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HomeMy WebLinkAboutSWP272899(15) ��sQ ► <Eo�, �-- 19 9 "e lemim r � -11111000� 1 / Ban K 2 to 1 's" %Ot IQ i ✓Cr" -k I 9 4 illillillillillllllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII1111111111111111111111illillill1100 + a - T So• s' ,led aged. s ii�mp-ooiiiiiiiiiiiiiiillIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII!111!111!11"111111111l�I re -iresen+ P 4 Z' f thearea. eroded. b Y . 47 ac Cki-nne 72' j . \ MAPLE. ' ! .. '? SE J ; + 41i r94073 VKM X RIVER -JEVATxms EWE.- EL . . �� d -�^^m00 t � � - -•-.-- � CITY OF RENTON MAPLEWOOD GOLF COURSE REGRADE Based on Field Survey ENGINEER'S PLANNING LEVEL COST ESTIMATE August 20,2001 G&O#01657.00 NO. ITEM QUANTITY UNIT PRICE AMOUNT GRADING AND LANDSCAPING IMPROVEMENTS 1 Mobilization,Cleanup&Demobilization 1 LS $ 12,000.00 $ 12,000.00 2 Locate and Protect Existing Utilities 1 LS $ 500.00 $ 500.00 3 Clearing and Grubbing 1.5 AC $ 6,000.00 $ 9,000.00 4 Removal of Structures and Obstruction 1 LS $ 1,500.00 $ 1,500.00 5 Tree Removal and Replanting 7 EA $ 200.00 $ 1,400.00 6 Temporary Water Pollution/Erosion Control 1 LS $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 7 Construction Surveying,Staking,and As-built Drawings I LS $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 8 CPEP Storm Sewer Pipe 4 In.Diam. 30 LF $ 20.00 S 600.00 9 Structural Fill for Cart Path 4,500 TN $ 9.00 $ 40,500.00 10 Crushed Surfacing Top Course 150 TN $ 18.00 $ 2,700.00 11 Asphalt Conc.Pavement Cl.B 90 TN $ 70.00 $ 6,300.00 12 Topsoil Type A 1,100 TN $ 14.00 $ 15,400.00 13 1 Sod Installation 6,200 SY $ 5.00 $ 31,000.00 14 1 Irrigation Revisions I LS $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 Subtotal(Items 1-14): $127,900.00 Sales Tax @ 8.8%: $11,255.20 TOTAL ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST $139,155.20 30%Construction Contingencies $41,746.56 Subtotal $180,901.76 ENGINEER'S PLANNING LEVEL COST ESTIMATE $181,000 DATE:August 20,2001 PREPARED BY:Matt Winkelman,E.I.T. CHECKED BY:Roger Kuykendall,P.E. Roughly 1,250 TN of fill material will be used for landscaping feature. At$9.00 per TN,this cost is$11,250. The additional landscaping features will also add approximately 1,200 SY of topsoil and sod. At$14.00 per TN,the golf cours's share of the cost for 6"of topsoil is$8,400. The difference in cost between sod and hydroseed is approximately$3.50 per SY. Over 1,200 SY,the golf course's share of the cost for sod is$4,200. The cost of relocating and replanting trees is also added into the golf course's portion. The total amount to be paid by the golf course is$11,250+$8,400+$4,200+$1,400=$22,850 or$23,000. 8/27/2001 7:53 AM Page 1 of 1 M:\Renton\01657\fin_cost.xls �jS-, 77 3 ?q 2 � X 7 �I �t/L- C'-o•�`,f/ C� C�D�T �a.? Ur,N i7.8� ! 1.t� 3(+7 1 2. 9'3 Z' 75 77 73 -2 o"7 Zoe 'I Z 1, - K3 j i r Z I . 9 8 wq 6 -7 gS •2� 3o ?' TP — ` i _. 4 1; ► Z,75- 3 F errw✓ 71 J IV . c. STRliC IRE INV-P �IOEY Ai'Q MP—EDS ASSESS�n Tr Date - r� General Inventory Information 1. River I�-rarrae of Structure_ A& Lt�- 2. Rives mile and bar-& '!raining levee, flood control levee o revetrnent 3. Access from what read? (address, name, or descri 'on Municipality .structure•i s. located in ✓i` ` l --- - 1 77 4. Length: from design _ Width(slope length) : fran design measured D measured • . 5. Slope gradient toe design: weighted or buried 6. Rock thickness rock size 7. Original cubic yards rock (rock-thickness x sq. area of structure) 8. Existing design drawings? yes_; no Is structure built in accordance to design? yes 9. Is there an existing maintenance/repair agreement? :yes _no CA Mot- Cd At E+`i►�t t iQt 1 with what agency?: Army Corps of Engineers Ctnc.Itne�d "e) SCS - ----------- federal flood assistance project FQAA 10. Is there an existing access/repair easement?: yes o f,(AnY{Dtit'Y�GtY1y CjOC,QYY1P.111or1 tMq wht;7? 11. ?motion of structure on river: a. strzig t channel �r _ length b. inside curve — length c. outside curve length 12. Structure protects: urban, residential, commercial, industrial, recreation agricultural • open space ri ge, oad. m�ti-.�rrn (otu derw�i}�fok3 J 5h°t'�ir� c�rt�t�r Luc---) -4V compteX rv� post 4�f �ta aP� nvnuv4'ur(T Z- 900 ut'�� u�p� anim4zv -�Arm b(AlUrnc-o ye etstion Inventory (ccxrplete separate sheets for each section of the structure iF you have Oivided it into inside/outside curve and straight, use one sheet if you are inventorying the structure as one length.) (Inc icate-iJhat. secti n and. langth is inventoried. on this sheet) R }LNC 0 A _ D_ metal vegetation cover of struct�lre_ 100%-70%, 70i-30% 30,.-0 (dense) (moderate) (sparse)�� v� ,c, 5�Ylp ►ro�t �n ovcx'�3t'`n+l�iw Y (o tcCn;� *j Jr { VU `r Ajc e�. G.m i1C&,1 ,ev drl�j V42C7 ��w1 t. d•..0rowiy10 ,n te� fe�4w clw np. pi-,04 kre J+. Total square yards of vegetation on structure: a. Potential control area; 1 sq. yds. (length of structure or length of section x width of vegetative growth area) . ��t ds. b. Existing_.... xisting � � Y (potential or control area x % total vegetation cover on structure) . I gtZl�ihG�J, GtI a,W miyeA Al4er, miyc -�r6v;2 -VjII63 betYii bYN�h tr tt'a,wc .`��xin5h _ - -- CC -- d % cover of bank. (fram question #14) 2) 6 1) . total sq- yam• 2) height stem diameter . . . . . . . % of`decid. leaf cover out in bud, flower, or fruit? . . . . . . location on t . structure: ' water Is edge to midslo mid to access rd. top of structure on access rd. Notes: (unique features or problems pertaining to vegetation, any summary analysis) . ` - .- Y * 1) within 12' flail reach *2)beYond 12' flail reach Vegetation Inventory (complete separate sheets for each section of the structure if you have divided it into inside/outside curve and straight, use one sheet if you are inventorying the structure as one length.) (Indicate-i4hat--section and lengt'a is inventoried on this sheet) niNG _ 1-1A_ 'I`otal vegetation cover of structure: 100%-70% 70%-30% 30%-0% (dense) (raderate) (sparse) j� v �;—,c.• �raLN �►, �{cn - , j , cn. c Jar, Gov r h cam' ? b. 5ca�'cr�q ovYX'�ru�L. tJha�" IC►��i _-------• . mow 6441-rA _ 1+• _Total square yards of vegetation on structure: a. Potential control area' ' sq. yds. (length of structure or length of section x width of vegetative growth area) . b. E`xist i ncr sI• yds. (potential or control area x % total vegetation cover on structure) _ gtc�, - 'OL fblac - miXu1 Alc(er; M� �Ycc� _ ,i11 . cox 15. }_ �h' bet'hc� "l�ru,�h$ Go(tonk ah — - —- - % coven of 1) bank. (fron question #14) 2) total sq. yds. height i I . . . . . . . ' , stem diameter % of deci.d. leaf cover out in bud, flower, or fruit? location on i I: structure: ' waterIs edge f to midslo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mid to access rd. top of structure on access rd. , . . . . . . . . Notes: (unique features or problem pertaining to vegetation, any surrra-ry analysis) . . . . . . . . . . . . .^4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1) within 12' flail reach *2)beYond 12' flail reach Vegetation Inventory cunt. 14,. General description of vegetation on: (include type, density, height, stability of vegetation corrmunity) a. area iediately behind structure to a depth of 50'375�;�(;mr Ce b. adjacent vegetation on unrevetted riverbank . . . . . .�. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . c. vegetation across river from structure: - " ' is vegetation directing flow toward structure? River Characteristics ' IT. Natural streambank composition: silt sand gravel clay 1$. Silt deposit on structure? yes 19. Damage potential due to river characteristics and location of structure on river: Circle one: highmoderate low -structure on outside curve -on straight channel -on inside curve --- -presence of gravel bar, island, -long, gent e -low velocity or log jam, diverting flow -gravel bar against structure deposit in f r on t�o structure. -narrow channel channel shift -cha-u_el shifting away - high flow capacity needed Notes: ' Multi-Use Enhancement (consider land use, river characteristics, aesthetics, etc. , ) Zo. Indicate potential for multi-use enhancement and explain how and why: a. water access b. adjacent to park land C. trail development d. viewpoint e. wildlife habitat enhancement plantings f _ nP—.thAtic chnrncter Kl,4e.r 1983 Vegetation Maintenance Needs Assessment Management procedure is determined by the following combination of factors and information taken from the inventory: Location of St,—ucture on Maintenance Vegetation Type River Procedure / 1. .. Grass. Weeds, ,� All sites No cutti.n_g necessary herbaceous layer 2. Brush, woody a) in high domage -if dense to moderate cover stemmed shrubs potential areas and tallerithan 4' cut veg. to ground. -if sparse cover, cut veg. if causing problems. -If not cut in ' 83, should it be cut in 184? b) in moderate damage rif, der,,se to moderate cover potential areas and taller than 61 , then cut veg . 'to ground. -if sparse cover, , cut .veg. if creating problems. -if not cut in 183, should it be cut in 184? c) in low damage -allow veg& to grow, cut potential areas only veg . causing problems. 3. Blackberries a) in high damage !cnd ,mixed f dense to moderate -cover potential areas with other brush u ush above (2a} -if growing as isolated clumps and herbicide use approved, then spray. (consider aesthetics, adjacent land use, etc. ).- -if growing as isolated clumps, cut if taller than 4' . Opin moderate damage seeabove (3a)otential areas -hydro seed or replant area c) in low damage -cut only if causing potential areas problems. Location of Structure on Vegetation type River ;,�? ntenance Procedure 4. Trees, esp. a) high damage .. -if dense to moderate cover alder, cotton- potential area and mixed with other brush wood. then cut as brush (2a) . -if growing in isolated clumps then cut if stem 4 diameter is greater than 4 3 b) moderate damage -if mixed with brush then potential area cut as above (4a) . -if growing in isolated clumps then cut if stem diameter is greater than 6 c) low damage -allow to grow with brus�i ` potential area cut only if causing prob- lem. -cut i 'dn -d1ameter is greater than 6"diameter. -allow willows to grow until. density .or height catches too much debris. zt. lc-;) ti'tfcl 15 rV TuIC. rv�Abk,-�N- exp_-rimama( tc-,5litn �- (_er`tAin aff"Crrw-t7Vc� Crn�d�r• land USc.�bc�;nd ru ure,, lando�urfe,r prt�rcn�, �c�ch'��� ��'►�� wze— on blv�ry onto, L.oj�t�, r�rdant� �. .� �V3t1d���e. enhotrlG�rCten�" �lan�i�s _ Rock Needs 2L' . Type of problem: (check all appropriate) �. - a. levee with rock missing, subgrade exposed CQY- �rN� b. levee with toe slippage, bank exposed c. revetment with rock missing, subgrade exposed d . levee with rock missing, subgrade not exposed e. revetment with rock missing, subgrade not exposed f. revetment with toe slippage, bank exposed g. no problem evident h. no problem visible, vegetation obscuring rock. Veg. type i . potential problem (explain) j . other 23. Locate problem area on drawing of structure below: 175 CPA v r ��� 41 24. Location of problem on structure: ING 00 a. upper portion b. midslope C. lower portion entire face toe - 2;5. Maintenance priority: A r 8\ , C D t _ 20. Cubic yards of rock needed for repair - �7i 1 27 . Other repair needs 26. What are the consequences of not repairing thistyear? a. facility will fail at next high water b. damage to adjacent property (c additional rock will be lost d. facility will probably remain stable e. channel will change other , 21 . What is the apparent cause of this damage? a. upstream debris Oflood damage c. drainage problem behind structure d` last year' s maintenance not done r J e. vegetation problem f. deteriorating rock g. inadequate rock size other 57>Za OLL k IIIM ' rv-\?,6U -- - �. �D X WX I . 7.5" I , 75- x 3 )1 x -� .a as Zo 9 Access Roads 3b. Access to structure: � r length width Condition a ro::d f Is maintenance nee e/d? , (could a 38, 000 GV'S /truck bed driven on this t road?) r` 7 i..( / / ,r yy.. Is vegetation encroaching? `(type,`)height, deity, etc. Y- • cc>C'f 31 . Access on structure: length_ *7�) width Condition of road p �% r -�f / _ ✓f ` ' �f�f" Is maintenance needed? (could a 3 ,000 GVwl truck be driven on this road?) r`-' , Is vegetation encroaching? (type, height, density, etc. ) /7 b Access Gates 3Z. Are there access gates? M How many? 3-:5 Is there a problem? (Y/N) . If so, what -is it? � ;. Are there any fences associated with this structure? (Y/N) Approximate lineal feet Is there a problem? (Y/N) If so, what is it? Flood Gates 35. Are there any flood gates? How many? - 3(0 . Do they opercte? Culverts 37. Number of culverts at diameter Technical References Page 1 Page 1 of 1 ¢zq S50 Q U A 0 A M 0 .Water Structureso Water Controlling Water*" Technical References: Water Structures® are environmentally safe, stable water barriers used to contain, divert, and control the flow of water. The design consists of two polyethylene liners contained by a single woven geo- tech outer tube. When the two inner tubes are filled with water, the resulting pressure and mass create a stable, non-rolling wall of water. k A single tube filled with water will not provide a stable wall or dam. As the water builds up on one side of the PRESSRE tube the pressure on the wall of the tube begins to increase. Single Tube Water Barrier ---- L As a result of the building pressure, the water is pushed �� -PRESME from one side of the tube to the other side where the '�► j pressure remains low. As the water continues to move WATER from one side to the other,the tube begins to roll. DISPLACED Single Tube Water Barrier NEXT http://www.waterstructures.com/refs.html 11/14/2000 Technical References Page 2 Page 1 of 1 Technical References Page 2 Two water-filled tubes or columns placed side-by-side, will assume their natural shapes. If pressure is applied m .rP s4R6 to one side, the water is displaced in the first tube and causes it to roll. As the first tube rolls, it pushes on the MAIE& 'M«, �._._ Tan second tube moving the water from one side to the other ��EE�r. rkn t��4�x�.,t►: u+ and the two tubes roll together. Two Separate Water Barrier Tubes The Water Structure-> is able to offer a stable wall by containing two water columns in a single outer tube. The contained water columns are unable to assume their natural position and form a vertical wall in the middle as they press against each other. The pressure inside the tubes applies a substantial force to both sides of this vertical wall. Water Structure Ikk As water begins to build on one side of the structure the 4, inner tube naturally tries to roll. However, the friction ,I between the vertical walls and between the inner and -+�- �:., 41, outer tubes opposes the rolling tendency and the structure remains fixed. FRICTION FRICTION Water Structure PREVIOUS I NEXT http://www.waterstructures.com/refs2.html 11/14/2000 Technical References Page 3 Page 1 of 1 Technical References Page 3 As water builds up on one side of the Water Structure—>, the pressure displaces the water in the inner tubes. y ,. 