Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutFinal Agenda Packet CITY OF RENTON AGENDA - City Council Regular Meeting 7:00 PM - Monday, September 8, 2025 Council Chambers, 7th Floor, City Hall – 1055 S. Grady Way Please note that this regular meeting of the Renton City Council is being offered as a hybrid meeting and can be attended in person at the Council Chambers, 7th floor of City Hall, 1055 S Grady Way, Renton, 98057 or remotely through Zoom. For those wishing to attend by Zoom: Please (1) click this link https://us02web.zoom.us/j/84938072917?pwd=TUNCcnppbjNjbjNRMWpZaXk2bjJnZz09 (or copy/paste the URL into a web browser) or (2) call-in to the Zoom meeting by dialing 253-215-8782 and entering 849 3807 2917 Passcode 156708, or (3) call 425-430-6501 by 5 p.m. on the day of the meeting to request an invite with a link to the meeting. Registration for Audience Comment: Registration will be open at all times, but speakers must register by 5 p.m. on the day of a Council meeting in order to be called upon. Anyone who registers after 5 p.m. on the day of the Council meeting will not be called upon to speak and will be required to re-register for the next Council meeting if they wish to speak at that next meeting.  Request to Speak Registration Form: o Click the link or copy/paste the following URL into your browser: https://forms.rentonwa.gov/Forms/registertospeakform  You may also call 425-430-6501 or email counciladmin@rentonwa.gov to register. Please provide your full name, city of residence, email address and/or phone number, and topic in your message.  A sign-in sheet is also available for those who attend in person. Video on Demand: Please click the following link to stream Council meetings live as they occur, or to select previously recorded meetings: Renton Channel 21 Video on Demand 1. CALL TO ORDER AND PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE 2. ROLL CALL 3. PROCLAMATION a) Ready in Renton - September 2025 4. SPECIAL PRESENTATION a) State Auditors Stewardship Award (SASA) presented by the State Auditor’s Office. 5. PUBLIC HEARING a) Release of Easement Request for Maple Highlands (Chambers) Plat 6. ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT a) Administrative Report 7. AUDIENCE COMMENTS  All remarks must be addressed to the Council as a whole, if a response is requested please provide your name and address, including email address, to the City Clerk to allow for follow‐up.  Speakers must sign-up prior to the Council meeting.  Each speaker is allowed three minutes.  When recognized, please state your name & city of residence for the record. NOTICE to all participants: Pursuant to state law, RCW 42.17A.555, campaigning for or against any ballot measure or candidate in City Hall and/or during any portion of the council meeting, including the audience comment portion of the meeting, is PROHIBITED. 8. CONSENT AGENDA The following items are distributed to Councilmembers in advance for study and review, and the recommended actions will be accepted in a single motion. Any item may be removed for further discussion if requested by a Councilmember. a) Approval of Council Meeting minutes of August 11, 2025. Council Concur b) AB - 3920 Mayor Pavone reappoints Shane Carlson, Primary Airport Leaseholders group, and Harold (KC) Jones, Primary Highlands Community representative, to the Renton Airport Advisory Committee with terms expiring May 7, 2028. Council Concur c) AB - 3919 Executive Services Department recommends execution of the Simple Possession Advocacy and Representation (SPAR) Program Funding Agreement No. GRT26028 to accept $8,800 in grant funds for partial reimbursement for the cost of providing high-quality indigent defense services for certain defendants. Refer to Finance Committee d) AB - 3916 Parks & Recreation Department recommends execution of a Professional Services Agreement with Anchor QEA, in the amount of $500,207, for design and environmental permitting work for the Northeast Renton Park project. Refer to Finance Committee e) AB - 3917 Police Department recommends execution of an agreement with the Washington State Criminal Justice Training Center (CJTC) to accept $24,342 for additional work related to the department's Wellness Program; and approval of a budget appropriation for the grant. Refer to Finance Committee f) AB - 3918 Police Department recommends execution of a Cost Reimbursement Agreement with the King County Sheriff's Office in order to receive up to $19,599.28 for reimbursement of overtime costs associated with verifying addresses and residency status of registered sex and kidnapping offenders; and approval of a budget appropriation for the grant. Refer to Finance Committee g) AB - 3887 Public Works Airport recommends execution of a two Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) agreements (AIP Grants - 034 and 035), to accept a total of $17,159,212 for the Taxiway A Rehabilitation project. Council Concur h) AB - 3911 Public Works Airport recommends approval to execute a grant agreement with the Federal Aviation Administration to accept $470,184 in grant funds for the Air Traffic Control Tower Siting Study project. Council Concur i) AB - 3915 Public Works Airport reports bid opening on August 20, 2025, for the Taxiway A Rehabilitation project, and recommends awarding the contract to the lowest responsive and responsible bidder Scarsella Bros., Inc., in the amount of $18,960,797.06. This bid award recommendation is for Schedule 3 which includes schedules A-K of the bids contained in the attached bids tabs. This also includes two schedules (E & J) associated with work for Boeing as contained in their Notice of Intent to negotiate a reimbursement agreement with the city for the work on their leased areas. This proposed agreement with Boeing will be brought to City Council for approval when it is ready. Council Concur j) AB - 3921 Public Works Airport recommends execution of agreement GCC 1275, with the Washington State Department of Transportation, to accept up to $279,701.52 for the Taxiway A Rehabilitation project. Council Concur k) AB - 3922 Public Works Transportation Systems Division recommends execution of a Professional Services Agreement with Parametrix, Inc., in the amount of $431,665 to complete the Renton Comprehensive Safety Action Plan. Refer to Transportation (Aviation) Committee l) AB - 3923 Public Works Utility Systems Division recommends adoption of an ordinance approving the 2026 King County Wastewater Treatment Charge pass through rate to match King County's adopted 2026 rate of $62.66 and an additional charge of $8.35 for every 100 cubic feet over 750 cubic feet of water used by multi-family, commercial, and industrial customers, effective January 1, 2026. Refer to Utilities Committee 9. UNFINISHED BUSINESS Topics listed below were discussed in Council committees during the past week. Those topics marked with an asterisk (*) may include legislation. Committee reports on any topics may be held by the Chair if further review is necessary. a) Committee of the Whole: 1) King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan and Renton Annex Adoption* b) Planning & Development Committee: 1) Comprehensive Pan Update for Transportation Element of the City’s 2025 Comprehensive Plan Update (Docket 20A D-238)* c) Finance Committee: 1) Vouchers; 2) Bid Award for Taxiway A Rehabilitation Associated Improvement Projects: 3) Genetec AutoVu Software Migration Services and Associated Hardware; 4) Pharmacy Benefit Manager Change (January 1, 2026); 5) Renton Municipal Community Court Funding/Interagency Agreement with Administrative Office of Courts - FY26; 6) Blake Funding Interagency Reimbursement Agreement Between Administrative Office of the Courts and Municipal Court d) Utilities Committee: 1) Declaring Sanitary Sewer Easement Surplus and Authorizing its Release* 10. LEGISLATION Resolutions: a) Resolution No. 4566: Adopt 2025 Hazard Mitigation Plan & Authorizing Renton Annex (See Item 9.a) b) Resolution No. 4567: Setting a Public Hearing on 9/17/2025 to Consider Establishing the 2025 Transportation Element of the Comp Plan (See Item 9.b) Ordinance for first reading: b) Ordinance No. 6165: Release of Easement (See Item 5.a) 11. NEW BUSINESS (Includes Council Committee agenda topics; visit rentonwa.gov/cityclerk for more information.) 12. EXECUTIVE SESSION a) Executive Session (to discuss litigation per RCW 42.30.110.1.(i)) for approximately 30 minutes. 13. ADJOURNMENT COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE MEETING AGENDA (Preceding Council Meeting) 5:15 p.m. - 7th Floor - Council Chambers Hearing assistance devices for use in the Council Chambers are available upon request to the City Clerk CITY COUNCIL MEETINGS ARE TELEVISED LIVE ON GOVERNMENT ACCESS CHANNEL 21 To view Council Meetings online, please visit rentonwa.gov/councilmeetings Armondo Pavone II Mayor WHEREAS,September has been designated by the President of the United States of America as “Nationat Preparedness Month,”which coincides with the City of Renton’s “Ready in Renton”emergency preparedness campaign;and WHEREAS,Renton has experienced natural and human-caused disasters in the past,and scientific evidence indicates the city and region remain vulnerable to disasters in the future;and WHEREAS,normal communications may be disrupted in a disaster,preventing residents from accessing information necessary to their heatth and life safety;and WHEREAS,investing in the preparedness of oursetves,our families,our businesses,and our neighborhoods can reduce injuries,fatalities,and economic devastation from disasters;and WHEREAS,every September,Renton’s Emergency Management Division advocates for emergency preparedness,encouraging alt residents to take action before,during,and after an emergency;and WHEREAS,the basic steps of emergency preparedness are the same for everyone:make a plan,build a kit,and help one another to become self-sufficient for two weeks or more;and WHEREAS,enrotting in ALERT Renton for emergency notifications and exploring alternate communication methods witt give access to vital information before,during,and after emergencies;and WHEREAS,“Ready in Renton”creates an important opportunity for every member of the Renton community to prepare their homes,businesses,and neighborhoods for any type of emergency;and NOW THEREFORE,I,Armondo Pavone,Mayor of the City of Renton,do hereby proctaim September 2025 to be Ready in Renton Month in the City of Renton,and I encourage all residents to join me in this special observance. IN WITNESS THEREOF,I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seat of the City of Renton to be affixed thi 8th day of September 2025. PROCLAMATION MayorArmondo Pavone City of Renton,Washington 1055 S Grady Way,Renton,WA 98057 II rentonwa.gov AGENDA ITEM #3. a) Petition to Release Sanitary Sewer Easement King County Recording No. 20171208000184 Public Hearing, September 8, 2025 Amanda Free, Economic Development Director AG E N D A I T E M # 5 . a ) Sanitary Sewer Easement, Recording No. 20171208000184 •GRANTED by Ruth Bill, former owner of the property (Parcel No. 1463400021) at no cost to the City. •PARCEL SOLD to Connor Homes at Maple Highlands, LLC, subject to the easement. •PETITION FOR RELEASE OF EASEMENT filed by Connor Homes at Maple Highlands, LLC, which was signed by the owners of more than 2/3 of the property affected by the easement. HISTORY AG E N D A I T E M # 5 . a ) Existing Conditions •DEVELOPMENT Parcel is being developed by Connor Homes at Maple Highlands, LLC, along with Parcel No. 1463400020, into a 12-lot plat. •APPROVED in 2023 Land Use Application for the Maple Highlands Plat. •SANITARY SEWER The developer is constructing a new sanitary sewer which will be dedicated to the City upon recording of the plat at no cost to the City.AG E N D A I T E M # 5 . a ) New Sanitary Sewer Easement to be Constructed Existing Sanitary Sewer Location New Sanitary Sewer Location AG E N D A I T E M # 5 . a ) Staff Recommendation The Community and Economic Development Department recommends that Council approve the petition and adopt ordinance declaring the easement surplus to the City’s needs and authorizing the Mayor and City Clerk to execute and record a release of easement with King County. AG E N D A I T E M # 5 . a ) Thank you! AG E N D A I T E M # 5 . a ) DATE: September 4, 2025 TO: James Alberson, Jr., Council President Members of the Renton City Council FROM: Armondo Pavone, Mayor Ed VanValey, Chief Administrative Officer SUBJECT: Administrative Report • Join us Friday, September 12 from 4-8 p.m. at the Highlands Neighborhood Center (800 Edmonds Avenue NE) for the Kids Night Out Back to School Bash. The evening will be filled with arts and crafts, gym games, and includes a pizza party. Cost is $15 for residents and $19 for non-residents. Registration is required and may be done at rentonwa.gov/register, using event code 26834. • The final recycling event for 2025 will be held Saturday, September 13 from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. at Renton Technical College Parking Lot 3 (3000 NE 4th Street). This event is free, and we will be collecting Styrofoam, plastic bags, and have document shredding services available. Food bank donations will also be collected. Please visit rentonwa.gov/recycleevents for more information. • The Halloween Costume Swap is back for 2025! Drop off your clean, gently worn costumes, hats, masks, and accessories of all sizes between September 14 and September 26 during regular hours at the Renton Community Center, Renton Highlands Neighborhood Center, and Renton City Hall. Join us on Saturday, September 27 and pick up costumes and accessories for the whole family. A photo area for will also be available where you can capture and share your new looks. This is a free event and costume donations are not required to participate. Please visit rentonwa.gov/activities-events for more information. • Information about preventative street maintenance, traffic impact projects, and road closures happening this week can be found at http://rentonwa.gov/traffic. All projects are weather permitting and unless otherwise noted, streets will always remain open.  Monday, September 8 through Friday, September 12, 8:00am-3:00pm. Intermittent lane closure on NE 12th St from Union Ave NE to Pierce Pl NE for utility installation. Approved traffic control plans were issued for all work and will be followed. Questions may be directed to Casey Grant, 206-532-4380. AGENDA ITEM #6. a) James Alberson, Jr., Council President Members of the Renton City Council Page 2 of 2 September 4, 2025  Monday, September 8 through Friday, September 12, 8:00am-3:00pm. Intermittent lane closure on SE 172nd St from 122nd Ave SE to 127th Ave SE for construction work. Approved traffic control plans were issued for all work and will be followed. Questions may be directed to Rob Blackburn, 206-379-1489.  Monday, September 8 through Thursday, September 11, 7:00am-4:00pm. Intermittent lane closure on SE Petrovitsky Rd from 108th Ave SE to 128th Ave SE for crack sealing maintenance. Questions may be directed to Public Works Shops, 425-430-7400.  Monday, September 8 through Friday, September 12, 9:00pm-5:00am. Intermittent lane closure at Rainier Ave N and Airport Way for construction work. Approved traffic control plans were issued for all work and will be followed. Questions may be directed to Joe Nerlfi, 425-757-9657.  Monday, September 8 through Friday, September 12, 8:00am-3:00pm. Intermittent lane closure at the intersection of NE Sunset Blvd and NE 12th Street for potholing. Approved traffic control plans were issued for all work and will be followed. Questions may be directed to Casey Grant, 206-532-4380.  Monday, September 8 through Friday, September 12, 8:00am-3:00pm. Intermittent southbound lane closure on Union Ave NE south of 12th St for construction work. Approved traffic control plans were issued for all work and will be followed. Questions may be directed to Casey Grant, 206-532-4380. AGENDA ITEM #6. a) August 11, 2025 REGULAR COUNCIL MEETING MINUTES CITY OF RENTON MINUTES - City Council Regular Meeting 7:00 PM - Monday, August 11, 2025 Council Chambers, 7th Floor, City Hall – 1055 S. Grady Way CALL TO ORDER AND PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE Mayor Pavone called the meeting of the Renton City Council to order at 7:00 PM and led the Pledge of Allegiance. ROLL CALL Councilmembers Present: James Alberson, Jr., Council President Carmen Rivera, Council Position No. 2 Valerie O'Halloran, Council Position No. 3 Ryan McIrvin, Council Position No. 4 Ed Prince, Council Position No. 5 Kim-Khánh Vǎn, Council Position No. 7 Councilmembers Absent: Ruth Pérez, Council Position No. 6 MOVED BY ALBERSON, SECONDED BY PRINCE, COUNCIL EXCUSE ABSENT COUNCILMEMBER PEREZ. CARRIED. Councilmember Vǎn asked that Councilmember Pérez's reason for being absent be entered into the record. Council President Alberson stated she is out of state with unstable Wi-Fi so she could not join the meeting virtually. ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF PRESENT Armondo Pavone, Mayor Ed VanValey, Chief Administrative Officer Patrice Kent, Senior Assistant City Attorney Jason Seth, City Clerk Kristi Rowland, Deputy CAO Young Yoon, IT Director Eric Perry, Government Affairs Manager Commander Dan Figaro, Police Department Attended Remotely: Judith Subia, Chief of Staff AGENDA ITEM #8. a) August 11, 2025 REGULAR COUNCIL MEETING MINUTES Martin Pastucha, Public Works Administrator Rob Shuey, Development Services Director Matt Herrera, Planning Director Krista Kolaz, Risk Manager SPECIAL PRESENTATION Association of Washington Cities Certificate of Municipal Leadership: Councilmember Ed Prince presented the Association of Washington Cities Certificate of Municipal Leadership to Councilmember Carmen Rivera. He noted that Renton is in rare company because all its elected leaders have earned the Certificate or Advanced Certificate of Municipal Leadership. Councilmember Rivera accepted the certificate with appreciation. ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT CAO Ed VanValey reviewed a written administrative report summarizing the City’s recent progress towards goals and work programs adopted as part of its business plan for 2025 and beyond. Items noted were: • Renton City Council meetings will be taking a summer break through September 1. Council meetings will resume Monday, September 8. • Preventative street maintenance will continue to impact traffic and result in occasional street closures. AUDIENCE COMMENTS • Kevin Burch, Renton, expressed frustration with the number of burglaries, car thefts, damaged property and other crimes occurring in his Windsor Hills neighborhood. He noted that he called police while some crimes were in progress but did not see any police action to correct the issue. • Sheryl Friesz, Renton, spoke about the impact of the Renton High School expansion project has had on neighbors and businesses in North Renton. • Tristen Kochen, Renton, provided suggestions for improving safety for users of the new bike lanes built as part of the S 7th St Improvements project. • Art Jenkins, Renton, spoke issues he is having with the condo owner above his unit and asked when the city would begin enforcing its nuisance laws and RCW 69.51, the Uniformed Controlled Substances Act. CONSENT AGENDA The following items are distributed to Councilmembers in advance for study and review, and the recommended actions will be accepted in a single motion. Any item may be removed for further discussion if requested by a Councilmember. a) Approval of Council Meeting minutes of August 4, 2025. Council Concur. AGENDA ITEM #8. a) August 11, 2025 REGULAR COUNCIL MEETING MINUTES b) AB - 3905 Community & Economic Development Department submitted a petition for Release of Easement from Connor Homes at Maple Highlands, LLC, owner of King County Parcel No. 1463400021, and recommends adoption of a resolution setting a Public Hearing on September 8, 2025, to consider the matter. If the request is approved, an ordinance will be adopted releasing the easement. Refer to Utilities Committee; Set Public Hearing on 9/8/2025. c) AB - 3908 Executive Services Department recommended execution of a settlement agreement with Renton Hotel Investors, LLC, Onkaar Dhaliwal, and Dayabir Bath; execution of a settlement agreement with Safety National Casualty Corporation, execution of any related documents necessary to carry out the negotiated resolution and associated insurance coverage dispute for this matter; and approve the budget adjustment of an additional $600,000 for 2025. Council Concur. d) AB - 3898 Executive Services Department recommended execution of an agreement with PCS Mobile/Route 1, in the amount of $115,077.68, for software migration services and associated hardware for the upgrade of license plate recognition units in parking enforcement vehicles. Refer to Finance Committee. e) AB - 3904 Human Resources / Risk Management Department requested authorization to transfer Pharmacy Benefit Manager services from Costco Health Services (CHS) to MedImpact due to CHS exiting the pharmacy benefit market, at the cost of $108,322, and authorize execution of the agreement when it is ready; and approve additional appropriations in the amount of $50,000. Refer to Finance Committee. f) AB - 3906 Municipal Court recommended execution of a one-year Interagency Agreement with the Administrative Office of the Courts, to accept $228,283 in funds to support expenses associated with the operation of the Renton Municipal Court. Refer to Finance Committee. g) AB - 3907 Municipal Court recommended execution of an Interagency Agreement with the Administrative Office of the Courts to accept $5,000 in additional funds for the purpose of supporting the processing of cases impacted by the 2021 State v. Blake decision. Refer to Finance Committee. h) AB - 3894 Public Works Utility Systems Division submitted CAG-23-005, West Hill Booster Pump Station Improvements project, contractor Gary Harper Construction, Inc., and requests acceptance of the project and authorization to release the retainage bond 60 days after all required releases from the state are obtained and all liens have been legally cleared. Council Concur. i) AB - 3897 Public Works Utility Systems Division reports bid opening on July 22, 2025, for the Lift Station and Force Main Improvements Project, Phase 4, and recommends awarding the contract to the lowest responsive and responsible bidder, Equity Builders, LLC, in the amount of $1,101,897. Council Concur. MOVED BY ALBERSON, SECONDED BY PRINCE, COUNCIL CONCUR TO ADOPT THE CONSENT AGENDA AS PUBLISHED. CARRIED. UNFINISHED BUSINESS Topics listed below were discussed in Council committees during the past week. Those topics marked with an asterisk (*) may include legislation. Committee reports on any topics may be held by the Chair if further review is necessary. AGENDA ITEM #8. a) August 11, 2025 REGULAR COUNCIL MEETING MINUTES a) Finance Committee: Vice Chair O'Halloran presented a report recommending approval of the following payments: 1. Accounts Payable – total payment of $11,070,988.64 for vouchers 11028-11031, 71125, 71825, 72125, 72525, 80225, 7282025, 426325-426331, 426333-429337, 426346- 426693; payroll benefit withholding vouchers 7735-7744, 426338-426345; and 2 wire transfers. 2. Payroll – total payment of $2,259,965.64 for payroll vouchers that include 841 direct deposits and 22 checks. (07/01/25-07/15/25 pay period). 3. Municipal Court vouchers 018780-018800 totaling $14,605.00. MOVED BY O'HALLORAN, SECONDED BY MCIRVIN, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION. CARRIED. b) Finance Committee: Vice Chair O'Halloran presented a report recommending concurrence in the staff recommendation to approve the agreement with Project Be Free in the amount of $277,500 for co-response services on domestic violence calls with Renton Police and approve additional budget appropriations for this amount. MOVED BY O'HALLORAN, SECONDED BY MCIRVIN, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION. CARRIED. c) Finance Committee: Vice Chair O'Halloran presented a report recommending concurrence in the staff recommendation to approve the ILA between the City of Renton and Renton School District for School Resource Officers (SRO). The payment structure will be tiered for the next three school years as follows: •2025-2026: The District will pay the City $90,000 for each SRO assigned. •2026-2027: The District will pay the City $100,000 for each SRO assigned. •2027-2028: The District will pay the City $110,000 for each SRO assigned. The Committee further recommends that the resolution regarding this item be presented for adoption at tonight’s Council meeting. MOVED BY O'HALLORAN, SECONDED BY MCIRVIN, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION. CARRIED. d) Finance Committee: Vice Chair O'Halloran presented a report recommending concurrence in the staff recommendation to authorize the Mayor and City Clerk to execute a 1-year lease addendum with Amazing Grace Lutheran Church, effective July 1, 2025, to June 30, 2026, with an estimated annual lease amount of $243,505. MOVED BY O'HALLORAN, SECONDED BY MCIRVIN, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION. CARRIED. e) Finance Committee: Vice Chair O'Halloran presented a report recommending concurrence in the staff recommendation to authorize the Mayor and City Clerk to execute the Memorandum of Understanding with the Washington State Opportunity Scholarship and Renton Technical College for the city’s 2025 and 2026 contributions of $200,000 per year to the Renton Promise Program. MOVED BY O'HALLORAN, SECONDED BY MCIRVIN, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION. CARRIED. f) Finance Committee: Vice Chair O'Halloran presented a report recommending concurrence in the staff recommendation to authorize the Mayor and City Clerk to execute Amendment #1 to CAG- 25-097 with PND Engineers in the amount of $343,500.00 for the Coulon Swim Beach Improvements project. AGENDA ITEM #8. a) August 11, 2025 REGULAR COUNCIL MEETING MINUTES MOVED BY O'HALLORAN, SECONDED BY MCIRVIN, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION. CARRIED. g) Finance Committee: Vice Chair O'Halloran presented a report recommending concurrence in the staff recommendation to authorize the Mayor and City Clerk to execute all documents required for the transfer of Fire Station 15 property to the Renton Regional Fire Authority, per agreement CAG-18-233. MOVED BY O'HALLORAN, SECONDED BY MCIRVIN, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION. CARRIED. h) Finance Committee: Vice Chair O'Halloran presented a report recommending in the staff recommendation to authorize the Mayor and City Clerk to execute the Local Agency Agreement and Prospectus with the Washington State Department of Transportation for the obligation of grant funding in the amount of $1,737,015 and all subsequent agreements necessary to accomplish construction of the Oakesdale Avenue SW Pavement Preservation Project. MOVED BY O'HALLORAN, SECONDED BY MCIRVIN, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION. CARRIED. i) Planning & Development Committee: Chair Prince presented a report recommending concurrence in the staff and Planning Commission recommendation to adopt the following 2025 Title IV Docket 20 Group A items and that ordinances for these items be prepared and presented for first reading when complete: •D-239: Co-living •D-240: Incentivizing Small Businesses MOVED BY PRINCE, SECONDED BY MCIRVIN, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION. CARRIED. LEGISLATION Resolutions: a) Resolution No. 4564: A resolution of the City of Renton, Washington, authorizing the Mayor and City Clerk to enter into an Interlocal Agreement with the Renton School District for the purpose providing school resource officers for 2025 to 2028. MOVED BY O'HALLORAN, SECONDED BY MCIRVIN, COUNCIL ADOPT THE RESOLUTION AS PUBLISHED. CARRIED. b) Resolution No. 4565: A resolution of the City of Renton, Washington, setting a public hearing date regarding declaring an existing sanitary sewer easement surplus to the city’s needs and authorizing release of said easement. MOVED BY VǍN, SECONDED BY RIVERA, COUNCIL ADOPT THE RESOLUTION AS PUBLISHED. CARRIED. NEW BUSINESS (Includes Council Committee agenda topics; visit rentonwa.gov/cityclerk for more information.) AGENDA ITEM #8. a) August 11, 2025 REGULAR COUNCIL MEETING MINUTES ADJOURNMENT MOVED BY PRINCE, SECONDED BY ALBERSON, COUNCIL ADJOURN. CARRIED. TIME: 7:36 PM Jason A. Seth, MMC, City Clerk Jason Seth, Recorder 11 Aug 2025 AGENDA ITEM #8. a) Council Committee Meeting Calendar August 11, 2025 August 18, 2025 Monday Council Holiday – No Meetings August 25, 2025 Monday Council Holiday – No Meetings September 1, 2025 Monday Labor Day Holiday – No Meetings September 8, 2025 Monday 1:30 p.m. * Utilities Committee, Chair Văn Location: Council Conference Room/Videoconference 1. Declaring Sanitary Sewer Easement Surplus and Authorizing its Release 2. Emerging Issues in Utilities 2:15 p.m. * Community Services Committee, Chair O’Halloran Location: Council Conference Room/Videoconference 1. Housing Repair Program Update 2. Parks Maintenance Projects Update 3. Emerging Issues in Parks & Recreation 3:15 p.m. * Finance Committee, Chair Pérez Location: Council Conference Room/Videoconference 1. Bid Award for Taxiway A Rehabilitation Associated Improvement Projects 2. Genetec AutoVu Software Migration Services and Associated Hardware 3. Pharmacy Benefit Manager Change (January 1, 2026) 4. Renton Municipal Community Court Funding/Interagency Agreement with Administrative Office of Courts - FY26 5. Blake Funding Interagency Reimbursement Agreement Between Administrative Office of the Courts and Municipal Court 6. Vouchers 7. Emerging Issues in Finance 4:15 p.m. * Planning & Development Committee, Chair Prince Location: Council Conference Room/Videoconference 1. Critical Areas Ordinance Briefing 2. Comprehensive Plan – Transportation Element Work Plan 3. Emerging Issues in CED 5:15 p.m. * Committee of the Whole, Chair Alberson Location: Council Chambers * 1. King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan and Renton Annex Adoption 2. Council Introduction to Updated Agenda Bill Software 6:15 p.m. * State Auditor's Office Financial Stewardship Award Meet & Greet * Location: Conferencing Center * 7:00 p.m. Council Meeting Location: Council Chambers/Videoconference * revised on 09/02/25 AGENDA ITEM #8. a) AB - 3920 City Council Regular Meeting - 08 Sep 2025 SUBJECT/TITLE: Reappointments to the Renton Airport Advisory Committee RECOMMENDED ACTION: Council Concur DEPARTMENT: Mayor Pavone STAFF CONTACT: Ed VanValey, Chief Administrative Officer EXT.: 6520 FISCAL IMPACT SUMMARY: Reappointments to the Renton Airport Advisory Committee have no budget impact. SUMMARY OF ACTION: The Public Works Department is requesting the reappointment of two members of the Renton Airport Advisory Committee (RAAC). Shane Carlson currently holds the Primary position for the Airport Leaseholders group. Mr. Carlson was initially appointed to the RAAC April 2, 2018. He is considered a member in good standing and actively participates in discussion during the Committee's quarterly meetings. Mr. Carlson understands the Airport Master Plan and the city's Business Plan. He has demonstrated an ability to analyze detailed information and balance competing objectives presented to the Committee. The Public Works Department is requesting Mr. Carlson be reappointed to a term expiring May 7, 2028. Harold (KC) Jones represents the Highlands Community as its Primary member on the RAAC. Mr. Jones was initially appointed to the RAAC July 11, 2011. He is highly respected by the neighborhood he represents as well as the Committee members. Mr. Jones has participated in many aspects of the Airport Master Plan and other challenging situations the Airport has faced. He actively participates in robust meeting discussion and is considered a member of good standing. The Public Works Department is requesting Mr. Jones be reappointed to a term expiring May 7, 2028. The Renton Airport Advisory Committee continues to accept applications for two primary vacancies and eight alternate vacancies. The Airport hopes to fill these vacancies later this year. EXHIBITS: A. Memo STAFF RECOMMENDATION: The Public Works Department recommends the reappointment of Shane Carlson and Harold (KC) Jones to their respective positions on the Renton Airport Advisory Committee, with terms expiring May 7, 2028. AGENDA ITEM #8. b) AGENDA ITEM #8. b) AB - 3919 City Council Regular Meeting - 08 Sep 2025 SUBJECT/TITLE: Simple Possession Advocacy and Representation (SPAR) Program Funding Agreement No. GRT26028 RECOMMENDED ACTION: Refer to Finance Committee DEPARTMENT: Executive Services Department STAFF CONTACT: Kristi Rowland, Deputy Chief Administrative Officer EXT.: 6947 FISCAL IMPACT SUMMARY: Accepting $8,800.00 in grant funds. There is no grant match required for the acceptance of these funds. Authorization is requested for additional budget appropriations for the Executive Department in the amount of $8,800 offset by additional grant revenues of the same amount and will be included in the mid-biennial budget adjustment SUMMARY OF ACTION: The purpose of this grant is to provide partial reimbursement to City of Renton for the cost of providing high- quality indigent defense services for defendants facing charges of simple possession or public use offenses under RCW 69.50.4011(1)(b) or (c), RCW 69.50.4013, RCW 69.50.4014, or RCW 69.41.030(1), or under local ordinances involving allegations of simple possession or public use of a controlled substance, counterfeit substance, or legend drugs, consistent with RCW 2.70.200. EXHIBITS: A. Simple Possession Advocacy and Representation (SPAR) Program Funding Agreement No. GRT26028 STAFF RECOMMENDATION: Authorize the Mayor and City Clerk to execute the Simple Possession Advocacy and Representation (SPAR) Program Funding Agreement No. GRT26028 with the Washington State Office of Public Defense and approve the budget adjustment of $8,800. AGENDA ITEM #8. c) Agreement No. GRT26028 FACE SHEET WASHINGTON STATE OFFICE OF PUBLIC DEFENSE Simple Possession Advocacy and Representation (SPAR) Program Funding Agreement 1. Recipient City of Renton 1055 S Grady Way Renton, WA 98057 2. Recipient Representative Kristi Rowland Deputy Chief Administrative Officer City of Renton 1055 S Grady Way Renton, WA 98057 3. Office of Public Defense (OPD) 711 Capitol Way South, Suite 106 PO Box 40957 Olympia, WA 98504-0957 4. OPD Representative Grace O’Connor Supervising Attorney Office of Public Defense 711 Capitol Way South, Suite 106 PO Box 40957 Olympia, WA 98504-0957 5. Agreement Amount $8,800.00 6. Agreement Period July 1, 2025 through June 30, 2026 7. Purpose The purpose of this Agreement is to provide partial reimbursement to City of Renton (Recipient) for the cost of providing high-quality indigent defense services for defendants facing charges of simple possession or public use offenses under RCW 69.50.4011(1)(b) or (c), RCW 69.50.4013, RCW 69.50.4014, or RCW 69.41.030(1), or under local ordinances involving allegations of simple possession or public use of a controlled substance, counterfeit substance, or legend drugs, consistent with RCW 2.70.200. 8. Acknowledgement, Incorporation by Reference, and Execution The Office of Public Defense (OPD) and Recipient acknowledge and accept the terms of this Agreement and attachments and execute this Agreement as of the date the last signatory signed. The rights and obligations of both parties to this Agreement are governed by this Agreement and the following other documents incorporated by reference: Exhibit A, Special Terms and Conditions, and Exhibit B, General Terms and Conditions. FOR RECIPIENT ______________________________________ Armondo Pavone, Mayor ______________________________________ Date FOR OPD _______________________________________ Grace O’Connor, Supervising Attorney _______________________________________ Date AGENDA ITEM #8. c) 2 EXHIBIT A: SPECIAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS 1. AGREEMENT MANAGEMENT a) The Representative for each of the parties will be responsible for and will be the contact person for all communications regarding the performance of this Agreement. b) The Representative for OPD and their contact information is identified on the Face Sheet of this Agreement. c) The Representative for Recipient and their contact information is identified on the Face Sheet of this Agreement. 2. REIMBURSEMENT a) Subject to Section 4 of this Exhibit A, Terms of Reimbursement, OPD shall reimburse for authorized expenses as identified in Section 7 of this Exhibit A, Authorized Reimbursable Expenses. b) OPD will subtract from reimbursement amounts where Recipient or Recipient’s court has assessed a cost of counsel against an indigent defendant and the indigent defendant has either signed a promissory note for that amount, or had a fee imposed at sentencing for this purpose. Recipient shall report such assessed costs to OPD. 3. MAXIMUM REIMBURSMENT AMOUNT a) The maximum amount Recipient may be reimbursed for authorized expenses shall not exceed $8,800.00 for the period of this Agreement. b) Subject to the availability of funds, and upon mutual agreement, Recipient and OPD may amend this Agreement in writing to increase the allocated maximum reimbursement amount. 4. TERMS OF REIMBURSEMENT a) OPD will reimburse Recipient upon acceptance of expenses and receipt of properly completed invoices, and sufficient documentation supporting the invoices. Recipient shall submit invoices to the Representative for OPD subject to the invoicing schedule included in subsection (h) of this Section 4. b) OPD will provide an invoice form to Recipient. Recipient shall provide sufficient documentation accompanying the invoice to prove, to OPD’s satisfaction, the costs incurred by Recipient and to allow OPD to determine that the costs were for Authorized Reimbursable Expenses. Sufficient documentation will include a compensation worksheet, case numbers during the invoice time period, and proof that the requested expenses were paid by Recipient. Sufficient documentation demonstrating costs incurred by Recipient may include, but is not limited to, salary pay stubs or invoices for contracted services. OPD reserves the right to amend the invoice form at any time. c) Payment will be considered timely if made by OPD within 30 calendar days after receipt of properly completed invoices. OPD shall send payment to Recipient via the default payment AGENDA ITEM #8. c) 3 method associated with Recipient’s Statewide Vendor Number SWV0012200-00. d) OPD may, in its sole discretion, terminate this Agreement or withhold payments claimed by Recipient for services rendered if Recipient fails to satisfactorily comply with any term or condition of this Agreement. e) OPD shall not make any payments in advance or in anticipation of services or supplies to be provided under this Agreement. f) Recipient shall report whether it will be unable to spend the maximum reimbursement amount during the Agreement Period, or if Recipient anticipates a need to increase the maximum reimbursement amount. Any request to increase the maximum amount will be subject to Section 3(b) of this Exhibit A. OPD reserves the right to amend this agreement to reduce the maximum reimbursement amount set forth in Section 3(a) of this Exhibit A, and reallocate unspent funds to other jurisdictions, if Recipient’s invoicing indicates it will be underspent. g) Reimbursable expenses must be incurred between July 1, 2025 and June 30, 2026. Recipient shall bear the cost of and ensure continued Consultation and Representation for all individuals who are being represented by Recipient’s attorneys on Qualifying Cases when the agreement period ends. h) Recipient shall invoice OPD at least quarterly, but no more than once per month, according to the following schedule: 1. Known expenses for July 1 through September 30, 2025 shall be submitted by November 1, 2025; 2. Known expenses for October 1 through December 31, 2025 shall be submitted by February 1, 2026; 3. Known expenses for January 1 through March 31, 2026 shall be submitted by May 1, 2026; and 4. Known expenses for April 1 through June 30, 2026 shall be submitted by July 15, 2026. i) OPD understands Recipients contractors may not bill Recipient timely and that Recipient may not be aware of expenses in a particular quarter until after the submission deadline has passed. OPD will reimburse for invoices submitted outside the schedule outlined in Section 4(h) of this Exhibit A, except for and subject to the limitation set for in Section 4(j) of this Exhibit A. j) OPD’s fiscal year runs from July 1, 2025 to June 30, 2026. Recipient must submit invoices for costs incurred during the grant period by July 15, 2026 or expenses may not be reimbursed. OPD makes no guarantee of reimbursement for eligible expenses invoiced after August 1, 2026. 5. DUPLICATION OF BILLED COSTS Recipient shall not bill OPD for services performed under this Agreement, and OPD shall not pay Recipient, if Recipient is entitled to payment or has been or will be paid by any other source, including grants, for that service. 6. DISALLOWED COSTS Recipient is responsible for any audit exceptions or disallowed costs incurred by its own organization or that of its contractors or subcontractors. AGENDA ITEM #8. c) 4 7. AUTHORIZED REIMBURSABLE EXPENSES Recipient is authorized to seek reimbursement up to the maximum amount set forth in Section 3 of this Exhibit A, for the following costs, subject to the provisions in Sections 2 and 4 of this Exhibit A: a) Compensation for attorney Representation on Qualifying Cases; b) Compensation for attorney Consultation on Qualifying Cases; c) Support staff time devoted to assisting and supporting attorney Representation and Consultation on Qualifying Cases; d) Investigation costs associated with Qualifying Cases; e) Expert services where the scope of the expert’s expertise is related to a Qualifying Charge; f) Interpreter costs (out-of-court) on Qualifying Cases; g) Pre-approved training events for attorneys and defender professional staff; h) Compensation for attorney Representation on an appeal undertaken according to the Rules for Appeal of Decisions of Courts of Limited Jurisdiction (RALJ) where the RALJ appeal contains an issue for review arising from a Qualifying Charge; and i) Other indirect costs necessary to providing representation or consultation if pre-approved by OPD. 8. OVERSIGHT Over the duration of the agreement term, OPD may conduct site visits for purposes of ensuring the use of funds for their specified purposes. At OPD’s request, Recipient will assist in scheduling such site vis- its and inviting appropriate attendees such as, but not limited to: public defense attorneys, judicial of- ficers, and city or county representatives. 9. DEFINITIONS a) “Alternatives to Prosecution” means an opportunity to depart from the traditional criminal case process of charge to plea or trial. Examples include, but are not limited to, stipulated continuances, deferrals, Specialty or Therapeutic courts, Pre-file Diversion programs, or Pre- trial Diversion programs. b) “Consultation” means consultation for a Client prior to assignment of counsel at first appearance or arraignment. Consultation also means advising a Client on Pre-File or Pre-Trial Diversion options. Consultation also means advising a Client during the pendency of pre-trial Diversion. c) “Client” means an indigent individual facing a pending charge or charged with a Qualifying Charge in a court of limited jurisdiction. d) “Pre-File Diversion” means an opportunity for a Client to depart from the criminal legal system, initiated by either law enforcement or the prosecutor, that takes place before charges are filed against the Client. Pre-File Diversion may be, but need not be, organized under RCW 69.50.4011(3)(c), 69.50.4013(2)(c), 69.50.4014(2), or 69.41.030(2)(e). e) “Pre-Trial Diversion” means an opportunity for a Client to depart from the criminal legal system after charges are filed against a defendant but before a plea is entered, or before proceeding to trial. Pre-Trial Diversion may be, but need not be, organized under RCW 69.50.4017. AGENDA ITEM #8. c) 5 f) “Qualifying Charge” means a charge of violating RCW 69.50.4011(1)(b) or (c), 69.50.4013, 69.50.4014, 69.41.030(2), (b), or (c); or a charge under a local ordinance involving allegations of possession or public use of a controlled substance, counterfeit substance, or legend drug. g) “Qualifying Case” means a proceeding filed against a Client in a court of limited jurisdiction in which at least one of the charges filed, either originally or as amended, is a Qualifying Charge, even if later dismissed. h) “Representation” means appointment to represent Clients in Qualifying Cases, including but not limited to appearance at arraignment, pre-trial appearances, motions, sentencings, status conferences, review hearings, client conferences, and preparation for trial. Representation also means appointment to represent Clients for Alternatives to Prosecution, including on motions to terminate Clients from Alternatives to Prosecution. i) “Specialty or Therapeutic Court” means a court utilizing a program structured to achieve both a reduction in recidivism and an increase in the likelihood of rehabilitation, or to address substance use disorder or mental health conditions in defendants through continuous and judicially supervised treatment and the appropriate use of services, sanctions, and incentives. 10. ORDER OF PRECEDENCE In the event of an inconsistency in this Agreement, the inconsistency will be resolved by giving precedence in the following order: a) Applicable federal and state of Washington statutes, regulations, and court rules b) Exhibit A, Special Terms and Conditions c) Exhibit B, General Terms and Conditions AGENDA ITEM #8. c) 6 EXHIBIT B: GENERAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS 1. ALL WRITINGS CONTAINED HEREIN This Agreement contains all the terms and conditions agreed upon by the parties. No other understandings, oral or otherwise, regarding the subject matter of this Agreement shall be deemed to exist or to bind any of the parties hereto. 2. AMENDMENTS This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement of the parties. Such amendment shall not be binding unless it is in writing and signed by personnel authorized to bind each of the parties. 3. AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT (ADA) OF 1990, PUBLIC LAW 101-336, also referred to as the “ADA” 29 CFR Part 35. Recipient must comply with the ADA, which provides comprehensive civil rights protection to individuals with disabilities in the areas of employment, public accommodations, state and local government services, and telecommunications. 4. ASSIGNMENT Neither this Agreement, nor any claim arising under this Agreement, shall be transferred or assigned by Recipient without prior written consent of OPD. 5. ATTORNEY’S FEES Unless expressly permitted under another provision of the Agreement, in the event of litigation or other action brought to enforce Agreement terms, each party agrees to bear its own attorney fees and costs. 6. CONFORMANCE If any provision of this Agreement violates any statute or rule of law of the state of Washington, it is considered modified to conform to that statute or rule of law. 7. ETHICS/CONFLICTS OF INTEREST In performing under this Agreement, Recipient shall assure compliance with the Ethics in Public Service, Chapter 42.52 RCW and any other applicable court rule or state or federal law related to ethics or conflicts of interest. 8. GOVERNING LAW AND VENUE This Agreement shall be construed and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the state of Washington, and the venue of any action brought hereunder shall be in the Superior Court for Thurston County. 9. INDEMNIFICATION To the fullest extent permitted by law, Recipient shall indemnify, defend, and hold harmless the state of Washington, OPD, all other agencies of the state and all officers, agents and employees of the state, from and against all claims or damages for injuries to persons or property or death arising out of or incident to the performance or failure to perform the Agreement. 10. LAWS Recipient shall comply with all applicable laws, ordinances, codes, regulations, court rules, policies of local and state and federal governments, as now or hereafter amended. 11. NONCOMPLIANCE WITH NONDISCRIMINATION LAWS During the performance of this Agreement, Recipient shall comply with all federal, state, and local nondiscrimination laws, regulations and policies. In the event of Recipient’s non-compliance or refusal to comply with any nondiscrimination law, regulation or policy, this Agreement may be rescinded, canceled or terminated in whole or in part. 12. RECAPTURE In the event that Recipient fails to perform this Agreement in accordance with state laws, federal laws, and/or the provisions of the Agreement, OPD reserves the right to recapture funds in an amount to compensate OPD for the noncompliance in addition to any other remedies available at law or in equity. AGENDA ITEM #8. c) 7 13. RECORDS MAINTENANCE Recipient shall maintain all books, records, documents, data and other evidence relating to this Agreement. Recipient shall retain such records for a period of six (6) years following the end of the Agreement period. If any litigation, claim or audit is started before the expiration of the six (6) year period, the records shall be retained until all litigation, claims, or audit findings involving the records have been finally resolved. 14. RIGHT OF INSPECTION At no additional cost all records relating to Recipient’s performance under this Agreement shall be subject at all reasonable times to inspection, review, and audit by OPD, the Office of the State Auditor, and state officials so authorized by law, in order to monitor and evaluate performance, compliance, and quality assurance under this Agreement. Recipient shall provide access to its facilities for this purpose. 15. SEVERABILITY If any provision of this Agreement or any provision of any document incorporated by reference shall be held invalid, such invalidity shall not affect the other provisions of this Agreement that can be given effect without the invalid provision, if such remainder conforms to the requirements of law and the fundamental purpose of this Agreement and to this end the provisions of this Agreement are declared to be severable. 16. SUSPEND OR TERMINATE FOR NON-AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS In the event funding from state, federal, or other sources is withdrawn, reduced, or limited in any way, OPD, at its sole discretion, may elect to suspend or terminate the Agreement, in whole or part, for convenience or to renegotiate the Agreement subject to new funding limitations and conditions. 17. WAIVER Waiver of any default or breach shall not be deemed to be a waiver of any subsequent default or breach. Any waiver shall not be construed to be a modification of the terms of this Agreement unless stated to be such in writing. AGENDA ITEM #8. c) AB - 3916 City Council Regular Meeting - 08 Sep 2025 SUBJECT/TITLE: Professional Services Agreement with Anchor QEA for Design and Permitting of Northeast Renton Park RECOMMENDED ACTION: Refer to Finance Committee DEPARTMENT: Parks & Recreation Department STAFF CONTACT: Mark Richardson, Capital Projects Coordinator EXT.: 6714 FISCAL IMPACT SUMMARY: This professional services agreement for the Northeast Renton Park Project is for $500,207.00. The full cost of this professional services agreement has been budgeted in account 316.332086.020.594.76.63.000 NORTHEAST RENTON PARK (MAY CREEK PARK) SUMMARY OF ACTION: Over the last 30 years, the City of Renton has acquired an 18.5-acre assemblage of parcels with the intent to develop a new park in Northeast Renton, which is the #4 priority project in the City’s Parks, Recreation, and Natural Areas Plan. Anchor QEA was selected through a competitive request for qualifications (RFQ) process and developed the Northeast Renton Park Master Plan, which was adopted by Council in 2024. This agenda bill seeks approval for a new agreement with Anchor QEA to conduct site assessments and further develop the project to the 30% design level. This work will support the pursuit of grant funding and initiate the permitting process. Phase one implementation of the project will include the development of a central amenity area with parking, picnic shelter, a nature play area and trail system. A potential vandal-resistant restroom with sewer connection to the south will be evaluated during the 30% design process. Trails with raised boardwalks through wetlands will allow strolling through natural areas and access to viewpoints. Invasive species removal and native species restoration will also be a focus of the project. To complete the 30% design Anchor QEA will engage with internal and external stakeholders identified as part of the master planning process, collect data including boundary, topographic, wetland, geotechnical and other and other environmental information. Deliverables will include draft plans, specifications, product recommendations, an opinion of probable construction cost, budget and phasing recommendations, regulatory agency coordination and preparation of environmental permitting documentation. EXHIBITS: A. Professional Services Agreement B. NE Renton Park Master Plan Report STAFF RECOMMENDATION: Staff recommends execution of the professional services agreement with Anchor QEA, in the amount of $500,207.00 for design and environmental permitting for the Northeast Renton Park project. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) AGREEMENT FOR NORTHEAST RENTON PARK DESIGN THIS AGREEMENT, dated for reference purposes only as July 15, 2025, is by and between the City of Renton (the “City”), a Washington municipal corporation, and Anchor QEA, Inc. (“Consultant”), a Washington corporation. The City and the Consultant are referred to collectively in this Agreement as the “Parties.” Once fully executed by the Parties, this Agreement is effective as of the last date signed by both parties. 1. Scope of Work: Consultant agrees to provide professional services to support the Northeast Renton Park project as specified in Exhibit A, which is attached and incorporated herein and may hereinafter be referred to as the “Work.” 2. Changes in Scope of Work: The City, without invalidating this Agreement, may order changes to the Work consisting of additions, deletions or modifications. Any such changes to the Work shall be ordered by the City in writing and the Compensation shall be equitably adjusted consistent with the rates set forth in Exhibit A or as otherwise mutually agreed by the Parties. 3. Time of Performance: Consultant shall commence performance of the Agreement pursuant to the schedule(s) as set forth in Exhibit A. All Work shall be performed by no later than March 31, 2026. 4. Compensation: A. Amount. Total compensation to Consultant for Work provided pursuant to this Agreement shall not exceed five hundred thousand two hundred seven and 00/100 dollars ($500,207.00), plus any applicable state and local sales taxes. Compensation shall be paid based upon Work actually performed according to the rate(s) or amounts specified in Exhibit A. The Consultant agrees that any hourly or flat rate charged by it for its Work shall remain locked at the negotiated rate(s) unless otherwise agreed to in writing or provided in Exhibit A. Except as specifically provided herein, the Consultant shall be solely responsible for payment of any taxes imposed as a result of the performance and payment of this Agreement. B. Method of Payment. On a monthly or no less than quarterly basis during any quarter in which Work is performed, the Consultant shall submit a voucher or invoice in a form specified by the City, including a description of what Work has been performed, the name of the personnel performing such Work, and any hourly labor charge rate for AGENDA ITEM #8. d) PAGE 2 OF 10 such personnel. The Consultant shall also submit a final bill upon completion of all Work. Payment shall be made by the City for Work performed within thirty (30) calendar days after receipt and approval by the appropriate City representative of the voucher or invoice. If the Consultant’s performance does not meet the requirements of this Agreement, the Consultant will correct or modify its performance to comply with the Agreement. The City may withhold payment for work that does not meet the requirements of this Agreement. C. Effect of Payment. Payment for any part of the Work shall not constitute a waiver by the City of any remedies it may have against the Consultant for failure of the Consultant to perform the Work or for any breach of this Agreement by the Consultant. D. Non-Appropriation of Funds. If sufficient funds are not appropriated or allocated for payment under this Agreement for any future fiscal period, the City shall not be obligated to make payments for Work or amounts incurred after the end of the current fiscal period, and this Agreement will terminate upon the completion of all remaining Work for which funds are allocated. No penalty or expense shall accrue to the City in the event this provision applies. 5. Termination: A. The City reserves the right to terminate this Agreement at any time, with or without cause by giving ten (10) calendar days’ notice to the Consultant in writing. In the event of such termination or suspension, all finished or unfinished documents, data, studies, worksheets, models and reports, or other material prepared by the Consultant pursuant to this Agreement shall be submitted to the City, if any are required as part of the Work. B. In the event this Agreement is terminated by the City, the Consultant shall be entitled to payment for all hours worked to the effective date of termination, less all payments previously made. If the Agreement is terminated by the City after partial performance of Work for which the agreed compensation is a fixed fee, the City shall pay the Consultant an equitable share of the fixed fee. This provision shall not prevent the City from seeking any legal remedies it may have for the violation or nonperformance of any of the provisions of this Agreement and such charges due to the City shall be deducted from the final payment due the Consultant. No payment shall be made by the City for any expenses incurred or work done following the effective date of termination unless authorized in advance in writing by the City. 6. Warranties And Right To Use Work Product: Consultant represents and warrants that Consultant will perform all Work identified in this Agreement in a professional and workmanlike manner and in accordance with all reasonable and professional standards AGENDA ITEM #8. d) PAGE 3 OF 10 and laws. Compliance with professional standards includes, as applicable, performing the Work in compliance with applicable City standards or guidelines (e.g. design criteria and Standard Plans for Road, Bridge and Municipal Construction). Professional engineers shall certify engineering plans, specifications, plats, and reports, as applicable, pursuant to RCW 18.43.070. Consultant further represents and warrants that all final work product created for and delivered to the City pursuant to this Agreement shall be the original work of the Consultant and free from any intellectual property encumbrance which would restrict the City from using the work product. Consultant grants to the City a non- exclusive, perpetual right and license to use, reproduce, distribute, adapt, modify, and display all final work product produced pursuant to this Agreement. The City’s or other’s adaptation, modification or use of the final work products other than for the purposes of this Agreement shall be without liability to the Consultant. The provisions of this section shall survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement. 7. Record Maintenance: The Consultant shall maintain accounts and records, which properly reflect all direct and indirect costs expended and Work provided in the performance of this Agreement and retain such records for as long as may be required by applicable Washington State records retention laws, but in any event no less than six years after the termination of this Agreement. The Consultant agrees to provide access to and copies of any records related to this Agreement as required by the City to audit expenditures and charges and/or to comply with the Washington State Public Records Act (Chapter 42.56 RCW). The provisions of this section shall survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement. 8. Public Records Compliance: To the full extent the City determines necessary to comply with the Washington State Public Records Act, Consultant shall make a due diligent search of all records in its possession or control relating to this Agreement and the Work, including, but not limited to, e-mail, correspondence, notes, saved telephone messages, recordings, photos, or drawings and provide them to the City for production. In the event Consultant believes said records need to be protected from disclosure, it may, at Consultant’s own expense, seek judicial protection. Consultant shall indemnify, defend, and hold harmless the City for all costs, including attorneys’ fees, attendant to any claim or litigation related to a Public Records Act request for which Consultant has responsive records and for which Consultant has withheld records or information contained therein, or not provided them to the City in a timely manner. Consultant shall produce for distribution any and all records responsive to the Public Records Act request in a timely manner, unless those records are protected by court order. The provisions of this section shall survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement. 9. Independent Contractor Relationship: A. The Consultant is retained by the City only for the purposes and to the extent set forth in this Agreement. The nature of the relationship between the Consultant and the City AGENDA ITEM #8. d) PAGE 4 OF 10 during the period of the Work shall be that of an independent contractor, not employee. The Consultant, not the City, shall have the power to control and direct the details, manner or means of Work. Specifically, but not by means of limitation, the Consultant shall have no obligation to work any particular hours or particular schedule, unless otherwise indicated in the Scope of Work or where scheduling of attendance or performance is mutually arranged due to the nature of the Work. Consultant shall retain the right to designate the means of performing the Work covered by this agreement, and the Consultant shall be entitled to employ other workers at such compensation and such other conditions as it may deem proper, provided, however, that any contract so made by the Consultant is to be paid by it alone, and that employing such workers, it is acting individually and not as an agent for the City. B. The City shall not be responsible for withholding or otherwise deducting federal income tax or Social Security or contributing to the State Industrial Insurance Program, or otherwise assuming the duties of an employer with respect to Consultant or any employee of the Consultant. C. If the Consultant is a sole proprietorship or if this Agreement is with an individual, the Consultant agrees to notify the City and complete any required form if the Consultant retired under a State of Washington retirement system and agrees to indemnify any losses the City may sustain through the Consultant’s failure to do so. 10. Hold Harmless: The Consultant agrees to release, indemnify, defend, and hold harmless the City, elected officials, employees, officers, representatives, and volunteers from any and all claims, demands, actions, suits, causes of action, arbitrations, mediations, proceedings, judgments, awards, injuries, damages, liabilities, taxes, losses, fines, fees, penalties, expenses, attorney’s or attorneys’ fees, costs, and/or litigation expenses to or by any and all persons or entities, arising from, resulting from, or related to the negligent acts, errors or omissions of the Consultant in its performance of this Agreement or a breach of this Agreement by Consultant, except for that portion of the claims caused by the City’s sole negligence. Should a court of competent jurisdiction determine that this agreement is subject to RCW 4.24.115, (Validity of agreement to indemnify against liability for negligence relative to construction, alteration, improvement, etc., of structure or improvement attached to real estate…) then, in the event of liability for damages arising out of bodily injury to persons or damages to property caused by or resulting from the concurrent negligence of the Consultant and the City, its officers, officials, employees and volunteers, Consultant’s liability shall be only to the extent of Consultant’s negligence. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) PAGE 5 OF 10 It is further specifically and expressly understood that the indemnification provided in this Agreement constitute Consultant’s waiver of immunity under the Industrial Insurance Act, RCW Title 51, solely for the purposes of this indemnification. The Parties have mutually negotiated and agreed to this waiver. The provisions of this section shall survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement. 11. Gifts and Conflicts: The City’s Code of Ethics and Washington State law prohibit City employees from soliciting, accepting, or receiving any gift, gratuity or favor from any person, firm or corporation involved in a contract or transaction. To ensure compliance with the City’s Code of Ethics and state law, the Consultant shall not give a gift of any kind to City employees or officials. Consultant also confirms that Consultant does not have a business interest or a close family relationship with any City officer or employee who was, is, or will be involved in selecting the Consultant, negotiating or administering this Agreement, or evaluating the Consultant’s performance of the Work. 12. City of Renton Business License: Unless exempted by the Renton Municipal Code, Consultant shall obtain a City of Renton Business License prior to performing any Work and maintain the business license in good standing throughout the term of this agreement with the City. Information regarding acquiring a city business license can be found at: https://www.rentonwa.gov/Tax Information regarding State business licensing requirements can be found at: https://dor.wa.gov/doing-business/register-my-business 13. Insurance: Consultant shall secure and maintain: A. Commercial general liability insurance in the minimum amounts of $1,000,000 for each occurrence/$2,000,000 aggregate for the Term of this Agreement. B. In the event that Work delivered pursuant to this Agreement either directly or indirectly involve or require Professional Services, Professional Liability, Errors and Omissions coverage shall be provided with minimum limits of $1,000,000 per occurrence. "Professional Services", for the purpose of this section, shall mean any Work provided by a licensed professional or Work that requires a professional standard of care. C. Workers’ compensation coverage, as required by the Industrial Insurance laws of the State of Washington, shall also be secured. D. Commercial Automobile Liability for owned, leased, hired or non-owned, leased, hired or non-owned, with minimum limits of $1,000,000 per occurrence combined single AGENDA ITEM #8. d) PAGE 6 OF 10 limit, if there will be any use of Consultant’s vehicles on the City’s Premises by or on behalf of the City, beyond normal commutes. E. Consultant shall name the City as an Additional Insured on its commercial general liability policy on a non-contributory primary basis. The City’s insurance policies shall not be a source for payment of any Consultant liability, nor shall the maintenance of any insurance required by this Agreement be construed to limit the liability of Consultant to the coverage provided by such insurance or otherwise limit the City’s recourse to any remedy available at law or in equity. F. Subject to the City’s review and acceptance, a certificate of insurance(s) showing the proper endorsements, shall be delivered to the City before performing the Work. G. Consultant shall provide the City with written notice of any policy cancellation, within two (2) business days of their receipt of such notice. H. If Consultant engages any subcontracted consultants to perform Work under this Agreement, Consultant shall either: (1) require such subcontracted consultants to maintain insurance equivalent to that required of Consultant under subsections A through E above, naming the City as an additional insured on a non-contributory primary basis, and provide certificates of insurance evidencing such coverage to the City prior to commencing Work; or (2) ensure that Consultant’s own insurance policies identified in subsections A through E above extend coverage to the Work performed by subcontracted consultants on behalf of Consultant, with the City named as an additional insured on a non-contributory primary basis for such Work. 14. Delays: Consultant is not responsible for delays caused by factors beyond the Consultant’s reasonable control. When such delays beyond the Consultant’s reasonable control occur, the City agrees the Consultant is not responsible for damages, nor shall the Consultant be deemed to be in default of the Agreement. 15. Successors and Assigns: Neither the City nor the Consultant shall assign, transfer or encumber any rights, duties or interests accruing from this Agreement without the written consent of the other. 16. Notices: Any notice required under this Agreement will be in writing, addressed to the appropriate party at the address which appears below (as modified in writing from time to time by such party), and given personally, by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, by facsimile or by nationally recognized overnight courier service. Time period for notices shall be deemed to have commenced upon the date of receipt, EXCEPT facsimile delivery will be deemed to have commenced on the first business day following AGENDA ITEM #8. d) PAGE 7 OF 10 transmission. Email and telephone may be used for purposes of administering the Agreement, but should not be used to give any formal notice required by the Agreement. CITY OF RENTON Mark Richardson 1055 South Grady Way Renton, WA 98057 Phone: (425) 430-6714 mrichardson@rentonwa.gov CONSULTANT Arielle Farina-Williams 1201 3rd Ave., Suite 2600 Seattle, WA 98101 Phone: (206)709-6868 afarina@anchorqea.com 17. Discrimination Prohibited: Except to the extent permitted by a bona fide occupational qualification, the Consultant agrees as follows: A. Consultant, and Consultant’s agents, employees, representatives, and volunteers with regard to the Work performed or to be performed under this Agreement, shall not discriminate on the basis of race, color, sex, religion, nationality, creed, marital status, sexual orientation or preference, age (except minimum age and retirement provisions), honorably discharged veteran or military status, or the presence of any sensory, mental or physical handicap, unless based upon a bona fide occupational qualification in relationship to hiring and employment, in employment or application for employment, the administration of the delivery of Work or any other benefits under this Agreement, or procurement of materials or supplies. B. The Consultant will take affirmative action to insure that applicants are employed and that employees are treated during employment without regard to their race, creed, color, national origin, sex, age, sexual orientation, physical, sensory or mental handicaps, or marital status. Such action shall include, but not be limited to the following employment, upgrading, demotion or transfer, recruitment or recruitment advertising, layoff or termination, rates of pay or other forms of compensation and selection for training. C. If the Consultant fails to comply with any of this Agreement’s non-discrimination provisions, the City shall have the right, at its option, to cancel the Agreement in whole or in part. D. The Consultant is responsible to be aware of and in compliance with all federal, state and local laws and regulations that may affect the satisfactory completion of the project, which includes but is not limited to fair labor laws, worker's compensation, and Title VI of the Federal Civil Rights Act of 1964, and will comply with City of Renton Council Resolution Number 4085. 18. Miscellaneous: The parties hereby acknowledge: AGENDA ITEM #8. d) PAGE 8 OF 10 A. The City is not responsible to train or provide training for Consultant. B. Consultant will not be reimbursed for job related expenses except to the extent specifically agreed within the attached exhibits. C. Consultant shall furnish all tools and/or materials necessary to perform the Work except to the extent specifically agreed within the attached exhibits. D. In the event special training, licensing, or certification is required for Consultant to provide Work he/she will acquire or maintain such at his/her own expense and, if Consultant employs, sub-contracts, or otherwise assigns the responsibility to perform the Work, said employee/sub-contractor/assignee will acquire and or maintain such training, licensing, or certification. E. This is a non-exclusive agreement and Consultant is free to provide his/her Work to other entities, so long as there is no interruption or interference with the provision of Work called for in this Agreement. F. Consultant is responsible for his/her own insurance, including, but not limited to health insurance. G. Consultant is responsible for his/her own Worker’s Compensation coverage as well as that for any persons employed by the Consultant. 