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Home My WebLink AboutSWP273218(1) i SEPA Environmental Review Application ' Strander Boulevard Extension Project City of Renton September 2004 - 18 - HABITAT DATA REPORT ................................................................................................................................ ' The attached Biological Assessment provides the requested information for this requirement. ................................................................................................................................. DEVELOPMENT pLgN CITY OF RENTONNING OCT 1 12004 RECEIVED ' 18-1 Pert i��. r . ' Supplement to the Biological Assessment under Section 7, Endangered Species Act, for the Strander Blvd. Extension Project ' Applicant: City of Renton Project Number: 12239 This Supplement is provided by Perteet Inc. to the City of Renton in response to a review comment ' and question from the Washington Department of Transportation(WSDOT). On 3 September 2004, Brian Bigler of the WSDOT provided written comments on the August 2004 Biological Assessment prepared by David Evans and Associates, Inc. (a subconsultant to Perteet, Inc.) and r provided by the City of Renton on behalf of the Washington Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration. ' Comment 1: The author has acknowledged in the comments materials WSDOT provided that the Sixth ' Field HUC code (171100130399) is appreciated. Unfortunately, I do not see that this HUC code has been referenced anywhere in the document. This code should be cited in the Executive Summary following the specification that the project will discharge stormwater to ' the "Green River and Springbrook Creek," and again in the project description where ever a stream WRIA number is referenced. ' Response to Comment 1: The HUC code is referenced at the end of the first paragraph of the Introduction on page 1. ' Comment 2: The author mentions in a couple of places that"...water quality treatment and detention [are] designed to meet "enhanced treatment"standards...". And states in the discussion of Conservation Measures in Section 6.1 that"...All stormwater facilities will provide enhanced ' treatment. All stormwater facilities will consist of underground vaults buried with the ROW, except for one 50,000 square foot detention pond...". These two sentences are contradictory since vault BMPs do not meet enhanced treatment standards. r On the next page, the author lists potential BMPs, and does not mention vaults. I get a sense that the statement regarding underground vaults is not correct,but whichever, it must be rectified before consultation with the services. ' Response to Comment 2: Section 6.1 of the BA describes how the stormwater and drainage facilities are being ' designed to be in compliance with the standards for"enhanced treatment"per the 2001 Washington State Department of Ecology Stormwater Management Manual's (SMM). The SMM provides standards by which enhanced treatment can be achieved by wet vaults,which is accomplished through the use of a treatment train that consists of two vaults, as is listed in Table 3.2 of Volume V of the SMM. The vaults for this project will function in a series, and will consist of a wet vault followed by a sand filter vault. ' The report lists several options for enhanced treatment methods (treatment process best management practices)(BMPs), including wetpools,biofiltration, and filtration. The report ' then describes how these treatment process BMPs are provided by any of several treatment facilities (structural BMPs) such as wetponds, wetvaults, constructed wetlands, sand filters, 1 and others. The report notes that stormwater treatment facility BMPs would use one or more of these types of systems, as per the SMM. It should also be noted in Section 6.1 that the "5 0,000-square-foot"dimension of the"50,000- square-foot detention pond" is an estimate that is used in the 30% design report and may be ' modified in the final design. Comment 3: The author mentions in the discussion of Indirect Effects on page 39 that the adjoining properties are zoned commercial/industrial,but makes no emphatic statement regarding whether there are any planned or permitted developments. I anticipate that the services (both) will require that the author confirm with the City of Renton Planning Department(get a citable communication)whether there are any building permits or planned development projects in the vicinity of this project. Response to Comment 3: The Boeing Company has plans to develop part of the Boeing Longacres property, King County tax parcel 2423049002,which is within the western portion of the project area. At this point in time, a Binding Site Plan has been approved and an EIS was prepared for a corporate office park. Sound Transit has plans to develop a commuter rail station to the north of Strander Boulevard, and they have a Temporary Use permit for existing facilities at this location. No permits have been approved for the future station to date. The City of Tukwila is working on a Transit Oriented Development Plan that will connect road, trails, and development in Tukwila to the Transit Station. Please call Dan Hansen or Richard Rutz of Perteet Inc. at (425)-252-7700 if you require additional information or have any questions about this Supplement or the Strander project. 1 STRANDER BOULEVARD EXTENSION BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PERT0000-0003 Prepared for: CITY OF RENTON PERTEET, INC. Department of Public Works 2707 Colby Ave. Renton City Hall Suite 900 1055 S. Grady Way Everett, Washington 98201 Renton, Washington 98055 Prepared by: DAVID EVANS AND ASSOCIATES, INC. 415 118th Avenue SE Bellevue, Washington 98005 Phone: 425.519.6500 Fax: 425.519.5361 WD A V I D E VAN S AND ASSOCIATES I N C . August 2004 STRANDER BOULEVARD EXTENSION BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PERT0000-0003 Prepared for: CITY OF RENTON PERTEET,INC. Department of Public Works 2707 Colby Ave. ' Renton City Hall Suite 900 1055 S. Grady Way Everett,Washington 98201 ' Renton, Washington 98055 Prepared by: Scott Swarts Senior Fish and Wildlife Biologist ' DAVID EVANS AND ASSOCIATES, INC. 415 118th Avenue SE ' Bellevue, Washington 98005 August 2004 ' TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Studies and Coordination.........................................................................................5 1.2 Upland Habitat.........................................................................................................6 ' 2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION......................................................................................... 6 2.1 Construction of a Roadway Underpass Cross-Valley Link, Relocation of the ' Union Pacific Railroad Track and Modification of SW 27th Street to Five Lanes.........7 2.1.1 Relocation of the Union Pacific Railroad Track............................................. 7 2.1.2 New Roadway Construction from West Valley Highway to Oakesdale AvenueSW................................................................................................................. 8 2.1.3 Improvements to SW 27th Street.................................................................... 8 2.1.4 Modifications to the Interurban Trail............................................................ 10 2.1.5 Modifications to South Longacres Way ....................................................... 10 2.2 Equipment..............................................................................................................10 2.3 Project Phasing.......................................................................................................10 2.4 Project Summary....................................................................................................I I ' 3.0 PROJECT AREA AND STUDY AREA DEFINITION.......................................... 12 3.1 Project Area ...........................................................................................................12 ' 3.2 Action Area............................................................................................................14 4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE............................................................................ 15 ' 4.1 Fisheries Resources Overview...............................................................................15 4.1.1 Green/Duwamish River ................................................................................ 17 4.1.2 Springbrook Creek........................................................................................ 17 4.2 Springbrook Creek Habitat Composition...............................................................18 4.3 Matrix of Pathways and Indicators........................................................................19 4.4 Terrestrial Resources Overview.............................................................................20 4.5 Wetlands Overview................................................................................................23 ' 4.5.1 Wetland Vegetation ...................................................................................... 29 4.5.2 Wetland Hydrology....................................................................................... 30 ' 4.5.3 Topography................................................................................................... 30 5.0 SPECIES ANALYSIS .............................................................................................. 31 5.1 Puget Sound Chinook ............................................................................................31 ' 5.2 Coastal/Puget Sound Bull Trout ............................................................................32 5.3 Bald Eagle..............................................................................................................33 i6.0 CONSERVATION MEASURES............................................................................. 33 6.1 Stormwater Quality and Quantity..........................................................................33 O:\PROJECT\P\PERT0000-0003\0500Delv\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04)doc Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page i August 2004 Biological Assessment 6.1.2 Impact Reduction Measures during Construction......................................... 35 6.2 Pile Driving and Removal Measures .....................................................................36 ' 6.3 Wetland Mitigation................................................................................................37 7.0 EFFECTS ANALYSIS............................................................................................. 38 7.1 Salmonid Impacts...................................................................................................38 7.1.1 Direct Effects................................................................................................ 38 7.1.2 Indirect Effects.............................................................................................. 38 ' 7.1.3 Effects to Baseline Conditions...................................................................... 39 7.2 Bald Eagle.................................:............................................................................41 ' 7.3 Interrelated and Interdependent Actions................................................................41 8.0 ESSENTIAL FISH HABITAT................................................................................. 41 8.1 Background............................................................................................................41 8.2 Description of EFH................................................................................................42 ' 8.3 Potential Adverse Effects.......................................................................................42 9.0 DETERMINATION OF EFFECTS.......................................................................... 42 9.1 Chinook Salmon ....................................................................................................42 9.2 Bull Trout...............................................................................................................43 9.3 Bald Eagle..............................................................................................................43 9.4 Essential Fish Habitat ............................................................................................44 9.5 Bull Trout Critical Habitat.....................................................................................44 ' 10.0 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................... 45 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: USFWS Listed and Candidate Species Not Addressed in the BA...................... 4 Table 2: NOAA Fisheries and USFWS Listed Species Potentially Present in the Action Area............................................................................................................................. 5 Table 3: Summary of Project Related Elements.............................................................. I 1 Table 4: Springbrook Creek Fish Species........................................................................ 18 Table 5: Matrix of Pathways and Indicators Summary.................................................... 20 Table 6: Existing Habitat Conditions Within Project Footprint......................................21 Table 7: Wetland Summary Table................................................................................... 29 Table 8: Life-Cycle Timing of Green/Duwamish River Chinook Salmon...................... 31 Table 9. Mitigation Required per Ecology Replacement Ratios..................................... 37 Table 10. Mitigation Required per Local Jurisdiction Ratios.......................................... 37 Table 11: Salmonid Habitat Project Effects Matrix.........................................................40 0:\PROJECT\P\PERT0000-0003\0500Delv\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04).doc Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page ii August 2004 Biological Assessment LIST OF FIGURES Figure1: Location Map .....................................................................................................2 Figure 2: Proposed Roadway Limits.................................................................................. 3 Figure 3: Typical Roadway Section................................................................................... 9 Figure 4: Action Area and Project Area Map.................................................................. 13 Figure 5: Stream Overview Map...................................................................................... 16 Figure 6: Aerial Photograph............................................................................................. 22 Figure 7: National Wetlands Inventory Map................................................................... 24 Figure8.1 Route Map.......................................................................................................25 Figure8.2 Route Map....................................................................................................... 26 Figure 8.3 Route Map............................. Figure8.4 Route Map.......................................................................................................28 APPENDICES Appendix A: Agency Correspondence Appendix B: Project Plans rAppendix C: Expanded Matrix of Pathways and Indicators Appendix D: Wetland Descriptions ' Appendix E: Listed Species Habitat Requirements 0:\PROJECT\P\PERT0000-0003\0500Dcly\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04),&c Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page iii August 2004 Biological Assessment EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The cities of Renton and Tukwila in partnership with a Project Stakeholder Committee composed of public agencies and private businesses propose to improve travel speed, reliability, and access in the Renton/Tukwila area of King County, Washington. This will ' be accomplished by constructing a new roadway across primarily undeveloped property to connect West Valley Highway with East Valley Road. A Project Team created by the City of Renton facilitated Project Stakeholder Committee meetings with affected agencies, such as the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT); City of Renton; City of Tukwila; King County; and private businesses, including Boeing, Burlington Northern Santa.Fe railroad(BNSF), and Union Pacific railroad (UPRR) to ' determine the best approach to achieve the project goals. In summary, the project goals are as follows: • Decrease travel time and increase reliability; • Relieve congestion; Provide access to the future Sound Transit Tukwila Station; • Improve freeway operation; • Encourage transit-oriented development; • Promote freight mobility and economic development. ' The Project Team assembled information about potential corridor concepts, existing and projected traffic that would be generated by the proposed corridor improvements, affected environment, and costs. Based on this analysis, the preferred alternative is Alternative 2: Construction of a Roadway Underpass Cross-Valley Link, Relocation of the Union Pacific Railroad Track and Modification of SW 27th Street to five lanes. The preferred alternative would result in adding a new roadway segment from Strander Boulevard to SW 27th Street and roadway improvements along SW 27th Street. This would result in a cross-valley link between West Valley Highway (SR 181) and East Valley Road via Strander Boulevard in Tukwila and SW 27th Street in Renton. rThe proposed project will result in approximately 9.9 acres of pollution-generating impervious surface (PGIS). However, there is currently approximately 5.4 acres of ' existing PGIS, therefore, the net gain in new PGIS is approximately 4.5 acres. The project proponent is proposing to provide water quality treatment and detention designed to meet "enhanced treatment" standards based on Washington State Department of ' Ecology's (Ecology) Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington. The project will treat a total of 204 percent of the total PGIS in the project area due to the presence of 5.4 acres of existing PGIS, which is currently discharged to the Lower Green River and Springbrook Creek untreated. Stormwater treatment measures designed to improve water quality during operation include wetpools, biofiltration, and filtration. Best Management Practices (BMPs) to be implemented during construction include: temporary silt traps or sediment trapping ponds/vaults for capturing sediment-laden runoff, discharge of runoff through grassed/plant buffer areas, temporary silt fences and/or straw wattles, and implementation of a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan _ 0:\PROJEC7IP\PERT0000-0003\0500Dely\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04).doc Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page iv August 2004 Biological Assessment r (SWPPP) throughout the duration of construction, which includes maintaining and cleaning facilities, and cleaning them after significant storm events. r The proposed design may directly impact 13.28 acres of vegetation in the project area, including 2.02 acres of wetlands. The Lower Green River and Springbrook are located in the immediate project vicinity and the potential exists for construction activities to increase runoff and sediment delivery to these waterways. Runoff from approximately 2.0 acres of PGIS would discharge to the Lower Green River, and approximately 7.9 acres would'discharge to Springbrook Creek. All stormwater discharging to the Lower ' Green River and Springbrook Creek would occur from existing stormwater pipes. Work below the ordinary high water mark (OHWM) is limited to placement of a flapgate on an existing stormwater outlet to Springbrook Creek to keep floodwater out of the stormwater ' facility. This can be accomplished without conducting in-water work. In order to minimize impacts to the environment, the project design will incorporate BMPs, best ' available technology, and guidelines established in the Ecology Manual (2001) to minimize impacts to Endangered Species Act(ESA) listed species and their habitats. This assessment was prepared to assist federal agency review required under the ESA to ensure that the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) does not fund any actions that may jeopardize the continued existence of an endangered or threatened species or their critical habitats. Three ESA listed species were identified as potentially occurring in the action area: (1) Chinook salmon (threatened); (2) bull trout (threatened); and (3) bald eagle (threatened). Potential effects to these species were evaluated from a review of the proposed action, on-site evaluations of existing habitat, and the current and historical distribution data available for each species. The analysis of the project determined that the effect determinations are: "may affect, not likely to adversely affect" Puget Sound ' Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU) Chinook salmon,-Coastal/Puget Sound Distinct Population Segment (DPS) bull trout, and bald eagles. The proposed actions will have "no adverse affect" on Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) for Pacific salmon or groundfish and coastal pelagics. The project is "not likely to destroy or adversely modify" proposed critical habitat for bull trout. Should critical habitat be designated prior to completion of the project, the project will have "no effect"on designated critical habitat for bull trout. r 1 r r r 1 0:\PROJECT\P\PERT0000-0003\0500Deiv\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04).&c ' Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page v August 2004 Biological Assessment ' 1.0 INTRODUCTION At the request of the City of Renton and on behalf of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), David Evans and Associates, Inc. (DEA) prepared this Biological Assessment (BA) for the Strander Boulevard Extension project. The project is located within the jurisdictions of both the City of Renton and the City of Tukwila in Section 19, Township 23 North, Range 5 East; Sections 24 and 25, Township 23 North, Range 4 East; Section 30, Township 23 North, Range 5 East (Figure 1). Renton is located at the south end of Lake Washington on the edge of metropolitan and rural King County. The Duwamish/Green River is within hydrologic unit code (HUC) sixth field number 171100130399. The purpose of this project is to improve travel speed, reliability, and access in the Renton/Tukwila area. This would be accomplished by adding a new roadway segment from Strander Boulevard to SW 27th Street and roadway improvements along SW 27th ' Street. This would result in a cross-valley link between West Valley Highway (SR 181) and East Valley Road via Strander Boulevard in Tukwila and SW 27th Street in Renton (Figure 2). rDEA prepared this biological assessment (BA) on behalf of FHWA as.required under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (ESA). DEA reviewed the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries website (Revised June 17, 2004) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) county-wide endangered species listings for King County (Revised April 8, 2004) to determine the potential presence of ESA-listed and candidate species within the project vicinity (Appendix A). The Washington State Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) and Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) were also contacted to determine if listed species or potential habitat occurs in the action area. Listed species under NOAA Fisheries jurisdiction potentially occurring in the action area include Puget Sound ESU Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). In addition, Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) for Chinook, coho (O. kisutch), and pink (O. gorbuscha) salmon, occurs within the action area. Nine listed species are identified on the USFWS county-wide listings for King County, ' including: Coastal/Puget Sound bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus); bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus); marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus marmoratus); northern spotted owl (Stria occidentalis caurina), gray wolf(Canis lupus), ' grizzly bear (Ursus arctos), Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), marsh sandwort (Arenaria paludicola), and golden paintbrush (Castilleja levisecta) (Appendix A). Two candidate species are identified on the USFWS listing, including Pacific fisher (Martes pennanti pacifica) and yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus) (Appendix A). Spotted owl and marbled murrelet designated critical habitat was also identified on the USFWS listing; however, this critical habitat does not occur within the action area. Therefore, this project will have "no effect" on spotted owl and marbled murrelet critical habitat and critical habitat for these species will not be addressed further in the BA (Table 1). The project is "not likely to destroy or adversely modify" proposed critical habitat for bull trout. Should critical habitat be designated prior to completion of the project, the project will have"no effect"on designated critical habitat for bull trout. 