1 RE.'3S fI However, because the inner tubes are unable to roll, the Water Structure—> assumes a position of equilibrium and behaves as a solid barrier. Water Structure In order to roll a filled Water Structure, it must be tipped end-over-end. This would require lifting all of the water PRESSURE mass in the first column up and over the second column. - - Even if the water builds to the top of the Water Structure, the pressure is far too low to provide enough force to lift the water mass and tip the Water Structure. The result is HATER MASS a stable, non-rolling barrier that forms a solid dam. Water Structure Previous I Next http://www.waterstructures.com/ref3.html 11/14/2000 Technical References Page 4 Page 1 of 1 Technical References Page4 i i In order for the Water Structure—>to move as a result of the pressure exerted on one side, it must either be tipped end over end or slide across the surface on which it rests. In order to tip, the water pressure must lift the first inner tube up and over the second. The following calculations show the Water Structure's—> resistance to tipping: Assumptions: To facilitate the calculations, we will assume that the inner tubes are generally rectangular when filled. As the worst case scenario, we will assume that the water level on one side has reached the top of the Water Structure—>. P =pressure h=water depth D =width of Water Structure® I == length of Water Structure® p =mass density of water g = gravitational acceleration Y= specific weight of water F=force exerted on the face of the Water Structure® due to pressure (P) A= area of the side face of the Water Structure® W=weight of water in the inner tube V =volume of the inner tube P =pgh=yh PREVIOUS I NEXT http://www.waterstructures.com/refs4.html 11/14/2000 Technical Reference Page 5 Page 1 of 1 Technical References Page 5 A= hl F = PA =P,.SA W = yV The force exerted on the side of the water structure is then: } -y h h1 Having determined the force on the side of the Water Structure TM' we can evaluate the tendency of the Water StructureTM to tip. We assume point A as the pivot point and sum moments about this point. The moment created by each force, is a measure of how much the force contributes tc rotating the first column of water around point A. OR MA ph D I'U -p h 1-=0 2 2 2 3 Simplifying the expression we see that the stability of the Water Structure TM is dependant on the relationship between its width(D) and the depth of water it must resist. D=(.82)h The relationship above indicates the minimum width of the Water Structure TM to prevent it from tipping when resisting water with a depth(h) equal to the height of the Water Structure itself. The design height for the Water StructuresTM to prevent tipping would be described as: D>(.82)h In order to quantify the stability of the Water Structure TM we substitute the actual dimensions of the standard Water StructuresTM for D and h into the equation above. The results are expressed in terms of a safety factor. The safety factor indicates how many times greater the water pressure or water depth must be in order to roll the Water Structure TM. Based on the current Water StructuresTm designs, the safety factor against tipping when the water levels are to the top of the Water StructureTm are as follows: PREVIOUS I NEXT http://www.waterstructures.com/Refs5.html 11/14/2000 Technical References Page 6 Page 1 of 1 Technical References Page 6 INFLATED HEI HT INFLATED WIDTH SAFETY FACTOR (in inches) (in inches) AGAINST TIPPING 12 24 2.44 24 IF 4 2.34 36 1 68 2.30 xno 48 72 1 3.15 E4 IF 282 4.12 If the recommended maximum water depth is maintained,the safety factor against tipping is improved. The following table illustrates the improvement when recommended water depths are observed: INFLATED INFLATED SAFETY FACTOR HEIGHT WIDTH RECOMMENDED AGAINST (in inches) (in inches) MAXIMUM DEPTH TIPPING 12 24 3.65 24 46 18 3.11 36112 2.96 4.0 72 18 54 84 282 72 4.7 http://www.waterstructures.com/refs6.html 11/14/2000 TECHNICAL REFERENCES PAGE 7 Page 1 of 1 Technical References Page 7 The second method for moving the Water Structure® is to slide the entire structure. The resistance to sliding is provided by the friction between the ground and the structure. Although any type of barrier could slide along the ground if the pushing force were great enough, we will present the calculations for sliding the Water Structure® in order to quantify its tendency to slide. 11Y HIV -"a - PRESSU ------------ ... ,...,.. ..... ..•� ice.,.-w-+.....-. _ FRI TIO Water Structure® In addition to the variables already defined we add: µ=coefficient of friction between Water Structure® and its supporting surface f=friction force N=normal force (equivalent to weight) Assumptions: We are assuming that the supporting surface is smooth and flat. Any deviation from a smooth surface will add greater opposition to sliding. Again, we assume that the inner tubes are generally rectangular to facilitate the calculations. f=µN=µ W or 1x=2(y ho, �h1=0 PREVIOUS I NEXT http://www.waterstructures.com/refs7.html 11/14/2000 Technical References Page 8 Page 1 of 1 Technical References Page 8 Deriving a term for the coefficient of friction yields: 2 For current Water Structure--> designs, the coefficient of friction(µ)that will allow sliding when the water depth is equal to the height of the Water Structure—> are as follows: INFLATED INFLATED COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION FOR HEIGHT WIDTH SLIDING12 (in inches) (in inches) 12 24 .25 24 46 .26 36 68 .26 48 120 .2 72 186 .19 84 282 .15 The coefficient of friction that will allow sliding if the recommended maximum water depths are observed as follows: INFLATED INFLATED RECOMMENDED COEFFICIENT OF HEIGHT WIDTH MAXIMUM DEPTH FRICTION FOR (in inches) (in inches) (in inches) SLIDING 12 24 8 .11 24 46 18 .15 36 68 71 28 11 .16 48 120 36 .11 72 186 54 .11 84 282 72 .11 Coefficients of friction ranging from .10 - .20 indicate that the surface may be quite slippery. For example, the coefficient of friction between two pieces of greased or oiled steel is .10 - .20. Again we have assumed that the surface under the Water Structure-> will be comparatively rough and will pose even greater opposition to sliding than indicated in the calculations above. The principles used to create the Water Structure—> are simple, yet effective. The stable non-rolling wall of water conforms to the surface beneath it, creating a tight seal. The Water Structure—> will not tip or move even if water levels rise to the very top of the structure. Water Structures—>provide a lightweight, reusable and ecologically-safe method of temporary water control. HOME I TECH REFERENCES http://www.waterstructures.com/refs8.html 11/14/2000 Water Structures® user Guide - Cover Page 1 of 1 User's Guide: - -�' '�s kd•?�u WATER STRUCTURES UNLIMITEDTM P.O. BOX 206 CARLOTTA, CA 95528 (707) 768-3439 LOW-IMPACT ENVIRONMENTAL WATER DIVERSION, CONTAINMENT, AND STORAGE STRUCTURES Next Page... http://www.waterstructures.com/guide/guide—c.html 11/14/2000 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 of 1 Page I. Introduction 1 H. About the Company 1 HI. Patents 1 IV. Concept. 2 V. Applications 3 VI. Site Selection and Size Criteria 4 A. Water Depth 5 B. Water Velocity 5 C. Installation Site 5 D. Climate/Spring Run Off 6 E. Other Site Criteria 6 Vu. Installation 6 A. Small Water Structures 6 1. Equipment List 6 2. Manpower 6 B. Large Water Structures 7 1. Equipment List 7 2. Manpower 7 C. Installation Procedures 8 D. Joining Water Structure 12 IX. Maintenance Procedures 15 X. Removal 15 XI. Safety 16 Appendix 18 Next Page... or: Back to Main Page http://www.waterstructures.com/guide/toc.html 11/14/2000 User's Guide, Page 1 Page 1 of 1 INTRODUCTION Protection and objective management of water resources within the United States have become significant public issues during the last two decades. The importance of conservation, water pollution, and the utilization of water resources is expected to increase as a result of increased demand, deteriorating water quality, pollution, protection of endangered species, and water shortages. Past practices by industry,public, and private sectors in the utilization of fluvial or wetland environments can no longer be tolerated. The days of building earthen levees within the ecosystem of a stream, river or lake are no longer acceptable to the general public. Water Structures®Unlimited offers a low-impact environmental alternative to past practices of building earthen barriers in fluvial systems by digging or trenching with large pieces of heavy equipment, which commonly caused long term damage to local streams, rivers, lakes, and wet lands. There is a growing realization of the importance of rational water management programs that protect water systems for future use, but also allow present day industrial operations to continue in an economical manner. The US Corp. of Engineers has, and is presently approving the use of Water Structures®made by Water Structures Unlimited as a viable, environmentally acceptable method of diverting or containing water in our nations water ways and wetlands. The following is an overview of Water Structures®Unlimited; the various applications of Water Structure; site and size requirements; equipment and manpower requirements; installation techniques; safety, maintenance, and removal of Water Structures. ABOUT THE COMPANY Water Structures®Unlimited is a sole proprietorship created to offer a new concept for managing water diversions, water and silt containment, emergency flood control management, levee toppings, and water storage. Over five years research, development and testing are involved in the present design of the Water Structures—+ described in this text. Several patents have been issued to Water Structures Unlimited® and the development and testing of new designs and more efficient structures continues. Water Structures®Unlimited® offers installation services, consulting services. Regarding the design and implementation of your containment, diversion, or storage needs, and the sale of Water Structures—> for customer installation. Possibly the most important features of Water Structures—> are the ease and speed at which they can be installed in emergency situations. PATENTS Water Structures®Unlimited® presently has several US Patents on the design and utilization of multiple chambered Water Structures—>that use water as the inflation media, and the technique used in connecting, or joining multiple Water Structure-> sections. Patent No.: US PATENT No. 5059065 Patent No.: Issued but not received by Water Resources Unlimited at the time of printing of this User's Guide. Next Page... Previous Page. http://www.waterstructures.com/guide/guidel.html 11/14/2000 Page 2 Page 1 of 1 CONCEPT Water Structures-> function like portable dams or barriers that are positioned wherever needed to contain or divert the movement of water. Water Structures-> consist of two basic parts 1.) an 'outer or master tube' made of a woven plastic fiber 2.) multiple 'inner tubes' composed of 10 mm thick polyethylene. The 'outer tube' and 'inner tube' combine to form a water structure as shown in Figure 1., a cut away section illustrating the relationship between the 'inner and outer tubes' of a typical Water Structure. TYPICAL WATER STRUCTURE: LY ce. A B -A and B are 10 mm polyethylene plastic 'inner tubes, that are inflated with water. - C is the 'outer tube or master tube' made of a polypropylene woven plastic fabric which confines the 'inner tubes' and that gives the Water Structure-> its strength and durability along with the massive weight of the confined water. Figure 1. A cross section of a typical large (41-101) Water Structure-+ illustrating the relationship between the two polyethylene 'inner tubes' filled with water encased by a stronger but flexible outer tube' made of a woven (geotextile)plastic fabric. Water is pumped into the 'inner tubes' during the inflation process. The durable woven'outer tube' confines the inflated 'inner tubes'. The counter friction/hydraulic pressure between the 'inner tubes' along with their inherent weight stabilizes the entire Water Structure-*. Counter friction stabilizes the structure and keeps it from rolling when lateral water pressure is exerted against it. Given the inherent flexibility of polyethylene, and the weight of the Water Structures-* when filled, Water Structures-> will readily conform to most sedimentary surfaces, river beds, or other fluvial terrains. Next Page, Previous Page http://www.waterstructures.com/guide/guide2.html 11/14/2000 Page 3 Page 1 of 2 Water Structures® come in a variety of sizes, ranging from one to ten feet in height when inflated. Water Structures® come in standard lengths of 50, 100, and 200 feet. Customized lengths are available upon request. Two or more water structures can be joined together to form structures of any workable length. Structures are joined together by a unique coupling collar method. (patented by Water Structures® Unlimited) which can create almost any length of Water Structure. The configuration of Water Structures® on the ground or in a fluvial environment is almost limitless. They can be used in a straight line, form an arc, or encircle a building. Water Structures® can also be connected at angles to each other, as may be required by the task. Water Structures® are commonly assembled at the factory and shipped, intact, ready to use at the job site. However, it is not unusual to assemble a Water Structure on site due to changes or specific needs of the job site. A typical Water Structure consists of the 'outer tube or master tube' and at least two 'inner tubes. wrapped around and rolled up on a section of PVC or metal pipe (core) as shown in Figure 2. The core also plays an important part in the installation in some circumstances and transportation of larger size Water Structures® around the work site. MASTER OUTER TUBE - - (WOVEN PLASTIC) �. <IK {�K2s _ + TWO �4 � " '� h POLYETHYLENE CORE FOR INSTALLATION 10mm INNER AND TRANSPORTATION TUBES Figure 2. A typical factory assembled Water Structure®prior to installation, showing the 'inner and outer tubes' rolled up around the core. One end of the assembled tubes is left open for filling purposes; the other end is sealed and/or may contain a coupling collar used in joining a second Water Structure. APPLICATIONS Water Structures® Unlimited offers a wide range of applications for the use of Water Structures as well as installation and consulting services. Listed below are some of the more beneficial uses or applications of Water Structures: - Water diversion during pipeline installation in rivers or standing water - Water containment during repairs on bridges, sewage, and power plants - Flood control in rural or urban area, fast effective installation times - Erosion control through diversion or containment of flowing water - Temporary reservoirs for water storage in and areas http://www.waterstructures.com/guide/guide3.html 11/14/2000 Page 4 Page 1 of 2 - Silt containment, sediment collection, or settling ponds - Water storage for stock or wildlife in arid or drought plagued areas - Water storage of spring run-off water - Fire protection (water storage) in rural areas - Levees, levee toppings - Fish habitat restoration (containment) - Agricultural uses - Hazardous waste or oil spills (containment) - Portable dams - Temporary storage of hydrocarbons from spills - Temporary foot bridge through environmentally sensitive areas - Wet lands management When used for flood control and augmenting levees, for example, Water Structures@ are as effective as sandbags and sheet piling. They can be installed much quicker and at a fraction of the cost of these more traditional methods of controlling flood water. Consider also the amount of water that can be stored in a standard ten foot Water Structure@ with a width of 22 feet and a length of one hundred feet filled to its theoretical capacity, about 100,000 gallons of water. Water Structures@ are durable, long lasting, and with proper installation and removal from service can be stored and used again and again. Should an 'inner tube' develop a leak, polyethylene replacement tubes are available from Water Structures@ Unlimited. Water Structures@ are relatively easy to install, requiring only a couple of portable pumps, an available water supply, and depending on the size of the Water Structure@ a few laborers. Manpower requirements are discussed later under the heading of Installation. SITE SELECTION AND SIZE CRITERIA Site selection criteria determines the size and number of Water Structure@ to be used. Seven standard sizes are presently available from Water Structures Unlimited. Customized Water Structures@ greater than ten feet in height are available upon request. Water Structure@ selection is determined by the height of water to be contained and diverted, stream bed slope water velocity, and maximum projected changes in water levels after