19. Other Provisions: A. Approval Authority. Each individual executing this Agreement on behalf of the City and Consultant represents and warrants that such individuals are duly authorized to execute and deliver this Agreement on behalf of the City or Consultant. B. General Administration and Management. The City’s project manager is Mark Richardson, Capital Projects Coordinator. In providing Work, Consultant shall coordinate with the City’s project manager or his/her designee. C. Amendment and Modification. This Agreement may be amended only by an instrument in writing, duly executed by both Parties. D. Conflicts. In the event of any inconsistencies between Consultant proposals and this Agreement, the terms of this Agreement shall prevail. Any exhibits/attachments to this Agreement are incorporated by reference only to the extent of the purpose for which they are referenced within this Agreement. To the extent a Consultant prepared exhibit conflicts with the terms in the body of this Agreement or contains terms that are extraneous to the purpose for which it is referenced, the terms in the AGENDA ITEM #8. d) PAGE 9 OF 10 body of this Agreement shall prevail and the extraneous terms shall not be incorporated herein. E. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be made in and shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of Washington and the City of Renton. Consultant and all of the Consultant’s employees shall perform the Work in accordance with all applicable federal, state, county and city laws, codes and ordinances. F. Joint Drafting Effort. This Agreement shall be considered for all purposes as prepared by the joint efforts of the Parties and shall not be construed against one party or the other as a result of the preparation, substitution, submission or other event of negotiation, drafting or execution. G. Jurisdiction and Venue. Any lawsuit or legal action brought by any party to enforce or interpret this Agreement or any of its terms or covenants shall be brought in the King County Superior Court for the State of Washington at the Maleng Regional Justice Center in Kent, King County, Washington, or its replacement or successor. Consultant hereby expressly consents to the personal and exclusive jurisdiction and venue of such court even if Consultant is a foreign corporation not registered with the State of Washington. H. Severability. A court of competent jurisdiction’s determination that any provision or part of this Agreement is illegal or unenforceable shall not cancel or invalidate the remainder of this Agreement, which shall remain in full force and effect. I. Sole and Entire Agreement. This Agreement contains the entire agreement of the Parties and any representations or understandings, whether oral or written, not incorporated are excluded. J. Third-Party Beneficiaries. Nothing in this Agreement is intended to, nor shall be construed to give any rights or benefits in the Agreement to anyone other than the Parties, and all duties and responsibilities undertaken pursuant to this Agreement will be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the Parties and no one else. K. Binding Effect. The Parties each bind themselves, their partners, successors, assigns, and legal representatives to the other party to this Agreement, and to the partners, successors, assigns, and legal representatives of such other party with respect to all covenants of the Agreement. L. Waivers. All waivers shall be in writing and signed by the waiving party. Either party’s failure to enforce any provision of this Agreement shall not be a waiver and shall not AGENDA ITEM #8. d) PAGE 10 OF 10 prevent either the City or Consultant from enforcing that provision or any other provision of this Agreement in the future. Waiver of breach of any provision of this Agreement shall not be deemed to be a waiver of any prior or subsequent breach unless it is expressly waived in writing. M. Counterparts. The Parties may execute this Agreement in any number of counterparts, each of which shall constitute an original, and all of which will together constitute this one Agreement. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have voluntarily entered into this Agreement as of the date last signed by the Parties below. CITY OF RENTON By:_____________________________ CONSULTANT By:____________________________ Armondo Pavone Mayor Anna Spooner Principal _____________________________ Date _____________________________ Date Attest _____________________________ Jason A. Seth City Clerk Approved as to Legal Form By: __________________________ Shane Moloney Renton City Attorney 8/5/2025 AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Scope of Work July 10, 2025 Northeast Renton Park Design and Permitting City of Renton 1. Project Understanding The City of Renton (City) proposes to develop a new park in Northeast Renton on an 18.5-acre assemblage of parcels acquired by the City. In October 2024, Anchor QEA supported the City in completing the Northeast Renton Park Master Plan (Master Plan) for the new park. The Master Plan presents a concept design that balances three priorities: enhancing community health and wellness, fostering environmental resilience, and promoting social equity. This Scope of Work (SOW) outlines work to be completed for the new Northeast Renton Park Design and Permitting Project (Project). The Project seeks to build upon the Master Plan to develop the park design and to submit for environmental permits. The Project area is defined as the portion of the City-owned parcels that includes development (see Figure 1). The Project area also includes the future acquisition parcel. Figure 1 Park Master Plan and Project Area Based on the Master Plan’s concept design, the Project will include multiple park amenities as shown in Figure 1. The following provides a summary of the proposed amenities included in the SOW. NE RENTON PARK PSA EXHIBIT A AGENDA ITEM #8. d) July 10, 2025 Northeast Renton Park Design and Permitting Page 2 Central Park Amenity Area and Trail Connections This area includes a repaved entry area with entry signage, vehicle parking, accessible pedestrian and cyclist access points, and seating (see Figure 1). The concept design includes a network of trails— paved, soft surface, and raised boardwalks—in the park’s upland, wetland, and riparian areas. This area includes the previous site of a home that was demolished by the City in winter 2025. During the demolition, the City encountered a leaking underground storage tank (UST). The City removed the UST and notified the Washington State Department of Ecology. Anchor QEA will note the location of the UST on the base map in this SOW and track if additional testing may be required during final design and construction. Nature Play Area The Project will include a new nature play area. Anchor QEA will identify the location, size, edge conditions for the play area. The City will work with vendors during final design on play equipment. Ultimately, the City will be responsible for final play equipment selection and coordinating future final design and procurement with the identified play equipment manufacturer. Restroom The Project will include a new restroom. Based on recent correspondence with the City, there is a feasible option for a new sewer connection that will include design and installation of an individual grinder pump system that can use a smaller diameter force main (+/-2 inches) to lift the sewage up to the Coal Creek Water and Sewer District system at the intersection of Duvall Avenue NE and NE 25th Street. At 30%, Anchor QEA, in collaboration with the City, will determine if this is feasible. If the plumbed restroom is feasible, a Portland Loo or similar prefabricated, self-cleaning restroom will be included in the design. If temporary toilets are initially used, fencing or similar may be used for screening and a custom toilet enclosure will not be needed. Picnic Shelter The Project will include a new prefabricated picnic shelter. It is assumed that the identified manufacturer will provide design and engineering for the shelter. Anchor QEA will locate the structure and provide guidance on size and materials. Restoration Features The Project will propose wetland and wetland buffer restoration to offset impacts related to the wetland boardwalks. The Project will also include upland forest stewardship area focused on invasive species removal and native planting. Along May Creek, the Project includes restoration of riparian vegetation. No work will be proposed below May Creek’s ordinary high water mark (OHWM). NE RENTON PARK PSA EXHIBIT A AGENDA ITEM #8. d) July 10, 2025 Northeast Renton Park Design and Permitting Page 3 Future Parcel Acquisition As shown in Figure 1, the Master Plan identifies a future parcel acquisition with additional amenities such as an off-leash dog area and environmental education areas. The City is confident acquisition will occur in the future (approximately 2 years out), and the SOW includes design for the future parcel, including open space, lawn and landscaping, and an off-leash dog park. Anchor QEA and multiple subconsultants will support the City on the Project, providing design and permitting services for the Project. The Project consultant team and roles are summarized in Table 1. Table 1 Firms and Roles Firm Role Anchor QEA (prime) Landscape architecture; civil engineering, including utilities; geotechnical engineering; structural engineering; permitting; natural resources; stakeholder engagement; and project management DHA Surveyors Topography and boundary survey Cross Engineers Electrical engineering This SOW provides an overview of the proposed scope of services and deliverables, key Project assumptions, budget, and schedule. Exhibit A provides a SOW to be completed by each subconsultant. Exhibit B provides a detailed breakdown of the proposed budget for the work outlined in this SOW. 2. Scope of Services and Deliverables This SOW will advance the Project through 30% design and environmental permitting submittals and includes the following tasks: • Task 1: Project management • Task 2: Stakeholder meetings • Task 3: Data gathering and investigations • Task 4: 30% design • Task 5: Environmental permitting Task 1: Project Management We understand the primary point of contact for the City will be the project manager, Mark Richardson. The consultant team project manager will be Arielle Farina-Williams. She will be supported by Principal-in-Charge Anna Spooner. Arielle and Anna will be supported by Anchor QEA’s team of technical experts, technical staff, project controls, and accounting staff. Anchor QEA’s project manager will maintain regular and consistent communication with the City’s project manager and other City staff. This task will include the following specific items of work: NE RENTON PARK PSA EXHIBIT A AGENDA ITEM #8. d) July 10, 2025 Northeast Renton Park Design and Permitting Page 4 Subtask 1.1: Prepare and Update the Project Schedule • A Project schedule showing the primary project milestones and dates will be prepared in consultation with the City. • The schedule will be updated if changes are required; potential schedule changes will be approved by the City. Subtask 1.2: Prepare a Detailed Task Summary • This SOW in its final form will constitute the detailed task summary for the predesign phase of work. • As part of this task, Anchor QEA will also develop the detailed task summaries for the final design and permitting phases of work, noting data gaps to fill and final coordination to complete prior to Project bidding and construction. Subtask 1.3: Set Up and Maintain Project Team SharePoint Site • Anchor QEA will set up and host a SharePoint Project site to share background information, draft deliverables, and final deliverables with the City. Subtask 1.4: Invoicing and Budget Management • Anchor QEA will set up the Project in our accounting and project management system. • Anchor QEA will manage the consultant team’s scope of work and budget. This will include monthly invoicing and progress reporting to the City. A letter outlining work completed and progress made toward completing the Project will be submitted with each monthly invoice. • We will provide monthly budget review to avoid cost overruns. Subtask 1.5: Project Management Check-in Meetings • Biweekly meetings with the City project manager and Anchor QEA consultant team project manager (budget assumes twenty 1-hour virtual meetings over 7 months). Deliverables for Task 1 • Project schedule (provided as PDF) • SharePoint site portal and access for the City and the Anchor QEA consultant team • Draft and final detailed task summary for the next phase of work (design and permitting), provided as Word and PDF • Monthly invoicing • Meeting notes provided in email summaries Task 2: Stakeholder Meetings To inform the Project’s design and permitting phase, the Anchor QEA consultant team will conduct the outreach and meetings as discussed in the following subsections. NE RENTON PARK PSA EXHIBIT A AGENDA ITEM #8. d) July 10, 2025 Northeast Renton Park Design and Permitting Page 5 Subtask 2.1: On-Site Kickoff Meeting • This will include one on-site meeting with the City and key members of the Anchor QEA consultant team (up to four Anchor QEA team members). The on-site meeting is assumed to last 2 hours. Subtask 2.2: Meetings with City Stakeholders During the Project’s master planning phase of work, a Project stakeholder group was developed to provide strategic and technical information to the Project and support decision-making. During design and permitting, Anchor QEA will meet with the stakeholder group to review and confirm design progress. This will include the following: • There will be two coordination meetings with the City stakeholders; each will be virtual and 1.5 hour in duration, involving up to two Anchor QEA staff. • Anchor QEA will develop and present Project updates during the stakeholder meetings. • Anchor QEA will document and circulate meeting notes for each meeting Deliverables for Task 2 • Meeting notes (provided as email summaries and Word documents) Task 3: Data Gathering and Investigations Subtask 3.1: Health and Safety Plan Prior to any field efforts, Anchor QEA will develop a Project-specific Health and Safety Plan (HASP) that will identify potential risks and mitigation measures to prioritize health and safety. Subtask 3.2: Topography and Boundary Survey The Anchor QEA consultant team’s surveyor, DHA Surveyors, will develop a complete topographic and boundary survey for the Project area (see Figure 1). The survey will include but is not limited to the following: • Site control • Topography (1-foot interval) • Aboveground planimetric features, such as pavements, curbs, pathway, and fences • Vegetation, including areas of invasive vegetation • Trees more than 6 inches in diameter at breast height • Utility locates within survey extents (sewer, stormwater, and water) • Removed UST location • Park boundary for City-owned parcels 032059287, 0323059164, 0323059005, 0323059116, and 3424059164. The boundary will tie into controlling monuments to show the lines accurately and graphically within the Project area. The boundary survey will not include all marking the parcel corners. NE RENTON PARK PSA EXHIBIT A AGENDA ITEM #8. d) July 10, 2025 Northeast Renton Park Design and Permitting Page 6 • Langley ridge trail easement The survey will use the City’s preferred NAVD88 vertical datum and the NAD83 horizontal datum. A complete scope of survey services is included in Exhibit A. Subtask 3.3: Natural Resources Field Studies Anchor QEA will complete the natural resource field studies that are required for establishing the existing conditions to meet federal, state, and local (City) permitting requirements. The effort will require 3 days of field work for two staff and will include the following: • Wetlands: Delineate site wetlands within the Project area. Mark boundaries in the field using flagging, take GPS points, and prepare mapping. Document findings, including wetland rating data sheets. • Wetland buffers: Characterize buffer conditions. Identify appropriate buffer extents for delineated wetlands and locate on site mapping. Characterize site conditions, including extent of native and invasive vegetation. • May Creek OHWM: Delineate OHWM using established state and federal methodologies. Mark boundaries in the field using flagging; take GPS points; and prepare mapping. • May Creek riparian setback: Characterize site May Creek setback conditions, including extent of native and invasive vegetation. • Forest: Review site reconnaissance completed during master plan phase and verify forest conditions and opportunity areas for site restoration and stewardship within the Project area. Verify and map the site’s existing landmark trees. Following the field work, Anchor QEA will document field conditions in a wetland and stream OHWM delineation report. The report will include assigning wetland functional ratings, wetland buffer width, and stream riparian setback distances. The report will meet current state and federal wetland and stream OHWM delineation guidance and requirements. Subtask 3.4: Geotechnical Investigation Anchor QEA will conduct a geotechnical subsurface investigation and prepare geotechnical engineering design recommendations for the foundation support of the restroom, picnic shelter, and wetland boardwalk features. The scope includes the following: Field Investigation This task includes health and safety planning and coordinating utility locates prior to completing the investigation. The investigation scope includes the following: • Advance a single boring in the vicinity of the proposed restroom to a depth of 50 feet below ground surface. Collect samples on 2.5- to 5-foot depth intervals employing split spoon sampling and thin-walled push sampling, using Shelby tubes if appropriate. Log and bag the NE RENTON PARK PSA EXHIBIT A AGENDA ITEM #8. d) July 10, 2025 Northeast Renton Park Design and Permitting Page 7 samples for further classification in a geotechnical subcontract laboratory. Up to 15 samples will be collected in this boring. • Hand-advance up to 13 subsurface locations for the proposed boardwalk and viewing platform and trail locations. Tools would be selected based on subsurface conditions encountered and could include a hand auger, a dynamic cone penetrometer, and/or a vane shear testing device to observe soils and to measure the in situ shear strength of soils. It is assumed that two samples of material would be collected from each location for further laboratory testing (a total of 26 samples). This portion of the investigation is assumed to require 3 days of field labor for two staff field technicians. • Conduct laboratory testing on representative samples selected from the 31 samples collected during the investigation as follows: ‒ Moisture content—up to 41 samples ‒ Grain size with hydrometer—up to 10 samples ‒ Atterberg limits—up to 10 samples ‒ One-dimensional consolidation tests—up to two samples (if Shelby tubes are collected) Investigation work would be overseen by an experienced Anchor QEA geologist or field geotechnical engineer. Geotechnical Engineering and Memorandum This task will include summarizing subsurface conditions encountered during the field investigation, including field logs and laboratory testing results; reviewing geologic critical areas considerations that have been developed to date and providing team input on addressing geologic critical areas code requirements; preparing geotechnical engineering recommendations for earthwork, shallow footings, boardwalk foundations, and seismic design, including site classification and estimates of liquefaction risk and liquefaction-induced settlement; and prepare one draft and one final version of a geotechnical engineering design technical memorandum. Deliverables for Task 3 • HASP (provided as PDF) • Draft and final survey basemap with wetland and stream delineation GPS data (provided as PDF) • Draft and final Wetland and Stream OHWM Delineation report (provided as Word and PDF) • Draft and final geotechnical memorandum (provided as PDF) Task 4: 30% Design Subtask 4.1: Design Drawings Based on the preferred alternative identified in the Master Plan (as shown in Figure 1), input collected from the City in Task 2, and information gathered in Task 3, Anchor QEA will prepare 30% NE RENTON PARK PSA EXHIBIT A AGENDA ITEM #8. d) July 10, 2025 Northeast Renton Park Design and Permitting Page 8 design drawings for the Project. The submittal will include all the design program elements based on the preliminary design program from the Project’s Master Plan. The 30% design drawings will be prepared using AutoCAD Civil3D software. Changes to the list are anticipated, but this list provides a basis for estimating the level of effort that will be required to complete the drawings. Each set of plan drawings will be provided on three sheets, at 30-foot scale, unless otherwise indicated. The following is a general sheet list for 30% design development: • Cover sheet, including title, location and vicinity maps, and sheet index (one sheet) • Existing conditions (topographic and boundary survey) • Composite site plan, i.e., the proposed Project design with the base survey map underlay (one sheet at 60-foot scale) • Temporary access and staging plan (one sheet at 60-foot scale) • Clearing and demolition plan • Grading plan • Grading and materials sections (two sheets at 10-foot scale; no exaggeration) • Construction materials plan • Construction materials details (two sheets; scale varies) • Utilities plan • Electrical site plan (refer to cross proposal in Exhibit B) • Pedestrian boardwalk structural plan (two sheets; scale varies) • Pedestrian boardwalk structural details (two sheets; scale varies) • Architectural sheets for proposed buildings (see Task 7) • Planting plan • Plant schedule (one sheet) Subtask 4.2: Outline Specifications and Product Cut Sheets As part of the 30% design, the consultant team will prepare an outline of the technical specifications, using the current version of the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) MasterFormat Specifications and starting with Division 02. Anchor QEA will review products with the City to gain an understanding of the preferred products and develop a list based on this input. The types of products are anticipated to include the following: • Irrigation equipment • Site furnishing, such as benches, trash receptacles, and picnic tables • Pedestrian bridge materials and product options • Play equipment and play surfacing NE RENTON PARK PSA EXHIBIT A AGENDA ITEM #8. d) July 10, 2025 Northeast Renton Park Design and Permitting Page 9 Subtask 4.3: Opinion of Probable Construction Cost The consultant team will develop a 30% design Opinion of Probable Construction Cost (OPCC) for the design elements shown on the 30% design drawings. This will include the following elements: • Development of quantity estimates for the various items shown on the design drawings • Preparation of an OPCC, based on estimated quantities and unit costs, to document the expected implementation cost. The design development OPCC will be assembled in a format consistent with the CSI MasterFormat. Subtask 4.4: Project Budget and Phasing Recommendations The Master Plan estimated a range of $6,820,000 to $8,130,000 for the total project cost including design, permitting, and implementation. Following the completion of the 30% design OPCC, Anchor QEA will review the OPCC with the City and determine which design Project program elements are appropriate to move forward and whether value engineering should be considered for certain elements in the 60% design. Anchor QEA will make recommendations to the City that should be considered in subsequent design submittals and included in contract documents. These will be included in a Project budget recommendations memorandum. Ultimately, the City will decide on what Project program elements will be included in the 60% design, what will be value engineered, and whether any Project program elements will be completed in a future park development phase. Deliverables for Task 4 • 30% design drawings, as PDF • 30% design outline technical specifications, as PDF • Product cut sheets, as PDF • 30% design OPCC, as PDF • 30% design Project budget and phasing recommendations memorandum, as PDF Task 5: Environmental Permitting Subtask 5.1: Permit Applications This task includes preparing permit application materials for agency review. Table 2 includes a breakdown of federal, state, and local permits that may be required for the Project. NE RENTON PARK PSA EXHIBIT A AGENDA ITEM #8. d) July 10, 2025 Northeast Renton Park Design and Permitting Page 10 Table 2 Potential Permits Agency Permit or Approval Trigger Approx. Agency Review Time Frame Notes USACE Section 404 of the Clean Waters Act and Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbor Act, Individual Permit Projects with the potential to impact wetlands that fit the definition of waters of the United States 9 to 12 months A JARPA form and supplemental wetland information (delineation and mitigation reports) would be prepared for USACE. USACE in coordination with NMFS and USFWS Section 7 of the ESA Concurrence Projects with a federal nexus occurring in the vicinity of ESA-listed species or critical habitat 6 to 12 months Due to the Project’s proximity to May Creek and wetland habitat, there is the potential for there to be ESA-listed species or critical habitat. A short-form Biological Evaluation would be prepared for potential impacts to ESA-listed species or critical habitat. USACE in coordination with DAHP Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act Compliance Projects with a federal nexus with the potential to affect cultural, archaeological, or historical resources 6 to 12 months A Cultural Resources Scoping Memo would be prepared and submitted with the JARPA detailing the cultural resources review approach. Ecology Section 401 WQC Discharges of dredged or fill materials in water or non-isolated wetlands 6 to 12 months The JARPA and attachments would be submitted to Ecology for a Section 401 WQC. WDFW HPA Work that uses, diverts, obstructs, or changes the flow or bed of state waters 45 days An online application would be submitted to WDFW for issuance of the HPA. Because restoration activities are proposed along May Creek, an expedited habitat restoration HPA would be requested. City of Renton SEPA MDNS Projects that require a local agency decision 4 months A SEPA checklist would be prepared and submitted to the City. City of Renton Critical Areas Compliance Projects affecting designated critical areas or buffers 4 months A Habitat Assessment would be prepared for compliance with Renton Municipal Code 4-3-050. City of Renton Shoreline Exemption Habitat restoration projects qualify for an exemption per the City of Renton Shoreline Master Program 1 month A Shoreline Exemption request letter would be prepared justifying compliance with the Shoreline Master Program exemption requirements. Notes: DAHP: Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation ESA: Endangered Species Act HPA: Hydraulic Project Approval JARPA: Joint Aquatic Resources Permit Application MDN: Mitigated Determination of Nonsignificance NE RENTON PARK PSA EXHIBIT A AGENDA ITEM #8. d) July 10, 2025 Northeast Renton Park Design and Permitting Page 11 NMFS: National Marine Fisheries Service SEPA: State Environmental Policy Act USACE: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers USFWS: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service WDWF: Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife WQC: Water Quality Criteria Anchor QEA will provide a detailed Project description that will serve as the basis of analysis for the environmental review and permitting processes. The Project description will include elements of new construction, demolition or removal elements, excavation areas and quantities, materials, construction methods and sequencing, and other facets of the proposed Project; photographs and graphic illustrations will be incorporated. The Project description will include sufficient detail and accuracy to satisfy the requirements for the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) review and federal, state, and local permits. Permit applications and supporting documentation will be prepared based on the 30% design using conservative estimates for quantities and impacts to account for potential future design changes. Anchor QEA will complete the following steps when preparing the necessary permit materials identified in the breakdown of federal, state, and local permits that may be required for the Project in Table 2: • Contact agency staff and review Project elements to introduce (or re-introduce) the Project, confirm application materials and scope of agency review, and review probable timeline. • Where necessary, schedule, prepare for, and attend a pre-application meeting, and prepare notes from the meeting. • Prepare the necessary permit applications, forms, and supporting documentation. • Provide draft permit application materials for City review; Anchor QEA will provide all materials as a single package to the City. • Respond to City-consolidated comments and prepare final permit application materials. • Submit the applications to the respective agencies. Subtask 5.2: Agency Outreach and Coordination Under this task, Anchor QEA will provide ongoing coordination with permitting and regulatory agencies and Tribes before and after submittal of environmental review documents and permit applications listed above, as follows: • Conduct early agency outreach and continued, proactive communication to support timely review of all applications. • Apprise appropriate agencies and Tribes of design changes made after the initial interagency meeting, to receive additional feedback and guidance as needed. • Respond to requests for clarification or additional information and prepare responses. NE RENTON PARK PSA EXHIBIT A AGENDA ITEM #8. d) July 10, 2025 Northeast Renton Park Design and Permitting Page 12 This task includes budget to prepare for and attend a 2-hour pre-application meeting with review agencies to introduce the Project. An additional 32 hours of agency and Tribal coordination is included in this task to support gaining local, state, and federal environmental approvals and permits. The City will provide fees and additional coordination for permits processing, if required. Subtask 5.3: Stormwater Analyses and Reports Anchor QEA will review the minimum stormwater requirements that will be triggered by the Project, as outlined in the City of Renton Surface Water Design Manual (City of Renton 2022). Anchor QEA will then complete the stormwater analyses, drainage plans, specifications, and a report needed to demonstrate compliance with minimum stormwater requirements for permitting. This task assumes that the disturbance and area of new and replaced hard surface created by the Project will trigger the need for full drainage review by the City. Full drainage review will require documentation demonstrating that the Project is compliant with the nine core requirements and six special requirements outlined in the City of Renton Surface Water Design Manual. This will include preparation of drainage plans, specifications, and a Technical Information Report (TIR) to document drainage compliance, in accordance with the City of Renton Surface Water Design Manual, as follows: • Perform hydrologic and hydraulic analyses of proposed site and drainage improvements. ‒ Hydrologic analysis will be performed using MGSFlood software or the Western Washington Hydrologic Model to estimate the peak recurrence-interval stormwater runoff flow rates and water quality treatment flow rates and volumes of runoff generated from the Project site and run-on areas. The model will also be used to evaluate proposed stormwater flow control and treatment facilities. ‒ Hydraulic analysis of storm drain improvements will be completed using a backwater analysis spreadsheet. • Prepare drainage plans and a TIR to document the stormwater analyses. The TIR will outline the minimum core and special stormwater requirements triggered by the Project and identify how the Project will comply with those requirements. • Provide recommendations for stormwater treatment, flow control, and conveyance facilities needed to meet the City’s requirements and reflect the design of the park. A draft TIR will be prepared during 30% design to serve as a starting point for review with the City of Renton Surface Water Department staff to ensure that the approach to site stormwater management will meet the City’s core and special stormwater requirements. Anchor QEA will incorporate input from the City of Renton to refine the TIR as the design progresses and will prepare an updated draft TIR for review at the 60% design level. It is our understanding that full drainage review by City of Renton Surface Water Department and permitting staff will not occur until final construction permit applications. The draft TIR prepared as part of this SOW will be finalized when the design progresses beyond 60% design as part of a future scope of work. The final TIR submitted with construction NE RENTON PARK PSA EXHIBIT A AGENDA ITEM #8. d) July 10, 2025 Northeast Renton Park Design and Permitting Page 13 permit applications will include, as an appendix, a completed Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (CSWPPP), as outlined below. Deliverables for Task 6 The following draft and final deliverables will be prepared: • Project description • JARPA and JARPA plan set • Biological evaluation • Cultural resources scoping memorandum • HPA application (electronic submittal) • SEPA checklist • Habitat assessment • Shoreline exemption request letter • Preliminary drainage TIR, submitted with 30% design as PDF • . 3. Assumptions Meetings • In-person meeting budgets include travel time (estimated at 30 minutes each way). • The City project manager will identify key stakeholders to participate in the stakeholder group and will coordinate meeting times and logistics. Design and Coordination • The design for the future acquisition parcel will include open space and a dog park (as shown on the Master Plan). If new design elements are proposed that require additional design and coordination, Anchor QEA will negotiate additional work through a contract amendment with the City. • No work is proposed below May Creek’s OHWM. The SOW does not include hydraulic and hydrologic modeling or design for a new creek. • No soil testing at the UST location is proposed with this SOW. The geotechnical investigation will be focused on soil parameters for engineering design and does not include chemistry testing. • Grant support is not included in this Scope and will be negotiated based on future efforts. • This Scope does not include interpretive signage design. Only signage types and locations are included. • Groundwater data collection is not included in this Scope and will not be needed for design. • One set of consolidated comments will be provided by the City on draft deliverables. NE RENTON PARK PSA EXHIBIT A AGENDA ITEM #8. d) July 10, 2025 Northeast Renton Park Design and Permitting Page 14 Environmental Permitting • The Project will be self-mitigating. All potential wetland, wetland buffer, stream, and stream setback impacts will be mitigated on site. • Design data will be provided in AutoCAD and will include topographic and bathymetric survey data to prepare the permit application materials. • Hydrologic monitoring of wetland and potential mitigation areas is not included in this scope of work. • A full biological assessment will not be required to demonstrate ESA compliance. • This scope of work includes cultural resources scoping to inform coordination with the Recreation and Conservation Office if grant funding is pursued. The scoping will describe cultural resources compliance approach and any assessment or survey work that will occur at a later design stage. • Work will not occur on or over state-owned aquatic lands. Washington State Department of Natural Resources approval will not be required. • The project will qualify for a shoreline exemption, and a Shoreline Substantial Development Permit, or other individual shoreline permit review, will not be required. • Reviewers will provide one set of consolidated comments on draft permit application materials. • Agency comments will be minor and will not require substantial analysis or new documentation to be prepared. • This SOW does not include support for project appeals. 4. Budget Refer to Exhibit B for a detailed fee breakdown. 5. Schedule Work will begin immediately after a contract is executed and is expected to last 7 months with a tentative completion in March 2026. The City plans to use the completed design work to apply for Washington State Recreation and Conservation Office grants by the April 30, 2026, deadline. The schedule will be refined as part of Task 1 to identify key deliverables and City review cycles. The following presents a high-level schedule: • Task 1: Project duration • Task 2: Key milestones throughout Project duration • Task 3: 2 months following contract execution • Task 4: 3 months following Task 3 completion • Task 5: 2 months following Task 4 completion NE RENTON PARK PSA EXHIBIT A AGENDA ITEM #8. d) July 10, 2025 Northeast Renton Park Design and Permitting Page 15 Reference City of Renton (City of Renton Public Works Department Surface Water Utility), 2022. Surface Water Design Manual. Renton, Washington: June 22, 2022. NE RENTON PARK PSA EXHIBIT A AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Exhibit A Subconsultant Proposal NE RENTON PARK PSA EXHIBIT A AGENDA ITEM #8. d) DHA Duane Hartman & Associates, Inc. www.dhasurveyors.com 16928 Woodinville-Redmond Road NE, B-107 Business (425) 483-5355 Woodinville, WA 98072 FAX (425) 483-4650 June 4, 2025 Anchor QEA Inc. 1201 3rd Avenue Suite 2600 Seattle, WA 98101 Attention: Ms. Anna Spooner, PLA, ENV SP Subject: Cost Estimate for Professional Land Surveying Services, City of Renton May Creek Park, City of Renton, Renton, WA Dear Anna: Duane Hartman & Associates, Inc. (DHA) is pleased to offer the enclosed cost estimate for the subject project. The project consists of three (3) sites/tasks. #1 - Boundary and topographic survey of tax parcel 032305-9112. The survey will set the corners and will be recorded with the King County recorders off in Seattle, WA. #2 - Main Site topographic survey (approximately 14.8 acres). #3 - Preparation of ingress/egress easements. The limits and scope requirements are defined on the exhibit furnished to DHA by Anchor QEA on 05-29- 2025. SCOPE OF SERVICES: Site Topographic mapping will consist of all above ground planimetric features, creek survey, all trees over 6”DBH, and other features encountered during the field survey. Utility Locate is not considered in this estimate. DHA will utilize Published City of Renton horizontal and vertical control to perform the topographic mapping. Primary site control will be extended to the site via Leica Smart-net GPS procedures. All field data will be processed in accordance with Anchor QEA and City CAD standards and sent in AutoCAD as a block drawing. The horizontal datum will be Washington State Plane coordinates, north zone NAD-83(1991). The vertical datum will be NAVD88, US feet. The topographic survey will be developed as a 1’=20’ scale file with one- foot (1) foot contours and delivered in .dwg and .pdf formats. NE RENTON PARK PSA EXHIBIT A AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Ms. Anna Spooner May Creek Park – Topographic Survey ` June 4, 2025 Page 2 Tax Parcel 032305-9112 Boundary/Topographic Survey: Principal Surveyor 8.0 hrs @ 161.00/hr = $ 1,288.00 Project Surveyor 24.0 hrs @ 154.00/hr = 3,696.00 Field Tech II 24.0 hrs @ 92.00/hr = 2,208.00 Office Tech I/CAD 16.0 hrs @ 113.00/hr = 1,808.00 Mileage/Materials = 200.00 King County recording Fee = 424.00 TOTAL $ 9,624.00 May Creek Park Topographic Survey: Principal Surveyor 12.0 hrs @ 161.00/hr = $ 1,932.00 Project Surveyor 104.0 hrs @ 154.00/hr = 16,016.00 Field Tech II 104.0 hrs @ 92.00/hr = 9,568.00 Office Tech I/CAD 80.0 hrs @ 113.00/hr = 9,040.00 Mileage/Materials = 1,000.00 TOTAL $ 37,556.00 May Creek Park Easement Preparation: Principal Surveyor 16.0 hrs @ 161.00/hr = $ 2,576.00 Project Surveyor 10.0 hrs @ 154.00/hr = 1,540.00 Field Tech II 10.0 hrs @ 92.00/hr = 920.00 Office Tech I/CAD 16.0 hrs @ 113.00/hr = 1,808.00 Mileage/Materials = 150.00 TOTAL $ 6,994.00 GRAND TOTAL $ 54,174.00 TIME SCHEDULE - The foregoing services shall be completed and delivered within forty-five (45) Calendar days of the official notice to proceed. Thank you for considering DHA for your surveying needs. Until further notice, we remain at your service. Sincerely, DUANE HARTMAN & ASSOCIATES, INC. Douglas A. Hartman, PLS President, Principal Surveyor Anchor.City of Renton Parks.5118 Removed from Scope and Fee Revised to $44,550 NE RENTON PARK PSA EXHIBIT A AGENDA ITEM #8. d) 923 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Tacoma, WA 98405 * Phone: (253) 759-0118 * www.crossengineers.com June 3, 2025 Anchor QEA, LLC Attn: Anna Spooner 1201 3rd Ave, Suite 2600 Seattle, WA 98101 Re: NE Renton Park – Electrical Design Fee Proposal through 60% Design Ms. Anna Spooner, We welcome the opportunity to offer our engineering services for your consideration. We understand the electrical scope is the design of the new City of Renton NE Park. Task #1 – Project Management:  Project management of the electrical scope to include design coordination meetings with Owner and design team.  Cross Engineers anticipates four (4) design coordination meetings through design. Task #2 – Stakeholder Meetings:  No workscope for Cross Engineers Task 3 Data and Investigations:  Cross Engineers will review existing Puget Sound Energy services at overall site that currently serve structures to remain. Task #4 – 30% Design:  Prepare 30% electrical design narrative.  Prepare preliminary electrical site plan with new and existing electrical components identified.  Prepare electrical specification outline.  Prepare 30% electrical ROM construction costs. Task #5 – 60% Design:  Prepare 60% electrical design drawings. Design drawings to include underground power routing for Puget Sound Energy service park, pedestrian pathway and parking lot lighting, event power pedestals and EV Charging locations.  Prepare 60% electrical specifications.  Prepare 60% electrical cost estimates.  Respond to owner review comments for 60% design submittals and updated electrical drawings to address comments. Task #6 – Architectural Design:  Electrical design costs for site structures sent as separate fee proposal to Architect. Removed from Scope and Fee NE RENTON PARK PSA EXHIBIT A AGENDA ITEM #8. d) 923 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Tacoma, WA 98405 * Phone: (253) 759-0118 * www.crossengineers.com Design Fee For the above workscope we propose a lump sum design fee of $7,150.00 broken down as follows: Task #1 Electrical Design = $1,300.00 Task #3 Electrical Design = $500.00 Task #4 Electrical Design = $2,100.00 Task #5 Electrical Design = $3,250.00 Total Electrical Design Fee = $7,150.00 Billing Work will be billed monthly on a percentage complete basis. Please contact my office with additional workscope items or questions. Our office has permanent staff available for assignment to this project with your notice to proceed. Sincerely, Scott Kelly Cross Engineers, Inc. Notice to Proceed By providing the signature below Anchor QEA, LLC acknowledges this fee proposal and directs Cross Engineers to proceed with consulting as outlined herein. Signature Date Revised to $3,900 NE RENTON PARK PSA EXHIBIT A AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Exhibit B Budget NE RENTON PARK PSA EXHIBIT A AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Exhibit B Budget Billing Task Task Task Task Task Task Task Total Total Labor Categories Rate 1 2 3 4567Hours Dollars Principal 337$ 33.0 17.0 12.0 66.0 23.0 0.0 0.0 151.0 50,887$ Senior Manager 306$ 3.0 0.0 22.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75.0 22,950$ Manager 284$ 114.0 31.0 18.0 92.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 259.0 73,556$ Senior Staff 254$ 4.0 3.0 2.0 148.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 207.0 52,578$ Staff 3 221$ 1.0 0.0 112.0 48.0 156.0 0.0 0.0 317.0 70,057$ Staff 2 199$ 4.0 4.0 80.0 232.0 52.0 0.0 0.0 372.0 74,028$ Staff 1 168$ 0.0 0.0 174.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 174.0 29,232$ Senior CAD Designer 173$ 0.0 0.0 0.0 120.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120.0 20,760$ CAD Designer 146$ 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 8.0 0.0 0.0 12.0 1,752$ Senior Technical Editor 172$ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 688$ Technical Editor 147$ 0.0 2.0 16.0 8.0 29.0 0.0 0.0 55.0 8,085$ Senior Project Coordinator 164$ 18.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.0 2,952$ Project Coordinator 135$ 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 2,700$ Total Hours 197 57 440 764 326 0 0 1,784 Total Labor 52,100$ 16,385$ 89,236$ 179,974$ 72,530$ -$ -$ 410,225$ Average Hourly Rate 230$ Subconsultants DHA Surveyors -$ -$ 44,550$ -$ -$ -$ -$ 44,550$ Cross Engineers 1,300$ -$ 500$ 2,100$ -$ -$ -$ 3,900$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ Geotech Driller -$ -$ 6,200$ -$ -$ -$ -$ 6,200$ Geotech Lab -$ -$ 6,800$ -$ -$ -$ -$ 6,800$ Total Cost 1,300$ -$ 58,050$ 2,100$ -$ -$ -$ 61,450$ Markup 10.0% 130$ -$ 5,805$ 210$ -$ -$ -$ 6,145$ Internal Reimbursables (no markup) Mileage ($/mile) $0.700 -$ 84$ 252$ -$ -$ -$ -$ 336$ External Expenses (markup) Miscellaneous 500$ -$ 100$ -$ -$ -$ -$ 600$ Total Cost 500$ 84$ 352$ -$ -$ -$ -$ 936$ Markup (External Expenses Only)10.0% 50$ -$ 10$ -$ -$ -$ -$ 60$ Field Equipment and Supplies Summary (include separate backup if needed)-$ -$ 800$ -$ -$ -$ -$ 800$ Markup 10.0% -$ -$ 80$ -$ -$ -$ -$ 80$ Technology Fee (of billed labor)5.0% 2,605$ 819$ 4,462$ 8,999$ 3,627$ -$ -$ 20,511$ TOTAL COSTS 56,685$ 17,288$ 158,795$ 191,283$ 76,157$ -$ -$ 500,207$ Scope of Work Northeast Renton Park Design and Permitting Page 1 of 1 Juy 2025 NE RENTON PARK PSA EXHIBIT A AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) August 2024 Northeast Renton Park Master Plan AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan August 2024 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The City of Renton gratefully acknowledges the contributions of the following individuals and groups who have made this Master Plan possible: City of Renton Parks and Recreation Maryjane Van Cleave, Parks and Recreation Administrator Cailín Hunsaker, Parks and Trails Director Jennifer Spencer, Acting Recreation Director Jason Lederer, Parks Planning Manager and Project Manager Betsy Severtsen, Capital Project Coordinator Ian Gray, Urban Forestry and Natural Resources Manager Steve Brown, Parks Maintenance Manager Bryce Goldmann, Parks Maintenance Supervisor David Peterson, Parks Maintenance Supervisor Rhemy King, Neighborhood Programs Coordinator Gabriela Golzarian, Inspecting Arborist Mikaela Goodwin, Community Engagement Leader Claire Wilkinson, Community Engagement Leader Community and Economic Development Alex Morganroth, Principal Planner Nathan Janders, Development Engineering Manager Samuel Stolmeier, Construction Engineer Public Works Joe Farah, Surface Water Engineering Manager Joe Stowell, Wastewater Utility Manager Ellen Talbo, Transportation Planning Manager Executive Services Angel Laycock, Communications Manager Samuel Severson, Communications Specialist Master Planning Consultant Team Anchor QEA (Prime Consultant) Anna Spooner, Principal Landscape Architect and Project Manager Rachel Andersen, Landscape Architect Zheng Fang, Senior Graphic Designer Ann Costanza, Principal Planner Reid Farnsworth, Landscape Designer Cat Wallace, Technical Editor Colleen Burner, Technical Editor Clearway Environmental Chad Durand, Environmental Manager Rachel Crowley, Environmental Scientist Jim Hearsey, Environmental Scientist AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan i August 2024 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Over the last 30 years, the City of Renton has acquired an 18.5-acre assemblage of parcels with the intent to develop a new park in Northeast Renton. Located along May Creek and within the May Valley Urban Separator, this new park will support the broader May Creek Greenway vision and action plan, which aims to conserve and restore habitat, and create a trail corridor extending from the mouth of May Creek at Lake Washington eastward to King County’s Cougar Mountain Regional Wildland Park. Situated within the City’s East Plateau planning area, this new park will fill a notable gap in a community currently underserved by parks, where many residents lack easy access to recreational spaces within a quarter-mile or even half-mile of their homes. The new Northeast Renton Park offers the City a unique opportunity to act on its mission to provide exceptional parks and recreational opportunities that enrich the health, wellness, and quality of life for all Renton residents while ensuring equitable access and the preservation of its natural resources and history. The master planning process, which initiated in the fall of 2023, was strategically timed following the recent acquisition of a new park parcel. Initial outreach and engagement efforts aimed to a refine a park vision and develop a design to meet a variety of goals and needs. The effort also aligned with both new and longstanding obligations, including those tied to grants from the Washington State AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan ii August 2024 Recreation and Conservation Office dating back to the early 1990s, which require timely development of outdoor recreation facilities. The master planning process also drew upon the 2020 Parks, Recreation, and Natural Areas Plan, which had outlined an early concept for the park featuring conserved forested upland, riparian, and wetland areas, winding trails, and a central amenity space. From fall of 2023 through spring of 2024, the City engaged stakeholders and the community to gather input on opportunities and design concepts for the new Northeast Renton Park. The result is a park Master Plan and concept design that honors the unique landscape and offers a blend of active and passive recreation, including a comprehensive trail network through restored and enhanced habitats. The Master Plan not only advances goals for habitat conservation and trail connectivity but also addresses the broader needs of the community and fulfills long-term grant obligations. Guided by Renton Parks and Recreation’s commitment to sustainability, the plan balances three core priorities: enhancing community health and wellness, fostering environmental resilience, and promoting social equity. These principles are woven into the park’s design and development, ensuring it meets today’s recreational needs while contributing to a sustainable and inclusive future for all Renton residents. Furthermore, it aligns with key goals from the 2020 Parks, Recreation, and Natural Area Plan, including Filling Gaps in Service, Creating a Connected System, and Protecting and Conserving Natural Resources. The design concept includes parking for vehicles, accessible pedestrians and cyclist access points, restrooms, picnic shelters and seating, and a large nature play area. A network of paths and trails – featuring paved, soft surface, and raised boardwalks – will guide visitors through diverse landscapes and habitat areas, including forested slopes, wetlands, and scenic viewpoints of May Creek. Future parcel acquisition may allow for additional amenities such as sports courts, an off-leash dog area, and environmental education opportunities. The estimated total project cost for the design, permitting, and implementation ranges between $6,820,000 and $8,130,000. The low-end cost reflects the installation of portable toilets with a custom enclosure structure and does not include park improvements on the future parcel. The high-end cost reflects the installation of a restroom with a sewer connection and a full build out of the future parcel. Trail concept at the Northeast Renton’s new park AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan iii August 2024 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... i INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 1 1 VISION .......................................................................................................................................... 5 2 ENGAGEMENT ............................................................................................................................ 7 2.1 Community and Stakeholder Groups .......................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Community Engagement ................................................................................................................................. 8 2.3 City Stakeholder Engagement ..................................................................................................................... 11 3 PARK ELEMENTS ...................................................................................................................... 13 3.1 Access ................................................................................................................................................................... 16 3.2 Trails, Boardwalks, and Nodes ..................................................................................................................... 17 3.3 Public Safety ....................................................................................................................................................... 21 3.4 Habitat Enhancement ..................................................................................................................................... 21 3.5 Recreation and Amenity Areas .................................................................................................................... 22 3.6 Additional Park Features ............................................................................................................................... 23 3.7 Future Potential Expansion Area ................................................................................................................ 25 4 COST SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... 26 4.1 Construction Costs ........................................................................................................................................... 26 4.2 Design, Permit, and Management Fees ................................................................................................... 29 4.3 Cost Escalation .................................................................................................................................................. 29 5 IMPLEMENTATION .................................................................................................................. 31 5.1 Permit Feasibility .............................................................................................................................................. 31 5.2 Phasing Considerations ................................................................................................................................. 34 5.3 Funding Opportunities ................................................................................................................................... 35 6 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 37 TABLES Table 1 Key Stakeholders, Community Groups, and Staff ......................................................................... 8 Table 2 Master Plan OPCC Summary ............................................................................................................... 27 Table 3 Park Development and Habitat Enhancement OPCC Summary ......................................... 27 AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan iv August 2024 Table 4 Design, Permit, and Management Fee Summary ...................................................................... 29 Table 5 Total Master Plan Cost with Escalation Summary ...................................................................... 30 Table 6 Environmental Permitting Requirements ...................................................................................... 32 Table 7 Potential Grant Funding Sources ....................................................................................................... 35 FIGURES Figure 1 Future Park Location .................................................................................................................................. 2 Figure 2 Park Planning Area Boundary and Adjacent Properties ............................................................. 3 Figure 3 Community Engagement Summary .................................................................................................... 9 Figure 4 Community Engagement Summary ................................................................................................. 10 Figure 5 Preferred Concept Plan .......................................................................................................................... 14 Figure 6 Preferred Concept Sections ................................................................................................................. 15 Figure 7 Trail Map ....................................................................................................................................................... 18 APPENDICES Appendix A Existing Information Summary Report Appendix B Conceptual Design Alternatives Appendix C Community Engagement Data Appendix D City Stakeholder Meeting Notes Appendix E Opinion of Probable Costs AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan v August 2024 ABBREVIATIONS ADA Americans with Disabilities Act City City of Renton CPTED Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design CWA Clean Water Act CZMA Coastal Zone Management Act DAHP Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation Department City of Renton Parks and Recreation Department Ecology Washington State Department of Ecology EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ESA Endangered Species Act FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency Greenway May Creek Greenway JARPA Joint Aquatic Resources Permit Application LID Low-Impact Development Master Plan Northeast Renton Park Master Plan NEPA National Environmental Policy Act NFWF National Fish and Wildlife Foundation NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System OPCC Opinion of Probable Construction Costs Park Northeast Renton Park PEM palustrine emergent marsh PFO palustrine forested wetland PSS palustrine scrub shrub RCO Recreation and Conservation Office RCW Revised Code of Washington SEPA State Environmental Policy Act USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service WDFW Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 1 August 2024 INTRODUCTION The City of Renton (City) intends to develop a new park in Northeast Renton. Led by the City’s Parks and Recreation Department (Department), which has facilitated acquisition of the land comprising the planning area since the early 1990s, the Northeast Renton Park (Park) Master Plan (Master Plan) is an early step to develop a vision and concept design for the future Park. Nestled between May Creek to the north, Duvall Avenue NE to the southwest, and Renton’s East Plateau neighborhood to the south and east (see Figure 1), the proposed Park presents a unique blend of landscapes—forests and clearings, wetlands and streams, two previously developed home sites, and rolling topography— and the Master Plan presents an opportunity to restore and enhance these landscapes while also expanding Northeast Renton’s recreation options. The City’s 1978 Comprehensive Park & Recreation Plan identified the May Creek Greenway (Greenway), extending from the mouth of May Creek at Lake Washington east to King County’s Cougar Mountain Regional Wildland Park. The Greenway includes May Creek and its adjacent riparian setback. Over the last nearly 40 years, the cities of Renton and Newcastle, as well as King County, have acquired lands along the Greenway with a vision to conserve and enhance the corridor’s ecological function, develop a pervious trail system to connect communities with nature and provide opportunities for Photograph 1 AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 2 August 2024 environmental access and education, and support the broader water quality and conservation goals of the May Creek Basin Action Plan. Portions of the Greenway’s trail have been developed, and there are plans to connect this trail to the to the Eastside Rail Corridor (City of Renton 2024). The Master Plan offers a distinct opportunity to support the Greenway vision in Renton with outdoor recreation and to create a stronger connection between the Renton community and the surrounding ecosystem. Notably, the future Park is located in an area of Renton that is currently underserved by parks and open space (City of Renton 2020), and the Master Plan provides the City the opportunity to support its growing and diverse population through the development of a new park. Figure 1 Future Park Location Immediately to the north and west of the Park and along Duvall Avenue NE and Coal Creek Parkway SE is the City of Newcastle boundary and its May Creek Park (Figure 2). This existing park encompasses 3,100 acres and includes a trail system within the Greenway. Both Newcastle’s May Creek Park and the planned City of Renton Park fall within the Lake Washington/Cedar River/Sammamish River watersheds and Water Resource Inventory Area 8. May Creek is the third largest tributary to Lake Washington, draining the area west of Issaquah Creek and north of Cedar River, flowing through both Newcastle and Renton. The Park is located approximately 4 miles from Lake Washington. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 3 August 2024 The Master Plan considers the entire 18.5 acres identified for a future park. As shown in Figure 2, most of this area is owned by the City of Renton, with a 1.7-acre parcel in the northwest corner still in private ownership. The City is discussing a future acquisition with the current owner of the parcel. The City also owns the parcel to the northwest of the future Park. Managed by the City’s Surface Water department, this 6.4-acre parcel includes a stormwater pond, access road, and open space. Figure 2 Park Planning Area Boundary and Adjacent Properties Note: Map provided by the City of Renton This Master Plan defines the future Park’s vision (Section 2). Heavily informed by community and City stakeholder input (Section 3), the Master Plan describes proposed Park elements (Section 4); provides a comprehensive summary of the Park’s construction costs (Section 5); and outlines an implementation strategy including permit feasibility, phasing considerations, and funding opportunities (Section 6). The Master Plan is supported by five appendices capturing specific input and technical documentation, including the following: • Appendix A: Existing Information Summary Report summarizes the existing information gathered to inform the Master Plan and to identify data gaps. This includes data layers for the AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 4 August 2024 Park basemap at neighborhood and site scales, desktop geotechnical and cultural resource technical assessments, and a natural resource inventory. • Appendix B: Conceptual Design Alternatives provides an overview of the Park’s opportunities and constraints analysis and reviews, describes the design criteria matrix used for decision-making, and reviews two design alternatives considered during master planning. • Appendix C: Community Engagement Data summarizes methods used to reach out to the community to hear input on the future Park design. • Appendix D: City Stakeholder Meeting Notes provides a summary of the discussion between the Master Plan team and City stakeholders that informed decision-making and the ultimate design. • Appendix E: Opinion of Probable Costs provides a breakdown of the probable costs as shown on the current preferred design. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 5 August 2024 1 VISION The planned new Park in Northeast Renton provides an opportunity to contribute to the Department’s vision to foster a vibrant, inclusive, and sustainable community through the enhancement of Renton's parks and recreational services, promoting history, health, equity, and environmental stewardship. Located within the defined Greenway and along May Creek’s riparian corridor, adjacent forest canopy, and wetland resources, there is a unique opportunity to harmoniously conserve, enhance, and steward these natural resources while thoughtfully balancing development of an accessible, inclusive, and safe park with defined recreation facilities and trails that provide a connection with nature for all Park goers. The future Park’s location in the East Plateau planning area is underserved by parks; residents do not have a park within a quarter mile or even half mile of their homes that is easily accessible (City of Renton 2020). Through a continuous engagement process focused on supporting design and programming for a new Park, the Department actively listened to stakeholders, partners, and, notably, Renton residents and future Park users, in support of the Department’s mission to provide exceptional parks and recreational opportunities that enrich the health, wellness, and quality Photograph 2 AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 6 August 2024 of life for all Renton residents while ensuring equitable access and the preservation of its natural resources and history. In addition to the new Park in Northeast Renton, the City is currently planning park expansion and renovation projects in other neighborhoods, including a new park in south Renton. The neighboring City of Newcastle is also considering new recreation amenities near its border with Renton, including a new recreational sport court facility and athletic fields along SE 95th Way, just a half mile from the Master Plan’s Park site. City Neighborhood Program coordinator, Rhemy King, presents design concepts to the community. Photograph 3 AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 7 August 2024 2 ENGAGEMENT During early stages of the master planning process, the City sought to develop a plan to equitably engage stakeholders, staff, and the community in order to incorporate feedback into the design process and inform the Park design. The City developed an adaptable communications framework for reaching stakeholders, staff, and community members who are invested in the Master Plan process. This section reviews the engagement strategy and summarizes what the City heard from the community and stakeholders. 2.1 Community and Stakeholder Groups The Master Plan team identified stakeholder and community groups who may be invested in the future Northeast Renton Park (Table 1). For each identified group, the City identified a method for outreach: stakeholder group meetings, community outreach through participation in local events and gatherings, and staff-to-staff engagement. Photograph 4 AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 8 August 2024 Table 1 Key Stakeholders, Community Groups, and Staff Group Stakeholder Engagement Community Outreach Staff-to-Staff Engagement City of Newcastle  King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks Funding  Local sporting groups  Environmental Science Center  Naturalist/environmental groups  Water Resource Inventory Area 8  Renton School District  Renton Senior Citizens Advisory Board  Renton Community Services Committee  Renton Parks Commission  Renton Adaptive Recreation Program  East Plateau neighborhood groups  Renton City Council members and Mayor  Coal Creek Utility District  Renton Urban Forestry and Natural Resource  Renton Public Works  Renton Community and Economic Development  Renton Police Department  Regional Fire Authority  The City then identified a three-touchpoint approach to structure the engagement. Each touchpoint is defined by a design milestone. At each touchpoint, the City planned to participate in community events, to attend a stakeholder meeting, and to engage with committees and groups to provide Master Plan information and review Master Plan developments. The three touchpoints included the following: • Touchpoint 1 – Review Site Analysis and Site Opportunities and Constraints – February 2024 • Touchpoint 2 – Review Conceptual Design Alternatives – March and April 2024 • Touchpoint 3 – Review Draft Preferred Design Concept – June 2024 2.2 Community Engagement To provide equitable engagement, the City utilized a multipronged approach to engage a wide and representative cross section of the community. All messaging directed the community to a dedicated project website serving as a central information sharing and community engagement platform with AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 9 August 2024 surveys, message boards, polls, and other tools to communicate directly with City project staff. As an initial engagement approach, direct mailings were sent to over 4,000 addresses within a quarter mile of the future Park site. The City identified key community events to attend and share Master Plan information. Master Plan representatives from the City set up tables and Master Plan information boards at local events. This included setting up at the Renton Community Center on Saturdays during Youth Basketball season and participating in Adaptive Recreation meetings on Thursdays at the Senior Center. The City was present on weekends at the Highland Neighborhood Center, set up a Master Plan booth at the City’s Sustainability Event, and was present at two farmers markets. Throughout the Master Plan, the City has also maintained a consistent online presence, posting updated Master Plan information such as conceptual design alternatives and polls for regular feedback on a dedicated project website, shared information in City newsletters and utility billings, and posted to City social media platforms. Figure 3 graphs the engagement over time, noting spikes during each touchpoint (a larger version of this figure is included in Appendix C). Between February 2023 and June 2024, the City’s project website received more than 7,000 page views (each time the website was visited including repeat views) and recorded over 3,000 unique visitors. Figure 3 Community Engagement Summary Community engagement during Touchpoint 2 presented two design options. Design Option 1 maximized ecological enhancements such as wetland and wetland buffer enhancements and provided trails and a central recreation node. Design Option 2 proposed more recreation including sport courts, more trails, and a larger central recreation area. During this Touchpoint, the City asked the community how much value they placed on a variety of Park elements, on a scale of “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree.” Figure 4 summarizes the feedback (a larger version of this figure is included in Appendix C). AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 10 August 2024 The public overwhelmingly supported additions such as trails and boardwalks, neighborhood and regional trail connections, access and views to May Creek, rain gardens and native plantings, and open lawn space. The responses were more neutral for elements such as an environmental education shelter, amphitheater, public art, cultural garden, and the addition of traditional park facilities. Responses were variable for elements such as tennis, pickleball, and basketball courts. Figure 4 Community Engagement Summary 2.2.1 Summary of Public Comments Throughout community engagement, participants commented on key themes. The following provides a high-level summary of the comments received. Appendix C provides a comprehensive summary of the engagement feedback. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 11 August 2024 2.2.1.1 Nature and Trails Engagement results indicate the public overwhelmingly supports trails and access to nature as a focus of the Park. Participants commented on the desire for green spaces and natural areas to be preserved and for the development of walking trails and boardwalks connecting the new Park to City of Newcastle trails and other nearby trails. Participants also favorably commented on stewardship and environmental education, in the form of an environmental education center, outdoor classroom, and educational signs. This theme extended to a nature play area for children, as well. However, there was some concern expressed about the nearby stormwater pond attracting mosquitoes, built trails affecting wetlands, and some expressed concern that introducing lighting to the Park may disturb the existing wildlife along the adjacent Greenway corridor. 