0:\PROJECT\P\PERT0000-0003\0500Dely\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04).&c Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 1 August 2004 ' Biological Assessment r ! / Elliot Bay Seattle Lake Washington / Bellevue / Mereei / Island /Buries Puget Sound / Tukw�la1 o CM / Renton Sea Tae Q Project-Location Kent � XDes ' Moines East Passage , / � ; Auburn Federal Way Tacoma �/ d RENTON Cityof Renton Figure 1 Strander Boulevard Extension _ Perteet Engineering, Inc. Location Map Civil,Transportation and Surveying SEC. 19, T 23N, R 5E, W.M. S C. 25, T-23N, LANGSTON RD AIRPOR- S 132N S ' si S 1.33RD ST N hVE X V) $lack Y if Fra S 144TH GALLEY ,0 SW 7TH ST Stn 7 ce X '1 00 S 147TH S in T L>0 'no z 151ST S ST INTE AVE SURBAN Pr SW Ip 0 BLVD rokWILA 3PKWY PR PO ED RO DWAY LIMITS < V- IX > 7 0 Z I z STRANDER BLVD < R STR D -5k < BLVD a. T CE > z ST Y 0 SW 34TH ST co LU < 0- 0 $ < z 1 SW 41TH ST 0 Sr $ 180TH $T S A 180TH SE 43RD ST ST Lt I (S 180TH ST,T, to RENT 0> City of Renton Figure 2 AHKAP 01"MI C7 IRVF, Strander Boulevard Extension � Perteet Engineering, Inc. Proposed Roadway Limits Civil.Transportation and Sur%eving ' Table 1: USFWS Listed and Candidate Species Not Addressed in the BA Species Scientific Name Federal Status Critical Habitat Marbled Murrelet Brachyramphus Threatened Not Present- No marmoratus marmoratus Effect Northern Spotted Owl Strix occidentalis caurina Threatened Not Present- No Effect Gray Wolf Canis lupus Threatened Not Designated Grizzly Bear Ursus arctos Threatened Not Designated Canada Lynx Lynx canadensis Threatened Not Designated Marsh Sandwort Arenaria paludicola Endangered Not Designated Golden Paintbrush Castilleja levisecta Threatened Not Designated Pacific Fisher Martes pennanti pacifica Candidate Not Designated Yellow-billed cuckoo Coccyzus americanus Candidate Not Designated r Due to the lack of mature, contiguous forest within the action area, habitat for the northern spotted owl is not present. Therefore, the project will have "no effect" on the spotted owl and spotted owls will not be addressed further in the BA (Table 1). Due to the lack of mature forest and marine habitat within the action area, marbled murrelet habitat does not occur within the action area. Therefore, the project will have "no effect" on the marbled murrelet and murrelets will not be addressed further in the BA (Table 1). Due to the developed nature of the action area and location within the urban greater Seattle setting, grizzly bears, gray wolves, and Canada lynx do not occur in the action area. Therefore, the project will have "no effect" on grizzly bears, gray wolves, and Canada lynx and these species will not be addressed further in the BA(Table 1). Marsh sandwort is assumed extirpated from the State of Washington and has not been documented since 1896 when it was collected from "prairies" near Tacoma (USFWS, 1998a). Therefore the project will have "no effect" on marsh sandwort and this species will not be addressed further in the BA (Table 1). Golden paintbrush typically occurs in prairie habitat on gravelly, glacial outwash. It is known from 9 extant populations in ' Washington, none of which are in King County (USFWS, 2000). Due to the lack of documented populations in King County and absence of prairie habitat in the action area, the project will have "no effect" on golden paintbrush and this species will not be addressed further in the BA (Table 1). The USFWS does not currently list any proposed species in King County. Two candidate species (Pacific fisher and yellow-billed cuckoo) r O:\PROJECT\P\PER70000-0003\0500Dely\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04).&c Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 4 August 2004 Biological Assessment are mentioned for reference purposes only. Neither species is expected to occur in the action area so they will not be addressed further in the BA. Species further analyzed in this BA are identified in Table 2. ' Table 2: NOAA Fisheries and USFWS Listed Species Potentially Present in the Action Area Species Scientific Name Federal Critical Habitat " Status Puget Sound Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Threatened None Designated Coastal/Puget Sound Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus Threatened Proposed June 22, 2004 Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus Threatened None Designated Field investigations of the action area were conducted on July 17 and 23, 2003, to document critical areas, species presence, and potential fish and wildlife habitat in the action area. DEA investigated habitat composition and condition of upland habitats, wetlands, and Springbrook Creek. 1.1 Studies and Coordination Existing literature and scientific data were reviewed to determine existing conditions, species distribution, habitat requirements, and other pertinent biological parameters. Published information about local critical areas was reviewed for evidence of wetlands and streams in the proposed project area. Following the review of project plans, public domain resource data, and multiple site visits,DEA prepared this report. The information reviewed included: • Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife—Priority Habitats and Species data. July 2003. Olympia, Washington; • Fish and Wildlife Technical Discipline Report—Strander Boulevard Extension Project. David Evans and Associates, 2004; • Wetland Technical Discipline Report— Strander Boulevard Extension Project. David Evans and Associates, 2004; • Surface Water Quantity and Quality Technical Discipline Report—Strander Boulevard Extension Project. Perteet Engineering, 2004; • Noise Technical Discipline Report—Strander Boulevard Extension Project. MFG, 2004; • Hazardous Materials Technical Discipline Report— Strander Boulevard Extension Project. Perteet Engineering,2004; • Groundwater Technical Discipline Report— Strander Boulevard Extension Project. Perteet Engineering, 2004; 0:\PROJECT\P\PERT0000-0003\0500De]v\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04)doc Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 5 August 2004 ' Biological Assessment • Floodplains Technical Discipline Report— Strander Boulevard Extension Project. Perteet Engineering, 2004; ' • Air Quality Technical Discipline Report— Strander Boulevard Extension Project. MFG, 2004; ' • National Wetlands Inventory(NWI), Renton Quadrangle, 1:24,000, United States Department of Interior(USDI) -Fish and Wildlife Service, 1988; • United States Geological Survey(USGS),Renton Quadrangle, 1:24,000. 1949, revised 1994; • A Catalog of Washington Streams and Salmon Utilization—Volume 1 —Puget Sound Region. Washington Department of Fisheries (Williams et al. 1975). 1.2 Upland Habitat Upland habitat impacts were quantified by overlaying the proposed action elements onto an aerial photograph and then delineating the various habitat types under the project footprint. Delineating habitat types was achieved by drawing polygons around each habitat type using computer-aided design drafting (CARD) software. Plant species in the action area were identified according to Cooke (1997), Pojar and MacKinnon (1994), and Hitchcock and Cronquist (1973). Each habitat type was segmented into various types as defined by Johnson and O'Neil (2001). Habitat types typically associated with the Puget Sound lowlands include: • Westside Oak and Dry Douglas-fir Forest and Woodlands; • Herbaceous Wetlands; r • Westside Lowlands Conifer-Hardwood Forest; • Openwater: Lakes, Rivers, and Streams; • Marine: Bays and Estuaries; • Agriculture,Pasture, and Mixed Environments; • Westside Riparian-Wetlands; • Urban and Mixed Environments. 2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION At present, West Valley Highway to Oakesdale Avenue SW is an unimproved area with no roadway that directly connects Strander Boulevard with the area to the east. From Oakesdale Avenue SW to East Valley Road, there is an existing roadway approximately 3,600 feet long. The project alternatives focused on strategies to cross the unimproved area, especially railroad tracks owned and operated by UPRR and BNSF. 0:\PROJECT\P\PERT0000-0003\0500Dely\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04).doc Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 6 August 2004 Biological Assessment 2.1 Construction of a Roadway Underpass Cross-Valley Link, Relocation of the Union Pacific Railroad Track and Modification of SW 27th Street to Five Lanes The proposed action would create a link between West Valley Highway (SR 181) and Oakesdale Avenue SW with a single underpass of both the UPRR and BNSF tracks ' (Appendix B). The UPRR track would be relocated to the east to parallel the existing BNSF tracks. From Oaksdale Avenue SW to East Valley Road, SW 27th Street would be widened and include pedestrian facilities and landscaping. The five primary project elements are as follows: • Relocation of the UPRR track; • New roadway construction from West Valley Highway to Oakesdale Avenue SW; • Improvements to SW 27th Street; t • Modifications to the Interurban Trail; • Modifications to South Longacres Way. r2.1.1 Relocation of the Union Pacific Railroad Track The UPRR track would be shifted to the east to parallel the existing two sets of BNSF track. To develop this alternative, a new railroad track would be constructed within a new 100-foot ROW adjacent to the BNSF ROW and then join with the existing UPRR track at both ends of the project area. Approximately 5,500 feet of new track would be constructed at an elevation similar to that of the existing BNSF tracks. Construction would require placement of 125,000 cubic yards of earth and gravel for the new railroad bed. The new UPRR track would be located at the center of the new 100-foot ROW. Approximately the same amount of track and railroad bed would be removed from the existing UPRR location as will be constructed at the new UPRR track location. The railroad bed material would be disposed of at an approved location or reused as a construction fill material. Construction would be sequenced so that disruption of railroad service would be avoided or minimized. The construction of the new railroad track and the roadway underpass (see new roadway construction subsection below) would also be constructed simultaneously. When the new track is completed, train traffic from the western BNSF tracks would be temporarily shifted to the new track and construction of the underpass beneath the unused tracks would take place. After completion of the second section of the underpass, train traffic from the eastern BNSF track would be temporarily shifted to the western track, and the third section of the underpass would be constructed under the eastern BNSF track. When the underpass is completed, BNSF train traffic would be shifted back to their two original tracks, and UPRR train traffic would be relocated to the new track, and the existing UPRR track and railroad bed would then be removed. 0:\PROJECT\P\PERT0000-0003\0500Dcly\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04).doc Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 7 August 2004 Biological Assessment 2.1.2 New Roadway Construction from West Valley Highway to Oakesdale Avenue SW A new roadway would be constructed from the intersection of West Valley Highway(SR 181) and Strander Boulevard to the intersection of Oakesdale Avenue SW and SW 27th Street. The roadway alignment would be an extension of Strander Boulevard and curve to match up with the existing alignment of SW 27th Street. An underpass of all three-railroad tracks (the relocated track used by UPRR and the two BNSF tracks) would be constructed to provide 17 feet of clear distance between the roadway and the bottom of the bridge structure. The underpass section would include a pump system to remove the accumulated rainwater, which would first be pumped to a stormwater treatment facility that will provide enhanced treatment prior to being discharged to either a wetland mitigation site or the Green River. If stormwater is pumped to the Green River it will be discharged out an existing stormwater outlet. Construction of the underpass will likely require pile driving, but the type (impact or vibratory) is uncertain. Therefore, this report assumes an impact pile driver will be used. From West Valley Highway to the underpass, the roadway would consist of five lanes (four thru lanes and a two-way left-turn lane), landscaped strips, a sidewalk on the north side, and a shared use path on the south side (Figure 3). Bicycle facilities would be provided in either combined travel lanes/bicycle lanes or as a shared use path. The landscaped strips would be provided between the traveled way and the pedestrian facilities, and in some locations where a two-way left turn lane is not needed, a landscaped median would be provided. From the underpass east to Oakesdale Avenue SW, a five-lane roadway, landscape strips, and pedestrianibicycle facilities would be constructed. This section (including the roadway, pedestrian facilities and landscaped strips) would be 90 feet wide from back of sidewalk to back of sidewalk, staying, for the most part, within the appropriate existing City-owned ROW. The new roadway construction would result in three new intersections between West Valley Highway to Oakesdale Avenue SW. There would be one intersection at the future Sound Transit Tukwila Station access road, and two intersections that would result from access roads to the Boeing Longacres site. New traffic signals would be installed at each of these intersections. 2.1.3 Improvements to SW 27th Street The existing section of roadway between Oakesdale Avenue SW and East Valley Road would be widened to match that of the new roadway segment to the west (five lanes, landscaping strips, and pedestrian/bicycle facilities on each side). The section would be 90 feet wide from back of sidewalk to back of sidewalk, staying, for the most part, within existing City-owned ROW. At some locations where there are space constraints or the need to avoid wetland impacts, the planter strip may be eliminated. 0:\PROJECT\P\PERT0000-0003\0500Deiv\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04).&c Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 8 August 2004 Biological Assessment n 'O < cP o � _ bG JJG STRANDER BOULEVARD EXTENSION TYPICAL ROADWAY SECTION v � Q 90' ROW TI 0 G' PLANTER ED G' PLANTER 6' SIDEWALK 12' 12' 12' 12' 12' 12' Q THRU LANE THKU LANE TURN LANE THRU LANE THRU LANE SHARED fllipj USE PATH 70 -- WIDEN WITHIN THE ROW O WITH SHARED USE PATH •) CON SOUTH SIDE ((D �. n O CD D W Portions of the north side and south side of the proposed improvements may require a 3- to 8-foot block or rock wall at the back of the sidewalk to minimize impacts to the adjacent wetlands. A handrail would be required along the top of these wall sections. 2.1.4 Modifications to the Interurban Trail The new roadway segment linking West Valley Highway and Oakesdale Avenue SW would cut across the Interurban Trail. As a result, it would be necessary to construct a new means of making the trail continuous. The least obtrusive and preferred route is to have an at-grade crossing at either West Valley Highway or at the future Tukwila Station access road intersection. On the north side and the south side of the roadway, trail users would be routed onto the new bicycle/pedestrian facilities along the roadway, directed toward the intersection, cross the intersection, and then be directed back to the existing trail. 2.1.5 Modifications to South Longacres Way South Longacres Way, which is approximately 1,700 feet north of the intersection of Strander Boulevard and West Valley Highway, is bridged by the UPRR track and the BNSF tracks. It currently provides access to the temporary Sound Transit commuter rail parking area. The existing railroad bridges over South Longacres Way are narrow and have clearances that are below the minimum requirements. As a result of this project, if South Longacres Way were to continue to remain open, improvements would have to be made to provide minimum vertical clearances. A new LPRR bridge structure would have to be built, improvements would need to be made to the BNSF bridge structure, and the vertical profile of South Longacres Way would have to be lowered. 2.2 Equipment The necessary equipment to construct the project includes but is not limited to: dump trucks, utility trucks, cement trucks,back hoes, pavers, rollers, paint trucks, vibratory pile driver, impact pile driver, excavators, graders, hoe rams, cranes, and bulldozers. Other types of equipment include generators,pumps, compressors, plus numerous types of hand tools. 2.3 Project Phasing Construction would be phased over a three-year period starting in 2005. Phase one would extend SW 27th Street west toward the BNSF railroad tracks and take approximately 6 months to complete. Phase two would expand SW 27th Street between Oaksdale Avenue and East Valley Road, and take approximately one year to complete. Phase three would connect SW 27th Street to Strander Boulevard from the east side of tthe BNSF tracks to the western terminus of the project area. This phase includes moving the UPRR line adjacent to the BNSF line and constructing the tunnel under the railroad tracks. The third phase is anticipated to begin in 2007 and take approximately two years to complete. 0:\PROIECW\PERT0000-0003\0500Dely\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04).&c Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 10 August 2004 Biological Assessment 2.4 Project Summary The proposed transportation improvement project will result in the creation of new roadway, sidewalks, landscaping, underpass, railroad bridge, and stormwater treatment facilities within an overall project footprint of approximately 19.5 acres. All stormwater facilities will consist of underground vaults burred within the ROW, except for one 50,000 square foot detention pond near the railroad tracks. The area proposed for the detention pond currently consists of upland grasses and shrubs without wetlands. Strander Boulevard will be extended to connect with SW 27th Street while SW 27th Street will be expanded to four lanes. Existing roads and sidewalks within the overall project footprint account for approximately 6.2 acres. The remaining 13.3 acres are composed of wetland and upland habitats, which are discussed in Sections 4.4, 4.5, and Appendix D. As previously mentioned, no in-water work is proposed but a flapgate may be placed on an existing stormwater outlet. Once constructed there will be approximately 9.90 acres of PGIS within the project footprint compared with 5.4 acres of PGIS currently within the project footprint (primarily associated with SW 27th Street). Water quality treatment and detention will be designed to meet standards based on Washington State Department of Ecology's (Ecology) Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington (Ecology, 2001). Water quality and quantity treatment is discussed in Section 6.1. Table 3 summarizes some of the pertinent project related elements. Table 3: Summary of Project Related Elements Project Related Element Quantity/Answer Total Project Footprint(excluding stormwater facilities) 19.49 Acres Area Currently Developed Within Footprint 6.21 Acres Vegetation Clearing 13.28 Acres Total Existing PGIS 5.4 Acres Total New PGIS After Construction 4.5 Acres Total PGIS After Construction 9.9 Acres Total Existing Enhanced Treated PGIS 0.3 Acre Total Enhanced Treated PGIS After Construction 9.5 Acres Net Gain of New PGIS After Construction 4.5 Acres Total PGIS with Enhanced Treatment after 9.2 Acres Construction due to project Percentage of New PGIS with Enhanced Treatment 204 Percent after Construction New Railroad Track Length 5,500 feet Fill for New Railroad Bed 125,000 cubic yards Wetland Fill 2.02 Acres Wetland Buffer Impacts 3.90 Acres (included in vegetation clearing) Wetland Mitigation/Creation 3.01 to 3.80 Acres Stormwater Manual Ecology 2001 Manual Anticipated Project Start Date 2005 Anticipated Project Duration Three years+/- Work Below/Near Ordinary High Water Mark Flapgate on existing stormwater outfall In-water Work Not Required Pile Driving Underpass and New Railroad Bridge Blasting Not Required O:\PROJECT\P\PERT000o-0003\0500Dely\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04).doc Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 11 August 2004 Biological Assessment 3.0 PROJECT AREA AND STUDY AREA DEFINITION 3.1 Project Area iThe project area is defined as the immediate vicinity of the proposed action. The project area includes the area between Strander Boulevard east of the Green River and East ' Valley Highway west of SR 167, and the UPRR and BNSF railroad tracks (Figure 4). The project area also includes secondary project features such as staging areas, detours, and mitigation sites, which have not been identified at this time. 1 j i 0:\PROJECT\P\PERT0000-0003\0500Dely\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04)doc Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 12 August 2004 Biological Assessment 1 . 19 T 23N R 5E W.M. SEC , a S C. 25, TT23N, R45E, WM. - � II S LANGSToN a(12POR-� S:' 2 .- S 133RD S' S 132N ST 9 S y�-A - - �NTON PVE _ a - Tom, � P V) of 5Bloot "� _� U *019 0I s 144TM 1 Q ActionlArea - - 0 0I = —I_._ -_ VACLEy �,n, SW 7TH ST r3 S 7 > N S 147TH ST �+ a > Y, W AY N n o I S T �4rO 5Y1 INTERURBAN 3` AVE S S Z d SW 16TH i ST — -- L � Sp IV 1P BLVD r IJKWILA PKWY Y x W CL Railroad - Bridge a o - Z Proje t Area z 4 1 —--'_ STRANDER < BLVD `, z STRANDER I111 7 a BLVD n a ST Underpa s > Z W ci 00 3 u, ti --_- --_.-. - > W 34TH ST 3 I < aUj y K Y 0 a O > S > S H ST 0 sr a S 180 TH Sr s 1BOTH �_ ST SE 43RD ST (S 180TH ST) Approximate Scale 2.3"= 1 mile RE N T O N City of Renton Figure 4 Strander Boulevard Extension Action Area and e Perteet Engineering, Inc. Action Area Ci,il.Tran.spurtali i and SInC'in_ Project Area Project Area Map 3.2 Action Area The action area includes all areas that could be affected directly or indirectly by the proposed action and is not limited to the actual work area(project area). The project area and secondary project features are considered when defining the action area. The action area will include potential effects from visual and audible disturbance, terrestrial habitat impacts, and impacts to aquatic environments. Visual and audible disturbance related to ordinary construction activities is expected to exceed ambient levels up to 0.25 mile from the project area and secondary project features including staging areas, mitigation areas, and detours (Figure 4). Impact pile >� driving may be necessary during construction of the underpass and construction of a new railroad bridge over the access road to the temporary Sound Transit commuter rail parking area. Therefore the action area associated with ambient noise increases for the activities that include pile driving and is expected to extend up to one-mile from these locations (Figures 4). All indirect effects including audible and visual are expected to be contained within this one-mile radius. The primary potential aquatic effects will be turbidity increase and sedimentation from construction activities. The extent of turbidity and sedimentation effects can vary widely depending on sediment sources, particle size, and flow fluctuations. The potential for pollutants entering water bodies can be greatly reduced by implementing a spill prevention control and countermeasures (SPCC) plan. Due to project Best Management Practices (BMPs) and other performance-based standards, and the existing high sediment loading in Springbrook Creek and the Lower Green River, water quality impacts are not expected to be measurable in comparison to background conditions. Therefore, the action area is anticipated to extend a quarter-mile around the entire project area and one- mile around the underpass and railroad bridge. Due to the one-mile extension of the action area around the underpass and railroad bridge, the action area is typically at least 0.5-mile around the project area except in the vicinity of SR 167 (Figure 4). 