inflation. Table 1. lists the seven basic sizes of Water Structures that are presently available and their recommended water depth usage. STANDARD WATER STRUCTURE SIZES AND RECOMMENDED USE SIZES HEIGHT WIDTH LENGTH WATER DEPTH (obi (INCHES) (INCHES) (INCHES) (FEET) (INCHES) 12 12 22 50,100,200 8 18 17 31 50,100,200 12 �i m�Ih 24 24 44 50,100,200 18 /1 36 36 66 50,100,200 28 52 52 120 50,100,200 40 W l 78 78 186 50,100,200 54 j bod rj 120 120 260 50,100,200 70 1 �� http://www.waterstructures.com/guide/guide4.html 11/14/2000 Page 4 Page 2 of 2 Table 1. Standard sizes of Water Structures and recommended water depth usage in non-flowing water conditions. Lateral pressures from flowing water as in a river may require multiple Water Structures installed parallel with each other. Depending on the amount of current the above water depths would be lowered proportionately. Next Page, Previous Page http://www.waterstructures.com/guide/guide4.html 11/14/2000 Page 5 Page 1 of 2 Water Depth- The height of water to be contained by the Water Structure® is most important in selecting the proper Water Structure® size. A good rule of thumb for determining the water height after diversion is as follow: Add 1.) the maximum water depth along the installation site, 2.)the average depth of water at the installation site, 3.) and the difference in elevation(water levels) between the installation and diverted water sites. These three numbers equal the height of water that will be found at the installation site after the Water Structures®have been installed and water is now flowing through the diversion channel, see Figure 3. HEIGHT DETERMINATION ON INSTALLED WATER STRUCTURES 2, DWL EWL 31 5' DIVERSION 14, # CHANNEL EXISTING EWL=EXISTING WATER LEVEL CHANNEL DWL=DIVERTED WATER LEVEL a'=TOTAL WATER WEIGHT Figure 3. The height of water to be retained by a Water Structure® is related to the maximum depth of water at the installation site,the average depth of water along the installation site, and the difference in water levels between the installation site and the diversion point. Figure 3. illustrates the importance of determining the projected height of water after installation and fun inflation of the Water Structures. Estimating the height of water to be retained by a Water Structure® is often underestimated by 25-50%resulting _in inadequate barriers, increased costs, and potentially unsafe conditions. Water Velocity - When a Water Structure® is used to stem a water flow, some consideration must also be given to the velocity of the water running around the end of the Water Structure® during installation. When the water flow is being pinched off during installation, the water velocity will increase and, depending on the firmness of the stream/river bed that the water structure is being laid over, may cause some undercutting around the end of the structure as it is being installed. This would result in an increase in the height of the water to be retained and should be considered in the above analysis when determining the maximum water height. Current velocity will also play an important part in the installation of a Water Structure. For example, during installation a Water Structure has to be filled to a higher capacity so as to prevent it from rolling down stream. Installation Site - Water Structures® can be installed on top of most types of soils or fluvial bottom materials, including flat lying bed rock, mud, sand, gravel, small rocks, and vegetation. Select a site that is smooth, flat, and void of wire, rebar, sharp objects, garbage, glass or dead vegetation containing tree branches, etc. The slope of the river bed should also be relatively flat or inclined in the direction of the up stream or contained water. Police the entire area for holes or washed out areas which may cause problems during installation. http://www.waterstructures.com/guide/guide5.html 11/14/2000 Page 6 Page 1 of 1 Climate/SRrinL- Rtin Off- Spring run-off from winter snow-packs, local wet seasons, and thunderstorms effect water levels in rivers, lakes, and wet lands and are important in local areas of the country. Projects that have flexible construction dates should be correlated 'With favorable weather conditions and potentially high water levels. Other Site Criteria- All of the above factors are important considerations once the site has been selected. The following are additional factors that may influence the site selection. -Width of the river is important, since a location on a wide, shallow river is easier to control that a narrow deep river with rapids. -An extremely rugged alpine river bed with large angular boulders, etc. within the stream bed is a difficult area to install structures, since a good tight seal can only be accomplished through the removal of said boulders by hand or heavy equipment. - Access to the area by road or trail is helpful in transporting the Water Structure. However, Water Structures® are extremely portable and can be moved down a river or lake by rowboat or canoe. Larger rolled-up Water Structure®will also float. INSTALLATION Installation procedures in this section cover Water Structures® installed in either standing or moving water. Both require the same procedures; however, flowing water does pose problems which require additional manpower, water pump capacity, and possibly assistance from heavy equipment if permitted. The size of the Water Structures®to be installed and the velocity/volume of flowing water dictates the equipment and manpower needs at the job site. SMALL WATER STRUCTURES (12 -36 INS: Equipment List: - Two portable gasoline water pumps (100+ gpm) or one split outlet gasoline pump (100+gpm); - 2+ inch discharge and suction hoses per pump; - Two or three wet suits (chest waders); - One roll of duct tape per each installed Water Structure; - Two or three pocket knifes or one per laborer on the job and one pair scissors; - 100 feet of 1/2 inch rope for tie downs per installed structure; - Two shovels; Manpower: Two or three laborers are required to install the smaller two tube Water Structures. The number of structures to be installed, time constraints, and access to the installation sites may dictate the need for additional help. Next Page, Previous Page http://www.waterstructures.com/guide/guide6.html 11/14/2000 Page 7 Page 1 of 1 LARGE WATER STRUCTURES (52-120 inch Equipment List: - Two to four high capacity gasoline water pumps (150-200+gpm minimum), "pumps of equal output", a 6-10 foot structure could use 300400 gpm pumps (4 cylinder) or 4 smaller pumps; -A 2 inch, minimum diameter, discharge and suction hose per pump; -Three to six wet suits (chest waders); -Two rolls of duct tape for each installed Water Structure; -Five to eight pocket knives, one per laborer and one pair scissors; -250 feet of 1/2 inch rope per line for each 100 foot structure that is installed, i.e. a four rope set up on a ten foot structure would require 1000 feet of rope; -Four shovels and one or two sheets of 1/2 inch plywood 4'X8'; -Two-four 4 inch OD metal posts about 7 feet long; Manpower: Five to eleven laborers are needed to install the larger Water Structures; The exact number of laborers is related to structure size, number of structures, terrain, water velocity, water depths, and time constraints. Standing water conditions require the fewest number of laborers (usually 1-5 less laborers). The following chart better describes the manpower needs during a typical installation of 4 to 10 foot Water Structures' RECOMMENDED MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS DURING INSTALLATION IN MOVING WATER WATER ROPE NUMBER OF NUMBER OF NUMBER OF STRUCTURE ASSISTED LABORERS LABORERS LABORERS SIZE INSTALLATION IN WATER ON PUMPS ON ROPES 1-3 FEET NO 1-3 0-1 0 4 FEET NO 4-6 1 0 4 FEET YES-2 2-4 1 2 6 FEET YES-3 3-5 1 3 10 FEET YES-4 4-6 1 4 Table 2. Manpower requirements based on a particular size of Water Structure® in moving water, The chart also provides the number of ropes commonly used with a specific structure size. Note that 4, 6, and 10 foot structures are commonly installed with the aid of ropes. Only in standing water would rope assisted installations not be used on larger size Water Structures. Strong water velocities or currents require more manpower to insure installation and to secure the safety of those in the water. The above list does not address personnel that might be operating heavy equipment at the site. A coordinator of activities or who over sees the installation procedure is also recommended, Next Page, Previous Page http://www.waterstructures.com/guide/guide7.html 11/14/2000 Page 8 Page 1 of 1 In most installations, very little site preparation work is required. The area should be policed for objects that might puncture the Water Structure®during installation. Be sure you have the right size and length Water Structure® at the correct location. It's a "lousy" feeling when you unroll a 10 foot Water Structure® and find out you are 25 feet short. Check your measurements and do not forget that portion of the structure that laps upon to the river bank, shore, or berm (about 8-10 feet). This Guide assumes that all Federal, State, County, and City Permits have been obtained by appropriate personnel, project contractor or the persons in authority_At the site and that all conditions or restrictions have been addressed and discussed with the personnel installing the structures, field supervisors, and 12rime contractor and compan3: management Water Structures®Unlimited also recommends that the buyer(Prime Contractor, Company Supervisor, etc.)have an understanding of the above permits and have authority or knowledge of what can or can not be done within the river bed (lake), should the use of heavy equipment be needed. INSTALLATION PROCEDURES 1. Unpack and remove any shrink wrap that may be securing the Water Structure, with scissors, carefully. Transport the structure to the installation point. Be sure not to snag or puncture the polyethylene as this would result in leaks. If the structure is to be moved by heavy equipment, use straps secured around the structure then connect the straps to the heavy equipment for transportation. 2. Position the assembled Water Structure perpendicular to the path that it is to be unrolled and at an elevation(berm, river bank, etc.)higher than the highest projected water mark on the installed structure. Leave some- slack at the bank in the tube(s) for tying off the ends of the tubes after the structure has been filled. It may be necessary to build a berm at the starting point by hand or with heavy equipment. Let the rolled up Water Structure®roll down the berm into the water. Larger structures will float, but do not let it float away. Water Structures® four or more feet in height commonly require restraining lines around the unrolled portion of the structure during filling. Without these lines or ropes the pressure of the water in the 'inner tubes' would cause the Water Structure®to unroll before the proper inside head pressure is achieved. The number of ropes (lines) required by a particular sized structure is discussed in Table 2 and Figure 4. 3. If ropes are to be used in the installation process, they should be cut and placed under the structure at this time before water is added and secured to the metal posts mentioned in the list of suggested equipment, see Figure 4. The metal posts should be driven into the ground 2-3 feet with either a back hoe or by sledge hammer, etc. The ropes are attached to the base of the metal posts, then run under the structure, over the top, and back to the metal post, where they are tied off in a manner that would allow the rope to be let out sparingly. The rope should be twice as long as the length of the structure when inflated plus an extra 50 feet. One laborer should man each rope and each laborer should understand all signals that n-might be used during the unrolling and inflation sequence. Only one person should be giving signals to the "rope holders", preferably someone in the water next to the unrolled portion of the structure or the coordinator on top of the structure as it is being unrolled and inflated. The coordinator should also watch for structure movement or rolling in the unrolled structure due to an inadequate head, as well as movement in those structures already installed, if any. Next Page, Previous Page http://www.waterstructures.com/guide/guide8.html 11/14/2000 Page 9 Page 1 of 2 TYPICAL WATER STRUCTURE DURING INSTALLATION - PUS - _ ;r ,�; r• :•�., .:�+::'i!"--'ram""' 'a `i - EF RE- - ti F' WATER .� '...�;.� P UMPS PUMPS Figure 4. Water StructureO during installation showing the location of the ropes, posts and the inflating structure. 4. After the fill hoses have been installed in to the 'inner tubes, a 'yard' of dirt dumped on the master tube between the two inner tubes at the very end of the structure on the berm, will help hold the structure during 'installation. Should the crew loose control of the structure during installation, the "yard" of dirt may keep it from taking off down stream, see Figure 5. Leave some slack in the 'inner tubes'for tying-off-the ends after the Water Structure® has been filled. ROPES IN BERM • INFLATED STRUCTURE. DUMP WATER HEAD LEVEL -RIVER BED- S' MIh11I'r+IUM Figure 5. A cross section of a structure partly installed illustrating the location of the berm, pumps, ropes, and laborers. http://www.waterstructures.com/guide/guide9.html 11/14/2000 Page 10 Page 1 of 2 5.lnsert the discharge hoses from the water pump 6-8 feet into the polyethylene 'inner tubes', gather up the loose polyethylene around the hoses and secure with duct tape, if necessary. Should the end of the hose have sharp points or edges, wrap duct tape around them, since the end of the hose will have a tendency to flop around when water is flowing through the hose. Be sure the intake (suction) hose is in deep water on the up stream side and not on the side being drained. Make sure the water pumps are full of gasoline and a spare five gallon gasoline can is stored nearby: on land, It is very important that the 'inner tubes'be filled rapidly and generally at the same pace (simultaneously). Be sure there are no kinks in the discharge lines from the pumps, as this will cut the pump capacities by 50-75%. The larger the water pump capacity, the faster the job will be completed. A water Structure 4+ feet high and a 100 foot long should be installed in no more than 1-1.5 hours. 6.Once the ropes are manned, the pumps are primed and ready, and the Water StructureO is properly aimed in the right direction, the pumps can be turned on and the inflation processes begin. Figure 6 shows a picture of restraining lines (ropes) used during installation of a ten foot Water Structure. The unrolled section should be unrolled at about six inches at a time to maintain a six-twelve inch head. Smaller structures can be unrolled more rapidly especially if the stream currents (water volumes) are small. Laborers should be aware that standing at the end of the unrolled section is dangerous should the ropes fail and the structure unwrap rapidly forcing a laborer under the structure. This is why all laborers should carry knives to slit the structure open on both sides, immediately to relieve water pressure on anyone pinned under the structure. " ':�"�,,,.m �'�`° � ,sue^ �� � •� ,, " en; pp , Figure 6. A ten foot Water StructureO being installed on the San Juan River in northern New Mexico. Note the use of four restraining lines and four laborers in water. http://www.waterstructures.com/guide/guide 1 O.html 11/14/2000 Page 11 Page 1 of 1 7. Water should be entering both inner tubes at the same rate and the master tube should be rising out of the water equally on both sides. In flowing water a head of at least 6-12 inches should be maintained in the structure at all times above the surrounding water. Head is described here as, that portion of the Water Structure-> that rises above the surrounding water during inflation. In stronger currents 12 inches of head should be maintained on the inflating structure, see Figure 5. Flowing water will have a tendency to push the structure down stream. The 6-12 inch of head of water within the structure is the positive weight that keeps the structure on the river bed and from taking off down stream. However, the greater the head, the harder it is to restrict unrolling of the structure, so a happy medium must be worked out during the installation process. 