2.2.1.2 Recreation Facilities Engagement results yielded mixed opinions for what recreation facilities should be included in the Park. The public expressed that they would prefer a permanent restroom over portable toilets, picnic shelters, grills, outdoor exercise equipment, and public art. They also wanted a children’s nature play area with swings, rock climbing, and a zipline. Sports facilities, including pickleball and basketball courts, a skatepark, disc golf, pump track, and an open sports field were also requested. The idea of an off-leash dog park was met with both approval and concern, with some expressing that this was an important necessity and amenity for the community, and others were concerned about pet feces accumulating and the fear that a dog park would attract additional dogs to an otherwise sensitive natura area. 2.2.1.3 Parking and Access The public had some concerns about the proposed parking and access and requested additional parking spaces, as well as safe crossings along Coal Creek Parkway. They expressed the importance of being able to connect new Park trails to the existing network of trails east and west of the Park. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)-compliant trail access was an important element to the public, as well as public transit access and bicycle access including bicycle parking. 2.2.1.4 Safety Safety concerns were brought up frequently and were of high importance to the public. Concerns about vandalism and the potential for homeless encampments were expressed, as well as fear about car break-ins, graffiti, and other crime. The public had a strong desire to make sure the Park was welcoming, maintained, and safe for their families and children. 2.3 City Stakeholder Engagement As discussed previously in this section, the City created a stakeholder group and held a meeting at each touchpoint to review the Master Plan and seek input. Stakeholders included City representatives AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 12 August 2024 from Renton Parks and Recreation, Neighborhood Programs and Urban Forestry, Community and Economic Development, and Public Works. At each of the stakeholder group meetings, Anchor QEA led with a presentation including updates to the Park master planning process along with details on Park elements, programming, and design criteria and included a summary of collected data from community outreach events. A discussion followed with time for questions and concerns. Appendix D provides meetings notes summarizing each meeting and discussion. In addition to the City stakeholder meetings, there were also presentations to the Parks Commission and Community Services Committee throughout the Master Plan process. All meetings were open to the public. Parks Commission presentations occurred on October 17, 2023; March 12, 2024; and June 11, 2024. Community Services Committee presentations occurred on January 8, 2023, and June 10, 2024. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 13 August 2024 3 PARK ELEMENTS The proposed Park conceptual design combines a large network of trails through forests, wetlands, and along view corridors, while being careful to minimize disturbances to wetland and stream buffers as much as possible. Future trail connections are identified to the east. Areas for habitat restoration and enhancement are called out along May Creek, throughout wetlands and buffers, and throughout forested and riparian areas. A large central area contains all active recreation, including a large nature play area, portable toilets, a picnic shelter, parking for 20 vehicles in a paved lot, along with up to 12 parallel-parking spaces along the Park access road. The current privately-owned parcel contains a potential off-leash dog park and an open space that could be developed with additional Park amenities in the future. The design also includes lighting in the parking area, public art, wayfinding, trailhead kiosks and educational signage, and rain gardens. The following sections provide an overview of the proposed design elements including specific design criteria for each element, an important tool for decision making during the master planning process. Refer to Appendix B for details on the design process that led to the proposed conceptual design. Photograph 5 AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 14 August 2024 Figure 5 Preferred Concept Plan AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 15 August 2024 Figure 6 Preferred Concept Sections Note: Figure shows section cuts. AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 16 August 2024 3.1 Access Future trail connections to the east and west are proposed as separate potential developments, with hope for access to Newcastle’s May Creek Park and associated trail network. This connection would likely consist of a trail connection to the west under the Coal Creek Parkway SE bridge. A trail connection to the east via a series of land tracts associated with the Langley Ridge subdivision, all having a 15-foot-wide easement specifically for the development of a public trail (refer to Langley Ridge at May Creek Plat – Recording No. 20080212000465), provides additional options for access and routes to the nearby King County trail network. These trail connections encourage regional access in alignment with the 2019 Renton Trails and Bicycle Master Plan (City of Renton 2019) by connecting the Park to the Greenway and offering users the opportunity to access trails that stretch from Lake Washington to Cougar Mountain. The Master Plan provides direct access to the neighborhood just south of the Park site, adjacent to Duvall Avenue NE using a walkable route from the dense residential area to the Park. In addition, the Master Plan identifies the need for a new safe crossing at 24th Street and Duvall Avenue NE to improve safety and allow pedestrians to access the existing sidewalk on the west side of Duvall Avenue NE as they walk north to the Park entry. Vehicular access is provided in the Master Plan through an improved access road and a new parking area with space for 20 vehicles, including two ADA stalls, and a firetruck turnaround. The access road includes a crushed gravel shoulder wide enough to accommodate 12 additional parallel-parking spots during peak visiting time. In addition, bike parking is provided near where the access road terminates near the Park’s proposed trailhead. Access Design Criteria • Connect to existing May Creek Greenway trails • Provide trail connections to Renton neighborhoods • Provide parking • Avoid impact to adjacent properties AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 17 August 2024 To treat stormwater generated within the Park, Low-Impact Development (LID) elements are proposed. Rain gardens and vegetated swales run along the proposed access road and the Park area to intercept, convey, and treat stormwater runoff from the proposed impervious surfaces. The LID features will also reduce flooding and erosion during large rain events. There is also the opportunity to use permeable paving such as permeable pavers or permeable asphalt as the surfacing for trails and the parking area. 3.2 Trails, Boardwalks, and Nodes In addition to increasing access to the Park, an extensive trail system is proposed within the Park. The trail system includes a mile of trail loops and segments with access to the site’s wetlands, riparian forest and down to the May Creek floodplain (Figure 7). Rain gardens along parking area Photograph 6 Trail Design Criteria • Maximize trail development within the Park • Consider permit feasibility AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 18 August 2024 Figure 7 Trail Map AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 19 August 2024 The Wetland Loop Trail is approximately 0.4 mile long. It begins near the active recreation area at the trailhead kiosk and loops along and through a series of wetland complexes. The trail alternates between a 5-foot-wide crushed gravel trail and a raised 5-foot-wide composite boardwalk in wetland areas, both ADA-accessible. The boardwalk would be built on enclosed floatation-filled recycled tires and treated timber sleepers and joists to minimize impacts to the sensitive habitat. The trail design is intended to maximize views of the wetland’s reeds, cattails, and native animals and birds. The May Creek Access Trail begins near the active recreation area and is approximately 0.08 mile long. This trail is a 5-foot-wide permeable gravel trail with sections of stairs where slopes are too steep to accommodate a gravel trail. The trail loops away from the active area along a section of historical roadway, alongside a steep slope, eventually declining into a flat floodplain of mossy trees, ferns, and skunk cabbage. The trail terminates at a large viewing area oriented toward May Creek. Though this trail is not ADA-accessible due to existing steep terrain, all efforts would be made to make it as user-friendly as possible. The Forest Trail starts at the alternative Park entrance at the southwest corner of the Park and ends at the main trailhead near the parking area. This trail is approximately 0.23 mile long with an elevation change of approximately 60 feet. This trail is also a 50-foot-wide gravel trail with sections of stairs. It loops through a forest of mixed deciduous and conifer trees with a native understory of ferns, salmonberry, and vine maple. Similar to the May Creek Access Trail, the Forest Trail is not ADA-accessible due to existing steep terrain; all efforts would be made to make it as user-friendly as possible. Paved Park trails provide ADA connections between the Park entry and parking area to all active areas including the play area, trailhead kiosk, picnic shelter, and future development area. These trails are hard-surface trails and 5 feet wide. Example of wetland boardwalk Example of permeable trail through a restored habitat Photograph 7 Photograph 8 AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 20 August 2024 Trail nodes are widened gathering spaces that have been placed at regular intervals and at intersections of the proposed trails. These nodes provide a place to rest on a bench, take in the views, reorient, or read through cultural or environmental information provided by interpretive signage. Nodes take the form of both surface-level, gravel spaces and elevated boardwalk viewing platforms. Trailhead and wayfinding signage will be placed strategically along the trail system. A large entry trailhead kiosk is proposed near the parking area. This kiosk may include a map of the Park with distances and directional information, along with relevant information about the history and ecology of the Park. Smaller trailhead portal post signs will be placed at the beginning of each trail loop or section and at junction points along the trails. These portal posts will provide wayfinding for visitors to use to orient themselves and select a walking route. Interpretive signage will be placed at nodes and viewpoints to give visitors a deeper understanding of and appreciation for the history and ecology of the site. All trails have been proposed to provide access to a variety of habitats and views while minimizing negative impacts to critical wetlands, streams, slopes, and buffers. This will also increase permit feasibility and decrease costs. In addition, all trails proposed within buffers are pervious or natural surfacing such as crushed stone or wood chips. Example of a trailhead kiosk Sketch of potential portal post in the Park Photograph 9 AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 21 August 2024 3.3 Public Safety Several safety elements are proposed including the use of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED). This concept is based in the idea that crime can be prevented through the use of strategic design of buildings and public spaces. It involves simple, preventive steps that designers can take to reduce crime in parks and neighborhoods. These steps include guiding how people enter and leave a space to decrease opportunities for criminal activity, natural surveillance and clear sight lines, defined property lines and clear distinctions between private and public spaces, regular maintenance to encourage the appearance that the Park is valued, and regular activity to keep the Park activated and in use (CPTED 2024). In addition to CPTED design integration, the design for the Park includes safety lighting and emergency beacons. Timed or motion-sensor light poles are placed in each of the eight corners of the parking area to discourage crime and increase safety. The lighting will be cast down to minimize light pollution impacts to neighbors and wildlife. Two solar-powered alert beacons are also proposed for high-traffic areas near the parking area. These beacons allow Park visitors to easily connect to emergency services. When someone presses the beacon’s large red button, the visitor is automatically connected to an emergency dispatch center. At the same time, the beacon’s strobe light activates, which helps emergency responders locate the visitor in need. 3.4 Habitat Enhancement In-stream and riparian enhancement and restoration is proposed along 280 linear feet of May Creek. In the early 2000s, as part of the May Creek Drainage and Restoration Plan recommendations, King County consulted with Anchor QEA to develop the May Creek Erosion Stabilization Report to identify conceptual stabilization actions within a portion of the ravine reach of May Creek between Coal Creek Parkway and 148th Avenue SE. The plan included a detailed site observation and evaluation to identify conceptual project sites and actions to reduce erosion and restore habitat (Anchor QEA 2010). Based off the recommendations made in this report, large woody debris will be placed along the creek edges to increase bank stability and create varied habitats within the creek for spawning Public Safety Design Criterion • Maximize public safety Habitat Enhancement Design Criteria • Maximize restoration and habitat enhancement • Maximize forest and habitat preservation AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 22 August 2024 salmon. Invasive species will be selectively removed and replaced with appropriate native riparian species such as willow, dogwood, and salmonberry. Nearly 7 acres of wetland and wetland buffer enhancement and restoration is proposed. This will take the form of invasive species removal and the installation of appropriate native species to improve habitat function and value. Habitat enhancement techniques and plantings will be informed by the types of wetlands including palustrine emergent marsh (PEM), palustrine scrub shrub (PSS), and palustrine forested wetland (PFO). Buffer plantings will include native shrubs, groundcovers, and trees. Approximately 6.1 acres of upland forest and understory enhancement and restoration is proposed along the site’s forested areas. Mature and desirable trees will be protected, and invasive species, primarily Himalayan blackberry and English ivy, will be removed. Native species will be installed to increase habitat and improve resiliency, including a diverse palette of deciduous and conifer trees and shrubs. 3.5 Recreation and Amenity Areas A proposed large nature play area will include play spaces to encourage exploration and adventure for a variety of ages. Climbing, swinging, and spinning equipment, along with a large zipline and sand pit, are proposed for a mix of activity types. Weather-resistant and easy to maintain materials such as metal, concrete, and robinia wood are proposed. The play area design also includes parent Example of nearby May Creek instream habitat Example of nearby May Creek trail naturalization Photograph 10 Photograph 11 Recreation and Amenity Area Design Criteria • Provide Park development for families • Provide Park facilities • Maximize open space for unprogrammed recreation • Consider value to cost AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 23 August 2024 seating around the perimeter. Engineered wood fiber surfacing will protect children from falls while a selection of trees placed around the playground will provide shade from the sun. A large picnic shelter with room for several picnic tables and ample gathering is proposed close to the play area and parking. This shelter will be designed with open walls and a rustic style to fit the intended natural Park aesthetic. Picnic tables and seating will be provided in and adjacent to the shelter along with grills and trash receptacles (see “Site Furnishings” in the next subsection). A large open lawn space is provided near the entry, parking, and play area. This unprogrammed space could be used for picnics, gathering, parties, frisbee, or just relaxing and exploring. It is relatively flat, with a perimeter of native trees and shrubs to provide shade and privacy from the neighborhood. Future active recreation has been considered and may take place on the adjacent parcel when it is acquired. This may be in the form of sports courts, including tennis, pickleball, and basketball courts. A cultural propagation garden or outdoor classroom were also considered. 3.6 Additional Park Features Example of nature play area Large rustic picnic shelter Photograph 12 Photograph 13 Design Criteria for Additional Park Features • Provide environmental education and stewardship • Provide public art and placemaking AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 24 August 2024 Durable environmental education and interpretive signage is proposed with a trailhead kiosk, interpretive and educational signage, and portal posts. Interpretive signage could speak to the area’s history and culture and placed in areas of historical significance. Educational signage on the plant and animal species found in the Park could be placed at nodes and viewing decks. These signs could include QR codes to find additional information online. Public art throughout the Park will add a sense of place. The City could commission local and Tribal artist to create site specific art work. Potential art themes could focus on the site’s long ecological, cultural, and historic timeline. There is a potential for an art walk program in the Park where permanent plinths provide a foundation for temporary sculptural displays. Site furnishings will be provided throughout the Park in a variety of settings. Benches made from durable, appropriate materials will be placed along trails and at nodes to allow for resting spots at regular intervals. Picnic tables and grills will be provided in and adjacent to the picnic shelter and open lawn space for gatherings and picnicking. Trash cans and dog waste receptacles will be provided at the parking area, trailheads, dog park enclosure, and at the picnic shelter to encourage disposal of waste and for the convenience of visitors. A proposed comfort station may take the form of two portable toilets within a toilet enclosure. Although this feature is not a fully plumbed restroom, it increases convenience and comfort for visitors, and the enclosure shields the toilets from view while improving the appearance with a sense of permanence. Example of Interpretive signage Public art Portable toilet with toilet enclosure Photograph 14 Photograph 15 Photograph 16 AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 25 August 2024 3.7 Future Potential Expansion Area A potential sewer connection and Portland Loo may take the place of a portable comfort station. This option would provide greater convenience for visitors but would require additional clearing of vegetated and forested areas (including the removal of mature trees) for the installation of a sewer line that would connect to the existing system south of the Park. A lateral line routed along the steep slope would provide an opportunity to provide a new permanent restroom facility. The Portland Loo is an easy to clean, stand-alone bathroom designed to prevent problems that are commonly experienced with public toilets. The design discourages crime with graffiti-proof wall panels and open grating. A 1/3-acre enclosed off-leash dog area is proposed for the site on the future acquisition parcel. This location was chosen to provide separation from other site programming and environmentally sensitive areas while still maintaining close proximity to the entry and parking lot. This location is also flat and previously disturbed, making it a preferred location within the planning area. Secure double gated entry and dog waste receptacles along with seating will be provided. Trees and shrubs will provide areas of shade and exploration while open grassy areas will be provided to allow access to large sunny areas for running. Sports courts are an amenity that could be included in the future expansion area. The public has expressed interest in tennis, pickleball, and basketball courts. These courts may be individual, but the pickleball and tennis courts could be a combined feature. They would be placed in a flat, previously developed area to avoid further disturbance to environmentally sensitive areas. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 26 August 2024 4 COST SUMMARY The total project cost to implement the Master Plan ranges from $6,820,000 to $8,130,000 (rounded and in 2024 dollars). This total project cost includes the construction costs to implement the Master Plan vision and the fees to design, permit, and manage the work. The low end of the range assumes that a portable toilet enclosure is provided and a sewer connection is not installed. The low end of the range also assumes that proposed improvements on the future parcel are not included. The following provides additional details on the total project cost including a summary of the City’s escalation planning. 4.1 Construction Costs The Opinion of Probable Construction Costs (OPCC) provides rough order of magnitude costs for the construction of proposed Master Plan elements. Table 2 summarizes the costs based on the following categories: Park development and habitat enhancement costs are for all proposed design elements within the currently-owned City boundary; the custom toilet enclosure cost includes the cost to construct a structural enclosure to accommodate two portable toilets (and assumes there is no sewer connection); the sewer connection and restrooms costs assume that a new sewer DRAFT Photograph 20 Photograph 17 AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 27 August 2024 connection is provided to the Park site with a connection to the existing mainline south of the Park (it also includes the construction of a Portland Loo); finally, the Park expansion area presents a construction costs that accommodate future potential uses on this parcel as described in Section 4. See Appendix E for cost details. Table 2 Master Plan OPCC Summary Master Plan Design Elements OPCC 1 Park Development and Forest Enhancement $5,195,660 2. Potential Custom Toilet Enclosure $243,353 3. Potential Sewer Connection and Portland Loo $959,432 4. Future Potential Park Expansion Area $592,112 Total OPCC Low (Items 1 and 2) $5,439,013 Total OPCC High (Items 1, 3 and 4) $6,747,204 Table 3 provides a summary of the cost items included in the Park Development and Forest Enhancement OPCC. This does not include a restroom option (a custom toilet enclosure or Portland Loo). Table 3 Park Development and Habitat Enhancement OPCC Summary Element Cost Site Demolition and Clearing in Park Development Area $68,740 Temporary Facilities During Construction (e.g., Access, Fencing) $134,050 Earthwork $267,610 Utility Improvements (Stormwater, Electrical, Lighting and Communications) $343,920 Asphalt Paving and Pavement Markings $148,196 Trails, Bridges, and Viewing Areas $520,677 Site Furnishings and Signage $401,187 Play Area Surfacing and Equipment $229,982 Planting in Park Development Area $209,009 Irrigation in Park Development Area $165,000 In-Stream and Riparian Habitat Enhancement $105,084 Wetland and Wetland Buffer Enhancement $434,999 Forest Enhancement $85,914 Park Development and Habitat Enhancement Subtotal $3,114,367 Mobilization (10%)1 $311,437 Design Contingency (25%)2 $856,451 AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 28 August 2024 Element Cost Construction Contingency (10%)3 $428,225 Sales Tax (10.3%)4 $485,179 Total Park Development and Habitat Enhancement OPCC $5,195,660 Notes: 1. Mobilization is applied to the subtotal. 2. Design contingency is applied to the subtotal with mobilization. 3. Construction contingency is applied to the subtotal with mobilization and design contingency. 4. Sales tax is applied to the subtotal with mobilization, design contingency and construction contingency. The sales tax rate is the City of Renton’s 2024 sales tax rate. The OPCC for the Future Potential Park Expansion Area costs the multiple opportunities that could be constructed on the 1.7-acre parcel. This includes a new dog park, trail connection, open lawn area, and Park plantings, as well as two tennis courts (accommodating four pickleball courts). The ultimate cost for the Future Potential Park Expansion Area will depend on which Park amenities and features are included. The OPCC assumes 2024 dollars and does not include future inflation. The OPCC does include the following markups: • 10% Contractor mobilization • 25% design contingency • 10% construction contingency • 10.3% sales tax The design contingency reflects the early level of design and level of uncertainty. For example, a site survey has not yet been completed, and the design may need to be revised to adapt to actual site conditions based on a survey. These changes could result in additional construction costs. During design development and final design, the design contingency will go down. At the time of bidding, the design contingency will be at zero. The construction contingency reflects that certain changes or refinements to the design may need to be completed during construction to reflect new information identified by the Contractor in the field. For example, the Contractor could uncover buried debris that needs to be removed and hauled off site. It is recommended that the City retain sufficient budget as a construction contingency for the duration of the Master Plan’s design. The OPCC does not include costs related to design/engineering, design phase Master Plan management, survey, planning and design review, bidding, construction phase Master Plan management and administration, construction inspection, environmental permitting, permit related monitoring, and property purchase. These fees are summarized in the following Section 4.2. The current OPCC also does not include water connection utility connections, portable restroom toilet AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 29 August 2024 units, public art, signage design, demolition of the existing houses and accessory buildings, or demolition of existing foundations. The OPCC assumes no contamination is encountered on the site and does not include costs for environmental cleanup. In providing OPCCs, the Client (City of Renton) understands that the Consultant (Anchor QEA, Inc.) has no control over the cost or availability of labor, equipment, or materials, or over market condition or the Contractor's method of pricing, and the Consultant's opinions of probable construction costs are made on the basis of the Consultant's professional judgment and experience. The Consultant makes no warranty, expressed or implied, that the bids or the negotiated cost of the Work will not vary from the Consultant's opinion of probable construction cost. 4.2 Design, Permit, and Management Fees In order to develop the Master Plan to a bid-ready project, the City will need to design, permit, and manage the work. Table 4 summarizes the expected fees for planning purposes. Table 4 Design, Permit, and Management Fee Summary Service Estimated Fee Survey and Investigations $105,000 Design and Engineering $600,000 Environmental and Construction Permitting $200,000 Master Plan Management $150,000 Bidding and Construction Management $325,000 Total Fees $1,380,000 Note: Costs are rounded to nearest 1,000. 4.3 Cost Escalation As noted above, the total project cost is in 2024 dollars and does not account for future inflation. Inflation is variable based on external economic factors. Over the past 5 years, inflation has ranged considerably; between October 2022 and October 2023, inflation in the construction industry was 7.76% in the Seattle region (Basnet 2024). Since that time of high inflation, rates are more moderate, ranging between 4% and 5% (Minnick 2024). The City is budgeting for moderate cost escalation in the near term, with a 5% escalation rate per year to account for inflation. Table 5 applies a 5% escalation rate to the total project cost over the next 5 years. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 30 August 2024 Table 5 Total Master Plan Cost with Escalation Summary Year Total Master Plan Cost with 5% Inflation per Year Low End High End 2024 $6,820,000 $8,130,000 2025 $7,160,000 $8,540,000 2026 $7,520,000 $8,970,000 2027 $7,900,000 $9,420,000 2028 $8,300,000 $9,890,000 Note: Costs are rounded to nearest 1,000. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 31 August 2024 5 IMPLEMENTATION 5.1 Permit Feasibility This section summarizes anticipated Master Plan environmental permitting requirements. Table 6 lists environmental permits anticipated to be required, along with the trigger for each. In addition to the environmental permits, the Master Plan would need to go through the City’s Site Plan Review process, including a pre-application, application, and application review to identify required construction permits such as the following: • Building permits • Trade permits (i.e., electrical, plumbing, mechanical, or fire suppression) • Street use or right-of-way permits • Utility, demolition, or air quality permits • Permits for geotechnical, potholing, or excavation work that is performed in support of the design process prior to construction • Additional permits for off-site staging associated with the future Master Plan Photograph 18 AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 32 August 2024 Table 6 Environmental Permitting Requirements Permit or Approval and Lead Agency Trigger Estimated Permit Timeframe Notes SEPA Review City of Renton Any proposal that requires a state or local agency decision to license, fund, or undertake a project, or the proposed adoption of a policy, plan, or program can trigger environmental review under SEPA. Schematic Design (30% design) A SEPA checklist is anticipated to be prepared by the City for public review and comment. The checklist will include Master Plan background information and an evaluation of impacts to environmental elements including earth, air, water, plants, animals, energy and natural resources, environmental health, land and shoreline use, housing, aesthetics, light and glare, recreation, historical and cultural preservation, transportation, public services, and utilities. The SEPA checklist may need to be supported by additional technical reports and/or technical memoranda to address specific disciplines. NEPA Review Federal Funding Agency1 and USACE Projects that receive federal funding Schematic Design The Master Plan will likely meet requirements for a Documented Categorical Exclusion. It may potentially instead require an Environmental Assessment. Note that USACE will also complete their own internal NEPA review during the Section 404 Individual Permit process for elements of the Master Plan under their jurisdiction—for example, filling of waters of the United States (wetlands). The Categorical Exclusion form may need to be supported by additional technical reports and/or technical memoranda to address specific disciplines. National Historic Preservation Act Section 106 Compliance DAHP and Native American Tribes Activities that may affect archaeological, cultural, or historic resources or sites Concurrent with NEPA or CWA Section 404 review A qualified archaeologist will be required to prepare a cultural resources memorandum that will support NEPA documentation and be provided to USACE as part of the Section 404 permit package. Preparation of the memorandum will require a review of the Master Plan plans, areas, and depth/extent of ground-disturbing activities. ESA compliance NMFS and USFWS Section 7 review is required for federal actions (funding, permit, or approval) that may affect any ESA-listed species or their critical habitat. Concurrent with NEPA or CWA Section 404 review Federal funding or permits will require compliance with Section 7 of the ESA. ESA-listed aquatic species are known to use downstream portions of May Creek. The Master Plan will require either a no-effect letter or a biological evaluation. If the Master Plan has federal funding, the funding agency will be the lead agency for ESA compliance. If the Master Plan does not have federal funding, USACE would be the lead agency for ESA compliance if a CWA Section 404 permit is required. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 33 August 2024 Permit or Approval and Lead Agency Trigger Estimated Permit Timeframe Notes Critical Areas Exemption and Other Permits City of Renton Alteration of a site with a critical area or buffer (RMC 4-3-050) Concurrent with SEPA review A Critical Areas Exemption authorizes work in streams, wetlands, and buffers. A Land Use Permit Master Application is submitted to City of Renton Community and Economic Development. The same application will also be used to obtain a Flood Hazard Permit. A completed tree retention work sheet must be included in the application. Note: The Master Plan is not within shoreline jurisdiction or aquifer protection areas. CWA Section 404 Individual Permit or Nationwide Permit USACE A discharge of dredged or fill material into waters of the United States, including wetlands Schematic Design If the Master Plan has 0.5 acre or less of fill in wetlands, it will likely require coverage under Nationwide Permit 42 Recreational Facilities. If a larger amount of fill in wetlands is required, a 404 Individual permit will be required. A JARPA form would be submitted to USACE. CWA Section 401 Water Quality Certification Ecology A 401 Water Quality Certification is required for all projects that require a USACE Section 404 permit. Schematic Design For work within federally regulated wetlands (i.e., adjacent to May Creek or within its floodplain), issuance of the 401 Water Quality Certification demonstrates that the Master Plan will comply with state water quality standards and other aquatic resource protection under Ecology’s regulatory authority. Procedurally, Ecology issues the 401 Certification before USACE can issue the Section 404 Individual Permit. Administrative Order Ecology An Administrative Order is required for work within non-federally regulated waters. Schematic Design For work within non-federally regulated wetlands (i.e., at wetlands not adjacent to May Creek and without a surface water connection to May Creek), an Administrative Order is required. Ecology determines whether the proposed work, as conditioned by the Administrative Order, will comply with the applicable provisions of 90.48 RCW and other applicable requirements of state law. CZMA Consistency Determination Ecology Triggered by projects that contain a federal nexus proposed within any of Washington's 15 coastal counties. Schematic Design Issuance of the CZMA Consistency Determination occurs as part of coordination with USACE and Ecology for the CWA Sections 404 and 401 processes described above. No separate application is required. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 34 August 2024 Permit or Approval and Lead Agency Trigger Estimated Permit Timeframe Notes Section 402 NPDES Construction Stormwater General Permit Ecology Soil disturbance of 1 acre or more during construction Issued for Bid contract documents An NPDES Construction Stormwater General permit is required for construction activities with any soil disturbance of 1 acre or more of total land and have a discharge of stormwater into surface waters or into storm drainage systems that discharge to a surface water. The permit will trigger need for a construction stormwater pollution prevention plan with a Best Management Practices plan that is linked to erosion and sediment control drawings and specifications in the construction Contract Documents. Hydraulic Permit Approval WDFW Work that uses, diverts, obstructs, or changes the natural flow or bed of state waters (i.e., work waterward of the ordinary high water mark) 45 days from SEPA determination issuance Note: 1. Federal funding agency (if any) has not been determined yet. 5.2 Phasing Considerations The City has considered phasing strategies to implement the Master Plan. Based on current ownership, the City has identified proposed Park development on the currently privately-owned 1.7 acre parcel as a future phase. This allows the City flexibility in the design approach for that future parcel as well as the opportunity to phase design and construction costs. The comfort station could also be phased. The City could provide a lower cost portable toilet restroom facility to the public in the Park’s first phase and then plan a future sewer connection and Portland Loo construction project in order to phase design and construction costs. Within the proposed Park Development and Habitat Enhancement areas, there could be opportunities to phase implementation if needed. This could include: • Trail Development – develop a phased strategy to build out the trail network within the Park and connections beyond the Park boundary. • Habitat Enhancement – implement habitat mitigation to offset Master Plan impacts and then phase future habitat stewardship such as invasive vegetation removal, native planting, and streambank and in-stream enhancements. Stewardship activities could be implemented on a AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 35 August 2024 separate schedule by a local organization such as the Washington Conservation Corps or with volunteers. 5.3 Funding Opportunities The City utilized the State Recreation and Conservation Office (RCO; formerly the Interagency Committee for Outdoor Recreation) to acquire much of the land composing the future Park. The RCO administers numerous grant funding programs that may be appropriate for supporting future development and/or parcel acquisition within the Park boundary. The City has successfully utilized grant funding from the King County Conservation Futures grant program on nearby parcels elsewhere along the Greenway. This grant has funded the protection of nearly 100,000 acres of land in the county, including lands at Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlands Park. The City’s focus on restoring and protecting the sensitive stream, riparian, wetland, and buffer habitats while also providing passive-use recreation in an underserved community has been considered and maintained throughout the master planning process to be consistent with the funding source. Looking to the future, King County Parks Levy funding source may be an option for design and implementation funding. Additionally, the Master Plan’s unique opportunity to improve the environment while also improving public access to the outdoors and public health will position it well for other local, state, and federal funding. Table 7 outlines funding mechanisms that could be applicable to various aspects of the Master Plan design and implementation. Table 7 Potential Grant Funding Sources Agency and Grant Program Eligible Project Types and Summary of Program Local King County Cooperative Watershed Management Grant The grant supports projects targeting salmon recovery and watershed health that can be focused on restoration, research, or education and outreach. Conservation Futures This funding program could support site stabilization costs including fencing, signage, and structure demolition implemented shortly after acquisition. 2020–2025 Parks, Recreation, Trails and Open Space Levy The voter-approved program includes funding for capital and open space, open space and river corridors, and healthy communities funds. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 36 August 2024 Agency and Grant Program Eligible Project Types and Summary of Program State RCO Aquatic Lands Enhancement Grants may be used for acquisition, improvement, conservation, and stewardship in Washington for protection of aquatic lands, natural areas, and wildlife habitats as well as promoting recreational opportunities for public purposes. Project types include conservation planning, habitat enhancement, shoreline restoration, water quality improvement, trail development, and stewardship opportunities. Land and Water Conservation Wildlife and Recreation Program Recreational Trails Program Salmon Recovery and Puget Sound Acquisition and Restoration Ecology Terry Husseman Account Grants support locally sponsored projects that restore or enhance the environment. Federal FEMA Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities Program The program aims to shift funding to proactive investment in community resilience and pre-disaster mitigation activities. NFWF America the Beautiful Challenge The program supports expanding access to the outdoors, particularly in underserved communities, in conservation and resiliency projects. EPA Puget Sound Action Agenda – Climate Resilient Riparian Systems Lead The program supports protection and restoration of riparian areas, including those supporting salmon recovery, to promote climate resiliency. NFWF National Fish and Wildlife Foundation The program supports projects that sustain, restore and enhance our nation's fish, wildlife and plants, and their habitats. USFWS North American Wetlands Conservation Act The program supports projects that protect, restore and enhance wetlands and associated uplands habitats for the benefit of all wetlands-associated migratory birds. National Wildlife Federation WaterSMART Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration The program supports aquatic ecosystem restoration and protection projects west of the Mississippi River. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 37 August 2024 6 REFERENCES Anchor QEA, 2010. May Creek Erosion Stabilization Draft Report. Prepared for King County. January 2010. Basnet, N., 2024. “Construction Costs in Seattle Outpace Rest of the Country.” Puget Sound Business Journal. January 17, 2024. Accessed August 7, 2024. Available at: https://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/news/2024/01/17/construction-costs-seattle.html. City of Renton, 2019, Renton Trails and Bicycle Master Plan. Adopted January 28, 2019. City of Renton, 2020. Renton Parks Recreation, and Natural Areas Plan. Adopted January 27, 2020. City of Renton, 2024. May Creek Greenway. City Website. Accessed July 2, 2024. Available at: https://www.rentonwa.gov/city_hall/parks_and_recreation/parks_and_trails/find_a_park_or_tra il/may_creek_greenway. CPTED (The International Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Association), 2024. Primer in CPTED. Accessed July 8, 2024. Available at: https://www.cpted.net/Primer-in-CPTED. Photograph 19 AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 38 August 2024 King County and City of Renton, 2001. May Creek Basin Action Plan. Adopted April 2001. Minnick, B., 2024. “Skanska Shares Its Outlook on Construction Cost Escalation.” Daily Journal of Commerce. February 27, 2023. Accessed August 7, 2024. Available at: https://www.djc.com/news/co/12154881.html. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan 39 August 2024 PHOTOGRAPHS Cover Photograph – Northeast Renton Park, summer 2023. Source: Anchor QEA. Photograph 1 – May Creek tributary, spring 2024. Source: Anchor QEA. Photograph 2 – Northeast Renton Park foliage, summer 2023. Source: Anchor QEA. Photograph 3 – Public engagement, spring 2024. Source: Jason Lederer. Photograph 4 – Public engagement, spring 2024. Source: Jason Lederer. Photograph 5 – May Creek, early spring 2024. Source: Jason Lederer. Photograph 6 – Rain gardens along parking area. Source: Anchor QEA. Photograph 7 – Example of wetland boardwalk. Source: Anchor QEA. Photograph 8 – Barbee Mill – May Creek Trail outfall to Lake Washington. Source: Jason Lederer. Photograph 9 – Example of trailhead kiosk. Source: Anchor QEA. Photograph 10 – Example of nearby May Creek instream habitat. Source: Jason Lederer. Photograph 11 – Example of nearby May Creek trail naturalization. Source: Jason Lederer. Photograph 12 – Philip Arnold Park in Renton, Washington. Source: Jason Lederer. Photograph 13 – Large rustic picnic shelter. Source: Anchor QEA. Photograph 14 – Example of interpretive signage. Source: South Australian History Network; https://www.flickr.com/photos/communityhistorysa/21271092130. Photograph 15 – Public art. Source: Anchor QEA. Photograph 16 – Portable toilet with toilet enclosure. Source: Anchor QEA. Photograph 17 – Northeast Renton Park, early spring 2024. Source: Clearway Environmental. Photograph 18 – May Creek, early spring 2024. Source: Jason Lederer. Photograph 19 – Northeast Renton Park foliage, summer 2023. Source: Anchor QEA. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) APPENDIX A EXISTING INFORMATION SUMMARY REPORT AGENDA ITEM #8. d) January 2024 May Creek Park Master Planning Project Existing Information Summary Prepared for City of Renton AGENDA ITEM #8. d) January 2024 May Creek Park Master Planning Project Existing Information Summary Prepared for City of Renton 1055 South Grady Way, Renton, Washington 98057 Prepared by Anchor QEA, LLC 1201 3rd Avenue, Suite 2600 Seattle, Washington 98101 AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary i January 2024 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1 2 Project Location ......................................................................................................................... 2 2.1 Basemap ................................................................................................................................................................. 4 2.2 May Creek Greenway ......................................................................................................................................... 6 3 Summary of Existing Documents ........................................................................................... 9 3.1 Ownership .............................................................................................................................................................. 9 3.2 Grant Funding ....................................................................................................................................................... 9 3.3 City Planning Documents .............................................................................................................................. 10 3.4 Regional Planning Documents .................................................................................................................... 15 4 Geotechnical Technical Assessment .................................................................................... 17 4.1 Existing Geological Conditions ................................................................................................................... 17 4.2 City Geological Critical Areas ....................................................................................................................... 17 5 Cultural Resources Technical Assessment ......................................................................... 19 5.1 Environmental and Cultural Context ......................................................................................................... 19 5.2 Archaeology ....................................................................................................................................................... 20 5.3 Historic Resources ............................................................................................................................................ 22 5.4 Traditional Cultural Properties and Cultural Landscapes .................................................................. 22 6 Site Reconnaissance and Natural Resource Inventory .................................................. 23 6.1 FLAT Assessment .............................................................................................................................................. 23 6.2 Wetland Reconnaissance .............................................................................................................................. 26 6.3 May Creek Conditions .................................................................................................................................... 27 6.4 Landmark Trees ................................................................................................................................................. 27 6.5 Land Cover and Site Features ...................................................................................................................... 28 7 Data Gaps .................................................................................................................................. 30 8 References ................................................................................................................................. 31 AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary ii January 2024 TABLES Table 1 Vicinity Map Data Sources ...................................................................................................................... 4 Table 2 Parcel Acquisitions ...................................................................................................................................... 9 Table 3 Critical Area Buffer Widths ................................................................................................................... 15 Table 4 Landmark Tree Inventory ...................................................................................................................... 28 FIGURES Figure 1 Project Location ........................................................................................................................................... 2 Figure 2 Project Vicinity Map ................................................................................................................................... 3 Figure 3 Project Basemap .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Figure 4 City of Newcastle’s May Creek Park and Trail................................................................................. 7 Figure 5 Trail Locations for Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park................................................... 8 Figure 6 2020 Parks, Recreation, and Natural Areas Plan Concept ...................................................... 11 Figure 7 Comprehensive Plan Land Use Map ................................................................................................ 12 Figure 8 Statewide Predictive Model for Precontact Archaeological Potential .............................. 21 Figure 9 Forest Landscape Assessment Tool (FLAT) Analysis ................................................................. 24 Figure 10 Forest Landscape Assessment Tool (FLAT) Map ........................................................................ 25 APPENDIX Appendix A Site Photographs AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 1 January 2024 1 Introduction This report summarizes existing information that will be used to support the May Creek Park Master Planning Project (Project). The Project is an initial step taken by the City of Renton (City) to develop a new neighborhood park. The information summarized in this report will be used to support site planning, the development of conceptual design alternatives, and the selection of a preferred conceptual design alternative. To inform a baseline understanding of the Project’s context and site conditions, the Project team has reviewed all existing documents provided by the City and known documents gathered from other publicly available sources, including a review of Project site ownership, grant funding, City planning documentation, and regional planning documentation. The report provides a narrative summary as well as a vicinity and site basemapping. As part of the existing information review, the Project team also conducted technical assessments to document geotechnical and cultural resources conditions and considerations. In addition, this report summarizes a site reconnaissance and natural resources inventory conducted in December 2023. The site reconnaissance focused on identifying and characterizing existing natural resources present at the sites including wetlands, May Creek, buffers, forest canopy, and other land covers. In addition to a narrative summary, the site reconnaissance findings are also presented in a site analysis and Project opportunities graphic. Finally, this report identifies data gaps that will need to be filled in future phases of May Creek Park design, permitting, and implementation. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 2 January 2024 2 Project Location May Creek Park (Park), located in Renton, King County, Washington, within the City’s East Plateau neighborhood, is an 18.5-acre assemblage of parcels acquired by the City over the last three decades (Figure 1). It is bordered by May Creek to the north, Duvall Avenue NE to the west, and residential neighborhoods to the south. To the northwest is the City’s Surface Water Utility Facility. The current Park boundary includes the most recently acquired property, a 1.8-acre parcel with an existing home, but does not include the adjacent 1.7-acre parcel with a single-family home that is immediately to the west. The City has plans to acquire the single-family home and property when it is available and to include that area within the future Park. Figure 1 Project Location Immediately to the north and west of the Park is the boundary of the City of Newcastle (Figure 2). Just across Coal Creek Parkway SE in Newcastle is a 3,100-acre park and trail system also called May Creek Park (City of Newcastle 2019). Both Newcastle’s May Creek Park and the new Park fall within the Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed and Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA) 8. May Creek is the third largest tributary to Lake Washington, draining the area west of Issaquah Creek and north of Cedar River, flowing through both Newcastle and Renton. The Park is located approximately 4 miles from Lake Washington. Figure 2 maps the Park boundary and vicinity and is at the neighborhood scale. Following Figure 2, Table 1 provides the data sources for the Project vicinity map. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 3 January 2024 Figure 2 Project Vicinity Map Note: Map elements provided by the City of Renton. AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) Existing Information Summary 4 January 2024 Table 1 Vicinity Map Data Sources Data Layer Data Source Aerial imagery Esri World Imagery (Bing Maps 2023) Parcels King County Parcel Viewer (King County 2023) Site boundary City of Renton COR Maps (City of Renton 2023a) City boundary Property Districts and boundaries Parks and Recreation Land Use and Zoning Critical Areas Telecommunications Transportation Elements Utilities Trees Erosion Hazard Floodway Regulated slopes Streams Wetlands Topography Site Survey Record of Survey for City of Renton (Pace 2023) 2.1 Basemap Figure 3 presents a Project basemap. The data compiled for this map were taken from Esri World Imagery (Bing Maps 2023), City COR Parcel Data, City COR Maps (City of Renton 2023a), the Record of Survey for City of Renton (Pace 2023), and many of the same data sources as summarized in Table 1. The map also includes the following data collected by Clearway Environmental (Clearway) during the site reconnaissance in December 2023 (Section 6): • Photo points • Wetland • Paved surfaces • Landscaped surfaces • Landmark trees • Trails • Invasive species threat (low, medium, high) • Tree composition (low, medium, high) • Tributaries and ditches • Points of interest The basemap will be used for master planning and conceptual design. In future phases of Project design and permitting, a site boundary and topography survey will need to be completed. Specific survey needs are noted as data gaps in Section 7. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 5 January 2024 Figure 3 Project Basemap Note: Map elements provided by the City of Renton. AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) Existing Information Summary 6 January 2024 2.2 May Creek Greenway The 1978 Comprehensive Park and Recreation Plan recognized May Creek Greenway as a valuable natural corridor. This corridor stretches across 8 miles from Cougar Mountain Regional Wildland Park and west to creek mouth on Lake Washington. Beginning in 1980, the cities of Renton and Newcastle, along with King County, began to acquire land along the May Creek Corridor in hopes of eventually creating a multijurisdictional soft-surface trail system. The vision is to create a large greenway system with an uninterrupted network of pervious trails, interpretive and educational opportunities, and habitat for spawning salmon and other native species. The greenway would also serve as flood and slope protection (City of Renton 2023d; Washington Trails Association 2023). 2.2.1 City of Newcastle’s May Creek Park May Creek Trail is located in May Creek Park in the City of Newcastle immediately west of the Park. It stretches from I-405 to Coal Creek Parkway and will share a border with the future section of the Park. The parkland surrounding the trail spans more than 3,100 acres (Figure 4). May Creek Trail is a 3.5-mile, roundtrip, soft-surface trail winding through a historical woodland that was once the workplace of coalminers. The trail follows the historical footprint of the Seattle-Walla Walla Railroad. The trail follows along the northern bank of May Creek, falling and gaining more than 585 feet in elevation and occasionally looping through clearings, crossing bridges, and even passing by a vintage rusted out van, but primarily staying within dense wooded areas. Terrace Trail and a greenbelt network of other trails can be accessed by crossing Coal Creek Parkway from May Creek Trail, which allows hikers to continue into Cougar Mountain Park (City of Newcastle 2019; Washington Trails Association 2023). AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 7 January 2024 Figure 4 City of Newcastle’s May Creek Park and Trail Source: https://data-newcastlewa.opendata.arcgis.com 2.2.2 Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park The King County-owned, 3,000-plus acre Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park is located in an area known as the Issaquah Alps in Renton. It is a short hike or bike ride from May Creek Park. Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park is home to more than 35 miles of trails that wind through dense second-growth forests and wetlands, along streams, and include landmarks such as cliffs and caves. The park boundary and trail locations are identified in Figure 5. Many of the trails feature viewpoints of nearby lakes, mountain ranges, and city skylines, while others are deep in the wilderness with no hint of nearby urban living (King County 2023a). The trails closest to the Park are Terrace Trail and Newcastle Highlands Trail, the De Leo Wall Loop and De Leo Wall Trail, Indian Trail, and Ballybunion Trail (AllTrails 2023). Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park is connected to Squak Mountain and Tiger Mountain, which adds up to more than 5,000 acres of protected public land. These trails and natural areas can be reached from May Creek Park by hiking or bicycling along the Crosstown Trail and Terrace Trail in conjunction with short distances on city streets. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 8 January 2024 Figure 5 Trail Locations for Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park Source: AllTrails 2023 AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 9 January 2024 3 Summary of Existing Documents The Project team reviewed relevant background materials provided by City staff, which are publicly available. This section provides a summary of these materials. 3.1 Ownership Table 2 summarizes parcels acquired by the City for the future Park. The list totals 18.22 acres of land currently acquired and a trail easement connecting to the parcel assemblage across privately owned adjacent parcels to the east. Table 2 Parcel Acquisitions Parcel Name Parcel/Recording Number Year Acquired Acreage McAskill Parcel 032305-9287 1994 10 Langley Ridge Trail Easement 20080212000465 2008 15-foot easement area undefined Property Exchange Conversion N/A 2012 0.06 Donated parcel 3424059164 2013 2.5 Donated parcel 0323059005 2015 4 2718 Duvall Avenue NE Parcel 032305-9164 2023 1.66 Note: N/A: not available 3.2 Grant Funding The City has applied for and won several grants to acquire land for and complete improvements to the Park. The following grants were awarded: • RCO Grant, 1991, May Creek Trail (RCO Project No. 91-259): $169,200 (50% of total cost) through the State of Washington for the acquisition of approximately 19 acres of land (six separate parcels) to adjoin the May Creek/Honey Creek Green Belt in North Renton (May Creek Trail 1991) • RCO Grant,1994, May Creek Trail (RCO Project No. 92-298): $90,573.96 (50% of total cost) through the State of Washington for the acquisition of 10 acres of land (six separate parcels) to adjoin the May Creek/Honey Creek Green Belt in North Renton (May Creek Trail 1994) These grants came with long-term obligations that the projects be completed in a timely manner and for outdoor recreation purposes (Washington State Recreation and Conservation Office 2023). For acquisition grants, property must be obtained within a required period of time. For recreation AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 10 January 2024 projects, grant recipients must maintain public outdoor recreation opportunities in a safe and attractive manner and at reasonable hours and times of the year. 3.3 City Planning Documents 3.3.1 2020 Parks, Recreation, and Natural Areas Plan The City’s Parks, Recreation, and Natural Areas Plan is a 6-year plan, adopted in January 2020. This report is an update of the previous plan that was adopted in 2011. The purpose of the plan is to provide a long-term vision and goals for the City’s parks, recreation, and natural areas over the next 20 years. The plan lays out current and future needs and community interest for parks and recreation, identifies policies and strategies to enhance and sustain parks, provides a framework to guide priorities and funding sources, and responds to the needs of the community as well as state requirements for grant eligibility (Washington State Recreation and Conservation Office 2023). This plan ties in with the City’s Comprehensive Plan, the Trails and Bicycle Master Plan, and the Downtown Civic Core Vision and Action Plan. This document includes recommended park amenities that were created using community input regarding recreation and valuable natural areas. The draft plans were reviewed by the public, the Project Steering Committee, Parks Commission, Planning Commission, and the Council Committee of the Whole. These concept plans were well-received and are intended to be a vision of possibilities to use as a starting point and inspiration for future planning and design work. Specifically for the Park, this plan includes a concept that maintains much of the natural forested areas, with a long winding interpretive loop trail along the creek and through the wetlands, trail connections on both sides of the park, parking, play areas, and sports courts grouped into a cohesive active recreation area. This plan is based on the distinct identity and character of the surrounding community and considers existing recreation opportunities as well as natural features (City of Renton 2020). AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 11 January 2024 Figure 6 2020 Parks, Recreation, and Natural Areas Plan Concept Source: City of Renton 2020 3.3.2 Comprehensive Plan The City’s Comprehensive Plan was adopted in 2015 and must be updated by 2024. This long-term plan focuses on goals for growth and development within the City of Renton. This plan is a guide for land use, transportation, housing, economic development, parks and recreation, community planning, utilities, capital facilities, environment, climate change, and resiliency. These are all requirements of Washington’s Growth Management Act. The updated plan will take into consideration feedback from all stakeholders, including residents, business owners, property owners, City staff, City Council, and the planning commission. This input will be essential to creating a plan that reflects the vision and needs of those who live in Renton. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 12 January 2024 3.3.2.1 Comprehensive Plan Land Use Map The Comprehensive Plan Land Use Map (Figure 7) shows that the Park falls within the designations for Residential Low Density (RLD) and Residential Medium Density (RMD). All adjacent properties to the north and south fall within these same designations (City of Renton 2018b). Figure 7 Comprehensive Plan Land Use Map Source: City of Renton 2018b 3.3.3 Trails and Bicycle Master Plan The 2019 Trails and Bicycle Master Plan was developed through a joint effort between Renton Parks and Recreation, the Parks Planning and Natural Resources Division, the Public Works Department, the Transportation Systems Division, the Community and Economic Development Department, and the Long Range Planning Division. This plan lays out a vision for a nonmotorized bike and walking path network for the next 20 years and is a requirement for grant funding eligibility. The plan includes a brief introduction describing the benefits of walking and cycling, the relationship to other plans, the planning process, and the master plan of trails. It then lays out a framework of how the final plan comes to be—from vision, goals, and objectives to community involvement, demand and needs analysis, guiding principles, plan elements, and implementation. Because the Park is intended to be part of this large network of soft-surface trails, this plan and the concepts within are relevant. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 13 January 2024 This plan is a framework that can help guide the City in establishing priorities during the planning and design process of the Project (City of Renton 2019). 3.3.4 Renton Downtown Civic Core Vision and Action Plan The City’s Downtown Civic Core Vision and Action Plan was adopted in January 2018. This plan provides a descriptive vision, with relevant photographs and graphics, of future opportunities for Renton’s downtown and civic core. Active civic core projects include The Renton Connector, Pavilion Market & Food Hall, Downtown Streetscapes, Arts & Culture Space, and Downtown Wayfinding. The plan includes an introduction of the downtown civic core and necessary context, followed by solutions and visions suggested by the community. The plan also includes themes, strategies, and ideas for implementation. Though May Creek is not part of the downtown civic core, the strategies and concepts for improving urban design and encouraging the use of urban outdoor spaces can be applied to this Project (City of Renton 2018A; MIG 2018). 3.3.5 Urban Forest Management Plan 2022-2033 Rooted in Renton is the City’s Urban Forest Management Plan (City of Renton 2022). The plan is a 10-year update to the previous plan and includes a brief introduction and description of the history and benefits of urban forests, followed by a description of the current state of Renton’s urban forests. The 10-year plan describes the City’s Urban Forestry Program, and the program’s current needs and challenges, as well as an implementation schedule. As the City grows and becomes denser, the importance of maintaining and enhancing tree canopy throughout the city limits becomes a greater priority. Established forests, such as those in the May Creek greenbelt, are a valuable asset, providing habitat, beauty, and physical and emotional wellbeing to residents. May Creek and the surrounding areas are a vital part of the City’s mission to proactively manage public trees, grow and expand a healthy tree canopy, maintain public safety, and optimize urban forest benefits (City of Renton 2022). 3.3.6 Development Regulations Renton Municipal Code (RMC) Title IV – Development Regulations is a set of compiled and revised City ordinances related to development regulations. It consists of 11 chapters, including Administration and Enforcement, Zoning Districts, Environmental Regulations, City-Wide Property Development Standards, Building and Fire Prevention Standards, Street and Utility Standards, Subdivision Regulations, Legal Nonconforming Structures, Uses and Lots, and Definitions (City of Renton 2023f). 3.3.6.1 City of Renton Critical Areas Regulations RMC 4-3-050 is the City’s chapter on Critical Areas Regulations. Its purpose is to protect riparian habitat, which in turn protects the stability of banks and channels and decreases erosion. It also addresses maintaining a clean water supply, flood storage, and sediment and pollutant filtering. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 14 January 2024 Other functions that are important to fish and wildlife, such as recruitment of woody debris and nutrients, shade, shelter, and other habitat elements, are discussed and provided for in this section (City of Renton 2023b). 3.3.7 Zoning The City zoning map shows that the Park falls primarily within zoning designation R-1, with the surrounding areas zoned R-4 and R-6 (City of Renton 2023g). According to the RMC, these zones are described as follows (City of Renton 2023e): • R-1 (Residential 1 DU/Acre): Established to provide and protect suitable environments for residential development of lands characterized by pervasive critical areas where limited residential development will not compromise critical areas. The R-1 zone designation provides for suburban estate single family and clustered single family residential dwellings at a maximum density of one dwelling unit per net acre and allows for small-scale farming associated with residential use. • R-4 (Residential 4 DU/Acre): Established to promote urban single family residential neighborhoods serviceable by urban utilities and containing open-space amenities. It is intended to implement the RLD Comprehensive Plan designation. The R-4 zone designation allows for a maximum density of four dwelling units per net acre and serves as a transition between rural designation zones and higher density residential zones. It is intended as an intermediate lower density residential zone. • R-6 (Residential 6 DU/Acre): Established for single family dwellings and is intended to implement the RMD Comprehensive Plan designation. The R-6 zone designation allows for a range of three to six dwelling units per net acre. Development in the R-6 zone is intended to be single family residential at moderate density. Preliminary review of the RMC shows that only wetlands of 1,000 square feet (sf) or less (and their buffers) may be exempt from impact mitigation and/or some permitting obligations if they meet certain conditions. The City follows the 2014 updated Washington State Department of Ecology wetland rating system. Under RMC 4-3-050-G.2, exempt activities permitted within wetlands and streams (and associated buffers) include construction of new trails and temporary wetland impacts (see Section 6 for wetland and buffer descriptions). For buffer analysis, it was presumed that the Project would be considered Low Intensity Land Use, which is defined in RMC 4-3-050G as: “unpaved trails, low intensity open space (hiking, bird-watching, preservation of natural resources, etc.) and utility corridor without a maintenance road and little or no vegetation management.” AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 15 January 2024 Under RMC 4-3-050G.2, the following critical area buffer widths are defined (see Section 4 for descriptions of geologic critical areas). These areas are based on habitat function and low impact land uses: Table 3 Critical Area Buffer Widths Source: City of Renton 2023f In defining landmark trees for inventory, RMC 4-11-200 defines them as: “A tree with a caliper of twenty-four inches (24") or greater, except for big leaf maples, black cottonwoods, and red alder trees, which qualify as landmark trees with a caliper of thirty inches (30") or greater.” 3.4 Regional Planning Documents 3.4.1 2001 May Creek Action Plan The May Creek Action Plan is an outline and plan for the steps that can be taken to reduce and correct adverse conditions in the May Creek Basin resulting from urban growth and development in the surrounding areas. The outline includes background information on the historical conditions of the May Creek Basin, potential funding sources for improvements, and possible solutions for mitigation. These details are followed by a list of both near- and long-term recommendations for AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 16 January 2024 four subareas of May Creek Basin. Because of the urban location of the creek, planning and recommendations focus on improving the quality of surface and groundwater, protecting habitat for salmon and other species, reducing flooding and flood damage, stabilizing banks and preventing erosion, and preventing existing problems from becoming worse (Shapiro and Associates, Inc. 2023). 