0:\PROJECTIP\PERT0000-0003\0500Dely\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04).&c Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 14 August 2004 Biological Assessment 4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE 4.1 Fisheries Resources Overview The action area is located within the Green/Duwamish River watershed—Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA) 9. The action area is primarily within the Springbrook Creek subbasin located east of the mainstem Green River and west of SR 167 in the vicinity of I-405, Washington (Figure 5). Springbrook Creek is an approximately 12-mile-long stream, with an additional 23 miles of tributaries and drainage ditches, that enters the Black River at river mile (RM) 0.65 (Williams et al., 1975). The Black River enters the Green/Duwamish River at RM 11.0. i t 0:\PROJECT\P\PERT0000.0003\0500Dely\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04).&c Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 15 August 2004 Biological Assessment .; Project Area Y, \ 1 _, I i3� • DUWAMISH RIVER Kent Area 14 (15 `. /1 • 3 � a n m a ' 3' 20• J SYMBOLS PASSABLE BARRIERS IMPASSABLE Kell+ U i12. Fans • Cascades 23; Beaver Dams >, � • • Log Jams 2 Dams r- Salmon Hatchery Fish Passage Facility • _ lr Stream Gage - cl • Stream Mile • • Reference Point • l - ' SCALE I'•- MILE RE N T O N City of Renton Figure 5 1i4EAF),,F'l1 1VT__ Strander Boulevard Extension 1"ci t et Enzineerinb, Inc. Source: Williams et al., 1975 Stream Overview Civil.Transportation and Surveying i4.1.1 Green/Duwamish River The Green/Duwamish River is a sixth-order, 93-mile-long river with a 556-square-mile watershed (Kerwin and Nelson, 2000). The Green River is an extension of the Duwamish River defined as that segment of river from RM 11.0 to its headwaters in the Cascade Mountains. The Green/Duwamish River is typically segmented into four primary reaches. Reach 1 is the Duwamish River proper from Harbor Island at Elliot Bay to RM 11.0, which is located at the confluence of the Black River with the Duwamish River. Reach 1 is referred to as the Green/Duwamish Estuary subwatershed because the saltwater-wedge can extend upstream to RM 11.0 due to dredging and chronic low-flows resulting from hydrologic modifications (dams and diversions). Reach 2 starts at RM 11.0, extends upstream to RM 32.0, and is referred to as the Lower Green River subwatershed. Reach 3 starts at RM 32.0 and extends upstream to RM 64.5 at the Howard Hanson Dam. Reach 3 is referred to as the Middle Green River subwatershed. Reach 4 starts at the Howard Hanson Dam (RM 64.5), extends upstream to the headwaters, and is referred to as the Upper Green River subwatershed. The Green/Duwamish River is one of the most manipulated river systems in the Puget Sound region, based on the rerouting of major tributaries (Black, Cedar, and White Rivers), construction of the Tacoma Diversion Dam and Howard Hanson Dam, extensive filling of estuarine wetlands, bank-armoring, straightening, and general habitat modifications resulting from intensive development. However, the Green/Duwamish River basin is used by several species of salmonids, including Chinook, coho, sockeye, chum, Atlantic, and pink salmon, and steelhead, cutthroat, and bull trout. Some species such as sockeye salmon are rarely observed, while others such as Atlantic salmon are escapees from net pen facilities in Puget Sound. Other species such as bull trout have occasionally been captured in the Duwamish/Green River, but are not known to currently reproduce in the river system and may be part of an anadromous component searching for potential prey sources. Both hatcheries and fry plantings influence the current abundance of salmonids in the Green/Duwamish River. Three hatcheries currently operate in the basin including the WDFW's Green River and Palmer hatcheries, and the Mucklesl;oot Indian Tribe's Keta Creek Hatchery. State, tribal, and private parties have all planted various numbers of several different species of salmonids in numerous tributaries to the Green/Duwamish River over time. 4.1.2 Springbrook Creek The Springbrook Creek subbasin is located east of the mainstem Green River in the vicinity of Renton and Kent. The Springbrook Creek subbasin is the largest in the Lower Green River basin and covers approximately 15,763 acres (Kerwin and Nelson 2000). Springbrook Creek is an approximately 12-mile-long stream, with an additional 19.1 miles of tributaries and 3.8 miles of drainage ditches, that enters the Black River at RM 0.65 (Williams et al., 1975). The Black River enters the Green/Duwamish River at RM 11.0 approximately 0.75 mile north of I-405 in the vicinity of Fort Dent Park. Primary tributaries to Springbrook Creek include Mill and Garrison creeks plus several other smaller unnamed tributaries add to its overall drainage network. 0:\PROJEMP\PERT0000-0003\0500Delv\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04).dm Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 17 August 2004 Biological Assessment Adult salmonid data collected at the Black River Pump Station (BRPS) from 1983 through 1994 counted an average of 120 fish per year in Springbrook Creek ranging from 1 a high of 291 in 1992 to a low of 47 in 1985 (Harza, 1995). Based on its relatively small size, Springbrook Creek is most conducive to utilization by smaller or agile salmonids such as coho salmon, and steelhead and cutthroat trout. However, habitat quality has been severely impacted in the Springbrook Creek subbasin by industrial and commercial development within the low-lying floodplain and by residential development in the surrounding foothills. Furthermore, the BRPS has also impacted salmonid abundance in Springbrook Creek by restricting both upstream and downstream movement of adult and juvenile salmonids. Springbrook Creek is used by several fish species (Table 4). The abundance and distribution of these species varies significantly both seasonally and spatially. Based on electrofish data collected by Harza (1995), three-spine sticklebacks are the most abundant species in the low-gradient Green/Duwamish River valley floor, while sculpin, coho salmon, and cutthroat trout are most abundant in the high-gradient foothill areas. Coho salmon, three-spine stickleback, lamprey, rainbow trout, and cutthroat trout were 1 common in transitional area between the valley floor and foothills. Table 4 also includes data collected during a coho salmon smolt emigration study conducted at the BRPS from April 8 through June 16, 1994 (Harza, 1995). Based on this data, coho salmon and three- spine sticklebacks are the most abundant fish species in the Springbrook Creek subbasin (Harza 1995). However, it is important.to note that these data represent fish captured at the BRPS during an approximately 2-month period and cannot be correlated to the entire 1 Springbrook Creek subbasin. Table 4: Springbrook Creek Fish Species Common Name Scientific Name Source Total Catch Coho salmon Onchorhynchus kisutch Harza, 1995 1,456 Chinook salmon Onchorhynchus tshawytscha Kerwin, 2000 0 Winter steelhead trout/Rainbow Onchorhynchus mykiss Harza, 1995 103 trout Cutthroat trout Onchorhynchus clarki Harza, 1995 8 Pumpkinseed sunfish Lepomis gibbosus Harza, 1995 12 Speckled dace Rhinicthys oscu/us Harza, 1995 1 Three-spine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus Harza, 1995 1,874 Lamprey Lampetra spp. Harza, 1995 26 Sculpin Cottus spp. Harza, 1995 1 4.2 Springbrook Creek Habitat Composition Based on the results of a stream habitat assessment conducted by Harza (1995), the Springbrook Creek subbasin is composed of approximately 83 percent low-gradient glides, 13 percent riffles, < 1 percent pools, and < 1 percent step/run habitat types. DEA conducted stream habitat surveys along Upper Springbrook Creek (09-0020), Garrison Creek (09-0022), and a short section of the mainstem of Springbrook Creek (09-0005) where it parallels SR 167 (DEA, 2001). Based on the survey results, it was determined that glide habitat dominates all reaches west of SR 167, while riffle habitat dominates all 0:\PROJECT\P\PERT0000-0003\0500Delv\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04).&c Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 18 August 2004 Biological Assessment reaches in the foothills to the east of SR 167. Pools, when present, tended to be relatively shallow and lacked habitat complexity. Furthermore, quality-spawning habitat is absent ' west of SR 167 but is available in the foothills where gradient increases. However, any salmonid that makes it through the BRPS must navigate through weed-choked segments of stream, numerous culverts, and depending upon the time of year, potentially lethal water quality prior to reaching suitable spawning gravel in the foothills east of SR 167. 4.3 Matrix of Pathways and Indicators Existing stream and watershed conditions were quantified by using watershed and habitat parameters as defined by the "Matrix of Pathways and Indicators" developed by NOAA Fisheries. The "Matrix of Pathways and Indicators" summarizes important parameters for six major pathways including: • Water Quality; • Habitat Access; • Habitat Elements; • Channel Condition and Dynamics; • Flow/Hydrology; • Watershed Conditions. These six major pathways are further broken down into a total of 18 "indicators." As an example, the water quality pathway is composed of three indicators: temperature, sediment/turbidity, and chemical contamination/nutrients. The indicator conditions are classified as either: "properly functioning," "at risk," or "not properly functioning." Criteria for each condition is defined by a range or goal based on the best available scientific data available, but criteria are not absolute, and may be adjusted for unique watersheds (NOAA Fisheries, 1996). The USFWS utilizes two additional pathways in the matrix of pathways and indictors to specifically address bull trout including subpopulation characteristics and integration of species and habitat conditions (USFWS, 1998b). The subpopulation characteristic pathway is composed of four indictors including subpopulation size, growth and survival, life history diversity and isolation, and persistence and genetic integrity. Table 5 summarizes the baseline conditions in the action area based on NOAA Fisheries and USFWS criteria. Appendix C contains a detailed description of each pathway and indicator,plus the rationale for the conclusions summarized below. 0:\PROJECIIP\PERT0000-0003\0500Dely\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04).doc Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 19 August 2004 Biological Assessment Table 5: Matrix of Pathways and Indicators Summary PATHWAY INDICATORS BASELINE CONDITIONS Lower Springbrook Green Creek River Water Quality Temperature*' FAR NPF Sediment FAR NPF .Chemical Contamination & NPF NPF Nutrients Habitat Access Physical Barriers PF NPF Habitat Elements Substrate FAR NPF LWD NPF NPF Pool Frequency ND NPF Pool Quality/Depth FAR NPF Off-Channel Habitat NPF NPF Channel Conditions and Dynamics Width/Depth Ratio ND ND ........................... Streambank Condition ND ND .............................---........................................ Floodplain Connectivity NPF NPF Flow/Hydrology Change in Peak/Base Flows NPF NPF ................ ...............-.- Increase in Drainage Network NPF NPF Watershed Conditions Road Density and Location NPF NPF Disturbance History NPF NPF Riparian NPF NPF Reserve/Conservation Areas Subpopulation Characteristics (bull Subpopulation Size NPF NPF - NA trout) Growth and Survival NPF NPF- NA Life History Diversity and NPF NPF - NA Isolation ........................... Persistence and Genetic NPF NPF- NA Integrity Species and Habitat Species Integration/Habitat NPF NPF-NA Conditions Key: Note*1=Temperature indicator can become not properly functioning during warm/dry periods. PF=Properly Functioning FAR=Functioning At Risk NPF=Not Properly Functioning/Functioning at Unacceptable Risk ND=No Data NA=No Bull Trout or Suitable Habitat Present 4.4 Terrestrial Resources Overview The action area for terrestrial wildlife consists of developed parcels used primarily for commercial purposes, roadway and railroad infrastructure, and undeveloped areas. The undeveloped areas are composed of several relatively large parcels that contain wetlands, grass fields, shrubs, and deciduous forest. The existing project footprint is partially developed in the vicinity of Strander Boulevard and SW 27th Street (Figure 6). The overall project footprint is approximately 19.49 acres, with 6.21 acres currently developed and the remaining 13.28 undeveloped. 0:\PROJECT\P\PERT0000-0003\05001)elv\FinaI BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04).doc Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 20 August 2004 Biological Assessment tTherefore, approximately 13.28 acres of potential wildlife habitat would be cleared. Table 6 provides an overview of existing habitat conditions and acreage within the 1 project footprint. Additional land owned by the City of Renton located immediately south of the proposed Strander Boulevard extension between the railroad tracks may be used for the only above ground stormwater facility proposed for this project. This area is 1 composed of upland grasses and shrubs, but was not included in the calculation below due to uncertainty of the exact location of the approximately 1.15-acre (50,000-square- foot) stormwater facility. All remaining stormwater facilities will be underground vaults buried within the roadway ROW. Table 6: Existing Habitat Conditions Within Project Footprint Existing "etHabitat Conditions Acresa Description k -" +` ., Currently Developed 6.21 Includes sidewalks, and paved and gravel roads. Westside Lowlands Conifer— 1.33 Includes forested areas and PFOb wetlands. Hardwood Forest Agriculture, Pasture, and Mixed 5.21 Includes all disturbed areas such as cleared fields. Environs. Westside Riparian—Wetlands. 4.42 Includes PEM`and PSSd wetlands and their buffers. Urban and Mixed Environments. 2.32 Includes planter strips and grassy areas adjacent to buildings. Total Vegetated 13.28 Total Vegetated Area Cleared Total Project Footprint 19.49 Size of Project Footprint Notea These acreage impacts do not include impacts from the stormwater facility. 1 Note PFO=Palustrine Forested Wetland. Note` PEM=Palustrine Emergent Wetland. Noted PSS=Palustrine Scrub-Shrub Wetland. 0:\PROJECr\P\PERT0000-0003\0500Delv\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04).doc Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 21 August 2004 Biological Assessment .d y t y film- ui. ink 4 In k'6 ' L ,ns�n+v oroow;wa )Mm XMOVWlkN LL ram , s, a r^ •!� ff I c) IY4�# W�� Air r ,, •` mr E1C w_,. .�pw..»+*.,m... lll�LYdt71M1d NONf1 ,. • y,�,, .', Q� � '"fir u. I ` �311d 4.5 Wet/ands Overview ' Based on a review of the National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) map of the action area, numerous wetlands occur in the vicinity of the proposed project (Figure 7). Wetlands within the project area generally fall into two categories: (1) linear palustnne wetlands characterized as ditch features along the railroad and (2) large palustnne wetlands with a forested component located along SW 27th Street. Twenty-nine wetlands were delineated in the project area. Of these, 18 wetlands may be impacted and/or have buffer impacts (Figure 8). Each of these 18 wetlands was rated using the local jurisdiction classification system and rated using the Ecology Rating System (1993) (Table 7). Rating and classification systems divide wetland categories based upon an analysis of their ecological condition and ability to perform wetland- related functions. Category I and Type 1 wetlands are of the highest quality, while the highest numbers indicate degraded wetlands that are small in size and/or hydrologically isolated. Wetlands, buffers, and riparian areas in the proposed project area have been degraded from past logging and agricultural activities as well as urban and industrial ' development. Appendix D contains a detailed description of all wetlands in the project area. 0.\PROJECT\P\PERT0000-0003\0500Dely\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04).doc Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 23 August 2004 Biological Assessment 1 1 I L ` x ti4 �. -P U g K r x PEMC f` - 4- -- Kra' PEMA . . tl ` ' • V 16 r PAgN s PEMC vssf t , PFOC. &SF PuBHx F f j 5 m PSSF 55� � . General � I Pss Pv9N � '�� { `'# Project Area - - -� ` PSSF PfaC PFoc PFOC . PEMC IT PEMCx� �'. �. v PFOC PSSC PFOA PFOA PFOC x i a l7 PEMC PAS" P SSC pEMF g ss 30 PSSC I PEMA t i PA BR PFOC �PSSC �` SSC FOC PEMC i - P9St PUBHx PFOA PS SAx 4 P55Cz--� .� 416 :<L - - i PEMC PS5c)( , I/ PU8P i PEMC� __ Scale: 1 mile = 3.5" rpSSCx`� PEN\ _- PEMC , i RE N T Q N City of Renton Figure 7 Strander Boulevard Extension 9 Source:U.S.Department of the interior National Wetlands Inventory Map PZI'[ZZt EtlalflZZfltlo. [Ili, Fish and Wildlife service �^ NaUonal Wetlands Inventory Civil.Transportation and Surveying ';iH Renton,Washington Quadrangle 1 �1(t •. . � �� ' °"�".1►�" "mow 5 LL 77--- 1 12 L14 �J U- W �,,eY' J W W LL LL Lu W W r I w U ec L'd LL f U- wCO Lu c p as M n u) a. y 7 LL LL �,. W� W_ _ 1 a — N CD J- I d I+ � CL ry d d a LL L� L �v ti L11 Q LU r ! W\ W U I •,,,./ - - r-------- L_-- L - •+..6 --.-.em..-s- ---------4 3y - i�IYWW- �IYI�Ie�I�IWi - .. ....... -- WLU ---- „ LU • 1 L lo to Oaz L LEYk - IF .. T YY T 5E, W.M. SE, W.M. g. f � r low - A&• r �. j V ETLAND 27J EUFFERIMPACT: S.F. - VETLAWP27,1 co Fuj - • Y' ' BUFFEFVIMPACaT Lu TM Lu uj 1. �— — Yt'ET LA ND 27r .� V ET La{ND 17F B OF FE R I tr1 PAC;F: 24.534 S.F. BUFFER IMPACT D.402S.F. "� ,� •4r V ET LA ND IMPACT: 106 S.F. ,. • 4 WETLAND BUFFER (TYP.) Yt'¢ETL�ND27E •' � _� y BE,FFER IVPACT: 5,407S.F. � - 3 y tat odo a - , _ SEC. 19, 23M W.M. - SEC. 25 T 2 �� ' 5E, W.M. t'I ♦ t ! 200 4 f � v Vol e s s. •- + • N - s E g • • • L .lam - _ .♦ - ti �•<<, ♦ ! �, y - Moil -� �. • • • _ 11 p • ► ,__ , -- - .=ems y ! _ _ �„■- -- _----- -- — WETLAND BUFFER(TYF.) Yt'ETl}tiNU(� BUFFER Ik-IPA CT: 77GS.F. BNSF RR r , _ t 4r*. _ �'�+ _�_ _ ems-, j q � x _ •�., 41 y �► 19 T"2 3 N R 5 t ` • ' — WETLANDBU ~ ~ dim =.ate ~~— _--- l WETL4NDT —� _ 410,co l l L I ND P 111JD161PACT: ,8S.F. — -- BUFFER MP CT:I WETLAND IA'1F'AC ,. L_ 1 ` w . s s - - - - - - - _ _ --sue— _.. Table 7: Wetland Summary Table ' Wetland USFWS Ecology Jurisdiction City Buffer Wetland Size ID Classification Rating (City) Classification (feet s .ft. A PEM IV Tukwila Type 3 25 2,467 B PFO/PEM III Tukwila Type 2 50 26,136 ' H PEM IV Tukwila Type 3 25 499 I PEM IV Tukwila Type 3 25 845 J PEM IV Tukwila Type 3 25 1,393 P PFO III Tukwila Type 2 50 622 QIR PFO/PSS/PEM II Tukwila Type 1 50a extends offsite S PEM IV Tukwila Type 3 25 6,428 T PEM III Tukwila Type 2 50 21,831 27A PFO/PEM II Renton Category 2 50 extends offsite 27C PFO/PUB II Renton Category 2 50 extends offsite 27D PFO III Renton Category 3 25 19,674 ' 27E PFO/PEM/POW II Renton Category 1 100 extends offsite 27F PFO/PEM II Renton Category 2 50 extends offsite 27G PFO/PEM II Renton Category 2 50 extends offsite ' 27H PFO/PUB 11 Renton Category 2 50 extends offsite 271 PFO III Renton Category 3 25 extends offsite 27J PFO II Renton Cate go 2 50 extends offsite a Indicates that the buffer width was reduced to 50 feet(See Project Definition Report,Table 7-3[Berger/Abam Engineers 2002]). ' 4.5.1 Wetland Vegetation Several wetlands along both sets of railroad tracks are characterized as isolated ditch features dominated by reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) with Himalayan blackberry (Rubus procerus) along the edges. These wetlands were classified as palustrine emergent (PEM) following the USFWS classification system (Cowardin et al., 1979). Other wetlands along the railroad were identified as palustrine shrub-scrub (PSS), ' and palustrine forested (PFO) classes. These wetlands were primarily dominated by red- osier dogwood (Corpus sericea), Pacific willow (Salix lucida ssp lasiandra), black cottonwood (Populus balsamifera), and red alder (Alnus rubra), with Himalayan blackberry and reed canarygrass occurring along their edges. All wetlands located along the SW 27th Street corridor were named by including "27" as ' a prefix. On the south side of the street, wetlands typically have a forested edge composed of red alder, willow, and cottonwood, with an emergent component dominated by reed canarygrass or cattails (Typha latifolia) inside of its tree line. Common shrub ' species occurring beneath the tree canopy include red-osier dogwood, salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis), and willows (Salix spp.). Wetland 27D is the only wetland along SW 27th Street that does not have a forested component, as it is a wetland mitigation site with young woody plants classified as PSS. Maintained planter strips with ornamental plantings are also present throughout SW 27th Street. ' The uplands consist of both open grass fields and deciduous forest. The open grass fields are typically clear of shrubs, often mowed, and dominated by Himalayan blackberry, tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), orchard grass (Dactylis gomerata), quackgrass (Elymus O:TROJECT\"ERT0000-0003\050ODely\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04)&c Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 29 August 2004 ' Biological Assessment repens), and bluegrass (Poa spp.). Red alder and black cottonwood dominate forested areas, while mature big-leaf maple (Acer macrophyllum) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) trees are scattered throughout. The shrub layer is diverse and varies ' considerably depending on location, but common species include beaked hazelnut (Corylus conruta), Nootka rose (Rosa nutkana), red elderberry (Sambucus racemosa), and thimbleberry(Rubus parviflorus). 4.5.2 Wetland Hydrology ' The primary sources of hydrology associated with ditch-like wetlands along the railroad corridor are precipitation and overland sheet flow or stormwater runoff from adjacent uplands primarily composed of fill material. These wetlands are considered isolated ' because they were likely created during construction of the railroad tracks and have no surface water connection to other wetlands or streams. Other wetlands along the railroad tracks, especially those farthest south and closest to the Green River are influenced by ' groundwater and potentially associated with the hyporheic zone of the river. It is likely that these wetlands had a surface water connection to the Green River during flood events prior to the construction of the West Valley Highway and Interurban Trail, both which parallel the railroad tracks and occur between the river and proposed project area. The primary source of wetland hydrology along SW 27th Street is groundwater inflow. ' Stormwater runoff associated with precipitation events is another primary contributor, which is typical in urban areas with extensive impervious surfaces. Stormwater drainage facilities such as catch basins along the road were observed as providing stormwater ' connectivity to wetlands. However, these primarily large wetlands extend quite far outside the project area and are also influenced by the presence of floodplain and groundwater input due to their low topographical position relative to the watershed. Most ' wetlands along SW 27th Street are within the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) mapped floodplain associated with Springbrook Creek, but floodplain influence has been reduced due to urban development and related activities. Significant floodplain modifications are primarily due to the Black River Pump Station, which prevents high flows from the Green River from backing up into the Black River and Springbrook Creek. 