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HomeMy WebLinkAboutSWP2702817_6�ICIO Oj a ' .r r� ai ! 1 SE 143rd Pl - � 4-1 I, ("SE 14-�th{ St B J^ uj Lj \4 ei rn V— 1-5th l'01 ci I I l - ,�� St 145�h Pl l SE, 146th St �- __ _ _ _= \ ----- Av Al Op . �y i / , \ !, � — \ \J /�� ifs � _ _ �\ \_-_ \\ - — __ \•\ 1 ,.. �� - _ --�+ ..%yi'\�`\� �F^/✓ j/fly/ �" � I\��l_\ ; �- �-- �`_ \, 1 \I\. \\ \ se �I ffs S �--•ate- �� ul � � W �C z U ------ \_ —_—_ NO ------------ SE t54th P(\\ \\ "^ $4 ' R \\ ni''I\\ 3gt rfF✓ \. \.\ r Illy,., 1 \ � � "°� y 1 'a ,. � ��' `, --- �°rrrlF�� �\\:` � •�.\ - I /r w6th-- Irr 00 �SE 158t� st / -J "'.*� `C`3 ...\ ✓ .. 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I I I 1 .. o `• \ ✓�f/'.� d / 11 1 I 1 I I 1 I 1 ,1 r _� -. ,.._t—'`^+.�: ". - �•.•-J�� � r , " ;T-.�\ �` � � .. ' � /� / 'f - . r, _ / /"'!r 1 , j I i i I I , \ � �\, Ne / r,' V' _�� .'--v."-_ � .,:�..,�_•r ;'� `�`�vvV� is I I I I i I II �'/./s//' �//// //�r� > � �: Ah PI ��OZ ..; �� ^��� rJ " . -�. / E-�_�-..--�-. ��- •.._,_...,.. L � .�_............... .. � c • �--��?` , � �_ _ !k� \ G _ -• ..TI r-..``\\\ sal q3 T. 'i� ���1"^'?'L�Yi li II ./. \ I 1' tt ll I I 1 \� I II1��,'� G1�Y 200 400 + �► + Storm System 1,4800 P/B/PW TECI MCAL SERVICES Contour Inter.ab 0.5 or LO tneten G6 03/22/05 Datw& NAVD ON Matan 22 T2 3N R5E E 1/2_ 5322 E I oi / 1, i��y G� S� p From: "Liz Stenning" <liz@earthcorps.org> To: "Christian Munter" <Cmunter@ci.renton.wa.us> Date: 10/15/03 11 A0AM Subject: RE: Contract Budgets Christian, Thanks for looking into this. No, we won't go over budget with these two contracts. I will check in with you about the Lower Cedar within the next two weeks so you can know our progress. But, we won't go over budget. It's ok to push the planting and maintenance contracts into next year. I will work on getting those together so you can get them processed. I am checking to see if live willow staking can happen in January or if that is too late. You should receive the invoice for Elliot and Maplewood in the next few days. I'll be in touch in the next couple of weeks to set up a site visit with you for the Mouth of the Cedar Talk to you soon. Liz Stenning Field Program Coordinator 6310 NE 74th Street, Suite 201 E Seattle, WA 98115 (206) 322-9296 X 207 -----Original Message ----- From: Christian Munter[mailto:Cmunter@ci.renton.wa.us] Sent: Wednesday, October 15, 2003 10:18 AM To: Liz Stenning Subject: Contract Budgets Liz, I'm going over the budgets to see what we'll have at the end of the year. Do you foresee EarthCorps going over budget for either of our two contracts? I wouldn't think so since you can merely stop working when you reach the magic number. But I have to make sure you don't go over because my Cedar River budget is very tight and there's literally no room for play. This also means no planting for this year unfortunately. I definately want to work on the planting and maintenance contracts for next year though so we can get into your schedules at the appropriate times. Thanks. Chris Christian D. Munter, P.E. Surface Water Utility City of Renton 1055 S. Grady Way - 5th Floor Renton WA 98055 Phone: 425-430-7205 From: "Liz Stenning" <liz@earthcorps.org> To: "Christian Munter" <Cmunter@ci.renton.wa.us> Date: 9/19/03 4:05PM Subject: RE: Invasive Removal Chris, had a crew at the Maplewood site this week doing invasive removal. The crew was able to get through the whole site, but left about 8 garbage bags on site with knotweed since their vehicle wasn't able to transport it all. I will at the site Monday morning to inspect their work and pick up the bags. From there will get the crew started at the Elliot site on Monday cutting down knotweed. The tentative schedule is for the crew to be at the Elliot site next week and start at the Lower Cedar site at the end of the week or the following week. Are you interested in coming out any of those days to meet the crew or look at the work? I will be off next Thursday 9/25-Monday 9/29. Have a great weekend. Liz Stenning Field Program Coordinator 6310 NE 74th Street, Suite 201 E Seattle, WA 98115 (206) 322-9296 X 207 -----Original Message ----- From: Christian Munter[mailto:Cmunter@ci.renton.wa.us] Sent: Friday, September 19, 2003 3:22 PM To: Liz Stenning Subject: RE: Invasive Removal Liz, Do you have a schedule for work next week? Any crew's out today? Thanks and have a good weekend. Chris Christian D. Munter, P.E. Surface Water Utility City of Renton 1055 S. Grady Way - 5th Floor Renton WA 98055 Phone: 425-430-7205 Fax: 425-430-7241 cmunter@ci.renton.wa.us >>> "Liz Stenning" <liz@earthcorps.org> 09/04/03 01:22PM >>> Hello Chris, I have crews scheduled to work starting the week of September 15th. I had hoped to get crews started sooner, but they were booked out several weeks in advance. Our crews have gotten busy due to the end of the summer flurry of ending construction projects. It was not my intention e_ mQ;1tc( � ?1-/ Ct.rc c*- -tc- `/-/7--o3 2003 CEDAR RIVER RIPARIAN VEGETATION Elliot Rearing/Spawning Side -Channel Distance Segment (ft.) Width (ft.) Area (W) Objectives Priority Plants Required Plant Plant type Quantity Comments rees: Western re cedar, Red alder, Cottonwood, Oregon ash, Sitka spruce, Western hemlock. Shrubs: Red -osier Remove dogwood, Salmonberry, It is imperative to invasives. Pacific ninebark, protect plantings from Replace Pacific crabapple, deer and beaver 1. Upstream end native Oregon grape. Trees: 150 grazing. Width of side -channel (at planting.,,. Emergent: Oregon Shrubs and measurement and riprap weir) to road Stabilizc grape, Salal, rushes, Emergents: number of plantings is crossing. 30 16500 bank. I ferns. 1, 2, 5 gallon units 360 for both banks. Trees: Western re cedar, Red alder, Cottonwood, Oregon 2. From road ash, Sitka spruce, Several large woody crossing to first Western hemlock. debris pieces take up downstream bend Remove Shrubs: Red -osier bank space, and limit (-90 degrees), invasives. dogwood, Salmonberry, Trees: 50 area for planting. It is about 150 feet Plant native Pacific ninebark, Shrubs and imperative to protect downstream of trees and Pacific crabapple, Emergents: plantings from deer and road crossing. 150 15 2250 Ishrubs. 1 Oregon grape. I. 2. 5 gallon units 100 beaver grazing. 3. From confluence of Trees: Western red small tributary to cedar, Red alder, Elliot Side- Cottonwood, Oregon Channel (at about ash, Sitka spruce, It is imperative to the mid -point of Western hemlock. protect plantings from the side -channel) Remove Shrubs: Red -osier deer and beaver to 120 ffet invasives. dogwood, Salmonberry, grazing. Width downstream, or Plant native Pacific ninebark, Trees: 60 measurement and first bend (-90 trees and Pacific crabapple, Shrubs: number of plantings is de rees) 120 20 1 2400 Ishrubs. 11 Oregon grape. 11, 2, 5 gallon units 1120 1 for both banks. 2003 CEDAR RIVER RIPARIAN VEGETATION Maplewood Revetment Distance Segment (ft.) Width (ft.) Area (ft2) Objectives Priority Plants Required Plant type Plant Quantity Comments Conifers for replacement planting at top of bank - Western red cedar, Western hemlock, and/or Sitka spruce. 28 Western red Shrubs - Red -osier cedar, Western Remove invasive species. dogwood, Red- hemlock, and/or 1. At the eastern Replace dead conifers on upper flowering currant, Sitka spruce. Deer grazing has edge of the bank. Plant shrubs - especially Pacific ninebark 600 shrubs - Red caused shrub Maplewood Golf Red -osier dogwood, Red- and/or Twinberry - osier dogwood, plantings on slope to Course, adjacent to flowering currant, Pacific to be planted on Red -flowering fail. Any shrub or the Cedar river, 300 ninebark, Twinberry on the slope between currant, Pacific deciduous plantings feet upstream of the slope between the conifers at conifers on bank top 1, 2, 5 ninebark and/or must be protected golf -cart bridge. 400 1 60 1 24000 Ithe top and the water's edge. I 1 I and water's edge. I gallon units Twinberry. from deer grazing. 2003 CEDAR RIVER RIPARIAN VEGETATION Lower Cedar River, right bank. Distance Width Area Plants Plant Sevment (ft.) (ft.) (ft') Obiectives Prioritv Reauired Plant tyne Ouantitv Comments We'd like to remove invasives that threaten park plantings, and are considered noxious. This area is difficult to access and may present Removal of invasive plants on very steep, narrow bank safety problems because of very steep bank and deep water. We'd I. Mouth to 30 ft. between landscaped park property and water. Bank Willow, like to remove invasives with minimal bank erosion/sluffing, and upstream (south) of' stabilization. Replacement with native plants Red -osier eventually plant it with native plants that are acceptable to City of boat launch. 660 to 6600 acceptable to City of Renton Parks Dept.. 2 dogwood Staking 220 Renton Parks De rtrnent; Variety o is segment as areas with a mature tree zone and a more shrub and gradually -sloped bank, so shading and bank stability have kept 2. Continuing tree species down invasives. Going south (upstream) there are some areas with south, from 30 ft. per Staking; steeper banks, and patches of Japanese knotweed. Invasive upstream of boat Spot removal of invasive plants. Spot replacement restoration 1, 2, 5 occurrence is spotty; after removal of invasives, we're interested in launch to beginning with native plants acceptable to City of Renton Parks team's gallon planting those areas with native plants acceptable to the City of of floodwall. 107� 10 20750 1 Dept. 2 1 i ud ement units. 220 lRenton Parks De t. Varietyo e i e o remove invasives that threaten park plantings, and are shrub and considered noxious. This area is difficult to access and may present Removal of invasive plants between floodwall and tree species Staking; safety problems because of very steep bank and deep water. We'd water. Bank stabilization. Replacement with native per 1, 2, 5 like to remove invasives with minimal bank erosion/sluffing, and 3. Entire length of plants acceptable to City of Renton Parks Dept., and restoration gallon eventually plant it with native plants that are acceptable to City of floodwall. 