8. 'ROLLING' of a structure during installation occurs when there is an insufficient head of water on the structure during or after installation. Water levels will rise rapidly during installation and should be monitored continuously by the crew in the water and the supervisor standing on the structure or in the water. Sometimes rolling is hard to detect but usually the following are indications of rolling: a. Visual lateral movement of the structure is the best indicator. b. The seams on the structure are straight for some distance but appear bent in the middle of the installed structure, bowing of the central part of section. c. Water marks or muddy marks can be seen increasingly higher along the sides of the structure, crescent shaped marks. d. The structure is no longer pointed in the direction originally taken. e. Once installed and during the final inflation of the structure, an object can be place down stream to see if it is being encroached upon by the structure. f. Rolling could occur in areas along a structure where, during installation the structure was turned or twisted. These are generally the weakest points along a fully inflated Water Structure. g. If rolling is beginning to take place or evidence of rolling can be seen along the structure then steps should be taken to correct it or a 1-2 inch change in water level could wipe out all of the installed structures. Keep a maximum amount of water in the 'inner tubes' and always fill your structures to their recommended height with heads of 12 inches or greater above adjoining water. Surrounding water heights may be higher than planned once installed. In this case the structure could be shored-up by using material from the river bed on the down stream side or river bank, see Figure 7. Remember that your Government Permit may not allow for any digging in the river. There should be an understanding of what can or can not be done to shore-up the structures with 2-3 feet of dirt/rock. Know your permits and be prepared. Next Page, Previous Page http://www.waterstructures.com/guide/guide l l.html 11/14/2000 Page 12 Page 1 of 1 h. Rolling should be monitored from the time the structure is being installed until it is removed from the job site, if it is of concern due to changing water levels. i. Other solutions to 'rolling' are to install a smaller water structure, directly down stream behind the rolling structure or by increasing the amount of water in the structure. In standing water, the water that has been removed from behind the structure could be replaced/returned until a solution is reached, or water levels drop. SHORING-UP CROSS SECTION -NO HEAD �a..a.aa.... ....a..♦..>.i..a..<.a.....a.a..a.. .a.. �F�I�RII� ..a...:.� ..a..a.;air>n�an• a.... .�.. .as.a..a..a.. .a..a .. 'a.•... . . •a.•a.•..a..a..a...... . ..•a.a.•a..ae•..... UP :.a..�.aa.a.......;:. L :.......a.......a.a.........a ................. .....:. :'.: Figure 7. A cross section showing the placement of dirt/rock to shore up a Water Structure that shows signs of rolling. Other temporary solutions to rolling are the use available-heavy equipment as barriers or by installing a second structure behind the moving structure, immediately. JOINING WATER STRUCTURE SECTIONS: Certain applications require that two or more water Structure sections be linked or coupled together to form a longer Water Structure. The following procedure illustrates how this is accomplished, the procedure assumes Water Structures@ joined in a straight line. 1. Before a second Water Structure@ can be attached to an already installed Water Structure, the first Water Structure@ must have an accessible coupling collar, see Figure 8a. The coupling collar should extend 6-10 feet from the end of the installed master tube. The other end of the coupling collar is already tightly secured around the previously installed master tube, see Figure 8a. 2. Position the assembled new(second)Water Structure@ directly behind and in-line with the filled section and unroll about six feet of the new section, see Figure 8a. 3. Gather up four or five feet at the end of one 'inner tube, lightly twist it or bunch it up, and wrap with duct tape, see Figure 8b. Do the same thing to the other'inner tube @ This-will allow the 'inner tubes' to be easily inserted and pulled through the slits on top of the master tube coupling collar. Next Page, Previous Page http://www.waterstructures.com/guide/guidel2.html 11/14/2000 Page 13 Page 1 of 1 SLIT IN COLLAR AND MASTER TUBE TWISTED TUBES NEW FILLEDIN NEW NA SECTION SECTION Ir S LLEC} i# INST LLED SE rOrwl SE ]ON COUPLING COUPLING COLLAR COLLAR OPEN UP PUMP TWISTED TUBES NEW TUBES JMd HOSES NEW te SECTION SECTION ?� INS T LLED INS T LLED SE ION SE ;ION — / (b ) COUPLING COUPLING COLLAR ( d ) COU AR Figure 8 a, b, c, and d. Illustrations showing the different steps taken in the process of joining two Water Structures—> together. No water has been pumped in to the second(new) structure in any of these four illustrations. 4. Carefully cut two slits perpendicular to the length of the filled master tube. Each slit should be large enough to accommodate the wrapped inner tube. The two slits should be positioned midway between the end of the coupling collar and the filled master tube up on the filled section. Again, be careful not to cut the filled tubes of the first section, see Figure 8c. The slits should be about four feet apart on a four-foot structure and six feet apart on a six-foot structure. 5. Insert the wrapped right'inner tube' through the slit on the right side of the coupling collar, and the wrapped left'inner tube' through the slit on the left side of the coupling collar, see Figure 8c. This is done by working your way inside the coupling collar, pushing the 'inner tube'toward the slit and having a second person reach through the slit and grab the tube and pull it through. The 'inner tube' should be pulled up through the slit, about four feet for a four foot high Water Structure—> and seven feet on a ten foot high Water Structure. Push and pull the 'outer tube' fabric inside the coupling collar and around the 'inner tubes' as best possible, especially on the bottom side. The new section should be totally enclosed by the coupling collar. The 4'X8'Xl/2" sheet of plywood described in the equipment list is for the pumps should they need to be placed on an inflated Water Structure—>. When two structures are coupled or attached together, pumps are generally set on the previously filled structure, about 15-20 feet from where they are now needed. The plywood should prevent a leak or damage to the structure due to vibrations, heat, sharp metal edges, screws, or bolts sticking out on pump skids. Next Page, Previous_Pagge http://www.waterstructures.com/guide/guide 13.htm1 11/14/2000 Page 14 Page 1 of 1 6. Remove the tape from around the twisted 'inner tubes' and insert the discharge hoses deep into the unfilled 'inner tubes' and secure with duct tape, see Figure 8d. Insert the pump hoses and secure them. Be sure there is extra master tube material and 'inner tube' material inside the coupling collar to insure a close fit with the end of the filled structure when filling the new structure begins. In strong currents it may be necessary to use ropes to restrain the unrolling of the second section in order to maintain a 6-12 inch head on the inflating structure. If ropes are needed splice them into the ropes used to install the first section and bring then up and over the second unrolled section. The ropes may have to be anchored to a piece of heavy equipment parked near the new take-off point, if the structures are no longer in a straight line or if you suspect the water currents will alter your direction of placement. The use of heavy equipment in the fluvial portion of a river must be in compliance with granted permits. 7. At this point the new section is ready to be filled in the same manner as the first section. Follow all of the applicable instructions previously presented to install the first Water Structure. Figure 9 is a drawing of two Water Structures, one filled and the other ready to be unrolled and filled. TWO WATER STRUCTURES SPLICED OR JOINED TOGETHER INNER TUBES FIRST 4, MASTER SECOND TUBE �. MASTER TUBE r� - a. '��' :•tee -:.:5•.. ...h..a:• .�4�P!T'4.:" n~��,.:-.�T�'':. �T•rR?_ - �.s�q r �a�„ .0•. — _ �r:.1x _ .::r.ran�i'! —�-+is 1�• �7. luifi� _ U PLI NG COLLAR Figure 9. Two Water Structures® are shown joined together by a coupling collar and ready to be inflated. Note the two 'inner tubes' sticking out and up from the middle portion of the coupling collar. 8. When the second section is filled, the water hoses can be removed from the 'inner tubes. The tubes are rewrapped with duct tape tightly and in such a manner that the tubes will stand by themselves upward. If possible, use duct tape to attach the two' upright'inner tubes' together, making them even more stable and preventing water from leaking out of the 'inner tubes. Remember the 'inner tubes' are not on top of a berm, above water level, and lying flat on the ground as was the case for the first section, see Figures 4 and 5. Water could easily leak out of the 'inner tubes', if they were allowed to lay flat on the surface of the master tube. Keep the inlet tubes standing erect and tape accordingly. Next Page, Previous Page http://www.waterstructures.com/guide/guide 14.html 11/14/2000 Page 15 Page 1 of 2 9. Tie off the ends of the Water Structures with rope where the sections are in contact with land. Check in and around the base of the installed sections for leaks that may be small at that time but can enlarge enough to under cut and wash the structures away. Fill or barricade the leaks with dirt, rocks' etc., it may be necessary to use the back hoe to move enough dirt to completely shut off these leaks. Material on the up stream side of the structure is most effective. Small flows of water are common near the bank where water currents were last cut off due to under cutting of the river bed during installation. These leaks should be plugged. MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES Installed Water Structures(V are durable and should last along time providing a regular maintenance program is implemented. The sections installed should be monitored regularly until leaks can be located and rolling is not a concern. The first 12 hours is probably the most critical time. There are three important observations that should be made on a regular basis. 1.) Leaks in the Water Structures; 2.) Leaks under the Water Structures; 3.) Infill tubes that have fallen over and are leaking; 4.) Rolling due to change in water levels. --- J Most leaks are of such a nature that they are resolved simply by pumping additional water into the structures on a regular basis. Identify which of the tubes is leaking, untie and unwrap the 'inner tube' and insert the discharge hose from the water pump and fill it. Sometimes, a leak is large enough to require a patch. To repair such a leak, first identify and isolate the area of the leak. Then, using a sharp knife, cut across' through the master tube and pull the material apart to expose the leak. Then, using tape provided by Water Structures®Unlimited, patch to the 'inner tube. Once the leak is repaired, cover the 'cross' cut in the master tube with the same repair tape. It should be noted that repairing leaks with patches is not recommended on Water Structures® greater than four feet in height, In most cases it is best to just add water on a regular basis. The woven GEO-TECH fabric that the master tube is made of is particularly resistant to penetration and can be walked on. The only time you might curtail foot traffic is during cold weather, when ice occurs within the 'inner tubes' during the long winter nights. The ice may cut the polyethylene when it cracks or breaks from foot traffic. REMOVAL http://www.waterstructures.com/guide/guide 15.htm1 11/14/2000 Page 15 Page 2 of 2 In most cases, large dimensioned Water Structures® functioning as dams are used on a one time basis and are destroyed when removed. However,there are many ro< � applications where a Water Structure® can . � be saved and reused at a later date. :141 Specifically, if a Water Structure is installed in standing water or in an area where the water pressure can be equalized on both sides of the structure, it can be disassembled and saved for future use. Water Structures®placed in a fluvial Rerolling Water Structure after use. system are difficult to save. Once the master tube is allowed to deflate the structure will roll down stream., twisting, etc. The quickest way to deflate the structure is to cut both side of the section with knives, cutting through the master tube and the 'inner tube I next to the fill tubes. Let the water drain from the structure, then pull it on shore. Next Page, Previous Page http://www.waterstructures.com/guide/guide 15.html 11/14/2000 Page 16 Page 1 of 1 Heavy equipment such as a back hoe can pull the structure from the stream or river while positioned at the river bank. The structure may be kinked and twisted beyond a point of saving once brought on shore. The ecological thing to do would be to save what you can. Damaged 'inner tubes' make good liners in and around urban landscaping projects to prevent weeds from growing. The tubes are heavy enough 10 mm to act as tarps over agricultural products or equipment. The procedure to drain and disassemble a Water Structure®used in standing water for storage is described as follows: 1. Assuming that the structure is still lying in water, the structure should be first drained as best possible. Cut or untie the 'inner tubes' at the far end of the structure and allow the structure to drain by slowly pulling the closed end of the structure upon to the bank. 2. After the Water Structure®has drained, secure the coupling collar by slipping the collar back over the master tube of the section until the collar is half way over end of the master tube. 3. Flatten out the 'inner tubes' and the master tube along said flat ground, making sure that the inner tubes are not kinked or twisted in anyway. If possible, use an air blower to facilitate the process. 4. Starting at the coupling collar end of the section, rewrap the water structure up around the core used in the installation process and secure it with rope for storage. The polyethylene material used to make the 'inner tubes' of a Water Structure® contains a one year ultraviolet direct light stabilizer. The shelf life of a stored Water Structure is indefinite. Any questions regarding this Users Guide descriptions or explanations of the use of or the installation of Water Structures® should be addressed to Water Structures®Unlimited. SAFETY Throughout this User's Guide situations that require the installers to be careful or to be aware of a possible conditions which could result in a safety hazard have been pointed out The following is a list of field safety hazards that all laborers should be aware of. These are worst case scenarios but should be discussed regardless of their chances of occurring. 