4.5.3 Topography The topography varies little along the proposed alignment given its location within the Green/Duwamish River valley. The U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) map that includes the proposed project area does not depict contour lines anywhere along the proposed ' alignment except for contour lines delineating railroad beds. Approximate elevation within the proposed project area is 20 feet above mean sea level. O:\PROJECT\P\PERT0000-0003\0500Delv\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04)doc Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 30 August 2004 ' Biological Assessment 5.0 SPECIES ANALYSIS 5.1 Puget Sound Chinook ' Federal Status The Puget Sound Chinook salmon is listed as a threatened species in Washington under the ESA. NOAA Fisheries is the lead regulatory agency for this listing under the ESA. ' Occurrence The Green/Duwamish River basin Chinook salmon is considered a composite stock with contributions from both hatchery and natural production. The naturally reproducing component of this stock contains a mixture of both wild and hatchery Chinook. The life- cycle timing of Green/Duwamish River Chinook salmon as described by Williams et al. ' (1975) is presented in Table 8. Data collected and analyzed by the Muckleshoot Indian Tribe in the Duwamish River indicate young of the year (YOY) Chinook salmon smolts start entering the estuary by March 24 and are present through late August, with a peak in mid May (Warner and Fritz, 1995). An influx of hatchery fish occurs in late April and early May. Chinook salmon in the estuary are composed of yearlings, YOY, and fry. The presence of yearling Chinook in the estuary may be the result of hatchery practices, ' while the presence of fry may be the result of spring freshets. Furthermore, small yearlings captured in February, March, and April are from fish planting that occur above the Howard Hanson Dam that are typically flushed downstream when the reservoir is ' drained in November and December. Table 8: Life-Cycle Timing of Green/Duwamish River Chinook Salmon Green/Duwamish River J F M I A I M I J I J I A I S 1 O` 1 N D Summer-Fall Chinook -Upstream Migration -Spawning -Intra ravel Development 9 P l � lllll � � 11111111111 -Juvenile Rearing -Juvenile Outmi ration g 111 � � � 11111 � � 1 � � ' Chinook salmon have been documented in Springbrook Creek and observed attempting to spawn near the SW 27th Street crossing over Springbrook Creek during the fall of 1997 (P. Schnieder pers. comm.; as reported in Kerwin and Nelson, 2000). During 1994, the earliest an adult Chinook salmon was captured at the BRPS was September 17, while the latest was October 22. A total of 14 were caught in this time period. Thirteen of these were tagged and released, while the 14th was released without being tagged. Only one of these fish was recovered in Springbrook Creek, about 4.1 miles upstream of the BRPS near 84th Avenue SE. No data for juvenile outmigration are available for ' Springbrook Creek because none have been captured at the BRPS, thus indicating they may not successfully spawn in this system. 0:\PROJECT\P\PERT0000-0003\050ODely\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04)doc Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 31 August 2004 Biological Assessment Spawning ground survey data for Springbrook Creek (09-0005) and Garrison Creek (09- 0022) obtained from the WDFW for 1975, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1982, 1984, 1985, and 1986 documented 12 salmon, one of which was a Chinook (WDFW, 2003a). This single observation was of a dead Chinook salmon on December 11, 1975, in the lower 1 mile of Garrison Creek. No other Chinook salmon were observed during these surveys, and no redds of any species were documented. ' Harza(1995) concluded that most, if not all, Chinook salmon entering Springbrook Creek are fish migrating to the Green River Hatchery that strayed into the Springbrook Creek ' basin. They also concluded that habitat in Springbrook Creek is not well-suited for Chinook salmon and that few or no Chinook salmon rear in this system (Harza, 1995). However, adult Chinook salmon migrate upstream through the Lower Green River and ' outmigrating juvenile Chinook salmon rear in the Lower Green River, but no spawning habitat occurs in the action area. 5.2 Coastal/Puget Sound Bull Trout Federal Status The bull trout is listed as a threatened species under the ESA. The USFWS is the lead regulatory agency for this species under the ESA. ' Critical Habitat The USFWS has proposed critical habitat for Washington's Coastal-Puget Sound ' population of bull trout. The Puget Sound Management Unit includes all watersheds within the Puget Sound basin and the marine near-shore areas of Puget Sound. Specific areas are those that contain spawning, rearing, foraging, or over-wintering habitat to ' support essential existing bull trout local populations, or movement corridors necessary for maintaining essential migratory life-history forms. The mainstem of the Lower Green River could be considered foraging habitat for anadromous bull trout. Springbrook Creek does not provide any essential habitat for bull trout and is considered unsuitable for this species due to degraded water quality and an absence of suitable habitat. Occurrence ' Bull trout were first documented in the Green/Duwamish River during the mid-1800s in the lower reaches and upstream to RM 35.0 (Suckey and Copper, 1860; as reported in ' Kerwin, and Nelson, 2000). However, the occurrence of a reproducing population of bull trout in the Green/Duwamish River basin has not been documented, and the current status of bull trout to this basin is uncertain (WDFW, 1998). Recent surveys conducted upstream of the Howard Hanson Dam have not captured any bull trout (Watson and Toth, 1994 as reported in Kerwin and Nelson, 2000). Assuming a bull trout population was historically established in the Green/Duwamish River basin, it appears to have been extirpated as a result of dam and water diversion construction projects during the early 1900s. No evidence of a reproducing population of bull trout exists, but bull trout are occasionally captured in the Green/Duwamish River basin. Captures tend to be of individual bull trout and have occurred in the estuary and as far upstream as RM 40.0. r O:\PROJECT\P\PERT0000-0003\050ODcly\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04)doc Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 32 August 2004 ' Biological Assessment The most recent bull trout captured in the Green/Duwamish River was on May 24, 1994, during a beach seining event near RM 5.0 (Warner and Fritz, 1995). This adult bull trout was feeding on juvenile Chinook salmon that were outmigrating at that time. Although it is unlikely that bull trout reproduce in the Green/Duwamish River basin, opportunistic anadromous char occasionally utilize the river during periods of juvenile salmonid ' outmigration when prey is most abundant. The WDFW has not documented bull trout in Springbrook Creek during their salmon spawning surveys (WDFW, 2003a). Harza (1995) did not capture any bull trout in ' Springbrook Creek during their electrofishing or trapping efforts near the BRPS. Habitat conditions in Springbrook Creek are considered unfavorable for bull trout primarily due to elevated stream temperature, high percentage of fines in available gravels, and overall rlow elevation of its headwaters. ' 5.3 Bald Eagle Federal Status ' The bald eagle is listed as a threatened species in Washington under the ESA. The USFWS is the lead regulatory agency for this listing under the ESA. ' Occurrence The USFWS has reported that wintering bald eagles may occur in the project vicinity (Appendix A). The WDFW PHS data obtained for this project did not include any bald ' eagle nesting territories, wintering roosts, or other documented bald eagle use in the vicinity of the project area (WDFW, 2003b). However, bald eagles are known to occasionally fly over the action area and perch on larger trees, where they could potentially feed on carrion, salmonids, waterfowl, and eastern cottontail rabbits. Bald eagles have also been known to prey on great blue herons at the BRPS colony. ' 6.0 CONSERVATION MEASURES 6.1 Stormwater Quality and Quantity The design of stormwater detention and treatment facilities will be based on the Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington (Ecology, 2001), while stormwater conveyance will be in accordance to the Surface Water Design Manual(King County, 1998). All stormwater facilities will provide enhanced treatment. All stormwater facilities will consist of underground vaults buried within the ROW, except for one 50,000-square-foot detention pond near the railroad tracks. BMPs will ' incorporate elements of Best Management Practices Field Guide for ESA 4(d) Habitat Protection (WSDOT, 2004b). Runoff from approximately 2.0 acres of PGIS would discharge to the Green River, and approximately 7.9 acres would discharge to Springbrook Creek. No new outfalls to either the Lower Green River or Springbrook Creek will be required as existing outfalls in the action area will be utilized. The stormwater facilities would be designed to capture and treat runoff, and to mitigate for increased flows from runoff. The facilities would be designed for "enhanced treatment' as defined by Ecology (2001), which is oriented to provide a high rate of O:\PROJEC nP\PERT0000-0003\0500Dely\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04)doc Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 33 August 2004 Biological Assessment ' removal of dissolved metals. Other treatment objectives using enhanced treatment methods, also referred to as BMPs, would be to remove sediment, petroleum products, and nutrients from stormwater. The project will treat a total of 204 percent of the total PGIS (9.2 acres) according to the "enhanced treatment" standards. With the existing treatment of 0.3 acres, a total of 9.5 acres of PGIS (out of 9.9 acres) will be treated, which includes "enhanced treatment" of the existing 5.4 acres of PGIS currently in the project footprint. The treatment methods would consist of the following options: • Wetpools - These provide runoff treatment by allowing settling of particulates during ' quiescent conditions (known as sedimentation), by biological uptake, and vegetation removal; • Biofilitration - This uses vegetation in conjunction with slow and shallow-depth flow for runoff treatment. As runoff passes through the vegetation, pollutants are removed through the combination effects of filtration, infiltration, and/or settling. These effects are aided by the reduction of the velocity of stormwater as it passes through the biofilter; and • Filtration—This can be done through the use of several media including sand, perlite, zeolite, and carbon. These treatment processes would be created into treatment facilities (e.g., structural ' BMPs), such as wetponds, wetvaults, constructed (treatment facilities) wetlands, filter strips, biofilitration swales, sand filters, and media filters. The stormwater treatment facility BMPs would use one or more of these types of systems. ' Detention facilities would be provided to mitigate increased flows from runoff and the corresponding potential for stream erosion. The main element of detention design would be the development of runoff hydrographs and sizing the storage volume. The detention sizing methodology uses a continuous simulation modeling of multiple storm events occurring in sequence. This modeling software is named Western Washington ' Hydrologic Model (WWHM). The WWHM is based upon the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Hydrologic Simulation Program — Fortran model, and uses long-term (43 to 50 years)precipitation data to simulate the potential impacts of sequential storms. The computational time step used in the model is one hour. The WWHM uses soil types to determine initial abstraction values and interception, and it assumes that predeveloped land conditions are forested. The detention facilities would be designed to match the ' developed discharge rates from 50 percent of the 2-year peak flow up to the full 50-year peak flow. In addition, detention facilities would be designed to mitigate the developed peak discharge rates for the 2-, 10-, and 50-year return periods. There is an existing drainage pond located at the northeast corner of SW 27th Street and Oakesdale Avenue SW. This pond is at too high an elevation, which limits the amount of area that has runoff directed to it, and would consequently not be used. 0:\PROJECT\P\PERT0000-0003\0500Dely\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04)doc Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 34 August 2004 Biological Assessment 6.1.2 Impact Reduction Measures during Construction To reduce potential impacts on surface waters resulting from construction activities, management techniques and control facilities to be used during construction would be incorporated. These facilities would be of sufficient size, strength and durability to readily outlast the longest possible construction schedule and worst anticipated rainfall condition. Mitigation would include the prompt implementation of an SWPPP, with facilities designed and constructed to reduce flows, and capture pollutants and sediment- laden runoff prior to discharge to local surface waters. ' Several BMP facilities and management techniques would be implemented to mitigate the increase in flows generated from the construction site. The BMPs used in the course of construction include would vary depending on the construction site conditions, which can change over time and by season. The BMPs to be used in the course of construction include: ' • Provide temporary and permanent seeding to areas outside of the pavement limits; • Provide temporary mulching or plastic coverings of exposed areas and stockpile locations; • Provide temporary silt traps, or sediment trapping ponds/vaults; • Construct temporary silt fences and/or straw wattles; ' • Discharge runoff through grassed/plant buffer areas; • Implement a SWPPP throughout the duration of construction, which includes maintaining and cleaning facilities, and cleaning them after significant storm events. A TESC plan will be developed and implemented before the commencement of ground disturbing activities. This plan will be developed to manage and prevent erosion and ' sediment from leaving the construction site or entering streams and/or wetlands. The TESC plan will utilize the BMPs outlined in the revised WSDOT HRM (WSDOT, 2004a)to achieve this goal. Erosion and sediment control BMPs to be implemented will include: compost berm/blanket, filter fence, seeding, fertilizing, mulching, and vegetation preservation. As an interim measure before the re-establishment of vegetation and during construction, filter fences will be installed where appropriate, such as at the toe of slopes and perimeter of exposed soils to minimize sediment from entering waters of the State. The filter fences will be checked periodically following storms, and will be cleaned and repaired as required to maintain proper function. ' For control of pollutants other than sediment (e.g., petroleum products, solvents, and waste)the contractor will develop and submit to the engineer for review and approval, an SPCC plan. This plan will address activities such as waste disposal methods and locations, control of oil, gasoline, and solvents used in the operation and maintenance of vehicles and machinery; emergency spill control and containment measures; material storage; and waste accumulation. The SPCC plan will detail how pollution from these activities will be prevented from entering waters of the State. As necessary, the contractor will be responsible to revise the plans to conform to their actual operations, 0:\PROJECT\P\PERT0000-0003\0500Dely\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04)doc Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 35 August 2004 Biological Assessment ' and unanticipated activities as construction progresses. The contractor-provided SPCC plan must be submitted and approved by the WSDOT Region before any staging area is utilized or operations are begun. 6.1.2.1 Construction Conservation and Performance Measures • A Temporary Erosion and Sediment Control (TESC) Plan and Stormwater Site Plan will be developed and implemented. • An SPCC plan will be developed and implemented for the project to ensure that all pollutants and products will be controlled and contained. • Construction impacts will be confined to the minimum area necessary to complete the ' project. • All BMPs will be installed according to Ecology and WSDOT standards and will be ' inspected and maintained throughout the life of the project. • No contractor staging areas will be allowed within 200 feet of any jurisdictional wetland, stream, river or drainage unless site-specific review completed by the project ' biologist indicates that no impacts to the sensitive resource areas will occur due to topography or other factors. • Temporary fills will be entirely removed and the site restored. • Wash water resulting from wash down of equipment or work areas will be contained for proper treatment and/or disposal, and will not be directly discharged into state waters. • There will be no discharge of oil, fuels, or chemicals to surface waters, or onto land where there is a potential for reentry into surface waters. • No cleaning solvents or chemicals used for tools or equipment cleaning will be discharged to ground or surface waters. • The contractor will regularly check fuel hoses, oil drums, oil or fuel transfer valves, fittings, etc. for leaks, and will maintain and store materials properly to prevent spills. r • BMPs will be used on all project activities to control and prevent sediments from entering aquatic systems. ' 6.2 Pile Driving and Removal Measures • The preferred pile driving method is by the use of vibratory equipment, however, an ' impact driver may be used. • All new piles and other project components will be steel or another non-toxic ' alternative(such as untreated wood). • Excess or waste materials will not be disposed of or abandoned waterward of OHWM or allowed to enter waters of the state, as per WAC 220-110-070. O:\PROJECT\P\PERT0000-0003\0500Dely\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04)doc Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 36 August 2004 Biological Assessment ' • If any creosote treated material is discovered such as pile stubs, and associated soils, they will be disposed of by the contractor in a landfill which meets the liner and leachate standards of the Minimum Functional Standards, Chapter 173-304 WAC. 6.3 Wetland Mitigation The proposed project incorporated avoidance and minimization measures where practicable, while meeting the purpose and need of the project. However, 2.02 acres of unavoidable wetland impacts would result from project construction. Approximately 3.8 acres of wetland creation would be required based on Ecology mitigation ratios (Table 9). Wetland enhancement could also be used as partial compensation for wetland impacts, and would likely reduce the required amount of wetland creation as long as the project ensures no net loss of wetlands. The use of wetland enhancement for compensation should be based on the amount of functional benefit that would be provided through enhancement based on specific characteristics of the mitigation site. Table 9. Mitigation Required per Ecology Replacement Ratios Wetland Impacts Wetland Creation Wetland Area Ecology Area Category (ac) Ratio Required (ac) 1 0 4:1 0 ' II 1.53 2:1 3.06 111 0.49 1-1.5:1 0.74 IV 0 0.75-1.25:1 0 TOTAL 2.02 3.80 Wetland mitigation ratios established in the Tukwila and Renton Municipal Codes differ slightly from Ecology ratios. The City of Renton establishes ratios per its wetland classification system then further defines ratios depending on the wetland vegetation class. The City of Tukwila Municipal Code establishes a replacement ratio of 1.5:1 independent of wetland class. However, modifications to Type 1 and 2 wetlands are subject to administrative review and approval by the City of Tukwila and more stringent mitigation ratios may be required. Required mitigation following the local jurisdiction ratios is provided in Table 10. ' Table 10. Mitigation Required per Local Jurisdiction Ratios Wetland Impacts Wetland Creation Wetland Area Ecology Area Category (ac) Ratio Required (ac) Renton 0.004 4:1 0.016 Category 2 ' Forested Renton 0.012 1.5:1 0.018 Category 3 (Forested) Tukwila (All 2.006 1.5:1 3.000 Types) TOTAL 2.022 - 3.009 0:\PROJECT\P\PERT0000-0003\0500Dely\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04).doc Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 37 August 2004 ' Biological Assessment Wetland buffer enhancement would also be required to compensate for buffer impacts. The extent of required buffer enhancement is determined by each local jurisdiction and is based on improving functional attributes of the impacted buffer. For example, the City of Renton requires that enhanced buffers are not less than 25 feet wide and that greater reductions require a variance from the sensitive areas regulations on a per-project basis. The City of Renton owns property suitable for wetland mitigation near the proposed project. These areas are being considered for inclusion in a wetland mitigation bank. Credits generated from the bank could compensate for impacts associated with the proposed project. However, mitigation bank approval can be a time consuming process compared to concurrent mitigation projects. Land located between Springbrook Creek and the Green/Duwamish River under consideration for the wetland bank may be used for concurrent mitigation to compensate for impacts associated with the proposed project. The City of Renton and WSDOT are currently working to develop the prospectus required before final approval is granted. 7.0 EFFECTS ANALYSIS ' 7.1 Salmonid Impacts 7.1.1 Direct Effects ' No in-water work is proposed although a new flapgate will be installed on an existing stormwater outlet in Springbrook Creek. The installation of the flapgate can be done without conducting in-water work. The action area is within the Lower Green River watershed, downstream of potential salmonid spawning habitat. Therefore, no impacts to potential spawning habitat will occur. The project footprint includes 19.49 acres, plus an addition 1.15 acres for one stormwater pond, the remaining stormwater facilities will consist of underground vaults buried under the roadway ROW. The stormwater pond will be constructed to the south of Strander Boulevard between the railroad tracks on City of Renton land composed of upland grasses and shrubs. The 19.49-acre footprint includes 5.4 acres of existing PGIS, but the project will result in 4.5 acres of new PGIS. The implementation of BMPs and conservation measures outlined above in Section 6.0 will reduce the likelihood of water quality and hydrology impacts affecting listed salmonids during either construction or operation of the new roadway. The project will result in clearing 13.28 acres of currently undeveloped land. The 13.28 acres includes ' 5.21 acres of currently disturbed areas such as cleared fields, 4.42 acres of wetlands and their associated buffers, 2.32 acres of planter strips and grassy areas near builds, and 1.33 acres of forest. Included within the 13.28 acres are 2.02 acres of delineated wetlands. Wetland impacts will be mitigated through wetland replacement. Wetlands to be impacted do not provide rearing habitat or refugia for salmonids. 