3u 0 15900 consistent with existing plant community. 2 team's units. 275 Renton Parks De ment. We'd li e to remove invasives that threaten park plantings, and are considered noxious. This area is difficult to access and may present 4. From south Removal of invasive plants on very steep, narrow bank safety problems because of very steep bank and deep water. We'd (upstream) end of between landscaped park property and water. Bank Willow, like to remove invasives with minimal bank erosion/sluffing, and floodwall to South stabilization. Replacement with native plants Red -osier eventually plant it with native plants that are acceptable to City of Boeing bridge. 490 10 4900 acceptable to City of Renton Parks Dept.. 2 dogwood Staking 170 Renton Parks Department. 2003 CEDAR RIVER RIPARIAN VEGETATION Lower Cedar River, left bank. Distauec Width Area Plant Segment (fl.) (ft.) (ft2l Obiectives Prioritv Plants Required Plant lvne Ouantitv Comments 1. Immediately north (downstream) of South Boeing bridge to large complex of willow trees, just south (upstream) of WDFW fisheries monitoring station. 150 40 6000 Removal of invasives. Replacement with native plants, including emergent, shrub, and tree species. Possibly soil supplementation and use of groundcover to prevent re- lestablishment of invasives. I Trees: Red alder, Oregon ash, Cottonwood, Western red cedar, Western hemlock, Sitka spruce. Shrubs: Red - osier dogwood, Pacific ninebark, Red -flowering currant. Emergent: Salal, Oregon grape, ferns. 1, 2, 5 gallon units 100 trees, 500 shrub or emergent. Bank has a bluff -like morphology, this area has already had invasive removal done once by Earthcorps. 2. Continuing north, the next segment begins 300 feet north (downstream) of the willow complex that is at the end of Removal of invasives. Trees: Red alder, Oregon ash, Segment I (above). Replacement with native Cottonwood, Western red Bank has a bluff -like The floodwall angles plants, including emergent, cedar, Western hemlock, morphology, this area has west, the bank is shrub, and tree species. Sitka spruce. Shrubs: Red- already had invasive removal wider, and the Possibly soil osier dogwood, Pacific done once by Earthcorps. floodwall is replaced supplementation and use of ninebark, Red -flowering 300 trees, Some plantings already by a chain -link groundcover to prevent re- currant. Emergent: Salal, I, 2, 5 1000 shrub established here, especially fence. 600 0 18000 establishment of invasives. 1 Oregon grape, ferns. gallon units or emergent. alder, salal, cedar. Bank oes no ave a u form - it's just above the water, and is very narrow. Salal and Oregon grape 465 willows plantings are spaced about I stakings, meter apart, and most have Replacement of failed planted been successful. There are willow stakings. Removal every two also a few alders and of invasives to allow for feet. 300 cottonwoods. There were 3. Continuing north Salal and Oregon grape on Sala] and/or hundreds of willow stakings (downstream), the bank to flourish. Additional Oregon in this segment, but were floodwall begins Salal and Oregon grape grape planted toofar waterward. again, and the bank plantings on bank. Possibly plantings to The focus in this segment is narrows. This soil supplementation and supplement to replace all willow stakings, segment extends to use of groundcover to Staking; established and to make additional Salal the end of the prevent re-establishment of 1, 2 gallon plants on and Oregon grape plantings floodwall. 1 930 1 8 1 7440 linvasives. units. lbank. Ion the bank. 2003 CEDAR RIVER RIPARIAN VEGETATION Lower Cedar River, left bank from South Boeing Bridge to Logan Avenue. Distance Width Area Segment (ft.) (ft.) W) Plants Plant Objectives Priority Required Plant type Quantity Comments Bank here has bluff -like morphology. Alders planted are doing very well; Salal and Oregon Removal of invasives. grape have had some Replacement with success. Focus in this native plants, including segment is to remove emergent, shrub, and invasives on bluff, and tree species. Possibly Alder, Salal, make additional plantings 1. Going south soil supplementation Oregon grape, 140 Alder or of Alder, Sala], Oregon (upstream) from and use of groundcover possibly Cottonwood, grape between established South Boeing to prevent re- Cottonwood, 1, 2, 5 290 Salal plantings. Cottonwood Bridge to Logan establishment of Red -osier gallon and/or Oregon and Red -osier dogwood Avenue Bridge. 1735 12 20820 invasives. 2 dogwood. units. grape. would also work well. City of Renton -Cedar River Riparian Vegetation Scope of Work - April 2003 C- II � 1+ Proposal for: Christian Munter Prepared by EarthCorps 6310 NE 74th St, suite 201E Maplewood Revetment Seattle, WA 98115 206.322.9296 206.322.9312 fax Date: April 28, 2003 Work Item # Width (see attached Unit Cost per At the eastern edge of the 71WU=11K=1V111U"zV*i1W�_ NIL Distance (ft.) (ft.) Area (sq.ft.) spreadsheet) sq. ft. Subtotals Assumptions/Notes Remove invasive species. Maplewood Golf Course, Replace dead conifers on adjacent to the Cedar upper bank. Plant shrubs on River, 300 feet upstream of the slope between the conifers the golf cart bridge. at the top and the water's 400 60 24000 edge. Plantin 7001 $0.20 $4,800.00 Includes deer protection tubes Subtotal $4,800.00 Field Project Management & Supervision (7% of Total) N/A Project Administration (10% of Total) $480.00 Materials Handling Fee (10% of Total) N/A Mileage _ N/A TOTAL FEE $5,280.00 FallPlant1.xls EarthCorps 05/02/2003 City of Renton- Cedar River Riparian Vegetation Scope of Work- April 2003 Proposal for: Christian Munter _ Prepared by EarthCorps Elliot Rearing/Spawning Side Channel 1206.322.9296 6310 NE 74th St, Suite 201 E Seattle, WA 98115 206.322.9312fax Date April 28, 2003 Work Item # Width (see attached Unit Cost per Distance (ft.) (ft.) Area (sq.ft.) spreadsheet) sq. ft. Subtotals Assumptions/Notes Remove invasives. Replace native plantings. Stabilize bank. Width Upstream end of side -channel (at measurement and number of Segment 1 riprap weir) to road crossing. 550 30 16500 plantings is for both banks. Includes deer protection tubes. Planting 710 $0.63 $10,395.00 Subtotal $10,395.00 From road crossing to first Remove invasives. Replace downstream bend (- 90 degrees), native plantings. Stabilize bank. about 150 feet downstream of road Width measurement and number Segment 2 1crossing. 67 15 1005 of plantings is for both banks. 720 $1.25 $1,256.25 Includes deer protection tubes. Planting Subtotal $1,256.25 From confluence of small tributary to Elliot Side -Channel (at about the Remove invasives. Replace mid -point of the side -channel) to native plantings. Stabilize bank. 120 ffet downstream, or first bend Width measurement and number Segment_3 (-90 degrees) 58 20 1160 of plantings is for both banks. Planting 720 $1.25 $1,450.00 Includes deer protection tubes. Subtotal $1,450.00 Subtotal of subtotals $13,101.25 Field Project Management & Supervision (7% of Total) N/A $1,310.13 Project Administration (10% of Total) Materials Handling Fee (10% of Total) N/A Mileage N/A TOTAL FEE $14,411.38 FallPlant1.xls EarthCorps 05/02/2003 City of Renton -Cedar River Riparian Vegetation Scope of Work - April 2003 Proposal for: Christian Munter Prepared by EarthCorps Lower Cedar River 6310 NE 74th St, Suite 201 E Seattle, WA 96115 206.322.9296 206.322.9312 fax Date: April 28, 2003 Work Item # Width Distance (ft.) (ft.) Area (sq.ft.) see attached (spreadsheet) Unit Cost per sq. ft. (Subtotals Assumptions/Notes: Paul Conrecode Assumptions/Notes: EarthCorps Immediately north (downstream) of o1 s. South Boeing bridge to large Replace t with at Replacement with native plants, Prior Inasive Removal, complex of willow trees, just south including emergent, shrub, and Bank Stabilization, and (upstream) of WDFW fisheries tree species. Possibly soil Planting by EC. Poor Left Bank Segment 1 9 monitoring station. 150 40 6000 supplementation and use - groundcover to prevent re soil, no tree canopy. Planting 710 $0.631 $3,780.00 Subtotal $3,780.00 Continuing north, the next segment begins 300 feet north (downstream) Removal of invasives. of the willow complex that is at the Replacement with native plants, Prior Inasive Removal, end of Segment 1 (above). The including emergent, shrub, and Bank Stabilization, and floodwall angles west, the bank is tree species. Possibly soil Planting by EC. Poor wider, and the floodwall is replaced supplementation and use of soil, no tree canopy. by a chain -link fence. groundcover to prevent re - S ment 2 Segment 600 Planting 30 18000 $3,600.00 establishment of invasives. 700 $0.20 Subtotal $3,600.00 Replacement of failedwillow Continuing north (downstream), the stakings. Removal of invasives to Prior willow stakings floodwall begins again, and the allow for Salal and Oregon grape unsuccessful due to bank narrows. This segment on bank to flourish. Additional bank heigth. Some Segment 3 extends to the end of the floodwall. 