3.4.2 May Creek Drainage and Restoration Plan King County Water and Land Resources Division and the Mid-Puget Sound Fisheries Enhancement Group completed the May Creek Drainage and Restoration Plan in 2008. In this plan, consultants GeoEngineers and OTAK developed a Conceptual Restoration Plan for the May Valley Subarea located within the May Creek Basin near Renton. The Conceptual Restoration Plan is a study of this long, narrow floodplain consisting of rural and agricultural land, which has been flooding more frequently and severely in recent years. This plan summarizes the past, current, and projected conditions of the May Creek Basin and provides 33 recommendations for conceptual projects to address flood control issues, degraded habitat, and other associated issues (King County 2023b). 3.4.3 May Creek Erosion Stabilization Report As part of the May Creek Drainage and Restoration Plan recommendations, King County consulted with Anchor QEA to develop the May Creek Erosion Stabilization Report to identify conceptual stabilization actions within a portion of the ravine reach of May Creek between Coal Creek Parkway and 148th Avenue SE. The Plan included a detailed site observation and evaluation to identify conceptual project sites and actions to reduce erosion and restore habitat. This report describes the site setting, approach, assessments, findings, and the resulting list of potential projects (Anchor QEA 2010). 3.4.4 Park at 95th Master Plan The Park at 95th Master Plan is a plan for a new park in Newcastle with a focus on athletic fields. It was prepared for the City of Newcastle in 2009 by a local landscape architecture firm and a team of subconsultants. The desire for new athletic fields was first recognized in the City of Newcastle Comprehensive Plan update adopted in 2003. The master plan seeks to guide future development in a 13.5-acre portion of Newcastle’s May Creek Park at SE 95th Way, which is three-quarters of a mile from the Park. The plan walks through the steps taken to determine a possible design solution, from describing existing conditions, opportunities, and constraints to developing a preliminary program and collecting results from public outreach. Four alternatives were worked through and revised, along with a cost estimate for each. The end result was a conceptual plan with a focus on soccer and baseball fields, a large natural area, parking, picnicking areas, restrooms, and viewpoints (MacLeod Reckord 2009). The future Park at 95th is in close proximity to the Park and has the potential to serve residents of both Newcastle and Renton. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 17 January 2024 4 Geotechnical Technical Assessment 4.1 Existing Geological Conditions The U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA NRCS; 2003) classifies the surface soils in the site as Alderwood gravelly sandy loam with 8% to 30% slopes, along with a small portion of Everett very gravelly sandy loam with 8% to 15% slopes, likely silty sands, and silty gravels. The Washington Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) provides a classification of Pleistocene till and outwash clay, silt, sand, gravel, cobbles, and boulders deposited by or originating from continental glaciers locally and includes peat, nonglacial sediments, modified land, and artificial fill. No subsurface explorations were made available for analysis. 4.2 City Geological Critical Areas This section describes the Park’s mapped geologic hazards in accordance with the definitions provided in the RMC 4-3-050G. 4.2.1 Flood Hazard Assessment Flood hazard areas are defined as the land in the floodplain subject to a 1% or greater chance of flooding in any given year by the RMC. The northernmost portion of the Park site is located in an area mapped as a Zone AE FEMA regulatory floodway. By definition in the RMC, the portion of the site within the floodway is classified as a high flood hazard area. 4.2.2 Steep Slope Hazard Assessment The City of Renton Steep Slope Atlas displays both sensitive slopes and protected slopes on the Park site. Sensitive slopes (a slope defined as having an average slope lying between 25% and 40% or greater than 40% with a rise below 15 feet) lie on the southern edge of the site, adjacent to Duvall Avenue NE, and the northern portion of the site, surrounding the protected slope. The protected slope (defined as having an average slope of 40% or greater for a minimum vertical rise of 15 feet) is located on the northern portion of the site, south of May Creek. 4.2.3 Erosion Hazard Assessment All surface soils in the Project area are characterized by the USDA NRCS (2023) as having slight erosion potential; therefore, as defined by the RMC, the site is considered a low erosion hazard in areas where the slope grade is under 15%. Erosion control measures should be considered in areas where the slope grade is over 15%, including the areas surrounding the protected slope on the northern edge and the area adjacent to Duvall Avenue NE on the southern edge of the site. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 18 January 2024 4.2.4 Landslide Hazard Assessment The protected slope is in a high landslide hazard area. Sensitive slopes and surrounding areas are likely medium landslide hazards as they are anticipated to be underlain by competent soils. Geotechnical investigation of the site may reveal the sensitive slopes and surrounding areas to be high landslide hazard areas. Most of the site falls outside these two critical areas and is therefore classified as a low landslide hazard. There have been no historical landslides identified by WDNR (2023); therefore, no portion of the site should be classified as very high landslide hazard. If evidence of previous landslides is discovered in any future geological investigation, the landslide hazard assessment classification may change. 4.2.5 Seismic Hazard Assessment The Park is in a high seismic region. The seismic hazard analysis defined by the RMC is based on the International Building Code classification system. Based on available data, the site is expected to behave as a low seismic hazard area. Geotechnical investigation may potentially reveal less competent soils, resulting in a change to the site rating. 4.2.6 Coal Mine Hazard Assessment The Park has a low coal mine hazard designation by RMC definition. No mines have been identified by the WDNR (2023) in the Project area. Although no mines have been identified in the Project area, undocumented mining is known to have occurred. Any discovery of or evidence of a mine in or surrounding the site may affect the coal mine hazard rating. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 19 January 2024 5 Cultural Resources Technical Assessment Cultural resources are defined as archaeological, historic, and culturally meaningful sites, structures, objects, or districts, generally those that are eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places or state or local preservation registers. Inventory and evaluation of cultural resources, and assessment of impacts, is required by state and federal law. This section describes recorded and potential cultural resources in the Project area. 5.1 Environmental and Cultural Context The Park is located in the Puget Trough physiographic province, a valley system that extends from Puget Sound south through the Willamette Valley and separates the Olympic Mountains from the Western Cascades (Franklin and Dyrness 1988). During the last glacial advance, glaciers extended as far as Centralia. Glaciers began to recede about 15,000 years ago, leaving behind a rapidly changing landscape of proglacial lakes, meltwater streams, and other alluvial features. This process created the thick layer of Pleistocene glacial outwash underlying Holocene sediments across much of the Puget Sound region. Land formerly depressed by the weight of the ice began to rebound (Dragovich et al. 1994) forming the distinctive north-south trending hills and valleys of the Puget Trough physiographic province. Numerous sites have been identified across the region dating to the period after 5,000 BP. The planned Project area is in an upland that slopes to the north toward May Creek. The Park vicinity is in the traditional territory of the Sammamish (sćabábš) and Stkehlmish (sacakałəbš) Tribes that occupied the area around Lake Washington, Lake Sammamish, and the Sammamish River; and the Snohomish (sduhúbš) and Kwehtlmamish (dxwkwíỴəbabš) tribes, whose territory included the Snohomish and Pilchuck Rivers (Suttles and Lane 1990; Ruby and Brown 1986). The Tribes are Lutshootseed-speaking Southern Coast Salish peoples. At the time of Euroamerican contact, Southern Coast Salish tribes occupied the Puget Sound area from the Skagit River in the north to the Deschutes River near Olympia in the south, reaching inland to the Cascade Range crest. Salish peoples lived in winter villages of cedar plank houses and seasonally harvested shellfish and anadromous fish runs, supplemented by upland game hunting and plant gathering (Suttles and Lane 1990). The Washington Territory was organized in 1853 by its first governor, Isaac Stevens, who assisted with Euroamerican settlement and the creation of a Northern Pacific Railway route by displacing regional Native American tribes and relocating them to reservations under a series of treaties in 1855. Washington eventually achieved statehood on November 11, 1889 (Kirk and Alexander 1990). Stevens negotiated several treaties with Native American groups between 1854 and 1856. Upon the signing of the Point Elliott Treaty in 1855, tribes in the Lake Washington area were assigned to the Port Madison Reservation on the Kitsap Peninsula; however, many returned to their homeland. Some tribal members settled on the Muckleshoot Reservation, while others chose not to live on a reservation (Ruby and Brown 1986). Today their descendants belong to the Snoqualmie Tribe, Muckleshoot Indian Tribe, AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 20 January 2024 Suquamish Tribe, and Tulalip Tribes, among others. Native American populations fell victim to epidemics of malaria, tuberculosis, and smallpox carried by Euroamericans in the late 1700s through the middle 1800s (Cole and Darling 1990). Shortly thereafter, settlers expanded across the Oregon Territory, spurred by the Donation Land Act of 1850. King County grew quickly after the passage of the Homestead Act in 1862, as Euroamericans began farming and logging. The discovery of coal at Newcastle in 1863 accelerated growth in the area east of Lake Washington (Lange 1998) and coal fields were located both north and south of May Creek. Mining and associated railroads joined logging as the region’s primary economic activities and drew workers from Europe and Asia. According to historical aerial photographs and maps, the park planning area was undeveloped until the early twentieth century and was probably logged several times. By 1907, maps show property owned by private individuals and lumber companies. In 1936, an aerial photograph shows two farmsteads just north of the park planning area in the area of current residential development. Associated cleared fields extend into the northern part of the Park planning area. Subdividing of the farmsteads appears to have begun in the 1960s. The two structures in the southwestern portion of the Park planning area were constructed at that time. The retention pond in the Park planning area was constructed in 2006. Most of the Park planning area has been undeveloped and forested throughout the historical and modern periods. Native vegetation in the vicinity consists of Douglas fir, Western red cedar, Western hemlock, red alder, and big-leaf maple, with an understory of bracken fern, sword fern, Oregon grape, salal, and berry vines (Franklin and Dyrness 1988). Historically, deer, elk, black bear, cougar, and coyote lived in the Project vicinity. Riverine and upland habitats in the vicinity also supported a diverse array of smaller mammals, fish, shellfish, and birds (Eder 2002). 5.2 Archaeology There are no recorded archaeological sites or isolates in the Park planning area. There are three sites within a mile, as follows: • 45KI821 is a historic cesspool structure located about 0.5-mile northwest of the Project planning area, along Coal Creek parkway. It has not been evaluated for listing on preservation registers. • 45KI1330 is a collapsed wood shelter and portable sawmill remains located about 0.7-mile west of the Project planning area, along an unnamed intermittent tributary to May Creek. It has been determined not eligible for listing on preservation registers. • 45KI1557 is the remains of a mobile home and garage located 0.9-mile south of the Project planning area, along Coal Creek Parkway. It has been determined not eligible for listing on preservation registers. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 21 January 2024 There has been one archaeological survey that included a portion of the Park planning area, for a roadway widening project along Coal Creek Parkway SE that constructed the existing retention pond (Chambers 2006). Subsurface tests conducted in the retention pond area revealed Alderwood soils over glacial till. The soils appeared to have been disturbed by logging and land-clearing. The Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation’s statewide predictive model for precontact archaeological potential shows that the Project planning area contains Low Risk, Moderately Low Risk, and Moderate Risk areas for archaeological resources (Figure 8). In general, for planning purposes ground-disturbing work in the Moderate Risk area, closer to May Creek, should be considered more likely to impact archaeological resources. Any planned ground-disturbing work would likely require archaeological survey. Figure 8 Statewide Predictive Model for Precontact Archaeological Potential Source: Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 22 January 2024 5.3 Historic Resources There are two structures older than 45 years in the Project planning area, both residences. A single family residence at 2718 Duvall Avenue NE was built in 1963 and a single family residence at 2712 Duvall Avenue NE was built in 1964. Neither has been evaluated for listing on preservation registers. None of the other Project parcels have structures listed in the King County Assessor’s records. There is one structure within a mile that has been determined eligible for preservation registers: the Red Barn/Colasurdo Barn (DAHP Resource ID 48530), which is located about 0.9-mile east of the Project planning area. 5.4 Traditional Cultural Properties and Cultural Landscapes There are no recorded Traditional Cultural Properties or Cultural Landscapes in the vicinity. Generally, the process of identifying and evaluating cultural resources requires consultation with Native American tribes and other consulting parties. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 23 January 2024 6 Site Reconnaissance and Natural Resource Inventory Anchor QEA’s partner, Clearway, conducted a site reconnaissance on December 14 and 15, 2023. Clearway completed a natural resource inventory documenting forested conditions using the Forest Landscape Assessment Tool (FLAT), potential wetland conditions and locations, stream conditions, landmark trees, land cover, and other site features including trails and ditches. The field crew documented field notes with site observations, captured photographs, and collected GIS data. Field data, including numbered photo points, are shown the basemap (Figure 3). The following provides a summary of the site reconnaissance. Site photographs are included as Appendix A. 6.1 FLAT Assessment A FLAT assessment was performed to characterize forest health based on the presence of native, coniferous, and deciduous trees (value) as well as the presence of invasive vegetation (threat). The FLAT is a tool used to assess landscape conditions (values and threats) that can help identify site-specific stewardship and restoration actions. Developed by Green Cities Research Alliance (in coordination with the U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station and in partnership with King County, Forterra, and the University of Washington), the FLAT provides a “rapid, systematic, flexible, and inexpensive environmental evaluation” (Ciecko et al. 2016). During the assessment, field staff identified forest values and threats, using the Green Seattle Partnership Tree-iage Matrix. As shown in Figure 9, the Tree-iage Matrix defines forest value by tree composition, including native canopy, conifer canopy, and opportunity for new canopy. Threats are defined by invasive vegetation cover. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 24 January 2024 Figure 9 Forest Landscape Assessment Tool (FLAT) Analysis Note: Original version was developed by Green Seattle Partnership showing City of Seattle acreages (Ciecko et al. 2016). Figure 10 maps the values and threats identified during the site reconnaissance. Tree composition value is based on native tree canopy cover, with emphasis on percent cover of conifers within the native canopy. The majority of the site was mapped as medium cover. Areas of high value were mapped where the topography changes and the site slopes up on the south side of the site and where it slopes down towards May Creek. The lawns of the two residential properties on site were mapped as low canopy cover. Threat is based on invasive cover and the areas of highest threat mostly overlapped with the medium tree composition cover in the middle of the site (Photographs 4 and 15). Invasive vegetation was composed primarily of Himalayan blackberry (Rubus armeniacus), with some cut-leaf blackberry (Rubus lacinatus). Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) was also present and most prominent in open wetland areas but did extend under the tree canopy at times. Areas of low invasive cover mostly overlapped with high and low tree composition value. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 25 January 2024 Figure 10 Forest Landscape Assessment Tool (FLAT) Map AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) Existing Information Summary 26 January 2024 6.2 Wetland Reconnaissance Field staff identified three potential wetlands through visual assessment. Field staff did not collect soil or hydrology data. The following summarizes the potential wetlands (refer to Figure 3 for locations). Potential Wetland 1 Potential Wetland 1 is presumed to be a palustrine, forested, depressional wetland (Photographs 1 and 17). It is the only wetland collected in this field effort that is mapped in the City GIS data. Its boundary starts roughly in the middle of the site and continues eastward, out of the study area (Photograph 2) and connects to the larger wetland shown on the City’s GIS data. Within the study area, it is approximately 2.7 acres in size, and has a mix of open field and forested areas. Combined with portions of the City-mapped wetland outside of the study area, the total area of this wetland is roughly 6 to 8 acres. The preliminary rating is Category III, with a moderate habitat score of 7. With Low Impact Land Use, this wetland would be assigned a 75-foot buffer by RMC 4-3-050G.2. Within potential Wetland 1, near Photo Point 1, plant species identified included reed canary grass, creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), sedge (Carex species), small-fruited bulrush (Scirpus microcarpus), Himalayan blackberry, red alder (Alnus rubra), black cottonwood (Populus tricocarpa), and willow (Salix sp). Near Photo Point 2, salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis), American skunk cabbage (Lysichiton americanus), lady fern (Athyrium felix-femina), and horsetail (Equisetum species) were identified. No conifers were identified within the wetland near this location. One inch of surface ponding was noted. The soil had possible hydrogen sulfide odor. At the toe of slope on the southern side of the site, a patch of reduced iron at the surface was observed. Within the study area, near the wetland’s northern border, there is an excavated, artificial drainage ditch that drains the wetland, likely flowing to the east. Potential Wetland 2 Potential Wetland 2 is presumed to be a small, palustrine emergent, slope wetland, approximately 1,600 sf (0.04 acre) in size (Photograph 5). It is densely covered in reed canary grass, with some Himalayan blackberry. The soil showed strong, shallow redoximorphic features, indicative of a depleted matrix. Its preliminary rating is Category III, with a moderate habitat score of 5. With Low Impact Land Use, this wetland would be assigned a 75-foot buffer by RMC. The canopy directly above it and nearby is composed mostly of black cottonwood and big-leaf maple (Acer macrophyllum). Potential Wetland 3 Potential Wetland 3 is presumed to be an approximately 0.41-acre, palustrine emergent (PEM), depressional wetland. It is covered primarily in creeping buttercup and field grasses (Photographs 7 and 18), with salmonberry along its borders. Its preliminary rating is Category III, with a moderate AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 27 January 2024 habitat score of 6. With Low Impact Land Use, this wetland would be assigned a 75-foot buffer by RMC. Several natural and artificial drainages and short bridges are situated throughout the wetland. 6.3 May Creek Conditions May Creek is Stream Type F. It has a 115-foot critical areas buffer width and a 15-foot structure setback beyond buffer. The northern lobe of the study area encompasses May Creek on both sides of the channel. Between the southern side of the creek and the slope up to the main area of the site lies a broad, relatively flat area (Photograph 11). It has abandoned, relic river channel features, such as oxbows and gravel deposits. It is lightly forested, with mature, second-growth, deciduous trees such as red alder, big-leaf maple, and black cottonwood, with an understory of salmonberry, sword fern, blackberry, and reed canary grass, and includes many downed trees. The topography is hummocky, and the underlying soil is mostly well-drained rock, gravel, and sand over clay. Riparian vegetation at the site does not provide much direct, low-lying cover, though the surrounding canopy provides adequate shade and leaf/organic detritus input. Within view of the study area, the channel is fairly well incised. At the western end, there is a sharp bend to river-right (Photographs 8 and 9), which has exposed a vertical, mostly clay, cliff face about 10 to 15 feet tall. To the north (across the creek) is a steep slope up to residences, mostly covered in Himalayan blackberry and English ivy (Hedera helix; Photograph 10). The gradient at the site is fairly constant and the creek has no large woody debris or large rocks within the study area. This may be the reason no pools have formed, and the creek within the site is mostly one long run. At lower flows, small pools may appear, particularly near the sharp right bend at the western end of the study area. Again, likely due to constant flow, little deposition appears to occur and when exposed, the shore shows only minor signs of erosion. When the creekbed or shore is exposed, it appears to be composed mostly of clay, which may be controlling erosion. The substrate is cobble and large gravel, with little to no fines or appropriately sized salmon spawning gravel. At the time of the field efforts, water depth in the thalweg upstream of the deeper section near the sharp bend appeared to average approximately 10 to 12 inches. 6.4 Landmark Trees While not intended to be a comprehensive survey, Clearway staff identified 21 landmark trees within the study area to help the City update its current landmark tree inventory of the site. Of these, 15 were coniferous and six were deciduous (Photograph 14). Table 1 provides tree data collected including common name, diameter at breast height (dbh), and general condition. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 28 January 2024 Table 4 Landmark Tree Inventory Tree No. Species Common Name DBH Condition Notes 1 Western red cedar 40 Good No ivy 2 Western red cedar 42 Good No ivy 3* Western red cedar 30 Good No ivy; *mislabeled as second Tree No. 4 4 Western red cedar 30 Good No ivy 5 Western red cedar 40* Good No ivy; *two stems about 30 inches dbh each 6 Western red cedar 26 Good No ivy 7 Douglas fir 31 Good No ivy 8 Western red cedar 35 Good No ivy 9 Western red cedar 29 Good No ivy 10 Douglas fir 32 Good No ivy 11 Big-leaf maple 34 Fair Dense moss on trunk 12 Big-leaf maple 30 Fair Dense moss on trunk 13 Douglas fir 37 Good No ivy 14 Douglas fir 30 Good No ivy 15 Douglas fir 34 Good No ivy 16 Big-leaf maple 33 Fair No ivy, dense moss on trunk 17 Big-leaf maple 67 Fair No ivy, dense moss on trunk 18 Big-leaf maple 82 Fair Moss on trunk, multistemmed 19 Douglas fir 48 Good No ivy 20 Western red cedar 40 Good No ivy 21 Big-leaf maple 45 Fair Dense moss on trunk 6.5 Land Cover and Site Features Vegetation Types Across the study area in general, the vegetation ranges from managed lawns near residences to the west (Photograph 19), and north across May Creek, to a mix of sparsely treed herbaceous patches (Photograph 16) and more densely forested areas in the more steeply sloped areas (Photograph 3). In general, most mature trees appear in good condition, except for big-leaf maple, which are generally performing poorly and are densely covered in moss. The most predominant invasive plant species identified on the site included cut-leaf and Himalayan blackberry, reed canary grass, English ivy, and English holly (Ilex aquifolium). English ivy was present on trees only on the north side of May Creek and holly was mostly confined to sloped areas at the south side of the site. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 29 January 2024 Hardscaping An approximately 6,800-sf (0.16-acre) area to the south of the driveway at 2718 Duvall Avenue NE (Photograph 5) has been mapped and contains compacted gravel under the duff layer, which is not obvious without close inspection. Removal of the gravel would help restore plant communities and natural hydrology. It may provide a location for staging during construction, reducing the need to create further compacted surfaces. Near the southeastern end of this relic gravel pad, there is a roughly 400-sf by 600-sf artificially excavated pit (Photograph 6), which displays some wetland indicators but would likely be exempt from City regulations due to its size and the fact that it may have been the gravel/fill source or a livestock watering hole. Existing Trails Trail 1 A wide, semi-maintained trail (Photograph 13) provides access east to west, roughly from the parking area of 2718 Duvall Avenue NE to the eastern end of the study area. It was fairly saturated during the site visit near its western terminus, and a large, downed tree obstructed the trail about one-third of the way eastward from 2718 Duvall Avenue NE. Several small bridges provide egress across the drainage ditch that runs along its southern edge. Their condition and safety vary. Trail 2 Leading northward from the adjacent residence at 2718 Duvall Avenue NE, starting near a fire pit, a wide, steep trail leads to the largest bridge on the site (footbridge No. 2; see Figure 3 for location). The bridge crosses a tributary flowing north to May Creek. This tributary becomes steeper and more incised until it reaches the flat area on the south side of the creek. The trail meanders eastward, mostly staying close to the top of the slope. It becomes less defined as it goes downhill (Photograph 12) and heads north, following contours down to the open, flat area adjacent to the south side of May Creek. It is mostly easy to follow and traverse, except for one short section that is very steep. Ditches Several artificially excavated ditches are located within the site. Often, the source, outlet, or continuous path was not observable. When accessible, the centerlines of visible ditches were mapped. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 30 January 2024 7 Data Gaps As discussed previously, the background information summarized in this report will inform the development of the Project’s master plan for the Park. The information will be used to develop and analyze alternatives and ultimately select a preferred alternative concept design. Following this master planning phase, there are multiple data gaps that will need to be closed prior to the development of a complete construction-ready and permit-approved design. The following provides a summary of identified data gaps. Other data gaps may be identified during the alternative analysis and preferred alternative selection. • Topography and Boundary Survey ‒ Survey in Washington State Plane coordinates ‒ Survey provided in international feet ‒ Boundary survey reflecting all City acquisitions and easements ‒ Site topography (1-foot contours) ‒ Utilities (surface and buried) ‒ Surface conditions (gravel, hardscape, soil) ‒ Vegetation limits and tree locations ‒ May Creek ordinary high water mark (OHWM) ‒ Wetland boundaries • Geotechnical investigation for work within geologically critical areas and to inform potential structural design elements such as footings and foundations • Wetland delineation with functional ratings and buffer analysis • OHWM delineation • Landmark tree survey AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 31 January 2024 8 References AllTrails, 2023. Best Trails in Cougar Mountain Regional Wildland Park. Accessed December 22, 2023. Available at: www.alltrails.com/parks/us/washington/cougar-mountain-regional-wildland- park--2. Ames, K.M., and H.D.G. Maschner, 1999. Peoples of the Northwest Coast: Their Archaeology and Prehistory. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd. Anchor QEA, 2010. May Creek Erosion Stabilization Draft Report. Prepared for King County. January 2010. Bing Maps, 2023. World_imagery. Accessed December 22, 2023. Available at: https://services.arcgisonline.com/ArcGIS/rest/services/World_Imagery/MapServer. Ciecko, L., D. Kimmett, J. Saunders, R. Katz, K.L. Wolf, O. Bazinet, J. Richardson, W. Brinkley, and D.J. Blahna, 2016. Forest Landscape Assessment Tool (FLAT): Rapid Assessment for Land Management. U.S. Department of Agriculture. September 2016. City of Newcastle, 2019. Newcastle GIS Pedestrian Routes 2019. Accessed December 22, 2023. Available at: https://data-newcastlewa.opendata.arcgis.com/. City of Renton, 2018a. Civic Core Vision & Action Plan. Accessed December 18, 2023. Available at: https://rentondowntown.com/wp-content/uploads/Final-Renton-Plan-011718.pdf. City of Renton, 2018b. Comprehensive Plan Land Use Map. Accessed December 13, 2023. Available at: https://gismaps.rentonwa.gov/GISIMAGES/STATICMAPS/Comprehensive%20Landuse%20Pla n.pdf. City of Renton, 2019. Renton Trails and Bikeways Map. Accessed December 18, 2023. Available at: https://cdnsm5- hosted.civiclive.com/UserFiles/Servers/Server_7922657/File/City%20Hall/Community%20Servi ces/Parks%20Planning%20and%20Natural%20Resources/Trails%20and%20Bicycle%20Master %20Plan/Renton%20Trails%20Plan_may19.pdf. City of Renton, 2020. Parks, Recreation, and Natural Areas Plan. Accessed December 26, 2023. Available at: www.rentonwa.gov/city_hall/parks_and_recreation/parks_planning_and_development/parks__ recreation__and_natural_areas_plan. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 32 January 2024 City of Renton, 2022. Rooted in Renton Urban Forest Management Plan 2022–2032. January 2022. Accessed December 13, 2023. Available at: https://cdnsm5- hosted.civiclive.com/UserFiles/Servers/Server_7922657/File/City%20Hall/Community%20Servi ces/Parks%20Planning%20and%20Natural%20Resources/Urban%20Forestry/Urban%20Fores t%20Management%20Plan/Renton%20WA%20Urban%20Forest%20Management%20Plan%2 01-31-22.pdf. City of Renton, 2023a. City of Renton COR Maps. Accessed December 15, 2023. Available at: https://maps.rentonwa.gov/Html5viewer/Index.html?viewer=cormaps. City of Renton, 2023b. Critical Areas Regulations - Section 4-3-050. Accessed December 21, 2023. Available at: https://www.codepublishing.com/WA/Renton/html/Renton04/Renton0403/Renton0403050.h tml. City of Renton, 2023c. Maps & GIS Data. Accessed December 15, 2023. Available at: https://www.rentonwa.gov/city_hall/executive_services/Information_technology/maps___g_i_s_ data. City of Renton, 2023d. May Creek Greenway. Accessed December 18, 2023. Available at: www.rentonwa.gov/city_hall/parks_and_recreation/parks_and_trails/find_a_park_or_trail/may_ creek_greenway. City of Renton, 2023e. Section 4-2-020. Accessed December 22, 2023. Available at: www.codepublishing.com/WA/Renton/html/Renton04/Renton0402/Renton0402020.html. City of Renton, 2023f. Title IVDEVELOPMENT Regulations. Accessed December 21, 2023. Available at: https://www.codepublishing.com/WA/Renton/html/Renton04/Renton04.html. City of Renton, 2023g. Zoning Map. Accessed December 18, 2023. Available at: https://gismaps.rentonwa.gov/GISIMAGES/STATICMAPS/Zoning.pdf. Cole, D., and D. Darling, 1990. “History of the Early Period.” Chapter in Northwest Coast, Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 7, edited by Wayne Suttles. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution,119-134. Dragovich, J.D., P.T. Pringle, and T.J. Walsh, 1994. “Extent and Geometry of the Mid-Holocene Osceola Mudflow in the Puget Lowland-Implications for Holocene Sedimentation and Paleogeography.” Washington Geology 22(3):3-26. Eder, T., 2002. Mammals of Washington and Oregon. Edmonton: Lone Pine Publishing. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 33 January 2024 Ficken, R.E., and C.P. LeWarne, 1988. Washington: A Centennial History. Seattle: University of Washington Press. Franklin, J.F., and C.T. Dyrness, 1988. Natural Vegetation of Oregon and Washington. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, General Technical Report PNW-8. Galster, R.L., and W.T. Laprade, 1991. “Geology of Seattle, Washington, USA.” Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists 28(3):235-302. Gustafson, C.E., and C. Manis, 1984. The Manis Mastodon Site: An Adventure in Prehistory. Sequim, Washington: Manis Enterprises. King County, 2023. King County Parcel Viewer, Accessed January 2, 2024. Available at: https://gismaps.kingcounty.gov/parcelviewer2/. King County, 2023a. Cougar Mountain Regional Wildland Park. Accessed December 20, 2023. Available at: https://kingcounty.gov/en/dept/dnrp/nature-recreation/parks-recreation/king- county-parks/parks/cougar-mountain. King County, Washington, 2023b. May Creek Sub-Basin Environment. Accessed January 3, 2024. Available at: https://kingcounty.gov/en/dept/dnrp/nature-recreation/environment-ecology- conservation/stormwater-surface-water-management/capital-services-unit/may- creek#:~:text=Plan%20adopted%20in%202001%20to,and%20wildlife%20habitat%20and%20 water. Kirk, R., and C. Alexander, 1990. Exploring Washington's Past. Seattle: University of Washington Press. Lange, G., 1998. Surveyors discover coal at Newcastle (east King County) in October 1863. Updated: November 3, 1998. Cited: March 2009. Available at: http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=149. MacLeod Reckord, 2009. Park at 95th Master Plan. Prepared for the City of Newcastle. MIG, 2018. Renton Downtown Civic Core Vision and Action Plan. Prepared for City of Renton. Accessed December 21, 2023. Available at: https://www.rentondowntown.com/wp- content/uploads/Final-Renton-Plan-011718.pdf . Pace, 2023. Record of Survey for City of Renton. Prepared for City of Renton. Portion of: NW Quarter Section 3, T23N, R5E & SW Quarter Section 34, T24N, R5E, W.M. Ruby, R.H., and J.A. Brown, 1986. A Guide to the Indian Tribes of the Pacific Northwest. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Existing Information Summary 34 January 2024 Shapiro and Associates, Inc., 2023. Proposed May Creek Basin Action Plan. Prepared for King County Department of Natural Resources, Water and Land Resources Division. Accessed December 21, 2023. Available at: https://your.kingcounty.gov/dnrp/library/2001/kcr726/Plan.pdf. Sletten, R.S., D. Snyder, L.C. Lee, D. Booth, and D.J. Marrett, 2008. Soils and Land Use in the Puget Sound Basin. Presentation at the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of 86th America Annual Meeting. Seattle. 1994. Suttles, W., and B. Lane, 1990. Southern Coast Salish. Chapter in Northwest Coast, Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 7, edited by Wayne Suttles. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 485-502. Washington State Recreation and Conservation Office, 2023. Grant Requirements. Accessed December 21, 2023. Available at: https://rco.wa.gov/recreation-and-conservation-office- grants/grant-requirements/. Washington Trails Association, 2023. May Creek Trail. Accessed December 21, 2023. Available at: https://www.wta.org/go-hiking/hikes/may-creek-trail. Wildlife Recreation and Coalition, 2023. May Creek Trail, 1991. Accessed December 21, 2023. Available at: https://wildliferecreation.org/projects/may-creek-trail-1991/. Wildlife Recreation and Coalition, 2023. May Creek Trail, 1994., Accessed December 21, 2023. Available at: https://wildliferecreation.org/projects/may-creek-trail-1994/. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Appendix A Site Photographs AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Photograph 1 Potential Wetland 1, Facing West Photo Point 1: Toward potential Wetland 1. Creeping buttercup groundcover, approximately 1 inch of standing water. Source: Clearway Environmental Photograph 2 Potential Wetland 1, Facing East Photo Point 1a: Toward potential Wetland 1 and continuing off site to adjacent property to the east. Dense reed canary grass. Himalayan blackberry in foreground. Source: Clearway Environmental AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Photograph 3 Forested Area, Facing North Photo Point 2: Positioned from upland forested area at southeast corner of site. Open area of Wetland 1 is visible downhill through brush. Low invasive cover in forested area. Source: Clearway Environmental Photograph 4 Forested Area, Facing South Photo Point 3: Typical habitat and vegetation for triangular area at west side of site. Dense Himalayan blackberry throughout. Some conifers toward Coal Creek Parkway at concrete wall. Source: Clearway Environmental AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Photograph 5 Potential Wetland 2, Facing North Photo Point 4: Potential Wetland 2. Small emergent wetland with reed canary grass. Source: Clearway Environmental Photograph 6 Depression with Perched Water, Facing East Photo Point 5: At edge of vegetation-covered gravel pad area. Possible human-made depression with perched water, approximately 20 by 30 feet. Source: Clearway Environmental AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Photograph 7 Potential Wetland 3, Facing East Photo Point 6: Looking toward potential Wetland 3 near parking area. Start of Trail 1 in background. Source: Clearway Environmental Photograph 8 May Creek, Facing East Photo Point 7: From overlook down to May Creek. At left side of photograph is a residential lawn on the north side of the creek. Source: Clearway Environmental AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Photograph 9 May Creek, Facing West Photo Point 8: Looking from the left bank of May Creek. Erosion present at curve of creek. Source: Clearway Environmental Photograph 10 May Creek, Run Section, Facing North Photo Point 9: Looking across May Creek in “run” section of the creek. No large woody debris present. Source: Clearway Environmental AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Photograph 11 May Creek Floodplain, Facing Northwest Photo Point 10: Representative of low area/floodplain on south side of May Creek. Some invasives such as Himalayan blackberry and reed canary grass throughout. Source: Clearway Environmental Photograph 12 Embankment, Trail 2, Facing South Photo Point 10a: From low area/floodplain looking uphill to landscape surrounding Trail 2. Source: Clearway Environmental AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Photograph 13 Trail 1, Facing East Photo Point 11: Trail 1 is a semi-maintained trail running east to west from parking area to east border of study area. Source: Clearway Environmental Photograph 14 Landmark Tree Photo Point 12: Example of landmark tree – very large, big-leaf maple. Source: Clearway Environmental AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Photograph 15 Medium Canopy Cover, Facing North Photo Point 13: Example of Forest Landscape Assessment Tool (FLAT) designation – medium canopy cover, high threat level. Source: Clearway Environmental Photograph 16 Potential Wetland 1, Facing West Photo Point 14: More open/emergent area of potential Wetland 1. Rushes, juncus species, small-fruited bullrush, alder saplings. Source: Clearway Environmental AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Photograph 17 Potential Wetland 1, Facing North Photo Point 14a: Looking toward edge of potential Wetland 1. Red alder saplings and Himalayan blackberry on the border. Source: Clearway Environmental Photograph 18 Park Border, Trail 2, Facing Northeast Photo Point 15: Lawn/grass near 2718 Duvall Avenue NE property and parking area. Edge of potential Wetland 3. Trail 2 to May Creek past structure is seen on left side of photo. Source: Clearway Environmental AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Photograph 19 Park Border 2, Facing West Photo Point 17: Lawn/grass in front of 2718 Duvall Avenue NE property. Source: Clearway Environmental AGENDA ITEM #8. d) APPENDIX B CONCEPTUAL DESIGN ALTERNATIVES AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Appendix B Conceptual Design Alternatives 1 July 2024 DESIGN PROCESS The Project team developed two conceptual design alternatives to communicate different approaches to developing the Park. The following sections provide a summary of the design process and the alternatives developed for the City of Renton’s (City) May Creek Park Master Plan Project (Project). First, the site was thoroughly explored and analyzed, both in person and through reviewing currently available literature, documentation, and GIS data. Project opportunities and constraints were identified, and a list of criteria was developed to support the alternative analysis and decision-making. Next, two preliminary alternatives were developed following this initial research and initial community and stakeholder feedback. The first alternative focused on passive recreation and limited access. The second alternative focused on park recreation and trail access. The two concepts were scored against each other and each Park element ranked on how well it met the criteria. Both conceptual design alternatives were presented to shareholders and at public events, received feedback, and were then honed to ultimately lead to a final preferred design. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Appendix B Conceptual Design Alternatives 2 July 2024 OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS The Project team developed identified the opportunities present on the site, and also any constraints. The site provides many opportunities, including access to nature and views, including May Creek, wetlands, and forested areas, which also allowed for restoration stewardship opportunities for the creek, wetlands, forests, and riparian habitats (Figure 1). The current habitats include a creek with stable banks that can support salmon migration and forests with an abundance of large, mature heritage trees. The site has existing access and safe crossings at the entrance, as well as nearby public transportation. It also has opportunities to connect in the future to nearby trails in Newcastle to the west and a network of neighborhood trails to the east, completing a connection of trails from lake Washington to Cougar Mountain. An additional parcel is potentially available in the future. Acquiring this parcel would provide the opportunity for additional upland open space that could be developed near the entrance of the Park. On the other hand, the site also comes with some challenges and constraining factors (Figure 2). The wetland and stream habitats, their buffers, and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) flood zones take up a large portion of the site, limiting development in these areas. Steep forested slopes also limit what can be developed and prevent easy access to large portions of the Park. A busy street and private property surround the Park, and sewer and other utility access is limited. Existing structures and old concrete pads, fences, and debris must be removed prior to development. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Appendix B Conceptual Design Alternatives 3 July 2024 Figure 1 Project Site Opportunities AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) Appendix B Conceptual Design Alternatives 4 July 2024 Figure 2 Project Site Constraints AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) Appendix B Conceptual Design Alternatives 5 July 2024 DESIGN CRITERIA The design criteria are based on the discussions with the City, stakeholders, and the community, as well as information gathered during the Project’s existing information review task. The following preliminary criteria were used to compare the alternatives and will guide the development of a preferred alternative. These criteria are preliminary and likely to be refined as the Project progresses. Maximize Trail Development Within the Park •Maximize trail connections to the diverse landscapes within the Park. •Maximize trail loops and opportunities for hiking/walking/running within the Park. •Provide a trail connection to May Creek. Connect to Existing May Creek Greenway Trails •Connect the Park to adjacent trail corridors along May Creek. Provide Trail Connections to Renton Neighborhoods •Connect the Park to adjacent neighborhoods with safe Duvall Avenue NE crossings and a safe route to the Park entrance. •Connect existing bus stops to the Park entrance with a safe route. •Provide bike pathways and bike parking in the Park. Provide Park Development for Families •Provide a play area. •Provide picnicking areas. •Provide sport courts (pickleball, tennis, and basketball courts). Provide Park Facilities •Provide a restroom facility. •Provide a heated restroom facility with sewer connection. •Provide drinking fountains (water bottle fill stations, dog drinking fountains). •Provide trash receptacles. Maximize Open Space for Unprogrammed Recreation •Maximize lawn space for picnicking, informal gathering, and unprogrammed play. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Appendix B Conceptual Design Alternatives 6 July 2024 Maximize Restoration and Habitat Enhancement •Remove invasive vegetation. •Install appropriate native vegetation. •Maximize improvements to May Creek riparian area. •Improve May Creek stream habitat with the placement of wood to provide interstitial habitat niches for migrating salmon use. •Restore wetland and wetland buffer habitat function. Maximize Forest and Habitat Preservation •Protect existing landmark trees. •Protect existing canopy. •Protect existing wetland habitat. Provide Environmental Education and Stewardship •Provide areas to assist with future stewardship programs (trails, gathering areas, signage). •Provide an indoor gathering area for a larger environmental education facility. •Provide interpretive signs and kiosks. •Provide a native plant nursery for hands on education opportunities. Provide Public Art and Placemaking •Identify prominent areas to integrate public art. •Provide trailhead kiosk for Renton’s May Creek Greenway. •Locate entry signage at key location to identify Park location and entry prominent. Provide Parking •Provide sufficient parking for visitors. Avoid Impacts to Neighbors •Avoid locating high-use area directly adjacent to residential neighbors. •Protect secured access point for City to access the stormwater pond. •Maintain offset from the stormwater pond fence to deter users from trying to access the pond. Maximize Safety and Accessibility •Provide open sightlines between all Park development areas. •Maximize Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) access to Park development areas. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Appendix B Conceptual Design Alternatives 7 July 2024 Consider Value to Cost •Maximize value gained for construction cost. Consider Permit Feasibility •Avoid impacts to regulated wetland, stream, and buffer habitats. •Avoid code variances for proposed work. •Design a self-mitigating project with overall net ecological benefit. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Appendix B Conceptual Design Alternatives 8 July 2024 DESIGN PROGRAM This preliminary design program is the starting point for the Project design and consists of a list of the design assumptions and elements and that are included in the Project’s alternative designs. Park Development Facilities •Restroom (indoor plumbed or portable toilet enclosure) •Environmental education center (building) •Play area •Sport courts •Open lawn Trails •Pervious trails •Impervious trails Recreation Amenities •Drinking fountain •Outdoor water filling station •Interpretive signage •Benches •Picnic tables •Trash and recycling receptacles in the Project area Art and Placemaking •Environmental education signage and kiosks •Public art integration •Entry signage Parking and Access •Vehicle parking •Bike parking •Fire truck access and turnaround •Gate for secured stormwater pond access AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Appendix B Conceptual Design Alternatives 9 July 2024 Utilities •Water •Electrical •Sewer •Stormwater Restoration and Habitat Enhancement •Invasive plant removal •Native planting •In-stream wood placement Forest and Habitat Preservation •Tree protection •Understory planting (for diversity, vegetated strata, habitat) Design Considerations •50-year design life •Potential future acquisition property to the west is likely. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Appendix B Conceptual Design Alternatives 10 July 2024 SUMMARY OF CONCEPTUAL ALTERNATIVES Alternative 1 Alternative 1 has a focus on passive recreation and limited access. This design includes just a few traditional park elements; a small footprint for active recreation, and a large area dedicated to habitat protection, restoration, and enhancement activities. The existing access driveway has been used and improved upon, with a parking lot at the end for 18 cars. A small comfort station and trailhead kiosk are included along with a large natural play area and open lawn. A small picnic shelter is included as well as a small amphitheater/stage on the future parcel. The trail corridors for this alternative are simplistic, allowing for many areas to remain protected. Pervious trails loop from the active recreation area through wilder parts of the Park, providing views of May Creek and wetlands while minimizing disturbances to creek and wetland buffers. Access to future trail connections exist on the east side of the Park, as well as areas for interpretive signage along the trails, public art, and opportunities for placemaking. This alternative includes a crosswalk south of the Park at NE 24th Street and Duvall Avenue NE to increase foot traffic to the Park as well as safety. See Figure 3 for plan graphic. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Appendix B Conceptual Design Alternatives 11 July 2024 Figure 3 Alternative 1 – Focus on Passive Recreation and Limited Access AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) Appendix B Conceptual Design Alternatives 12 July 2024 Alternative 2 Alternative 2 has a focus on park recreation and trail access. The existing access was used and expanded upon. Various Park amenities are centralized in an existing flat, clear opening outside of wetland buffers and wooded areas. Because a portion of this area is currently privately owned, this alternative design may need to take place in phases, with a second development phase starting when the additional parcel is acquired by the City. At the end of the access road is a parking lot with space for 24 cars, as well as an additional small lot with 4 ADA parking stalls off the large environmental education building (open air rustic shelter). Nearby is a small comfort station and trail head, along with a picnic shelter, seating, and a natural play space. In addition to these features, a basketball court and tennis/pickleball court are part of this alternative, along with a native propagation nursery area and a small, enclosed dog park. This design also includes two large open lawn spaces and a pervious trail network connecting all active recreation and amenities with the wilder areas of the Park. These pathways wind through woods and wetlands to viewpoints and to the creek. At trail intersections, wide nodes accommodate benches for resting and interpretive signage. A switchback trail leads up the hill to the nearby neighborhood to the south and another leads down the hill to provide creek access to the north. These trails would be as accessible as possible and may include stairs but would not likely be ADA-accessible. An opportunity exists for stormwater treatment from the parking lot in the form of raingardens, and there is an ongoing need for invasive species removal and stewardship throughout the park. A crosswalk south of the Park at NE 24th Street and Duvall Avenue NE is recommended for this alternative to allow for safer neighborhood access to the trailheads. See Figure 4 for plan graphic. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Appendix B Conceptual Design Alternatives 13 July 2024 Figure 4 Alternative 2 – Focus on Park Recreation and Trail Access AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) Appendix B Conceptual Design Alternatives 14 July 2024 DESIGN CRITERIA COMPARISON MATRIX The below matrix ranks each criterion on a scale of low to high for each alternative, with “low” meaning that the alternative least meets the criterion and “high” meaning that it most meets the criterion. High Most meets criterion Medium Moderately meets criterion Low Least meets criterion Criterion Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Maximize Trail Development Within the Park Low High Connect to Existing May Creek Greenway Trails Medium High Provide Trail Connections to Renton Neighborhoods Medium High Provide Park Development for Families Medium High Provide Park Facilities Medium High Maximize Open Space for Unprogrammed Recreation Medium High Maximize Restoration and Habitat Enhancement High Medium Maximize Forest and Habitat Preservation High Medium Provide Environmental Education and Stewardship Medium High Provide Public Art and Placemaking High Low Provide Parking Low High Avoid Impacts to Neighbors High Medium Maximize Safety and Accessibility Medium High Consider Value to Cost High Medium Consider Permit Feasibility High Medium AGENDA ITEM #8. d) APPENDIX C COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT DATA AGENDA ITEM #8. d) 1 City of Renton Northeast Renton Park Master Plan Community Engagement Results AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) 2 •Touchpoint #1 February 2024 Input on site opportunities and constraints •Touchpoint #2 March to April 2024 Input on design concepts •Touchpoint #3 June 2024 Input on draft preferred design Engagement Results AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) Community Engagement – Touchpoint #1 February 2024 AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) 44 Community Outreach Postcard Mailer – Sent over 4,000 postcards to all mailing addresses within 1/2 mile of site (Feb. 20, 2024) Display Boards – Posted community engagement boards on rotation at Renton Facilities (Feb. 16, 2024 – present) City Newsletter – Distributed project information in “This Week in Renton” Newsletter (Feb. 28, 2024) Utility Billings – Distributed project information in monthly utility bill mailings (Feb. 2024) Social Media – Posted project information on City social media (Feb. 2024 – present) Website – Created a website to serve as a central engagement hub to share information and gather feedback (Feb. 2024) AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) 5 Community Outreach: Online Engagement AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) 6 What Kinds of New Features/Facilities Do You Want? Here’s What We Heard: Sports Facilities Requests for pickleball courts, including dedicated courts, multiple courts, permanent nets, and lighting Desire for basketball and tennis courts Suggestion for a disc golf course Mention of turf sports fields with lights Nature Preservation Concerns and requests to protect wildlife habitats and May Creek Desire for walking trails through forested areas Suggestions to eradicate invasive plants and preserve surrounding environment Playground and Amenities Requests for a revamped playground with facilities for various age groups Desire for covered bench seating, restrooms, a paved walking loop, and parking Mention of an obstacle course, RC course, and water activities Connection to Trail Networks Requests for sidewalks and infrastructure improvements to enhance access to the new park Dog Park Requests for an off-leash dog park Suggestions for a dedicated area for dogs AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) Community Engagement – Touchpoint #2 March and April 2024 AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) 9 Community Outreach: Online Engagement AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) 10 Community Outreach: In-Person Engagement AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) 11 Community Outreach: Online Engagement OFF-LEASH DOG AREA? AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) 12 Open Ideas AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) 13 We need a splash park or water park for kids to run through! -Shannon I want to make sure this park is ADA accessible. Disabled people deserve to enjoy the outdoors and be a part of the experience as well. Especially disabled children. I hope all walkways, playgrounds, and amenities are wheelchair accessible. -Manisha I'm concerned with the access to the park, along with pedestrian safety. That curve on Coal Creek Parkway that the park is proposed to sit adjacent to is a known danger zone, where speeds routinely exceed 45-50 mph, and accidents are common. By what method are pedestrians to safely cross Coal Creek Pkwy to access the trail connection on the west side of the road? -BL great space to build a park and allow the public to access a green space area. My hope is that it is a park that reflects and retains the natural space while also providing the aspects of a park where people can gather and play in nature. -JS Beautiful location and I really LOVE the idea of the trail connection to sidwalk near the adjacent neighborhood. I am disappointed that the sport courts (pickleball specifically) did not make it into this design. I am disappointed that there is not a plan to include the connection to the Newcastle trail network from the outset. I have concerns about traffic and safety at the sidwalk connection to the Newcastle trail network instead. Coal Creek Parkway was originally a county road and had a speed limit of 50mph. Since the City of Renton has had the road, it's speed limit has been reduced to 35mph, but no design elements of the road were changed to reflect that. The road still feels like one you can go 50mph on and people do + much faster. Right now, almost no one uses that intersection crosswalk on foot and that is good because the folks ripping down Coal Creek Pkwy approaching from the south are coming around a nearly blind curve. If the park results in increased foot traffic at that intersection, I have serious concerns about folks getting hit by these cars as well as the affect that will have on North/South traffic. That section of Coal Creek Pkwy already backs up significantly at certain times of day. Adding delays to the movement of N/S traffic (longer and more frequent red lights due to foot traffic between new park and Newcastle trail network) may significantly worsen the problem. Could we not include the connector trail from the outset of the project and/or design the part of the connect that crosses Coal Creek as an underground passage or overhead walkway (my strong preference being the underground option). This concept includes a future outdoor environmental education area. Without a specific plan for its use, I worry that it will go unused. I have seen those structures sit mostly unused in many parks. I would much prefer to have a sport court of some kind over this. Please engage the Langley Ridge Community about the potential use of the trail easement on the tracts north of their development. I am sure residents there will be keen to understand the likelihood that the easement will be used and what measures will be taken to ensure that those using them do not venture off the trails and onto their properties. I'd love to see at least one bike rack incorporated into the parking lot or elsewhere. There are a lot of neighborhoods at a medium distance from the park and I could easily imagine folks wanting to have the option to ride their bikes there instead of walking or driving. -Stephen LaPlante I see deer and bobcats in this area frequently. How does this project ensure that these animals will continue to have sufficient habitat to survive? -Stephen LaPlante Why in the world would we put in portable toilets? -Bourbonisgood The image shows side walk on the west side of coalcreek as "existing"; that sidewalk doesn't exist today. As a lot of people point out, there needs to be imporovements on being able to access this Park. People do like to speed down Duvall, there needs to be safe side walks. I have seen atleast a dozen accidents. -Dags Hi! Please leave park bathrooms open year round! Child and senior residents need them. It was a challenge with them closed 2023- 2024. Revise your toileting plan! It's tacky at best to close them. They are an essential service. -DMR Provide trail access from the south or east for people and kids in Summerwind and Newcastle terrace. -Ryan Please add a dog park, pickleball, and basketball. -Tony The radio control hobby has grown immensely. My son and I have gotten involved with this fun past time in the rock crawling part of it, but it has been difficult to find courses. We live very close to where this park will be developed and would love for it to include a 1/10th scale rc crawler course with varying terrain, bridges, ramps, off camber obstacles and the like. The closest course I know of is at Remote Control Hobbies in Covington. Please consider this as part of the development. My son and I would greatly appreciate it. Renton citizen since 1996. -Patrick AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) 14 Hello, Me and several friends would love to see that or part of that be a disc golf course. It’s so much fun and afterward we usually go out somewhere to eat. I hope you would consider making it a disc golf course because I know there would be a lot of people that would use it and enjoy it. Thank you, Maxine Nagel -Maxine 1. Would love to see dedicated pickleball courts with lights for the evening time. The demand is very, very high and the number of public courts in Renton is few. 2. An off leash dog park is a much needed space that Renton also doesn't have very many of. 3. Walking trails through shaded forest areas to connect with nature. The PB courts and dog park can be further away from housing and the creek, closer to the road. -PhilT Lit up tennis courts please! Coulon Park and Liberty Park fill up so quickly on nice days. -Maria Please do not allow access to May Creek. Foot traffic would disrupt both the residents and wildlife. Also, there were numerous bear sightings last year. Have you considered the potential encounters between wildlife and people/dogs if you add trails? -Karissa_alana I feel it would be a great place for a disc golf course. It’s a fun sport that will bring a lot of people to this area to play and to visit local restaurants and stores. It will also help keep people who live here playing here and not having to travel 15 plus miles to spend money in other areas. Renton deserves the economical boost from this park. Being a resident who lives in the near the park site. I would love to see a place for our community members to congregate and play and have fun. -WoodyB The idea of open spaces are needed but worry about tax dollars being spent on outlay and upkeep. Where is funding coming from? -Connected Neighbor Lighted pickleball courts in this neighborhood park? I do not think so. Play area for kids? YES Sheltered picnic area? YES. Soft trails? YES. Pickleball? NO! It's a semi-rural area; part of the May creek Greenway; home to loads of wildlife. Which means subdued & minimal lighting. -MB I think a new park is a nice idea. Parks are important. But what about finishing the sidewalk refresh project in Maplewood Glen? Our driveway entrances are sunken and get flooded everytime it rains. But 2 doors down is fresh, new, non -flooding. -Astreiss No off leash dog area. There is enough noise in this area already. There are deer and bear who frequent the area and it would not be good for them. -Sue Basketball court Obstacle course Soccer field -Ali Gil Maybe a dog park would be good. -MA The city of Renton needs to put in turf sports fields with lights.-Thersident More trails that are NOT paved! Soft surface! Hiking/jogging forested –Shannon Gifford We need pickleball courts with lights please! As many courts as possible ! There is a huge demand in Renton -Scott More pickleball courts please. At least 6 -Joy Basketball and tennis courts dog park walking trails are what are needed inthis area -Yasmin Ali Please don't allow physical access to may Creek. -Sue Please include access to creek and some water activities. -MA Having a basketball court is a must. -MA Pickle ball court with lights. Disc golf baskets. -Hellopeanutpoms Pickleball courts with lights -Susan Pickleball! Four courts would be awesome. These tennis courts get built and get no use. We play year round and there's a huge community of players -SeyiA91 Please install dedicated pickleball courts with lights -David AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) 15 Renton desperately needs PICKLEBALL courts!! There are times where the wait is HOURS to play at the current parks. A great option is to build tennis court with pickleball lines so community members can bring their own nets or for the city to provide nets (similar to Seattle). -hellorosiedoodle Please add at least 3 Pickleball courts. Currently we have 250 pickleball players for one court. Thank you -Fernando Can we please get tennis and basketball courts here? :) -Joyce What is your plan to protect the wildlife that currently frequents those properties? Their current habitat has already been shrunk significantly by housing projects. -Karen I would love to have more pickleball courts with permanent nets & lights so we can play after work. I see many empty tennis courts that are not being used. Please create more pickleball courts for us. Thank you! -PBFanatic I’d love to see more pickleball courts with decent lighting for the evenings. -PD 3 more dedicated pickleball courts -Kofucious Please have lots of covered bench seating, and a play area that can be used for many different age groups of children, restrooms, a paved walking loop, and a parking lot. -Blackberry Pickleball courts would be so appreciated. Please consider putting in several courts as there is a shortage in the Renton highlands. -Joyful It would be great to have a disc golf course. -Beelaroo This is an incredibly exciting project! We live closer to Jay Berrys and there are hardly any sidewalks or good biking trails. Quality parks are needed in this community. Selfishly, I would love to see pickleball courts. However, I know wildlife continues to be pushed out as humans develop more. In an ideal world, it would be great to have the majority of this area used for nature trails, preserve the surrounding environment for plants and animals, eradicate invasive plants like blackberries, and maybe squeeze some pickleball courts in closer to the road where human impact already exists. I would be open to volunteer opportunities to help. I am hesitant about allowing dogs due to their potential impact on wildlife, and irresponsible owners who may not clean up after them. –ewebbwilson Wonderful to hear about this park!! We are right across Duvall Ave., but don’t have a sidewalk on our side of the Duvall Ave bend to get safely to the new crosswalk for the park, please add one!! Also +1 to off leash dog park! -Laura May Creek is an important wildlife corridor. Please save as much of the trees/vegetation as possible. A viewpoint would be nice, so we can see May Creek down below. -Maria Wolcott It would be great if there was an off leash dog park included. The nearest one is downtown (I only went once because it was dismal) and the nearest good dog park is on Mercer Island. In contrast, the nearest park with a play area and sport courts is at Lske Boren, a couple miles down the road. -MuttsRule I would love to see New PICKLEBALL COURTS on this community with Renton have very few areas to play I think it would really build the community and help develop strong relationships. Also a revamped playground with fun for kids. My family is walking distance to this park and would to see it be followed through! -Jrichartz14 Connecting to the Terrace and Highland trains will be a fantastic feature!. -eytrenton Dedicated pickleball courts would be amazing to have and an efficient use of space since you can fit 4 in the same space as 1 tennis court. Nearby Lake Boren Park has blended courts that are poor for pickleball because the net is a different height for tennis and the courts have faint red lines for pickleball on a green surface that are difficult to see even for non-colorblind people. An area of the park sectioned off for an off- leash dog area would also be welcome. -PicklelessinRenton AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) 16 Ideas Votes A lot of parking spots in Concept #1 0 Make parking space sizes generous in size so cars can fit well 0 More parking is better - Definitely ADA 0 A structure to picnic or gather, a paved loop or boardwalk to walk. No pool, no art work it will just get tagged, pls working bathrooms 0 Keep it simple 0 ADA Accessible trails/bridges (and they don't need to be paved)2 Art installations throughout the park - use natural or plants to create beautiful moments along trail 0 Public Art is great ideas 0 Big playground 3 Little house for baby and kid and a big house for older kids 0 Metal slide so people don't get electric charge 0 Play house 0 Seesaw / Swing / Soccerfield 0 Slide 0 Tube Slide 0 Two swings 0 Yes, playground 0 Zipline, Swing, Garden 0 Climbing Wall 5 Climbing wall with various difficulties and ability to use ropes and protection.5 Great idea!0 Ideas Votes Pool 1 Dog park area 0 The closest true fenced in dog park is in downtown Renton. So many people end up going to the baseball field at Honey Dew elementary to run their dogs. Would be nice to have a dog area. 0 Emergency/safety pillars or some alert in the park to ensure safety of visitors 3 Emergency alert pillars - see Bellevue Park trails 0 Security & safety gate keeping cars out & drug users 0 Signage needs to be by the road & visible when people drive by 0 Signs of what to do if you see a bear, unhoused, other animals, etc 0 It would be great to add some open paved spaces embedded throughout the park for rollerskating 0 It’s a great activity for kids & adults both, but a learning curve. So having paved areas in open space is nice. People use tennis courts to learn but we don’t want to ruin those courts. There’s indoor courts but people get nervous about learning with more experienced skaters :) 0 Large playground, with covered area and splash pool. Both examples do not look like there is enough interaction for children and families 1 More areas for families 1 More trails - the better 0 Ideas Votes Concept #2 is the version that seems to invite more interaction!1 Love this. Can be used by any age group 0 Move some trail connections & loops from concept 2 to concept 1 and boardwalk 0 Combine the Viewshed Loop w/the access to creek 0 I really like #2 for the trails (seems to be more than #1) Also - future connection to Newcastle trail network. I love that! 0 Need access from Glencoe neighborhood to park without having to backtrack on sidewalks & crosswalks @ 24th & Duvall 2 Crosswalks w/light on Duvall 0 Need crosswalk @ 24th & Duvall | Sidewalks!0 Off leash dog area, and dog leash walking trails please!4 A big dog park 0 Cat park/Dog park/ Nature trail/ ziplines / Thanks!0 Dog Park 0 Yes Dog Park!0 Outside class 0 Education center w/outdoor classroom (example, Tiny Trees outdoor preschool)0 Nature club, meets on Saturdays at 1pm for wild animals and plants to help the environment 0 Wi-Fi 0 Please visit the Lewis & Creek park in Newcastle area Bellevue. That park has wetlands, steep areas and it’s got trails. Emulate that park. 0 May I suggest the perfect park? 0 AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) 17 Ideas Sum of Votes We need an amazing destination playground. Water features for splash play. Bouncy flooring not wood chips. Covered picnic area. 3 Playground ideas 3 Yes to bouncy flooring!0 Working telescope 0 Yes! Love telescope! Goes along with Darksky.org principles and keeping a natural space 0 Zipline 3 Yes, zipline 0 Zipline!0 Grand Total 40 Ideas Sum of Votes Provide some covered play area (like in NM for example)7 Covered play areas are so important - Kids can use in rain & when really hot too!0 Kids need a place to play in the rain and very hot weather. Something that works with the log play ground idea. Thanks! 