7.1.2 Indirect Effects Indirect effects are those effects occurring later in time, usually following project ' construction. The project is designed to increase passenger and freight mobility, increase safety, and reduce congestion. While the project has not been designed to specifically induce growth, it is anticipated to affect the rate, timing, and location of growth by 0:\PROJECT\P\PERT0000-0003\0500Delv\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04).doc Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 38 August 2004 Biological Assessment providing access to currently inaccessible areas. The project corridor passes through some undeveloped parcels; however, these areas are zoned commercial/industrial, are rapidly converting to these uses, and access could be constructed to these areas independently of the proposed action. Improved access could facilitate this conversion, and both Sound Transit and the Boeing Company have interests in undeveloped land immediately adjacent to the project route. Projects that increase the amount of new impervious surface have the potential to impact salmonids. A total of 4.5 acres of new PGIS will be created during construction. However, designing stormwater facilities to enhanced standards as specified by the Ecology (2001) manual will minimize water quality and hydrology impacts. The Conservation Measures outlined in Section 6.0 will be implemented to reduce or eliminate potential water quality and hydrology impacts to listed species by the increase in the new PGIS associated with this project. Overall, a slight improvement in water ' quality is expected with the addition of stormwater quality facilities that provide enhanced treatment based on Ecology(2001) standards. ' 7.1.3 Effects to Baseline Conditions Based on this analysis, most baseline conditions will be maintained. Minor degradation of the sediment, and chemical contamination and nutrients indicators could occur during I construction if untreated runoff reaches either Springbrook Creek or the Green River, but this would be short-term and negligible considering that BMPs will be in place to reduce or eliminate the likelihood of untreated runoff reaching these waterways. There could be a change in the rate, duration, and frequency of flow discharging to the Green River and Springbrook Creek due to detention facilities being constructed. The surface hydrology impacts would vary depending on the type and location of the receiving waters. 1 Springbrook Creek would experience minimal impacts because the water levels and subsequent flows in the creek are and would continue to be regulated by a pump station and not this project. The Green River would experience minimal impacts since most of the project area would not direct storm runoff to this river, and because of the very large flow capacity compared to any flows that might be directed from the Strander Boulevard project area. A lessening of sediment discharge into Springbrook Creek and the Green River would also occur due to the addition of sediment-capturing facilities (e.g. wetvaults or wetponds). Overall, a slight improvement in water quality is expected with the ' addition of stormwater quality facilities. The increase in drainage network, road density and location, and disturbance indicators will be degraded. Although these three indicators will be degraded, the use of enhanced treatment per Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington (Ecology, 2001) standards on 204 percent of the project's PGIS will reduce the likelihood of associated water quality and quantity impacts adversely affecting listed salmomds. The following salmonid effects matrix has been ' developed to summarize potential project-related direct and indirect effects to baseline conditions (Table 11). 0:\PROJECT\P\PERT0000-0003\0500Dely\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04).&c Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 39 August 2004 Biological Assessment Table 11: Salmonid Habitat Project Effects Matrix INDICATORS PROJECT EFFECTS TO PATHWAY BASELINE CONDITIONS BASELINE CONDITIONS Lower Green Springbrook Springbrook River Creek Green River Creek Water Quality Temperature FAR NPF maintain maintain . .. .. --—--- — ---- - --...._............. ......._........._......... Sediment FAR NPF maintain maintain- _.._..._ . ._ .._... _ - --— -------- -- --- .................. __.-...._........__ - ------- --- ----- -- -.... _...._.. - ._.._._.... Chemical Contamination&Nutrients NPF NPF maintain- maintain- Habitat Access Physical Barriers PF NPF maintain maintain Habitat Elements Substrate FAR NPF maintain maintain ..._._.._.. __-------------- --- -------- --._.......--- _ LWD NPF NPF maintain maintain Pool Frequency ND NPF maintain maintain -......__..............._............_...._.... .----—_ Pool Quality — -_ ---- FAR— NPF maintain maintain _..---- -- — ._...----- —- -----._..._._.........._....................... -- Off-Channel Habitat NPF NPF maintain maintain Refugia NPF NPF maintain maintain ' Channel Conditions and Width/Depth Ratio ND ND maintain maintain Dynamics --- -------...-..............._.__............................-...---._._.._.. —.- ---- ...__._..._......_._—.._._._._..__... --.............-- ..._....._—- Streambank Condition ND(npf) ND(npf) maintain maintain —---- _..__... .._._..-._.._.._.......__.._.__..._....-...................... - — - --------._..._........-...--..............._..._.__....._......--.._..._._.__.._..__.._..--.. Floodplain Connectivity NPF NPF maintain maintain Flow/Hydrology Change in Peak/Base Flows NPF NPF maintain maintain- _...._._..._._.._.........--..I.....__._....._.....- --- - -- —------..----.......- ..—.-._..-_._..__..._.___....-- ........ --._... -...._—.._.. Increase in Drainage Network NPF NPF degrade degrade Watershed Conditions Road Density and Location NPF NPF degrade degrade ...--......._.........._........._......_._._.... __..._-- - ---- -..._................. _—._... - .. Disturbance History _ NPF — NPF — degrade degrade ...._...-....._._...__.. ..._...----.�_. _ ---- --- --.—_.._..._... Riparian Reserve NPF NPF maintain maintain ' Bull Trout Subpopulation Subpopulation Size NPF NPF-NA maintain maintain Characteristics within Subpopulation Watersheds Growth and Survival NPF NPF-NA maintain maintain ..__....-........_._......__._____—.._ Life History Diversity and Isolation NPF NPF-NA maintain maintain -- --------- — ---- --..._..._....._....._.------.._._._------------- — Persistence and Genetic Integrity NPF NPF-NA maintain maintain — -------- ^.._ .._..—_._..._.......-- —. Species Integration/Habitat NPF NPF-NA maintain maintain Conditions Key: Note. Temperature indicator can become not properly functioning during warm/dry periods. Note. -indicates a negligible change possible PF=Properly Functioning FAR=Functioning At Risk NPF=Not Properly Functioning/Functioning at Unacceptable Risk ND=No Data NA=No Bull Trout or Suitable Habitat Present In summary, all stormwater facilities will provide enhanced treatment per Ecology(2001) standards. All stormwater facilities will consist of underground vaults buried within the ROW, except for one 50,000-square-foot detention pond near the railroad tracks in an area consisting of upland grasses and shrubs. Project BMPs will incorporate elements of Best Management Practices Field Guide for ESA 4(d) Habitat Protection (WSDOT, 2004b). Runoff from approximately 2.0 acres of PGIS would discharge to the Green River, and approximately 7.9 acres would discharge to Springbrook Creek. No in-water i 0:\PROJECTIP\PERTOOOO-0003\0500Dclv\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04).&c Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 40 August 2004 Biological Assessment ' work will occur and no new outfalls to either the Lower Green River or Springbrook Creek will be required as existing outfalls in the action area will be utilized. Wetland impacts will be fully mitigated as coordination between the City of Renton and WSDOT 1 is ongoing to develop the prospectus required prior to final approval. 7.2 Bald Eagle No bald eagle nesting or roosting habitat will be impacted by the project. High use winter foraging habitat (where regular or large concentrations of eagles occur) will not be impacted by the project. A low number of structurally suitable bald eagle perch trees may be removed during the project. However, due to the existing levels of disturbance, regular bald eagle use is not expected in the action area. Therefore, the loss of these trees iwill, at most, have a negligible effect on bald eagles. Required wetland mitigation will offset wetland impacts, potentially improving waterfowl habitat and providing additional foraging opportunities for eagles. Project-related disturbance during construction and operation of the project is not expected to affect nesting bald eagles due to the distance of existing nests from the project area. Bald eagles occasionally utilize the action area where existing levels of disturbance are relatively high. Due to existing land use, most of the project-related activities are not expected to significantly increase ambient noise or visual disturbance levels. Pile driving is expected to result in the most significant noise increase within the action area. Temporary increases in disturbance levels may result in reduced eagle foraging within the action area. However, eagle presence in the action area is uncommon. Any eagles that might be present during pile driving activities are expected to shift their foraging activities to adjacent areas with lower disturbance levels. Long- term increases in disturbance from the roadway extension will be insignificant given the existing noise levels are not expected to degrade eagle foraging areas. 7.3 Interrelated and Interdependent Actions An interrelated action is part of a larger action and depends on the larger action for its justification. An interdependent action has no utility apart from the proposed project. No project-related phasing or regionally connected activities are known to be associated with this project. Therefore,no interrelated or interdependent actions are known to exist. 8.0 ESSENTIAL FISH HABITAT 8.1 Background The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (MSA), as amended by the Sustainable Fisheries Act of 1996, requires Federal agencies to consult with NOAA Fisheries on activities that may adversely affect essential fish habitat (EFH). The Pacific Fisheries Management Council (PFMC) has designated EFH for the Pacific Salmon Fishery and federally managed groundfish and coastal pelagic fisheries (NOAA Fisheries, 1999; PFMC, 1999). Federal agencies must consult with NOAA Fisheries on all activities, authorized, funded, or undertaken by the agency that may adversely affect EFH. Project-related activities occur near the freshwater environment. The action area 0:\PROJECfIP\PERT0000-0003\050ODeIv\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04).doc Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 41 August 2004 Biological Assessment includes portions of Springbrook Creek and the Lower Green River, but not marine waters. Therefore, the analysis addresses the Pacific Salmon Fishery, including Chinook, coho, and pink salmon. 8.2 Description of EFH The EFH designation for the Pacific salmon fishery includes all those streams, lakes, ponds, wetlands, and other water bodies currently or historically accessible to salmon in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and California, except above the impassible barriers identified by PFMC (1999). In the estuarine and marine areas, proposed designated EFH for salmon extends from nearshore and tidal submerged environments within state territorial waters out to the full extent of the exclusive economic zone offshore of Washington, Oregon, and California north of Point Conception (PFMC, 1999). 8.3 Potential Adverse Effects Potential impacts to salmonids from the proposed project are addressed in Section 7.0. The same impacts identified in the ESA analysis are anticipated to apply to the designated EFH for Pacific salmon. Potential adverse short-term and long-term impacts to water quality will be minimized by implementation of the conservation measures previously outlined and those specified in the Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington manual (Ecology, 2001). A total of 204 percent of the project's PGIS will be treated to the "enhanced treatment" standard. Wetlands to be impacted do not provide rearing habitat for salmonids. Wetland impacts will be fully mitigated, and no in-water work is proposed. 9.0 DETERMINATION OF EFFECTS Review of existing literature and data, results from the field investigation indicate that neither Puget Sound Chinook salmon or bull trout are established in Springbrook Creek. Chinook salmon do use the Lower Green River for migration and rearing. Bull trout are occasionally documented in the Lower Green River, but these are foraging adults and no known bull trout population occurs in the Green River watershed. Low numbers of foraging bald eagles may occur in the action area. 9.1 Chinook Salmon The proposed project may affect, but is not likely to adversely affect Chinook salmon. This project may affect Chinook salmon because: • Approximately 2.02 acres of wetlands will be impacted; • Approximately 4.5 acres of new PGIS will be created; and • The Lower Green River is used for adult upstream migration, and juvenile rearing and outmigration. This project is not likely to adversely affect Chinook salmon because: _ 0:\PROJECT%PERT0000-0003\0500Dcly\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04).doc Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 42 August 2004 Biological Assessment • No in-water work is proposed; • Work near the OHWM of Springbrook Creek is limited to the addition of a flapgate on an existing stormwater outlet; • Suitable spawning habitat for Chinook salmon does not exist in the action area; • A self-sustaining population of Chinook salmon does not exist in Springbrook Creek; • Wetlands to be impacted do not provide salmonid habitat; and • Stormwater treatment facilities will meet Ecology (2001) "enhanced treatment" standards and treat 204 percent of the project's PGIS. 9.2 Bull Trout The proposed project may affect, but is not likely to adversely affect bull trout. This project may affect bull trout because: • Approximately 2.02 acres of wetlands will be impacted; ' • Approximately 4.5 acres of new PGIS will be created; and • Foraging bull trout have been documented in the Lower Green River. This project is not likely to adversely affect bull trout because: • No in-water work is proposed; • Work near the OHWM of Springbrook Creek is limited to the addition of a flapgate on an existing stormwater outlet; • Use of the Lower Green River by bull trout is extremely limited; • No known existing population has been documented in the Green River; • Bull trout do not utilize Springbrook Creek nor does suitable habitat exist; • Wetlands to be impacted do not provide salmonid habitat; and • Stormwater treatment facilities will meet Ecology(2001) "enhanced treatment" standards and treat 204 percent of the project's PGIS. 9.3 Bald Eagle The proposed project may affect, but is not likely to adversely affect bald eagles. This 1 project may affect bald eagles because: • Foraging bald eagles could potentially use the action area; and • Pile driving is proposed. This project is not likely to adversely affect bald eagles because: • No suitable nesting or roosting habitat will be impacted; 0:\PROJECT\P\PERT0000-0003\0500Delv\Final BA 082504Tmal BA(8-25-04).dm Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 43 August 2004 Biological Assessment • Higher quality eagle habitat than is present in the action area occurs in nearby areas outside the action area; • No nests have been documented in the action area; and • Potential impacts to salmonids will be minimized as described above. ' 9.4 Essential Fish Habitat i The proposed project will have no adverse affect on Pacific Salmon EFH. ■ • No in-water work is proposed; • Work near the OHWM of Springbrook Creek is limited to the addition of a flapgate on an existing stormwater outlet; • Wetlands to be impacted do not provide salmonid habitat; and • Stormwater treatment facilities will meet Ecology(2001) "enhanced treatment" standards and treat 204 percent of the project's PGIS. 9.5 Bull Trout Critical Habitat The proposed project is not likely to destroy or adversely modify proposed critical habitat for bull trout. Should critical habitat be designated prior to completion of the project, the project will have no effect on designated critical habitat for bull trout. • No in-water work is proposed; • Work near the OHWM of Springbrook Creek is limited to the addition of a flapgate on an existing stormwater outlet; • Wetlands to be impacted do not provide salmonid habitat; and • Stormwater treatment facilities will meet Ecology (2001) "enhanced treatment" standards and treat 204 percent of the project's PGIS. i 0:\PROJECr\P\PERT0000-0003\0500Deiv\Final BA 082504\Final BA(8-25-04).do Strander Boulevard Extension Project Page 44 August 2004 Biological Assessment 10.0 REFERENCES Cooke, Sarah Spear. 1997. A Field Guide to the Common Wetland Plants of Western Washington & Northwestern Oregon. Seattle Audubon Society. Seattle, Washington. David Evans and Associates (DEA). 2001. Stream Survey Report for Garrison Creek and Upper Springbrook Creek Culvert Replacement Project. Prepared for the Washington State Department of Transportation — Kent Field Office. Kent, Washington. Harza. 1995. Final Report — Comprehensive Fisheries Assessment of the Mill Creek, Garrison Creek and Springbrook Creek System. Prepared for the City of Kent, Washington. Hitchcock, C.L., and A. Cronquist, 1973. Flora of the Pacific Northwest. University of rWashington Press, Seattle,Washington. Johnson, David and O'Neil, Thomas. (Managing Directors). 2001. Wildlife — Habitat 1 Relationships in Oregon and Washington. ISBN 0-87071-488-0. Oregon State University Press. Corvallis, Oregon. Kerwin, John and Nelson, Tom S. (Eds.). 2000. Habitat Limiting Factors and Reconnaissance Assessment Report, Green/Duwamish and Central Puget Sound Watersheds (WRIA 9 Vashon Island). Washington Conservation Commission and the King County Department of Natural Resources. National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA Fisheries). 1999. Federal Register, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 50 CFR Part 660. Department of Commerce, Washington D.C. 1 National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA Fisheries). 1996. Making Endangered Species Act Determinations of Effect for Individual or Grouped Actions at the Watershed Scale. National Marine Fisheries Service, Environmental and Technical Services Division,Habitat Conservation Branch. Lacey,WA. Pacific Fisheries Management Council (PFMC). 1999. Amendment 14 to the Pacific Coast Salmon Plan. Appendix A. Identification and Description of Essential Fish Habitat, Adverse Impacts, and Recommended Conservation Measures for Salmon. Pacific Fisheries Management Council. Portland, OR. Pojar, J., and A. MacKinnon. 1994. Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast. B.C. Ministry of Forests and Lone Pine Publishing. Redmond,Washington. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2000. Recovery Plan for the Golden Paintbrush (Castilleia levisecta . U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,Portland,Oregon. 51 pp. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 1998a. Recovery Plan for Marsh Sandwort (Arenaria paludicola) and Gambel's Watercress (Rorippa ambelii . U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,Portland, Oregon. 50 pp. +appendices. ' U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 1998b. A Framework to Assist in Making Endangered Species Act Determinations of Effect for Individual or Grouped Actions at the Bull Trout Subpopulation Watershed Scale. Lacey, WA. Warner, Eric and Fritz, Robert. 1995. The Distribution and Growth of Green River Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in the Duwamish Estuary as a Function of Water Quality and Substrate. Prepared for the Muckleshoot Indian Tribe — Fisheries Department, Auburn, Washington. Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology). 2001. Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington. Olympia,WA. Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology). 1993. Washington State Wetlands Rating System, Western Washington (2nd ed.). Publication #93-74. Washington State Department of Ecology, Olympia,Washington. Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW). 2003a. Salmon Spawning Ground Survey Data. Email response to data request by David Evans and Associates, Inc. from Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Olympia, Washington. Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW). 2003b. Priority Habitat and Species data for the Strander Boulevard Extension Project. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Olympia,Washington. Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW). 1998. Washington Salmonid Stock Inventory, Bull Trout/Dolly Varden. WDFW,Olympia,Washington. Washington State Department of Natural Resources(WDNR). 2003. Results of data search for the Strander Boulevard Extension project. Letter Received July 10, 2003. Washington Natural Heritage Program. Olympia,Washington. Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). 2004a. Highway Runoff Manual,M31-16. Olympia,WA. Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). 2004b. WSDOT Field Guide for Water Quality and Habitat Protection. Olympia,WA. Williams, R.W., R.M. Laramie, and J.J. Ames. 1975. A Catalog of Washington Streams and Salmon Utilization, Vol. 2, Coastal Region. Washington Department of Fisheries,Olympia,WA. 1 APPENDIX A AGENCY CORRESPONDENCE 1 t 1 1 1 i rage i of .5 LISTED AND PROPOSED ENDANGERED AND THREATENED SPECIES AND CRITICAL HABITAT; CANDIDATE SPECIES; AND SPECIES OF CONCERN IN WESTERN WASHINGTON AS PREPARED BY 1 THE U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE WESTERN WASHINGTON FISH AND WILDLIFE OFFICE (Revised April 8, 2004) KING COUNTY LISTED Wintering bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)occur in the county. Wintering activities occur from October 31 through March 31. There are five bald eagle communal winter night roosts located in the county. There are two bald eagle wintering concentrations located in the county along the Skykomish-Beckler- Tye Rivers and Foss River. There are 38 bald eagle nesting territories located in the county. Nesting activities occur from about January 1 through August 15. Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) occur in the county. Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis)may occur in the county. Gray wolves (Canis lupus)may occur in the county. Grizzly bears(Ursus arctos= U. a. horribilis)may occur in the county. Marbled murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus)occur in the county.Nesting murrelets occur from April 1 through September 15. Northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) occur in the county throughout the year. Major concerns that should be addressed in your Biological Assessment of project impacts to listed species include: 1. Level of use of the project area by listed species. 2. Effect of the project on listed species'primary food stocks,prey species, and foraging areas in all areas influenced by the project. 3. Impacts from project activities and implementation (e.g., increased noise levels, increased human activity and/or access, loss or degradation of habitat) that may result in disturbance to listed species and/or their avoidance of the project area. Arenaria paludicola (marsh sandwort)may occur in the county. http://westemwashington.fws.gov/se/SE_List/KING.htm 7/6/2004 rage of s Castilleja levisecta (golden paintbrush) may occur in the county. Major concerns that should be addressed in a Biological Assessment of listed plant species include: 1. Distribution of taxon in project vicinity. 