930 8 7440 Salal and Oregon grape plantings on bank. Possibly soil native plantings of groundcovers supplementation and use of successful. Planting 710 $0.63 $4.687.20 oroundrover to prevent re - Subtotal $4,687.20 Subtotal $12,067.20 Field Project Management & Supervision (7% of Total) N/A Project Administration (10% of Total) $1,206.72 N/A N/A Materials Handling Fee (10% of Total) Mileage TOTAL FEE $13,273.92 FalIPIant2.XIS EarthCorps 05/02/2003 EarthCorps 2003 Invasive 10% Total Site Segment Removal Soil Prep Planting Elliot Channel 1 $1,650.00 $4,950.00 $10,395.00 $1,699.50 $18,694.50 2 $675.00 $675.00 $2,812.50 $416.25 $4,578.75 3 $720.00 $720.00 $3,000.00 $444.00 $4,884.00 10% $304.5Q $634 5t3 ,6f 0.75 Total' $ ,I 17,828.25 $28,157.25 \ Invasive 10% Total Site Se meat Removal Soil Prep Planting Maplewood $2,400.00 $1,200.00 $4,800.00 / $840.00 $9,240.00 10% $240.00 $120.00 $480.00 Total 1 5,280.00 $9,240.00 Invasive 10% Total Site Segment Removal Soil Prep Planting Cedar River 1 $1,800.00 $960.00 $3,780.00 $654.00 $7,194.00 Lower Left Bank 2 $5,400.00 $2,880.00 $3,600.00 $1,188.00 $13,068.00 3 $2-,232I----$1.190.40 $4,687.2$----,, $810.96 $8,920.56 10% —$943.20 $503.04 ,206.72 Total $10,375.20 $5,533.44 $29,182.56 Grand Totals $16,364.70 $13,832.94 $T6,2.17 $66,579.81 2003Work.xls City of Renton -Cedar River Riparian Vegetation Scope of Work - April 2003 Proposal for: Christian Munter Prepared by EarthCorps Lower Cedar River - - 6310 NE 74th St, Sufte 201E — Seattle, WA 98115 206.322.9296 206.322.9312fax Date: April 28, 2003 Work Item # Width (see attached Unit Cost pert, Assumptions/Notes: Paul Assumptions/Notes: Distance (ft.) (ft.) Area (sq.ft.) spreadsheet) sq. ft. Subtotals Conrecode EarthCorps � .� �.<• �, ter,.. Immediately north (downstream) of South Boeing bridge to large Removal invasives. complex of willow trees, just south Replacement with native plants, Prior Inasive Removal, (upstream) of WDFW fisheries including emergent, shrub, and Bank Stabilization, and Left Bank Segment 1 monitoring station. 150 40 6000 tree species. Possibly soil supplementation and use of Plantingb EC. Poor y $0.30 $11,800.00 Invasive Removal/Disposal 600 groundcover to prevent re- soil, no tree canopy. Soil Preparation 510 $0.16 $960.00 establishment of invasives. 710 $0.63 $3,780.0 Planting Subtotal $6,540.00 Continuing north, the next segment begins 300 feet north (downstream) of the willow complex that is at the Removal of invasives. end of Segment 1 (above). The Replacement with native plants, Prior Inasive Removal, floodwall angles west, the bank is including emergent, shrub, and Bank Stabilization, and wider, and the floodwall is replaced tree species. Possibly soil Planting by EC. Poor Segment 2 by a chain -link fence. 9 600 30 18000 supplementation and use of groundcoverto prevent re- soil, no tree canopy. Invasive Removal/Disposal _ establishment of invasives. 600 $0.30 $5,400.0 $0.16 $2,880.00 Soil Preparation 510 Planting 700 $0.20 $3,600.00 Subtotal $11,880.00 Replacement of failed willow Continuing north (downstream), the stakings. Removal of invasives to Prior willow stakings floodwall begins again, and the allow for Salal and Oregon grape unsuccessful due to bank narrows. This segment on bank to flourish. Additional bank heigth. Some Segment 3 extends to the end of the floodwall. 930 81 7440 $2,232.00 Sala] and Oregon grape plantings native plantings of 600 Invasive Removal/Disposal 510 $0.30 $0.16 $1,190.40 on bank. Possibly soil supplementation and use of groundcoverto prevent re - groundcovers successful. Soil Pre aration Planting 710 $0.63 $4,687.20 establishment of invasives. u oa Left Bank from Removal of invasives. South Boeing :Going south (upstream) from South g ) Replacement with native plants, Well established native Bridge to Logan Boeing Bridge to Logan Avenue e t including emergent, shrub, and g 9 tree/s,ntrmhrub canopy Avenue Segment 1 Bridge. 1735 12 20820 tree species. Possibly soil Renton Mitigation Estimate.xls EarthCorps 04/28/2003 City of Renton -Cedar River Riparian Vegetation Scope of Work - April 2003 Invasive Removal/Disposal 1 600 $0.30 $6,246.00 supplementation and use of groundcover to prevent re - establishment of invasives. invasives. Soil Preparation 510 $0.16 $3,331.20 Planting 700 $0.20 $4,164.00 u o a 1 ,741.20 Right Bank Segment 1 Mouth to 30 ft. upstream (south) of boat launch. Invasive RemovaUDis osal 660 10 6600 Removal of invasive plants on very steep, narrow bank between landscaped park property and water. Bank stabilization. Replacement with native plants acceptable to City of Renton Parks Dept. Rip -rap, steep banks, blackberry predominant. 620 $0.70 $4,620.0 Soil Preparation (includes bank stabilization where necessary) 520 $0.45 $2,970.00 Planting 700 $0.20 $1,320.00 Subtotal $8,910.0 Segment 2 Continuing south, from 30 ft. upstream of boat launch to beginning of floodwall. 2075 10 20750 Spot removal of invasive plants. Spot replacement with native plants acceptable to City of Renton Parks Dept. Good native tree canopy, some bank erosion, patchy invasives. Invasive RemovaUDis osal 610 $0.30 $6,225.00 Soil Preparation 500 $0.05 $1,037.50 Planting 700 $0.20 $4,150.0 Subtotal $11,412.501 Segment 3 Entire length of floodwall. 530 30 15900 Removal of invasive plants between floodwall and water. Bank stabilization. Replacement with native plants acceptable to City of Renton Parks Dept., and consistent with existing plant community. Dense blackberry and knotweed patches intermixed with native shrubs and some alder. Live staking along steep banks. Invasive RemovaUDis osal 620 $0.70 $11,130.00 Soil Preparation 510 $0.30 $4,770.00 Planting 700 $0.20 $3,186-bol Subtotal $19,080.0 Segment 4 From south (upstream) end of floodwall to South Boeing bridge. 490 10 4900 $0.701 $3,430.00 Removal of invasive plants on very steep, narrow bank between landscaped park property and water. Bank stabilization. Replacement with native plants acceptable to City of Renton Parks Dept.. Dense blackberry and knotweed patches. Live staking along steep banks. Invasive RemovaUDis osal 620 Soil Preparation 500 $0.05 $245-00 Planting 720 $1.25 $6,125.00 u tota Subtotal $89,473.30 Field Project Management & Supervision (7% of Total) Project Administration (10% of Total) N/A $8,947.33 N/A _ _ Materials Handling Fee (10% of Total) Mileage N/A TOTAL FEE $98,420.63 Renton Mitigation Estimate.xls EarthCorps 04/28/2003 From: "Conrecode, Paul" <PConrecode@golder.com> To: 'Christian Munter' <Cmunter@ci.renton.wa.us> Date: 5/1 /03 10:53AM Subject: RE: renton scope of work Hi Chris, Here's a rough prioritization of the vegetation work: �1.) Elliot Side -Channel, segment 1 ✓2.) Lower River, Left Bank, segment 1 9) Lower River, Left Bank, segment 2 4A.) Elliot Side -Channel, segment 2 5.) Elliot Side -Channel, segment 3 /6.) Maplewood ✓7.) Lower River, Left Bank, segment 3 8.) Lower River, Left Bank, S. Boeing to Logan Ave, segment 1 9.) Lower River, Right Bank, segment 3 10.) Lower River, Right Bank, segment 2 11.) Lower River, Right Bank, segment 4 12.) Lower River, Right Bank, segment 1 With $60k, it looks like we could do the first six items on the list. Please let me know what you think. I would still like to see about developing a volunteer team. Paul Conrecode Project Fisheries Biologist Golder Associates Inc. 18300 NE Union Hill Rd., Ste 200 Redmond. WA 98052 Tel: (425)883-0777 Fax: (425)882-5498 -----Original Message ----- From: Christian Munter(mailto:Cmunter@ci.renton.wa.us] Sent: Monday, April 28, 2003 3:40 PM To: PConrecode@golder.com Subject: Fwd: renton scope of work Paul, Attached are the cost estimates from EarthCorps based on the spread sheets you put together. Ron and I have looked at the numbers and think we only have about $60,000 for this years work. Would you take a look at the spread sheet and let me know what you think is of the highest priority. Right now we're looking at the Elliot Spawning channel, Maplewood Revetment, and only the left bank of the Lower Cedar River. Thanks. City of Renton- Cedar River Riparian Vegetation Scope of Work- April 2003 Proposal for: Christian Munter Prepared by EarthCorps Elliot Rearing/Spawning Side Channel 6310 NE 74tn St, suite 201E Seattle, WA 98115 206.322.9296 206.322.9312 fax Date: April 28, 2003 Work Item # Width (see attached Unit Cost per Distance (ft.) (ft.) Area (sq.ft.) spreadsheet) sq. ft. Subtotals Assumptions/Notes Remove invasives. Replace native plantings. Stabilize bank. Width Upstream end of side -channel (at measurement and number of Segment 1 riprap weir) to road crossing. 550 30 16500 Invasive Removal/Disposal 600 $0.10 $1,650.00 Soil Preparation (includes bank plantings is for both banks. stabilization where necessary) 510 $0.30 $4,950.00 Includes deer protection tubes. Planting 710 $0.63 $10,395.00 Subtotal $16,995.00 From road crossing to first Remove invasives. Replace native downstream bend (-90 degrees), plantings. Stabilize bank. Width about 150 feet downstream of road measurement and number of Segment 2 crossing. 150 15 2250 . 600 $0.30 $675.00 plantings is for both banks. Invasive Removal/Dis osal Soil Preparation (includes bank stabilization where necessary) 510 $0.30 $675.00 Planting $2,812.50 Includes deer protection tubes. 