7 Sand pit / digging area.0 There is a sand pit at the Lake Sammamish park and also one in a park in capitol hill. Really huge. Kids love to dig and it would be great to have an area where they can just go do that. 0 Skate park / Face painting 0 Ball pit 0 Skate park!0 Snack area, tent for sunny days 1 A nice bbq place 0 A picnic area where the sun hits 0 A place to do birthday parties 0 Sport general running, soccer 1 I like concept 2 WITHOUT sport fields 0 No pickleball we have in other parks. No to basketball.0 No playing field. For wild animals and plants 0 Soccer field / basketball court / Garden 0 Sunset viewing opportunities 1 Trails that connect under the bridge from May Valley to Newcastle Highlands 2 One long trail system!2 AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) Community Engagement – Touchpoint #3 June 2024 AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) 19 https://intheloop.rentonwa.gov/northeastrentonpark? tool=guest_book#tool_tab AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) 20 https://intheloop.rentonwa.gov/northeastrentonpark?to ol=guest_book#tool_tab AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) 21 https://intheloop.rentonwa.gov/northeastrenton park?tool=guest_book#tool_tab AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) 22 Community Engagement Summary Community Touchpoint 1 Community Touchpoint 2 Community Touchpoint 3 AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) 23 Survey Results AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) 24 Survey Results – How does the Preliminary Final Park Design make you feel? Ranking Bellevue Issaquah Kent Renton Seattle Grand Total980069802798030980559805698057980589805998116981789818898198 Very Happy 1 1 1 4 13 5 3 11 1 1 1 42 Happy 8 8 10 4 15 1 46 Neutral 1 2 1 1 9 14 Unhappy 2 1 2 10 15 Very Unhappy 1 1 1 3 6 Grand Total 1 1 1 14 26 18 10 48 1 1 1 1 123 Survey Results: How Does the Preliminary Final Park Design Make You Feel? AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) 25 Nature and Trails •Beautiful boardwalks, views, green and natural spaces, and environmental stewardship •Desire for environmental education and clear signage •Some concerns about mosquitos in stormwater ponds; suggestion for bat houses/natural repellent Recreation Facilities •Desire for dog parks (potentially off-leash); playgrounds with a variety of activities; sports facilities such as skateparks, disc golf course, and volleyball; and picnic and exercise areas with public art displays Parking and Accessibility •More parking spaces •Provide access including ADA-accessible pathways and transit access •Need for pedestrian bridge or tunnel across Coal Creek Parkway Community and Safety •Desire for the park to be a welcoming and safe place for families and kids •Concerns about vandalism and the potential for parks becoming homeless encampments General Feedback •Excitement about a new park •Appreciation for features like picnic areas, emergency beacons, and trailhead kiosks with wayfinding •Maintain natural landscape: balance natural areas with new access Summary of Favorite Things AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) 26 Nature and Trails •Concerns on trails affecting existing wetlands •Opposition to park lightning that may disrupt wildlife •Uncertainty on how stormwater ponds will affect mosquitos Recreation Facilities •Disappointment that pickleball courts were removed •Feel there is a lack of sports courts •Desire for playgrounds, splash parks, and permanent restrooms •Suggestion for sports facilities and a pump track for bikes Parking and Accessibility •Concerns about car break-ins and increase in crime •Site is difficult to access without car •Need additional parking due to potential park expansion •Suggestion of adding bike racks •Concerns for safe crossing across Coal Creek Parkway •Important to connect to other trailsCommunity and Safety •Concerns about vandalism and the potential for parks becoming homeless encampments •Concerns about park to becoming an attractive nuisance Dog Park Specific •Mixed opinions on including an off-leash dog area •Concerns on pet feces •Requests for a larger (separate?) dog park for pet owners rather than in the park Summary of Least Favorite Things AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) 27 •“An exciting concept for the new Northeast Renton Park. Numerous opportunities for recreation proposed for the new park.Congratulations to the Renton Parks and Recreation, consultants, stakeholders, and the public for an amazing new park for the Renton community.”—Alan Wyatt •“How about fixing what's broken, and paying off some debt before buying a new set of rims for our car?”—Robert Henderson •“How about some nice soccer fields in Renton or fixing up the horrible ones at Ron Regis.”—Julie K. •“Looks great. What address is this near” Response was provided “The city re built the Kiwanis park next to Honeydew elem. It's beautifully done. The ball field behind Honeydew was relandscaped nicely and gets a lot of use. When will the huge new Sunset project apts open? I hope Joannes will stay open. And who will move in the old Dicks bldg? We want trader Joes! Renton rocks!”—Nora Williams Cottrill Reply to above: “In talking with the mayor of another city, I learned it's the stores/company people need to talk to when they want a store in a certain area if they hear a lot of voices saying they want their brand in a certain spot, they're more likely to want to move there.”—Angela Noon Social Media Comments: June 16, 2024 AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) 28 Social Media Comments, June 23, 2024 AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) 29 Social Media Comments: June 23, 2024 (cont.) Overall, public opinion was very positive, especially about keeping the forested and natural aspects of the site •Liked paths, especially ADA paths •Liked signage, interpretive information •How many miles of pathways will there be? •Will unleashed dogs be allowed on the paths? •Will there be garbage and recycling cans on paths and educational signs? •Liked preserving heritage trees •Liked erosion and lighting mitigation •Do want good lighting on paths •Liked plan to connect to other existing trails outside the park •The kids’ play area was also well received •Liked zip line •What about a splash pad? •Would like baby swings •Liked more natural climbing structures— like the ones that look like logs •Monkey bars AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) 30 Social Media Comments: June 23, 2024 (cont.) One of the most popular features was the dog park—lots of excitement about that! •Want to make sure it is enclosed •How will rules be enforced? Infrastructure questions •Plumbed bathrooms vs. porta-potties? •Picnic benches in the shelter? •Fireplace in the shelter? Community gardens were popular •Covered classroom area? Picnic shelter as option? •Just demonstration or also available for residents to rent garden plots? Safety issues •Really busy road with lots of speeders •Dangerous to cross •Parking is not visible from street AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) 31*This information has been added to slide 5 as well Social Media Comments: June 23, 2024 (cont.) •“Dog park would be great. Boardwalks and viewpoints are beautiful.” •“More parking! Connection to nearby neighborhoods. Love nature.” •“Bathrooms or access to are needed” •“[Smiley face]” •“Outdoor exercise equipment (stretching, etc)” •“Public art displays. Educational signs about nature during walk.” •“Love the trails. More enviro areas.” •“Love the dog park – not enough in Renton. Trails [checkmark]” •“Keep it natural, excited to see more parks in Renton” •“Always love parks” •“Skatepark” •“Nature [smiley face]” •“Love the trails/nature. Too many parks/places are concrete.” •“It seems like a nice addition to the nearby neighborhoods. Since it is a wetland area, what is the mosquito population like? It’s hard to enjoy the park if you’re too busy slapping at them. Maybe an addition of bat houses in the trees or natural spray or plants to ward off mosquitos, no-see-ums, etc.” •“Feedback from kid: Rock climbing, swings” AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . d ) APPENDIX D CITY STAKEHOLDER MEETING NOTES AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Meeting Notes Stakeholder Meeting #1, Community Outreach Series 1 Northeast Renton Park Master Planning Project 2:00 to 3:00 p.m., January 24, 2024, Renton City Hall Attendees Name Organization Title Jason Lederer Renton Parks and Recreation Parks Planning Manager Anna Spooner Anchor QEA Project Manager Rachel Andersen Anchor QEA Landscape Architect Betsy Severtsen Renton Parks and Recreation Capital Projects Coordinator Samuel Stolmeier City of Renton Water System Engineer Joe Stowell City of Renton Wastewater Utility Manager Ellen Talbo City of Renton Transportation Planning Manager Alex Morganroth City of Renton City Planner Joe Farah City of Renton Surface Water Engineering Manager Meeting Notes Representatives from the City of Renton (City) and Anchor QEA gathered on Wednesday, January 24, 2024, for the first of a series of stakeholder meetings for the Northeast Renton Park (Park) Master Planning Project (Project). Anna Spooner, Anchor QEA Project Manager, provided a short presentation to review the findings of the site inventory and analysis and to present known opportunities and constraints. The meeting participants then had an open forum to discuss the Project and to review additional opportunities and constraints relevant to the Project. The participants discussed how the design concepts could address these items in the next stages of Project development. The following provides a summary of the meeting discussion. Neighborhood Park Through a Natural Lens The discussion started with the Parks Planning Manager emphasizing that we would like to approach the design of this Park as a neighborhood park but through a natural lens, integrating access to nature and restoration and working with the constraints of the site. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Meeting Notes January 24, 2024 Page 2 Urban Separator Overlay Alex Morganroth brought to the attention of the group that a portion of the Project site is within an area with Urban Separator Overlay Regulations. This designation provides a distinction between permanent low-density lands that protect resources and environmentally sensitive areas and the surrounding communities. Details on this can be found here: https://www.codepublishing.com/WA/ Renton/#!/Renton04/Renton0403/Renton0403110.html. Wetland and Stream Buffers Alex Morganroth also discussed with the group how the Park wetland and stream buffers, though serving an important role in protecting critical habitats, generally allow for passive recreation and pathways. He offered his assistance with permitting for these types of additions when the time comes. Meeting Sewer Requirements During the presentation, one of the constraints listed was the lack of sewer services to the site, which would be necessary in the future if the Project includes restroom facilities. Joe Stowell, Wastewater Utility Manager, led an in-depth conversation on the complexities of bringing City sewer lines to the site, with the assumption that King County would not allow a septic system to be used as an alternative. He presented two potential options: 1. The first would be to extend the City sewer line to the most suitable location in the Park, which would require that it extend the full frontage of the Park and travel a long distance uphill. This would require a grinder system with a pump. 2. A second solution would be to tie into the sewer lines at the subdivision, Crystal Ridge, just south of the Park; however, this system was installed with a temporary sewer agreement with Coal Creek. The City would need to modify that service agreement with Coal Creek. Jason Lederer suggested a third possibility: to phase the sewer connection, waiting to take on that work when the adjacent private property potentially becomes available. Other options would be to not include restroom facilities at the site at all or to consider portable restrooms. Park Access The discussion then turned to the subject of access, led by Ellen Talbo. She pointed out that the intersection at SE 95th Way and Coal Creek Parkway is within the City of Newcastle. It is owned by King County with a contract with Newcastle, who maintains it. The City of Renton owns and maintains the lighting on Coal Creek Parkway/Duvall Avenue starting at the City’s sign. There may be a maintenance agreement between the Cities of Newcastle and Renton. When the Project gets underway, signal modifications may be necessary. The protected left turns on Duvall Avenue will improve safety and be a desirable feature at the entrance of the Park, as well as planned/striped bike lanes. However, the bike lane on Duvall Avenue is currently just a narrow AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Meeting Notes January 24, 2024 Page 3 shoulder as Duvall Avenue travels southbound. Moving south toward NE 24th Street, the shoulder becomes narrower on the west side of Duvall Avenue. There is no sidewalk on the west side of Duvall Avenue at this location. Improving these bike lanes sooner may be a nice addition to the plan. The topic of site entry prompted Anna Spooner to describe the reasons why the intersection it Duvall Ave NE and SE 95th Way would make a desirable main entry, including its proximity to the intersection, relatively flat topography, open clearing with few trees, existing gravel driveway, and lack of critical/protected spaces. Secondary Access Both the discussion on restrooms and access prompted the question of whether a secondary access point, presumably at the southwest corner of the Park, would be desirable. This would reduce the distance that sewer lines would be required to travel and offer an additional access point for users. However, this corner of the site includes surface water facilities and is surrounded by steep slopes and wetland buffers, separating it from the rest of the Park. It would be a challenging place for a Park entry or Park development including a restroom. However, this is a possibility that may be considered the concept development phase of the Project. Adjacent Stormwater Facility The next topic was led by Joe Farah, Surface Water Engineering Manager. The group posed questions on how the adjacent stormwater facility could potentially be used or incorporated into the Project, if at all. Joe emphasized that the preference would be for this facility to be off-limits and avoided by Park users. It will remain fenced for safety; however, the main drive could potentially serve as a dual entrance into the Park. Screening the stormwater facility from the Park could be a possibility, but any other use or access would be unlikely. Attempting to treat the water from the stormwater facilities by introducing it into the wetlands would not be a possibility. Self-Mitigating The discussion moved on to the topic of mitigation and treating other stormwater and runoff. The discussion revolved around the benefits of the Project being self-mitigating and how the treatment of on-site stormwater may offset the installation of any impervious surfaces or other low-impact development. Restoring and enhancing the site’s natural resources, specifically wetlands and buffers, may also provide an opportunity for banking credits. Other Considerations Betsy Severtsen mentioned that she has seen school buses stopping near the Park recently and mentioned that as a consideration because of the possibility of parents wanting to use the future parking lot as a pick-up area. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Meeting Notes January 24, 2024 Page 4 Ellen Talbo followed up by email expressing an interest in potentially incorporating educational or demonstrative areas throughout the Park, such as a native medicinal garden or native foraging gardens, that could possibly be managed by local scouts or community groups. Closing The meeting ended with an overview of the next steps, including the plan for completing and presenting initial concept alternatives in March. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Meeting Notes Stakeholder Meeting #2, Community Outreach Series 2 Northeast Renton Park Master Planning Project 3:00 to 4:00 p.m., March 12, 2024, Renton City Hall Attendees Name Organization Title Jason Lederer Renton Parks and Recreation Parks Planning Manager Ian Gray Renton Parks and Recreation Urban Forestry and Natural Resources Manager Rhemy King Renton Parks and Recreation Neighborhood Programs Coordinator Steve Brown Renton Parks and Recreation Parks Maintenance Manager Samuel Stolmeier Community and Economic Development Civil Engineer Alex Morganroth Community and Economic Development Senior Planner Ellen Talbo Public Works Transportation Planning Manager Joe Farrah Public Works Surface Water Engineering Manager Anna Spooner Anchor QEA Project Manager Rachel Andersen Anchor QEA Landscape Architect Meeting Notes Representatives from the City of Renton (City) and Anchor QEA gathered on Tuesday, March 12, 2024, for the second of a series of stakeholder meetings for the Northeast Renton Park (Park) Master Planning Project (Project). Jason Lederer and Rhemy King provided an overview on the community outreach results, and Anna Spooner provided a PowerPoint presentation to go over the two alternative designs and their features, as well as the criteria used to guide the designs. The meeting participants then had an open forum to discuss the alternatives and ask questions. The following provides a summary of the meeting discussion. Community Outreach The discussion started with the Neighborhood Programs Coordinator, Rhemy King, emphasizing how well the public outreach process worked and how much feedback and information had been provided by those who participated. She gave a brief description of the online engagement app, multiple widgets, a video introducing the Project, maps, photographs, a timeline for the Project, and an option to subscribe to receive additional information on the Project in the future. All of these items were meant to familiarize the public with the Project and encourage their involvement. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Meeting Notes March 12, 2024 Page 2 Jason Lederer, the Parks Planning Manager, went on to describe the large postcard mailer that went out and how it drove a tremendous amount of traffic to the website. In addition, the City’s social media post was shared on the “I Love Renton” Facebook page, which also increased traffic to the Project website. He described how the display boards were posted in community centers and the senior center for community members to view in person, as well as in the Highlands Neighborhood Center during basketball weekend and after-school events. All of these boards and interaction opportunities directed viewers to the website and an online poll. Design Criteria Anna Spooner, Anchor QEA Project Manager, started the discussion on design criteria by reiterating that community feedback consistently pointed to an interest in environmental restoration, interpretive and nature trails, and recreation development. This feedback helped to develop the following list of criteria: 1. Maximize trail development within the Park. 2. Connect to existing May Creek Greenway trails. 3. Provide trail connections to Renton neighborhoods. 4. Provide Park development for families. 5. Provide Park facilities. 6. Maximize open space for unprogrammed recreation. 7. Maximize restoration and habitat enhancement. 8. Maximize forest and habitat preservation. 9. Provide environmental education and stewardship. 10. Provide public art and placemaking. 11. Provide parking. 12. Avoid impacts to neighbors. 13. Maximize access. 14. Consider value to cost. 15. Consider permit feasibility. Conceptual Plan Alternatives The discussion then moved on to a slideshow of the alternatives, with Anna Spooner presenting. Two alternatives were presented, with the first one focusing on recreation and Park development and the second focusing on natural resource protection, restoration, and enhancement. Anna pointed out AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Meeting Notes March 12, 2024 Page 3 that they both had overlapping program elements despite these very different themes and that the final design would likely be a combination of elements for both alternatives. She went on to present the alternatives, as follows: Alternative 1 Alternative 1 had a focus on recreation development. The existing access was used and expanded upon. Various Park amenities were centralized in an existing, flat, clear opening outside of wetland buffers and wooded areas. Because a portion of this area is currently privately owned, she pointed out how the design may need to take place in phases, with a second development phase taking place when the additional parcel is acquired by the City. At the end of the access road was a parking lot with space for 24 cars, as well as an additional small lot with four Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)-accessible parking stalls off the large environmental education building (open air rustic shelter). Nearby would be a small comfort station and trail head, along with a picnic shelter, seating, and a natural play space. In addition to these features, a basketball court and tennis/pickleball court were part of this alternative, along with a native propagation nursery area and a small, enclosed dog park. The design also included two large open lawn spaces and a pervious trail network connecting all active recreation and amenities with more wild areas of the Park. These trails winded through the woods and wetlands to viewpoints and to the creek. At trail intersections, wide nodes accommodated benches for resting and interpretive signage. A switchback trail led up the hill to the nearby neighborhood to the south, and another led down the hill to provide creek access to the north. These trails would be as accessible as possible and may include stairs but would not likely be ADA-accessible. Anna also discussed the opportunity for stormwater treatment from the parking lot in the form of raingardens and the need for ongoing invasive species removal and stewardship throughout the Park. A crosswalk south of the Park at NE 24th Street and Duvall Avenue was also recommended to allow for safer neighborhood access to the trailheads. Alternative 2 Alternative 2 had a focus on restoration, habitat enhancement, and protection. This design included fewer traditional park elements, a smaller footprint for active recreation, and more square footage of protection, restoration, and enhancement activities. The same access driveway was used and improved upon, with a parking lot at the end for 18 cars. A small comfort station and trailhead kiosk were included along with a large natural play area and open lawn. A picnic shelter was included, as well as a small amphitheater/stage on the future parcel. The trail corridors for this alternative were more simplistic, allowing for more areas to remain protected. Pervious trails looped from the active recreation area through wilder parts of the Park, providing views of May Creek and wetlands while minimizing disturbances to creek and wetland buffers. Access to future trail connections on the east were discussed, as well as areas for interpretive signage along the trails, public art, and opportunities AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Meeting Notes March 12, 2024 Page 4 for placemaking. This alternative also included a crosswalk south of the Park at NE 24th Street and Duvall Avenue to increase foot traffic to the Park as well as safety. Comparison Matrix Anna reminded the group of the list of 15 criteria items and presented a matrix, which ranked each criteria item (low, medium, high) for each alternative side by side to use as a comparison. The end goal would be to develop a final design where every criterion was met. Alternative 1 scored higher for trail development, connections to existing trails, neighborhood access, Park development, Park facilities, lighting, open space, environmental education and stewardship, parking, and access. Alternative 2 scored higher for maximizing restoration and habitat enhancement, maximizing forest and habitat preservation, public art and placemaking, avoidance of impact to neighbors, cost efficiency, and permit feasibility. Next Steps Anna reminded the group of where we were on the process, with site inventory and analysis and opportunities and constraints completed and community outreach ongoing. The next step of the process will be crafting a preferred alternative to present in April and then moving on to the final master plan in the summer. Group Discussion Following the presentation, there was an open group discussion. The following summarizes key topics discussed: • A question was asked on how the value was determined, and Anna responded that a holistic approach was used, based off of the perceived value of each element by the community, rather than a quantified approach. Anna added that a rough order of magnitude costs would be developed later in the process. • The discussion moved on to how to balance pleasing the greatest number of community members while balancing the cost of maintenance, system gaps, utilities, and stormwater. Jason pointed out that the uncertainty of whether water would be able to be brought to the site limited being able to offer restrooms and drinking fountains. Portable toilets might be the best option. Anna pointed out that these could include an enclosure to make them more appealing. • Jason questioned whether we should utilize existing trails and potentially historic access roads for future trail systems. • The group discussed taking another trip to the site to walk along existing paths and slopes to determine the most appropriate trail alignment and location for some of the Park features. • Another attendee brought up a concern with lighting, stating that we should be very careful about how we approach lighting to prevent light pollution. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Meeting Notes March 12, 2024 Page 5 • The interpretive shelter was the next item of discussion. The group talked about what this might look like, how large it might be, and if it would have walls or just a roof. Options for precedents were discussed, such as the shelters at Seward Park and Lincoln Park in Seattle. • This was followed by questions about the amphitheater and if it was an item that the City and community members valued and would use. It was agreed that it would be unlikely that this would be a suitable location for large events like weddings, but a smaller informal stage might be useful for smaller informal gatherings or educational opportunities. • The attendees were in favor of keeping the sports courts in the design for the moment to attract a variety of visitors, and one attendee mentioned that if there was limited space, pickleball might be the best option since it required less room. It was pointed out by another attendee that a combination court that allowed for pickleball and tennis might be a good option. • Another group member threw out the idea of having an environmental science center on the site. The stewardship garden was discussed as well, including questions on what type of garden this would be (a P-patch, demonstration garden, foraging garden, cultural garden, medicinal garden, or something else). Anna clarified that the intent was for it to be demonstration or native plant propagation garden, with opportunities for signage or education. In the future, it may also be possible to use these native species elsewhere in the Park for restoration work. • One attendee expressed surprise that Alternative 2, which focused on a more natural approach and restoration efforts, did not have a more expansive trail network, and they would appreciate the more natural approach but with more trail opportunities. • A comment was made on the crosswalk and how it would probably need to be a signalized crosswalk with potentially a median refuge, but this could be discussed at a later date. • Lastly, Jason pointed out that we needed to remember how this future Park was part of a trail network and consider how it would fit into the rest of the system but also how it could be used to provide Park elements that were not easily found elsewhere in Renton. It was decided on that the group should take a while to consider the designs and provide additional feedback or questions at their leisure. Next Steps and Closing The meeting ended with an overview of the next steps, including the plan for completing and presenting the preferred alternative in April. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Meeting Notes Stakeholder Meeting #3, Community Outreach Series 3 Northeast Renton Park Master Planning Project 1:00 to 2:00 p.m., May 21, 2024, Renton City Hall Attendees Name Organization Title Jason Lederer Renton Parks and Recreation Parks Planning Manager Rhemy King Renton Parks and Recreation Neighborhood Programs Coordinator Ian Gray Renton Parks and Recreation Urban Forestry and Natural Resources Manager Cailín Hunsaker Renton Parks and Recreation Parks and Trails Director Betsy Severtsen Renton Parks and Recreation Acting Capital Project Manager Steve Brown Renton Parks and Recreation Parks Maintenance Manager Alex Morganroth Community and Economic Development Senior Planner Anna Spooner Anchor QEA Project Manager Rachel Andersen Anchor QEA Landscape Architect Meeting Notes Representatives from the City of Renton (City) and Anchor QEA gathered on Tuesday, May 21, 2024, for the third of a series of stakeholder meetings for the Northeast Renton Park (Park) Master Planning Project (Project). Jason Lederer and Rhemy King provided an overview on the community outreach results, and Anna Spooner provided a PowerPoint presentation to go over the preliminary Draft Preferred Concept design and its features. The meeting participants then had an open forum to discuss the design and ask questions. The following provides a summary of the meeting discussion. Community Outreach The meeting started with Anna Spooner presenting an overview of community outreach efforts, along with a timeline of public events and traffic surges to the Project website. She also presented a series of succinct visuals of the results of all public outreach up to date, showing that the public was most interested in new Park facilities, followed by biking and walking trails and access to wetlands, trees, and forests. Environmental education, art and culture, and sports courts received less interest, and people were generally neutral when it came to an off-leash dog park. She followed with a brief overview of the previous two alternatives. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Meeting Notes May 21, 2024 Page 2 Preliminary Design Program Anna presented the following list of design program features and relevant details: • Trails ‒ Loops through diverse habitats ‒ Boardwalks and viewing areas ‒ Access to May Creek corridor ‒ Connections outside of Park ‒ Trailhead kiosk • Open lawn space • Play area with the following: ‒ Climbing structure ‒ Swings ‒ Shelter • Large shelter for environmental education and outdoor classroom • Ecological restoration areas • Rain gardens • Public art • Stewardship/cultural gardens • Environmental educational and wayfinding signage • Sport courts ‒ Pickleball ‒ Tennis ‒ Basketball • Park infrastructure ‒ Access road and parking ‒ Fire turnaround ‒ Portable toilet enclosure ‒ Lighting • Park maintenance facility/storage AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Meeting Notes May 21, 2024 Page 3 Preliminary Draft Preferred Concept Anna continued on to present the preliminary Draft Preferred Concept. This concept was a combination of the previous two design alternatives, edited to reflect the needs and wants of the community. It combined a large network of paths through forests and wetlands and along view corridors, while being careful to minimize disturbances to buffers as much as possible. Future trail connections were highlighted to the east and west and adjacent to neighborhoods. Areas for restoration and habitat enhancement were called out along May Creek throughout wetlands and buffers and throughout forested and riparian areas. A large central area contained all active recreation, including a large nature play area, stewardship and cultural gardens, a covered outdoor classroom, portable toilets, a picnic shelter, and parking for 20 vehicles. The private parcel contained potential Phase 2 amenities, including an off-leash dog park, a City maintenance shed, and sports courts. This option also included minimal lighting, public art, wayfinding, trailhead kiosks and signage, and swales/raingardens around the parking lot. Three section graphics followed, depicting a more detailed view of the active recreation area, a section of wetlands and buffers, and the forested slope and floodplain leading down to May Creek. These graphics included indications of where paths, boardwalks, viewing decks, and other amenities would be located within the landscape. Anna presented a series of precedent imagery to give a feel for the scale and materials of structures and amenities that may be found in the design. The precedent photographs covered subjects such as amenities, play areas, low-impact development features, trails and boardwalks, habitat restoration, signage, and public art. Group Discussion Following the presentation, there was an open group discussion. The following summarizes key topics discussed: • Betsy Severtsen asked for clarity on Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) access. Anna described the different types of trail surfaces and routes. The paved trails within the active recreation would be ADA accessible along with the gravel loop trails and boardwalks throughout the wooded and riparian areas. However, the trail leading south to the adjacent neighborhood and north to the May Creek neighborhood would likely not be ADA accessible and would include stretches of stairs. However, efforts could be made to make these paths as user friendly and walkable as possible. • A question was asked about trail access to the east and if it was possible to create a future connection to other nearby trails and possibly up to Cougar Mountain. Jason Lederer elaborated on the fact that the City has an access easement to the east, which allows for a future trail connection. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Meeting Notes May 21, 2024 Page 4 • Derek expressed his excitement at seeing the option of a zipline in the play area, knowing that this is a popular feature in other parks. However, when it came to the cultural gardens and dog park, he had a question of where these would be most appropriate. He mentioned that the privately-owned parcel is already flat and disturbed, making it the perfect location for these amenities, but it may be many years before the City could purchase and develop these spaces. If an amenity like a dog park is in high demand, it might be wiser to plan it for a parcel that the City already owns. • The discussion of signage came up, with Derek suggesting signage similar to Newcastle’s but with Renton’s color palette. In addition, small signs with distances and trail names such as “wetland loop” at trail nodes were something that might be useful. An attendee asked about the trailheads and if the signage at the south neighborhood trailhead would be large and attention-getting or subtle because they did not want traffic stopping along Duvall Avenue NE and parking on the side of the road to access this trail. Anna clarified that only one entrance and trailhead would have larger signage, with all other trailheads and trails having more subtle signage. Next Steps and Closing The meeting ended with an overview of the next steps, including the plan for further community outreach and completing the preferred alternative concept design and master plan development in June and July, followed by Community Services Committee, Parks Commission, and City Council engagement, and grant funding and implementation in the future. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) APPENDIX E OPINION OF PROBABLE COSTS AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan July 2024 Qty. Unit Unit Cost Subtotal a.Clear and grub site vegetation 9,000 SF 0.30$ 2,700$ b.Estimated tree removal 52 EA 770.00$ 40,040$ c.Remove asphalt paving 15,000 SF 1.40$ 21,000$ d.Miscellaneous demolition and debris removal 1 LS 5,000.00$ 5,000$ Subtotal Demolition & Clearing 68,740$ 2. Temporary Facilities a. Temporary construction fencing (chainlink) for site security, tree protection, and native plant protection 3,500 LF 15.00$ 52,500$ b.Temporary access and staging 1 LS 11,550.00$ 11,550$ c.Temporary erosion and sediment control 1 LS 70,000.00$ 70,000$ Subtotal Temporary Facilities 134,050$ 3. Earthwork a. Excavate to subgrade and stockpile for trails and park development area 6,200 CY 13.00$ 80,600$ b.Place and compact on-site stockpiled fill 6,200 CY 16.00$ 99,200$ c.Haul excess and unsuitable excavated fill material 725 CY 43.00$ 31,157$ d. Place import topsoil (6" average depth, all new planting bed areas)725 CY 55.00$ 39,853$ e.Finish grading (3-inch depth)168,000 SF 0.10$ 16,800$ Subtotal Earthwork 267,610$ 4. Utility Improvements a.Stormwater (incl LID elements, rain gardens)1 LS 200,000.00$ 200,000$ b.Electrical 1 LS 42,400.00$ 42,400$ c.Site Lighting (25' light poles with concrete bases)8 EA 9,750.00$ 78,000$ d.Communications including emergency beacons 2 EA 11,760.00$ 23,520$ Subtotal Utility Improvements 343,920$ 5. Asphalt Paving and Pavement Markings a.Install asphalt paving (2" on crushed aggregate base)23,340 SF 5.00$ 116,700$ b.Install crushed gravel shoulder (6" depth)60 CY 163.00$ 9,780$ c.Thickened asphalt edge 450 LF 16.00$ 7,200$ d.Install parking stall striping 32 EA 28.00$ 896$ e.Install cross hatching (firetruck turnaround)2,500 SF 3.40$ 8,500$ f.Install concrete wheel stops in parking area 20 EA 256.00$ 5,120$ Subtotal Asphalt Paving and Pavement Markings 148,196$ 6. Trails, Bridges, and Viewing Areas a. Install 5' wide boardwalk composite decking, bullrail, substructure, and pre-cast concrete pier blocks and attachment hardware 1 LS 125,760.00$ 125,760$ b.Install 5' wide concrete paving for pathways 764 SY 210.00$ 160,347$ c.Install 5' wide crushed gravel for pathways (6" depth)510 CY 163.00$ 83,130$ d. Install trail steps (pressure-treated 6- × 6-foot posts secured with rebar stakes)66 EA 1,400.00$ 92,400$ e. Install 5x12' footbridge with composite decking, framing, foundations, supports, guardrail, and concrete abutment 1 LS 59,040.00$ 59,040$ Subtotal Trails, Bridges, and Viewing Areas 520,677$ Item 1. Site Demolition and Clearing Opinion of Probable Construction Cost (OPCC) - Concept Design PA R K D E V E L O P M E N T AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan July 2024 7. Site Furnishings and Signage a.Furnish and install benches 12 EA 3,418.00$ 41,016$ b.Furnish and install grill 4 EA 1,800.00$ 7,200$ c.Furnish and install picnic tables 6 EA 8,159.00$ 48,954$ d.Furnish and install trash receptacles 4 EA 2,800.00$ 11,200$ e.Furnish and install bike racks 4 EA 6,300.00$ 25,200$ f.24' x 34' custom wooden picnic shelter 1 EA 170,000.00$ 170,000$ g.Park entry signage 1 EA 12,000.00$ 12,000$ h.Trail wayfinding portal post 8 EA 2,820.00$ 22,560$ i.Primary trailhead kiosk 1 EA 21,000.00$ 21,000$ j.Interpretive signs and supports 5 EA 5,000.00$ 25,000$ k.Split rail fencing 461 LF 37.00$ 17,057$ Subtotal Site Furnishings 401,187$ 8. Play Area Surfacing and Equipment a.Furnish Robinia"Jungle Dome" large climber 1 EA 70,430.00$ 70,430$ b.Furnish Robinia"Crawling Pyramid" small climber 1 EA 5,610.00$ 5,610$ c.Furnish "Spinner Plate" spinner seats 3 EA 1,380.00$ 4,140$ d.Furnish Robinia Up and Over Net 1 EA 3,240.00$ 3,240$ e.Furnish Carousel with seats 1 EA 10,730.00$ 10,730$ f.Furnish Robinia Entry Seesaw for 4 persons 1 EA 4,080.00$ 4,080$ g.Furnish Robinia Zip Line for Flat surroundings, 82'1 EA 15,090.00$ 15,090$ h.Install play area equipment 1 LS 60,000.00$ 60,000$ i.Furnish and install sand pit (24" depth)57 CY 114.00$ 6,443$ j.Furnish and install engineered wood fiber (12" depth)7,136 SF 3.05$ 21,765$ l.Furnish and install play area underdrain pipe 1 LS 17,510.00$ 17,510$ m.Install concrete curb 180 LF 60.80$ 10,944$ Subtotal Play Area Surfacing and Equipment 229,982$ 9. Planting a.Import and place topsoil (average 12" depth)2,000 CY 55.00$ 110,000$ b.Park plantings 15,000 SF 3.00$ 45,000$ c.Lawn hydroseed 40,000 SF 0.65$ 26,000$ d.Mulch (3" depth)509 CY 55.00$ 28,009$ Subtotal Planting 209,009$ 10. Irrigation a.Irrigation 55,000 SF 3.00$ 165,000$ Subtotal Irrigation 165,000$ Park Development Subtotal 2,488,371$ PA R K D E V E L O P M E N T AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan July 2024 11. In-stream and Riparian Habitat Enhancement a.Remove invasives 17,208 SF 2.45$ 42,158$ b. Large woody debris - place salvaged on-site logs with rootwads 15 EA 436.00$ 6,540$ c.Soil preparation (6" amendment)319 CY 58.00$ 18,482$ d.Planting - trees (5 gallon)70 EA 142.00$ 9,940$ e.Planting - shrub (1 gallon)400 EA 48.00$ 19,200$ f.Install mulch (3" depth)159 CY 55.00$ 8,763$ Subtotal In-stream and Riparian Habitat Enhancement 105,084$ 12. Wetland and Wetland Buffer Enhancement a.Remove invasives 128,510 SF 0.26$ 33,734$ b.Soil preparation (6" amendment)2,380 EA 58.00$ 138,029$ c.Jute fabric in planting areas with 4:1 or steeper slope 860 SF 5.25$ 4,515$ d.Planting - trees (5 gallon)260 EA 142.00$ 36,920$ e.Planting - trees (2 gallon)600 EA 78.00$ 46,800$ f.Planting - shrub (1 gallon)1,650 EA 48.00$ 79,200$ g.Planting emergent plug 4,130 EA 7.35$ 30,356$ h.Install mulch (3" depth)1,190 CY 55.00$ 65,445$ Subtotal Wetland and Wetland Buffer Enhancement 434,999$ 13. Forest Enhancement a.Remove invasives 14,993 SF 0.26$ 3,936$ b.Soil preparation (6" amendment)278 EA 58.00$ 16,103$ c.Jute fabric in planting areas with 4:1 or steeper slope 6,000 SF 5.25$ 31,500$ d.Planting - trees (5 gallon)70 EA 142.00$ 9,940$ e.Planting - shrub (1 gallon)350 EA 48.00$ 16,800$ f.Install mulch (3" depth)139 CY 55.00$ 7,635$ Subtotal Forest Enhancement 85,914$ Habitat Enhancement Subtotal 625,996$ HA B I T A T E N H A N C E M E N T AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan July 2024 14. Potential Custom Toilet Enclosure a.8' x 14' custom toilet enclosure 1 EA 145,870.00$ 145,870$ Potential Sewer Connection and Restroom Subtotal 145,870$ 15. Potential Sewer Connection and Restroom a. Clear and grub vegetation at proposed sewer conveyance (assumes 10-ft wide corridor)6700 SF 0.30$ 2,010$ b. Estimated tree removal within proposed sewer conveyance (assumes 10-ft wide corridor)17 EA 770.00$ 13,090$ c.Grinder pump station 1 EA 16,000.00$ 16,000$ d.Force main (to existing sewer)820 LF 30.00$ 24,600$ e.Directional drilling 820 LF 20.00$ 16,400$ f.Connection to existing system 1 LS 3,000.00$ 3,000$ d.Install Portland Loo 1 LS 500,000.00$ 500,000$ Potential Sewer Connection and Restroom Subtotal 575,100$ 16. Potential Park Expansion Area a.Clear and grub site vegetation 68,000 SF 0.30$ 20,400$ b.Estimated tree removal 10 EA 770.00$ 7,700$ c.Remove asphalt paving 910 SF 1.40$ 1,274$ d. 5' wide crushed gravel trail within park expansion parcel only 62 CY 163.00$ 10,106$ e.Dog park area fencing (5' tall chain link)492 LF 53.00$ 26,076$ f.Pea gravel at dog park area (6" depth)260 CY 74.00$ 19,240$ g.Sport courts (2 tennis courts/4 pickleball courts)1 LS 96,000.00$ 96,000$ h.Sport courts fencing (5' tall chainlink)600 LF 53.00$ 31,800$ i.Hydroseed mix for lawn 40000 SF 1.05$ 42,000$ j.Park plantings 15280 SF 2.00$ 30,560$ k.Irrigation 15280 SF 3.00$ 45,840$ Future Potential Park Expansion Area Subtotal 330,996$ AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan July 2024 Subtotal Park Development and Habitat Enhancement 3,114,367$ Mobilization (10%)311,437$ Subtotal Construction + Mobilization 3,425,804$ Design Contingency (25%) 856,451$ Subtotal Const. + Mob. + Design Cont.4,282,255$ Construction Contingency (10%) 428,225$ Subtotal Const. + Mob. + Design Cont. +Const. Cont.4,710,480$ Sales Tax (10.3%)485,179$ TOTAL OPCC FOR PARK DEVELOPMENT AND HABITAT ENHANCEMENT (2024 Dollars)*5,195,660$ Subtotal Toilet Enclosure 145,870$ Mobilization (10%)14,587$ Subtotal Construction + Mobilization 160,457$ Design Contingency (25%) 40,114$ Subtotal Const. + Mob. + Design Cont.200,571$ Construction Contingency (10%) 20,057$ Subtotal Const. + Mob. + Design Cont. +Const. Cont.220,628$ Sales Tax (10.3%)22,725$ TOTAL OPCC FOR TOILET ENCLOSURE OPTION (2024 Dollars)*243,353$ Subtotal Sewer Connection and Portland Loo 575,100$ Mobilization (10%)57,510$ Subtotal Construction + Mobilization 632,610$ Design Contingency (25%) 158,153$ Subtotal Const. + Mob. + Design Cont.790,763$ Construction Contingency (10%) 79,076$ Subtotal Const. + Mob. + Design Cont. +Const. Cont.869,839$ Sales Tax (10.3%)89,593$ TOTAL OPCC FOR SEWER CONNECTION AND RESTROOM OPTION (2024 Dollars)*959,432$ Sutotal Future Potential Park Expansion Area 330,996$ Mobilization (10%)33,100$ Subtotal Construction + Mobilization 364,096$ Design Contingency (25%) 91,024$ Subtotal Const. + Mob. + Design Cont.455,120$ Construction Contingency (10%) 45,512$ Subtotal Const. + Mob. + Design Cont. +Const. Cont.500,631$ Sales Tax (10.3%)51,565$ TOTAL OPCC FOR FUTURE POTENTIAL PARK EXPANSION AREA (2024 Dollars)*552,196$ AGENDA ITEM #8. d) Northeast Renton Park Master Plan July 2024 NOTES: 2) In providing opinions of probable construction cost, the Client (City of Renton) understands that the Consultant (Anchor QEA L.L.C.) has no control over the cost or availability of labor, equipment or materials, or over market condition or the Contractor's method of pricing, and the consultant's opinions of probable construction costs are made on the basis of the Consultant's professional judgment and experience. The Consultant makes no warranty, expressed or implied, that the bids or the negotiated cost of the Work will not vary from the Consultant's opinion of probable construction cost. 4) Not Included (Construction Items): Environmental Cleanup, Portable Restroom Units, Public Art, Signage, Demolition of Existing House and Accessory Buildings, and Demolition of the Foundations Associated with Site Buildings. 3) Not Included (Construction Related): Design/Engineering Fees, Project Management, Survey, Planning & Design Review, Bidding, Construction Phase Project Management & Administration, Construction Inspection, Environmental Permitting, Property Purchase, Water Connection Utilities, and Permit Related Monitoring. 1) All costs are in 2024 dollars. AGENDA ITEM #8. d) AB - 3917 City Council Regular Meeting - 08 Sep 2025 SUBJECT/TITLE: Washington State Criminal Justice Training Commission (CJTC) 2025 Wellness Grant RECOMMENDED ACTION: Refer to Finance Committee DEPARTMENT: Police Department STAFF CONTACT: Ryan Rutledge, Deputy Chief of Police EXT.: 7512 FISCAL IMPACT SUMMARY: In June of 2025, the Renton Police Department was awarded $24,342 from the WA State Criminal Justice Training Commision (CJTC) 2025-2026 wellness grant. RPD will use this grant to continue funding quarterly wellness check-ins with Bravura Counseling. Bravura Counseling offers, ten (10) quarterly check-ins for commissioned and non-commissioned police department employees to anonymously sign up for a fifty (50) minute virtual counseling session. Accepting the grant to help fund this program positively impacts the health and wellness of our police staff that take advantage of this resource. There is no grant match required for the acceptance of these funds. Authorization is requested for additional budget appropriations for the Police Department in the amount of $24,342 offset by additional grant revenues of the same amount and will be included in the mid-biennial budget adjustment SUMMARY OF ACTION: In June of 2025, the Renton Police Department was awarded $24,342 from the WA State Criminal Justice Training Commision (CJTC) 2025-2026 wellness grant. RPD will use this grant to continue funding quarterly wellness check-ins with Bravura Counseling. Bravura Counseling offers, ten (10) quarterly check-ins for commissioned and non-commissioned police department employees to anonymously sign up for a fifty (50) minute virtual counseling session. Accepting the grant to help fund this program positively impacts the health and wellness of our police staff that take advantage of this resource. EXHIBITS: A. CJTC Wellness Grant STAFF RECOMMENDATION: Staff recommends approval of the WA State Criminal Justice Training Center (CJTC) grant and approve budget appropriation of $24,342. AGENDA ITEM #8. e) DRAFT Washington State Criminal Justice Training Commission WSCJTC Contract No. K65 Program Index 529 This Contract is between the State of Washington, Washington State Criminal Justice Training Commission and the Contractor identified below and is governed by Department of Enterprise Services Procurement Policies. Contractor Name: Renton Police Department Contact: Eli Sims Contractor Address: 1055 S. Grady Way, Renton, WA 98057 Contact Telephone: 425-430-7560 Contact E-Mail esims@rentonwa.gov Statewide Vendor Number: (SWV): Click here to apply or provide number below: 001220 WSCJTC Contact Information Manager of this contract or project. Name and Title. Susan Rogel, Grant Manager E-mail Address Susan.Rogel@cjtc.wa.gov Telephone 206-939-8437 Contract Start Date Contract End Date June 30, 2026 Contract Maximum Amount $24,342 Subcontracting Authorized? Y/N Y Travel Expenses Authorized? Y/N Y FOR THE WSCJTC: FOR THE CONTRACTOR: Susan Rogel Renton Police Department Manager Date Francesca Heard Contractor Business Name Department Manager Date Monica Alexander Date Executive Director Date Holly White Contractor signature Armondo Pavone, Mayor Apavone@rentonwa.gov WSCJTC Contract Specialist Date Print Name & Title AGENDA ITEM #8. e) DRAFT Statement of Work. This contract was won competitively, and contract incorporates by reference the Statement of Work WSCJTC published in the Request for Proposal, which the Contractor’s proposal specifically agreed to perform. This grant is for the purpose of establishing officer wellness programs, to include, building resilience, injury prevention, peer support, physical fitness, proper nutrition, stress management, suicide prevention, physical health, mental health supports/services and any other program that focuses on officer wellbeing. OUTCOMES, REPORTING, AND INVOICING TIMELINES 1. Outcome Report 2. Invoice (A-19 and backup documentation (receipts for expenses, number served, rosters, training topics, etc.) – submitted in one PDF document all together) DUE DATES: 1. October 15, 2025 (July, August, & September) 2. January 15, 2026 (October, November, & December) 3. April 15, 2026 (January, February, & March) 4. July 10, 2026, FINAL submission (April, May, & June) REQUIRED OUTCOMES FOR REPORT: 1. Bravura Counseling – Document services provided, dates, topic and numbers served. 2. Complete officer survey of usefulness of all services and suggestions for future officer wellness services. Report outcomes in final report. Exclusive Agreement. This contract, with its attachments and documents incorporated by reference, contains all of the terms and conditions the parties agreed to. No other contract terms or conditions shall be deemed to exist or bind the parties. The parties signing above confirm they have read and understand this entire Contract and have the authority to enter this Contract. WSCJTC and the Contractor may amend the contract by mutual written agreement. Payment. WSCJTC shall pay the Contractor for performance of the Statement of Work, in response to invoices specifying hours worked or work completed but shall not pay in advance. Payments are made by Electronic Funds Transfer using the bank routing information the Contractor provides. Nondiscrimination. a. Nondiscrimination Requirement. During the term of this Contract, Contractor, including any subcontractor, shall not discriminate on the bases enumerated at RCW 49.60.530(3). In addition, Contractor, including any subcontractor, shall give written notice of this nondiscrimination requirement to any labor organizations with which Contractor, or subcontractor, has a collective bargaining or other agreement. b. Obligation to Cooperate. Contractor, including any subcontractor, shall cooperate and comply with any Washington state agency investigation regarding any allegation that Contractor, including any subcontractor, has engaged in discrimination prohibited by this Contract pursuant to RCW 49.60.530(3). c. Default. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary, WSCJTC may suspend Contractor, including any subcontractor, upon notice of a failure to participate and cooperate with any state agency investigation into alleged discrimination prohibited by this Contract, pursuant to RCW 49.60.530(3). Any such suspension will remain in place until WSCJTC receives notification that Contractor, including any subcontractor, is cooperating with the investigating state agency. In the event Contractor, or subcontractor, is determined to have engaged in discrimination identified at RCW 49.60.530(3), WSCJTC may terminate this Contract in whole or in part, and Contractor, subcontractor, or both, may be referred for debarment as provided in RCW 39.26.200. Contractor or subcontractor may be given a reasonable time in which to cure this noncompliance, including implementing conditions consistent with any court-ordered injunctive relief or settlement agreement. AGENDA ITEM #8. e) DRAFT d. Remedies for Breach. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary, in the event of Contract termination or suspension for engaging in discrimination, Contractor, subcontractor, or both, shall be liable for contract damages as authorized by law including, but not limited to, any cost difference between the original contract and the replacement or cover contract and all administrative costs directly related to the replacement contract, which damages are distinct from any penalties imposed under Chapter 49.60, RCW. WSCJTC shall have the right to deduct from any monies due to Contractor or subcontractor, or that thereafter become due, an amount for damages Contractor or subcontractor will owe WSCJTC for default under this provision. Industrial Insurance Coverage. WSCJTC will report the Contractor to the Department of Labor and Industries (L&I) as a “non-employee covered worker” and will pay L&I insurance premiums. Any injuries the Contractor suffers in the course of performing this contract are covered by L&I. The Contractor and his/her physician should claim accordingly. If this contract authorizes subcontracting, the Contractor provides L&I coverage for any subcontract workers; WSCJTC and the State assume no liability for them. Termination. No guarantee of work is made or implied as a result of this Contract: merely signing this contract does not guarantee the Contractor any specific amount of payment. WSCJTC may terminate this Contract by providing written notice to the Contractor. Termination shall be effective on the date specified in the termination notice. WSCJTC shall be liable for only authorized services provided on or before the date of termination. Assignment. The Contractor may not assign this Contract, or its rights or obligations to a third party. Confidentiality. The Contractor shall not disclose any information WSCJTC designates confidential. This contract and the Contractor’s proposal, if any, become the property of the WSCJTC, subject to the Public Records Act RCW 42.56. Disputes. If a dispute arises under this contract, it shall be resolved by a Dispute Board. The WSCJTC Executive Director and the Contractor shall each appoint a member to the Board. The Executive Director of the WSCJTC and the Contractor shall jointly appoint a third member to the Dispute Board. The Board shall evaluate the dispute and resolve it. The Board’s determination shall be final and binding to all parties to this Contract. Indemnity. Contractor agrees to hold harmless WSCJTC for any claim arising out of performance or failure to perform the contract, without regard to actual or alleged negligence by State employees. Governing Law. This Contract shall be governed by the laws of Washington. The jurisdiction for any action hereunder shall be the Superior Court for the State of Washington. The venue of any action hereunder shall be in the Superior Court for Thurston County, State of Washington. Rights in Data. Material created from this Contract shall be “works for hire” as defined by the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976 and shall be owned by WSCJTC, including but not limited to reports, documents, videos, curricular material, exams or recordings. Such materials are subject to RCW 42.56, the Public Records Act; WSCJTC may disclose such documents in accordance with the PRA. Severability. If any provision of this Contract or any provision of any document incorporated by reference shall be held invalid, such invalidity shall not affect the other provisions of this Contract which can be given effect without the invalid provision, if such remainder conforms to the requirements of applicable law and the fundamental purpose of this Contract, and to this end the provisions of this Contract are declared to be severable. Waiver. A failure by the WSCJTC to exercise its rights under this contract shall not preclude WSCJTC from subsequent exercise of such rights and shall not constitute a waiver of any rights under this contract unless stated to be such in writing and signed by an authorized representative of WSCJTC and attached to the original contract. Total Allocation Johanna Wender, LMHC Bravura Counseling $24,342 AGENDA ITEM #8. e) AB - 3918 City Council Regular Meeting - 08 Sep 2025 SUBJECT/TITLE: King County Sheriff's Office for Sex Offender Cost Reimbursement Grant 2025-2026 RECOMMENDED ACTION: Refer to Finance Committee DEPARTMENT: Police Department STAFF CONTACT: Susan Hassinger, Commander EXT.: X7527 FISCAL IMPACT SUMMARY: The Renton Police Department will be reimbursed up to $19,599.28 in overtime funds, and a budget adjustment will be reflected in the year end budget adjustment. There is no grant match required for the acceptance of these funds. SUMMARY OF ACTION: The proposed agreement would allow the Renton Police Department to receive funds from, and work with, the King County Sheriff's Office for the purpose of verifying the address and residency of registered sex and kidnapping offenders. The goal of this verification is to improve public safety by establishing a greater presence and emphasis by the Renton Police Department in Renton neighborhoods. The Detectives work overtime doing this, and then the Police Department submits the overtime to the King County Sheriff's Office for reimbursement under this grant. EXHIBITS: A. 2025-2026 Cost Reimbursement Grant Agreement STAFF RECOMMENDATION: Recommends approval of Cost Reimbursement Agreement with the King County Sheriff's Office in order to receive up to $19,599.28 for reimbursement of overtime costs associated with verifying addresses and residency status of registered sex and kidnapping offenders and approve the budget appropriation of $19,599.28. AGENDA ITEM #8. f) Cost Reimbursement Agreement Executed By King County Sheriff’s Office, a department of King County, hereinafter referred to as “KCSO,” Department Authorized Representative: Jesse Anderson, Undersheriff King County Sheriff’s Office King County Courthouse 516 Third Avenue, W-150 Seattle, WA 98104 and Renton Police Department, a department of the City of Renton, hereinafter referred to as “”Contractor,” Department Authorized Representative: Jon Schuldt, Chief of Police 1055 South Grady Way Renton, WA 98057 WHEREAS, KCSO and Contractor have mutually agreed to work together for the purpose of verifying the address and residency of registered sex and kidnapping offenders; and WHEREAS, the goal of registered sex and kidnapping offender address and residency verification is to improve public safety by establishing a greater presence and emphasis by Contractor in King County neighborhoods; and WHEREAS, as part of this coordinated effort, Contractor will increase immediate and direct contact with registered sex and kidnapping offenders in their jurisdiction, and WHEREAS, KCSO is the recipient of a Washington State Registered Sex and Kidnapping Offender Address and Residency Verification Program grant through the Washington Association of Sheriffs and Police Chiefs for this purpose, and WHEREAS, KCSO will oversee efforts undertaken by program participants in King County; NOW THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows: AGENDA ITEM #8. f) Cost Reimbursement Agreement Page 2 of 7 KCSO will utilize Washington State Registered Sex and Kidnapping Offender Address and Residency Verification Program funding to reimburse for expenditures associated with the Contractor for the verification of registered sex and kidnapping offender address and residency as set forth below. This Interagency Agreement contains eleven (11) Articles: ARTICLE I. TERM OF AGREEMENT The term of this Cost Reimbursement Agreement shall commence on July 1, 2025 and shall end on June 30, 2026 unless terminated earlier pursuant to the provisions hereof. ARTICLE II. DESCRIPTION OF SERVICES This agreement is for the purpose of reimbursing the Contractor for participation in the Registered Sex and Kidnapping Offender Address and Residency Verification Program. The program’s purpose is to verify the address and residency of all registered sex and kidnapping offenders under RCW 9A.44.130. The requirement of this program is for face-to-face verification of a registered sex and kidnapping offender’s address at the place of residency. In the case of • level I offenders, once every twelve months. • of level II offenders, once every six months. • of level III offenders, once every three months. For the purposes of this program unclassified offenders and kidnapping offenders shall be considered at risk level I, unless in the opinion of the local jurisdiction a higher classification is in the interest of public safety. ARTICLE III. REPORTING • Two reports are required in order to receive reimbursement for grant-related expenditures. • Both forms are included as exhibits to this agreement. • “Exhibit A” is the Offender Watch generated “Registered Sex Offender Verification Request (WA)” that the sex or kidnapping offender completes and signs during a face-to-face contact. • “Exhibit B” is an “Officer Contact Worksheet” completed in full by an officer/detective during each verification contact. • Both exhibits representing each contact are due quarterly and must be complete and received before reimbursement can be made following the quarter reported. AGENDA ITEM #8. f) Cost Reimbursement Agreement Page 3 of 7 • The signed Exhibit report forms are to be submitted by the 5th of the month following the end of the quarter. o The first due date for signed reports is October 5, 2025. o The second due date for signed reports is January 5, 2026. o The third due date for signed reports is April 5, 2026. o The fourth due date for signed reports is July 5, 2026. • Quarterly Exhibit reports shall be delivered to Attn: Eric Westberg, Project Manager King County Sheriff’s Office/RSO Unit 900 Oakesdale Avenue SW Renton, WA 98057 Phone: 206-263-2121 Email: ewestberg@kingcounty.gov ARTICLE IV. REIMBURSEMENT Requests for reimbursement will be made on a monthly basis and shall be forwarded to KCSO by the 10th of the month following the end of each quarter as follows: • The first due date for invoices is October 10, 2025. • The second due date for invoices is January 10, 2026. • The third due date for invoices is April 10, 2026. • The fourth and final invoice will be due by July 31, 2026. Please note the following terms will be adhered to for the 2025-2026 Registered Sex Offender Address Verification Program: • Any agency not meeting at least 90% of required verifications will not receive that quarter’s grant payment. • Any agency not using Offender Watch to track verifications will not receive that quarter’s grant payment. Overtime reimbursements for personnel assigned to the Registered Sex and Kidnapping Offender Address and Residency Verification Program will be calculated at the usual rate for which the individual’s’ time would be compensated in the absence of this agreement. Each request for reimbursement will include the name, rank, overtime compensation AGENDA ITEM #8. f) Cost Reimbursement Agreement Page 4 of 7 rate, number of reimbursable hours claimed and the dates of those hours for each officer for whom reimbursement is sought. Each reimbursement request must be accompanied by a certification signed by an appropriate supervisor of the department that the request has been personally reviewed, that the information described in the request is accurate, and the personnel for whom reimbursement is claimed were working on an overtime basis for the Registered Sex and Kidnapping Offender Address and Residency Verification Program. Administrative time and expenses must be annotated in the invoice. Overtime and all other expenditures under this Agreement are restricted to the following criteria: 1. For the purpose of verifying the address and residency of registered sex and kidnapping offenders; and 2. For the goal of improving public safety by establishing a greater presence and emphasis in King County neighborhoods; and 3. For increasing immediate and direct contact with registered sex and kidnapping offenders in their jurisdiction; and 4. For necessary and reasonable administrative expenses related to the Registered Sex and Kidnapping Offender Address and Residency Verification Program. The Contractor may use no more than 15% of the total grant funds for administrative expenses. Any duties not included in Article II are considered administrative expenses. These include, but are not limited to, general management, office support, database updates, and other support services. Administrative expenses may go over the 15% limit only upon pre-approval from KCSO. Any non-overtime related expenditures must be pre-approved by KCSO. Your request for pre-approval must include: 1) The item you would like to purchase, 2) The purpose of the item, 3) The cost of the item you would like to purchase. You may send this request for pre-approval in email format. Requests for reimbursement from KCSO for the above non-overtime expenditures must be accompanied by a spreadsheet detailing the expenditures as well as a vendor’s invoice and a packing slip. The packing slip must be signed by an authorized representative of the Contractor. All costs must be included in the request for reimbursement and be within the overall contract amount. Over expenditures for any reason, including additional cost of sales tax, shipping, or installation, will be the responsibility of the Contractor. AGENDA ITEM #8. f) Cost Reimbursement Agreement Page 5 of 7 Requests for reimbursement must be sent to Attn: Eric Westberg, Project Manager King County Sheriff’s Office/RSO Unit 900 Oakesdale Avenue SW Renton, WA 98057 Phone: 206-263-2121 Email: ewestberg@kingcounty.gov The maximum amount to be paid under this cost reimbursement agreement shall not exceed Nineteen Thousand Five Hundred Ninety Nine Dollars and Twenty Eight Cents ($19,599.28). Expenditures exceeding the maximum amount shall be the responsibility of Contractor. All requests for reimbursement must be received by KCSO by July 31, 2026 to be payable. ARTICLE V. WITNESS STATEMENTS "Exhibit C” is a “Sex/Kidnapping Offender Address and Residency Verification Program Witness Statement Form.” This form is to be completed by any witnesses encountered during a contact when the offender is suspected of not living at the registered address and there is a resulting felony “Failure to Register as a Sex Offender” case to be referred/filed with the KCPAO. Unless, due to extenuating circumstances the witness is incapable of writing out their own statement, the contacting officer/detective will have the witness write and sign the statement in their own handwriting to contain, verbatim, the information on the witness form. ARTICLE VI. FILING NON-DISCOVERABLE FACE SHEET “Exhibit D” is the “Filing Non-Discoverable Face Sheet.” This form shall be attached to each “Felony Failure to Register as a Sex Offender” case that is referred to the King County Prosecuting Attorney’s Office. ARTICLE VII. SUPPLEMENTING, NOT SUPPLANTING Funds may not be used to supplant (replace) existing local, state, or Bureau of Indian Affairs funds that would be spent for identical purposes in the absence of the grant. Overtime - To meet this grant condition, you must ensure that: • Overtime exceeds expenditures that the grantee is obligated or funded to pay in the current budget. Funds currently allocated to pay for overtime may not be reallocated to other purposes or reimbursed upon the award of a grant. • Additionally, by the conditions of this grant, you are required to track all overtime funded through the grant. ARTICLE VIII. HOLD HARMLESS/INDEMNIFICATION Contractor shall protect, defend, indemnify, and save harmless King County, its officers, employees, and agents from any and all costs, claims, judgments, and/or awards of damages, arising out of, or in any way resulting from, the negligent acts or AGENDA ITEM #8. f) Cost Reimbursement Agreement Page 6 of 7 omissions of Contractor, its officers, employees, contractors, and/or agents related to Contractor’s activities under this Agreement. Contractor agrees that its obligations under this paragraph extend to any claim, demand, and/or cause of action brought by, or on behalf of any of its employees or agents. For this purpose, Contractor, by mutual negotiation, hereby waives, as respects King County only, any immunity that would otherwise be available against such claims under the Industrial Insurance provisions of Title 51 RCW. In the event King County incurs any judgment, award, and/or cost arising therefrom including attorney’s fees to enforce the provisions of this article, all such fees, expenses, and costs shall be recoverable from Contractor. The provisions of this section shall survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement. ARTICLE IX. INSURANCE Contractor shall maintain insurance policies, or programs of self-insurance, sufficient to respond to all of its liability exposures under this Agreement. The insurance or self-insurance programs maintained by the Contractor engaged in work contemplated in this Agreement shall respond to claims within the following coverage types and amounts: General Liability. Coverage shall be at least as broad as Insurance Services Office form number CG 00 01 covering COMMERCIAL GENERAL LIABILITY. $5,000,000 combined single limit per occurrence, and for those policies with aggregate limits, a $5,000,000 aggregate limit. King County, its officers, officials, employees, and agents are to be covered as additional insureds as respects liability arising out of activities performed by or on behalf of the City. Additional Insured status shall include Products-Completed Operations-CG 20 10 11/85 or its equivalent. By requiring such liability coverage as specified in this Article IX, King County has not, and shall not be deemed to have, assessed the risks that may be applicable to Contractor. Contractor shall assess its own risks and, if deemed appropriate and/or prudent, maintain greater limits or broader coverage than is herein specified. Contractor agrees to maintain, through its insurance policies, self-funded program or an alternative risk of loss financing program, coverage for all of its liability exposures for the duration of this Agreement. Contractor agrees to provide KCSO with at least thirty (30) days prior written notice of any material change or alternative risk of loss financing program. ARTICLE X. NO THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARIES There are no third party beneficiaries to this agreement. This agreement shall not impart any right enforceable by any person or entity that is not a party hereto. ARTICLE XI. AMENDMENTS No modification or amendment of the provisions hereof shall be effective unless in writing and signed by authorized representatives of the parties hereto. The parties hereto expressly reserve the right to modify this Agreement, by mutual agreement. AGENDA ITEM #8. f) Cost Reimbursement Agreement Page 7 of 7 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Agreement by having their representatives affix their signatures below. CITY OF RENTON KING COUNTY SHERIFF’S OFFICE By: Armondo Pavone Mayor Jesse Anderson, Undersheriff Date Date Attest Jason A. Seth City Clerk Approved as to Legal Form By: Alex Tuttle Senior Assistant City Attorney AGENDA ITEM #8. f) Verification Request Page:Page 1 of 1 Agency:King County WA Sheriff's Office Administrator:King County Sheriff's Office RSO Unit Phone:(206)263-2120 Date:5/15/2024 Offender PhotoOffender Information Sex Height Weight Race Eyes Hair DOB 01/01/1960 POB Name test , test test Registration # SSN Alt Reg #Age Drv. Lic./State FBI 23335518 State ID 64 Risk/Class.Comm. Orient Nat.No Selection PHOTO NOT AVAILABLE Verifications: Type Last Date Next Date Zone Responsibility () Comments Compliant Active Officer Alert Primary Email Address Primary IP Address Phone (Bold - Primary Contact Numbers) Type DescriptionNumber Home Residence (Bold - Primary Home Address) Street 123 SMITH ST , SMITH, WA (Home) Employment/School Address SupervisorName Phone Vehicle Make Model Color Year License State CommentsVIN Offense Crime DetailsReleasedConvictedRS Code/DescriptionDate Case # Probation Status Probation Officer Contact County Conditions Open Cases Date Opened Case Number Notes No Change I________________________________do hereby attest, under penalties of perjury, that any and all information contained here is current and accurate on this______________day of__________________20__________. Offender Signature:________________________________________________________ Officer Signature:________________________________________Date:_____________ Badge Number:___________ Witness Signature:_______________________________________Date:_____________ Produced by OffenderWatch - www.watchsystems.com EXHIBIT A AGENDA ITEM #8. f) Exhibit B REGISTERED SEX OFFENDER ADDRESS VERIFICATION OFFICER CONTACT WORKSHEET OFFENDER DETAILS: OFFENDER’S NAME: DOB: ADDRESS: CITY/STATE/ZIP: OFFENDER PHONE: ZIP CODE.: EMPLOYER: WORK PHONE: OFFENDER LEVEL IF KNOWN: FORM OF ID: DATE & TIME OF CONTACTS: *SEE KEY BELOW FOR CODING DATE / TIME: RESULT: DATE/ TIME: RESULT: DATE / TIME: RESULT: DATE/ TIME: RESULT: DATE / TIME: RESULT: DATE/ TIME: RESULT: RESULT OF CONTACT: MADE IN PERSON CONTACT: YES NO FTR CASE NUMBER ASSIGNED IF NO CONTACT MADE: STATEMENT TAKEN: YES NO REPORTING PARTY INFORMATION: REPORTING PERSON: DOB: MAILING ADDRESS: CITY/ZIP: TELEPHONE: ALT # RELATION TO OFFENDER: NONE (UNKNOWN) KNOWN RELATION: *CONTACT CODE KEY:1 = OFFENDER MOVED 5 = HOUSE FOR SALE 9 = TOOK STATEMENT 2 = BAD ADDRESS 6 = ARRESTED 3 = NOT HOME 7 = OFFENDER IN JAIL 4 = CHANGE OF ADDRESS 8 = DEAD OFFICER/DETECTIVE: AGENCY: AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . f ) EXHIBIT C Date______________ Agency/Officer___________________ Incident number__________________ Under penalty of perjury of the laws of the State of Washington, I certify that the foregoing is true and correct. Witness’ Signature ____________________________________________ date ____________________ Witness Statement – Failure to Register Suspect’s Name: ________________________________________________________________ Suspect’s Last Registered Address: _________________________________________________ Witness’ Name: _________________________________________________________________ Witness’s Home Address: _________________________________________________________ Witness’ Home Phone Number________________ Cell:_____________Other: ______________ How do they know the suspect (please be as detailed as possible)?