2. Disturbance (trampling, uprooting, collecting, etc.) of individual plants and loss of habitat. 3. Changes in hydrology where taxon is found. DESIGNATED Critical habitat for the northern spotted owl has been designated in King County. Critical habitat for the marbled murrelet has been designated in King County. PROPOSED None CANDIDATE Pacific fisher(Martes pennanti pacifica) Yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus) SPECIES OF CONCERN Beller's ground beetle(Agonum belleri) California wolverine (Gulo gulo luteus) Cascades frog(Rana cascadae) Hatch's click beetle (Eanus hatchi) Larch Mountain salamander(Plethodon larselli) Long-eared myotis(Myotis evotis) Long-legged myotis (Myotis volans) Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) Northern sea otter(Enhydra lutris kenyoni) Northwestern pond turtle(Emys (= Clemmys) marmorata marmorata) Olive-sided flycatcher(Contopus cooperi) Pacific lamprey(Lampetra tridentata) Pacific Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii townsendii) Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) River lamprey (Lampetra ayresi) Tailed frog(Ascaphus truei) Valley silverspot(butterfly) (Speyeria zerene bremeri) http://westernwashington.fws.gov/se/SE_List/KTNG.htm 7/6/2004 rage ..) m Western toad (Bu o boreas .f ) Aster curtus (white-top aster) Botrychium pedunculosum (stalked moonwort) Ctmicifuga elata (tall bugbane) http://westernwashington.fws.gov/se/SE_List/KING.htm 7/6/2004 ' Endangered Species Act Status of West Coast Salmon & Steelhead — — — Current L'ndun,t;errd — — Salmonill ESA Listin,t;Action, Lt'ulutiotlarils "i;untie-int I nit IPtit 1 SpeeieS tus Listing — _ — Spccics Status (o Review Revie 1 Snake River ESU • ESA Listing Status. Sockeve Salmon — (Oncorhynchas 2 Ozeue Lake ESU •_ESA Listing Status;Critical Habitat Designation nerka) 3 Baker River ESU _ - Vol Warranted 4 Okanogan River_ESU _ Nor Warranted 5 Lake Wenatchee ESU Not Warranted 6. _- Ouinal_t Lake ESU_ _ Vol Warranted___' 7 eke eaa t Not Warranted 8 Sacramento River Winter-run ESU _ESA Listing Scotus _ Chinook Salmon 9 Upper Columbia River Spnne-mn ESU • ESA Listing Status;Critical Habitat Designation (O.ishawyacha) 10 Snake River Spring/Summer-nun ESU ESA Listing Status_ I I Snake River Fall-con ESU ESA Listing Status 12 Puget Sound ESU _ ESA Listing Status;Critical Habitat Designation 13 Lower Columbia River ESU ESA Listing Status;Critical Habitat Designation_ 1 14 Upper Willamette River ESU ESA Listing Status Critical Habitat Designation IS Central Valley Spring-con ESU ESA Listing Status Critical Habitat Designation 16 California Coastal ESU _ ESA Listing Status,Critical Habitat Designation 17 Central Valley Fall and Late Fall-nu ES_O_ 18 Upper Klaniatli-Trinity Rivers ESU Not Warranted 19 Oregon Coast ESU Not Warranted 20 Washington Coast ESU Not Warranted it Middle Columbia River spring-con ESU Not Warranted 22 Upper Columbia River smmner/Call-con ESU Not Warranted ' 23 Southern Orcgon and Northern California Coastal ESU _Not Warranted 24 Deschutes River summer/fall-run ESU Not Warranted 25 Central California Coast ESU __ ESe\Listing Status__ i Coho Salmon 26 Southern Oregon/North m California ESU ESA Listing Status (O.kisatch) 27 Oregon Coast ESL _ESA Listing Status Critical Habitat Designation 28 Lower Columbia River ESL _ • ESA Listng Starts 29 Southwest Washington ESU Not Warranted 30 P_ueu_So_und/Strart of Georeia ESU 1 3l Olvinnic Peninsula E )Vol Warranted Chum Salmon 32 Hood Canal Summer-con ESU _ • ESA Listing Status;Critical Habitat Designation_ (O.keta) 33 Columbia River ESU • ESA Listing Status;Critical Habitat Designation 1 34 Puget Sound/Strait of Georgia_ESU — Not Warranted 35 Pacific Coast ESU Not Warranted 36 Southern California ESU • ESA Listing Status;Critical Habitat Designation teelhead _ -- (O.tnykiss) 37 Upper Columbia River ESU _ _ __FSA Listing Status;Critical Habitat Designation 38 Central California Coast ESU _ —— -- - -- ESA Listing Status;Critical Habitat Designation 39 South Central California Coast ESL ESA Listing Status;Critical Habitat Designation I 40 Snake River Basin ESU • ESA Listing Status Critical Habitat Designation 41 Lower Columbia River ESU _ • ESA Listing Status,Critical Habitat Designation 42 California C mml Valley ESU • ESA Listing Status Critical Habitat Designation 43 Lnper Willamette River ESU • ESA listing Status.Critical Habitat Designation 44 Middle Columbia River ESU • ESA Listing Status;Critical Habitat Designation 45 Northern California ESU • ESA Listing Status;Critical Habitat Designation 46 Oregon Coast ESU 47 Southwest Washington ESU Not Warranted 48 Olympic Peninsula ESL' Not Warranted 49 Puget Sound ESU — Not Warranted 50 Klamath Mountains Province ESU Not Warranted Pink Salmon(O.gorbuscha) 51 Exam-year Not Warranted 52 Odd-,e r Not Warranted ' Total?lumber of Listed ESUs= 26 Total Number of"Endangered"ESUs= S Total Number of"Threatened"ESUs = 11 Total Number of ESU Listings under Review = 27 Total\umber of ESU Critical Habitat Designations under Review = 20 I M Evolutionarily Significant Unit,or"ESU",is a distinctive group of Pacific salmon or stcelhcad. NDAA Fisheries considers an ESU a"species"under the Endangered Species Act. '. ,® WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENTOF ��® DOUG SUTHERLAND Natu ra 1 Resources Commissioner of Public Lands v ' July 10,2003 Scott Swarts David Evans and Associates Inc 415 — 118`h Ave SE Bellevue WA 98005 ' SUBJECT: Strander Boulevard Extension, Renton (T23N R04E S25; T23N R05E S30) We've searched the Natural Heritage Information System for information on significant natural features in your project area. Currently, we have no records for rare plants or high quality native ' ecosystems in the vicinity of your project_ The information provided by the Washington Natural Heritage Program is based solely on existing information in the database. In the absence of field inventories, we cannot state whether or not a given site contains high quality ecosystems or rare plant species; there may be significant natural features in your study area of which we are not aware. 1 The Washington Natural Heritage Program is responsible for information on the state's rare plants as well as high quality ecosystems. For information on animal species of concern, please contact Priority Habitats and Species, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way N, Olympia WA 98501-1091, or by phone (360) 902-2543. Please visit our intemet website at http://www.dnr.wa. og v/nhp for more information. Lists of rare plants and their status, as well as rare plant fact sheets, are available for download frotn the site. Please feel free to call me at (360) 902-1667 if you have any questions, or by e-mail at ' sandra.moody@wadnr.gov. Sincerely, 1yvl6d(f� iSandy Swope Moody, Environmental Review Coordinator Washington Natural Heritage Program t ' Asset Management& Protection Division,PO Box 47014,Olympia WA 98504-7014 FAX 360-902-1789 1111 WASHINGTON ST SE 1 PO BOX 47000 1 OLYMPIA,WA 98504-7000 ' TEL:(360)902-1000 1 FAX:(360)902-1775 1 TT-Y. (360)902-1125 Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer RECYCLED PAVER CJ t APPENDIX B PROJECT PLANS 1 1 1 i 1 i 1 1 1 1 i 1 m m r = m m m m m m = m = m = m m M ot,2004-11:27— vkw NLM.ApvN4aypn\goJecr,22044St a derNwignTor_BA ST7 dwp Lmywt Nuns RP2 CJ1 O I(1L IO IUD O + MATCH LINE STA 9+00 MATCH LINE STA 9+00 ....... SEE DRAWING RP1 o ....... 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En gin , Inc. R E N T 0 � �'''�°' STRANDER BLVD EXTENSION STAGE 2 RP4 g g 53+00 TO 57+00 »a Wt. rM CaMy Awn=-%d#A B0° • ..MM •c+M)M � tohM7 ROADWAY PLAN AND PROFILE f Ta, ' SECTION 30, TOWNSHIP 23 NORTH, RANGE 4 EAST, W.M. CONSTRUCTION NOTES: Ot NOTES y a t Z FILL O O O O + M -_ _ to _ f N Z _ _ _ _ + _ _ _ + S 89'40'34' E 1 + _ _ (n Z W SW 27TH ST W Z Q _-_. << . . 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CONSTRUCTION NOTES: , Qt N OTEM 1 I 1 t7tl. _ RLL FlLL CUT �� 1 �=� FlLL _ ', �" O - _ CD r z sz'. I f� 1 _ �d (Dd H U Q cr U 62+00 — F �_ — as'4o'34' w -- — — — — + — Z w — —� - — — — SW 27TH ST. __ _ W Z Q a_ Z Q D p J p i U W 1 1 �- Q Q .p IItIIIIf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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HT zo ,o o �� zo NOT FOR 40 61+00 62+00 63+00 64+00 65+00 CONSTRUCTION CLIT e Perteet � � � CITY OF RENTON °°R "' 1 STRANDER BLVD EXTENSION — STAGE 2 RP6 Engineering, Inc. E N"� O N _ 61+00 TO 65+50 �. � AW. Colby s�°�900 °�."s MM ° I*25>252 22044 ROADWAY PLAN AND PROFILE of Told i ' SECTION 30, TOWNSHIP 23 NORTH, RANGE 4 EAST, W.M. CONSTRUCTION NOTES: ONO-Es CUT cur CUT Cur cur cur c cur---- ' O O + .__. _ ........................._ to CL 69+00 ~ — — — �--- — + — — N 89 40'34' W — —�--— — — — H C� V) z _ �; 27TH ST. z w zQ wQ _ _ ' � w w ._ LLI .. _ r,n Cur CUf CuT CUT FILL CuT CUT f W ........ - - a .... .. .................... .... .....:...................:.........:...................:....................................... ......................................................... ......... ....... ....... ............ :... .....:.........:.............................:...................:.........:.........:.........:.........:.........:.........:.........:.....:::: :::: 30 .....:......... .........:.........:. .......:.........:.........:..... .........:.........:. ... ....... ... ....... ....... ...... ....... .... :. ... .............:........ :.........:.........:.........:................ .............. ... ... ... ... ... ..... :. .:. .:. .: .:. .. ..................:...................:.......................................:.................. ...................:........ .......:...................:...................:...................:...................:...................:...................:...................:...................:..................:...................:................................. .........................................: ,© .....:.......—.........;.........:..:......,.........:..I...... ........ ,.........:.................. ....... ...... .. ...... ....... ... ....... ..... .................. ...............:......... ........ .. ...... .:. .:. . :err .....:................... ......... ....... .:.............. ;......... ..: .....:.........:::::::...;......... ...................:.........:... : ...................:.........:.................................... ................................... ................ .................. . . .....:.........:.............................:.........:.........:...... ..:.........:.................. ....... ...... ....... ..... ...... .... .. ....... . ..... :-F: :::: ::::::::: ::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::: ::::::: : :::::::: ::::::::: ::::::::: ............ 25 .. .....:.........:.........:.........:.........:.........:...................:.........:.........:.........:.........:.........:.........:.........:...................:.........:.........:.........:-.. :.............................:.................................................:.........:.........:.........:.........:................... ...................:.........:.........:.........: ...................................................................................................... .....................:...................:................................................................. :...................:................................................ ....................................cis :... ...............:.............................:........... :.........: ......... ..-......:............. :.........:.........:.........:.........:.........:.......................::: .... ...:.........:......... ... ..... .........:.........:.........:.... ..:.........:.........:.........:.........:. :.......-.:.. :.........:.........:.........:.........:.............................:.........:.........:.........:.........:.........:.........:....... d .....:.........:.........:.........:.........:.........:.........:......... .........:.........:.........:.........:.........: ...... 4: _ ---- :T..... ....... ....... ....... ..... ..... .. ....... ....... :� :::::;.:::::::: ::::::::: ::.:::::: :::::::.: s ::.: :::: ;::::::::: : :::: ...: ::::::::: :: :::::::: :::::::: Z::: . .....:.........:...................:.........:.........:.........:.........:.........:.........:..A ....;.........:.............................:....... .....:.........:.........:.........:.........:.........:......... ......... ......... ..... ..p .... .........;.........;.........;........._.......:: ::.....: ::::::::: ......... ........ 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Ch-kd By _ 10/]/03 Vt -p STRANDER 65+SODTO 69+50 STAGE 2 10/a/0s 1--5• „� �, By Colby..mot.sdce eoo .wee,TA 082m •(4M)M-� � �` '°" ROADWAY PLAN AND PROFILE T JW 01,7001-1:07pm gi..p Ulk�MlaeMde�IgnlprorcNYOC<Stra�dwNeslpn�Far_9tiST3.dvq Lay.A N—7-RPB iF ....................................................................................................................... MATCH LINE STA 69+50 ....................................................................... MATCH UNE::STA :69+5G :::::: SEE DRAWING RP16 o + i + €I i.: ........:......... ...... :.. .;......... :................................. WC'STA:70+25.00:1 .:':':':':'':':':':':':':':':'E':':':':':':':':': EL--.:20.87 { $ I •.... .................... ................... I I 1 {:.........:. ..... .... .... .:....•.... HP'STA 7IIf69.26 I :7:::::i:......:: :........ : ..EL= 20 99 I ' (TQ 0 :I.............:... $ w7•� I ' . ..... ....... ........... ........... 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W .. o MATCH LINE STA 73+00 MATCH LINE STA 73+00 SEE DRAWING RP18 o Icn Io IcNn o o � o D N m -< tom r-p6 0 Z85 z(w SO m o o z 0 0 c� CD I Z � O n o � -1 -�i -+ � '� D o C opt m N 0 T!1180 ww �w �w w iw � w w wl ww� r ww wi ww �w �w w Ag 01.20M 1:03pm Olnep 1\LkwNleervldesign\pmjec122044S—dead-igp .a SA_ST2.dw9 Ley.uA Name:2-RP9 �S i O U1 O U1 O w MATCH LINE STA 73+00 MATCH LINE STA 73+00 + ..... SEE DRAWING RP17 O O •�. k ......................... A 2" .......... .........: ..... .. ...... ................. ... I! .....�...I.........t.........:..... ............... .........:.........:......... c n............. .........:....: .:.i ......:..... .... .. .......... ... i:::::.::: ............. f PF STA 73+90,00:::.:LPG:STA ....:.... ...... .:... p.... .Grade.Bisak':? .. . ..............:.........:......... , ............. 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Ii� :.:..:.:.:.:.:.:.i...................i.:.: } .. ......:.........' .v ..........:......:..::.:......:...... .. { yY!S-h 11 � .. ......... rn .. .............: ................. . I :.. :.:.:.:.:.:.:...................:.:.:.: .............................................. rl . ................... .............:... ................:........ ..................... Y ... ... ....... S ...........:...................i.:.:.:.:..:...... .................i...................i...................i.:.:............... cp Icil N O N _ O � O O YX n n " 0 z + U) '-0 0 zcz zpo Z z Z zz o � � X o m 20P m N z p � � co ' APPENDIX C EXPANDED MATRIX OF PATHWAYS AND INDICATORS 1 1 1 1 1 ' APPENDIX C: EXPANDED MATRIX OF PATHWAYS AND INDICATORS Existing stream and watershed conditions were quantified by using watershed and habitat parameters as defined by the "Matrix of Pathways and Indicators" developed by NOAA Fisheries. The "Matrix of Pathways and Indicators" summarizes important parameters for six major pathways including water quality, habitat access, habitat elements, channel ' condition and dynamics, flow/hydrology, and watershed conditions. These six major pathways are further broken down into a total of 18 "indicators." As an example, the water quality pathway is composed of three indicators: temperature, sediment/turbidity, and chemical contamination/nutrients. The indicator conditions are classified as either: "properly functioning," "at risk," or "not properly functioning." Criteria for each condition is defined by a range or goal based on the best available scientific data available, but criteria are not absolute, and may be adjusted for unique watersheds (NOAA Fisheries, 1996). ' The USFWS utilizes two additional pathways in the matrix of pathways and indictors to specifically address bull trout including subpopulation characteristics and integration of ' species and habitat conditions (USFWS, 1998b). The subpopulation characteristic pathway is composed of four indictors including subpopulation size, growth and survival, life history diversity and isolation, and persistence and genetic integrity. The integration of species and habitat conditions pathway is a summary integration diagnostic. Water Quality The NOAA Fisheries (1996) considers temperature, sediment, and chemical contamination/nutrients in their Matrix of Diagnostics/Pathways and Indicators criteria. ' Temperature Water temperature is a key factor controlling the ability of salmonids to survive. It will also influence species composition in that some species such as bull trout require exceptionally colder water to successfully reproduce. Ecology reported that temperatures from 73 to 77°F are lethal to salmon and steelhead trout while temperatures above 52°F will create genetic abnormalities or mortality to salmonid eggs (Ecology, 2000). Several studies have suggested bull trout are uncommon in streams and rivers where water temperatures exceed 59°F for an extended time period(King County, 2000). The NOAA Fisheries (1996) considers 50 to 57°F or less to be properly functioning. At risk temperatures depend on time of year or life cycle (spawning or migration and rearing). Water temperature is considered at risk for spawning adults when between 57 to 60°F, and for migration and rearing when 57 to 64°F. Stream temperatures higher than 60°F during spawning and higher than 64°F during migration and rearing are considered not properly functioning. Lower Green River: Kerwin and Nelson (2000) rated overall water quality in the lower Green River as fair. A review of the Ecology 1998 303(d) list indicates the Green River had excursions beyond the criterion at numerous locations. Furthermore, Ecology reported stream temperature near Tukwila ranged from a low of 41.4°F in January and a , high of 61.2°F in September during water year 1997 (Ecology, 1999). Based on the available data, the overall temperature indicator in lower Green River is considered at risk(varies yearly and by life cycle). , Springbrook Creek: Degraded water quality in Springbrook Creek likely creates a barrier to fish migration and may be responsible for the death of numerous salmonids t found in Springbrook Creek. Between September 17 and October 22, 1994, water temperature at the BRPS reached a high of 68.4°F and 67.1°F in Mill Creek (Harza, 1995). Dissolve oxygen (DO) levels during this time period averaged 4.5 milligrams per ' liter(mg/L) and ranged from 0.9 to 10.1 mg/L. These conditions are most detrimental to Chinook salmon because Chinook return earlier than coho salmon. However, the potentially lethal water temperatures and DO levels would impact rearing juvenile coho ' salmon and steelhead, cutthroat, and rainbow trout since they rear in freshwater for at least 1 year. Based on the available data the water temperature indicator for Springbrook Creek is not properly functioning. ' Sediment ' The focus of most stream substrate assessments is to determine the percentage of fines in potential salmonid spawning habitat. The percent fines is then used to infer the quality of spawning habitat because too many fines can degrade in-stream habitat and adversely ' impact salmonid spawning success by reducing the egg-to-fry ratio. Streams in urbanized watersheds "tend"to have a larger percentage of smaller particles (May, 1996). Percent fines is used for assessing both spawning and incubation habitat. However, the maximum size for fines depends on whether the field data is collected from the stream surface (less than 0.24 inch diameter) or from within the substrate (less than 0.03 inch diameter). Surface sediments with: <20 percent fines and low turbidity is considered ' properly functioning in most watersheds, 12 to 20 percent fines and moderate turbidity is considered at risk, and greater than 20 percent fines and high turbidity is considered not properly functioning. ' Lower Green River: Kerwin and Nelson (2000) rated overall streambed sediment in the lower Green River as poor. A poor rating indicates that the fines (<0.85 mm in spawning , gravel) is> 17 percent. Therefore, the sediment indicator is at risk. Springbrook Creek: Silt and sand are the dominant substrate type of all stream reaches located in the floodplain, while gravel is the dominant substrate type in the foothills (DEA, 2001). However, some small pockets of gravel exist but tend to be highly embedded and intermixed with a very high percentage of fines. The results of Wolman pebble counts conducted in Upper Springbrook Creek and Garrison Creek where gravel was the dominant substrate type indicated that fines (< 0.24 inch) ranged from 29 to 39 percent in riffles (DEA, 2001). Based on this data the sediment indicator is not properly functioning. ' Chemical Contamination/Nutrients The NOAA Fisheries (1996) reports that for the chemical contamination/nutrients indicator, a properly functioning stream has low levels of chemical contamination from ragricultural, industrial, and other sources, no excess nutrients, and no CWA 303(d) designated reaches. An at risk stream has moderate levels of chemical contamination ' from agricultural, industrial, and other sources, some excess nutrients, and one CWA 303(d) designated reach. A not properly functioning stream contains high levels of chemical contamination, high levels of excess nutrients, and more than one 303(d) designated reach. Lower Green River: Kerwin and Nelson (2000) rated overall water quality in the lower Green River as fair. However, based on a review of the Ecology 1998(d) list the Green River has been listed at multiple locations for mercury, fecal coliform, chromium, and temperature. Based on multiple 303(d) listings the chemical contamination/nutrients ' indictor for the Green River is not properly functioning. Springbrook Creek: Water quality is severely degraded in the lower reaches of Springbrook Creek (Kerwin and Nelson, 2000; Harza, 1995). Springbrook Creek is on ' the Ecology 1998 303(d) list for violations of temperature, dissolved oxygen, fecal coliform, metals (chromium, mercury, zinc, copper, and cadmium), and sediment bioassy ' (Ecology, 2000a). Furthermore, Springbrook Creek contains an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Superfund cleanup site associated with Western Processing . located on Mill Creek between RM 1.0 and 1.5. This site has been cleaned up (Ecology, 2002). Generally speaking, water quality tends to be worst during the low-flow period and ' generally improves after the fall rains increase stream velocity and "flush"the system. In summary, "Mill and Springbrook creeks are the most heavily urbanized of the tributaries evaluated in this report and exhibit the most degraded water quality conditions" (King ' County, 2001). Based on the available data, the chemical contamination/nutrients indicator is not properly functioning in this stream. ' Habitat Access The habitat access pathway includes the physical barriers indicator. Physical Barriers The NOAA Fisheries (1996) states that a properly functioning stream with man-made barriers allows upstream and downstream fish passage during all flows. An at risk stream with man-made barriers does not allow upstream and/or downstream passage at base/low flow. A not properly functioning stream with man-made barriers does not allow ' upstream and/or downstream fish passage during a wide range of flows. Lower Green River: The mainstem of the lower Green River doe not contain man-made barriers. Kerwin and Nelson (2000) reported access as good in the lower Green River. Although numbers barriers exist within the watershed including the mainstem of the upper Green River, salmonids can migrate upstream and downstream during all flows within the lower Green River. Therefore, the physical barriers indictor for the mainstem , of the lower Green River is properly functioning. Springbrook Creek: Numerous barriers to upstream fish migration exist within Springbrook Creek. The most significant barrier is on the Black River approximately 1,000 feet upstream of its confluence with the Green River. The primary purpose of the BRPS is to block floodwater from the Green River from backing up into the Black , River/Springbrook Creek floodplain during flood events (Kerwin and Nelson, 2000). The BR-PS is composed of six 48-inch-diameter culverts fitted with flapgates. A fish ladder and fishway chute is used for upstream passage, while an airlift pump is used for ' downstream passage. The upstream passage facility is typically in operation from mid- September through the end of January. Although this facility does allow for the upstream migration of adult salmonids during the operational window, velocities are at the upper ' limit of sustained swimming speeds for juvenile salmonids and therefore likely blocking access upstream by juvenile salmonids (Kerwin and Nelson, 2000). Downstream migration is also contingent upon operation in that the downstream airlift pumps are only ' operated from early April to mid-June for approximately 8 hours per day and adult salmonids that enter the Black River and Springbrook Creek cannot leave the system ' (Kerwin and Nelson, 2000). Numerous other barriers within the Springbrook Creek system include culverts, braided channels, vegetation, weirs, and water quality. Some are only barriers during peak high ' or low-flow events; other barriers block both adult and juvenile migration regardless of flow; and other barriers only block juveniles. Table C1 outlines some of the known barriers to fish passage as presented by Kerwin and Nelson (2000). The barriers listed below are not meant to be an all-inclusive list. Some of these bamers may have been fixed, while other undocumented barriers may exist. ' Table C1: Springbrook Creek Fish Passage Barriers Stream;Numbed Stream Name Barrier T e Locatign ' . 