1. The floors of rivers and streams are rough and have holes in them. Laborers used in a river, lake, or stream should know how to swim. In cold water insulated chest waders are recommended and are available from Water Structures® Unlimited. Laborers can get hypothermia in 33-40 degree water or lose mobility especially when they are in cold water for 4-6 hours at a time. Next Page, Previous Page http://www.waterstructures.com/guide/guide 16.html 11/14/2000 Page 17 Page 1 of 1 2. Standing at the end of a 4-10 foot Water Structure®that is being installed or unrolled is dangerous should the restraining lines give way, or should the laborers in the water loose their footing due to strong currents around the end of the structure. In cold water insulated chest waders are a must and knives are essential should the structure roll over some one. 3. Rolling of the structure during or after installation can be dangerous to anyone walking on the structure or standing directly down stream. A structure that begins to roll is extremely unstable and dangerous. Tremendous volumes of water are being held back by the installed structures. Should one give way or be breached, would release a wall of water and water currents strong enough to knock down the largest of men and carry him/her down stream. The greatest hazard when a structure rolls is the structure wrapping around a laborers legs, knocking him down, and not being able to get back up. A good reason for all on- site laborers carrying knives is the ability to free oneself or a fellow laborer from an uncontrolled structure. If there is a concern for erratic changes in water levels at the installed structures, a person should be post at the site during working hours till construction is completed. Men working down stream out of site of the structures should be aware of any potential hazards should a structure be breached. 4. Fording or crossing a river, stream, or lake in the winter months without proper clothing, insulated chest waders or a life-vest is risky. One could step into a hole, lose their footing, become completely soaked with freezing water, and be a victim of hypothermia. 5. If heavy equipment is being used on the site, normal safety procedures should be followed regarding their movement and use. 6. Laborers should take caution when jumping from one structure to another, from a structure to a piece of heavy equipment, or from a piece of heavy equipment to a structure used. One might slip, lose their footing, or fall into very swift, deep water. Life- vests are recommended for all personnel working at the job site where water depths are greater than one foot, before or after installation of the Water Structures. Next Page, Previous Page http://www.waterstructures.com/guide/guide 17.html 11/14/2000 Page 18 Page 1 of 1 { APPENDIX: WATER STRUCTURE SPECIFICATIONS ORDER OVERALL MATERIAL VOLUME T77 NUMBER DIMENSIONS SPECIFICATIONS GALLONS" mil, poly* mil, poly* mil, poly* mil, poly* 10 mil. polyethylene WSUX36-66 36" X 66" Inner tubes, & 20 Mil. 10,000 polyethylene Master tube. 10 Mil. polyethylene WSU52-120 52" X 120" Inner tubes, & 20 Mil. 18,000 polypro* (GEO-TECH) Woven Master Tube. 10 Mil. polyethylene WSU78-186 78" X 186" Inner tubes, & 20 Mil. 42,000 polypro* (GEO-TECH) Woven Master Tube. 10 Mil. polyethylene SU120-260 120" X 260" Inner tubes, & 20 Mil. 110,000 polypro* (GEO-TECH) Woven Master Tube. Wet Suit eoprem *Polypro = polypropylene (GEO-TECH) woven fiber. **Approximate Filled capacities in gallons per 100 foot section. Water Structures® Unlimited P.O. Box 206 Carlotta, CA 95528 (707) 768-3439 There shall be no liability on the part of the manufacturer (Water Structures Unlimited), distributor, or seller for any loss or damage, direct or consequential arising out of the buyer's use or inability to use these products, or inability to follow the User's Guide for the use of, or installation of, said products as presented in this User's Guide. Water Structures® Unlimited warrants only the workmanship of the Water Structures purchased and will repair any manufacturing defects at no charge. Water Structures Unlimited does not warrant any structure once it has been used, installed, or placed in service. -Copyright 1992- Previous Page, Main Menu http://www.waterstructures.com/guide/guide 18.htm1 11/14/2000 KING COUNTY Q SnUTNEA,ST 5TH STREET KING COUNTY NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM MONROE AVE UNINCORPORATED AREAS ZONE X SOUTHEAST SF NEWPORT AVE 530071 S sT/y ST SOUTHEAST FIRM Gy�G gFFT .9y � Q MAPLEWOOD PLACE VGTOAI SOUTHEAST FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP SOIiTyFgST � SF `.-. i SN�PS���a�S� i ZONE X 51 o� KING COUNTY, N p I S SAP WASHINGTON AND sTti z INCORPORATED AREAS hh sTgFFTF9N STgFFI CORPORATE LIMITS s cy� PANEL 981 OF 1725 (SEE MAP INDEX FOR PANELS NOT PRINTED) ZONE ,4 58 � ,��� tiii�/y ZONE X CONTAINS: COMMUNITY NUMBER PANEL SUFFIX RM286 5..; -- Q` KING COUNTY. P` �. G�• „-. '� �` UNINCORPORATED AREAS 530071 0981 F ZONE X SHELTON AVE sx '" m CEDfi.R I RENTON,CITY OF 530088 0981 F ' SOUTHEAST RA R SE CE V •/ y/, ZA PLACE s , ,y \ I y i 21 ZONE AE ,3OTH AVENUE9Tq tiu�q> „ MAP NUMBER ST ZONE ' SO HEAST 53033CO981 F " UT � X • • y m KING COUNTY UNINCORPORATED \. Say AREAS 530071 m ZONE �NCyM, MAP REVISED: X JOINS PANEL 0983 4i°2$'O7" w" 0 MAY 16, 1995 122009*22" a a AL d c� dP �� a� Federal Emergency Management Agency Q SOUTHEAST 5TH STREET KING COUNTYKING COUNTY NATIONAL FLOOD INSURA=PROGRAM MONROE AVE ZONE X SOUTHEAST UNINCORPORATED AREAS SF NEWPORT AVE 530071 S� sTy S SOUTHEAST114 e. G,y� TRFFT FIRM 9` MAPLE DOD PLACE FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP vGTON SOUTHEAST A 5 ZONE X ��� sF sly So"A14iPP��c KING COUNTY sTy P`��F I WASHINGTON AND INCORPORATED AREAS F Lc-onponATE LIMITS PANEL 981 OF 1725 cy/c (SEE MAP INDEX FOR PANELS NOT PRINTED) � qc ZONE E 58 �' ZONE X CONTAINS: COMMUNITY NUMBER PANEL SUFFIX KING COUNTY. P, •• t. '' '" `�-� UNINCORPORATED AREAS 530071 ow F ZONE X SHELTON AVE W -- CEDAR RENTON,CITY OF 530088 0981 F ' SOUTHEAST ��"�_ � RItTER SE 10TH 0 C I!D P� PLACE Y V 21A. 94 CIA c ,C O;�v AA 5� 5� yip � •�_„. ' ,ETy .. yu�gY MAP NUMBER . ZONE AE - 130TH AVENUE ,ST ZONE MAP F . SOUTHEAST m KING COUN'1"I I7NWCORPORATED 'a, nxs r 3007` zoNE �Y MAP REVISED: JOINS PANEL 0983 � MA°. 47028'07' o �� MAY 16 1995 122009'22" , a a d c� Federal Emergency Management Agency a KING COUNTY P SOUTHEAST 5TH STREET KING COUNTY NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM ZONE X SOUTHEAST MONROE AVE UNINCORPORATED AREAS SF NEWPORT AVE 530071 y sTy S SOUTHEAST FIRM9/ P� MAPLEWOOD PLACE vcroN SOUTHEAST FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP ZONE X yFgST sT �v� SF Sry P t SO���SPP�EZ KING COUNTY, WASHINGTON AND P� ,Ty Np9T a INCORPORATED AREAS L�� srRF�tiF9N STgFFT .: , a CORPORATE LIMITS PANEL 981 OF 1725 (SEE MAP INDEX FOR PANELS NOT PRINTED) P - ZONE ZONE XCONTAINS: ^- „..day ��, �,- _—• �w V-� , :.:• RM286 ST., ..� � .,..; COMMUNITY NUMBER PANEL SUFFIX PN x AEU KING COUNTY. P` � .•, Cr--a" '$. _ v UNINCORPORATED AREAS 530071 0981 F •' �. �, RENTON.CITY OF 530088 0981 F ZONE X SHELTON AVE x • CEDAR SOUTHEAST RIVER SE 10TH 00, i PIN PLACE s Ci.9 � � � F i r k HAP46� vA-c.CE�Y ze MQp�F , � r 'ter � yN✓gr ZOtdE ZONE AE � = . 130TH Av1=NvE " ^Sr MAP NUMBER SOUTHEAST 53033CO981 F € ,` X <C3 _ KR.G COUNTY IJNTNOORPORATE': \. so MkEAS 530071 ZONE G, �y ,,,r, MAP REVISED: . . , 0 ZONE � � =G:� r _ x 4702807 MAY 16, 1995 JOINS PANEL 0983 w 122009'22" , d A d O Federal Emergency Management Agency Q UTH KING COUNTY SO EAST 5TH STREET KING COUNTY NATIONAL FLOOD INSURA=PROGRAM ZONE X SOUTHEAST MONROE AVE UNINCORPORATED AREAS SF NEWPORT AVE 530071 S� 6Ty S SOUTHEAST — — cti� T RFFr FIRM 9� QLEW MAPbGTQ/�/ SOUTH SOUTH D PLACE FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP EAST ��,`+� • SO�TyF � A1S� ZONE X qsr �� SF sry P ( SoSPP��t KING COUNTY, WASHINGTON AND a CORPORATE LIMITS S�9TyF9 ST INCORPORATED AREAS FFr N RFFT •M�, Q �o PANEL 981 OF 1725 w C'y�C9C� (SEE MAP INDEX FOR PANELS NOT PRINTED) 5s ZONE .� � �.��'" •� ��� �-� µ q . w � ZONE X CONTAINS: COMMUNITY NUMBER PANEL SUFFIX KING COUNTY. P` UNINCORPORATED AREAS 530071 0981 F RENTON,CITY OF 530088 0981 F ZONE X SHELTON AVE µ CEDAR ' SOUTHEAST - RIVER SE 10TH � � n ` PLACE � r C DAB .` ■ 21 � S MAP NUMBER ZONE AE 130IN /Av UE ZONE 9T� �q> NE a; SOUTHEAST Sr x 53033CO981 F 3 ..,F KING COUNTY IISN UNINCORPORATED ' AREAS 5300'n ZONE MAP REVISED: o"ZONE X X 47028*07 ' ��O�NCY MA I MAY 16 1995 JOINS PANEL 0983 0 122009'22" a a a d c� �P �C, oAL Federal Emergency Management Agency p KING COUNTY Q SOUTHEAST 5TH STREET KING COUNTY NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM MONROE AVE UNINCORPORATED AREAS ZONE X SOUTHEAST SF NEWPORT AVE 530071 S� 6Ty S SOUTHEAST cy� TRFFT 9y � P MAPLEWOOD PLACE FIRM FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP 'VGTQN SOUTHEAST ST ZONE x so���s���� KING COUNTY, 6Ty `A�F WASHINGTON AND Q INCORPORATED AREAS Fr RFFT CORPORATE LIMITS � � �� •� x•=a,• �" PANEL 9810E 1125 (SEE MAP INDEX FOR PANELS NOT PRINTED) Q 3•i� 58 i� , _ ZONE ! �L9C�fFF s -" ZONE X CONTAINS: M COMMUNITY NUMBER PANEL SUFFIX R286 ; �� � ' --� P� x STAB -�• m '�"� a.� KING COUNTY. UNINCORPORATED AREAS 530071 0981 F ZONE X SHELTON AVE Y\tea• CEDAR RENTON.CITY OF 530088 0961 F ' t SOUTHEAST RAER SE 10TH ZONE AE BOTH AVENUE �yu�gy MAP NUMBER W SOUTHEAST IN. ZONE 53033C0981 F m KING COUNTY r UNINCORPORATED SpTS AREAS 530071 3 �iyCY MAC. MAP REVISED: • ZONE S, zoNE x c x JOINS PANEL 0983 47028 07" w�¢G p MAY 16 1995 � ti 122009'22" , a a dP� oAL �72 Federal Emergency Management Agency p KING COUNTT --� SOUTHEAST 5TH STREET KING COUNTY NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM MONROE AVE ZONE X SOUTHEAST UNINCORPORATED AREAS SF NEWPORT AVE 530071 /S� sly S SOUTHEAST cti� l RFFl FIRM 9y %(,jON �� MAPLEWOOD PLACE - SOUTHEAST O FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP Sli � S� l 5 ZONE X yFasl ��� sF s>y p So��NSPP��t KING COUNTY srti ��F I WASHINGTON AND P� ply Np9T a - • h� SIRFFT�9N SlR� _ INCORPORATED AREAS CORPORATE LIMITS "_,• µ PANEL 981 OF 1725 y�CyG,o Q� Q (SEE MAP INDEX FOR PANELS NOT PRINTED) w ,"iXil I )s ��� ZONE /�E 58 ��'q�j zR '2 ZONE XCONTAINS: 86 COMMUNITY NUMBER PANEL SUFFIX sl` F r� PN X KING COUNTY. UNINCORPORATED AREAS 530071 0981 F ZONE Xt7(i� ill ' SHELTON AVE CEDAR RENTON.GTY OF 530088 0981 F SOUTHEAST \ � RIVER SE 10TH P,% PLACE 21 I ZONE AE 'ply yu�ay MAP NUMBER . . . � .� SOUTHEAST TE Sl °� ZONE 53033C0981 F m KING COTINI y 1TNRdGORPORATE1) S AREAS i30071 �yCy MA�� MAP REVISED: Sl zoNE x X �C- MAY 16, 1995 —1 47028'07" � � JOINS PANEL 0983 W 122009'22" , a a d c� a o� Federal Emergency Management Agency p KING COUNTY I SOUTHEAST 5TH STREET KING COUNTY NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM ZONE X SOUTHEAST MONROE AVE UNINCORPORATED AREAS sF NEWPORT AVE 530071 ASS sly s SOUTHEAST 14 cti� T RFFT FIRM �y P MAPLEWOOD PLACE FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP '�GTON SOUTHEAST ZONE x KING COUNTY, WASHINGTON AND P� �Ty �O9T INCORPORATED AREAS STRFFT�9N ST9FFTa ,. CORPORATE LIMITS a �'o PANEL 981 OF 1725 (SEE MAP INDEX FOR PANELS NOT PRINTED) Q ZONE / E 58 ��q „ ZONE X • � F _ CONTAINS: s _ RM286 xI �• { COMMUNITY NUMBER PANEL SUFFIX N x sTA9 � � 'cv `' KING COUNTY, UNINCORPORATED AREAS 530071 0981 F ,. ,• RENTON,CITY OF 530088 0981 F VE CEDAR ZONE X SHELTON A �w SOUTHEAST RIVER SE LOTH gow P� PLACE ✓DAB .` 21 _ XAV ZONE AE MAP NUMBER 130TH AVENUE SOUTHEAST Sr ` ZONE 53033CO981 F • _ " RING CO ; UNINCORPORATEDARF \. ZO 530071 NE X ZONE G�NCY MA,I� MAP REVISED: JOINS PANEL 0983 MAY 16, 1995122009'22" a a a o�72 Federal Emergency Management Agency Will GeOCHEM ' INCORPORATED WATER STRUCTURES USER' S GeoCHEM, Incorporated GeoCF EM, Incorporated 106 Lake Ave. South 500 W. Potter Dr./Suite 201 Renton, WA 98055 Anchorage, Alaska 99518 Phone 206-227-9312 Phone 907-562-5755 Fax 206-227-8797 Fax 907-562-3032 LOW - Lt�1PACT ENVIRONMENTAL WATER DITVTRSION CONT.kLNi EENT AND STORAGE STRUCTURES 1 ' TABLE OF CONTENTS t Page I. Introduction 1 ' H. About the Company- 1 III. Patents 1 ' IV. Concept 1 N'. Applications ' VI. Site Selection and Size Criteria 4 A. Water Depth 4 B. Water Velocity 5 C. Installation Site 5 D. Clunate/Spring Rim Off 6 E. Other Site Criteria 6 N'II. Installation 6 ' A. Small Water Structures 6 1. Equipment 6 ' 2. Manpower 6 B. Large Water Structures 7 1. Equipment List 7 2. Manpower 7 ' C. Installation Procedures 8 D. Joining Water Structures 12 ' I1. Maintenance Procedures 1.1 Y. Removal 15 XI. Safety 16 ZII. Appendix 18 i r INTRODUCTION ' Protection and objective management of water resources within the United States have become significant public issues during the last two decades. The importance of conservation, water ' pollution, and the utilization of water resources is expected to increase as a result of increased demand, deteriorating water quality, pollution, protection of endangered species and water shortages. Past practices by industry, public and private sectors in the utilization of fluvial or wet ' land environments can no longer be tolerated according to various regulatory agencies. The days of building earthen levees within the ecosystem of a stream,river or lake are no longer acceptable to the general public. NVater Structures offers a low-impact environmental alternative to past practices of building earthen ,barriers in fluvial systems by digging or trenching with large pieces of heavy equipment, which commonly caused long term damage to local streams,rivers, lakes,and wet lands. There is a growing ' realization of the importance of rational water management programs that protect water systems for future use,but also allow present day industrial operations to continue in an economic manner. The U.S. Corps of Engineers has and is presently approving the use of Water Structures as a viable, ' environmentalh_ acceptable method of diverting or containing water in our nations water ways and wet lands. - The following is an overview of GeoCHEM, Inc., the various applications of Water Structures, site ' and size requirements, equipment and manpower requirements, installation techniques, safety, maintenance and removal of Water Structures. ABOUT THE COMP 'ANY GeoCHEM was Incorporated in 1982 with offices in the State of Alaska and Washington State. ' GeoCHEM, Inc., in conjunction with Water Structures Unlimited, is offering a new concept for managing water diversions,water and silt containment, emergency flood control management, levee toppings, and water storage. Over five years of research, development and testing is involved in the present design of the Water Structures described in this text. Several patents have been issued and ' the development and testing of new designs and more efficient structures continues. GeoCHEM,Inc. offers installation schooling and on site Technical Representation during installation by Contractor/Owner, consulting services regarding the design and implementation of your , containment, diversion, or storage needs, and the sale of Water Structures for customer installation. Possibly the most important feature of Water Structures is the ease and speed at which they can be installed in emergency situations. PATENTS Water Structures presently has several U.S. Patents issued on the design and utilization of multiple ' chambered Water structures, which use water as the inflation media, and the technique used in connecting or joining multiple Water Structure sections together. Patent No. : U.S.Patent No. 5059065& U.S.Patent No. 5,125,767 ' CONCEPT ' Water Structures function like portable dams or barriers that are positioned wherever needed to contain or divert the movement of water. Water Structures consist of two basic parts, 1)an "outer or master tube" made of a high strength polypropylene fabric,2) multiple "inner tubes" composed of 10 i mil polyethylene. Please note,Water Structures"inner tubes" at 6' high requirements and above are composed of 16 mil polyethylene with an "outer or master tube" made of a high strength polypropylene fabric as well. The "outer tube" and "inner tube" combine to form a water structure 4- ' as shown in Figure 1., a cut away section illustrating the relationship between the "inner and outer tubes" of a typical Water Structure are shown below. TYPICAL WATER STRUCTURE Q A and B are 10 mil polyethylene plastic "inner tubes",which ' are inflated with water. C is the "outer tube or master rube" made of high strength