720 $1.25 Subtotal $4,162.50 From confluence of small tributary Remove invasives. Replace native to Elliot Side -Channel (at about the plantings. Stabilize bank. Width mid -point of the side -channel) to measurement and number of 120 ffet downstream, or first bend plantings is for both banks. Segment 3 (-90 degrees) 120 20 2400 600 $0.30' $720.00 Invasive Removal/Disposal Renton Mitigation Estimate.xls EarthCorps 04/28/2003 City of Renton- Cedar River Riparian Vegetation Scope of Work- April 2003 Soil Preparation (includes bank stabilization where necessary) 510 $0.301 $720.00 Includes deer protection tubes. Planting 720 $1.251 $3,000.00 Subtotal $4,440.00 Subtotal of subtotals Field Project Management & Supervision (7% of Total) $25,597.50 N/A Project Administration (10% of Total) $2,559.75 Materials Handling Fee (10% of Total) N/A Mileage N/A ITOTAL FEE $28,157.251 Renton Mitigation Estimate.xls EarthCorps 04/28/2003 City of Renton -Cedar River Riparian Vegetation Scope of Work - April 2003 Proposal for: Christian Munter Prepared by EarthCorps Maplewood Revetment 631ONE 74th St, Suite 201E Seattle, WA 98115 206.322.9296 206.322.9312fax Date: April 28, 2003 Work Item # Width (see attached Unit Cost per' Distance (ft.) (ft.) Area (sq.ft.) spreadsheet) isq. ft. Subtotals Assumptions/Notes At the eastern edge of the Remove invasive species. Maplewood Golf Course, Replace dead conifers on adjacent to the Cedar upper bank. Plant shrubs on River, 300 feet upstream of the slope between the conifers the golf cart bridge. at the top and the water's 400 60 24000 edge. Invasive Removal/Disposal 600 $0.10 $2,400.00 Soil Preparation 500 $0.05 $1,200.00 Includes soil prep. Planting 700 $0.20 $4,800.00 Includes deer protection tubes Subtotal i $8,400.00 Field Project Management & Supervision (7% of Total) N/A $840.00 Project Administration (10% of Total) Materials Handling Fee (10% of Total) N/A N/A Mileage TOTAL FEE $9,240.00 Renton Mitigation Estimate.xls EarthCorps 04/28/2003 Soil Prep -Invasive Removal -Planting Bidding and Estimation Chart UNIT COST WORK ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT (materials and labor Soil Preparation 500 Sparse Compost added per plant sq. ft. $ 0.05 Compost and arborist mulch around 510 Light plants sq. ft. $ 0.35 Apply compost, cardboard slips when 520 Medium needed, arborist mulch per plant sq. ft. $ 0.45 Full site compost, cardboard slips, 530 Heavy arborist mulch sq. ft. $ 1.35 540 Heavy & Tilling Heavy soil prep, machine tilling sq. ft. $ 1.55 Heavy soil prep, erosion control 550 Heavy & Bank Stabilization fabric coir/jute) sq. ft. $ 1.55 Heavy soil prep, erosion control Heavy, Bank Stabilization, fabric (coir/jute), straw wattles/staked 560 Terracing native wood sq. ft. $ 1.75 Invasive Control 600 Light Spot removal of woody invasives sq. ft. $ .10-.30 Removal of patches of woody 610 Medium invasives- light grubbing sq. ft. $ .30-.70 Removal of large patches of woody invasives with no invasives present- 620 Heavy light grubbing sq. ft. $ .70-1.00 Cutting and/or heavy grubbing. Herbicide and/or fabric with few 630 Profuse native plants present. sq. ft. $ 1.00-1.25 Planting 700 Sparse 45' on center, average 1 gal. plant sq. ft. $ 0.20 710 Light 15' on center, average 1 gal. plant s q. ft. $ 0.63 720 Medium 10' on center, average 1 gal. plant ft. $ 1.25 730 Dense _sq. 5' on center, average 1 gal. plant sq. ft. $ 1.80 EARTHCORPS CONFIDENTIAL: NOT FOR RELEASE OR DISTRIBUTION. 04/28/2003 `/-/7-L-03 2003 CEDAR RIVER RIPARIAN VEGETATION Elliot Rearing/Spawning Side -Channel Distance Segment (ft.) Width (ft.) Area (ft) Objectives Priority Plants Required Plant Plant type Quantity Comments rees: Western re cedar, Red alder, Cottonwood, Oregon ash, Sitka spruce, Western hemlock. Shrubs: Red -osier Remove dogwood, Salmonberry, It is imperative to invasives. Pacific ninebark, protect plantings from Replace Pacific crabapple, deer and beaver 1. Upstream end native Oregon grape. Trees: 150 grazing. Width of side -channel (at plantings. Emergent: Oregon Shrubs and measurement and riprap weir) to road Stabilize grape, Salal, rushes, Emergents: number of plantings is crossing. 550 30 1 16500 bank. I ferns. 1, 2, 5 gallon units 360 Ifor both banks. Trees: Western re cedar, Red alder, Cottonwood, Oregon 2. From road ash, Sitka spruce, Several large woody crossing to first Western hemlock. debris pieces take up downstream bend Remove Shrubs: Red -osier bank space, and limit (- 90 degrees), invasives. dogwood, Salmonberry, Trees: 50 area for planting. It is about 150 feet Plant native Pacific ninebark, Shrubs and imperative to protect downstream of trees and Pacific crabapple, Emergents: plantings from deer and road crossing. 150 15 1 2250 shrubs. 1 Oregon grape. 1, 2, 5 gallon units 100 1 beaver grazing. 3. From confluence of Trees: Western red small tributary to cedar, Red alder, Elliot Side- Cottonwood, Oregon Channel (at about ash, Sitka spruce, It is imperative to the mid -point of Western hemlock. protect plantings from the side -channel) Remove Shrubs: Red -osier deer and beaver to 120 ffet invasives. dogwood, Salmonberry, grazing. Width downstream, or Plant native Pacific ninebark, Trees: 60 measurement and first bend (-90 trees and Pacific crabapple, Shrubs: number of plantings is de rees) 1 120 1 20 1 2400 Ishrubs, 1 I Oregon grape. 11, 2, 5 gallon units 1120 Ifor both banks. 2003 CEDAR RIVER RIPARIAN VEGETATION Maplewood Revetment Distance Seement (ft.) Width (ft.) Area (fe) Obiectives Prioritv Plants Required Plant tvve Plant Ouantity Comments Conifers for replacement planting at top of bank - Western red cedar, Western hemlock, and/or Sitka spruce. 28 Western red Shrubs - Red -osier cedar, Western Remove invasive species. dogwood, Red- hemlock, and/or 1. At the eastern Replace dead conifers on upper flowering currant, Sitka spruce. Deer grazing has edge of the bank. Plant shrubs - especially Pacific ninebark 600 shrubs - Red caused shrub Maplewood Golf Red -osier dogwood, Red- and/or Twinberry - osier dogwood, plantings on slope to Course, adjacent to flowering currant, Pacific to be planted on Red -flowering fail. Any shrub or the Cedar river, 300 ninebark, Twinberry on the slope between currant, Pacific deciduous plantings feet upstream of the slope between the conifers at conifers on bank top 1, 2, 5 ninebark and/or must be protected golf -cart bridge. 400 60 24000 the top and the water's edge. I 1 land water's edge. Igallon units I Twinberry. I from deer grazing. 2003 CEDAR RIVER RIPARIAN VEGETATION Lower Cedar River, left bank. Distance Width Area Plant Segment (ft.) (ft.) (ft 2) Objectives Priority Plants Required Plant type Quantity Comments 1. Immediately north (downstream) of South Boeing bridge to large complex of willow trees, just south (upstream) of WDFW fisheries monitoring station. 150 40 6000 Removal of invasives. Replacement with native plants, including emergent, shrub, and tree species. Possibly soil supplementation and use of groundcover to prevent re- establishment of invasives. 1 Trees: Red alder, Oregon ash, Cottonwood, Western red cedar, Western hemlock, Sitka spruce. Shrubs: Red - osier dogwood, Pacific ninebark, Red -flowering currant. Emergent: Salal, Oregon grape, ferns. 1, 2, 5 gallon units 100 trees, 500 shrub or emergent. Bank has a bluff -like morphology, this area has already had invasive removal done once by Earthcor s. 2. Continuing north, the next segment begins 300 feet north (downstream) of the willow complex that is at the end of Removal of invasives. Trees: Red alder, Oregon ash, Segment 1 (above). Replacement with native Cottonwood, Western red Bank has a bluff -like The floodwall angles plants, including emergent, cedar, Western hemlock, morphology, this area has west, the bank is shrub, and tree species. Sitka spruce. Shrubs: Red- already had invasive removal wider, and the Possibly soil osier dogwood, Pacific done once by Earthcorps. floodwall is replaced supplementation and use of ninebark, Red -flowering 300 trees, Some plantings already by a chain -link groundcover to prevent re- currant. Emergent: Salal, 1, 2, 5 1000 shrub established here, especially fence. 600 30 18000 establishment of invasives. I Oregon grape, ferns. gallon units or emergent. alder, salal, cedar. lJanK does not have a bluff form - it's just above the water, and is very narrow. Salal and Oregon grape 465 willows plantings are spaced about I stakings, meter apart, and most have Replacement of failed planted been successful. There are willow stakings. Removal every two also a few alders and of invasives to allow for feet. 300 cottonwoods. There were 3. Continuing north Salal and Oregon grape on Sala] and/or hundreds of willow stakings (downstream), the bank to flourish. Additional Oregon in this segment, but were floodwall begins Salal and Oregon grape grape planted too far waterward. again, and the bank plantings on bank. Possibly plantings to The focus in this segment is narrows. This soil supplementation and supplement to replace all willow stakings, segment extends to use of groundcover to Staking; established and to make additional Salal the end of the prevent re-establishment of 1, 2 gallon plants on and Oregon grape plantings floodwall. 1 930 1 8 1 7440 1 invasives. 1 2 1 lunits. I bank. Ion the bank. 2003 CEDAR RIVER RIPARIAN VEGETATION Lower Cedar River, left bank from South Boeing Bridge to Logan Avenue. Distance Width Area Segment (ft.) (ft.) W) Plants Plant Objectives Priority Required Plant type Quantity Comments Bank here has bluff -like morphology. Alders planted are doing very well; Salal and Oregon Removal of invasives. grape have had some Replacement with success. Focus in this native plants, including segment is to remove emergent, shrub, and invasives on bluff, and tree species. Possibly Alder, Sala], make additional plantings 1. Going south soil supplementation Oregon grape, 140 Alder or of Alder, Salal, Oregon (upstream) from and use of groundcover possibly Cottonwood, grape between established South Boeing to prevent re- Cottonwood, 1, 2, 5 290 Salal plantings. Cottonwood Bridge to Logan establishment of Red -osier gallon and/or Oregon and Red -osier dogwood Avenue Bridge. 1735 12 20820 invasives. 2 dogwood. units. grape. would also work well. 2003 CEDAR RIVER RIPARIAN VEGETATION Lower Cedar River, right bank. Distance Width Area Plants Plant Sepment (ft.) (ft.) W) 0hiectives Priority Renuired Plant tvne Onantity Cnmments Welike to remove invasives that threaten park plantings, and are considered noxious. This area is difficult to access and may present Removal of invasive plants on very steep, narrow bank safety problems because of very steep bank and deep water. We'd 1. Mouth to 30 ft. between landscaped park property and water. Bank Willow, like to remove invasives with minimal bank erosion/sluffing, and upstream (south) of stabilization. Replacement with native plants Red -osier eventually plant it with native plants that are acceptable to City of boat launch. 