09-0005 Springbrook Creek Water Quality Lower Reaches 09-0005 Springbrook Creek Culvert At Talbot Road 09-0005 Springbrook Creek Diversion Springbrook trout farm t 09-0005 Springbrook Creek Choked culverts Throughout 09-0024 S.F. Springbrook Creek Concrete pad &weir At Talbot Road , 09-0015 Mill Creek Water Quality Lower Reaches 09-0015 Mill Creek Culvert Earthworks Park Detention Pond 09-0022 M.F. Garrison Creek Braided channel Between 2121h&218tn 09-0023 N.F. Garrison Creek Culvert 2121"Way Based on this data, the physical barrier indicator is not properly functioning in ' Springbrook Creek. ' Habitat Elements Pools and riffles are the basic components of typical stream habitat. The quantity and quality of these basic components help define the overall habitat composition of a stream. rThey are also key parameters that help support both resident and anadromous populations of salmonids as well as other aquatic species that depend on a "healthy" stream. ' Substrate NOAA Fisheries uses both embeddedness and substrate composition as indicators for ' substrate quality. The percent embeddedness is obtained visually and is extremely subjective. NOAA Fisheries criteria for properly functioning is a dominance of gravel or cobble (interstitial spaces clear) and embeddedness less than 20 percent. Substrate is ' considered at risk when gravel and cobble are subdominant or if dominant, embeddedness is between 20 and 30 percent. Substrate is considered not properly functioning if bedrock, sand, silt or small gravel are dominant, or if gravel and cobble are ' dominant and embeddedness is greater than 30 percent. Lower Green River: No embeddedness data was available for inclusion in this analysis. ' Kerwin and Nelson (2000) rated overall streambed sediment in the lower Green River as poor. A poor rating is warranted when fines (<0.85 mm in spawning gravel) are > 17 percent (Kerwin and Nelson, 2000). This indicates that embeddedness may be relatively ' high. Therefore, the substrate indicator is considered at risk (possibly not properly functioning). Springbrook Creek: Silt and sand are the dominant substrate type of all stream reaches located in the floodplain, while gravel is the dominant substrate type in the foothills (DEA, 2001). However, some small pockets of gravel exist but tend to be highly embedded and intermixed with a very high percentage of fines. The results of Wolman pebble counts conducted in Upper Springbrook Creek and Garrison Creek where gravel was the dominant substrate type indicated that fines (< 0.24 inch) ranged from 29 to 39 percent in riffles (DEA, 2001). Based on this data the substrate indicator is not properly functioning. ' Large Woody Debris Large woody debris (LWD) is a critical component of stream habitat because it creates ' pools, structure, and habitat diversity. Large coniferous trees provide the best habitat due to their resistance to rotting, increased likelihood of staying stationary during high flows, and ability to create and maintain pool habitat as water velocity is redirected around ' them. The NOAA Fisheries recommends that streams should have a minimum of 80 pieces of LWD per mile that are at least 50 feet long with a diameter of at least 24 inches to be properly functioning. A stream is considered at risk if it currently meets the ' properly functioning criteria but lacks potential future recruitment from adjacent riparian areas to maintain the standard. A stream is considered not properly functioning if it does not meet the properly functioning criteria and lacks recruitment potential. ' Lower Green River: Data on historic or existing LWD in the lower Green River is not available (Kerwin and Nelson, 2000). However, based on casual observations LWD is not likely to meet the properly functioning criteria and recruitment potential is basically ' non-existent. Therefore, the LWD indicator is considered not properly functioning. Springbrook Creek: LWD is basically nonexistent in the low-lying areas of Springbrook Creek west of SR 167 and is present but sparse in the forested foothills to the east of SR 167. The limited amount of LWD documented in Upper Springbrook Creek and Garrison Creek were composed of deciduous species and primarily in the small size category , (DEA, 2001) as defined by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) stream survey protocol standards (USFS, 2001). Due to the lack of mature conifer trees along the remnant riparian corridor, the availability of future LWD recruitment from riparian trees is ' nonexistent within the floodplain and limited in the foothills. Therefore, the LWD indicator is not properly functioning. Pool Frequency ' The NOAA Fisheries (1996) uses channel width to develop a desired pool frequency ' (number of pools/mile). A stream is considered properly functioning if it meets the desired pool frequency and the LWD standard for properly functioning is also met (NOAA Fisheries, 1996). A stream is considered at risk if it meets the desired pool , frequency but LWD recruitment is inadequate to maintain pools overtime. A stream is considered to be not properly functioning if it does not meet pool frequency standards. Lower Green River: Data on pool frequency in the lower Green River was not available ' for inclusion in this analysis. Due to the lack of LWD and altered hydrology the best possible rating for pool frequency is probably at risk, but it could be not properly functioning. Therefore, the pool frequency indicator was not rated. Springbrook Creek: Based on the results of a stream habitat assessment conducted by ' Harza (1995), the Springbrook Creek subbasin is composed of approximately 83 percent low-gradient glides, 13 percent riffles, < 1 percent pools, and < 1 percent step/run habitat types. DEA conducted stream habitat surveys along Upper Springbrook Creek (09- ' 0020), Garrison Creek (09-0022), and a short section of the mainstem of Springbrook Creek (09-0005) where it parallels SR 167 (DEA, 2001). Based on the survey results, it was determined that glide habitat dominates all reaches west of SR 167, while riffle ' habitat dominates all reaches in the foothills to the east of SR 167. Therefore, the pool frequency indicator is not properly functioning. Pool Quality , Although the number of pools is very important, another important factor is the residual , depth, which is defined as the maximum depth minus tailout depth. The premise of residual depth is that deeper pools provide more cover, are more stable, and can be used by larger salmonids such as Chinook. Shallow pools provide less cover, can be rapidly ' filled by sediment, and do not typically provide high quality refugia for salmonids. The NOAA Fisheries (1996) considers that pool quality is properly functioning when streams contain pools greater than 3.3 feet deep with good cover and cool water,and minor reduction of pool volume by fine sediment. Pool quality is at risk when few pools greater than 3.3 feet are ' present or have inadequate cover/temperature and only a moderate reduction in pool volume by fine sediment. Pool quality is not properly functioning when no pools are greater than 3.3 feet deep and have inadequate cover/temperature, and there is a major reduction of pool volume by fine sediment. Lower Green River: Data on pool depth in the lower Green River was not obtained for ' the lower Green River. Based on influence of reduced and altered flows from diversions, increase in sediment loading, and lack of LWD and cover, pool quality has likely been negatively impacted. Therefore, the pool quality indicator is considered at risk (some ' pools over 3.3 feet likely exist). Springbrook Creek: Pools, when present, tended to be relatively shallow and lacked ' habitat complexity. Therefore, the pool quality indicator is not properly functioning. ' Off-Channel Habitat/Refugia The availability of"adequate" off-channel habitat and refugia are indicators of a stream's ability to provide a safe haven for primarily juvenile fish during high flow events. These ' are generally areas of lower stream velocity that can be accessed during flood events, but also include low energy areas during normal stream flows such as backwater areas with cover, ponds, and oxbows. ' Lower Green River: The lower Green River contains little to no off-channel habitat (Malcom, 1999 as reported in Kerwin and Nelson, 2000). Therefore, the off-channel ' habitat/refugia indicator is not properly functioning. Springbrook Creek: Springbrook Creek is generally channelized and entrenched, and ' off-channel habitat is scarce. Due to channelization, lack of LWD, and extensive development with the Springbrook Creek basin, the off-channel habitat/refugia indictor is not properly functioning. ' Channel Condition and Dynamics The channel condition and dynamics pathway includes three primary indicators assessed ' by NOAA Fisheries. These include: (1) width/depth ratio, (2) streambank condition, and (3) floodplain connectivity. Additional parameters not included in the Matrix of ' Pathways and Indicators developed by the NOAA Fisheries (1996) that also provide insight into channel conditions and dynamics of a stream include: channel sinuosity and percent armoring. Although no specific percentages have been defined by the federal ' agencies for these last two indicators, they provide insight into the degree anthropogenic influences have been placed upon a stream. ' Width/Depth Ratio The width/depth ratio concept relies on the premise that a stream channel will incise when banks are armored and the hydrologic characteristics are altered due to anthropogenic influences. This channel down-cutting is created as high-flows that would normally spill-out into and over the adjacent stream banks and side-channels are forced to 1 stay within the defined channel by the presence of armoring (typically large riprap). The , hydrologic impacts of urbanization typically widen and/or deepen a stream channel when the banks are not armored,but streamside development will often have the opposite effect (May et al., 1997). The NOAA Fisheries (1996) states that a properly functioning stream has a width/depth ratio of less than 10, an at risk stream has a ratio between 10 to 12, and the ratio for a not properly functioning stream is greater than 12. Lower Green River: Data on the width/depth ratio of the lower Green River were not r available for inclusion in this report. However, based on the extensive bank armoring and altered hydrology, the width/depth ratio indicator is considered at risk or not properly ' functioning, but was not rated. Springbrook Creek: Data on the width/depth ratio of Springbrook Creek were not ' available for inclusion in this report. Therefore, this indicator was not rated. Streambank Condition , Streambank condition refers to the percentage of the bank that is stable and the percentage that is actively eroding. The NOAA Fisheries (1996) defines a properly r functioning streambank as being greater than 90 percent stable with less than 10 percent actively eroding, 80 to 90 percent stable when at risk, and less than 80 percent stable when not properly functioning. ' Lower Green River: The lower Green River is lined with levees, dikes, and revetments along both banks. Therefore, the percent stable banks was not rated. This indictor may ' not be applicable since armored banks are very stable and typically do not actively erode. Springbrook Creek: Springbrook Creek is channelized and entrenched, and no existing , data on bank stability was obtained. Therefore, the percent stable banks was not rated. This indictor may not be applicable since banks dominated by reed canarygrass are very stable and typically do not actively erode. , Floodplain Connectivity The floodplain indicator as defined by the NOAA Fisheries (1996) includes hydrologic ' linkage between adjacent off-channel areas, wetlands, and riparian vegetation and succession. This indicator does not specify quantifiable measurements, but relies on subjective inferences of frequently linked, reduced linkage, and severe reduction in , linkage. Lower Green River: Due to The diversion of the White River, construction of the ' Howard Hanson Dam, and construction of levees and revetments have reduced the area subject to frequent inundation (Kerwin and Nelson, 2000). Based on the extensive ' manipulation of the lower Green River, the floodplain indicator is not properly functioning. r r r ' Springbrook Creek: Springbrook Creek has been extensively channelized and rerouted, while adjacent wetlands have been filled and fragmented. Therefore, the floodplain connectivity indicator is not properly functioning. Flow/Hydrology ' The flow/hydrology pathway contains two indicators: change in peak/base flow and increase in drainage network. Increased urbanization results in increased flood frequency and streamflow variability (May et al., 1997). The result is that flow levels change ' frequently and extreme flow events occur more often. This condition is exasperated by an increase in the drainage network. Elements of the drainage network include ditches, road crossings, and stormwater outfalls. The overall result is that rainwater reaches the ' stream channel faster then what would occur naturally. Peak/Base Flow The NOAA Fisheries (1996) Matrix of Diagnostics/Pathways and Indicators utilizes watershed hydrographs to document changes in peak/base flow. A properly functioning stream's hydrograph would indicate peak, base, and flow timing is comparable to a similar undisturbed watershed. An at risk stream shows some evidence of change. A not properly functioning stream's hydrograph indicates pronounced change in peak,base, and ' flow timing. Lower Green River: The hydrology of the lower Green River has been significantly altered due to the diversion of the White River in 1906, diversion of the Cedar/Black River in 1913, construction of Tacoma Water's Headworks Diversion Dam in 1911, and construction of Howard Hanson Dam in 1962. These events in conjunction with forest ' practices, residential and commercial development, loss of floodplains and associated wetlands, and extensive bank armoring have resulted in a pronounced change in hydrology. Therefore, the peak/base flow indicator is not properly functioning. iSpringbrook Creek: Springbrook Creek has an annual flow of about 40 cubic feet per second (cfs) (Kerwin and Nelson 2000). Hydrographs indicate that Springbrook Creek ' responds quickly to storm events, which results in rapid increases in flow volume after each event. The rapid rise and fall in a hydrograph is indicative of streams located in a basin with a large amount of impervious surface. An increase in new impervious surface ' within a watershed has been shown to have a direct correlation with a reduction in salmomd abundance and habitat quality (May, 1996). Extensive channelization and urbanization have further altered stream flow hydrology. Therefore, the peak/base flow indicator is not properly functioning. ' Increase in Drainage Network The NOAA Fisheries (1996) Matrix of Diagnostics/Pathways and Indicators utilizes an increase in drainage network to document change. A properly functioning stream will have zero or minimum increase in drainage network due to roads. An at risk stream will have a moderate increase in drainage density due to roads. A not properly functioning stream will have a significant increase in the drainage network due to roads. Lower Green River: The roadway and drainage network along the lower Green River is , extensive. Therefore, the increase in drainage network indicator is not properly functioning_ Springbrook Creek: The roadway and drainage network along Springbrook Creek is extensive. Therefore, the increase in drainage network indicator is not properly functioning. Watershed Conditions ' The watershed conditions pathway is gauged by three indicators: road density and location, disturbance history, and riparian reserves. Road Density and Location , NOAA Fisheries has quantified parameters to rank the degree of road density and location within their Matrix of Diagnostics/Pathways and Indicators. Based on their , criteria, a properly functioning watershed contains less than 2 mi/mi2 of roads and no valley bottom roads. An at risk watershed contains 2 to 3 m1/m12 of roads with some , valley bottom roads. A not properly functioning watershed contains greater than 3 mi/m12 and many valley bottom roads. Lower Green River: The exact road density in the lower Green River watershed is ' uncertain, but numerous valley bottom roads exist. Due to the extensive amount of development and urbanization that has occurred in the action area, the road density and ' location indicator is not properly functioning. Springbrook Creek: The exact road density in the Springbrook Creek watershed is uncertain, but numerous valley bottom roads exist. Due to the extensive amount of , development and urbanization that has occurred in the action area, the road density and location indicator is not properly functioning. ' Disturbance History NOAA Fisheries (1996) defines a properly functioning watershed as containing less than ' 15 percent equivalent clear-cut acres (ECA) within the entire watershed with no concentration of disturbance in unstable or potentially unstable areas, and/or refugia, and/or riparian areas. An at risk watershed also contains less than 15 percent ECA within ' the watershed, but disturbance is concentrated in unstable or potentially unstable areas, and/or refugia, and/or riparian areas. A not properly functioning watershed contains greater than 15 percent ECA and disturbance is concentrated in unstable or potentially ' unstable areas, and/or refugia, and/or riparian areas. Lower Green River: Disturbance within this watershed has been extensive and continuous. Refugia and riparian habitat indicators are both limiting factors within and along the lower Green River. Only narrow riparian and often absent corridors occur along the lower Green River. Therefore, the disturbance history indictor is not properly ' functioning. ' Springbrook Creek: Disturbance within this watershed has been extensive and continuous. Refugia and riparian habitat indicators are both limiting factors within and along Springbrook Creek. Mature coniferous riparian habitat is absent in the action area. Only small sections of Springbrook Creek contain diverse riparian habitat. Therefore, the disturbance history indictor is not properly functioning. ' Riparian Reserve An "intact' riparian reserve buffers the stream from outside elements. The NOAA ' Fisheries (1996) indicator for riparian reserves includes several factors that must be assessed in order to deterrmne its existing state. These factors include adequate shade, LWD recruitment, habitat protection, connectivity, and percent similarity of riparian ' vegetation to the potential natural community/composition. The functionality of the riparian reserve decreases as loss and fragmentation increase, and as the percent similarity of the existing riparian vegetation to the potential natural ' community/composition drops from greater than 50 percent (properly functioning), to 25 to 50 percent (at risk), and finally less than 25 percent (not properly functioning). The percent "intact' can also be quantified in that greater than 80 percent is considered ' properly functioning, 70 to 80 percent is considered at risk, and less than 70 percent is considered not properly functioning. ' Lower Green River: Kerwin and Nelson (2000) rated riparian habitat as poor along the lower Green River. Almost 50 percent of the riparian zone is composed of forbs and grasses, while 97 percent has poor LWD recruitment potential and microclimate ' conditions (Kerwin and Nelson, 2000). Furthermore, Kerwin and Nelson (2000) reported 33 percent of the potential area within 300 feet of the river is paved. Therefore, the riparian reserve indicator for the lower Green River is not properly functioning. ' Springbrook Creek: The condition of the riparian corridor ranges from bare banks to remnant fragments of coniferous forest (Kerwin and Nelson, 2000). Himalayan ' blackberry (Rubus procerus) and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) are typically the dominant species along the stream corridor. Other species that are sporadically abundant and/or present include red alder (Alnus rubra), black cottonwood (Populus balsamifera), red-osier dogwood (Corpus sericea), Pacific dogwood (Corpus nuttallii), cattails (Typha latifolia), and several species of willow (Salix spp.). The condition of the riparian habitat improves in the foothills to the east of SR 167, where stream reaches flow ' through forested ravines. Within the forested ravines, red alder and big-leaf maple (Acer macrophyllum) become prevalent and are intermixed with black cottonwood, Douglas-fir ' (Pseudoisuga menziesii), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), and western red-cedar (Thuja plicata). Therefore, the riparian reserve indicator for Springbrook Creek is not properly functioning. Bull Trout Subpopulation Characteristics The USFWS bull trout subpopulation characteristics pathway is composed of four ' indictors (USFWS, 1998b). These include subpopulation size, growth and survival, life history diversity and isolation, and persistence and genetic integrity. Subpopulation Size ' The USFWS considers the subpopulation size indicator to be functioning appropriately when it consists of more than several thousand individuals or has the local habitat capacity to do so, and all life stages are evenly represented. This indicator is functioning at risk when the adult component numbers less than 500 but greater than 50 individuals, and functioning at unacceptable risk when less than 50 are present. ' Lower Green River: Very few bull trout have been documented in the lower Green River and no known population exists. Therefore, the subpopulation indictor is functioning at unacceptable risk. ' Springbrook Creek: Bull trout have never been documented in Springbrook Creek nor does suitable spawning or rearing habitat exist. Therefore, the subpopulation indicator