polypropylene fabric which tontines the "inner tubes and gives the Water Structure its strength and durability along with the massive weight of the confined water. ' Figure 1. A cross section of a ical large �'p a (-!foot-9 foot)Water Structure illustrating the relationship between the two polyethylene "inner tubes" and gives the Water Structure its strength and durability along with the massive weight of the confined water. Water is pumped into the "inner tubes" during the inflation process. The durable woven "outer tube" and the counter friction/hydraulic pressure between the "inner tubes" along with their inherent weight stabilizes the entire `Pater Structure. Counter friction stabilizes the structure and ' keeps it from rolling when lateral water pressure is exerted against it Given the inherent flexibility of the polyethylene and the weight of the Water Structure,when filled,Water Structures will readily conform to most sedimentary surfaces, river beds or other fluvial river or creel;or lake terrains. Water Structures come in a variety of sizes, ranging from one (1) to nine (9) feet in height when inflated. Water Structures in heights of 10' and 12' are currently being developed. Water Structures come in standard lengths of 100 feet Customized lengths are available upon request Two or more water structures can be joined together to form structures of any workable length. Structures are joined together by a unique coupling collar method (patent exists) which can create almost any length of Water Structure imaginable. The configuration of Water Structures on the ground or in a fluvial environment is almost limitless. They can be used in a straight line, curved, or to encircle a building. Water Structures can also be connected at angles to each other, as may be required by the task. Water Structures are commonly assembled at the factor'and shipped, intact, read,' to use at the job ' site. GeoCHEM, Inc. also stocks vnr.ing heights and lengths of Water Structures, in Renton, Washington and .anchorage, :Alaska. However, it is not unusual to assemble a Water Structure on site due to changes or specific needs of the job site. A typical Water Structure consists of the "outer tube or »roster tube" and a least tW0 "inner tubes" %%"rapped around and rolled up on a section of PVC,2 x 4 or metal pipe(core) as shown in Figure 2 below. The core also plays an important part in the installation in some circumstances and transportation or larger size Water Structures around the ' work site. TYPICAL WATER STRUCTURE PRIOR TO INSTALLATION l'IASTER OUTER TU BE BE (WOVEN POLYPROPYLENE FABRIC) /' •',,' L - .wry...`-.`fl j� - 8 TWO POLYETHYLENE 10 OR 16 N I I L I_Y ER TUBES CORE FOR INSTALLATION AND TRANSPORTATION , FiL,ure 2. A typical factory assembled Water Structure(page 3)prior to installation,showing the "inner and outer tubes" roiled up around the core. One end of the assembled tubes maybe left open for filling purposes; the other end is , sealed and/or may contain a coupling collar used in joining a second Water Structure. APPLICATIONS , Water Structures offers a wide range of applications. Listed below are some of the more beneficial uses or applications of Water Structures: -Water diversion during pipeline installation in rivers or standing water -Water containment during repairs on bridges,sewage and power plants -Flood control in rural or urban areas,fast effective installation times -Erosion control through diversion or containment of flowing water -Temporary reservoirs for water storage in and areas -Silt containment,sediment collection,or settling ponds -Water storage of spring run-off water -Fire protection(water storage)in rural areas -Levees,levee toppings -fish habitat restoration(containment) ' -Agricultural uses -Hazardous waste or oil spills(containment) -Portable dams -Temporary storage of hydrocarbons from spills -Temporary foot bridge through environmentally sensitive areas -Wet lands management -3- ' 1 When used for flood control and augmenting levees, for example, Water Structures are as effective as sandbags and sheet piling. They can be installed much quicker and at a fraction of the cost of these more traditional methods of controlling flood water. Consider also the amount of water that can be stored in a standard ten foot Water Structure with a width of 22 feet and a length of one hundred feet filled to its theoretical capacity is more then 100,000 gallons of water. Water Structures are durable, long lasting, and with proper installation and removal from service can be stored and used again and again. Should an "inner tube" develop a leak, polyethylene replacement tubes are ' available through and from GeoCHEM, Inc. in Anchorage, Alaska or through and from GeoCHEM,Inc.in Renton,Washington. ' Water Structures are relatively easy to install, requiring only a couple of portable pumps, an available water supply and depending on the size of the Water Structure,a few laborers. Manpower requirements are discussed later under the heading of Installation. SITE SELECTION AND SIZE CRITERIA ' Site selection criteria determines the size and number of Water Structure to be used. Nine standard sizes are presently available from GeoCHEM, Inc. Customized Water Structures greater than ten feet in height are available upon request. ' Water Structure selection is determined by the height of water to be contained and diverted, stream bed slope, water velocity and maximum projected changes in water levels after inflation. Table 1. lists the nine basic sizes of Water Structures that are presently available and their recommended ' water depth usage. STANDARD WATER STRUCTURE SIZES AND RECOMMENDED USE —_— STANDARD INFLATED WEIGHT WEIGHT GALLONS WATER INFLATED WIDTH PER L.F. PER L.F. PER L.F. DEPTH HEIGHT(ft) (inches) EMPTY(lb) FILLED(lb) (gallons) (inches) 1 ft 24 in 1.0 lb 105 lb 12.5 gals 8 in 1.5 ft 31 in 1.13 lb 315 lb 37.5 gals 12 in 2 ft 46 in 1.5 lb 420 lb 50 gals 18 in 3 ft 68 in 2.6 lb 1,130 lb 135 gals 28 in ' 4 ft 120 in 4.0 lb 2,400 lb 290 gals 36 in 6 ft 186 in 9.0 lb 5,800 lb 700 gals 54 in 8 ft 282 in 17.9 lb 11,000 lb 1,270 gals 72 in 9 ft 228 in 20.1 lb 12,375 lb 1,429 gals 90 in 10 ft 250+in 22.8 lb 13,750 lb 1,588 gals 108 in Table 1. Standard sizes of Water Structures and recommended water depth usage in non- flowing water conditions. Lateral pressures from flowing water as in a river may 1 require multiple Water Structures installed parallel with each other. Depending on the amount of current the above water depths would be lowered proportionately. Water Depth - The height of water to be contained by the Water Structure is most important in ' selecting the proper Water Structure size. A good rule of thumb for determining the water height after diversion is as follows: Add 1) the maximum water depth along the installation site, 2) the average depth of water at the installation site,3)and the difference in elevation (water levels) between the installation and diverted water sites. These three will be fou numbers equal the height of eater that ' found at the installation site after the «'titer Structures have been installed and water is nor ilo«inl throul4h the diversion channels,see Figure 3. HEIGHT DETERitiIL'�rATIOv ON INSTALLED WATER STRUCTURES ---- OWL 2� EWL T 3' S' -14- + DIVERSION , EXISTING CHANNEL CHANNEL , EWL=EXISTING WATER LEVEL DWL=DIVERTED WATER LEVEL 5'=TOTAL WATER HEIGHT ' Figure 3 The height of water to be retained by a Water Structure is related to the maximum depth of water at the installation site,the average depth of water along the installation site,and the difference in water levels between the installation site and the diversion point. , Figure 3. illustrates the importance of determining the projected height of water after installation and full inflation of the Water Structures. Estimating the height of water to be retained by a Water Structure is often underestimated by 2f-f0% resulting in inade uate barriers increased costs and , Rotentially unsafe rnn.t r Water Velocity-When a Water Structure is used to stem a water flow,some consideration must also be given to the velocity of the water running around the end of the Water Structure during installation. When the water flow is being pinched off during installation, the water velocity «ill over, may cause some undercutting around the end of the structure increase and depending on the firmness of the stream/river bed that the water it is being Installed.structure is beingThis laid as a would result in an Increase in the height of the water to be retained and should be considered in the above analysis when determining the maximum water height. Current velocity 1-ill also play an important part in the installation of a Water Structure. For example, during installation a Water Structure has to be filled to a higher capacity so as to prevent it from rolling down stream. Installation Site - Water Structures can be installed on top of most types of soils or fluvial bottom materials,including flat lying bed rod;,mud,sand,gravel,small rocks and vegetation. Select a site that is smooth,flat and void of wire,re-bar,sharp objects,garbage,Blass or dead vegetation ' containing tree branches, etc... The slope of the river bed should also be relatively flat or inclined in the direction of the up stream or contained water. Inspect, evaluate and take notes for the entire area for holes or washed out areas which may cause problems during installation. Suggest whatever means necessary to positively determine area, i.e. hydrologist or certified Water Structures Field Representative. Climate/Sprint Run Off - Spring run-off from winter snow-packs, local wet seasons, and the thunderstorms effect water levels in rivers, lakes and wet lands and are important in local areas of the country. Projects that have flexible construction dates should be correlated with favorable weather conditions and potentially high water levels. ' Other Site Criteria - All of the above factors are important p rtant considerations once the site has been selected. Following are additional factors that may influence the site selection: -Width of the river is important,since a location on a wide,shallow river is easier to control then that of a narrow deep river with rapids. i :fin extremely rugged alpine river bed with large angular boulders,etc...within the stream bed is a difficult area to install structures,since a good tight seal can only be accomplished ' through the removal of said boulders by hand or heaNy equipment. -Access to the area by road or trail is helpful in transporting the`eater Structure. However, Water Structures are extremely portable and can be moved down a river or lake by rowboat or canoe. Larger rolled-up Water Structures will also float. INSTALLATION Installation procedures in this section covers Water Structures installed in either standing or moving water. Both require the same procedures; however, flowing water does pose problems which ' requires, additional manpower, water pump capacity, possible assistance from heavy equipment if permitted and experienced personnel (on site Technical Rep). The size of the Water Structures to be installed and the velocity/volume of flowing water dictates the equipment and manpower needs at the job site. SMALL WATER STRUCTURES (12 36 INCM: Equipment List: -Two portable gasoline water pumps(100+gpm) or one split outlet gasoline pump (100+gmp); -2+inch discharge and suction hoses per pump; -Two or three wet suits(chest waders); -One roll of duct tape per each installed Water Structure; ' -Two or three pocket knives or one per laborer on the job and one pair scissors; - 100 feet of 1/2 inch rope for tie downs per installed structure; -Two shovels ' 'Manpower: ' -Two or three laborers are required to install the smaller two tube Water Structures. The number of structures to be installed,time constraints,and access to the installation sites may dictate the need for additional help. -6- LARGE WATER STRUCTURES (52 - 120 INCH) Equipment List: -Two to four high capacity gasoline water pumps(150-200+gpm minimum), "pumps of equal output",a 6-10 foot structure could use 300-400 gpm pumps(4 cylinder) or smaller pumps; A 2 inch,minimum diameter,discharge and suction hose per pump; -Three to six wet suits(chest waders); Two rolls of duct tape for each installed Water Structure: -Five to eight pocket knives,one per laborer and one pair scissors; -250 feet of 1/2 inch rope per line for each 100 foot structure that is installed,i.e... a four ' rope set up on a ten foot structure would require 1,000 feet of rope; -Four shovels and one or two sheets of 1/2 in plywood 4' x 4'; -Two-four inch O.D. metal posts about 7+feet long depending on anchoring requirements Manpower: -Five to eleven laborers are needed to install the larger Water Structures; The exact number of laborers is related to structure size,number of structures,terrain,water velocity,water depths and time constraints. Standing water conditions require the fewest number of laborers(usually 1-5 less laborers). The following chart better describes the manpower needs during a typical installation of 4 to 10 foot Water Structures in moving water. ' RECOMMENDED MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS DURLNG INSTALLATION IN MOVING WATER WATER ROPE NUMBER NUMBER N -N13ER STRUCTURE ASSISTED LABORERS LABORERS LABORERS SIZE------------ INSTALLATION INWATER ON PUMPS ON ROPES , ------------------------ ---------------- ------------------ ------------------ 1 to 3 FEET NO 1-3 0- 1 0 4 FEET YES-2 2 -4 1 2 6 FEET YES-3 to 4 3 -5 1 3 to 4 8 FEET YES-4to5 4-6 1 4to5 10 FEET YES-4to5 4-6 1 4to5 ' Table 2. Manpower requirements based on a particular size of Water Structure in moving , water. The chart also provides the number of ropes commonly used with a specific structure size. Note that 4,6 and 10 foot structures are commonly installed with the aid of ropes. Only in standing water would rope assisted installations not be used , on larger size Water Structures. Strong water velocities or currents require more manpower to insure installation and to secure the safety of those in the water. The above list does not address personnel that might be operating heaving equipment at the site. An experienced coordinator of activities or supervisor who ' over sees the installation procedure is recommended and can be provided by GeoCHEM.Inc.. In most installations,very little site preparation work is required. The area for deployment should , be inspected for sharp objects(glass,sharp nails)that might puncture the Water Structure during installation. Be sure you have the right size and length Water Structure at the correct location. It's a "terrible" feeling when you unroll a 10 foot Water Structure and find out you are 25 feet short. Check your measurements and do not forget that portion of the structure that laps upon to the river bank, shore or berm (about 8-10 feet). Add this requirement to your total length required for any ' structure starting or stopping on a bank,shore or berm. This Guide assumes that all Federal State County or City permits have been obtained by appropriate personnel project contractor or the persons in authority at the site and that all conditions or restrictions have been addressed and discussed with the personnel installing the structures,field supervisors and prime contractor and company management GeoCUEM,Inc. also ' recommends that the buyer, i.e. Prime Contractor, Company Supervisor, etc..., have an understanding of the above permits and have authority or knowledge of what can or can not be done within the river bed(lake,etc...)should the use of heavy equipment be needed. ' INSTALLATION PROCEDURES ' 1. Transport the Structure to the installation point. Be sure not to snag or puncture the polyethylene as this would result in leaks. If the structure is to be moved by heavv equipment,use straps secured around the structure then connect the straps to the heavy ' equipment for transportation. 