660 10 6600 acceptable to City of Renton Parks Dept.. 2 Staking220 Renton ParksDeart.d nwi y s segment as t a mature tree zone and a more shrub and gradually -sloped bank, so shading and bank stability have kept 2. Continuing tree species down invasives. Going south (upstream) there are some areas with south, from 30 ft. per Staking; steeper banks, and patches of Japanese knotweed. Invasive upstream of boat Spot removal of invasive plants. Spot replacement restoration 1, 2, 5 occurrence is spotty; after removal of invasives, we're interested in launch to beginning with native plants acceptable to City of Renton Parks team's gallon planting those areas with native plants acceptable to the City of offloodwall. 2075 1 10 20750 Dept. 2 hudgement units. 220 1 Renton Parks De t. variety o e i e o remove invasives mat threaten park plantings, and are shrub and considered noxious. This area is difficult to access and may present Removal of invasive plants between floodwall and tree species Staking; safety problems because of very steep bank and deep water. We'd water. Bank stabilization. Replacement with native per I, 2, 5 like to remove invasives with minimal bank erosion/sluffing, and 3. Entire length of plants acceptable to City of Renton Parks Dept., and restoration gallon eventually plant it with native plants that are acceptable to City of floodwall. ,0 0 15900 consistent with existing plant community. 2 team's units. 275 Renton Parks De ent. We'd like to remove mvasives that threaten park plantings, and are considered noxious. This area is difficult to access and may present 4. From south Removal of invasive plants on very steep, narrow bank safety problems because of very steep bank and deep water. We'd (upstream) end of between landscaped park property and water. Bank Willow, like to remove invasives with minimal bank emsion/slufftng, and floodwall to South stabilization. Replacement with native plants Red -osier eventually plant it with native plants that are acceptable to City of Boeing bridge. 490 10 4900 acceptable to City of Renton Parks Dept.. 2 dogwood Staking 170 Renton Parks Department. From: "Liz Stenning" <liz@earthcorps.org> To: "Christian Munter" <Cmunter@ci.renton.wa.us> Date: 5/5/03 5:15PM Subject: new spreadsheets Chris, I have revised the spreadsheets to show a project management fee. Here is our business license number. 601459107 We will be renewing the insurance this week and it should be processed next week. Will we be starting up a contract for the right bank as well or do we need to wait? Let me know if you have any questions or concerns. Liz Stenning Field Program Coordinator 6310 NE 74th Street, Suite 201 E Seattle, WA 98115 (206) 322-9296 X 207 From: Christian Munter To: Stenning, Liz Date: 5/2/03 9:18AM Subject: 2003 Contracts Liz, Sorry it's taking a while to get this back to you but with the budget/contract constraints, sorting and retasking was required. What I have in mind is essentially 4 contracts to stay under our $20,000 limit. Two for invasive removal/soil prep. and two for planting. The two for invasive removal and soil prep. will be for Elliot Channel/Maplewood Revetment and Lower Cedar River Left Bank accordingly. The work on these can start as soon as we get the insurance forms worked out and the contracts signed ..... 2 to 3 weeks hopefullyl. The planting contracts will be set up the same way and we will work through those in the Fall when planting time would be more appropriate. Attached are the Invasive Removal/Soil Prep. scopes of work for your approval. I simply modified the ones you sent me. Let me know if they are ok. Also attached is the Insurance Information Pack. Have that filled out for each contract and send back to me with the Certificates as soon as possible so we can get that out of the way. Provided the scopes of work are ok with you, I will be working on the contracts. If you have a City Bus License No., would you let me know what that is. Let me know if you have any questions. Thanks. Chris Christian D. Munter, P.E. Surface Water Utility City of Renton 1055 S. Grady Way - 5th Floor Renton WA 98055 Phone: 425-430-7205 Fax: 425-430-7241 cmunter@ci.renton.wa.us >>> "Liz Stenning" <liz@earthcorps.org> 04/28/03 02:26PM >>> Chris, Here are the cost estimates for each section. I have included the cost estimation chart so you can see how we determined the costs for each area. Let me know if you have trouble receiving the documents. but feel free to email of call me tomorrow to discuss further Liz Stenning Field Program Coordinator 6310 NE 74th Street, Suite 201E Seattle, WA 98115 (206) 322-9296 X 207 I will be out of the office for the rest of the day, CC: pconrecode@golder.com; Straka, Ronald From: Christian Munter To: Flatley, Terrence Date: 4/18/03 8:24AM Subject: Cedar River 205 Project Vegetation Mitigation Terrence, The City is going to try and work with EarthCorps again to do invasive removal and planting as part of the mitigation work along the Cedar River. I would like to start coordinating with you the work along the river in the park area so things will run smoothly for all parties. Attached is a spreadsheet of the proposed work. I expect EarthCorps to give me some estimates of times and costs by early next week. I also expect some plans from the Consultant describing visually what work will occur where. As soon as I get those maybe we can sit down and go over them or meet at the site with EarthCorps and the Consultant. Things I want to coordinate with the Parks Deptartment include: Parks concernts of what to remove and what to plant at particular locations. Spray of herbicides by Parks and EarthCorps. Use of small dumptruck on park trails. General scheduling. Safety concerns. IT be in touch as more info. develops Thanks. Chris Christian D. Munter, P.E. Surface Water Utility City of Renton 1055 S. Grady Way - 5th Floor Renton WA 98055 Phone: 425-430-7205 Fax: 425-430-7241 cmunter@ci.renton.wa.us CC: rstraka@ci.renton.wa.us e- , CEDAR RIVER VEGETATION RECOMMENDATIONS Lower Cedar River, Right Ban uJ �1 � _ cti-`CS lb C 1.) Most downstream segment — from mouth to boat launch — here, the bank has a bluff form — a very steep drop between the upland, landscaped park, and the river. Invasives (Scq ch* broom, blackberry, Common tanzy, Horsetail, Reed canarygrass, Japanese knotweed7K grow in this steep area, and tend to creep into upland areas and crowd plantings. The problem is that the steep area is unstable, difficult to plant, possibly unsafe to work in, and subject to continued disturbance because of river level fluctuation and bank erosion/sluffing. We'd like to remove invasives, but not let bank become unstable with loss of plants and root cohesion with soil. We're interested in solutions that may combine use of geotextile fabric, fescue/clover or other groundcover seeding, and planting of native plants. 2.) South (upstream) of boat launch — to restrooms. Invasives less profuse here because there is a mature tree zone in the riparian area, and the bank angle is more gradual and thus more stable. Only removal of invasives is required in this area, and these invasives are not profuse. Further south (upstream) there is a segment with a riprap bank area that does not have a tree zone. Some invasives in this area, especially blackberry — be careful not to confuse with Nootka rose. 3.) Between floodwall and river — invasives very profuse in open (non -shaded areas). From the north (downstream) end of the floodwall to the South Boeing bridge: • remove invasives between flood wall and river, • Use some combination of geotextile fabric, soil/organic material supplement, fescue/clover seeding to prevent re-establishment of invasives. • Plant native tree species 6- 8 feet apart in a staggered pattern along both length and width of bank area. Tree species should be at least 2 feet tall at planting, and include a combination of Red alder, Cottonwood, Western red cedar, Western hemlock, or Sitka spruce depending on price, availability, and professional judgement of the landscaper. • Plant native shrub or groundcover species in the spaces between trees, specifically one shrub or groundcover in each space. Shrub species should include a combination of Red -osier dogwood, Oregon ash, Tall Oregon grape, Nootka rose, Pacific willow, Indian plum, Red -flowering currant, or Wild mock orange. Groundcover species should include Salal, Swordfern, or Longleaf Oregon grape. The area should be planted according to price, availability, and professional judgement of the landscaper. • Water all plantings in first year from mid -June through October, as necessary. Golder Associates Lower Cedar River, Left Bank 1.) Immediately north of the South Boeing Bridge, there is a bank top area with invasive plants — Scotch broom, blackberry, etc. Invasives were successfully removed from this area last summer by Earthcorps. This area extends approximately 120 feet from the bridge to a large clump of willow trees; the width of the area is about 40 feet. North of these willows the bank narrows considerably. • Remove scotch broom (including roots, to the extent practicable) and other invasives. • Use some combination of geotextile fabric, soil/organic material supplement, fescue/clover seeding to prevent re-establishment of invasives. • Plant native tree species 6- 8 feet apart in a staggered pattern along both length and width of bank area. Tree species should be at least 2 feet tall at planting, and include a combination of Red alder, Cottonwood, Western red cedar, Western hemlock, or Sitka spruce depending on price, availability, and professional judgement of the landscaper. The area should be planted with 70-75 trees. Some planted alders are already growing successfully near the wall. • Plant native shrub or groundcover species in the spaces between trees, specifically one shrub or groundcover in each space. Shrub species should include a combination of Red - osier dogwood, Oregon ash, Tall Oregon grape, Nootka rose, Pacific willow, Indian plum, Red -flowering currant, or Wild mock orange. Groundcover species should include Salal, Swordfern, or Longleaf Oregon grape. The area should be planted with 70-75 shrub or groundcover plants according to price, availability, and professional judgement of the landscaper. • Water all plantings in first year from mid -June through October, as necessary. 