_________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ *If suspect rented an apartment or a room from the witness, please have them provide a copy of any documentations to this effect and any documentations the suspect moved out. Did the witness ever see the suspect at his/her last registered address? _____________________ How often would they see him/her there?_____________________________________________ When did the witness start seeing him/her there?_______________________________________ When did they stop?_____________________________________________________________ Why did the suspect stop staying at the address?_______________________________________ Did the suspect keep any personal belongings there? ___________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ In general, when is the last time they saw the suspect ? _________________________________ Do they know where the suspect moved to or their current whereabouts? ___________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Can they provide the names and contact information of any other witnesses who would have seen the suspect staying at his/her last registered address?____________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Is the witness willing to assist in prosecution? ________________________________________ AGENDA ITEM #8. f) EXHIBIT D TO: KCPAO – Special Assault Unit – Seattle DATE: FROM: INCIDENT #: AGENCY: SUSPECT #1: DOB: RACE: SEX: M F HGT: WGT: SUSP #1 ADDRESS: CHARGE: Failure to Register as a Sex Offender DATE OF CRIME: VICTIM #1: State of Washington DOB: VICTIM #2: DOB: INTERVIEWED BY: NO ONE DPA NAME: TYPE OF CASE: FTR - Failure To Register OTHER TYPE: THIS CASE IS BEING REFERRED FOR THE FOLLOWING REASONS FILING OF CHARGES: - Comments: DECLINE: - Comments: . WASPC GRANT FILING NON-DISCOVERABLE AGENDA ITEM #8. f) Case Referral Received by KCPAO on this date: Case filed by KCPAO: YES NO Cause Number Assigned: If no, please indicate why: Other Explanation: WASPC STATISTICAL REPORTING TO KCSO AGENDA ITEM #8. f) AB - 3887 City Council Regular Meeting - 08 Sep 2025 SUBJECT/TITLE: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Grant Agreements (AIP Grant - 034 and AIP Grant- 035) for the Taxiway A Rehabilitation Project RECOMMENDED ACTION: Council Concur DEPARTMENT: Public Works Airport STAFF CONTACT: William Adams, Principal Civil Engineer EXT.: 6862 FISCAL IMPACT SUMMARY: The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has awarded the City of Renton two grants for this project totaling $17,159,212. (AIP-034 Grant = $15,996,212, AIG-035 Grant = $1,163,000). The full grant amount will be placed in Airport CIP Fund 422 revenue and expenditure accounts (422.725114) for the project in the next quarterly budget adjustment. The total cost of the Taxiway A Rehabilitation project is $20,916,544. The total grant funding from the FAA and WSDOT (2025 Only), including anticipated FAA 2026 AIG and AIP grants is $17,870,914. Below is a summary of the total cost and funding for the project: Project Element Costs: $20,916,544.00. See details in Exhibit C Total Project Grant Funding Sources: $17,870,914 See details in Exhibit C The total cost to the City of Renton including grant matching funds will be $3,045,631 and will be funded by the Airport CIP account 422.725114 Taxiway Alpha Rehab. The total project budget has an adjusted 2025 balance of $3,529,557. SUMMARY OF ACTION: The rehabilitation of the full length of Taxiway A begun with the execution of CAG-23-128 (Design) and was funded by a grant ($1.66M) from the FAA covering 90% of the cost. The design was completed and approved by the FAA in Q1 of 2025. The Airport then went out to bid for the project and received 4 bids on August 20. The apparent low bidder was for $18,960,797.06. The FAA recommended to submit two grant applications totaling $17,159,212 to cover eligible costs. The FAA is requiring the grant agreements to be approved and signed by September 15, 2025, which is why the Public Works Department is requesting the Council to approve the FAA Grant Agreements for the Taxiway A Rehabilitation Project at the September 8 Council meeting on the consent agenda. Through the Airport Improvement Program, the FAA has awarded the City of Renton two grants to construct the Taxiway Alpha Rehabilitation project at the Renton Municipal Airport. The project calls for the AGENDA ITEM #8. g) rehabilitation of Taxiway Alpha due to its excessive rutting and cracking and it will be built to withstand the weight of the new Boeing aircraft utilizing the taxiway. PW/Airport anticipates that the construction will begin in Q4 of 2025 and continue until Q4 of 2027. EXHIBITS: A. Agreement - AIP Grant - 034 ($15,996,212) B. Agreement - AIP Grant - 035 ($1,163,000) C. Exhibit C - Project Element Cost and Funding Sources STAFF RECOMMENDATION: Authorize the Mayor and City Clerk to execute the two FAA grant agreements (AIP Grants - 034 and 035) in the total amount of $17,159,212 for the Taxiway A Rehabilitation Project. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 1 U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Airports Division Northwest Mountain Region Oregon, Washington Seattle Airports District Office: 2200 S 216th St Des Moines, WA 98198 {{DateTime_es_:signer1:calc(now()):format(date," mmmm d, yyyy")}} The Honorable Armondo Pavone Mayor of City of Renton Renton Municipal Airport 616 W Perimeter Rd, Unit A Renton, WA 98057 Dear Mayor Pavone: The Grant Offer for Airport Improvement Program (AIP) Project No. 3-53-0055-034-2025 at Renton Municipal Airport is attached for execution. This letter outlines the steps you must take to properly enter into this agreement and provides other useful information. Please read the conditions, special conditions, and assurances that comprise the grant offer carefully. You may not make any modification to the text, terms or conditions of the grant offer. Steps You Must Take to Enter Into Agreement. To properly enter into this agreement, you must do the following: 1. The governing body must give authority to execute the grant to the individual(s) signing the grant, i.e., the person signing the document must be the sponsor’s authorized representative(s) (hereinafter “authorized representative”). 2. The authorized representative must execute the grant by adding their electronic signature to the appropriate certificate at the end of the agreement. 3. Once the authorized representative has electronically signed the grant, the sponsor’s attorney(s) will automatically receive an email notification. 4. On the same day or after the authorized representative has signed the grant, the sponsor’s attorney(s) will add their electronic signature to the appropriate certificate at the end of the agreement. 5. If there are co-sponsors, the authorized representative(s) and sponsor’s attorney(s) must follow the above procedures to fully execute the grant and finalize the process. Signatures must be obtained and finalized no later than September 15, 2025. 6. The fully executed grant will then be automatically sent to all parties as an email attachment. Payment. Subject to the requirements in 2 CFR § 200.305 (Federal Payment), each payment request for reimbursement under this grant must be made electronically via the Delphi eInvoicing System. Please see the attached Grant Agreement for more information regarding the use of this System. Project Timing. The terms and conditions of this agreement require you to complete the project without undue delay and no later than the Period of Performance end date (1,460 days from the grant execution AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 2 date). We will be monitoring your progress to ensure proper stewardship of these Federal funds. We expect you to submit payment requests for reimbursement of allowable incurred project expenses consistent with project progress. Your grant may be placed in “inactive” status if you do not make draws on a regular basis, which will affect your ability to receive future grant offers. Costs incurred after the Period of Performance ends are generally not allowable and will be rejected unless authorized by the FAA in advance. Reporting. Until the grant is completed and closed, you are responsible for submitting formal reports as follows:  For all grants, you must submit by December 31st of each year this grant is open: 1. A signed/dated SF-270 (Request for Advance or Reimbursement for non-construction projects) or SF-271 or equivalent (Outlay Report and Request for Reimbursement for Construction Programs), and 2. An SF-425 (Federal Financial Report).  For non-construction projects, you must submit FAA Form 5100-140, Performance Report within 30 days of the end of the Federal fiscal year.  For construction projects, you must submit FAA Form 5370-1, Construction Progress and Inspection Report, within 30 days of the end of each Federal fiscal quarter. Audit Requirements. As a condition of receiving Federal assistance under this award, you must comply with audit requirements as established under 2 CFR Part 200. Subpart F requires non-Federal entities that expend $1,000,000 or more in Federal awards to conduct a single or program specific audit for that year. Note that this includes Federal expenditures made under other Federal-assistance programs. Please take appropriate and necessary action to ensure your organization will comply with applicable audit requirements and standards. Closeout. Once the project(s) is completed and all costs are determined, we ask that you work with your FAA contact indicated below to close the project without delay and submit the necessary final closeout documentation as required by your Region/Airports District Office. FAA Contact Information. Jenna Pang, (206) 231-4147, jenna.k.pang@faa.gov is the assigned program manager for this grant and is readily available to assist you and your designated representative with the requirements stated herein. We sincerely value your cooperation in these efforts and look forward to working with you to complete this important project. Sincerely, {{Sig_es_:signer1: signature}} Ryan C. Zulauf Acting Manager, Seattle Airports District Office AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 3 U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION AIRPORT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM (AIP) FY 2025 AIP GRANT AGREEMENT Part I - Offer Federal Award Offer Date {{DateTime_es_:signer1:calc(now()):format(date," mmmm d, yyyy")}} Airport/Planning Area Renton Municipal Airport Airport Infrastructure Grant Number 3-53-0055-034-2025 (Contract Number: DOT-FA25NM-042) Unique Entity Identifier UG2PSBS6UJJ3 TO: City of Renton, Washington (herein called the "Sponsor") FROM: The United States of America (acting through the Federal Aviation Administration, herein called the "FAA") WHEREAS, the Sponsor has submitted to the FAA a Project Application dated May 27, 2025, for a grant of Federal funds for a project at or associated with the Renton Municipal Airport, which is included as part of this Grant Agreement; and WHEREAS, the FAA has approved a project for the Renton Municipal Airport (herein called the “Project”) consisting of the following: Rehabilitate Taxiway A including connector Taxiways A1 through A7 (phase 2-construction), including Taxiway A lighting, signage, and drainage (about 93% of total project) which is more fully described in the Project Application. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 4 NOW THEREFORE, Pursuant to and for the purpose of carrying out the Title 49, United States Code (U.S.C.), Chapters 471 and 475; 49 U.S.C. §§ 40101 et seq., and 48103; FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (Public Law Number (P.L.) 115-254); the Department of Transportation Appropriations Act, 2021 ( P.L. 116-260, Division L); the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 ( P.L. 117-103); Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 ( P.L. 117-328); Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 (P.L. 118-42); Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2025 (P.L. 119-4); FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024 (P.L. 118-63); and the representations contained in the Project Application; and in consideration of: (a) the Sponsor’s adoption and ratification of the Grant Assurances dated April 2025, interpreted and applied consistent with the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024; (b) the Sponsor’s acceptance of this Offer; and (c) the benefits to accrue to the United States and the public from the accomplishment of the Project and compliance with the Grant Assurance and conditions as herein provided; THE FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, FOR AND ON BEHALF OF THE UNITED STATES, HEREBY OFFERS AND AGREES to pay (95) % of the allowable costs incurred accomplishing the Project as the United States share of the Project. Assistance Listings Number (Formerly CFDA Number): 20.106 This Offer is made on and SUBJECT TO THE FOLLOWING TERMS AND CONDITIONS: CONDITIONS 1. Maximum Obligation. The maximum obligation of the United States payable under this Offer is $15,996,212. The following amounts represent a breakdown of the maximum obligation for the purpose of establishing allowable amounts for any future grant amendment, which may increase the foregoing maximum obligation of the United States under the provisions of 49 U.S.C. § 47108(b): $0 for planning $15,996,212 for airport development; and, $0 for land acquisition. The source of this Grant includes funding from the Small Airport Fund, in accordance with 49 U.S.C. § 47116. 2. Grant Performance. This Grant Agreement is subject to the following Federal award requirements: a. Period of Performance: 1. Shall start on the date the Sponsor formally accepts this Agreement and is the date signed by the last Sponsor signatory to the Agreement. The end date of the Period of Performance is 4 years (1,460 calendar days) from the date of acceptance. The Period of Performance end date shall not affect, relieve, or reduce Sponsor obligations and assurances that extend beyond the closeout of this Grant Agreement. 2. Means the total estimated time interval between the start of an initial Federal award and the planned end date, which may include one or more funded portions or budget periods (2 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) § 200.1) except as noted in 49 U.S.C § 47142(b). b. Budget Period: 1. For this Grant is 4 years (1,460 calendar days) and follows the same start and end date as the Period of Performance provided in paragraph 2(a)(1). Pursuant to 2 CFR § 200.403(h), the Sponsor may charge to the Grant only allowable costs incurred during the Budget Period except as noted in 49 U.S.C § 47142(b). AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 5 2. Means the time interval from the start date of a funded portion of an award to the end date of that funded portion during which the Sponsor is authorized to expend the funds awarded, including any funds carried forward or other revisions pursuant to 2 CFR § 200.308. c. Close Out and Termination Unless the FAA authorizes a written extension, the Sponsor must submit all Grant closeout documentation and liquidate (pay-off) all obligations incurred under this award no later than 120 calendar days after the end date of the Period of Performance. If the Sponsor does not submit all required closeout documentation within this time period, the FAA will proceed to close out the grant within one year of the Period of Performance end date with the information available at the end of 120 days (2 CFR § 200.344). The FAA may terminate this agreement and all of its obligations under this agreement if any of the following occurs: (a) (1) The Sponsor fails to obtain or provide any Sponsor grant contribution as required by the agreement; (2) A completion date for the Project or a component of the Project is listed in the agreement and the Recipient fails to meet that milestone by six months after the date listed in the agreement; (3) The Sponsor fails to comply with the terms and conditions of this agreement, including a material failure to comply with the Project Schedule even if it is beyond the reasonable control of the Sponsor; (4) Circumstances cause changes to the Project that the FAA determines are inconsistent with the FAA’s basis for selecting the Project to receive a grant; or (5) The FAA determines that termination of this agreement is in the public interest. (b) In terminating this agreement under this section, the FAA may elect to consider only the interests of the FAA. (c) The Sponsor may request that the FAA terminate the agreement under this section. 3. Ineligible or Unallowable Costs. In accordance with 49 U.S.C. § 49 U.S.C. § 47110, the Sponsor is prohibited from including any costs in the grant funded portions of the project that the FAA has determined to be ineligible or unallowable, including costs incurred to carry out airport development implementing policies and initiatives repealed by Executive Order 14148, provided such costs are not otherwise permitted by statute. 4. Indirect Costs - Sponsor. The Sponsor may charge indirect costs under this award by applying the indirect cost rate identified in the project application as accepted by the FAA, to allowable costs for Sponsor direct salaries and wages. 5. Determining the Final Federal Share of Costs. The United States’ share of allowable project costs will be made in accordance with 49 U.S.C. § 47109, the regulations, policies, and procedures of the Secretary of Transportation (“Secretary”), and any superseding legislation. Final determination of the United States’ share will be based upon the final audit of the total amount of allowable project AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 6 costs and settlement will be made for any upward or downward adjustments to the Federal share of costs. 6. Completing the Project Without Delay and in Conformance with Requirements. The Sponsor must carry out and complete the project without undue delays and in accordance with this Agreement, 49 U.S.C. Chapters 471 and 475, the regulations, policies, and procedures of the Secretary. Per 2 CFR § 200.308, the Sponsor agrees to report and request prior FAA approval for any disengagement from performing the project that exceeds three months or a 25 percent reduction in time devoted to the project. The report must include a reason for the project stoppage. The Sponsor also agrees to comply with the grant assurances, which are part of this Agreement. 7. Amendments or Withdrawals before Grant Acceptance. The FAA reserves the right to amend or withdraw this offer at any time prior to its acceptance by the Sponsor. 8. Offer Expiration Date. This offer will expire and the United States will not be obligated to pay any part of the costs of the project unless this offer has been accepted by the Sponsor on or before September 15, 2025, or such subsequent date as may be prescribed in writing by the FAA. 9. Improper Use of Federal Funds and Mandatory Disclosure. a. The Sponsor must take all steps, including litigation if necessary, to recover Federal funds spent fraudulently, wastefully, or in violation of Federal antitrust statutes, or misused in any other manner for any project upon which Federal funds have been expended. For the purposes of this Grant Agreement, the term “Federal funds” means funds however used or dispersed by the Sponsor, that were originally paid pursuant to this or any other Federal grant agreement. The Sponsor must obtain the approval of the Secretary as to any determination of the amount of the Federal share of such funds. The Sponsor must return the recovered Federal share, including funds recovered by settlement, order, or judgment, to the Secretary. The Sponsor must furnish to the Secretary, upon request, all documents and records pertaining to the determination of the amount of the Federal share or to any settlement, litigation, negotiation, or other efforts taken to recover such funds. All settlements or other final positions of the Sponsor, in court or otherwise, involving the recovery of such Federal share require advance approval by the Secretary. b. The Sponsor, a recipient, and a subrecipient under this Federal grant must promptly comply with the mandatory disclosure requirements as established under 2 CFR § 200.113, including reporting requirements related to recipient integrity and performance in accordance with Appendix XII to 2 CFR Part 200. 10. United States Not Liable for Damage or Injury. The United States is not responsible or liable for damage to property or injury to persons which may arise from, or be incident to, compliance with this Grant Agreement. 11. System for Award Management (SAM) Registration and Unique Entity Identifier (UEI). a. Requirement for System for Award Management (SAM): Unless the Sponsor is exempted from this requirement under 2 CFR § 25.110, the Sponsor must maintain the currency of its information in the SAM until the Sponsor submits the final financial report required under this Grant, or receives the final payment, whichever is later. This requires that the Sponsor review and update the information at least annually after the initial registration and more frequently if AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 7 required by changes in information or another award term. Additional information about registration procedures may be found at the SAM website (currently at http://www.sam.gov). b. Unique entity identifier (UEI) means a 12-character alpha-numeric value used to identify a specific commercial, nonprofit or governmental entity. A UEI may be obtained from SAM.gov at https://sam.gov/content/entity-registration. 12. Electronic Grant Payment(s). Unless otherwise directed by the FAA, the Sponsor must make each payment request under this Agreement electronically via the Delphi eInvoicing System for Department of Transportation (DOT) Financial Assistance Awardees. 13. Informal Letter Amendment of AIP Projects. If, during the life of the project, the FAA determines that the maximum grant obligation of the United States exceeds the expected needs of the Sponsor by $25,000 or five percent (5%), whichever is greater, the FAA can issue a letter amendment to the Sponsor unilaterally reducing the maximum obligation. The FAA can also issue a letter to the Sponsor increasing the maximum obligation if there is an overrun in the total actual eligible and allowable project costs to cover the amount of the overrun provided it will not exceed the statutory limitations for grant amendments. The FAA’s authority to increase the maximum obligation does not apply to the “planning” component of Condition No. 1, Maximum Obligation. The FAA can also issue an informal letter amendment that modifies the grant description to correct administrative errors or to delete work items if the FAA finds it advantageous and in the best interests of the United States. An informal letter amendment has the same force and effect as a formal grant amendment. 14. Environmental Standards. The Sponsor is required to comply with all applicable environmental standards, as further defined in the Grant Assurances, for all projects in this grant. If the Sponsor fails to comply with this requirement, the FAA may suspend, cancel, or terminate this Grant Agreement. 15. Financial Reporting and Payment Requirements. The Sponsor will comply with all Federal financial reporting requirements and payment requirements, including submittal of timely and accurate reports. 16. Buy American. Unless otherwise approved in advance by the FAA, in accordance with 49 U.S.C. § 50101, the Sponsor will not acquire or permit any contractor or subcontractor to acquire any steel or manufactured goods produced outside the United States to be used for any project for which funds are provided under this Grant. The Sponsor will include a provision implementing Buy American in every contract and subcontract awarded under this Grant. 17. Build America, Buy America. The Sponsor must comply with the requirements under the Build America, Buy America Act (P.L. 117-58). 18. Maximum Obligation Increase. In accordance with 49 U.S.C. § 47108(b)(3), as amended, the maximum obligation of the United States, as stated in Condition No. 1, Maximum Obligation, of this Grant: a. May not be increased for a planning project; b. May be increased by not more than 15 percent for development projects, if funds are available; c. May be increased by not more than the greater of the following for a land project, if funds are available: AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 8 1. 15 percent; or 2. 25 percent of the total increase in allowable project costs attributable to acquiring an interest in the land. If the Sponsor requests an increase, any eligible increase in funding will be subject to the United States Government share as provided in 49 U.S.C. § 47110, or other superseding legislation if applicable, for the fiscal year appropriation with which the increase is funded. The FAA is not responsible for the same Federal share provided herein for any amount increased over the initial grant amount. The FAA may adjust the Federal share as applicable through an informal letter of amendment. 19. Audits for Sponsors. PUBLIC SPONSORS. The Sponsor must provide for a Single Audit or program-specific audit in accordance with 2 CFR Part 200. The Sponsor must submit the audit reporting package to the Federal Audit Clearinghouse on the Federal Audit Clearinghouse’s Internet Data Entry System at http://harvester.census.gov/facweb/. Upon request of the FAA, the Sponsor shall provide one copy of the completed audit to the FAA. Sponsors that expend less than $1,000,000 in Federal awards and are exempt from Federal audit requirements must make records available for review or audit by the appropriate Federal agency officials, State, and Government Accountability Office. The FAA and other appropriate Federal agencies may request additional information to meet all Federal audit requirements. 20. Suspension or Debarment. When entering into a “covered transaction” as defined by 2 CFR § 180.200, the Sponsor must: a. Verify the non-Federal entity is eligible to participate in this Federal program by: 1. Checking the System for Award Management (SAM.gov) exclusions to determine if the non- Federal entity is excluded or disqualified; or 2. Collecting a certification statement from the non-Federal entity attesting they are not excluded or disqualified from participating; or 3. Adding a clause or condition to covered transactions attesting the individual or firm are not excluded or disqualified from participating. b. Require prime contractors to comply with 2 CFR § 180.330 when entering into lower-tier transactions with their contractors and sub-contractors. c. Immediately disclose in writing to the FAA whenever (1) the Sponsor learns they have entered into a covered transaction with an ineligible entity or (2) the Public Sponsor suspends or debars a contractor, person, or entity. 21. Ban on Texting While Driving. a. In accordance with Executive Order 13513, Federal Leadership on Reducing Text Messaging While Driving, October 1, 2009, and DOT Order 3902.10, Text Messaging While Driving, December 30, 2009, the Sponsor is encouraged to: 1. Adopt and enforce workplace safety policies to decrease crashes caused by distracted drivers including policies to ban text messaging while driving when performing any work for, or on behalf of, the Federal government, including work relating to a grant or subgrant. 2. Conduct workplace safety initiatives in a manner commensurate with the size of the business, such as: AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 9 i. Establishment of new rules and programs or re-evaluation of existing programs to prohibit text messaging while driving; and ii. Education, awareness, and other outreach to employees about the safety risks associated with texting while driving. b. The Sponsor must insert the substance of this clause on banning texting while driving in all subgrants, contracts, and subcontracts funded with this Grant. 22. Trafficking in Persons. 1. Posting of contact information. a. The Sponsor must post the contact information of the national human trafficking hotline (including options to reach out to the hotline such as through phone, text, or TTY) in all public airport restrooms. 2. Provisions applicable to a recipient that is a private entity. a. Under this Grant, the recipient, its employees, subrecipients under this Grant, and subrecipient’s employees must not engage in: i. Severe forms of trafficking in persons; ii. The procurement of a commercial sex act during the period of time that the grant or cooperative agreement is in effect; iii. The use of forced labor in the performance of this grant; or any subaward; or iv. Acts that directly support or advance trafficking in persons, including the following acts: a) Destroying, concealing, removing, confiscating, or otherwise denying an employee access to that employee’s identity or immigration documents; b) Failing to provide return transportation of pay for return transportation costs to an employee from a country outside the United States to the country from which the employee was recruited upon the end of employment if requested by the employee, unless: 1. Exempted from the requirement to provide or pay for such return transportation by the federal department or agency providing or entering into the grant; or 2. The employee is a victim of human trafficking seeking victim services or legal redress in the country of employment or witness in a human trafficking enforcement action; c) Soliciting a person for the purpose of employment, or offering employment, by means of materially false or fraudulent pretenses, representations, or promises regarding that employment; d) Charging recruited employees a placement or recruitment fee; or e) Providing or arranging housing that fails to meet the host country’s housing and safety standards. b. The FAA may unilaterally terminate this Grant or take any remedial actions authorized by 22 U.S.C. § 7104b(c), without penalty, if any private entity under this Grant: i. Is determined to have violated a prohibition in paragraph (2)(a) of this Grant; or ii. Has an employee that is determined to have violated a prohibition in paragraph(2)(a) of this Grant through conduct that is either: AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 10 a) Associated with the performance under this Grant; or b) Imputed to the recipient or the subrecipient using the standards and due process for imputing the conduct of an individual to an organization that are provided in 2 CFR Part 180, “OMB Guidelines to Agencies on Government-wide Debarment and Suspension (Nonprocurement),” as implemented by the FAA at 2 CFR Part 1200. 3. Provisions applicable to a recipient other than a private entity. a. The FAA may unilaterally terminate this award or take any remedial actions authorized by 22 U.S.C. § 7104b(c), without penalty, if subrecipient than is a private entity under this award: i. Is determined to have violated a prohibition in paragraph (2)(a) of this Grant or ii. Has an employee that is determined to have violated a prohibition in paragraph (2)(a) of this Grant through conduct that is either: a) Associated with the performance under this Grant; or b) Imputed to the recipient or the subrecipient using the standards and due process for imputing the conduct of an individual to an organization that are provided in 2 CFR Part 180, “OMB Guidelines to Agencies on Government- wide Debarment and Suspension (Nonprocurement),” as implemented by the FAA at 2 CFR Part 1200. 4. Provisions applicable to any recipient. a. The recipient must inform the FAA and the DOT Inspector General immediately of any information you receive from any source alleging a violation of a prohibition in paragraph (2)(a) of this Grant. b. The FAA’s right to unilaterally terminate this Grant as described in paragraphs (2)(b) or (3)(a) of this Grant, implements the requirements of 22 U.S.C. chapter 78, and is in addition to all other remedies for noncompliance that are available to the FAA under this Grant. c. The recipient must include the requirements of paragraph (2)(a) of this Grant award term in any subaward it makes to a private entity. d. If applicable, the recipient must also comply with the compliance plan and certification requirements in 2 CFR 175.105(b). 5. Definitions. For purposes of this Grant award, term: a. “Employee” means either: i. An individual employed by the recipient or a subrecipient who is engaged in the performance of the project or program under this Grant; or ii. Another person engaged in the performance of the project or program under this Grant and not compensated by the recipient including, but not limited to, a volunteer or individual whose services are contributed by a third party as an in-kind contribution toward cost sharing requirements. b. “Private Entity” means: AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 11 i. Any entity, including for-profit organizations, nonprofit organizations, institutions of higher education, and hospitals. The term does not include foreign public entities, Indian Tribes, local governments, or states as defined in 2 CFR 200.1. ii. The terms “severe forms of trafficking in persons,” “commercial sex act,” “sex trafficking,” “Abuse or threatened abuse of law or legal process,” “coercion,” “debt bondage,” and “involuntary servitude” have the meanings given at section 103 of the TVPA, as amended (22 U.S.C. § 7102). 23. AIP Funded Work Included in a PFC Application. Within 120 days of acceptance of this Grant Agreement, the Sponsor must submit to the FAA an amendment to any approved Passenger Facility Charge (PFC) application that contains an approved PFC project also covered under this Grant Agreement as described in the project application. The airport sponsor may not make any expenditure under this Grant Agreement until project work addressed under this Grant Agreement is removed from an approved PFC application by amendment. 24. Exhibit “A” Property Map. The Exhibit “A” Property Map dated June 1, 2022, is incorporated herein by reference or is submitted with the project application and made part of this Grant Agreement. 25. Employee Protection from Reprisal. In accordance with 2 CFR § 200.217 and 41 U.S.C. § 4701, an employee of a grantee, subgrantee contractor, recipient or subrecipient must not be discharged, demoted, or otherwise discriminated against as a reprisal for disclosing to a person or body described in paragraph (a)(2) of 41 U.S.C. 4712 information that the employee reasonably believes is evidence of gross mismanagement of a Federal contract or grant, a gross waste of Federal funds, an abuse of authority relating to a Federal contract or grant, a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety, or a violation of law, rule, or regulation related to a Federal contract (including the competition for or negotiation of a contract) or grant. The grantee, subgrantee, contractor, recipient, or subrecipient must inform their employees in writing of employee whistleblower rights and protections under 41 U.S.C. § 4712. See statutory requirements for whistleblower protections at 10 U.S.C. § 4701, 41 U.S.C. § 4712, 41 U.S.C. § 4304, and 10 U.S.C. § 4310. 26. Prohibited Telecommunications and Video Surveillance Services and Equipment. The Sponsor agrees to comply with mandatory standards and policies relating to use and procurement of certain telecommunications and video surveillance services or equipment in compliance with the National Defense Authorization Act [P.L. 115-232 § 889(f)(1)] and 2 CFR § 200.216. 27. Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience. The Sponsor acknowledges that it has considered and addressed physical and cybersecurity and resilience in its project planning, design, and oversight, as determined by the DOT and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). For airports that do not have specific DOT or DHS cybersecurity requirements, the FAA encourages the voluntary adoption of the cybersecurity requirements from the Transportation Security Administration and Federal Security Director identified for security risk Category X airports. 28. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act. As a condition of a grant award, the Sponsor shall demonstrate that it complies with the provisions of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. §§ 2000d et seq) and implementing regulations (49 CFR part 21), the Airport and Airway Improvement Act of 1982 (49 U.S.C. § 47123), the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 (42 U.S.C. 6101 et seq.), Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. § 794 et seq.), the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. § 12101, et seq.), U.S. Department of Transportation and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Assurances, and other relevant civil rights statutes, regulations, or authorities, including any amendments or updates thereto. This may include, as applicable, providing a current Title VI AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 12 Program Plan to the FAA for approval, in the format and according to the timeline required by the FAA, and other information about the communities that will be benefited and impacted by the project. A completed FAA Title VI Pre-Grant Award Checklist is required for every grant application, unless excused by the FAA. The Sponsor shall affirmatively ensure that when carrying out any project supported by this grant that it complies with all federal nondiscrimination and civil rights laws based on race, color, national origin, sex, creed, age, disability, genetic information, in consideration for federal financial assistance. The Department’s and FAA’s Office of Civil Rights may provide resources and technical assistance to recipients to ensure full and sustainable compliance with Federal civil rights requirements. Failure to comply with civil rights requirements will be considered a violation of the agreement or contract and be subject to any enforcement action as authorized by law. 29. FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024. This grant agreement is subject to the terms and conditions contained herein including the terms known as the Grant Assurances as they were published in the Federal Register on April 2025. On May 16, 2024, the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024 made certain amendments to 49 U.S.C. chapter 471. The Reauthorization Act will require FAA to make certain amendments to the assurances in order to best achieve consistency with the statute. Federal law requires that FAA publish any amendments to the assurances in the Federal Register along with an opportunity to comment. In order not to delay the offer of this grant, the existing assurances are attached herein; however, FAA shall interpret and apply these assurances consistent with the Reauthorization Act. To the extent there is a conflict between the assurances and Federal statutes, the statutes shall apply. The full text of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024 is at https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3935/text. 30. Applicable Federal Anti-Discrimination Laws. The sponsor agrees: a. that its compliance in all respects with all applicable Federal anti-discrimination laws is material to the government’s payment decisions for purposes of section 3729(b)(4) of title 31, United States Code; and b. to certify that it does not operate any programs promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) that violate any applicable Federal anti-discrimination laws. 31. Federal Law and Public Policy Requirements. The Sponsor shall ensure that Federal funding is expended in full accordance with the United States Constitution, Federal law, and statutory and public policy requirements: including but not limited to, those protecting free speech, religious liberty, public welfare, the environment, and prohibiting discrimination; and the Sponsor will cooperate with Federal officials in the enforcement of Federal law, including cooperating with and not impeding U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and other Federal offices and components of the Department of Homeland Security in and the enforcement of Federal immigration law. 32. National Airspace System Requirements a. The Sponsor shall cooperate with FAA activities installing, maintaining, replacing, improving, or operating equipment and facilities in or supporting the National Airspace System, including waiving permitting requirements and other restrictions affecting those activities to the AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 13 maximum extent possible, and assisting the FAA in securing waivers of permitting or other restrictions from other authorities. The Sponsor shall not take actions that frustrate or prevent the FAA from installing, maintaining, replacing, improving, or operating equipment and facilities in or supporting the National Airspace System. b. If FAA determines that the Sponsor has violated subsection (a), the FAA may impose a remedy, including: (1) additional conditions on the award; (2) consistent with 49 U.S.C chapter 471,.any remedy permitted under 2 C.F.R. 200.339– 200.340, including withholding of payments; disallowance of previously reimbursed costs, requiring refunds from the Recipient to the DOT; suspension or termination of the award; or suspension and debarment under 2 C.F.R. part 180; or (3) any other remedy legally available. c. (In imposing a remedy under this condition, the FAA may elect to consider the interests of only the FAA. d. The Sponsor acknowledges that amounts that the FAA requires the Sponsor to refund to the FAA due to a remedy under this condition constitute a debt to the Federal Government that the FAA may collect under 2 C.F.R. 200.346 and the Federal Claims Collection Standards (31 C.F.R. parts 900–904). 33. Signage Costs for Construction Projects. The Sponsor agrees that it will require the prime contractor of a Federally- assisted airport improvement project to post signs consistent with a DOT/FAA- prescribed format, as may be requested by the DOT/FAA, and further agrees to remove any signs posted in response to requests received prior to February 1, 2025. 34. Title 8 - U.S.C., Chapter 12, Subchapter II - Immigration. The sponsor will follow applicable federal laws pertaining to Subchapter 12, and be subject to the penalties set forth in 8 U.S.C. § 1324, Bringing in and harboring certain aliens, and 8 U.S.C. § 1327, Aiding or assisting certain aliens to enter SPECIAL CONDITIONS 35. Duffy Plaintiff Special Term. Pursuant to the court’s preliminary injunction order in State of California v. Duffy, 1:25-cv-00208-JJM-PAS (D.R.I.) (June 19, 2025), DOT will not impose or enforce the challenged immigration enforcement condition* or any materially similar terms and conditions, to any grant funds awarded, directly or indirectly, to Plaintiff States or local government entities within those States (collectively referred to as “Plaintiff State Entities”), or otherwise rescind, withhold, terminate, or take other adverse action, absent specific statutory authority, based on the challenged immigration enforcement condition while DOT is subject to an injunction. DOT will not require Plaintiff State Entities to make any certification or other representation related to compliance with the challenged immigration enforcement condition nor will DOT construe AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 14 acceptance of funding from DOT as certification as to the challenged immigration enforcement condition. *The challenged immigration enforcement condition: “[T]he Recipient will cooperate with Federal officials in the enforcement of Federal law, including cooperating with and not impeding U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and other Federal offices and components of the Department of Homeland Security in the enforcement of Federal immigration law.” 36. Lighting. The Sponsor must operate and maintain the lighting system during the useful life of the system in accordance with applicable FAA standards. 37. Project Containing Paving Work in Excess of $500,000. The Sponsor agrees to: a. Furnish a construction management program to the FAA prior to the start of construction which details the measures and procedures to be used to comply with the quality control provisions of the construction contract, including, but not limited to, all quality control provisions and tests required by the Federal specifications. The program must include as a minimum: 1. The name of the person representing the Sponsor who has overall responsibility for contract administration for the project and the authority to take necessary actions to comply with the contract; 2. Names of testing laboratories and consulting engineer firms with quality control responsibilities on the project, together with a description of the services to be provided; 3. Procedures for determining that the testing laboratories meet the requirements of the ASTM International standards on laboratory evaluation referenced in the contract specifications (i.e., ASTM D 3666, ASTM C 1077); 4. Qualifications of engineering supervision and construction inspection personnel; 5. A listing of all tests required by the contract specifications, including the type and frequency of tests to be taken, the method of sampling, the applicable test standard, and the acceptance criteria or tolerances permitted for each type of test; and 6. Procedures for ensuring that the tests are taken in accordance with the program, that they are documented daily, and that the proper corrective actions, where necessary, are undertaken. b. Submit at completion of the project, a final test and quality assurance report documenting the summary results of all tests performed and highlighting those tests that indicated failure or that did not meet the applicable test standard. The report must include the pay reductions applied and the reasons for accepting any out-of-tolerance material. Submit interim test and quality assurance reports when requested by the FAA. c. Failure to provide a complete report as described above, or failure to perform such tests, will, absent any compelling justification, result in a reduction in Federal participation for costs incurred in connection with construction of the applicable pavement. Such reduction will be at the discretion of the FAA and will be based on the type or types of required tests not performed or not documented and will be commensurate with the proportion of applicable pavement with respect to the total pavement constructed under the Grant Agreement. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 15 d. The FAA, at its discretion, reserves the right to conduct independent tests and to reduce grant payments accordingly if such independent tests determine that Sponsor test results are inaccurate. 38. Buy American Executive Orders. The Sponsor agrees to abide by applicable Executive Orders in effect at the time this Grant Agreement is executed, including Executive Order 14005, Ensuring the Future Is Made in All of America by All of America’s Workers. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 16 The Sponsor’s acceptance of this Offer and ratification and adoption of the Project Application incorporated herein shall be evidenced by execution of this instrument by the Sponsor, as hereinafter provided, and this Offer and Acceptance shall comprise a Grant Agreement, constituting the contractual obligations and rights of the United States and the Sponsor with respect to the accomplishment of the Project and compliance with the Grant Assurances, terms, and conditions as provided herein. Such Grant Agreement shall become effective upon the Sponsor’s acceptance of this Offer. Please read the following information: By signing this document, you are agreeing that you have reviewed the following consumer disclosure information and consent to transact business using electronic communications, to receive notices and disclosures electronically, and to utilize electronic signatures in lieu of using paper documents. You are not required to receive notices and disclosures or sign documents electronically. If you prefer not to do so, you may request to receive paper copies and withdraw your consent at any time. I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.1 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION {{Sig_es_:signer1:signature:dimension(height=12mm, width=70mm}} (Signature) {{N_es_:signer1:fullname }} Ryan C. Zulauf {{N_es_:signer1:title }} Acting Manager, Seattle Airports District Office 1 Knowingly and willfully providing false information to the Federal government is a violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1001 (False Statements) and could subject you to fines, imprisonment, or both. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 17 Part II - Acceptance The Sponsor does hereby ratify and adopt all assurances, statements, representations, warranties, covenants, and agreements contained in the Project Application and incorporated materials referred to in the foregoing Offer and does hereby accept this Offer and by such acceptance agrees to comply with all of the Grant Assurances, terms, and conditions in this Offer and in the Project Application. Please read the following information: By signing this document, you are agreeing that you have reviewed the following consumer disclosure information and consent to transact business using electronic communications, to receive notices and disclosures electronically, and to utilize electronic signatures in lieu of using paper documents. You are not required to receive notices and disclosures or sign documents electronically. If you prefer not to do so, you may request to receive paper copies and withdraw your consent at any time. I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.2 Dated {{DateTime_es_:signer2:calc(now()):format(date," mmmm d, yyyy")}} City of Renton (Name of Sponsor) {{Sig_es_:signer2:signature:dimension(height=12mm, width=70mm}} (Signature of Sponsor’s Authorized Official) By: {{N_es_:signer2:fullname }} (Typed Name of Sponsor’s Authorized Official) Title: {{*Ttl_es_:signer2:title }} (Title of Sponsor’s Authorized Official) 2 Knowingly and willfully providing false information to the Federal government is a violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1001 (False Statements) and could subject you to fines, imprisonment, or both. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 18 CERTIFICATE OF SPONSOR’S ATTORNEY I, {{N_es_:signer3: fullname}}, acting as Attorney for the Sponsor do hereby certify: That in my opinion the Sponsor is empowered to enter into the foregoing Grant Agreement under the laws of the State of Washington. Further, I have examined the foregoing Grant Agreement and the actions taken by said Sponsor and Sponsor’s official representative, who has been duly authorized to execute this Grant Agreement, which is in all respects due and proper and in accordance with the laws of the said State; and Title 49, United States Code (U.S.C.), Chapters 471 and 475; 49 U.S.C. §§ 40101 et seq., and 48103; FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-254); the Department of Transportation Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260, Division L); the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 ( P.L. 117-103); Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 ( P.L. 117-328); Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 (P.L. 118-42); FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024 (P.L. 118-63); and the representations contained in the Project Application. In addition, for grants involving projects to be carried out on property not owned by the Sponsor, there are no legal impediments that will prevent full performance by the Sponsor. Further, it is my opinion that the said Grant Agreement constitutes a legal and binding obligation of the Sponsor in accordance with the terms thereof. Please read the following information: By signing this document, you are agreeing that you have reviewed the following consumer disclosure information and consent to transact business using electronic communications, to receive notices and disclosures electronically, and to utilize electronic signatures in lieu of using paper documents. You are not required to receive notices and disclosures or sign documents electronically. If you prefer not to do so, you may request to receive paper copies and withdraw your consent at any time. I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.3 Dated at {{DateTime_es_:signer3:calc(now()):format(date," mmmm d, yyyy")}} By: {{Sig_es_:signer3:signature:dimension(height=12mm, width=70mm}} (Signature of Sponsor’s Attorney) 3 Knowingly and willfully providing false information to the Federal government is a violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1001 (False Statements) and could subject you to fines, imprisonment, or both. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 1 of 19 ASSURANCES AIRPORT SPONSORS A. General. 1. These assurances shall be complied with in the performance of grant agreements for airport development, airport planning, and noise compatibility program grants for airport sponsors. 2. These assurances are required to be submitted as part of the project application by sponsors requesting funds under the provisions of Title 49, U.S.C., subtitle VII, as amended. As used herein, the term "public agency sponsor" means a public agency with control of a public-use airport; the term "private sponsor" means a private owner of a public-use airport; and the term "sponsor" includes both public agency sponsors and private sponsors. 3. Upon acceptance of this grant offer by the sponsor, these assurances are incorporated in and become part of this Grant Agreement. B. Duration and Applicability. 1. Airport Development or Noise Compatibility Program Projects Undertaken by a Public Agency Sponsor. The terms, conditions and assurances of this Grant Agreement shall remain in full force and effect throughout the useful life of the facilities developed or equipment acquired for an airport development or noise compatibility program project, or throughout the useful life of the project items installed within a facility under a noise compatibility program project, but in any event not to exceed twenty (20) years from the date of acceptance of a grant offer of Federal funds for the project. However, there shall be no limit on the duration of the assurances regarding Exclusive Rights and Airport Revenue so long as the airport is used as an airport. There shall be no limit on the duration of the terms, conditions, and assurances with respect to real property acquired with federal funds. Furthermore, the duration of the Civil Rights assurance shall be specified in the assurances. 2. Airport Development or Noise Compatibility Projects Undertaken by a Private Sponsor. The preceding paragraph (1) also applies to a private sponsor except that the useful life of project items installed within a facility or the useful life of the facilities developed or equipment acquired under an airport development or noise compatibility program project shall be no less than ten (10) years from the date of acceptance of Federal aid for the project. 3. Airport Planning Undertaken by a Sponsor. Unless otherwise specified in this Grant Agreement, only Assurances 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 13, 18, 23, 25, 30, 32, 33, 34, 37, and 40 in Section C apply to planning projects. The terms, conditions, and assurances of this Grant Agreement shall remain in full force and effect during the life of the project; there shall be no limit on the duration of the assurances regarding Exclusive Rights and Airport Revenue so long as the airport is used as an airport. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 2 of 19 C. Sponsor Certification. The sponsor hereby assures and certifies, with respect to this grant that: 1. General Federal Requirements It will comply with all applicable Federal laws, regulations, executive orders, policies, guidelines, and requirements as they relate to the application, acceptance, and use of Federal funds for this Grant. Performance under this agreement shall be governed by and in compliance with the following requirements, as applicable, to the type of organization of the Sponsor and any applicable sub-recipients. The applicable provisions to this agreement include, but are not limited to, the following: FEDERAL LEGISLATION a. 49 U.S.C. subtitle VII, as amended. b. Davis-Bacon Act, as amended — 40 U.S.C. §§ 3141-3144, 3146, and 3147, et seq.1 c. Federal Fair Labor Standards Act – 29 U.S.C. § 201, et seq. d. Hatch Act – 5 U.S.C. § 1501, et seq.2 e. Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970, 42 U.S.C. § 4601, et seq.1, 2 f. National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 – Section 106 – 54 U.S.C. § 306108.1 g. Archeological and Historic Preservation Act of 1974 – 54 U.S.C. § 312501, et seq.1 h. Native Americans Grave Repatriation Act – 25 U.S.C. § 3001, et seq. i. Clean Air Act, P.L. 90-148, as amended – 42 U.S.C. § 7401, et seq. j. Coastal Zone Management Act, P.L. 92-583, as amended – 16 U.S.C. § 1451, et seq. k. Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973 – Section 102(a) - 42 U.S.C. § 4012a.1 l. 49 U.S.C. § 303, (formerly known as Section 4(f)). m. Rehabilitation Act of 1973 – 29 U.S.C. § 794. n. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. § 2000d et seq.) (prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin). o. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended, (42 U.S.C. § 12101 et seq.) (prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability). p. Age Discrimination Act of 1975 – 42 U.S.C. § 6101, et seq. q. American Indian Religious Freedom Act, P.L. 95-341, as amended. r. Architectural Barriers Act of 1968, as amended – 42 U.S.C. § 4151, et seq.1 s. Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978 – Section 403 – 42 U.S.C. § 8373.1 t. Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act – 40 U.S.C. § 3701, et seq.1 u. Copeland Anti-kickback Act – 18 U.S.C. § 874.1 AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 3 of 19 v. National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 – 42 U.S.C. § 4321, et seq.1 w. Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, P.L. 90-542, as amended – 16 U.S.C. § 1271, et seq. x. Single Audit Act of 1984 – 31 U.S.C. § 7501, et seq.2 y. Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 – 41 U.S.C. §§ 8101 through 8105. z. The Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006, as amended (P.L. 109-282, as amended by section 6202 of P.L. 110-252). aa. Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987, P.L. 100-259. bb. Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, P.L. 117-58, Title VIII. cc. Build America, Buy America Act, P.L. 117-58, Title IX. dd. Endangered Species Act – 16 U.S.C. 1531, et seq. ee. Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, as amended – 20 U.S.C. 1681–1683 and 1685– 1687. ff. Drug Abuse Office and Treatment Act of 1972, as amended – 21 U.S.C. 1101, et seq. gg. Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Prevention, Treatment and Rehabilitation Act of 1970, P.L. 91- 616, as amended – 42 U.S.C. § 4541, et seq. hh. Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Prevention, Treatment and Rehabilitation Act of 1970, P.L. 91- 616, as amended – 42 U.S.C. § 4541, et seq. ii. Appropriated Funds to Influence Certain Federal Contracting and Financial Transactions – 31 U.S.C. § 1352. EXECUTIVE ORDERS a. Executive Order 11990 – Protection of Wetlands b. Executive Order 11988 – Floodplain Management c. Executive Order 12372 – Intergovernmental Review of Federal Programs d. Executive Order 12699 – Seismic Safety of Federal and Federally Assisted New Building Construction1 e. Executive Order 14005 – Ensuring the Future is Made in all of America by All of America’s Workers f. Executive Order 14149 – Restoring Freedom of Speech and Ending Federal Censorship g. Executive Order 14151 – Ending Radical and Wasteful Government DEI Programs and Preferencing h. Executive Order 14154 – Unleashing American Energy i. Executive Order 14168 – Defending Women from Gender Ideology Extremism and Restoring Biological Truth to the Federal Government j. Executive Order 14173 – Ending Illegal Discrimination and Restoring Merit-Based Opportunity AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 4 of 19 FEDERAL REGULATIONS a. 2 CFR Part 180 – OMB Guidelines to Agencies on Governmentwide Debarment and Suspension (Nonprocurement). b. 2 CFR Part 200 and 1201 – Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements for Federal Awards. 3, 4, 5 c. 2 CFR Part 1200 – Nonprocurement Suspension and Debarment. d. 14 CFR Part 13 – Investigative and Enforcement Procedures. e. 14 CFR Part 16 – Rules of Practice for Federally-Assisted Airport Enforcement Proceedings. f. 14 CFR Part 150 – Airport Noise Compatibility Planning. g. 28 CFR Part 35 – Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability in State and Local Government Services. h. 28 CFR § 50.3 – U.S. Department of Justice Guidelines for the Enforcement of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. i. 29 CFR Part 1 – Procedures for Predetermination of Wage Rates.1 j. 29 CFR Part 3 – Contractors and Subcontractors on Public Building or Public Work Financed in Whole or in Part by Loans or Grants from the United States.1 k. 29 CFR Part 5 – Labor Standards Provisions Applicable to Contracts Covering Federally Financed and Assisted Construction (Also Labor Standards Provisions Applicable to Nonconstruction Contracts Subject to the Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act).1 l. 41 CFR Part 60 – Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Equal Employment Opportunity, Department of Labor (Federal and Federally-assisted contracting requirements).1 m. 49 CFR Part 20 – New Restrictions on Lobbying. n. 49 CFR Part 21 – Nondiscrimination in Federally-Assisted Programs of the Department of Transportation - Effectuation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. o. 49 CFR Part 23 – Participation by Disadvantage Business Enterprise in Airport Concessions. p. 49 CFR Part 24 – Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition for Federal and Federally-Assisted Programs.1, 2 q. 49 CFR Part 26 – Participation by Disadvantaged Business Enterprises in Department of Transportation Financial Assistance Programs. r. 49 CFR Part 27 – Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability in Programs or Activities Receiving Federal Financial Assistance.1 s. 49 CFR Part 28 – Enforcement of Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Handicap in Programs or Activities Conducted by the Department of Transportation. t. 49 CFR Part 30 – Denial of Public Works Contracts to Suppliers of Goods and Services of Countries That Deny Procurement Market Access to U.S. Contractors. u. 49 CFR Part 32 – Governmentwide Requirements for Drug-Free Workplace (Financial Assistance). AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 5 of 19 v. 49 CFR Part 37 – Transportation Services for Individuals with Disabilities (ADA). w. 49 CFR Part 38 – Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Accessibility Specifications for Transportation Vehicles. x. 49 CFR Part 41 – Seismic Safety. FOOTNOTES TO ASSURANCE (C)(1) 1 These laws do not apply to airport planning sponsors. 2 These laws do not apply to private sponsors. 3 2 CFR Part 200 contains requirements for State and Local Governments receiving Federal assistance. Any requirement levied upon State and Local Governments by this regulation shall apply where applicable to private sponsors receiving Federal assistance under Title 49, United States Code. 4 Cost principles established in 2 CFR Part 200 subpart E must be used as guidelines for determining the eligibility of specific types of expenses. 5 Audit requirements established in 2 CFR Part 200 subpart F are the guidelines for audits. SPECIFIC ASSURANCES Specific assurances required to be included in grant agreements by any of the above laws, regulations or circulars are incorporated by reference in this Grant Agreement. 2. Responsibility and Authority of the Sponsor. a. Public Agency Sponsor: It has legal authority to apply for this Grant, and to finance and carry out the proposed project; that a resolution, motion or similar action has been duly adopted or passed as an official act of the applicant's governing body authorizing the filing of the application, including all understandings and assurances contained therein, and directing and authorizing the person identified as the official representative of the applicant to act in connection with the application and to provide such additional information as may be required. b. Private Sponsor: It has legal authority to apply for this Grant and to finance and carry out the proposed project and comply with all terms, conditions, and assurances of this Grant Agreement. It shall designate an official representative and shall in writing direct and authorize that person to file this application, including all understandings and assurances contained therein; to act in connection with this application; and to provide such additional information as may be required. 3. Sponsor Fund Availability. It has sufficient funds available for that portion of the project costs which are not to be paid by the United States. It has sufficient funds available to assure operation and maintenance of items funded under this Grant Agreement which it will own or control. 4. Good Title. a. It, a public agency or the Federal government, holds good title, satisfactory to the Secretary, to the landing area of the airport or site thereof, or will give assurance satisfactory to the Secretary that good title will be acquired. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 6 of 19 b. For noise compatibility program projects to be carried out on the property of the sponsor, it holds good title satisfactory to the Secretary to that portion of the property upon which Federal funds will be expended or will give assurance to the Secretary that good title will be obtained. 5. Preserving Rights and Powers. a. It will not take or permit any action which would operate to deprive it of any of the rights and powers necessary to perform any or all of the terms, conditions, and assurances in this Grant Agreement without the written approval of the Secretary, and will act promptly to acquire, extinguish or modify any outstanding rights or claims of right of others which would interfere with such performance by the sponsor. This shall be done in a manner acceptable to the Secretary. b. Subject to 49 U.S.C. § 47107(a)(16) and (x), it will not sell, lease, encumber, or otherwise transfer or dispose of any part of its title or other interests in the property shown on Exhibit A to this application or, for a noise compatibility program project, that portion of the property upon which Federal funds have been expended, for the duration of the terms, conditions, and assurances in this Grant Agreement without approval by the Secretary. If the transferee is found by the Secretary to be eligible under Title 49, United States Code, to assume the obligations of this Grant Agreement and to have the power, authority, and financial resources to carry out all such obligations, the sponsor shall insert in the contract or document transferring or disposing of the sponsor's interest, and make binding upon the transferee all of the terms, conditions, and assurances contained in this Grant Agreement. c. For all noise compatibility program projects which are to be carried out by another unit of local government or are on property owned by a unit of local government other than the sponsor, it will enter into an agreement with that government. Except as otherwise specified by the Secretary, that agreement shall obligate that government to the same terms, conditions, and assurances that would be applicable to it if it applied directly to the FAA for a grant to undertake the noise compatibility program project. That agreement and changes thereto must be satisfactory to the Secretary. It will take steps to enforce this agreement against the local government if there is substantial non-compliance with the terms of the agreement. d. For noise compatibility program projects to be carried out on privately owned property, it will enter into an agreement with the owner of that property which includes provisions specified by the Secretary. It will take steps to enforce this agreement against the property owner whenever there is substantial non-compliance with the terms of the agreement. e. If the sponsor is a private sponsor, it will take steps satisfactory to the Secretary to ensure that the airport will continue to function as a public-use airport in accordance with these assurances for the duration of these assurances. f. If an arrangement is made for management and operation of the airport by any agency or person other than the sponsor or an employee of the sponsor, the sponsor will reserve sufficient rights and authority to ensure that the airport will be operated and maintained in accordance with Title 49, United States Code, the regulations and the terms, conditions and assurances in this Grant Agreement and shall ensure that such arrangement also requires compliance therewith. g. Sponsors of commercial service airports will not permit or enter into any arrangement that results in permission for the owner or tenant of a property used as a residence, or zoned for residential use, to taxi an aircraft between that property and any location on airport. Sponsors AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 7 of 19 of general aviation airports entering into any arrangement that results in permission for the owner of residential real property adjacent to or near the airport must comply with the requirements of Sec. 136 of Public Law 112-95 and the sponsor assurances. 