2. Unpack and remove any packaging wrap that may be securing the Water Structures, carefully so as to insure that no incisions are made into the Water Structure itself. ' 3. Position the assembled Water Structure perpendicular to the path that it is to be unrolled and at an elevation (berm,river bank,etc...) higher than the highest projected water mark ' on the installed structure. Leave some slack at the bank in the tube(s) for tying off the ends of the tubes after the structure has been filled. It may be necessary to build a berm at the starting point by hand or with heavy equipment. Let the rolled up Water Structure roll down the berm into the water. Larger structures will float but do not let it float away. ' Water Structures four or more feet in height commonly require restraining lines around the unrolled portion of the structure during filling. Without these lines or ropes the pressure of the water in the "inner tubes" would cause the Water Structure to unroll before the proper inside head pressure is achieved. The number of ropes required by a particular sized structure is discussed in Table 2 and Figure 4. 4. If ropes are to be used in the installation process,they should be cut and placed under the structure at this time before water is added and secured to the metal posts mentioned in the list of suggested equipment,see Figure 4. The metal posts should be driven into the ground ' 2 -3 feet(or as required)with either a back hoe or by sledge hammer, etc... . The ropes are attached to the base of the metal posts, then run under the structure,over the top and back to the metal posts,where they are tied off in a manner that would allow the rope to be let out sparingly. The rope should be twice as long as the length of the structure when inflated plus ' an extra 50 feet. One laborer should man each rope and must be properly trained by the installation supervisor to understand all hand signals that might be used during the unrolling and inflation sequence. A 2 way radio or communication equipment' may be most desirable.Only one person should be giving signals to the"rope holders",preferably someone in the water nest to the unrolled portion of the structure or the coordinator on top of the structure as it is being unrolled and inflated. The coordinator should also watch for ' structure movement or rolling in the unrolled structure due to an inadequate head, as well as movement in those structures already installed,if any. -8- TYPICAL WATER STRUCTURE , DURING INSTALLATION w � 17, ,li'�.�� %"Tj�'2���.^�+Est-1�7,z's2i:..t" '�'y�—�'t"��\�•,..L�,7... l �gjis .._..�y._.�{ ��% iM!W"'y�`- � ^vy_••_ � mil( 1'�� z��m._• :curt mo-tiv.ar-�. `_�•-"w+ru.rr_•._- 1 WATER WIPUMPS PUMPS 1 Figure 4. 11,ater Structure during installation showing the location of the ropes, posts and the inflating structure. ' =• after the fill hoses have been installed in to the "inner tubes",a 'yard' or dirt dumped on the master tube between the hvo inner tubes at the very end of the structure on the berm, will help hold the structure during installation. Should the crew loose control of the ' structure during installation,the 'yard'of dirt may keep it from taking off down stream, See Figure 5. Leave some slack in the "inner tubes" for tying off the ends after the Water Structure has been filled. , ROPES '-'DIR ' 4-IN BERM • INFLATED STRUCTURE WATER PUMP HEAD LEVEL ' -RIVER BED- 6" MINIMUM Figure 5. A cross section of a structure partly installed illustrating the location of the berm, ' pumps,ropes and laborers. 6• Insert the discharge hoses from the water pump 6 -8 feet into the polyethylene "inner tubes",gather up the loose polyethylene around the hoses and secure with duct tape, if necessary. Should the end of the hose have sharp points or edges,wrap duct tape around them,since the end of the hose will have a tendency to flop around when water is flowing ' through the hose. Be sure the intake(suction) hose is in deep water on the up stream side and not on the side being drained. Make sure the water pumps are full of gasoline and a spare five gallon gasoline can is stored nearby on land. It is very important that tine "inner tubes" be filled rapidly and generally at the same pace (simultaneously)• Be sure there are no kinks in the discharge lines from the pumps, as this will cut the pump capacities by 50 - 75%. The larger the water pump capacity,the faster the job will be completed. A Water ' Structure 4+feet high and 100 feet long should be installed in no more than 1 - 1.5 hours. 7• Once the ropes are manned,the pumps are printed and ready, and the Water Structure is properly aimed in the right direction,the pumps can be turned on and the inflation processes begin. Figure 6 shows a picture of restraining ropes used during installation of a ten foot Water Structure. The unrolled section should be unrolled at about six inches at a time to maintain a six to twelve inch head. Smaller structures can be unrolled more rapidly especially if the stream currents (water volumes) are small. Laborers should be aware that standing at the end of the unrolled section is dangerous should the ropes fail and the structure unwrapped rapidly forcing a laborer under the structure This is why all laborers should carry knives to slit the structure open on both sides immediately to relieve water ' pressure on anyone pinned under the structure It is extremely important that the cuts made are below the water line on the up-side of tine Water Structure. f ' Figure 6. A ten foot Water Structure being installed on the San .Juan River in northern New Mexico. Note the use of four restraining lines and four laborers in the water. 8. Water should be entering both "inner tubes" at the same rate and the "master tube" should ' be rising out of the water equally on both sides. In flowing water a head of a least 6- 12 inches should be maintained in the structure at all times above the surrounding water. Head is described here as: that portion of the Water Structure that rises above the ' surrounding water during inflation. In stronger currents 12 inches of head should be maintained on the inflating structure,see Figure 5. Flowing water will have a tendency to -10- push the structure down stream if the head is not maintained. The 6- 12 inch of head of ' water within the structure is the positive weight that keeps the structure on the river bed and from taking off down stream. However, the greater the head, the harder it is to restrict unrolling the structure,so a happy medium must be worked out during the installation , process. 9. 'ROLLING' of a structure during installation occurs when there is an insufficient head of water on the structure during or after installation. Water levels wili rise rapidly during ' installation and should be monitored continuously by the crew in the water and the supervisor standing on the structure or in the eater. Sometimes rolling is hard to detect but usually the following are indications of rolling: ' a. Visual lateral movement of the structure is the best indicator. b. The seams on the structure are straight for some distance but appear bent in the middle of the installed structure, bowing of the central part of section. , C. Water marks or muddy marks can be seen increasingly higher along the sides of the structure,crescent shaped marks. d. The structure is no longer pointed in the direction originally taken. e. Once installed and during the final inflation of the structure,an object can be placed down stream to see if it is being encroached upon by the structure. f. Rolling could occur in areas along a structure where,during installation the structure was turned or twisted. These are generally the weakest points along a I fully inflated Water Structure. g. If rolling is beginning to take place or evidence of roiling can be seen along the structure then steps should be taken to correct it or a 1 -2 inch change in water , level could wipe out all of the installed structures. Keep a maximum amount of water in the "inner tubes" and always fill your structures to their recommended height with heads of 12 inches or greater above adjoining`pater. , Surrounding water heights may be higher than planned once installed. In this case the structure could be shored-up b} using material from the river bed on the down stream side or river bank,see Figure 7. Remember that your Government Water Permit may not allow for any digging in the river. There should be an ' understanding of what can or can not be done to shore-up the structures with 2 - 3 feet of dirt/rock. Know your permits and be prepared. h. Rolling should be monitored from the time the structure is being installed until it is ' removed from the job site,if it is of concern due to changing water levels. i. Other solutions to 'rolling' are to install a smaller Water Structure,directly downstream behind the rolling struchare or by increasing the amount of water in the , structure. In standing water,the water that has been removed from behind the structure could be replaced/returned until a solution is reached,or water levels drop. Water Structure height shall be at least 1' above the expected water level. SHORING -UP CROSS SECTION 'ROLLING' rC NO HEAD 1 SHORING 'WATER LEVEL UP -11- ' ' Figure 7. A cross section(page- 11 -)showing the placement of dirt/rock to shore up a Water signs of Structure that shows rolling. Other temporary solutions to rolling are the use of available heavy equipment as barriers or by installing a second structure 1 behind the moving structure,immediately. JOINING WATER STRUCTURE SECTIONS TOGETHER 1 Certain applications require that two or more Water Structure sections be linked or coupled together to form a longer Water Structure. The following procedure illustrates how this is accomplished. The procedure assumes Water Structures joined in a straight line. 1 1. Before a second Water Structure can be attached to an already installed Water Structure, the first Water Structure must have an accessible coupling collar,see Figure 8a. The 1 coupling collar should be extended 6-10 feet from the end of the installed "master tube". The other end of the coupling collar is already tightly secured around the previously installed "master tube",see Figure 8a. ' Z. Position the assembled new(second)Water Structure directly behind and in-line with the filled section and unroll about six feet of the new(second)section,see Figure 8a. 1 3. Gather up four or five feet at the end of one "inner tube",lightly heist it or bunch it up, and wrap with duct tape,see Figure 8a. Do the same thing to the other "inner tube". This will allow the"inner tubes"to be easily inserted and pulled through the slits on top of the 1 "master tube" coupling collar. MASTER TUBE SLIT IN COLLAR AND ' TWISTED TUBES NEW FILLED NEW SECTION ION V 1NST�A N SECTION INST LLED SECTION � SE LION ' COUPLING COUPLING COLLAR COLLAR 1 OPEN UP PUMP TWISTED TUBES NEW TUBES N HOSES NEW SECTION ie SECTION 1_ ' N INST LLED INS T LLED SE ON _ -- SECTION COUPLING COUPLING (b) COLLAR ( d ) COLLAR 1 Figure 8 a.b c and d Illustrations showing the different steps taken in the process of joining two 1 Water Structures together. No water has been pumped in to the new (second)structure in any of these four illustrations. 1 -12 a. Carefully cut two slits (6 - 8 inches) perpendicular to the length of the filled "master tube". Each slit should be large enough to accommodate the wrapped "inner tubes". The two slits ' should be positioned midway between the end of the coupling collar and the filled "master tube" up on the filled section. again be careful not to cut the filled tubes of the first section of Water Structure. See Figure 8c. The slits should be about four feet apart on a four foot , structure and six feet apart on a six foot structure. ;. Insert the wrapped right"inner tube" through the slit on the right side of the coupling collar , and the wrapped left"inner tube" though the slit on the left side of the coupling collar,see Figure 8c. This is done by working your way inside the coupling collar,pushing the "inner tube" toward the slit and having a second person reach through the slit and grab the tube , and pull it through. The "inner tube" should be pulled up through the slit, about four feet for a four foot high Water Structure and seven feet on a ten foot high Water Structure. Push and pull the "outer tube or master tube" fabric inside the coupling collar and around ' the "inner tubes" as best possible, especially on the bottom side. The new section should be totally enclosed by the coupling collar. The 4' x 4' x 1/2" sheet of plywood described in the equipment list is for the pumps should ' they need to be placed on an inflated Water Structure. When two structures are coupled or attached together,pumps are generally set on the previously filled structure,about 15-20 , feet from where they are now needed. The plywood should prevent damage to the structure due to vibrations, heat,sharp metal edges,screws,or bolts sticking out on pump skids. 6. Remove the tape from around the twisted "inner tubes" and insert the discharge hoses deep (5' -T)into the unfilled "inner tubes" and secure i0th duct tape,see Figure 8d. Insert the ' pump hoses and secure them. Be sure there is extra "outer or master tube" material and "inner tube" material inside the coupling collar to insure a close fit with the end of the filled structure when filling the new structure begins. 1 In strong currents it may be necessary to use ropes to restrain the unrolling of the second section in order to maintain a 6-12 inch head on the inflating structure. If ropes are ' needed splice them into ropes used to install the first section and bring them up and over the second unrolled section. The ropes may have to be anchored to a piece of heavy equipment parked near the new take-off point,if the structures are no longer in a straight line or if you suspect the water currents will alter your direction of placement. The use of heavy ' equipment in fluvial portion of a river must be in compliance with granted permits. 7. At this point the new section is ready to be filled in the same manner as the first section. ' Follow all of the applicable instructions previously presented to install the first Water Structure. Figure 9(next page-14)is a drawing of two Water Structures,one filled and the t other ready to be unrolled and filled. -13- ' ' TWO WATER STRUCTURES SPLICED OR JOINTED TOGETHER ' INNER TUBES FIRST n 1 MASTER SECOND - h TUBE ' MASTER TUBE :.:`• ". �" �== '"�' -- —� V COUPLING COLLAR Figure 9. Two Water Structures are shown joined together by a coupling collar and ready to ' be inflated. -Note the two "inner tubes" sticking out and up from the middle portion of the coupling collar. ' 8. When the second section is filled,the water hoses can be removed from the "inner tubes". The tubes are re-wrapped with duct tape tightly and in such a manner that the tubes will stand by themselves upward. If possible,use duct tape to attach the two upright"inner tubes" together,malting them even more stable and preventing water form draining out of ' the "inner tubes". Remember,the "inner tubes" are not on top of a berm, above water level, and lying flat on the ground as was the case for the first section,See Figures 4 and 9. Water could easily leak or drain out of the"inner tubes" if they were allowed to lay flat on the surface of the "master tube". Beep the inlet tubes standing upright and tape accordingly. 