2.) Continuing north, the bank is narrow for about 300 feet. This segment is not the most amenable or cost effective area for re -vegetation efforts. The next area to be replanted is where the white wall ends and chain link fence begins. This segment starts 300 feet north of the end of the first re -vegetation area (described above), or approximately 600 feet north of the South Boeing Bridge. The segment to be replanted extends about 600 feet north, this is consistent with the entire length of the chain link fence, and the part of the floodwall at each end of this segment where the bank is still wide. Red alder planted here has been very successful on the slope. However, the slope is barren of vegetation and the soil is exposed — not even invasive plants are established on the slope below the fence. • On slope below fence, excavate small "perched" terraces for shrub or groundcover plantings by cutting vertically into the slope and then removing soil to leave about a one square foot area for planting. • Plant native tree species 6- 8 feet apart in a staggered pattern along both length and width of bank area. Tree species should be at least 2 feet tall at planting, and include a combination of Red alder, Cottonwood, Western red cedar, Western hemlock, or Sitka spruce depending on price, availability, and professional judgement of the landscaper. The area should be planted with 300-350 trees. Some planted alders are already growing successfully near the chain -link fence, and Earthcorps' terraced area with salal plantings and bark mulch has been very successful. • Plant native shrub or groundcover species in spaces between established trees, roughly one shrub or groundcover in each space between trees. Shrub species should include a combination of Red -osier dogwood, Oregon ash, Tall Oregon grape, Nootka rose, Pacific Golder Associates t- willow, Indian plum, Red -flowering currant, or Wild mock orange. Groundcover species should include Salal, Swordfem, or Longleaf Oregon grape. The area should be planted with shrub or groundcover plants according to price, availability, and professional judgement of the landscaper. On flat part of bank, remove and/or trim back Scotch broom, blackberry, and other invasives around the planted groundcover species such as Oregon grape. Use some combination of geotextile fabric, soil/organic material supplement, fescue/clover seeding to prevent re-establishment of invasives. Water all plantings in first year from mid -June through October, as necessary. 3.) Continuing north, the floodwall begins again and the bank narrows. This final segment extends north for approximately 900 feet. In this segment, there are some Salal and Oregon grape plantings (generally about a meter apart), and a few alders. The bank is narrow, the soil is poor, and invasives are crowding out planted species. There are staked willows at the toe of the bank that have had very little success. • Remove invasive species. • Use some combination of geotextile fabric, soil/organic material supplement, fescue/clover seeding to prevent re-establishment of invasives. • Plant groundcover, shrub, and tree species mentioned for above segments with plant selection and spacing per professional judgement of landscaper. About 300 plants will be required. • Water all plantings in first year from mid -June through October, as necessary. At the north end of this segment, the flood wall ends but a rock pile wall continues north. Scotch broom and other invasives have been removed from this area, and a geotextile fabric has been placed over the soil, but there has not been successful planting. The soil is poor in this segment, very gravelly. This segment would also benefit from: • Soil/organic material supplement, fescue/clover seeding to prevent re-establishment of invasives. • Plant groundcover, shrub, and tree species mentioned for above segments with plant selection and spacing per professional judgement of landscaper. About 300 plants will be required. • Water all plantings in first year from mid -June through October, as necessary. Golder Associates Maplewood Golf Course Revetment Lou r- L- ov a `� Replace dead trees on upper bank. 28 Western red cedars were dead but still in place along the upper bank. Plant an equivalent number of Western hemlock, Western red cedar, or Sitka spruce at least 2 feet tall as replacements. Plant a combined total of 200 Red -osier dogwood and/or Red -flowering currant along the bank between the conifers on the upper bank and the water at the toe of the bank. Plant the shrubs 4 feet apart on the level part of the terraces. The revetment area extends 400 feet in length, and there are 2 terraces between the upper bank and the water. Protect existing shrubs and newly planted Red -osier dogwood with sturdy fencing (or other protection) to prevent deer grazing. Given that shrub plantings will be continuous along the terrace, it may be possible to use one continuous fence, rather than fencing around each plant. Type of fencing will be left to the professional judgement of the landscaper. ��Q 7 Golder Associates Elliot Rearing/Spawning Side -Channel Red -osier dogwood plantings in the Elliot Rearing/Spawning Side -Channel area have been heavily browsed/grazed by deer. Beavers have felled other trees. For this reason, all plantings would benefit from individual fencing enclosures or other protective measures. To replace lost or vandalized plantings, the following number of trees should be planted for each species: • Red -osier dogwood, 40 • Salmonberry, 100 • Pacific ninebark, 20 • Western red cedar, 25 • Oregon ash, 60 • Pacific crabapple, 25 • Black cottonwood, 45 The best locations for these plantings would be three segments: 1. From the upstream end of the Elliot Rearing/Spawning Side -Channel to the road crossing, both banks (Figures 2a and 2b), 2. From the road crossing downstream to the first bend (about 150 feet downstream of road crossing), both banks (Figure 2c), 3. From the confluence of the small tributary and Elliot Rearing/Spawning Side -Channel downstream to the first bend (about 100 feet downstream of the small tributary), both banks (Figure 2e). The shrub -type plants such as Red -osier dogwood, Salmonberry, Pacific ninebark, and Pacific crabapple should be planted in a staggered pattern about one meter apart from each other and any other plants. The remaining tree species should be planted two meters from each other, and at least one meter from any shrub -type plants. The exact locations for each plant in the segments identified above are left to the professional judgement of the landscaper. Golder Associates `1 v✓►a i i �, ?y, V4A,1 3,r-u iG,S ('wU-4 L4-4) VEGETATION SUMMARY 1. Mitigation Requirements for Lower Cedar River and Elliot Rearing/Spawning Side -Channel Tables 6, 7, and 8 describe how Lower Cedar River and Elliot Rearing/Spawning Side - Channel planted areas are progressing with respect to mitigation requirements. Lower Cedar River right and left bank vegetation was assessed in 3.33 meter -diameter circular plots every 100 meters as detailed in section 2 (Method) above. In addition, five permanent photo points were established to assess overall vegetation. Mitigation requirements stipulate that vegetation percent cover should be in the range of 40-60% in year one, 60-75% in year two, and 75-90% in year five, and that percent survival should increase similarly and remain steady at (or above) 90-95% after year five. On the right bank (Cedar River Trail Park),15 of the 16 plot stations (Table 6) had vegetation percent survival at or exceeding the year two requirement. 11 of the 16 plot stations had greater than 90% survival. In contrast, only four of the 16 right bank plot stations met the year two requirement for percent cover. There are two main reasons for the significant difference between percent survival and percent cover. First, percent cover is a function of growth. Generally, plant growth does not always increase linearly with time. Young plants (especially after transplanting) have a low growth rate, then growth increases linearly (after the plant is established and has increased leaf area for photosynthetic activity to fuel growth). Growth rates level off again as the plant reaches some optimal size where further growth is limited by maintenance demands. Given that they were recently planted, many of the plants are still in their initial slow (non -linear) growth phase and, in part, this accounts for the difference between percent cover and percent survival. Another reason for the low percent cover in contrast to high percent survival is that many of the plot stations have only one or a few plants, and the remaining plot area is park grass (Tables 1.1-1.16). This is especially true above (south of) 1100m (Table 6). Park grass is not included in the percent cover or percent survival assessment, and the one or few plants in these plots are not sufficient to meet the year two requirement of 60- 75%. On the left bank, vegetation percent survival met the year two requirement in eight of 12 plot stations, but percent cover only met the requirement in five of 12 plot stations. Four of these five plots were south of the South Boeing Bridge, where alders are established and growing very well. At the other plot stations, the difference between percent cover and percent survival is generally greater than on the left bank. The lower percent cover is because of lower growth associated with the poor growing conditions on the left bank, described in sections 3.2 and 4.2 above. Golder Associates 1. RECOMMENDATIONS 1.1 Lower Cedar River, Right Bank Lower river right bank sample plots generally showed high levels of survival, and good growth as evidenced by percent cover and canopy cover. Bank stability is also good. Given this success, trees and shrubs should be replanted to replace dead or lost plantings based on gaps in the existing vegetation and shortfalls to functions and values, such as reduced erosion, increased wildlife habitat, and reduction of "nuisance birds." For shrubs, Red -flowering currant, Nootka rose (Rosa nutkana), and Wild mock orange (Philadelphus lewisii) should be used as replacements. For trees, Shore pine (Pinus contorta), Douglas maple (Acer glabrum), and Red alder would work well. In many places along the lower river right bank downstream of the South Boeing Bridge, there is a bluff -like morphology with an abrupt change in gradient from the upland side to the riverside. Mitigation and park plantings are in the area upland of this bluff, and generally benefit from the landscaping care in the park. On the bluff itself, invasive species are growing profusely, and are beginning to extend upland. The invasive species should be cut back or removed altogether. Following this, geotextile fabric should be placed on the bluff areas to prevent erosion that might occur after the cutting back/removal activity, and to prevent or delay return of invasive growth. Replacement or supplemental plantings can then be made through the geotextile fabric in suitable areas. For the replacement or supplemental plantings to survive and outcompete the invasives, continual cutting back of the invasives is imperative. 