is ' functioning at unacceptable risk. Growth and Survival ' The USFWS considers the growth and survival indicator to be functioning appropriately when it is resilient, increasing or stable, with at least 10 plus years of data to support this , conclusion. This indicator is functioning at risk when not resilient, reduced growth and survival has occurred, and recovery is unlikely within one generation (5 years) but this reduction should not be a long-term trend. A subpopulation will be considered at risk , under this indicator until enough data (10 + years) is available to determine if a trend is apparent. This indicator is functioning at unacceptable risk if the subpopulation is in rapid decline or at low abundance and unlikely to improve in 5 to 10 years based on 5 or ' more years of data. Lower Green River: The status of bull trout in the lower Green River is uncertain and it , is unlikely a subpopulation still exists. Since there is not enough data to determine a trend, the growth and survival indicator is functioning at unacceptable risk. Springbrook Creek: Bull trout have never been documented in Springbrook Creek nor ' does suitable spawning or rearing habitat exist. Therefore, the growth and survival indicator is functioning at unacceptable risk. ' Life History Diversity and Isolation ' The USFWS considers the life history diversity and isolation indicator to be functioning appropriately when the migratory form is present and the subpopulation is close to other groups with good to excellent habitat. Furthermore, interconnection is good and mixing , of subpopulation groups is likely to occur when functioning appropriately. This indictor is functioning at risk when the migratory form is present but the subpopulation is not close to other groups or separated by habitat disruption. This indicator is considered ' functioning at unacceptable risk if the migratory form is absent, or the subpopulation is isolated and unlikely to number more that 2,000 fish. Lower Green River: Anadromous bull trout are occasionally captured in the lower ' Green River, but these are believed to be opportunistic feeders focusing on outmigrating ' salmonids and not part of a local population. Therefore, the life history diversity and isolation indicator is functioning at unacceptable risk. ' Springbrook Creek: Bull trout are not present nor is the available habitat suitable for spawning or rearing. Therefore, the life history diversity and isolation indicator is functioning at unacceptable risk. ' Persistence and Genetic Integrity g h' ' The USFWS considers the persistence and genetic integrity indictor to be functioning appropriately when connectivity is high among at least five subpopulations with several thousand individuals in each, low risk of extinction, and low to nonexistent interaction with introduced species. This indicator is functioning at risk when connectivity is partially fragmented, one or two of the subpopulations produce most of the fish, and the probability of hybridization is imminent although few cases have been documented. This ' indicator is functioning at unacceptable risk when little to no connectivity remains between small subpopulations, and hybridization is likely to occur and has been documented. ' Lower Green River: The probability of hybridization is low, connectivity has been fragmented and no known stock exists within the Green River watershed (although historically they likely occurred in this watershed). Therefore, the persistence and genetic integrity indictor is functioning at unacceptable risk. Springbrook Creek: Bull trout have never been documented in Springbrook Creek nor does suitable spawning or rearing habitat exist. Therefore, the persistence and genetic integrity indicator is functioning at unacceptable risk. 1 Integration of Species and Habitat Conditions The USFWS includes integration of species and habitat conditions in their matrix of diagnostics/pathways and indicators (USFWS, 1998). This pathway is functioning appropriately when habitat quality is pristine and connectivity is high, the migratory form ' is present, disturbance is low, and the subpopulation is resilient and stable. It is functioning at risk when habitat has been degraded from its pristine state and will not recover for at least five years, survival or growth has been reduced and fragmented, but ' this reduction does not represent a long-term trend. It is functioning at unacceptable risk when the subpopulation is clearly declining and will not improve within two generations (5 to 10 years), little to no connectivity remains, and survival and recruitment respond sharply to normal environmental events. Lower Green River: Data on the abundance and distribution of bull trout in the lower Green River is not available due in part to the extremely low number captured. Therefore, since habitat conditions are degraded, the integration of species and habitat conditions is likely functioning at unacceptable risk. 1 Springbrook Creek: Bull trout have never been documented in Springbrook Creek nor ' does suitable spawning or rearing habitat exist. Therefore, the integration of species and habitat indicator is functioning at unacceptable risk. 1 1 1 r r r . r r r r r r r t r r r ' APPENDIX D WETLAND DESCRIPTIONS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' APPENDIX D: Wetland Descriptions ' Wetlands A, H, I, J,P, and S Wetlands A, H, I, J, P, and S are characterized as ditch features along the railroad tracks. Each of these wetlands is dominated by reed canarygrass, with Himalayan blackberry ' along the edges. One exception is Wetland P, which is predominantly forested with a young stand of cottonwood and Pacific willow. The wetlands are hydrologically isolated and are driven by precipitation and surface water runoff from the railroad and adjacent areas of fill. These isolated wetlands do not appear to fall under the jurisdiction of the Corps of Engineers through Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. However, the Corps of Engineers has the ultimate authority in making Section 404 jurisdictional determinations. ' No other wetlands within the proposed alignment were determined to be isolated. Saturation was observed 10 inches and 12 inches below the soil surface in Wetlands I and J, respectively. Direct observations of wetland hydrology were otherwise lacking at each wetland during the field visit, which occurred during the dry season. However, the presence of oxidized rhizospheres, drainage patterns, water-stained leaves, and the low topographical position of the ditch features provided evidence that these wetlands are saturated during the wet portion of the growing season. Low-chroma (1 or 2) soil matrix colors and distinct redoximorphic features were present directly underlying the A-horizon ' in soil test-pits at each wetland data plot. Functions provided by these wetlands are limited to nutrient, toxicant, and sediment removal and low levels of flood flow alteration. All of these wetlands were rated as Category IV following Ecology's rating ' system because they are isolated and almost entirely covered in reed canarygrass. However, Wetland P is a Category III because of its forested component and species composition. Wetland B ' Wetland B is located between the UPRR track and the Interurban Trail. A portion of the wetland is dominated by reed canarygrass and climbing nightshade (Solanum dulcamara). However, the majority of the wetland is forested with predominant species including Pacific willow, cottonwood, and red-osier dogwood. This wetland is farther south than others near the proposed action footprint and is closer to the Green River. Soils and hydrology indicate that a hydrologic connection was once present through a ' surface water connection to the river despite the presence of a constructed berm, roadway, and trail between the two resources. Drainage patterns and water-stained leaves confirmed wetland hydrology, while low-chroma soils with distinct redoximorphic ' features in the B-horizon of the soil test-pit confirmed the presence of hydric soils. Functions provided by this wetland include flood flow alteration, nutrient, toxicant, and sediment removal, and habitat for birds and mammals. Wetland B is a Category III wetland following Ecology's rating system because of its size, hydrologic connectivity to other wetlands, and relatively high plant species and structural diversity but relatively ' low habitat value. Wetlands Q and R , Wetlands Q and R are located between the BNSF and UPRR tracks. The two wetlands are connected and were evaluated as the same wetland for classification and buffer-width ' assignment. However, the portion constituting Wetland R contains PEM and PSS classes and is evidently a wetland mitigation site based on the large amount of newly installed trees and shrubs. The portion constituting Wetland Q is characterized by its mature ' forested component dominated by cottonwood, Pacific willow, and red-osier dogwood. Excavated ditch features dominated by reed canarygrass along the railroad tracks comprise the edges of Wetland Q. Principal functions include nutrient, toxicant, and , sediment removal, as well as habitat for amphibians, mammals, and birds. Wetland Q/R is a Category II wetland following Ecology's rating system because of its size,hydrologic connectivity to other wetlands, relatively high plant species diversity and habitat value, ' and multiple wetland classes. Despite the presence of a mature forest, the extent of invasive grasses precluded the wetland's ability to qualify as Category I. Wetland T Wetland T is a linear ditch feature located along the west edge of the BNSF railroad ' tracks. The shape, location, and concrete outlet structure indicate that the wetland was likely developed as part of a stormwater management facility. Standing water was present throughout the wetland, as well as a diverse number of emergent obligate wetland ' plants. Principal wetland functions include nutrient, toxicant, and sediment removal; flood flow alteration; and amphibian habitat. Wetland T is a Category III wetland following Ecology's rating system because it is not isolated and has relatively high plant ' species diversity but relatively low habitat value. Wetland 27A , Wetland 27A is located at the southwest corner of Oakesdale Avenue SW and SW 27th Street and extends offsite. The wetland is forested primarily along the perimeter by ' willows. However, reed canarygrass and cattails are the predominant species inside the tree line. Drainage patterns and oxidized rhizospheres provided evidence of wetland hydrology, while low-chroma matrix color and redoximorphic features within 12 inches ' of the soil surface confirmed the presence of hydric soils. Wetland 27A functions include nutrient, toxicant, and sediment removal; habitat for mammals and birds; and low levels of flood flow alteration. It is a Category II wetland following Ecology's rating system ' because of its hydrologic connectivity to other wetlands and relatively high scores for habitat value. Wetland 27C ' Wetland 27C is forested with an open water component. The wetland is connected to ' Wetland 2713, a wetland mitigation site located outside of the proposed project area. Dominant species include cottonwood, Pacific willow, Douglas spiraea, Oregon ash (Fraxinus latifolia), and reed canarygrass. Free water at 4 inches and soil matrix color ' with a chroma of 1 between 3 and 16 inches below the soil surface confirmed the presence of hydric soils and wetland hydrology. Principal functions and values of Wetland 27C include nutrient, toxicant, and sediment removal; habitat for amphibians, ' mammals, and birds; and educational value. It is a Category II wetland because of its hydrologic connectivity to other wetlands and relatively high scores for habitat value. ' Wetland 27D Wetland 27D is located at the southeast corner of the intersection of Oakesdale Avenue ' SW and SW 27th Street. The wetland was likely part of a larger wetland system that is now separated by an earthen berm to the east and south, and by the adjacent roads to the west and north. The wetland is forested by red alder and willow, but its habitat value is limited by the lack of structural and species diversity as well as its small size. The principal functions of this Category III wetland following Ecology's rating system include nutrient, toxicant, and sediment removal. Wetlands 27E, 27F, and 27G ' Wetlands 27E, 27F, and 27G are located on the south side of SW 27th Street and extend a great distance offsite. While each of these wetlands is hydrologically contiguous with Springbrook Creek, Wetlands 27E and 27F comprise one wetland system west of the ' creek and Wetland 27G is east of the creek. A wetland restoration area is located between Wetlands 27E and 27F where an old roadbed was removed. Both of these wetlands have forested and emergent components. Based on review of aerial ' photographs, it appears that offsite portions of this wetland system contain scrub-shrub, open water, and aquatic bed habitat. Red alder and willow characterize the forested portions of these wetlands. However, large areas are dominated by reed canarygrass. ' Installed plantings are present near Springbrook Creek, and cattail is predominant near the intersection of Lind Avenue and SW 27th Street. The high groundwater table and adjacent creek provide hydrology to the wetland system. Hydric soils were determined ' by low-chroma matrix colors with distinct redoximorphic features in the upper 12 inches of the soil profile. Principal functions and values of Wetlands 27E, 27F, and 27G include flood flow alteration; production and export of organic matter; nutrient, toxicant, and sediment removal; habitat for amphibians, mammals, and birds; and educational value. These ' wetlands are rated as Category II following Ecology's rating system because of their hydrologic connectivity to other wetlands and relatively high scores for habitat value. ' Despite the presence of a mature forest, the extent of invasive grasses precluded these wetlands from qualifying as Category I. This evaluation relied on the extrapolation of observations made within the action area, aerial photographs, and other available data because large portions of these wetlands are located outside of the action area. Wetland 27H ' Wetland 27H is associated with a reservoir and is characterized as open water with a forested fringe. The wetland extends outside the action area. However, red alder, Pacific willow, and red-osier dogwood dominate the portion in the action area. Oxidized ' rhizospheres and water-stained leaves indicated the presence of wetland hydrology, while the presence of low-chroma matrix colors and distinct redoximorphic features between 2 and 16 inches below the soil surface confirmed the presence of hydric soils. Principal functions and values of Wetland 27H include habitat for amphibians, birds, and mammals ' and education/scientific value. Wetland 27H is a Category III wetland following Ecology's rating system because of its , size, hydrologic connectivity to other wetlands, relatively high plant species and structural diversity, and high habitat value. Despite the presence of a mature forest, the ' extent of invasive grasses precluded the wetland's ability to qualify as Category I. This evaluation relied on the extrapolation of observations made within the project action area, aerial photographs, and other available data because large portions of the wetland are ' located outside of the action area. Wetland 27I ' Wetland 27I is located at the northwest corner of the intersection of Lind Avenue and SW 27th Street. The wetland is surrounded by roads and industrial development and appears ' to collect stormwater runoff from adjacent areas. Cottonwood, Pacific willow, red alder, and red-osier dogwood are predominant in this forested wetland. The presence of hydric soils and wetland hydrology are indicated by a soil matrix chroma of 2 with distinct ' redoximorphic features between 2 and 16 inches and observation of free water at 10 inches below the soil surface. Principal functions of this wetland include nutrient and toxicant removal (due to the likely sources of these pollutants) and the ability of the ' wetland to collect runoff. Wetland 27I is a Category III wetland following Ecology's rating system because of its hydrologic connectivity to other wetlands, and relatively high plant species and structural diversity but relatively low habitat value. , Wetland 2U Wetland 27J is a forested wetland located on the north side of SW 27th Street adjacent to , the east bank of Springbrook Creek. Dominant species of this forested wetland include cottonwood, Pacific willow, red-osier dogwood, thimbleberry, and reed canarygrass. Oxidized rhizospheres and water-stained leaves indicated the presence of wetland ' hydrology, while the presence of low-chroma matrix colors and distinct redoximorphic features between 2 and 16 inches below the soil surface confirmed the presence of hydric soils. , Principal functions and values of Wetland 27J include flood flow alteration; production and export of organic matter; habitat for amphibians, mammals, and birds; and ' educational value. Fragmentation caused by urban and industrial development have reduced the size and habitat connectivity associated with this wetland. However, structural and species diversity of the plant community within Wetland 27J provides ' important functions to fish and wildlife habitat. Wetland 27J is a Category II wetland following Ecology's rating system because of its ' hydrologic connectivity to other wetlands and relatively high scores for habitat value. Despite the presence of a mature forest, the extent of invasive grasses precluded the wetland's ability to qualify as Category I. This evaluation relied on the extrapolation of ' observations made within the action area, aerial photographs, and other available data because large portions of the wetland are located outside of the project area. , ' APPENDIX E LISTED SPECIES HABITAT REQUIREMENTS 1 1 1 1 1 1 APPENDIX E LISTED SPECIES HABITAT REQUIREMENTS ' Puget Sound Chinook Habitat Requirements Migrating adult Chinook salmon seek cover in deep pools, logjams, and undercut banks, until ready to spawn. They require a steady supply of clean, cool, well-oxygenated water and clean gravel for successful spawning. Because of their large body size, Chinook tend to use deeper water and larger gravel than other salmon. The female digs a redd in areas ' with moderate to high velocities in water approximately 1 foot deep (Reiser and Bjornn, 1979). Depending on water temperature, incubation takes between 90 to 150 days, with fry emergence occurring in March and April. Chinook spend between 2 and 6 years in the saltwater environment before returning to their natal streams. ' Factors influencingthe survival of all juvenile salmonids include the availability of J Y ' suitable habitat, prey, and refuge from predators and floods. Habitat complexity in the form of pools and riffles, with interspersed downed woody debris of varying size classes is additionally important for the instream survival of both adult and Juvenile salmonids. ' Estuaries provide important feeding/rearing habitat and moderates physiological stress during parr-smolt transition to the marine environment. ' Chinook salmon runs are designated on the basis of adult migration timing. Early, spring-run Chinook salmon enter freshwater less mature than fall Chinook salmon, migrate far upstream, and spawn in the late summer and early fall (Myers et al., 1998). Fall Chinook enter freshwater ' at an advanced state of maturity,move rapidly to their spawning areas, and spawn within a few days or weeks (Meehan, 1991). Summer-run fish exhibit intermediate characteristics of fall and spring Chinook. Juvenile use of freshwater can vary significantly depending on life history type (ocean- type or stream-type). Ocean-type Chinook migrate to sea relatively quickly after emergence from the gravel. Stream-type Chinook rear in freshwater for a year or more and require additional habitat characteristics. Green/Duwamish River Chinook salmon are of the ocean type(Warner and Fritz, 1995). ' In WRIA 9, summer/fall Chinook salmon make up the predominance of the run (Kerwin and Nelson, 2000). Spring Chinook salmon were historically present in the Green/Duwamish River but likely became extirpated due to the rerouting of the White and Cedar rivers, and construction of the Tacoma Diversion and Howard Hanson dams. Coastal/Puget Sound Bull Trout Habitat Requirements The bull trout is a member of the char family that inhabits cool lakes and streams in western North America. Bull trout have several different life history strategies including resident, fluvial, adfluvial, or anadromous. Resident populations live entirely in headwaters of streams. These resident headwater populations tend to be isolated remnants of once more mobile populations and as such are more prone to extinction. ' Fluvial and adfluvial populations are typically associated with large river and lake systems. Anadromous populations are very mobile, use marine waters for part of their adult life, and are more dependent on estuarine habitats for survival. In the marine environment, distribution of bull trout is often associated with baitfish (surf smelt and ' herring) and baitfish spawning beaches. Bull trout are opportunistic feeders at all life stages, feeding on both insects and smaller ' fish. Adults are primarily piscivorous but will also consume eggs, insects, snails, and leeches. Juvenile bull trout consume primarily macroinvertebrates. Adults typically ' spawn in fall between October and November, and juveniles hatch in winter, emerge from the gravel substrate in spring, and remain in these tributary streams for 1 to 3 years before migrating back toward lakes, large rivers, or the ocean. In the Puget Sound region, ' the downstream limit of successful spawning always occurs upstream of the winter snow line (WDFW, 1999). Water temperatures rising above a "7-day average"maximum of 46T is reported to limit spawning and rearing success for this species (USFWS, 1998b; WDFW, ' 1998). Bull trout are particularly sensitive to sedimentation because of their relatively long incubation and development phase (Fraley and Shepard, 1989). Bald Eagle Habitat Requirements ' Bald eagle nesting parameters in the Pacific Northwest include proximity to water with an adequate food source, large trees with sturdy branching at sufficient height for nesting, ' and stand heterogeneity both vertically and horizontally (Grubb, 1976). Nest tree structure is more important than tree species, and nest trees are typically among the largest in the stand and provide an unobstructed view of an associated water body ' (USFWS, 1986). Critical nesting activities generally fall between January 1 and August 31 (USFWS, 1986). In Western Washington, the nesting season is from January 1 through August 15. Some ' adults may stay on their nesting territories throughout the year. Nest territories have an average radius of 1.6 miles in Western Washington. Nesting activities may commence as early as late January with nest establishment,pair bonding, and egg incubation. Hatching and fledging occur from April through August. Nesting territories are considered occupied by the WDFW until they have been observed to be unoccupied for at least five ' consecutive years. Wintering bald eagles concentrate in areas where food is abundant and disturbance is , minimal (Rodrick and Milner, 1991). Because eagles often depend on dead or weakened prey, spawned salmon are often an important food source for wintering eagles. Rivers, streams, and large lakes with spawning salmon and/or waterfowl concentrations are primary feeding areas for wintering bald eagles. Eagles typically perch near their food source during the day and prefer the tallest trees, which afford the best views. Deciduous and dead coniferous trees near the feeding area are preferred for diurnal bald eagle ' perching (Stalmaster and Newman, 1979). Evening roosts are generally established near the feeding area but may occur inland as well. Wintering activities generally occur between mid-November and mid-March (USFWS, 1986).