9. Tie off the ends of the Water Structures with rope and anchor where the sections are in ' contact with land. Check in and around the base of the installed sections for any possible leaks at the base of the Water Structure due to loose or coarse subgrades or surface areas. Water infiltrating and/or percolating through loose or coarse subgrades that may be small ' at that time could enlarge enough to under cut and wash the structures away. Fill or barricade the leaks with dirt,rocks,etc...,it may be necessary to use the back hoe to move enough dirt to completely shut off infiltrating and/or percolating water. Material on the up stream side of the structure is most effective. Small flows of water are common near the ' bank where water currents were last cut off due to under cutting of the river bed during installation. These flows of water should be plugged. ' MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES Installed Water Structures are durable and should last a long time providing a regular maintenance program is implemented. The sections installed should be monitored regularly until leaks can be ' located and rolling is not a concern. The first 12 hours is probably the most critical time. -14- There are four important observations that should be made on a regular basis. 1) Leaks in the ' Water Structures;2) Infiltration or percolation under the Water Structures;3)Infill tubes that have fallen over and are leaking; 4)Rolling due to change in water levels. Most leak, are of such a nature that they are resolved simply by pumping additional water into the ' structures on a regular basis until the job is completed and repair on the structure can be conducted. Identify which of the tubes is leaking, untie and unwrap the "inner tube" and insert the discharge , hose from the water pump and fill it. Sometimes a leak is large enough to require a patch. To repair such a leak,first identify and isolate the area of the leak. Then using a sharp knife, cut a "CROSS" cut in the "master tube" and pull the material apart to expose the leak Then, using repair tape provided by GeoCHEM, Inc., patch to the "inner tube". Once the leak is repaired, cover the ' "CROSS" cut in the "master tube" with the same repair tape. It should be noted that repairing leaks with patches is not recommended on Water Structures goreater than four feet in height. In most cases it is best to just add water on a regular basis until the job is completed and repair on the structure , can be conducted more efficiently. The woven geotextile fabric that the "master tube" is made of is particularly resistant to penetration ' and can be walked on. The only time you might curtail foot traffic is during cold weather, when ice occurs within the "inner tubes" during the long winter nights. The ice may cut the polyethylene when it cracks or breaks from foot traffic. REMOVAL , In most cases,large dimensioned Water Structures functioning as dams are used on a one time basis , and are destroyed when removed. However,there are many applications where Water Structure can be saved and re-used at a later date. Specifically, if a Water Structure is installed in standing water or for flood protection and/or in an area where the water pressure can be equalized on both sides of ' the structure, it can be disassembled and saved for future use. Water Structures placed in a fluvial system are difficult to save. Once the "master tube" is allowed , to deflate the structure will roll down stream, twisting, etc... . The quickest way to deflate the structure is to cut both sides of the section with knives, cutting through the "master tube" and the "inner tube" next to the fill tubes. Let the water drain from the structure,then pull it on shore. , Heavy equipment such as a back hoe can pull the structure from the stream or river while positioned at the river bank The structure may be kinked and twisted beyond a point of saving once brought on shore. The ecological thing to do would be to save what you can. Damage "inner tubes" make , good liners in and around urban landscaping project or used as tarps over agricultural products or equipment. Inner tubes can be replaced if damaged and if the"master tube" is salvageable. The procedure to drain and disassemble a Water Structure used in standing water or after a flood t for storage is described as follows: 1. Assuming that the structure is still lying in water,the structure should be first drained as , possible. Cut or untie the"inner tubes" at the far end of the structure and allow the structure to drain by slowly pulling the closed end of the structure up on to the bank You may also place a garden hose or other hose's into the"inner tubes" and gravity drain the ' water. 2. after the Water Structure has drained,secure the coupling collar by slipping the collar ' back over the "master tube" of the section until the collar is half way over end of the "master tube". t ' 3. Flatten out the "inner tubes" and the "master tube" along said flat ground,making sure that "inner tubes" are not kinked or twisted in any way. If possible, use an air blower to facilitate the process. 4. Starting at the coupling collar end of the section, re-wrap the water structure up around the core used in the installation process and secure it with rope for storage. The shelf life of a stored Water Structure is indefinite. Any questions regarding this User's Guide descriptions or explanations of the ' use of or the installation of Water Structures should be addressed to: GeoCHEM, Incorporated GeoCHFNI, Incorporated 106 Lake Ave. South 500 W. Potter Dr./Suite 201 Renton,tiWX 98055-2045 Anchorage,Alaska 99518-1145 ' Phone 206-227-9312 Phone 907-562-5755 Fax 206-227-8797 Fax 907-562-3032 ' SAFETY Throughout this User's Guide, situations that require the installers to be careful or to be aware of ' possible conditions which could result in a safety hazard have been pointed out. The following is a list of field safety hazards that all laborers should be aware of. These are worst case scenarios but should be discussed regardless of their chances of occurring. ' 1. The floods of rivers and streams are rough and have holes in them. Laborers used in a river,lake or stream should know how to swim. In cold water insulated chest waders or ' neoprene wet suites are strongly recommended. Laborers can get hypothermia in 33 -40 degree water or lose mobility especially when they are in cold water for 4-6 hours at a time. ' 2. Standing at the end of a 4-9 foot Water Structure that is being installed or unrolled is dangerous should the restraining ropes give way,or should the laborers in the water lose their footing due to strong currents around the end of the structure. In cold water insulated chest waders and/or neoprene suits are a must and knives are essential should the structure ' roll over someone. NEVER be directly in front of an unfolding structure unless properly trained first. ' 3. Rolling of the structure during or after installation can be dangerous to anyone walking on the structure or standing directly down stream. A structure that begins to roll is extremely unstable and dangerous. Tremendous volumes of water are being held back by the installed structures. Should one give way or be breached,would release a wall of water and water ' current strong enough to knock down the largest of men and carry him/her down stream. The greatest hazard when and if a structure rolls is the structure wrapping around a ' laborers legs,knocking him/her down and not being able to get back up. A good reason for all on-site laborers carrying knives is the ability to free one-self or a fellow laborer from an uncontrolled structure. If there is a concern for erratic changes in water levels at the ' installed structures,a person should be posted at the site during working hours and even ' -16- maybe after hours until construction is completed. Men working down stream out of site of ' the structures should be aware of any potential hazards should a structure be breached. 4. Fording or crossing a river,stream or lake in the winter months without proper clothing, insulated chest waders or neoprene suits or a life vest is risky. Once could step into a hole, lose their footing,become completely soaked with freezing water and be a victim of hypothermia. �. If heavy equipment is being used on the site,normal safety procedures should be followed , regarding their movement and use. 6. Laborers should take caution and pre-caution when jumping from one structure to another, from a structure to a piece of heavy equipment or from a piece of heavy equipment to a structure used. One might slip,lose their footing or fall into very swift,deep water. Life ' vests are recommended for all personnel working at the job site where water depths are greater than one foot,before or after installation of the Water Structures. -17- ' APPENDIX: - WATER STRUCTURE SPECIFICATIONS OVERALL 1-IATERIAL VOLL?lIE ' DLIIENSIONS(H x`V) SPECIFICATIONS GALLONS ------------------------------- ------------------------- --------------- 12" x 22" 10 mil poly/geotextile 1,200 gals 18" x 31" 10 mil poly/geotextile 2,500 gals 24" x 44" 10 mil poly/geotextile 5,000 gals 36" x 66" 10 mil poly/geotextile 10,000 gals 48" x 105" 10 mil poly/geotextile 24,000 gals ' 72" x 156" 16 mil poly/ geotextile 50,000 gals 108" x 228" 16 mil poly/geotextile 95,000 gals ' GeoCHEM, Incorporated GeoCHEM, Incorporated 106 Lake Ave. South 500 W. Potter Dr./Suite 201 Renton, NVA 98055-2045 Anchorage,Alaska 99518-1145 ' Phone 206-227-9312 Phone 907-562-5755 Fax 206-227-8797 Fax 907-562-3032 ' GeoCHEM, Inc. is pleased to offer suggestions on the use of its various products, However GeoCHEM neither assumes responsibility for any omissions or errors nor assumes liability for anv damages that result from the use of its products in accordance with information provided by GeoCHE-M,either verbal or written. GeoCHElt only warrants the parts manufactured as specified ' and free of defects. GEOCHEII 1L�KES NO OTHER WARR.-�_NTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS OF ANY Ia D WHATSOEVER, EXPRESSED OR B PLIED, EXCEPT THAT OF TITLE, ADD ALL LIIPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING ANY WARRAiNTY OF MERCH-JUNTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICUL.�LR PURPOSE ARE HEREBY DISC LAENIED. LB11TATION OF LL-kBILITY: The remedies of purchaser set forth herein are exclusive and the total liability of GeoCHE`i with respect to this or any order, whether based on contract, warranty, negligence, indemnification, strict liability or otherwise, shall not exceed the purchase price of the component upon which liability is based and which is exclusive to material defect only. In no event shall GeoCHEM be liable for any damages or losses, whether direct, indirect, incidental, special or consequential. The warranty cannot be transferred or assigned to third parties. it is limited to the purchaser only. Inventor A-Ianufacturer, who is supplying materials for use by Buyer in construction of a Water Structure is subject to various patents held by Inventor/Manufacturer. These materials including ' water enables water to be used as a water structure. The range of possible applications to which users might put these materials and the range of possible conditions under which these materials might be used cannot be anticipated by Inventor/-Manufacturer or its Distributors or Sub-dealers. ' Therefore, Inventor A-lanufacturer or its Distributor or Sub-dealer disclaims all express warranties or expressions of opinion made in writing or orally. This writing represents the entire agreement and understanding of the parties with respect to the merchantability or fitness of the materials for ' any particular use or application; any oral representation previously made to the contrary is similarly disclaimed by InventorAlanufacturer or its Distributor or Sub-dealer. InventorAlIanufacturer or its Distributor or Sub-dealer further states that this or anv sale is made WTTHOti T :ANY W. RRAINTY BY IN-VF-N-TOR/Il-�.N-L-'ACTURER, DISTRIBUTOR OR SUB- DEALER THAT THE XIATERL�LS ARE SUITABLE FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE WARRANTY OF IIERCHAN'TABILTTY IS EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED FROIi THIS AGREEXIE.'NT BY THE PARTIES. LNVE.-N'TOR/1L-�,v 7FACTLRER, DISTRIBUTOR OR SUB- DEALER NLJUaS NO OTHER WARR-STY, EXPRESSED OR VvIPLIED, AS TO THE 1L-kTERLkLS WHEN USED WITH WATER Copyright 1996 ' -18- 1 1 1 1 " 2 " Y. t` Ltip—OF PRoi::cT H TO EXI5TINra TG - h 1 P RAP / cv i / (a i�° �qy, too V4 — I ! DEGINNING OF PROJECT` / �t ' '� •° y^ 1 I 110 j��— = —'�'� �� o op ExISTIu — � Pao"t cl�'� \ / E1tIS71NO 1 I I a � EL.77.1 0- i / TOP of WANK Av►ttox. I PROPo itD TOP OF R1pRAP i r RIvtR T®oTo 1p� TILAVCILSE t'/LOP SLOPE a 0.004.56 74_ + ,,,-.i /• 1 Int 70 _ I WATER ED4[ 6t ° �' PROPOSED ��\ , EL.G9.1 _ — _ I 7 WARY RV TO ' RIVER 60TTOM- SLOP[s 0. EX 16TINC� WANK To OI$LOP!\\ �• \ o n 00 .a4+ I I y. ,� PROPodso To. [ o(..a Of RIPtLAP Os• PROF"05E V MIIJIMWA w d�6 LO DEPTH OPr RIPRAP i+ p *t R A. P O p O O I"o � L O �' O O O N t` 00 Mfn r L Nr. C.M. sr,P t P. it.it 0 0 4 NI M tI f ♦ N 1A lA To RtNTON -�►—�► 5CALE I•= 50, SC ALE . 3-IOitZ. 1% SO' V E RT. 1': to' T°SEAT TLE TO SEATT O KEMG! DALE TO ISSAQUAH . 1 41 tl f y;itp� I o OFFSET AS SMOW y OM PLAN VIEW Q0 N t' ---- ----- --- -------- - s CAO 1 -TRAVERSE I �I 1 TR/wERSE' TRAYEkSc h� 2e-0• 1 I 90 -- ----- -- - -'- -'- ---- - - ------- - --- - ---- - - "' EXCAVATION "� NT - - ��-It-o' �[O't.R. IIL.L PROPosIEV GLOP[ . I (SOLID LIMO FILL �I {e R°CK RIVRAr I I(rITRUN EXISTIU4 C�ROUMb ' 16 Is >: 80—._.--- ----- / - ------ -------- - - / �Z''O'� - 'LLC„RAVIL) (DAIsHtD LINE --- - ... -- - O,t I ^- PIT RUN GIAVRL{ e I 1 O 1dORMAL 1-0 RIVER bt0 70 "z G7.0 I W 01 I j I j y - is to EI 22 f f I I o C QO SS SECTIONS TYPICAL CROSS S CTION E ` To AUSURN I SCALE. 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" ll�k�. �>M ',.....«.-.. .i .,�. .,_, ,. .. r.Ka... •s)•:I S°i!`+1�. . .'f�., t�Yl�•�'�.�� ;YIW..w�" w,�T' y.,t+'%''••'�S r of,M�w.k,• , . y i a Maplewood Golf Course - City of Renton - - `" FAIRWAY #3 4� E N EXISTING CART 3° 3° W w00 ' PATH N Scale in Feet ` (TO BE REMOVED AND REPLACED — r TOP OF BERM — 83 CONSTRUCTIONW Q o LIMITS Z0 w 0. z DZ TOE OF BERM — a Z V) w = GREEN #3 x Note: UU o w Horizontal Survey Information was taken from City of Renton Base Maps. Q Vertical Information was taken from King County N Aerial Survey. w• �' \ Elevations shown are in NAVD 1988 Feet. ^ .: l000l A �,,, 1 / \ .01 \\ / \ 00 Y / \ 0 o X z o // �' x w x 0 J U Of STAGING / \ Q 001 to 0 U Q / \ AREA �' D f L \ ;U 0s rn ,. 4 ao o a U) rnm M \ Q c \ Q BNN \ __. ......... .. ., ........ 0 :.._.. ....:. ,.t ..:.:........ CL [7- N b Z PEDESTRIAN AND GOLF CART BRIDGE 0 0 CD 0 0 w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a O TOP OF LANDSCAPE BERM = : 83. 0 cro84 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . g4 o NEW CART PATH o c82 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2 Z ro CL Q � Z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H v O ro Z3 V w Bo _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .:. . . . . . . . :. . . . . . . . . . . : : : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . ' . . . . . . .:. . . . . . . . . . . . . $0 W LJ—L J � O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t . . . . . . EXISTING- GROUND -ELEVATIONS':'aLONG' CART FATH : . . . . . . . : . . . . . . : : : : � � a CD Z z LU w 78: . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . .:. . . . . . . . :. . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . .:. . . . . . . . :. . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . .: . . . . . . . .:. . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . .: . . . . . . . .:. . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . .: . . . . . . . .:. . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . .: . . . . . . . .:. . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . .: . . . . . . . .:. . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . .: . . . . . . . .:. . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . .: . . . . . . . .:. . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . LU i 0+00 0+25 0+50 0+75 1+00 1+25 1+50 1+75 2+00 2+25 2+50 2+75 3+00 3+25 3+50 3+75 4+00 4+25 4+50 4+75 5+00 5+25 5+50 5+75 6+00 6+25 6+50 6+75 7+00 7+25 Q Z PROFILE HORIZONTAL SCALE: 1'=30' 3 VERlICLE SCALE i -2 >- O W d U a of V Z 0 VMCAU ttoRmoNrK: NO tttt��t Y 0 DATUM 0 w SHEET: 1 Q 0 0 I.. 2° OF: 1 w 0 J z TWO INCHES AT FULL SCALE. JOB NO.: 01657 IF NOT, SCALE ACCORDINGLY DWG: SITEPLAN m