1.2 Lower Cedar River, Left Bank The lower Cedar River left bank is vulnerable to erosion and to loss of mitigation plantings due to crowding from invasive species. Species that should be controlled are Reed canary grass, Scotch broom, Common horsetail, and Common mullein. The recommended method to control them is as follows: 1. Scarification — removal of aboveground part (i.e., stems and leaves) of invasive plants, leaving roots to maintain coherence with soil. 2. Soil supplementation — addition of topsoil, compost, and/or partially decomposed leaf litter to add nutrients, hold moisture, and stabilize soil surface temperatures. 3. Seeding with grass/clover — hydroseeding with a mixture of Red fescue (Festuca rubra), Perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne), and Red clover (Trifolium pratense). 4. Covering with geotextile fabric — cover will provide shading to discourage invasive plants, and will prevent erosion of soil until grass/clover is established. Golder Associates 5. Replanting - cut holes in geotextile fabric to plant trees, especially Red alder and Willows which have already established quickly in a few areas of the lower river left bank. Oregon ash and Red -osier dogwood would also be suitable species. The use of geotextile fabrics, and grass/clover seeding have been successful at the Maplewood Golf Course Revetment, Elliot Rearing/Spawning Side -Channel, and Landsburg Gravel Supplementation Ramp areas, and should be applied on the left bank of the lower river. The scarification, soil supplementation, and hydroseeding should be done in mid -May, and the tree plantings should be done by mid -June. Invasives species will have to be continually cut back and/or removed in order for the desired species to become established. Based on the survey plots done every 100 meters, the trees should be planted from 300 meters upstream of where the concrete floodwall begins (about 600 meters from the river mouth) to the South Boeing bridge. The total distance is about 900 meters. With trees planted every 5 meters (allowing for future growth and canopy development), a total of 180 trees would be needed. 45 trees of each of Red alder, Willow species, Oregon ash, and Red -osier dogwood should be planted. Most of the shrub type plantings on the left bank were Oregon grape and Salal; with flowering and fruiting, these plants provide some wildlife functions and value. Because they are understory species, the Oregon grape and Sa should be replanted a year after the trees to benefit from their canopy development and shading. Based on the survey. plots, about 550 of each plant would be needed in the same reach as the tree plantings mentioned above. The Oregon grape and Salal should be planted in the same manner as the original plantings, roughly 10 plants spaced 2-3 feet apart in a staggered pattern. Periodic trimming and removal of invasive plants on the left bank of the lower river will help insure the long-term success of the plantings. Access is a significant issue for work done on the lower river left bank; the space between the wall and the river is narrow and somewhat unstable, and the Renton airport has safety and security concerns about use of that area — Plantings should be watered on a weekly basis from mid -July to the end of September. An elevated tank could be placed on the airport side of the wall, with soaker hoses extending into the planted areas. 1.3 Maplewood Golf Course Revetment The overall condition of plantings and bank stability at the Maplewood Golf Course Revetment area is good. Given this success, trees and shrubs should be replanted to replace dead or lost plantings based on gaps in the existing vegetation. In particular, shrubs should be replaced on the sloped area between the top of the bank where the Golder Associates coniferous trees are established and the bank toe near the water. For shrubs, Red - flowering currant, Red -osier dogwood, and Oregon grape should be used as replacements. Based on the original planting plans, 29 Red -flowering currant,121 Red - osier dogwood, and 25 Oregon grape should be planted. The Red -osier dogwood plants will need to be protected from deer grazing. For trees, Douglas fir, Western red cedar, and Red alder would work well. The trees should be planted in the upland area where space remains for growth, and on the slope between the upland (landward) area and the bank toe. Based on the origina�tmg plans, 25 Douglas fir, 23 Western red cedar, and 49 Red alder should be planted. trees and woody (in contrast to herbaceous) shrubs (such as Red -osier dogwood) should be protected with fencing to prevent deer and beaver browsing/grazing. There are many fewer willows alive (56) than were planted (1000, according to the planting plan). However, the willows planted as stakes have flourished at the bank toe i o0 l: (or water's edge), and their volume occupies much of the riparian area immediately V,, Ir adjacent to the water (Figures 5a-d). In addition, the already -established willows can propagate by rhizomes to surrounding areas. It is possible the extensive riprap at the bank toe has prevented establishment of more willows. The existing willows do provide riparian function: root cohesion prevents bank erosion, overhanging branches provide some shade, refuge, and insects to the river, leaf input to river serves as organic detritus that supports detritivores and other invertebrates that are the base of the aquatic food web. The willows also serve as habitat for passerine (songbird) bird species. 1.4 Elliot Rearing/Spawning Side -Channel Red -osier dogwood plantings in the Elliot Rearing/Spawning Side -Channel area have been heavily browsed/grazed by deer. Beavers have felled other trees. For this reason, all plantings would benefit from individual fencing enclosures or other protective measures. To replace lost or vandalized plantings, the following number of trees should be planted for each species: • Red -osier dogwood, 40 • Salmonberry, 100 • Pacific ninebark, 20 • Western red cedar, 25 • Oregon ash, 60` • Pacific crabapple, 25 • Black cottonwood, 45 The best locations for these plantings would be three segments: Golder Associates 1. From the upstream end of the Elliot Rearing/Spawning Side -Channel to the road crossing, both banks (Figures 2a and 2b), 2. From the road crossing downstream to the first bend (about 150 feet downstream of road crossing), both banks (Figure 2c), 3. From the confluence of the small tributary and Elliot Rearing/Spawning Side - Channel downstream to the first bend (about 100 feet downstream of the small tributary), both banks (Figure 2e). The shrub -type plants such as Red -osier dogwood, Salmonberry, Pacific ninebark, and Pacific crabapple should be planted in a staggered pattern about one meter apart from each other and any other plants. The remaining tree species should be planted two meters from each other, and at least one meter from any shrub -type plants. The exact locations for each plant in the segments identified above are left to the professional judgement of the landscaper. 1.5 Landsburg Gravel Supplementation Ramp Figure 4b shows the lower part of the ramp, close to the river's edge. Hydroseeding in the lower ramp had less success than in the upper ramp. Although the geotextile fabric is still intact, the area is vulnerable to erosion. The erosion could occur with higher river levels, prolonged precipitation, and/or continued foot traffic. It would not be practical to recommend extensive work in this area since gravel supplementation will continue most years, and heavy equipment will be moving up and down the ramp. However, two recommendations apply here: 1. Peel back the exposed geotextile fabric, add an inch of organic material (compost), hydroseed the area again, and replace the geotextile fabric. 2. Divert foot traffic by roping off the newly hydro seeded area. Golder Associates 2. DISCUSSION 2.1 Lower Cedar River, Right Bank (Cedar River Trail Park) The first monitoring station is 100 meters south (upstream) of the North Boeing Bridge at the mouth of the Cedar River. Subsequent monitoring stations are spaced 100 meters apart, with the final station (1600 m) close to Logan Avenue North. In many instances, the original Plant Material List and Legend and associated drawings (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District, 1998) differ from actual plantings. This may be due in part to mortality of original plantings, and subsequent re -plantings of different species, or natural recruitment of volunteer species. Much of the right bank immediately adjacent to the river is steep and unstable, and invasive species are established in many of these areas. Tables 1.1-1.16 show percent cover, canopy cover, and percent survival for planted species as well as volunteer/invasive species. For grasses, forbs, and emergent -type plants, "canopy cover" does not apply as a criterion (although "percent cover' does). Likewise, for invasive species, "percent survival' does not apply. In these categories, "N/A" (not applicable) is used. Invasive species on both the right and left banks in the lower river tend to thrive on the steeply sloped part of the bank. The establishment of plants like Reed canary grass (Phalaris spp.), Common tanzy (Tanacetum vulgare), Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius), Common horsetail (Equisetum arvense), Common mullein (Verbascum thapsus), Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum) and Himalayan blackberry (Rubus discolor) in the sloped area is consistent with disturbance there due to unstable soils, water level fluctuations, etc. Moreover, these species have greater abundance on the left bank, which generally has a more abrupt slope, and even in some areas a bluff -like morphology. Right bank plantings have less competition from invasive species because there are revetted areas (to stabilize the bank), and because certain invasive species were physically removed by the City of Renton Public Works Maintenance Division during 2000. In addition, it is possible the left bank plantings have other disadvantages related to aspect (orientation to the sun), proximity to the airport floodwall (may affect temperature, light, runoff, etc.), and soils (right bank has probably received some soil supplementation as part of the landscaping). Right bank plantings also benefit from irrigation and other maintenance efforts since they are in the Cedar River Trail Park. Right bank sample plots generally showed high levels of survival, and good growth as evidenced by percent cover and canopy cover. Forb/emergent, shrub, and tree vegetation diversity is good, and maintains a wildlife function for the riparian area consistent with the mitigation objective of reduced "nuisance bird" populations. Golder Associates 2.2 Lower Cedar River, Left Bank Left bank vegetation monitoring started at the north end of the airport wall that runs roughly parallel to the river. This point is across from Station 600m on the left bank, and is approximately 600 meters upstream (south) of the mouth of the river at Lake Washington. The left bank has a greater abundance of invasive species (Tables 2.6 — 2.18), to the extent that many of the original plantings have failed because of crowding by the invasives. These species are the same invasive species colonizing steep areas on the right bank; their greater abundance on the left bank is probably due to a more extensive disturbed area on the left bank, and to a lack of landscaping care. In many instances, left bank plantings were alive, but crowded or shaded out by invasive plants like Reed canary grass, Scotch broom, Common horsetail, Himalayan blackberry, and Common mullein. At present, because the flowering/fruiting plants like Salal and Oregon grape (Mahonia spp.) have lower survival, the wildlife function of the left bank vegetation is compromised. Red alder (Alnus rubra) and Pacific willow (Salix lasiandra) showed good growth and high survival on the left bank. Tree species are important on the left bank for various reasons: shading is a potential means of control for many invasive plants, the deeper roots of the tree species will have greater coherence with soils to prevent further erosion in this unstable riparian area, and leaf litter is a source of organic material for the soil. In the river, it serves as a food source for detritivores and other invertebrates that are the base of the aquatic food web. 2.3 Maplewood Golf Course Revetment In spite of low percent survival of plantings (Table 3), the overall condition of vegetation and slope stability at the Maplewood Golf Course Revetment is good. The combination of large woody debris, terraced slope, use of geotextile fabrics, and grass/clover cover appears to be very effective. In addition, the large woody debris placements at the base of the slope are still functioning. Western red cedars (Thuja plicata) planted on the top of the slope showed good growth and high survival, with the exception of nine trees in a row on the uppermost (northern) portion of the top of the slope; these trees were still rooted with branches intact but had died. Two Western red cedars had been felled by beavers, but were still alive. Douglas fir (Pseudodotsuga menziesii) and Red alder (Alnus rubra) had fair survival from original numbers planted but good growth overall. Willows (Salix spp.) and Red -osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera) had poor survival from original numbers planted, but fair growth of Golder Associates surviving plants. Deer browsing has severely limited the growth and establishment of Red -osier dogwood. Tall Oregon grape (Mahonia aquifolium) plants had excellent growth and survival. This may be due in part to their spiny leaves and not being preferred forage for deer. Red -flowering currant (gibes sanguineum) had fair survival from original plantings, but good growth of surviving plants. The seed mix of Red fescue (Festuca rubra), Perennial Rye grass (Lolium perenne), and Red clover (Trifolium pratense) at this site achieves the objective of covering the soil and preventing erosion without crowding or shading the understory or shrub -type plantings. Although Vine maple (Acer circinatum) are on the plant list for the site, none were observed. Invasive species include Japanese knotweed along the bank, and Bittersweet nightshade (Solanum dulcamara), Himalayan blackberry, Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), and Reed canary grass on the slope between the toe and the top of the bank. At present, these are not having a detrimental effect on the mitigation plantings, but have the potential to overrun parts of the revetment area. 2.4 Elliot Rearing/Spawning Side -Channel Plantings in the Elliot Rearing/Spawning Side -Channel (Tables 4.1-4.6) had fair growth and fair survival. Many fewer plants were observed than were in the planting plan, and since some uprooted and discarded plants had been observed earlier in the year, it is possible many plants were removed by vandalism. Red -osier dogwood plantings were heavily grazed by deer; in some cases, plants over three feet tall had just one or two small leaves and very thin stems. At this rate, the plants will not get established because their limited leaf area (and ability to photosynthesize) will limit food production for the plant, and consequently its growth. Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) plantings were fewer in number than the planting plan shows (possibly due to the vandalism), but had good growth. Most of the removed plants were downstream of the road crossing. The banks on either side of the channel segment about 200 feet downstream of the small tributary (Figure 3) had no plantings present, although this area had obviously been prepared for planting with hydroseeding and geotextile fabric. Golder Associates With the exception of the Western hemlock and Sitka spruce, over half of the plants on the right bank upstream of the road crossing appear stressed, probably an effect of their orientation to the sun, and the very low rainfall in 2000 and 2001. Many of the Oregon ash (Fraxinus latifolia) plantings had orange beetles, and many of their leaves were curled up at the distal ends. The planting plans show two areas in the Elliot Rearing/Spawning Side -Channel to be planted with native emergent plants. These include sedges and rushes, specifically Lenticular sedge (Carex lenticularis), Sleder rush (Juncus tenuis), Sawbeak sedge (Carex stipata), and Slough sedge (Carex obnupta). The two areas are at the upstream end of the channel (Figure 2a, Figure 3), and immediately below the road crossing (Figure 2c, Figure 3). However, many of the emergents were either not planted or did not survive. At the upstream end of the channel, Reed canary grass and clover predominated, with some Soft rush Uuncus effusus) at the water's edge. In the channel segment downstream of the road crossing, clover, Reed canary grass, Colonial bentgrass (Agrostis capillaris), and Soft rush predominated on the left bank. On the right bank, a sign on a string that delineated the area read Carex obnupta (Slough sledge), but the predominant plants were Soft rush, Reed canary grass, Colonial bentgrass, and a lot of clover. There were also 19 Hardstem bullrush (Scirpus acutus) in the segment from the road crossing downstream to the first bend in the channel (about 150 feet, shown in Figure 2c). Invasive species present at the site included extensive Japanese knotweed, Reed canary grass, and Himalayan blackberry. At present, these invasives are not having a detrimental effect on the mitigation plantings, but with time could easily overrun the mitigation plantings. 2.5 Landsburg Gravel Supplementation Ramp Nine Western red cedars and one Douglas fir were planted on the margins of the Landsburg Gravel Supplementation Ramp, and all have survived. Two of the Western red cedars were stressed, probably as a result of the transplantation and low precipitation. The combination of hydroseeding and geotextile fabric was successful on the upper bank (Figures 4a and 4c) but the hydroseeding was less successful on the lower bank, and the geotextile fabric is exposed (Figure 4b). This exposed area is steeper and more vulnerable to erosion from the river and from the significant foot traffic in that area. Golder Associates