6. Consistency with Local Plans. The project is reasonably consistent with plans (existing at the time of submission of this application) of public agencies that are authorized by the State in which the project is located to plan for the development of the area surrounding the airport. 7. Consideration of Local Interest. It has given fair consideration to the interest of communities in or near where the project may be located. 8. Consultation with Users. In making a decision to undertake any airport development project under Title 49, United States Code, it has undertaken reasonable consultations with affected parties using the airport at which project is proposed. 9. Public Hearings. In projects involving the location of an airport, an airport runway, or a major runway extension, it has afforded the opportunity for public hearings for the purpose of considering the economic, social, and environmental effects of the airport or runway location and its consistency with goals and objectives of such planning as has been carried out by the community and it shall, when requested by the Secretary, submit a copy of the transcript of such hearings to the Secretary. Further, for such projects, it has on its management board either voting representation from the communities where the project is located or has advised the communities that they have the right to petition the Secretary concerning a proposed project. 10. Metropolitan Planning Organization. In projects involving the location of an airport, an airport runway, or a major runway extension at a medium or large hub airport, the sponsor has made available to and has provided upon request to the metropolitan planning organization in the area in which the airport is located, if any, a copy of the proposed amendment to the airport layout plan to depict the project and a copy of any airport master plan in which the project is described or depicted. 11. Pavement Preventive Maintenance-Management. With respect to a project approved after January 1, 1995, for the replacement or reconstruction of pavement at the airport, it assures or certifies that it has implemented an effective airport pavement maintenance-management program and it assures that it will use such program for the useful life of any pavement constructed, reconstructed or repaired with Federal financial assistance at the airport. It will provide such reports on pavement condition and pavement management programs as the Secretary determines may be useful. 12. Terminal Development Prerequisites. For projects which include terminal development at a public use airport, as defined in Title 49, it has, on the date of submittal of the project grant application, all the safety equipment required for certification of such airport under 49 U.S.C. § 44706, and all the security equipment required by rule or regulation, and has provided for access to the passenger enplaning and deplaning area of such airport to passengers enplaning and deplaning from aircraft other than air carrier aircraft. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 8 of 19 13. Accounting System, Audit, and Record Keeping Requirements. a. It shall keep all project accounts and records which fully disclose the amount and disposition by the recipient of the proceeds of this Grant, the total cost of the project in connection with which this Grant is given or used, and the amount or nature of that portion of the cost of the project supplied by other sources, and such other financial records pertinent to the project. The accounts and records shall be kept in accordance with an accounting system that will facilitate an effective audit in accordance with the Single Audit Act of 1984. b. It shall make available to the Secretary and the Comptroller General of the United States, or any of their duly authorized representatives, for the purpose of audit and examination, any books, documents, papers, and records of the recipient that are pertinent to this Grant. The Secretary may require that an appropriate audit be conducted by a recipient. In any case in which an independent audit is made of the accounts of a sponsor relating to the disposition of the proceeds of a grant or relating to the project in connection with which this Grant was given or used, it shall file a certified copy of such audit with the Comptroller General of the United States not later than six (6) months following the close of the fiscal year for which the audit was made. 14. Minimum Wage Rates. It shall include, in all contracts in excess of $2,000 for work on any projects funded under this Grant Agreement which involve labor, provisions establishing minimum rates of wages, to be predetermined by the Secretary of Labor under 40 U.S.C. §§ 3141-3144, 3146, and 3147, Public Building, Property, and Works), which contractors shall pay to skilled and unskilled labor, and such minimum rates shall be stated in the invitation for bids and shall be included in proposals or bids for the work. 15. Veteran's Preference. It shall include in all contracts for work on any project funded under this Grant Agreement which involve labor, such provisions as are necessary to insure that, in the employment of labor (except in executive, administrative, and supervisory positions), preference shall be given to Vietnam era veterans, Persian Gulf veterans, Afghanistan-Iraq war veterans, disabled veterans, and small business concerns owned and controlled by disabled veterans as defined in 49 U.S.C. § 47112. However, this preference shall apply only where the individuals are available and qualified to perform the work to which the employment relates. 16. Conformity to Plans and Specifications. It will execute the project subject to plans, specifications, and schedules approved by the Secretary. Such plans, specifications, and schedules shall be submitted to the Secretary prior to commencement of site preparation, construction, or other performance under this Grant Agreement, and, upon approval of the Secretary, shall be incorporated into this Grant Agreement. Any modification to the approved plans, specifications, and schedules shall also be subject to approval of the Secretary, and incorporated into this Grant Agreement. 17. Construction Inspection and Approval. It will provide and maintain competent technical supervision at the construction site throughout the project to assure that the work conforms to the plans, specifications, and schedules approved by the Secretary for the project. It shall subject the construction work on any project contained in an approved project application to inspection and approval by the Secretary and such work shall be in AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 9 of 19 accordance with regulations and procedures prescribed by the Secretary. Such regulations and procedures shall require such cost and progress reporting by the sponsor or sponsors of such project as the Secretary shall deem necessary. 18. Planning Projects. In carrying out planning projects: a. It will execute the project in accordance with the approved program narrative contained in the project application or with the modifications similarly approved. b. It will furnish the Secretary with such periodic reports as required pertaining to the planning project and planning work activities. c. It will include in all published material prepared in connection with the planning project a notice that the material was prepared under a grant provided by the United States. d. It will make such material available for examination by the public, and agrees that no material prepared with funds under this project shall be subject to copyright in the United States or any other country. e. It will give the Secretary unrestricted authority to publish, disclose, distribute, and otherwise use any of the material prepared in connection with this grant. f. It will grant the Secretary the right to disapprove the sponsor's employment of specific consultants and their subcontractors to do all or any part of this project as well as the right to disapprove the proposed scope and cost of professional services. g. It will grant the Secretary the right to disapprove the use of the sponsor's employees to do all or any part of the project. h. It understands and agrees that the Secretary's approval of this project grant or the Secretary's approval of any planning material developed as part of this grant does not constitute or imply any assurance or commitment on the part of the Secretary to approve any pending or future application for a Federal airport grant. 19. Operation and Maintenance. a. The airport and all facilities which are necessary to serve the aeronautical users of the airport, other than facilities owned or controlled by the United States, shall be operated at all times in a safe and serviceable condition and in accordance with the minimum standards as may be required or prescribed by applicable Federal, state, and local agencies for maintenance and operation. It will not cause or permit any activity or action thereon which would interfere with its use for airport purposes. It will suitably operate and maintain the airport and all facilities thereon or connected therewith, with due regard to climatic and flood conditions. Any proposal to temporarily close the airport for non-aeronautical purposes must first be approved by the Secretary. In furtherance of this assurance, the sponsor will have in effect arrangements for: 1. Operating the airport's aeronautical facilities whenever required; 2. Promptly marking and lighting hazards resulting from airport conditions, including temporary conditions; and 3. Promptly notifying pilots of any condition affecting aeronautical use of the airport. Nothing contained herein shall be construed to require that the airport be operated for aeronautical use during temporary periods when snow, flood, or other climatic conditions AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 10 of 19 interfere with such operation and maintenance. Further, nothing herein shall be construed as requiring the maintenance, repair, restoration, or replacement of any structure or facility which is substantially damaged or destroyed due to an act of God or other condition or circumstance beyond the control of the sponsor. b. It will suitably operate and maintain noise compatibility program items that it owns or controls upon which Federal funds have been expended. 20. Hazard Removal and Mitigation. It will take appropriate action to assure that such terminal airspace as is required to protect instrument and visual operations to the airport (including established minimum flight altitudes) will be adequately cleared and protected by removing, lowering, relocating, marking, or lighting or otherwise mitigating existing airport hazards and by preventing the establishment or creation of future airport hazards. 21. Compatible Land Use. It will take appropriate action, to the extent reasonable, including the adoption of zoning laws, to restrict the use of land adjacent to or in the immediate vicinity of the airport to activities and purposes compatible with normal airport operations, including landing and takeoff of aircraft. In addition, if the project is for noise compatibility program implementation, it will not cause or permit any change in land use, within its jurisdiction, that will reduce its compatibility, with respect to the airport, of the noise compatibility program measures upon which Federal funds have been expended. 22. Economic Nondiscrimination. a. It will make the airport available as an airport for public use on reasonable terms and without unjust discrimination to all types, kinds and classes of aeronautical activities, including commercial aeronautical activities offering services to the public at the airport. b. In any agreement, contract, lease, or other arrangement under which a right or privilege at the airport is granted to any person, firm, or corporation to conduct or to engage in any aeronautical activity for furnishing services to the public at the airport, the sponsor will insert and enforce provisions requiring the contractor to: 1. Furnish said services on a reasonable, and not unjustly discriminatory, basis to all users thereof, and 2. Charge reasonable, and not unjustly discriminatory, prices for each unit or service, provided that the contractor may be allowed to make reasonable and nondiscriminatory discounts, rebates, or other similar types of price reductions to volume purchasers. c. Each fixed-based operator at the airport shall be subject to the same rates, fees, rentals, and other charges as are uniformly applicable to all other fixed-based operators making the same or similar uses of such airport and utilizing the same or similar facilities. d. Each air carrier using such airport shall have the right to service itself or to use any fixed-based operator that is authorized or permitted by the airport to serve any air carrier at such airport. e. Each air carrier using such airport (whether as a tenant, non-tenant, or subtenant of another air carrier tenant) shall be subject to such nondiscriminatory and substantially comparable rules, regulations, conditions, rates, fees, rentals, and other charges with respect to facilities directly and substantially related to providing air transportation as are applicable to all such air carriers AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 11 of 19 which make similar use of such airport and utilize similar facilities, subject to reasonable classifications such as tenants or non-tenants and signatory carriers and non-signatory carriers. Classification or status as tenant or signatory shall not be unreasonably withheld by any airport provided an air carrier assumes obligations substantially similar to those already imposed on air carriers in such classification or status. f. It will not exercise or grant any right or privilege which operates to prevent any person, firm, or corporation operating aircraft on the airport from performing any services on its own aircraft with its own employees (including, but not limited to maintenance, repair, and fueling) that it may choose to perform. g. In the event the sponsor itself exercises any of the rights and privileges referred to in this assurance, the services involved will be provided on the same conditions as would apply to the furnishing of such services by commercial aeronautical service providers authorized by the sponsor under these provisions. h. The sponsor may establish such reasonable, and not unjustly discriminatory, conditions to be met by all users of the airport as may be necessary for the safe and efficient operation of the airport. i. The sponsor may prohibit or limit any given type, kind or class of aeronautical use of the airport if such action is necessary for the safe operation of the airport or necessary to serve the civil aviation needs of the public. 23. Exclusive Rights. It will permit no exclusive right for the use of the airport by any person providing, or intending to provide, aeronautical services to the public. For purposes of this paragraph, the providing of the services at an airport by a single fixed-based operator shall not be construed as an exclusive right if both of the following apply: a. It would be unreasonably costly, burdensome, or impractical for more than one fixed-based operator to provide such services, and b. If allowing more than one fixed-based operator to provide such services would require the reduction of space leased pursuant to an existing agreement between such single fixed-based operator and such airport. It further agrees that it will not, either directly or indirectly, grant or permit any person, firm, or corporation, the exclusive right at the airport to conduct any aeronautical activities, including, but not limited to charter flights, pilot training, aircraft rental and sightseeing, aerial photography, crop dusting, aerial advertising and surveying, air carrier operations, aircraft sales and services, sale of aviation petroleum products whether or not conducted in conjunction with other aeronautical activity, repair and maintenance of aircraft, sale of aircraft parts, and any other activities which because of their direct relationship to the operation of aircraft can be regarded as an aeronautical activity, and that it will terminate any exclusive right to conduct an aeronautical activity now existing at such an airport before the grant of any assistance under Title 49, United States Code. 24. Fee and Rental Structure. It will maintain a fee and rental structure for the facilities and services at the airport which will make the airport as self-sustaining as possible under the circumstances existing at the particular airport, taking into account such factors as the volume of traffic and economy of collection. No part of the Federal share of an airport development, airport planning or noise compatibility project for AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 12 of 19 which a Grant is made under Title 49, United States Code, the Airport and Airway Improvement Act of 1982, the Federal Airport Act or the Airport and Airway Development Act of 1970 shall be included in the rate basis in establishing fees, rates, and charges for users of that airport. 25. Airport Revenues. a. All revenues generated by the airport and any local taxes on aviation fuel established after December 30, 1987, will be expended by it for the capital or operating costs of the airport; the local airport system; or other local facilities which are owned or operated by the owner or operator of the airport and which are directly and substantially related to the actual air transportation of passengers or property; or for noise mitigation purposes on or off the airport. The following exceptions apply to this paragraph: 1. If covenants or assurances in debt obligations issued before September 3, 1982, by the owner or operator of the airport, or provisions enacted before September 3, 1982, in governing statutes controlling the owner or operator's financing, provide for the use of the revenues from any of the airport owner or operator's facilities, including the airport, to support not only the airport but also the airport owner or operator's general debt obligations or other facilities, then this limitation on the use of all revenues generated by the airport (and, in the case of a public airport, local taxes on aviation fuel) shall not apply. 2. If the Secretary approves the sale of a privately owned airport to a public sponsor and provides funding for any portion of the public sponsor’s acquisition of land, this limitation on the use of all revenues generated by the sale shall not apply to certain proceeds from the sale. This is conditioned on repayment to the Secretary by the private owner of an amount equal to the remaining unamortized portion (amortized over a 20-year period) of any airport improvement grant made to the private owner for any purpose other than land acquisition on or after October 1, 1996, plus an amount equal to the federal share of the current fair market value of any land acquired with an airport improvement grant made to that airport on or after October 1, 1996. 3. Certain revenue derived from or generated by mineral extraction, production, lease, or other means at a general aviation airport (as defined at 49 U.S.C. § 47102), if the FAA determines the airport sponsor meets the requirements set forth in Section 813 of Public Law 112-95. b. As part of the annual audit required under the Single Audit Act of 1984, the sponsor will direct that the audit will review, and the resulting audit report will provide an opinion concerning, the use of airport revenue and taxes in paragraph (a), and indicating whether funds paid or transferred to the owner or operator are paid or transferred in a manner consistent with Title 49, United States Code and any other applicable provision of law, including any regulation promulgated by the Secretary or Administrator. c. Any civil penalties or other sanctions will be imposed for violation of this assurance in accordance with the provisions of 49 U.S.C. § 47107. 26. Reports and Inspections. It will: a. submit to the Secretary such annual or special financial and operations reports as the Secretary may reasonably request and make such reports available to the public; make available to the AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 13 of 19 public at reasonable times and places a report of the airport budget in a format prescribed by the Secretary; b. for airport development projects, make the airport and all airport records and documents affecting the airport, including deeds, leases, operation and use agreements, regulations and other instruments, available for inspection by any duly authorized agent of the Secretary upon reasonable request; c. for noise compatibility program projects, make records and documents relating to the project and continued compliance with the terms, conditions, and assurances of this Grant Agreement including deeds, leases, agreements, regulations, and other instruments, available for inspection by any duly authorized agent of the Secretary upon reasonable request; and d. in a format and time prescribed by the Secretary, provide to the Secretary and make available to the public following each of its fiscal years, an annual report listing in detail: 1. all amounts paid by the airport to any other unit of government and the purposes for which each such payment was made; and 2. all services and property provided by the airport to other units of government and the amount of compensation received for provision of each such service and property. 27. Use by Government Aircraft. It will make available all of the facilities of the airport developed with Federal financial assistance and all those usable for landing and takeoff of aircraft to the United States for use by Government aircraft in common with other aircraft at all times without charge, except, if the use by Government aircraft is substantial, charge may be made for a reasonable share, proportional to such use, for the cost of operating and maintaining the facilities used. Unless otherwise determined by the Secretary, or otherwise agreed to by the sponsor and the using agency, substantial use of an airport by Government aircraft will be considered to exist when operations of such aircraft are in excess of those which, in the opinion of the Secretary, would unduly interfere with use of the landing areas by other authorized aircraft, or during any calendar month that: a. Five (5) or more Government aircraft are regularly based at the airport or on land adjacent thereto; or b. The total number of movements (counting each landing as a movement) of Government aircraft is 300 or more, or the gross accumulative weight of Government aircraft using the airport (the total movement of Government aircraft multiplied by gross weights of such aircraft) is in excess of five million pounds. 28. Land for Federal Facilities. It will furnish without cost to the Federal Government for use in connection with any air traffic control or air navigation activities, or weather-reporting and communication activities related to air traffic control, any areas of land or water, or estate therein as the Secretary considers necessary or desirable for construction, operation, and maintenance at Federal expense of space or facilities for such purposes. Such areas or any portion thereof will be made available as provided herein within four months after receipt of a written request from the Secretary. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 14 of 19 29. Airport Layout Plan. a. The airport owner or operator will maintain a current airport layout plan of the airport showing: 1. boundaries of the airport and all proposed additions thereto, together with the boundaries of all offsite areas owned or controlled by the sponsor for airport purposes and proposed additions thereto; 2. the location and nature of all existing and proposed airport facilities and structures (such as runways, taxiways, aprons, terminal buildings, hangars and roads), including all proposed extensions and reductions of existing airport facilities; 3. the location of all existing and proposed non-aviation areas and of all existing improvements thereon; and 4. all proposed and existing access points used to taxi aircraft across the airport’s property boundary. b. Subject to subsection 49 U.S.C. § 47107(x), the Secretary will review and approve or disapprove the plan and any revision or modification of the plan before the plan, revision, or modification takes effect. c. The owner or operator will not make or allow any alteration in the airport or any of its facilities unless the alteration— 1. is outside the scope of the Secretary’s review and approval authority as set forth in subsection (x); or 2. complies with the portions of the plan approved by the Secretary. d. When the airport owner or operator makes a change or alteration in the airport or the facilities which the Secretary determines adversely affects the safety, utility, or efficiency of any federally owned, leased, or funded property on or off the airport and which is not in conformity with the airport layout plan as approved by the Secretary, the owner or operator will, if requested, by the Secretary: 1. eliminate such adverse effect in a manner approved by the Secretary; or 2. bear all costs of relocating such property or its replacement to a site acceptable to the Secretary and of restoring the property or its replacement to the level of safety, utility, efficiency, and cost of operation that existed before the alteration was made, except in the case of a relocation or replacement of an existing airport facility due to a change in the Secretary’s design standards beyond the control of the airport sponsor. 30. Civil Rights. It will promptly take any measures necessary to ensure that no person in the United States shall, on the grounds of race, color, and national origin (including limited English proficiency) in accordance with the provisions of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. §§ 2000d to 2000d-4); creed and sex per 49 U.S.C. § 47123 and related requirements; age per the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 and related requirements; or disability per the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and related requirements, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be otherwise subjected to discrimination in any program and activity conducted with, or benefiting from, funds received from this Grant. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 15 of 19 a. Using the definitions of activity, facility, and program as found and defined in 49 CFR §§ 21.23(b) and 21.23(e), the sponsor will facilitate all programs, operate all facilities, or conduct all programs in compliance with all non-discrimination requirements imposed by or pursuant to these assurances. b. Applicability 1. Programs and Activities. If the sponsor has received a grant (or other federal assistance) for any of the sponsor’s program or activities, these requirements extend to all of the sponsor’s programs and activities. 2. Facilities. Where it receives a grant or other federal financial assistance to construct, expand, renovate, remodel, alter, or acquire a facility, or part of a facility, the assurance extends to the entire facility and facilities operated in connection therewith. 3. Real Property. Where the sponsor receives a grant or other Federal financial assistance in the form of, or for the acquisition of real property or an interest in real property, the assurance will extend to rights to space on, over, or under such property. c. Duration. The sponsor agrees that it is obligated to this assurance for the period during which Federal financial assistance is extended to the program, except where the Federal financial assistance is to provide, or is in the form of, personal property, or real property, or interest therein, or structures or improvements thereon, in which case the assurance obligates the sponsor, or any transferee for the longer of the following periods: 1. So long as the airport is used as an airport, or for another purpose involving the provision of similar services or benefits; or 2. So long as the sponsor retains ownership or possession of the property. d. Required Solicitation Language. It will include the following notification in all solicitations for bids, Requests For Proposals for work, or material under this Grant Agreement and in all proposals for agreements, including airport concessions, regardless of funding source: “The (City of Renton), in accordance with the provisions of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ( 42 U.S.C. §§ 2000d to 2000d-4) and the Regulations, hereby notifies all bidders or offerors that it will affirmatively ensure that for any contract entered into pursuant to this advertisement, all businesses will be afforded full and fair opportunity to submit bids in response to this invitation and no businesses will be discriminated against on the grounds of race, color, national origin (including limited English proficiency), creed, sex , age, or disability in consideration for an award.” e. Required Contract Provisions. 1. It will insert the non-discrimination contract clauses requiring compliance with the acts and regulations relative to non-discrimination in Federally-assisted programs of the Department of Transportation (DOT), and incorporating the acts and regulations into the contracts by reference in every contract or agreement subject to the non-discrimination in Federally-assisted programs of the DOT acts and regulations. 2. It will include a list of the pertinent non-discrimination authorities in every contract that is subject to the non-discrimination acts and regulations. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 16 of 19 3. It will insert non-discrimination contract clauses as a covenant running with the land, in any deed from the United States effecting or recording a transfer of real property, structures, use, or improvements thereon or interest therein to a sponsor. 4. It will insert non-discrimination contract clauses prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin (including limited English proficiency), creed, sex, age, or disability as a covenant running with the land, in any future deeds, leases, license, permits, or similar instruments entered into by the sponsor with other parties: a. For the subsequent transfer of real property acquired or improved under the applicable activity, project, or program; and b. For the construction or use of, or access to, space on, over, or under real property acquired or improved under the applicable activity, project, or program. f. It will provide for such methods of administration for the program as are found by the Secretary to give reasonable guarantee that it, other recipients, sub-recipients, sub-grantees, contractors, subcontractors, consultants, transferees, successors in interest, and other participants of Federal financial assistance under such program will comply with all requirements imposed or pursuant to the acts, the regulations, and this assurance. g. It agrees that the United States has a right to seek judicial enforcement with regard to any matter arising under the acts, the regulations, and this assurance. 31. Disposal of Land. a. For land purchased under a grant for airport noise compatibility purposes, including land serving as a noise buffer, it will dispose of the land, when the land is no longer needed for such purposes, at fair market value, at the earliest practicable time. That portion of the proceeds of such disposition which is proportionate to the United States' share of acquisition of such land will be, at the discretion of the Secretary, (1) reinvested in another project at the airport, or (2) transferred to another eligible airport as prescribed by the Secretary. The Secretary shall give preference to the following, in descending order: 1. Reinvestment in an approved noise compatibility project; 2. Reinvestment in an approved project that is eligible for grant funding under 49 U.S.C. § 47117(e); 3. Reinvestment in an approved airport development project that is eligible for grant funding under 49 U.S.C. §§ 47114, 47115, or 47117; 4. Transfer to an eligible sponsor of another public airport to be reinvested in an approved noise compatibility project at that airport; or 5. Payment to the Secretary for deposit in the Airport and Airway Trust Fund. If land acquired under a grant for noise compatibility purposes is leased at fair market value and consistent with noise buffering purposes, the lease will not be considered a disposal of the land. Revenues derived from such a lease may be used for an approved airport development project that would otherwise be eligible for grant funding or any permitted use of airport revenue. b. For land purchased under a grant for airport development purposes (other than noise compatibility), it will, when the land is no longer needed for airport purposes, dispose of such land at fair market value or make available to the Secretary an amount equal to the United AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 17 of 19 States' proportionate share of the fair market value of the land. That portion of the proceeds of such disposition which is proportionate to the United States' share of the cost of acquisition of such land will, upon application to the Secretary, be reinvested or transferred to another eligible airport as prescribed by the Secretary. The Secretary shall give preference to the following, in descending order: 1. Reinvestment in an approved noise compatibility project; 2. Reinvestment in an approved project that is eligible for grant funding under 49 U.S.C. § 47117(e); 3. Reinvestment in an approved airport development project that is eligible for grant funding under 49 U.S.C. §§ 47114, 47115, or 47117; 4. Transfer to an eligible sponsor of another public airport to be reinvested in an approved noise compatibility project at that airport; or 5. Payment to the Secretary for deposit in the Airport and Airway Trust Fund. c. Land shall be considered to be needed for airport purposes under this assurance if (1) it may be needed for aeronautical purposes (including runway protection zones) or serve as noise buffer land, and (2) the revenue from interim uses of such land contributes to the financial self- sufficiency of the airport. Further, land purchased with a grant received by an airport operator or owner before December 31, 1987, will be considered to be needed for airport purposes if the Secretary or Federal agency making such grant before December 31, 1987, was notified by the operator or owner of the uses of such land, did not object to such use, and the land continues to be used for that purpose, such use having commenced no later than December 15, 1989. d. Disposition of such land under (a), (b), or (c) will be subject to the retention or reservation of any interest or right therein necessary to ensure that such land will only be used for purposes which are compatible with noise levels associated with operation of the airport. 32. Engineering and Design Services. If any phase of such project has received Federal funds under Chapter 471 subchapter 1 of Title 49 U.S.C., it will award each contract, or sub-contract for program management, construction management, planning studies, feasibility studies, architectural services, preliminary engineering, design, engineering, surveying, mapping or related services in the same manner as a contract for architectural and engineering services is negotiated under Chapter 11 of Title 40 U S.C., or an equivalent qualifications-based requirement prescribed for or by the sponsor of the airport. 33. Foreign Market Restrictions. It will not allow funds provided under this Grant to be used to fund any project which uses any product or service of a foreign country during the period in which such foreign country is listed by the United States Trade Representative as denying fair and equitable market opportunities for products and suppliers of the United States in procurement and construction. 34. Policies, Standards, and Specifications. It will carry out any project funded under an Airport Improvement Program Grant in accordance with policies, standards, and specifications approved by the Secretary including, but not limited to, current FAA Advisory Circulars (https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/aip-pfc-checklist_0.pdf) for AIP projects as of May 27, 2025. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 18 of 19 35. Relocation and Real Property Acquisition. a. It will be guided in acquiring real property, to the greatest extent practicable under State law, by the land acquisition policies in Subpart B of 49 CFR Part 24 and will pay or reimburse property owners for necessary expenses as specified in Subpart B. b. It will provide a relocation assistance program offering the services described in Subpart C of 49 CFR Part 24 and fair and reasonable relocation payments and assistance to displaced persons as required in Subpart D and E of 49 CFR Part 24. c. It will make available within a reasonable period of time prior to displacement, comparable replacement dwellings to displaced persons in accordance with Subpart E of 49 CFR Part 24. 36. Access By Intercity Buses. The airport owner or operator will permit, to the maximum extent practicable, intercity buses or other modes of transportation to have access to the airport; however, it has no obligation to fund special facilities for intercity buses or for other modes of transportation. 37. Disadvantaged Business Enterprises. The sponsor shall not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, or sex, in the award and performance of any DOT-assisted contract covered by 49 CFR Part 26, or in the award and performance of any concession activity contract covered by 49 CFR Part 23. In addition, the sponsor shall not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin or sex in the administration of its Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) and Airport Concessions Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (ACDBE) programs or the requirements of 49 CFR Parts 23 and 26. The sponsor shall take all necessary and reasonable steps under 49 CFR Parts 23 and 26 to ensure nondiscrimination in the award and administration of DOT-assisted contracts, and/or concession contracts. The sponsor’s DBE and ACDBE programs, as required by 49 CFR Parts 26 and 23, and as approved by DOT, are incorporated by reference in this agreement. Implementation of these programs is a legal obligation and failure to carry out its terms shall be treated as a violation of this agreement. Upon notification to the sponsor of its failure to carry out its approved program, the Department may impose sanctions as provided for under Parts 26 and 23 and may, in appropriate cases, refer the matter for enforcement under 18 U.S.C. § 1001 and/or the Program Fraud Civil Remedies Act of 1986 (31 U.S.C. §§ 3801-3809, 3812). 38. Hangar Construction. If the airport owner or operator and a person who owns an aircraft agree that a hangar is to be constructed at the airport for the aircraft at the aircraft owner’s expense, the airport owner or operator will grant to the aircraft owner for the hangar a long term lease that is subject to such terms and conditions on the hangar as the airport owner or operator may impose. 39. Competitive Access. a. If the airport owner or operator of a medium or large hub airport (as defined in 49 U.S.C. § 47102) has been unable to accommodate one or more requests by an air carrier for access to gates or other facilities at that airport in order to allow the air carrier to provide service to the airport or to expand service at the airport, the airport owner or operator shall transmit a report to the Secretary that: 1. Describes the requests; 2. Provides an explanation as to why the requests could not be accommodated; and AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 19 of 19 3. Provides a time frame within which, if any, the airport will be able to accommodate the requests. b. Such report shall be due on either February 1 or August 1 of each year if the airport has been unable to accommodate the request(s) in the six month period prior to the applicable due date. 40. Access to Leaded Aviation Gasoline a. If 100-octane low lead aviation gasoline (100LL) was made available at an airport, at any time during calendar year 2022, an airport owner or operator may not restrict or prohibit the sale of, or self-fueling with, 100-octane low lead aviation gasoline. b. This requirement remains until the earlier of December 31, 2030, or the date on which the airport or any retail fuel seller at the airport makes available an unleaded aviation gasoline that has been authorized for use by the FAA as a replacement for 100-octane low lead aviation gasoline for use in nearly all piston-engine aircraft and engine models; and meets either an industry consensus standard or other standard that facilitates the safe use, production, and distribution of such unleaded aviation gasoline, as determined appropriate by the FAA. c. An airport owner or operator understands and agrees, that any violation of this grant assurance is subject to civil penalties as provided for in 49 U.S.C. § 46301(a)(8). AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-034-2025 Non-Airport Sponsors Undertaking Noise Compatibility Program Projects Assurances Page 1 of 11 AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 1 U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Airports Division Northwest Mountain Region Oregon, Washington Seattle Airports District Office: 2200 S 216th St Des Moines, WA 98198 {{DateTime_es_:signer1:calc(now()):format(date," mmmm d, yyyy")}} The Honorable Armondo Pavone Mayor of City of Renton Renton Municipal Airport 616 W Perimeter Rd, Unit A Renton, WA 98057 Dear Mayor Pavone: The Grant Offer for Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) Airport Infrastructure Grant (AIG) Project No. 3-53-0055-035-2025 at Renton Municipal Airport is attached for execution. This letter outlines the steps you must take to properly enter into this agreement and provides other useful information. Please read the conditions, special conditions, and assurances that comprise the grant offer carefully. You may not make any modification to the text, terms or conditions of the grant offer. Steps You Must Take to Enter Into Agreement. To properly enter into this agreement, you must do the following: 1. The governing body must give authority to execute the grant to the individual(s) signing the grant, i.e., the person signing the document must be the sponsor’s authorized representative(s) (hereinafter “authorized representative”). 2. The authorized representative must execute the grant by adding their electronic signature to the appropriate certificate at the end of the agreement. 3. Once the authorized representative has electronically signed the grant, the sponsor’s attorney(s) will automatically receive an email notification. 4. On the same day or after the authorized representative has signed the grant, the sponsor’s attorney(s) will add their electronic signature to the appropriate certificate at the end of the agreement. 5. If there are co-sponsors, the authorized representative(s) and sponsor’s attorney(s) must follow the above procedures to fully execute the grant and finalize the process. Signatures must be obtained and finalized no later than September 15, 2025. 6. The fully executed grant will then be automatically sent to all parties as an email attachment. Payment. Subject to the requirements in 2 CFR § 200.305 (Federal Payment), each payment request for reimbursement under this grant must be made electronically via the Delphi eInvoicing System. Please see the attached Grant Agreement for more information regarding the use of this System. Project Timing. The terms and conditions of this agreement require you to complete the project without undue delay and no later than the Period of Performance end date (1,460 days from the grant execution AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 2 date). We will be monitoring your progress to ensure proper stewardship of these Federal funds. We expect you to submit payment requests for reimbursement of allowable incurred project expenses consistent with project progress. Your grant may be placed in “inactive” status if you do not make draws on a regular basis, which will affect your ability to receive future grant offers. Costs incurred after the Period of Performance ends are generally not allowable and will be rejected unless authorized by the FAA in advance. Reporting. Until the grant is completed and closed, you are responsible for submitting formal reports as follows:  For all grants, you must submit by December 31st of each year this grant is open: 1. A signed/dated SF-270 (Request for Advance or Reimbursement for non-construction projects) or SF-271 or equivalent (Outlay Report and Request for Reimbursement for Construction Programs), and 2. An SF-425 (Federal Financial Report).  For non-construction projects, you must submit FAA Form 5100-140, Performance Report within 30 days of the end of the Federal fiscal year.  For construction projects, you must submit FAA Form 5370-1, Construction Progress and Inspection Report, within 30 days of the end of each Federal fiscal quarter. Audit Requirements. As a condition of receiving Federal assistance under this award, you must comply with audit requirements as established under 2 CFR Part 200. Subpart F requires non-Federal entities that expend $1,000,000 or more in Federal awards to conduct a single or program specific audit for that year. Note that this includes Federal expenditures made under other Federal-assistance programs. Please take appropriate and necessary action to ensure your organization will comply with applicable audit requirements and standards. Closeout. Once the project(s) is completed and all costs are determined, we ask that you work with your FAA contact indicated below to close the project without delay and submit the necessary final closeout documentation as required by your Region/Airports District Office. FAA Contact Information. Jenna Pang, (206) 231-4147, jenna.k.pang@faa.gov is the assigned program manager for this grant and is readily available to assist you and your designated representative with the requirements stated herein. We sincerely value your cooperation in these efforts and look forward to working with you to complete this important project. Sincerely, {{Sig_es_:signer1: signature}} Ryan C. Zulauf Acting Manager, Seattle Airports District Office AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 3 U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration FY 2025 AIRPORT INFRASTRUCTURE GRANT GRANT AGREEMENT Part I - Offer Federal Award Offer Date {{DateTime_es_:signer1:calc(now()):format(date," mmmm d, yyyy")}} Airport/Planning Area Renton Municipal Airport Airport Infrastructure Grant Number 3-53-0055-035-2025 (Contract Number: DOT-FA25NM-043) Unique Entity Identifier UG2PSBS6UJJ3 TO: City of Renton, Washington (herein called the "Sponsor") FROM: The United States of America (acting through the Federal Aviation Administration, herein called the "FAA") WHEREAS, the Sponsor has submitted to the FAA a Project Application dated May 27, 2025, for a grant of Federal funds for a project at or associated with the Renton Municipal Airport, which is included as part of this Grant Agreement; and WHEREAS, the FAA has approved a project for the Renton Municipal Airport (herein called the “Project”) consisting of the following: Rehabilitate Taxiway A including connector Taxiways A1 through A7 (7% of phase 2-construction); Reconstruct Taxiway A Lighting (7% of phase 2-construction), including signage and drainage; which is more fully described in the Project Application. NOW THEREFORE, Pursuant to and for the purpose of carrying out the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act(IIJA) (Public Law (P.L.) 117-58) of 2021; FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024 (P.L. 118-63); and the representations contained in the Project Application; and in consideration of (a) the Sponsor’s adoption and ratification of the attached Grant Assurances dated April 2025, interpreted and applied consistent AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 4 with the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024; (b) the Sponsor’s acceptance of this Offer; and (c) the benefits to accrue to the United States and the public from the accomplishment of the Project and compliance with the Grant Assurance and conditions as herein provided; THE FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, FOR AND ON BEHALF OF THE UNITED STATES, HEREBY OFFERS AND AGREES to pay (95) % of the allowable costs incurred accomplishing the Project as the United States share of the Project. Assistance Listings Number (Formerly CFDA Number): 20.106 This Offer is made on and SUBJECT TO THE FOLLOWING TERMS AND CONDITIONS: CONDITIONS 1. Maximum Obligation. The maximum obligation of the United States payable under this Offer is $1,163,000. The following amounts represent a breakdown of the maximum obligation for the purpose of establishing allowable amounts for any future grant amendment, which may increase the foregoing maximum obligation of the United States under the provisions of 49 U.S.C. § 47108(b): $0 for planning $1,163,000 for airport development; and, $0 for land acquisition. 2. Grant Performance. This Grant Agreement is subject to the following Federal award requirements: a. Period of Performance: 1. Shall start on the date the Sponsor formally accepts this Agreement and is the date signed by the last Sponsor signatory to the Agreement. The end date of the Period of Performance is 4 years (1,460 calendar days) from the date of acceptance. The Period of Performance end date shall not affect, relieve, or reduce Sponsor obligations and assurances that extend beyond the closeout of this Grant Agreement. 2. Means the total estimated time interval between the start of an initial Federal award and the planned end date, which may include one or more funded portions or budget periods (2 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) § 200.1) except as noted in 49 U.S.C § 47142(b). b. Budget Period: 1. For this Grant is 4 years (1,460 calendar days) and follows the same start and end date as the Period of Performance provided in paragraph 2(a)(1). Pursuant to 2 CFR § 200.403(h), the Sponsor may charge to the Grant only allowable costs incurred during the Budget Period and as stated in 49 U.S.C § 47142(b). Eligible project-related costs incurred on or after November 15, 2021 that comply with all Federal funding procurement requirements and FAA standards are allowable costs. 2. Means the time interval from the start date of a funded portion of an award to the end date of that funded portion during which Sponsors are authorized to expend the funds awarded, including any funds carried forward or other revisions pursuant to 2 CFR § 200.308. c. Close Out and Termination AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 5 Unless the FAA authorizes a written extension, the Sponsor must submit all Grant closeout documentation and liquidate (pay-off) all obligations incurred under this award no later than 120 calendar days after the end date of the Period of Performance. If the Sponsor does not submit all required closeout documentation within this time period, the FAA will proceed to close out the grant within one year of the Period of Performance end date with the information available at the end of 120 days (2 CFR § 200.344). The FAA may terminate this agreement and all of its obligations under this agreement if any of the following occurs: (a) (1) The Sponsor fails to obtain or provide any Sponsor grant contribution as required by the agreement; (2) A completion date for the Project or a component of the Project is listed in the agreement and the Recipient fails to meet that milestone by six months after the date listed in the agreement; (3) The Sponsor fails to comply with the terms and conditions of this agreement, including a material failure to comply with the Project Schedule even if it is beyond the reasonable control of the Sponsor; (4) Circumstances cause changes to the Project that the FAA determines are inconsistent with the FAA’s basis for selecting the Project to receive a grant; or (5) The FAA determines that termination of this agreement is in the public interest. (b) In terminating this agreement under this section, the FAA may elect to consider only the interests of the FAA. (c) The Sponsor may request that the FAA terminate the agreement under this section. 3. Ineligible or Unallowable Costs. In accordance with P.L. 117-58, Division J, Title VIII, and 49 U.S.C. § 47110, the Sponsor is prohibited from including any costs in the grant funded portions of the project that the FAA has determined to be ineligible or unallowable, including costs incurred to carry out airport development implementing policies and initiatives repealed by Executive Order 14148, provided such costs are not otherwise permitted by statute. 4. Indirect Costs - Sponsor. The Sponsor may charge indirect costs under this award by applying the indirect cost rate identified in the project application as accepted by the FAA, to allowable costs for Sponsor direct salaries and wages. 5. Determining the Final Federal Share of Costs. The United States’ share of allowable project costs will be made in accordance with 49 U.S.C. § 47109, the regulations, policies, and procedures of the Secretary of Transportation (“Secretary”), and any superseding legislation. Final determination of the United States’ share will be based upon the final audit of the total amount of allowable project costs and settlement will be made for any upward or downward adjustments to the Federal share of costs. 6. Completing the Project Without Delay and in Conformance with Requirements. The Sponsor must carry out and complete the project without undue delays and in accordance with this Agreement, IIJA (P.L. 117-58), and the regulations, policies, and procedures of the Secretary. Per 2 CFR AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 6 § 200.308, the Sponsor agrees to report and request prior FAA approval for any disengagement from performing the project that exceeds three months or a 25 percent reduction in time devoted to the project. The report must include a reason for the project stoppage. The Sponsor also agrees to comply with the grant assurances, which are part of this Agreement. 7. Amendments or Withdrawals before Grant Acceptance. The FAA reserves the right to amend or withdraw this offer at any time prior to its acceptance by the Sponsor. 8. Offer Expiration Date. This offer will expire and the United States will not be obligated to pay any part of the costs of the project unless this offer has been accepted by the Sponsor on or before September 15, 2025, or such subsequent date as may be prescribed in writing by the FAA. 9. Improper Use of Federal Funds and Mandatory Disclosure. a. The Sponsor must take all steps, including litigation if necessary, to recover Federal funds spent fraudulently, wastefully, or in violation of Federal antitrust statutes, or misused in any other manner for any project upon which Federal funds have been expended. For the purposes of this Grant Agreement, the term “Federal funds” means funds however used or dispersed by the Sponsor, that were originally paid pursuant to this or any other Federal grant agreement. The Sponsor must obtain the approval of the Secretary as to any determination of the amount of the Federal share of such funds. The Sponsor must return the recovered Federal share, including funds recovered by settlement, order, or judgment, to the Secretary. The Sponsor must furnish to the Secretary, upon request, all documents and records pertaining to the determination of the amount of the Federal share or to any settlement, litigation, negotiation, or other efforts taken to recover such funds. All settlements or other final positions of the Sponsor, in court or otherwise, involving the recovery of such Federal share require advance approval by the Secretary. b. The Sponsor, a recipient, and a subrecipient under this Federal grant must promptly comply with the mandatory disclosure requirements as established under 2 CFR § 200.113, including reporting requirements related to recipient integrity and performance in accordance with Appendix XII to 2 CFR Part 200. 10. United States Not Liable for Damage or Injury. The United States is not responsible or liable for damage to property or injury to persons which may arise from, or be incident to, compliance with this Grant Agreement. 11. System for Award Management (SAM) Registration and Unique Entity Identifier (UEI). a. Requirement for System for Award Management (SAM): Unless the Sponsor is exempted from this requirement under 2 CFR § 25.110, the Sponsor must maintain the currency of its information in the SAM until the Sponsor submits the final financial report required under this Grant, or receives the final payment, whichever is later. This requires that the Sponsor review and update the information at least annually after the initial registration and more frequently if required by changes in information or another award term. Additional information about registration procedures may be found at the SAM website (currently at http://www.sam.gov). b. Unique entity identifier (UEI) means a 12-character alpha-numeric value used to identify a specific commercial, nonprofit or governmental entity. A UEI may be obtained from SAM.gov at https://sam.gov/content/entity-registration. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 7 12. Electronic Grant Payment(s). Unless otherwise directed by the FAA, the Sponsor must make each payment request under this Agreement electronically via the Delphi eInvoicing System for Department of Transportation (DOT) Financial Assistance Awardees. 13. Informal Letter Amendment of IIJA Projects. If, during the life of the project, the FAA determines that the maximum grant obligation of the United States exceeds the expected needs of the Sponsor by $25,000 or five percent (5%), whichever is greater, the FAA can issue a letter amendment to the Sponsor unilaterally reducing the maximum obligation. The FAA can, subject to the availability of Federal funds, also issue a letter to the Sponsor increasing the maximum obligation if there is an overrun in the total actual eligible and allowable project costs to cover the amount of the overrun provided it will not exceed the statutory limitations for grant amendments. The FAA’s authority to increase the maximum obligation does not apply to the “planning” component of Condition No. 1, Maximum Obligation. The FAA can also issue an informal letter amendment that modifies the grant description to correct administrative errors or to delete work items if the FAA finds it advantageous and in the best interests of the United States. An informal letter amendment has the same force and effect as a formal grant amendment. 14. Environmental Standards. The Sponsor is required to comply with all applicable environmental standards, as further defined in the Grant Assurances, for all projects in this grant. If the Sponsor fails to comply with this requirement, the FAA may suspend, cancel, or terminate this Grant Agreement. 15. Financial Reporting and Payment Requirements. The Sponsor will comply with all Federal financial reporting requirements and payment requirements, including submittal of timely and accurate reports. 16. Buy American. Unless otherwise approved in advance by the FAA, in accordance with 49 U.S.C. § 50101, the Sponsor will not acquire or permit any contractor or subcontractor to acquire any steel or manufactured goods produced outside the United States to be used for any project for which funds are provided under this Grant. The Sponsor will include a provision implementing Buy American in every contract and subcontract awarded under this Grant. 17. Build America, Buy American. The Sponsor must comply with the requirements under the Build America, Buy America Act (P.L. 117-58). 18. Maximum Obligation Increase. In accordance with 49 U.S.C. § 47108(b)(3), as amended, the maximum obligation of the United States, as stated in Condition No. 1, Maximum Obligation, of this Grant: a. May not be increased for a planning project; b. May be increased by not more than 15 percent for development projects, if funds are available; c. May be increased by not more than the greater of the following for a land project, if funds are available: 1. 15 percent; or 2. 25 percent of the total increase in allowable project costs attributable to acquiring an interest in the land. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 8 If the Sponsor requests an increase, any eligible increase in funding will be subject to the United States Government share as provided in IIJA (P.L. 117-58), or other superseding legislation if applicable, for the fiscal year appropriation with which the increase is funded. The FAA is not responsible for the same Federal share provided herein for any amount increased over the initial grant amount. The FAA may adjust the Federal share as applicable through an informal letter of amendment. 19. Audits for Sponsors. PUBLIC SPONSORS. The Sponsor must provide for a Single Audit or program-specific audit in accordance with 2 CFR Part 200. The Sponsor must submit the audit reporting package to the Federal Audit Clearinghouse on the Federal Audit Clearinghouse’s Internet Data Entry System at http://harvester.census.gov/facweb/. Upon request of the FAA, the Sponsor shall provide one copy of the completed audit to the FAA. Sponsors that expend less than $1,000,000 in Federal awards and are exempt from Federal audit requirements must make records available for review or audit by the appropriate Federal agency officials, State, and Government Accountability Office. The FAA and other appropriate Federal agencies may request additional information to meet all Federal audit requirements. 20. Suspension or Debarment. When entering into a “covered transaction” as defined by 2 CFR § 180.200, the Sponsor must: a. Verify the non-Federal entity is eligible to participate in this Federal program by: 1. Checking the System for Award Management (SAM.gov) exclusions to determine if the non- Federal entity is excluded or disqualified; or 2. Collecting a certification statement from the non-Federal entity attesting they are not excluded or disqualified from participating; or 3. Adding a clause or condition to covered transactions attesting the individual or firm are not excluded or disqualified from participating. b. Require prime contractors to comply with 2 CFR § 180.330 when entering into lower-tier transactions with their contractors and sub-contractors. c. Immediately disclose in writing to the FAA whenever (1) the Sponsor learns it has entered into a covered transaction with an ineligible entity or (2) the Public Sponsor suspends or debars a contractor, person, or entity. 21. Ban on Texting While Driving. a. In accordance with Executive Order 13513, Federal Leadership on Reducing Text Messaging While Driving, October 1, 2009, and DOT Order 3902.10, Text Messaging While Driving, December 30, 2009, the Sponsor is encouraged to: 1. Adopt and enforce workplace safety policies to decrease crashes caused by distracted drivers including policies to ban text messaging while driving when performing any work for, or on behalf of, the Federal government, including work relating to a grant or subgrant. 2. Conduct workplace safety initiatives in a manner commensurate with the size of the business, such as: i. Establishment of new rules and programs or re-evaluation of existing programs to prohibit text messaging while driving; and AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 9 ii. Education, awareness, and other outreach to employees about the safety risks associated with texting while driving. b. The Sponsor must insert the substance of this clause on banning texting while driving in all subgrants, contracts, and subcontracts funded with this Grant. 22. Trafficking in Persons. 1. Posting of contact information. a. The Sponsor must post the contact information of the national human trafficking hotline (including options to reach out to the hotline such as through phone, text, or TTY) in all public airport restrooms. 2. Provisions applicable to a recipient that is a private entity. a. Under this Grant, the recipient, its employees, subrecipients under this Grant, and subrecipients employees must not engage in: i. Severe forms of trafficking in persons; ii. The procurement of commercial sex act during the period of time that the grant or cooperative agreement is in effect; iii. The use of forced labor in the performance of this grant; or any subaward; or iv. Acts that directly support or advance trafficking in person, including the following acts; a) Destroying, concealing, removing, confiscating, or otherwise denying an employee access to that employee’s identity or immigration documents; b) Failing to provide return transportation of pay for return transportation costs to an employee from a country outside the United States to the country from which the employee was recruited upon the end of employment if requested by the employee, unless: 1. Exempted from the requirement to provide or pay for such return transportation by the federal department or agency providing or entering into the grant; or 2. The employee is a victim of human trafficking seeking victim services or legal redress in the country of employment or witness in a human trafficking enforcement action; c) Soliciting a person for the purpose of employment, or offering employment, by means of materially false or fraudulent pretenses, representations, or promises regarding that employment; d) Charging recruited employees a placement or recruitment fee; or e) Providing or arranging housing that fails to meet the host country’s housing and safety standards. b. The FAA, may unilaterally terminate this Grant, or take any remedial actions authorized by 22 U.S.C 7104b(c), without penalty, if any private entity under this Grant; i. Is determined to have violated a prohibition in paragraph (2)(a) of this Grant; AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 10 ii. Has an employee that is determined to have violated a prohibition in paragraph (2)(a) of this Grant through conduct that is either: a) Associated with performance under this Grant; or b) Imputed to the recipient or subrecipient using the standards and due process for imputing the conduct of an individual to an organization that are provided in 2 CFR Part 180, “OMB Guidelines to Agencies on Government-wide Debarment and Suspension (Nonprocurement),” as implemented by the FAA at 2 CFR Part 1200. 3. Provision applicable to a recipient other than a private entity. a. The FAA may unilaterally terminate this award or take any remedial actions authorized by 22 U.S.C 7104b(c), without penalty, if subrecipient than is a private entity under this award; i. Is determined to have violated a prohibition in paragraph (2)(a) of this Grant or ii. Has an employee that is determined to have violated a prohibition in paragraph (2)(a) of this Grant through conduct that is either: a) Associated with performance under this Grant; or b) Imputed to the subrecipient using the standards and due process for imputing the conduct of an individual to an organization that are provided in 2 CFR Part 180, “OMB Guidelines to Agencies on Governmentwide Debarment and Suspension (Nonprocurement),” as implemented by our agency at 2 CFR Part 1200. 4. Provisions applicable to any recipient. a. The recipient must inform the FAA and the DOT Inspector General, immediately of any information you receive from any source alleging a violation of a prohibition in paragraph (2)(a) of this Grant. b. The FAA’s right to unilaterally terminate this Grant as described in paragraph (2)(b) or (3)(a) of this Grant, implements the requirements of 22 U.S.C. chapter 78 and is addition to all other remedies for noncompliance that are available to the FAA under this Grant: c. The recipient must include the requirements of paragraph (2)(a) of this Grant award term in any subaward it makes to a private entity. d. If applicable, the recipient must also comply with the compliance plan and certification requirements in 2 CFR 175.105(b). 5. Definitions. For purposes of this Grant award, term: a. “Employee” means either: i. An individual employed by the recipient or a subrecipient who is engaged in the performance of the project or program under this Grant; or ii. Another person engaged in the performance of the project or program under this Grant and not compensated by the recipient including, but not limited to, a volunteer or individual whose services are contributed by a third party as an in-kind contribution toward cost sharing or requirements. b. “Private entity” means: AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 11 i. Any entity, including for profit organizations, nonprofit organizations, institutions of higher education, and hospitals. The term does not include foreign public entities, Indian Tribes, local governments, or states as defined in 2 CFR 200.1. ii. The terms “severe forms of trafficking in persons,” “commercial sex act,” “sex trafficking,” “Abuse or threatened abuse of law or legal process,” “coercion,” “debt bondage,” and “involuntary servitude” have the meaning given at section 103 of the TVPA, as amended (22 U.S.C. 7102). 23. IIJA Funded Work Included in a PFC Application. Within 120 days of acceptance of this Grant Agreement, the Sponsor must submit to the FAA an amendment to any approved Passenger Facility Charge (PFC) application that contains an approved PFC project also covered under this Grant Agreement as described in the project application. The airport sponsor may not make any expenditure under this Grant Agreement until project work addressed under this Grant Agreement is removed from an approved PFC application by amendment. 24. Exhibit “A” Property Map. The Exhibit “A” Property Map dated June 1, 2022, is incorporated herein by reference or is submitted with the project application and made part of this Grant Agreement. 25. Employee Protection from Reprisal. In accordance with 2 CFR § 200.217 and 41 U.S.C. § 4701, an employee of a grantee, subgrantee contractor, recipient or subrecipient must not be discharged, demoted, or otherwise discriminated against as a reprisal for disclosing to a person or body described in paragraph (a)(2) of 41 U.S.C. 4712 information that the employee reasonably believes is evidence of gross mismanagement of a Federal contract or grant, a gross waste of Federal funds, an abuse of authority relating to a Federal contract or grant, a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety, or a violation of law, rule, or regulation related to a Federal contract (including the competition for or negotiation of a contract) or grant. The grantee, subgrantee, contractor, recipient, or subrecipient must inform their employees in writing of employee whistleblower rights and protections under 41 U.S.C. § 4712. See statutory requirements for whistleblower protections at 10 U.S.C. § 4701, 41 U.S.C. § 4712, 41 U.S.C. § 4304, and 10 U.S.C. § 4310. 26. Prohibited Telecommunications and Video Surveillance Services and Equipment. The Sponsor agrees to comply with mandatory standards and policies relating to use and procurement of certain telecommunications and video surveillance services or equipment in compliance with the National Defense Authorization Act [P.L. 115-232 § 889(f)] and 2 CFR § 200.216. 27. Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience. The Sponsor acknowledges that it has considered and addressed physical and cybersecurity and resilience in its project planning, design, and oversight, as determined by the DOT and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). For airports that do not have specific DOT or DHS cybersecurity requirements, the FAA encourages the voluntary adoption of the cybersecurity requirements from the Transportation Security Administration and Federal Security Director identified for security risk Category X airports. 28. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act. As a condition of a grant award, the Sponsor shall demonstrate that it complies with the provisions of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. §§ 2000d et seq) and implementing regulations (49 CFR part 21), the Airport and Airway Improvement Act of 1982 (49 U.S.C. § 47123), the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 (42 U.S.C. 6101 et seq.), Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. § 794 et seq.), the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. § 12101, et seq.), U.S. Department of Transportation and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Assurances, and other relevant civil rights statutes, regulations, or authorities, including any amendments or updates thereto. This may include, as applicable, providing a current Title VI AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 12 Program Plan to the FAA for approval, in the format and according to the timeline required by the FAA, and other information about the communities that will be benefited and impacted by the project. A completed FAA Title VI Pre-Grant Award Checklist is required for every grant application, unless excused by the FAA. The Sponsor shall affirmatively ensure that when carrying out any project supported by this grant that it complies with all federal nondiscrimination and civil rights laws based on race, color, national origin, sex, creed, age, disability, genetic information, in consideration for federal financial assistance. The Department’s and FAA’s Office of Civil Rights may provide resources and technical assistance to recipients to ensure full and sustainable compliance with Federal civil rights requirements. Failure to comply with civil rights requirements will be considered a violation of the agreement or contract and be subject to any enforcement action as authorized by law. 29. FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024. This grant agreement is subject to the terms and conditions contained herein including the terms known as the Grant Assurances as they were published in the Federal Register April 2025. On May 16, 2024, the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024 made certain amendments to 49 U.S.C. chapter 471. The Reauthorization Act will require the FAA to make certain amendments to the assurances in order to best achieve consistency with the statute. Federal law requires that the FAA publish any amendments to the assurances in the Federal Register along with an opportunity to comment. In order not to delay the offer of this grant, the existing assurances are attached herein; however, the FAA shall interpret and apply these assurances consistent with the Reauthorization Act. To the extent there is a conflict between the assurances and Federal statutes, the statutes shall apply. The full text of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024 is at https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3935/text 30. Applicable Federal Anti-Discrimination Laws. Pursuant to Section (3)(b)(iv), Executive Order 14173, Ending Illegal Discrimination and Restoring Merit-Based Opportunity, the sponsor: a. Agrees that its compliance in all respects with all applicable Federal anti-discrimination laws is material to the government’s payment decisions for purposes of 31 U.S.C. 3729(b)(4); and b. certifies that it does not operate any programs promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives that violate any applicable Federal anti-discrimination laws. 31. Federal Law and Public Policy Requirements. The Sponsor shall ensure that Federal funding is expended in full accordance with the United States Constitution, Federal law, and statutory and public policy requirements: including but not limited to, those protecting free speech, religious liberty, public welfare, the environment, and prohibiting discrimination; and the Sponsor will cooperate with Federal officials in the enforcement of Federal law, including cooperating with and not impeding U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and other Federal offices and components of the Department of Homeland Security in and the enforcement of Federal immigration law. 32. National Airspace System Requirements a. The Sponsor shall cooperate with FAA activities installing, maintaining, replacing, improving, or operating equipment and facilities in or supporting the National Airspace System, including waiving permitting requirements and other restrictions affecting those activities to the maximum extent possible, and assisting the FAA in securing waivers of permitting or other AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 13 restrictions from other authorities. The Sponsor shall not take actions that frustrate or prevent the FAA from installing, maintaining, replacing, improving, or operating equipment and facilities in or supporting the National Airspace System. b. If the FAA determines that the Sponsor has violated subsection (a), the FAA may impose a remedy, including: (1) additional conditions on the award; (2) consistent with 49 U.S.C chapter 471, any remedy permitted under 2 C.F.R. 200.339– 200.340, including withholding of payments; disallowance of previously reimbursed costs, requiring refunds from the Recipient to the USDOT; suspension or termination of the award; or suspension and debarment under 2 CFR part 180; or (3) any other remedy legally available. c. In imposing a remedy under this condition, the FAA may elect to consider the interests of only the FAA. d. The Sponsor acknowledges that amounts that the FAA requires the Sponsor to refund to the FAA due to a remedy under this condition constitute a debt to the Federal Government that the FAA may collect under 2 CFR 200.346 and the Federal Claims Collection Standards (31 CFR parts 900–904). 33. Signage Costs for Construction Projects. The airport grant recipient hereby agrees that it will require the prime contractor of a Federally- assisted airport improvement project to post signs consistent with a DOT/FAA-prescribed format, as may be requested by the DOT/FAA, and further agrees to remove any signs posted in response to requests received prior to February 1, 2025. 34. Title 8 - U.S.C., Chapter 12, Subchapter II - Immigration. The sponsor will follow applicable federal laws pertaining to Subchapter 12, and be subject to the penalties set forth in 8 U.S.C. § 1324, Bringing in and harboring certain aliens, and 8 U.S.C. § 1327, Aiding or assisting certain aliens to enter. SPECIAL CONDITIONS 35. Duffy Plaintiff Special Term. Pursuant to the court’s preliminary injunction order in State of California v. Duffy, 1:25-cv-00208-JJM-PAS (D.R.I.) (June 19, 2025), DOT will not impose or enforce the challenged immigration enforcement condition* or any materially similar terms and conditions, to any grant funds awarded, directly or indirectly, to Plaintiff States or local government entities within those States (collectively referred to as “Plaintiff State Entities”), or otherwise rescind, withhold, terminate, or take other adverse action, absent specific statutory authority, based on the challenged immigration enforcement condition while DOT is subject to an injunction. DOT will not require Plaintiff State Entities to make any certification or other representation related to compliance with the challenged immigration enforcement condition nor will DOT construe acceptance of funding from DOT as certification as to the challenged immigration enforcement condition. *The challenged immigration enforcement condition: “[T]he Recipient will cooperate with Federal officials in the enforcement of Federal law, including cooperating with and not impeding U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and other AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 14 Federal offices and components of the Department of Homeland Security in the enforcement of Federal immigration law.” 36. Lighting. The Sponsor must operate and maintain the lighting system during the useful life of the system in accordance with applicable FAA standards. 37. Project Containing Paving Work in Excess of $500,000. The Sponsor agrees to: a. Furnish a construction management program to the FAA prior to the start of construction which details the measures and procedures to be used to comply with the quality control provisions of the construction contract, including, but not limited to, all quality control provisions and tests required by the Federal specifications. The program must include as a minimum: 1. The name of the person representing the Sponsor who has overall responsibility for contract administration for the project and the authority to take necessary actions to comply with the contract; 2. Names of testing laboratories and consulting engineer firms with quality control responsibilities on the project, together with a description of the services to be provided; 3. Procedures for determining that the testing laboratories meet the requirements of the ASTM International standards on laboratory evaluation referenced in the contract specifications (i.e., ASTM D 3666, ASTM C 1077); 4. Qualifications of engineering supervision and construction inspection personnel; 5. A listing of all tests required by the contract specifications, including the type and frequency of tests to be taken, the method of sampling, the applicable test standard, and the acceptance criteria or tolerances permitted for each type of test; and 6. Procedures for ensuring that the tests are taken in accordance with the program, that they are documented daily, and that the proper corrective actions, where necessary, are undertaken. b. Submit at completion of the project, a final test and quality assurance report documenting the summary results of all tests performed and highlighting those tests that indicated failure or that did not meet the applicable test standard. The report must include the pay reductions applied and the reasons for accepting any out-of-tolerance material. Submit interim test and quality assurance reports when requested by the FAA. c. Failure to provide a complete report as described above, or failure to perform such tests, will, absent any compelling justification, result in a reduction in Federal participation for costs incurred in connection with construction of the applicable pavement. Such reduction will be at the discretion of the FAA and will be based on the type or types of required tests not performed or not documented and will be commensurate with the proportion of applicable pavement with respect to the total pavement constructed under the Grant Agreement. d. The FAA, at its discretion, reserves the right to conduct independent tests and to reduce grant payments accordingly if such independent tests determine that Sponsor test results are inaccurate. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 15 38. Buy American Executive Orders. The Sponsor agrees to abide by applicable Executive Orders in effect at the time this Grant Agreement is executed, including Executive Order 14005, Ensuring the Future Is Made in All of America by All of America’s Workers. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 16 The Sponsor’s acceptance of this Offer and ratification and adoption of the Project Application incorporated herein shall be evidenced by execution of this instrument by the Sponsor, as hereinafter provided, and this Offer and Acceptance shall comprise a Grant Agreement, constituting the contractual obligations and rights of the United States and the Sponsor with respect to the accomplishment of the Project and compliance with the Grant Assurances, terms, and conditions as provided herein. Such Grant Agreement shall become effective upon the Sponsor’s acceptance of this Offer. Please read the following information: By signing this document, you are agreeing that you have reviewed the following consumer disclosure information and consent to transact business using electronic communications, to receive notices and disclosures electronically, and to utilize electronic signatures in lieu of using paper documents. You are not required to receive notices and disclosures or sign documents electronically. If you prefer not to do so, you may request to receive paper copies and withdraw your consent at any time. I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.1 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION {{Sig_es_:signer1:signature:dimension(height=12mm, width=70mm}} (Signature) {{N_es_:signer1:fullname }} Ryan C. Zulauf {{N_es_:signer1:title }} Acting Manager, Seattle Airports District Office 1 Knowingly and willfully providing false information to the Federal government is a violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1001 (False Statements) and could subject you to fines, imprisonment, or both. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 17 Part II - Acceptance The Sponsor does hereby ratify and adopt all assurances, statements, representations, warranties, covenants, and agreements contained in the Project Application and incorporated materials referred to in the foregoing Offer and does hereby accept this Offer and by such acceptance agrees to comply with all of the Grant Assurances, terms, and conditions in this Offer and in the Project Application. Please read the following information: By signing this document, you are agreeing that you have reviewed the following consumer disclosure information and consent to transact business using electronic communications, to receive notices and disclosures electronically, and to utilize electronic signatures in lieu of using paper documents. You are not required to receive notices and disclosures or sign documents electronically. If you prefer not to do so, you may request to receive paper copies and withdraw your consent at any time. I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.2 Dated {{DateTime_es_:signer2:calc(now()):format(date," mmmm d, yyyy")}} City of Renton (Name of Sponsor) {{Sig_es_:signer2:signature:dimension(height=12mm, width=70mm}} (Signature of Sponsor’s Authorized Official) By: {{N_es_:signer2:fullname }} (Typed Name of Sponsor’s Authorized Official) Title: {{*Ttl_es_:signer2:title }} (Title of Sponsor’s Authorized Official) 2 Knowingly and willfully providing false information to the Federal government is a violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1001 (False Statements) and could subject you to fines, imprisonment, or both. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 18 CERTIFICATE OF SPONSOR’S ATTORNEY I, {{N_es_:signer3: fullname}}, acting as Attorney for the Sponsor do hereby certify: That in my opinion the Sponsor is empowered to enter into the foregoing Grant Agreement under the laws of the State of Washington. Further, I have examined the foregoing Grant Agreement and the actions taken by said Sponsor and Sponsor’s official representative, who has been duly authorized to execute this Grant Agreement, which is in all respects due and proper and in accordance with the laws of the said State; the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) (P.L. 117-58) of 2021; FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024 (P.L. 118-63); and the representations contained in the Project Application. In addition, for grants involving projects to be carried out on property not owned by the Sponsor, there are no legal impediments that will prevent full performance by the Sponsor. Further, it is my opinion that the said Grant Agreement constitutes a legal and binding obligation of the Sponsor in accordance with the terms thereof. Please read the following information: By signing this document, you are agreeing that you have reviewed the following consumer disclosure information and consent to transact business using electronic communications, to receive notices and disclosures electronically, and to utilize electronic signatures in lieu of using paper documents. You are not required to receive notices and disclosures or sign documents electronically. If you prefer not to do so, you may request to receive paper copies and withdraw your consent at any time. I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.3 Dated at {{DateTime_es_:signer3:calc(now()):format(date," mmmm d, yyyy")}} By: {{Sig_es_:signer3:signature:dimension(height=12mm, width=70mm}} (Signature of Sponsor’s Attorney) 3 Knowingly and willfully providing false information to the Federal government is a violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1001 (False Statements) and could subject you to fines, imprisonment, or both. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 1 of 19 ASSURANCES AIRPORT SPONSORS A. General. 1. These assurances shall be complied with in the performance of grant agreements for airport development, airport planning, and noise compatibility program grants for airport sponsors. 2. These assurances are required to be submitted as part of the project application by sponsors requesting funds under the provisions of Title 49, U.S.C., subtitle VII, as amended. As used herein, the term "public agency sponsor" means a public agency with control of a public-use airport; the term "private sponsor" means a private owner of a public-use airport; and the term "sponsor" includes both public agency sponsors and private sponsors. 3. Upon acceptance of this grant offer by the sponsor, these assurances are incorporated in and become part of this Grant Agreement. B. Duration and Applicability. 1. Airport Development or Noise Compatibility Program Projects Undertaken by a Public Agency Sponsor. The terms, conditions, and assurances of this Grant Agreement shall remain in full force and effect throughout the useful life of the facilities developed or equipment acquired for an airport development or noise compatibility program project, or throughout the useful life of the project items installed within a facility under a noise compatibility program project, but in any event not to exceed twenty (20) years from the date of acceptance of a grant offer of Federal funds for the project. However, there shall be no limit on the duration of the assurances regarding Exclusive Rights and Airport Revenue so long as the airport is used as an airport. There shall be no limit on the duration of the terms, conditions, and assurances with respect to real property acquired with federal funds. Furthermore, the duration of the Civil Rights assurance shall be specified in the assurances. 2. Airport Development or Noise Compatibility Projects Undertaken by a Private Sponsor. The preceding paragraph (1) also applies to a private sponsor except that the useful life of project items installed within a facility or the useful life of the facilities developed or equipment acquired under an airport development or noise compatibility program project shall be no less than ten (10) years from the date of acceptance of Federal aid for the project. 3. Airport Planning Undertaken by a Sponsor. Unless otherwise specified in this Grant Agreement, only Assurances 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 13, 18, 23, 25, 30, 32, 33, 34, 37, and 40 in Section C apply to planning projects. The terms, conditions, and assurances of this Grant Agreement shall remain in full force and effect during the life of the project; there shall be no limit on the duration of the assurances regarding Exclusive Rights and Airport Revenue so long as the airport is used as an airport. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 2 of 19 C. Sponsor Certification. The sponsor hereby assures and certifies, with respect to this grant that: 1. General Federal Requirements The Sponsor will comply with all applicable Federal laws, regulations, executive orders, policies, guidelines, and requirements as they relate to the application, acceptance, and use of Federal funds for this Grant. Performance under this agreement shall be governed by and in compliance with the following requirements, as applicable, to the type of organization of the Sponsor and any applicable sub-recipients. The applicable provisions to this agreement include, but are not limited to, the following: FEDERAL LEGISLATION a. 49 U.S.C. subtitle VII, as amended. b. Davis-Bacon Act, as amended — 40 U.S.C. §§ 3141-3144, 3146, and 3147, et seq.1 c. Federal Fair Labor Standards Act – 29 U.S.C. § 201, et seq. d. Hatch Act – 5 U.S.C. § 1501, et seq.2 e. Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970, 42 U.S.C. 4601, et seq.1, 2 f. National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 – Section 106 – 54 U.S.C. § 306108.1 g. Archeological and Historic Preservation Act of 1974 – 54 U.S.C. § 312501, et seq.1 h. Native Americans Grave Repatriation Act – 25 U.S.C. § 3001, et seq. i. Clean Air Act, P.L. 90-148, as amended – 42 U.S.C. § 7401, et seq. j. Coastal Zone Management Act, P.L. 92-583, as amended – 16 U.S.C. § 1451, et seq. k. Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973 – Section 102(a) - 42 U.S.C. § 4012a.1 l. 49 U.S.C. § 303, (formerly known as Section 4(f)). m. Rehabilitation Act of 1973 – 29 U.S.C. § 794. n. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. § 2000d et seq.) (prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin). o. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended, (42 U.S.C. § 12101 et seq.) (prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability). p. Age Discrimination Act of 1975 – 42 U.S.C. § 6101, et seq. q. American Indian Religious Freedom Act, P.L. 95-341, as amended. r. Architectural Barriers Act of 1968, as amended – 42 U.S.C. § 4151, et seq.1 s. Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978 – Section 403 – 42 U.S.C. § 8373.1 t. Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act – 40 U.S.C. § 3701, et seq.1 u. Copeland Anti-kickback Act – 18 U.S.C. § 874.1 v. National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 – 42 U.S.C. § 4321, et seq.1 AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 3 of 19 w. Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, P.L. 90-542, as amended – 16 U.S.C. § 1271, et seq. x. Single Audit Act of 1984 – 31 U.S.C. § 7501, et seq.2 y. Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 – 41 U.S.C. §§ 8101 through 8105. z. The Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006, as amended (P.L. 109-282, as amended by section 6202 of P.L. 110-252). aa. Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987, P.L. 100-259. bb. Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, P.L. 117-58, Title VIII. cc. Build America, Buy America Act, P.L. 117-58, Title IX. dd. Endangered Species Act – 16 U.S.C. 1531, et seq. ee. Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, as amended – 20 U.S.C. 1681–1683 and 1685– 1687. ff. Drug Abuse Office and Treatment Act of 1972, as amended – 21 U.S.C. 1101, et seq. gg. Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Prevention, Treatment and Rehabilitation Act of 1970, P.L. 91- 616, as amended – 42 U.S.C. § 4541, et seq. hh. Appropriated Funds to Influence Certain Federal Contracting and Financial Transactions – 31 U.S.C. § 1352. EXECUTIVE ORDERS a. Executive Order 11990 – Protection of Wetlands b. Executive Order 11988 – Floodplain Management c. Executive Order 12372 – Intergovernmental Review of Federal Programs d. Executive Order 12699 – Seismic Safety of Federal and Federally Assisted New Building Construction1 e. Executive Order 14005 – Ensuring the Future is Made in all of America by All of America’s Workers f. Executive Order 14149 – Restoring Freedom of Speech and Ending Federal Censorship g. Executive Order 14151 – Ending Radical and Wasteful Government DEI Programs and Preferencing h. Executive Order 14154 – Unleashing American Energy i. Executive Order 14168 – Defending Women from Gender Ideology Extremism and Restoring Biological Truth to the Federal Government j. Executive Order 14173 – Ending Illegal Discrimination and Restoring Merit-Based Opportunity FEDERAL REGULATIONS a. 2 CFR Part 180 – OMB Guidelines to Agencies on Governmentwide Debarment and Suspension (Nonprocurement). b. 2 CFR Part 200 and 1201 – Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements for Federal Awards. 3, 4, 5 c. 2 CFR Part 1200 – Nonprocurement Suspension and Debarment. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 4 of 19 d. 14 CFR Part 13 – Investigative and Enforcement Procedures. e. 14 CFR Part 16 – Rules of Practice for Federally-Assisted Airport Enforcement Proceedings. f. 14 CFR Part 150 – Airport Noise Compatibility Planning. g. 28 CFR Part 35 – Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability in State and Local Government Services. h. 28 CFR § 50.3 – U.S. Department of Justice Guidelines for the Enforcement of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. i. 29 CFR Part 1 – Procedures for Predetermination of Wage Rates.1 j. 29 CFR Part 3 – Contractors and Subcontractors on Public Building or Public Work Financed in Whole or in Part by Loans or Grants from the United States.1 k. 29 CFR Part 5 – Labor Standards Provisions Applicable to Contracts Covering Federally Financed and Assisted Construction (Also Labor Standards Provisions Applicable to Nonconstruction Contracts Subject to the Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act).1 l. 41 CFR Part 60 – Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Equal Employment Opportunity, Department of Labor (Federal and Federally-assisted contracting requirements).1 m. 49 CFR Part 20 – New Restrictions on Lobbying. n. 49 CFR Part 21 – Nondiscrimination in Federally-Assisted Programs of the Department of Transportation - Effectuation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. o. 49 CFR Part 23 – Participation by Disadvantage Business Enterprise in Airport Concessions. p. 49 CFR Part 24 – Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition for Federal and Federally-Assisted Programs.1, 2 q. 49 CFR Part 26 – Participation by Disadvantaged Business Enterprises in Department of Transportation Financial Assistance Programs. r. 49 CFR Part 27 – Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability in Programs or Activities Receiving Federal Financial Assistance.1 s. 49 CFR Part 28 – Enforcement of Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Handicap in Programs or Activities Conducted by the Department of Transportation. t. 49 CFR Part 30 – Denial of Public Works Contracts to Suppliers of Goods and Services of Countries That Deny Procurement Market Access to U.S. Contractors. u. 49 CFR Part 32 – Governmentwide Requirements for Drug-Free Workplace (Financial Assistance). v. 49 CFR Part 37 – Transportation Services for Individuals with Disabilities (ADA). w. 49 CFR Part 38 – Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Accessibility Specifications for Transportation Vehicles. x. 49 CFR Part 41 – Seismic Safety. FOOTNOTES TO ASSURANCE (C)(1) 1 These laws do not apply to airport planning sponsors. 2 These laws do not apply to private sponsors. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 5 of 19 3 2 CFR Part 200 contains requirements for State and Local Governments receiving Federal assistance. Any requirement levied upon State and Local Governments by this regulation shall apply where applicable to private sponsors receiving Federal assistance under Title 49, United States Code. 4 Cost principles established in 2 CFR Part 200 subpart E must be used as guidelines for determining the eligibility of specific types of expenses. 5 Audit requirements established in 2 CFR Part 200 subpart F are the guidelines for audits. SPECIFIC ASSURANCES Specific assurances required to be included in grant agreements by any of the above laws, regulations or circulars are incorporated by reference in this Grant Agreement. 1. Responsibility and Authority of the Sponsor. a. Public Agency Sponsor: It has legal authority to apply for this Grant, and to finance and carry out the proposed project; that a resolution, motion or similar action has been duly adopted or passed as an official act of the applicant's governing body authorizing the filing of the application, including all understandings and assurances contained therein, and directing and authorizing the person identified as the official representative of the applicant to act in connection with the application and to provide such additional information as may be required. b. Private Sponsor: It has legal authority to apply for this Grant and to finance and carry out the proposed project and comply with all terms, conditions, and assurances of this Grant Agreement. It shall designate an official representative and shall in writing direct and authorize that person to file this application, including all understandings and assurances contained therein; to act in connection with this application; and to provide such additional information as may be required. 2. Sponsor Fund Availability. It has sufficient funds available for that portion of the project costs which are not to be paid by the United States. It has sufficient funds available to assure operation and maintenance of items funded under this Grant Agreement which it will own or control. 3. Good Title. a. It, a public agency or the Federal government, holds good title, satisfactory to the Secretary, to the landing area of the airport or site thereof, or will give assurance satisfactory to the Secretary that good title will be acquired. b. For noise compatibility program projects to be carried out on the property of the sponsor, it holds good title satisfactory to the Secretary to that portion of the property upon which Federal funds will be expended or will give assurance to the Secretary that good title will be obtained. 4. Preserving Rights and Powers. a. It will not take or permit any action which would operate to deprive it of any of the rights and powers necessary to perform any or all of the terms, conditions, and assurances in this Grant Agreement without the written approval of the Secretary, and will act promptly to acquire, extinguish or modify any outstanding rights or claims of right of others which would interfere AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 6 of 19 with such performance by the sponsor. This shall be done in a manner acceptable to the Secretary. b. Subject to 49 U.S.C. 47107(a)(16) and (x), it will not sell, lease, encumber, or otherwise transfer or dispose of any part of its title or other interests in the property shown on Exhibit A to this application or, for a noise compatibility program project, that portion of the property upon which Federal funds have been expended, for the duration of the terms, conditions, and assurances in this Grant Agreement without approval by the Secretary. If the transferee is found by the Secretary to be eligible under Title 49, United States Code, to assume the obligations of this Grant Agreement and to have the power, authority, and financial resources to carry out all such obligations, the sponsor shall insert in the contract or document transferring or disposing of the sponsor's interest, and make binding upon the transferee all of the terms, conditions, and assurances contained in this Grant Agreement. c. For all noise compatibility program projects which are to be carried out by another unit of local government or are on property owned by a unit of local government other than the sponsor, it will enter into an agreement with that government. Except as otherwise specified by the Secretary, that agreement shall obligate that government to the same terms, conditions, and assurances that would be applicable to it if it applied directly to the FAA for a grant to undertake the noise compatibility program project. That agreement and changes thereto must be satisfactory to the Secretary. It will take steps to enforce this agreement against the local government if there is substantial non-compliance with the terms of the agreement. d. For noise compatibility program projects to be carried out on privately owned property, it will enter into an agreement with the owner of that property which includes provisions specified by the Secretary. It will take steps to enforce this agreement against the property owner whenever there is substantial non-compliance with the terms of the agreement. e. If the sponsor is a private sponsor, it will take steps satisfactory to the Secretary to ensure that the airport will continue to function as a public-use airport in accordance with these assurances for the duration of these assurances. f. If an arrangement is made for management and operation of the airport by any agency or person other than the sponsor or an employee of the sponsor, the sponsor will reserve sufficient rights and authority to ensure that the airport will be operated and maintained in accordance with Title 49, United States Code, the regulations and the terms, conditions and assurances in this Grant Agreement and shall ensure that such arrangement also requires compliance therewith. g. Sponsors of commercial service airports will not permit or enter into any arrangement that results in permission for the owner or tenant of a property used as a residence, or zoned for residential use, to taxi an aircraft between that property and any location on airport. Sponsors of general aviation airports entering into any arrangement that results in permission for the owner of residential real property adjacent to or near the airport must comply with the requirements of Sec. 136 of Public Law 112-95 and the sponsor assurances. 5. Consistency with Local Plans. The project is reasonably consistent with plans (existing at the time of submission of this application) of public agencies that are authorized by the State in which the project is located to plan for the development of the area surrounding the airport. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 7 of 19 6. Consideration of Local Interest. It has given fair consideration to the interest of communities in or near where the project may be located. 7. Consultation with Users. In making a decision to undertake any airport development project under Title 49, United States Code, it has undertaken reasonable consultations with affected parties using the airport at which project is proposed. 8. Public Hearings. In projects involving the location of an airport, an airport runway, or a major runway extension, it has afforded the opportunity for public hearings for the purpose of considering the economic, social, and environmental effects of the airport or runway location and its consistency with goals and objectives of such planning as has been carried out by the community and it shall, when requested by the Secretary, submit a copy of the transcript of such hearings to the Secretary. Further, for such projects, it has on its management board either voting representation from the communities where the project is located or has advised the communities that they have the right to petition the Secretary concerning a proposed project. 9. Metropolitan Planning Organization. In projects involving the location of an airport, an airport runway, or a major runway extension at a medium or large hub airport, the sponsor has made available to and has provided upon request to the metropolitan planning organization in the area in which the airport is located, if any, a copy of the proposed amendment to the airport layout plan to depict the project and a copy of any airport master plan in which the project is described or depicted. 10. Pavement Preventive Maintenance-Management. With respect to a project approved after January 1, 1995, for the replacement or reconstruction of pavement at the airport, it assures or certifies that it has implemented an effective airport pavement maintenance-management program, and it assures that it will use such program for the useful life of any pavement constructed, reconstructed, or repaired with Federal financial assistance at the airport. It will provide such reports on pavement condition and pavement management programs as the Secretary determines may be useful. 11. Terminal Development Prerequisites. For projects which include terminal development at a public use airport, as defined in Title 49, it has, on the date of submittal of the project grant application, all the safety equipment required for certification of such airport under 49 U.S.C. 44706, and all the security equipment required by rule or regulation, and has provided for access to the passenger enplaning and deplaning area of such airport to passengers enplaning and deplaning from aircraft other than air carrier aircraft. 12. Accounting System, Audit, and Record Keeping Requirements. a. It shall keep all project accounts and records which fully disclose the amount and disposition by the recipient of the proceeds of this Grant, the total cost of the project in connection with which this Grant is given or used, and the amount or nature of that portion of the cost of the project supplied by other sources, and such other financial records pertinent to the project. The accounts and records shall be kept in accordance with an accounting system that will facilitate an effective audit in accordance with the Single Audit Act of 1984. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 8 of 19 b. It shall make available to the Secretary and the Comptroller General of the United States, or any of their duly authorized representatives, for the purpose of audit and examination, any books, documents, papers, and records of the recipient that are pertinent to this Grant. The Secretary may require that an appropriate audit be conducted by a recipient. In any case in which an independent audit is made of the accounts of a sponsor relating to the disposition of the proceeds of a grant or relating to the project in connection with which this Grant was given or used, it shall file a certified copy of such audit with the Comptroller General of the United States not later than six (6) months following the close of the fiscal year for which the audit was made. 13. Minimum Wage Rates. It shall include, in all contracts in excess of $2,000 for work on any projects funded under this Grant Agreement which involve labor, provisions establishing minimum rates of wages, to be predetermined by the Secretary of Labor under 40 U.S.C. §§ 3141-3144, 3146, and 3147, Public Building, Property, and Works), which contractors shall pay to skilled and unskilled labor, and such minimum rates shall be stated in the invitation for bids and shall be included in proposals or bids for the work. 14. Veteran's Preference. It shall include in all contracts for work on any project funded under this Grant Agreement which involve labor, such provisions as are necessary to insure that, in the employment of labor (except in executive, administrative, and supervisory positions), preference shall be given to Vietnam era veterans, Persian Gulf veterans, Afghanistan-Iraq war veterans, disabled veterans, and small business concerns owned and controlled by disabled veterans as defined in 49 U.S.C. 47112. However, this preference shall apply only where the individuals are available and qualified to perform the work to which the employment relates. 15. Conformity to Plans and Specifications. It will execute the project subject to plans, specifications, and schedules approved by the Secretary. Such plans, specifications, and schedules shall be submitted to the Secretary prior to commencement of site preparation, construction, or other performance under this Grant Agreement, and, upon approval of the Secretary, shall be incorporated into this Grant Agreement. Any modification to the approved plans, specifications, and schedules shall also be subject to approval of the Secretary and incorporated into this Grant Agreement. 16. Construction Inspection and Approval. It will provide and maintain competent technical supervision at the construction site throughout the project to assure that the work conforms to the plans, specifications, and schedules approved by the Secretary for the project. It shall subject the construction work on any project contained in an approved project application to inspection and approval by the Secretary and such work shall be in accordance with regulations and procedures prescribed by the Secretary. Such regulations and procedures shall require such cost and progress reporting by the sponsor or sponsors of such project as the Secretary shall deem necessary. 17. Planning Projects. In carrying out planning projects: a. It will execute the project in accordance with the approved program narrative contained in the project application or with the modifications similarly approved. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 9 of 19 b. It will furnish the Secretary with such periodic reports as required pertaining to the planning project and planning work activities. c. It will include in all published material prepared in connection with the planning project a notice that the material was prepared under a grant provided by the United States. d. It will make such material available for examination by the public and agrees that no material prepared with funds under this project shall be subject to copyright in the United States or any other country. e. It will give the Secretary unrestricted authority to publish, disclose, distribute, and otherwise use any of the material prepared in connection with this grant. f. It will grant the Secretary the right to disapprove the sponsor's employment of specific consultants and their subcontractors to do all or any part of this project as well as the right to disapprove the proposed scope and cost of professional services. g. It will grant the Secretary the right to disapprove the use of the sponsor's employees to do all or any part of the project. h. It understands and agrees that the Secretary's approval of this project grant or the Secretary's approval of any planning material developed as part of this grant does not constitute or imply any assurance or commitment on the part of the Secretary to approve any pending or future application for a Federal airport grant. 18. Operation and Maintenance. a. The airport and all facilities which are necessary to serve the aeronautical users of the airport, other than facilities owned or controlled by the United States, shall be operated at all times in a safe and serviceable condition and in accordance with the minimum standards as may be required or prescribed by applicable Federal, state, and local agencies for maintenance and operation. It will not cause or permit any activity or action thereon which would interfere with its use for airport purposes. It will suitably operate and maintain the airport and all facilities thereon or connected therewith, with due regard to climatic and flood conditions. Any proposal to temporarily close the airport for non-aeronautical purposes must first be approved by the Secretary. In furtherance of this assurance, the sponsor will have in effect arrangements for: 1. Operating the airport's aeronautical facilities whenever required; 2. Promptly marking and lighting hazards resulting from airport conditions, including temporary conditions; and 3. Promptly notifying pilots of any condition affecting aeronautical use of the airport. Nothing contained herein shall be construed to require that the airport be operated for aeronautical use during temporary periods when snow, flood, or other climatic conditions interfere with such operation and maintenance. Further, nothing herein shall be construed as requiring the maintenance, repair, restoration, or replacement of any structure or facility which is substantially damaged or destroyed due to an act of God or other condition or circumstance beyond the control of the sponsor. b. It will suitably operate and maintain noise compatibility program items that it owns or controls upon which Federal funds have been expended. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 10 of 19 19. Hazard Removal and Mitigation. It will take appropriate action to assure that such terminal airspace as is required to protect instrument and visual operations to the airport (including established minimum flight altitudes) will be adequately cleared and protected by removing, lowering, relocating, marking, or lighting or otherwise mitigating existing airport hazards and by preventing the establishment or creation of future airport hazards. 20. Compatible Land Use. It will take appropriate action, to the extent reasonable, including the adoption of zoning laws, to restrict the use of land adjacent to or in the immediate vicinity of the airport to activities and purposes compatible with normal airport operations, including landing and takeoff of aircraft. In addition, if the project is for noise compatibility program implementation, it will not cause or permit any change in land use, within its jurisdiction, that will reduce its compatibility, with respect to the airport, of the noise compatibility program measures upon which Federal funds have been expended. 21. Economic Nondiscrimination. a. It will make the airport available as an airport for public use on reasonable terms and without unjust discrimination to all types, kinds and classes of aeronautical activities, including commercial aeronautical activities offering services to the public at the airport. b. In any agreement, contract, lease, or other arrangement under which a right or privilege at the airport is granted to any person, firm, or corporation to conduct or to engage in any aeronautical activity for furnishing services to the public at the airport, the sponsor will insert and enforce provisions requiring the contractor to: 1. Furnish said services on a reasonable, and not unjustly discriminatory, basis to all users thereof, and 2. Charge reasonable, and not unjustly discriminatory, prices for each unit or service, provided that the contractor may be allowed to make reasonable and nondiscriminatory discounts, rebates, or other similar types of price reductions to volume purchasers. c. Each fixed-based operator at the airport shall be subject to the same rates, fees, rentals, and other charges as are uniformly applicable to all other fixed-based operators making the same or similar uses of such airport and utilizing the same or similar facilities. d. Each air carrier using such airport shall have the right to service itself or to use any fixed-based operator that is authorized or permitted by the airport to serve any air carrier at such airport. e. Each air carrier using such airport (whether as a tenant, non-tenant, or subtenant of another air carrier tenant) shall be subject to such nondiscriminatory and substantially comparable rules, regulations, conditions, rates, fees, rentals, and other charges with respect to facilities directly and substantially related to providing air transportation as are applicable to all such air carriers which make similar use of such airport and utilize similar facilities, subject to reasonable classifications such as tenants or non-tenants and signatory carriers and non-signatory carriers. Classification or status as tenant or signatory shall not be unreasonably withheld by any airport provided an air carrier assumes obligations substantially similar to those already imposed on air carriers in such classification or status. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 11 of 19 f. It will not exercise or grant any right or privilege which operates to prevent any person, firm, or corporation operating aircraft on the airport from performing any services on its own aircraft with its own employees (including, but not limited to maintenance, repair, and fueling) that it may choose to perform. g. In the event the sponsor itself exercises any of the rights and privileges referred to in this assurance, the services involved will be provided on the same conditions as would apply to the furnishing of such services by commercial aeronautical service providers authorized by the sponsor under these provisions. h. The sponsor may establish such reasonable, and not unjustly discriminatory, conditions to be met by all users of the airport as may be necessary for the safe and efficient operation of the airport. i. The sponsor may prohibit or limit any given type, kind or class of aeronautical use of the airport if such action is necessary for the safe operation of the airport or necessary to serve the civil aviation needs of the public. 22. Exclusive Rights. It will permit no exclusive right for the use of the airport by any person providing, or intending to provide, aeronautical services to the public. For purposes of this paragraph, the providing of the services at an airport by a single fixed-based operator shall not be construed as an exclusive right if both of the following apply: a. It would be unreasonably costly, burdensome, or impractical for more than one fixed-based operator to provide such services, and b. If allowing more than one fixed-based operator to provide such services would require the reduction of space leased pursuant to an existing agreement between such single fixed-based operator and such airport. It further agrees that it will not, either directly or indirectly, grant or permit any person, firm, or corporation, the exclusive right at the airport to conduct any aeronautical activities, including, but not limited to charter flights, pilot training, aircraft rental and sightseeing, aerial photography, crop dusting, aerial advertising and surveying, air carrier operations, aircraft sales and services, sale of aviation petroleum products whether or not conducted in conjunction with other aeronautical activity, repair and maintenance of aircraft, sale of aircraft parts, and any other activities which because of their direct relationship to the operation of aircraft can be regarded as an aeronautical activity, and that it will terminate any exclusive right to conduct an aeronautical activity now existing at such an airport before the grant of any assistance under Title 49, United States Code. 23. Fee and Rental Structure. It will maintain a fee and rental structure for the facilities and services at the airport which will make the airport as self-sustaining as possible under the circumstances existing at the particular airport, taking into account such factors as the volume of traffic and economy of collection. No part of the Federal share of an airport development, airport planning or noise compatibility project for which a Grant is made under Title 49, United States Code, the Airport and Airway Improvement Act of 1982, the Federal Airport Act or the Airport and Airway Development Act of 1970 shall be included in the rate basis in establishing fees, rates, and charges for users of that airport. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 12 of 19 24. Airport Revenues. a. All revenues generated by the airport and any local taxes on aviation fuel established after December 30, 1987, will be expended by it for the capital or operating costs of the airport; the local airport system; or other local facilities which are owned or operated by the owner or operator of the airport and which are directly and substantially related to the actual air transportation of passengers or property; or for noise mitigation purposes on or off the airport. The following exceptions apply to this paragraph: 1. If covenants or assurances in debt obligations issued before September 3, 1982, by the owner or operator of the airport, or provisions enacted before September 3, 1982, in governing statutes controlling the owner or operator's financing, provide for the use of the revenues from any of the airport owner or operator's facilities, including the airport, to support not only the airport but also the airport owner or operator's general debt obligations or other facilities, then this limitation on the use of all revenues generated by the airport (and, in the case of a public airport, local taxes on aviation fuel) shall not apply. 2. If the Secretary approves the sale of a privately owned airport to a public sponsor and provides funding for any portion of the public sponsor’s acquisition of land, this limitation on the use of all revenues generated by the sale shall not apply to certain proceeds from the sale. This is conditioned on repayment to the Secretary by the private owner of an amount equal to the remaining unamortized portion (amortized over a 20-year period) of any airport improvement grant made to the private owner for any purpose other than land acquisition on or after October 1, 1996, plus an amount equal to the federal share of the current fair market value of any land acquired with an airport improvement grant made to that airport on or after October 1, 1996. 3. Certain revenue derived from or generated by mineral extraction, production, lease, or other means at a general aviation airport (as defined at 49 U.S.C. 47102), if the FAA determines the airport sponsor meets the requirements set forth in Section 813 of Public Law 112-95. b. As part of the annual audit required under the Single Audit Act of 1984, the sponsor will direct that the audit will review, and the resulting audit report will provide an opinion concerning, the use of airport revenue and taxes in paragraph (a), and indicating whether funds paid or transferred to the owner or operator are paid or transferred in a manner consistent with Title 49, United States Code and any other applicable provision of law, including any regulation promulgated by the Secretary or Administrator. c. Any civil penalties or other sanctions will be imposed for violation of this assurance in accordance with the provisions of 49 U.S.C. 47107. 25. Reports and Inspections. It will: a. submit to the Secretary such annual or special financial and operations reports as the Secretary may reasonably request and make such reports available to the public; make available to the public at reasonable times and places a report of the airport budget in a format prescribed by the Secretary; b. for airport development projects, make the airport and all airport records and documents affecting the airport, including deeds, leases, operation and use agreements, regulations and AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 13 of 19 other instruments, available for inspection by any duly authorized agent of the Secretary upon reasonable request; c. for noise compatibility program projects, make records and documents relating to the project and continued compliance with the terms, conditions, and assurances of this Grant Agreement including deeds, leases, agreements, regulations, and other instruments, available for inspection by any duly authorized agent of the Secretary upon reasonable request; and d. in a format and time prescribed by the Secretary, provide to the Secretary and make available to the public following each of its fiscal years, an annual report listing in detail: 1. all amounts paid by the airport to any other unit of government and the purposes for which each such payment was made; and 2. all services and property provided by the airport to other units of government and the amount of compensation received for provision of each such service and property. 26. Use by Government Aircraft. It will make available all of the facilities of the airport developed with Federal financial assistance and all those usable for landing and takeoff of aircraft to the United States for use by Government aircraft in common with other aircraft at all times without charge, except, if the use by Government aircraft is substantial, charge may be made for a reasonable share, proportional to such use, for the cost of operating and maintaining the facilities used. Unless otherwise determined by the Secretary, or otherwise agreed to by the sponsor and the using agency, substantial use of an airport by Government aircraft will be considered to exist when operations of such aircraft are in excess of those which, in the opinion of the Secretary, would unduly interfere with use of the landing areas by other authorized aircraft, or during any calendar month that: a. Five (5) or more Government aircraft are regularly based at the airport or on land adjacent thereto; or b. The total number of movements (counting each landing as a movement) of Government aircraft is 300 or more, or the gross accumulative weight of Government aircraft using the airport (the total movement of Government aircraft multiplied by gross weights of such aircraft) is in excess of five million pounds. 27. Land for Federal Facilities. It will furnish without cost to the Federal Government for use in connection with any air traffic control or air navigation activities, or weather-reporting and communication activities related to air traffic control, any areas of land or water, or estate therein as the Secretary considers necessary or desirable for construction, operation, and maintenance at Federal expense of space or facilities for such purposes. Such areas or any portion thereof will be made available as provided herein within four months after receipt of a written request from the Secretary. 28. Airport Layout Plan. a. The airport owner or operator will maintain a current airport layout plan of the airport showing: 1. boundaries of the airport and all proposed additions thereto, together with the boundaries of all offsite areas owned or controlled by the sponsor for airport purposes and proposed additions thereto; AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 14 of 19 2. the location and nature of all existing and proposed airport facilities and structures (such as runways, taxiways, aprons, terminal buildings, hangars and roads), including all proposed extensions and reductions of existing airport facilities; 3. the location of all existing and proposed non-aviation areas and of all existing improvements thereon; and 4. all proposed and existing access points used to taxi aircraft across the airport’s property boundary. b. Subject to subsection 49 U.S.C. 47107(x), the Secretary will review and approve or disapprove the plan and any revision or modification of the plan before the plan, revision, or modification takes effect. c. The owner or operator will not make or allow any alteration in the airport or any of its facilities unless the alteration— 1. is outside the scope of the Secretary’s review and approval authority as set forth in subsection (x); or 2. complies with the portions of the plan approved by the Secretary. d. When the airport owner or operator makes a change or alteration in the airport or the facilities which the Secretary determines adversely affects the safety, utility, or efficiency of any federally owned, leased, or funded property on or off the airport and which is not in conformity with the airport layout plan as approved by the Secretary, the owner or operator will, if requested, by the Secretary: 1. eliminate such adverse effect in a manner approved by the Secretary; or 2. bear all costs of relocating such property or its replacement to a site acceptable to the Secretary and of restoring the property or its replacement to the level of safety, utility, efficiency, and cost of operation that existed before the alteration was made, except in the case of a relocation or replacement of an existing airport facility due to a change in the Secretary’s design standards beyond the control of the airport sponsor. 29. Civil Rights. It will promptly take any measures necessary to ensure that no person in the United States shall, on the grounds of race, color, and national origin (including limited English proficiency) in accordance with the provisions of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d to 2000d-4); creed and sex per 49 U.S.C. 47123 and related requirements; age per the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 and related requirements; or disability per the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and related requirements, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be otherwise subjected to discrimination in any program and activity conducted with, or benefiting from, funds received from this Grant. a. Using the definitions of activity, facility, and program as found and defined in 49 CFR 21.23(b) and 21.23(e), the sponsor will facilitate all programs, operate all facilities, or conduct all programs in compliance with all non-discrimination requirements imposed by or pursuant to these assurances. b. Applicability AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 15 of 19 1. Programs and Activities. If the sponsor has received a grant (or other federal assistance) for any of the sponsor’s program or activities, these requirements extend to all of the sponsor’s programs and activities. 2. Facilities. Where it receives a grant or other federal financial assistance to construct, expand, renovate, remodel, alter, or acquire a facility, or part of a facility, the assurance extends to the entire facility and facilities operated in connection therewith. 3. Real Property. Where the sponsor receives a grant or other Federal financial assistance in the form of, or for the acquisition of real property or an interest in real property, the assurance will extend to rights to space on, over, or under such property. c. Duration. The sponsor agrees that it is obligated to this assurance for the period during which Federal financial assistance is extended to the program, except where the Federal financial assistance is to provide, or is in the form of, personal property, or real property, or interest therein, or structures or improvements thereon, in which case the assurance obligates the sponsor, or any transferee for the longer of the following periods: 1. So long as the airport is used as an airport, or for another purpose involving the provision of similar services or benefits; or 2. So long as the sponsor retains ownership or possession of the property. d. Required Solicitation Language. It will include the following notification in all solicitations for bids, Requests For Proposals for work, or material under this Grant Agreement and in all proposals for agreements, including airport concessions, regardless of funding source: “The (City of Renton), in accordance with the provisions of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d to 2000d-4) and the Regulations, hereby notifies all bidders or offerors that it will affirmatively ensure that for any contract entered into pursuant to this advertisement, all businesses will be afforded full and fair opportunity to submit bids in response to this invitation and no businesses will be discriminated against on the grounds of race, color, national origin (including limited English proficiency), creed, sex , age, or disability in consideration for an award.” e. Required Contract Provisions. 1. It will insert the non-discrimination contract clauses requiring compliance with the acts and regulations relative to non-discrimination in Federally-assisted programs of the Department of Transportation (DOT), and incorporating the acts and regulations into the contracts by reference in every contract or agreement subject to the non-discrimination in Federally-assisted programs of the DOT acts and regulations. 2. It will include a list of the pertinent non-discrimination authorities in every contract that is subject to the non-discrimination acts and regulations. 3. It will insert non-discrimination contract clauses as a covenant running with the land, in any deed from the United States effecting or recording a transfer of real property, structures, use, or improvements thereon or interest therein to a sponsor. 4. It will insert non-discrimination contract clauses prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin (including limited English proficiency), creed, sex, age, or AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 16 of 19 disability as a covenant running with the land, in any future deeds, leases, license, permits, or similar instruments entered into by the sponsor with other parties: a. For the subsequent transfer of real property acquired or improved under the applicable activity, project, or program; and b. For the construction or use of, or access to, space on, over, or under real property acquired or improved under the applicable activity, project, or program. f. It will provide for such methods of administration for the program as are found by the Secretary to give reasonable guarantee that it, other recipients, sub-recipients, sub-grantees, contractors, subcontractors, consultants, transferees, successors in interest, and other participants of Federal financial assistance under such program will comply with all requirements imposed or pursuant to the acts, the regulations, and this assurance. g. It agrees that the United States has a right to seek judicial enforcement with regard to any matter arising under the acts, the regulations, and this assurance. 30. Disposal of Land. a. For land purchased under a grant for airport noise compatibility purposes, including land serving as a noise buffer, it will dispose of the land, when the land is no longer needed for such purposes, at fair market value, at the earliest practicable time. That portion of the proceeds of such disposition which is proportionate to the United States' share of acquisition of such land will be, at the discretion of the Secretary, (1) reinvested in another project at the airport, or (2) transferred to another eligible airport as prescribed by the Secretary. The Secretary shall give preference to the following, in descending order: 1. Reinvestment in an approved noise compatibility project; 2. Reinvestment in an approved project that is eligible for grant funding under 49 U.S.C. 47117(e); 3. Reinvestment in an approved airport development project that is eligible for grant funding under 49 U.S.C. 47114, 47115, or 47117; 4. Transfer to an eligible sponsor of another public airport to be reinvested in an approved noise compatibility project at that airport; or 5. Payment to the Secretary for deposit in the Airport and Airway Trust Fund. If land acquired under a grant for noise compatibility purposes is leased at fair market value and consistent with noise buffering purposes, the lease will not be considered a disposal of the land. Revenues derived from such a lease may be used for an approved airport development project that would otherwise be eligible for grant funding or any permitted use of airport revenue. b. For land purchased under a grant for airport development purposes (other than noise compatibility), it will, when the land is no longer needed for airport purposes, dispose of such land at fair market value or make available to the Secretary an amount equal to the United States' proportionate share of the fair market value of the land. That portion of the proceeds of such disposition which is proportionate to the United States' share of the cost of acquisition of such land will, upon application to the Secretary, be reinvested or transferred to another eligible airport as prescribed by the Secretary. The Secretary shall give preference to the following, in descending order: AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 17 of 19 1. Reinvestment in an approved noise compatibility project; 2. Reinvestment in an approved project that is eligible for grant funding under 49 U.S.C. 47117(e); 3. Reinvestment in an approved airport development project that is eligible for grant funding under 49 U.S.C. 47114, 47115, or 47117; 4. Transfer to an eligible sponsor of another public airport to be reinvested in an approved noise compatibility project at that airport; or 5. Payment to the Secretary for deposit in the Airport and Airway Trust Fund. c. Land shall be considered to be needed for airport purposes under this assurance if (1) it may be needed for aeronautical purposes (including runway protection zones) or serve as noise buffer land, and (2) the revenue from interim uses of such land contributes to the financial self-sufficiency of the airport. Further, land purchased with a grant received by an airport operator or owner before December 31, 1987, will be considered to be needed for airport purposes if the Secretary or Federal agency making such grant before December 31, 1987, was notified by the operator or owner of the uses of such land, did not object to such use, and the land continues to be used for that purpose, such use having commenced no later than December 15, 1989. d. Disposition of such land under (a), (b), or (c) will be subject to the retention or reservation of any interest or right therein necessary to ensure that such land will only be used for purposes which are compatible with noise levels associated with operation of the airport. 31. Engineering and Design Services. If any phase of such project has received Federal funds under Chapter 471 subchapter 1 of Title 49 U.S.C., it will award each contract, or sub-contract for program management, construction management, planning studies, feasibility studies, architectural services, preliminary engineering, design, engineering, surveying, mapping or related services in the same manner as a contract for architectural and engineering services is negotiated under Chapter 11 of Title 40 U S.C., or an equivalent qualifications-based requirement prescribed for or by the sponsor of the airport. 32. Foreign Market Restrictions. It will not allow funds provided under this Grant to be used to fund any project which uses any product or service of a foreign country during the period in which such foreign country is listed by the United States Trade Representative as denying fair and equitable market opportunities for products and suppliers of the United States in procurement and construction. 33. Policies, Standards, and Specifications. It will carry out any project funded under an Airport Improvement Program Grant in accordance with policies, standards, and specifications approved by the Secretary including, but not limited to, current FAA Advisory Circulars (https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/aip-pfc-checklist_0.pdf) for AIP projects as of May 27, 2025. 34. Relocation and Real Property Acquisition. a. It will be guided in acquiring real property, to the greatest extent practicable under State law, by the land acquisition policies in Subpart B of 49 CFR Part 24 and will pay or reimburse property owners for necessary expenses as specified in Subpart B. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 18 of 19 b. It will provide a relocation assistance program offering the services described in Subpart C of 49 CFR Part 24 and fair and reasonable relocation payments and assistance to displaced persons as required in Subpart D and E of 49 CFR Part 24. c. It will make available within a reasonable period of time prior to displacement, comparable replacement dwellings to displaced persons in accordance with Subpart E of 49 CFR Part 24. 35. Access By Intercity Buses. The airport owner or operator will permit, to the maximum extent practicable, intercity buses or other modes of transportation to have access to the airport; however, it has no obligation to fund special facilities for intercity buses or for other modes of transportation. 36. Disadvantaged Business Enterprises. The sponsor shall not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, or sex, in the award and performance of any DOT-assisted contract covered by 49 CFR Part 26, or in the award and performance of any concession activity contract covered by 49 CFR Part 23. In addition, the sponsor shall not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin or sex in the administration of its Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) and Airport Concessions Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (ACDBE) programs or the requirements of 49 CFR Parts 23 and 26. The sponsor shall take all necessary and reasonable steps under 49 CFR Parts 23 and 26 to ensure nondiscrimination in the award and administration of DOT-assisted contracts, and/or concession contracts. The sponsor’s DBE and ACDBE programs, as required by 49 CFR Parts 26 and 23, and as approved by DOT, are incorporated by reference in this agreement. Implementation of these programs is a legal obligation and failure to carry out its terms shall be treated as a violation of this agreement. Upon notification to the sponsor of its failure to carry out its approved program, the Department may impose sanctions as provided for under Parts 26 and 23 and may, in appropriate cases, refer the matter for enforcement under 18 U.S.C. § 1001 and/or the Program Fraud Civil Remedies Act of 1986 (31 U.S.C. §§ 3801-3809, 3812). 37. Hangar Construction. If the airport owner or operator and a person who owns an aircraft agree that a hangar is to be constructed at the airport for the aircraft at the aircraft owner’s expense, the airport owner or operator will grant to the aircraft owner for the hangar a long term lease that is subject to such terms and conditions on the hangar as the airport owner or operator may impose. 38. Competitive Access. a. If the airport owner or operator of a medium or large hub airport (as defined in 49 U.S.C. § 47102) has been unable to accommodate one or more requests by an air carrier for access to gates or other facilities at that airport in order to allow the air carrier to provide service to the airport or to expand service at the airport, the airport owner or operator shall transmit a report to the Secretary that: 1. Describes the requests; 2. Provides an explanation as to why the requests could not be accommodated; and 3. Provides a time frame within which, if any, the airport will be able to accommodate the requests. AGENDA ITEM #8. g) 3-53-0055-035-2025 Airport Sponsors Assurances Page 19 of 19 b. Such report shall be due on either February 1 or August 1 of each year if the airport has been unable to accommodate the request(s) in the six-month period prior to the applicable due date. 39. Access to Leaded Aviation Gasoline a. If 100-octane low lead aviation gasoline (100LL) was made available at an airport, at any time during calendar year 2022, an airport owner or operator may not restrict or prohibit the sale of, or self-fueling with 100-octane low lead aviation gasoline. b. This requirement remains until the earlier of December 31, 2030, or the date on which the airport or any retail fuel seller at the airport makes available an unleaded aviation gasoline that has been authorized for use by the FAA as a replacement for 100-octane low lead aviation gasoline for use in nearly all piston-engine aircraft and engine models; and meets either an industry consensus standard or other standard that facilitates the safe use, production, and distribution of such unleaded aviation gasoline, as determined appropriate by the FAA. c. An airport owner or operator understands and agrees, that any violation of this grant assurance is subject to civil penalties as provided for in 49 U.S.C. § 46301(a)(8). AGENDA ITEM #8. g) Construction Management - AIP Eligible (Negotiated) $1,872,254 Construction Management - Non-AIP Eligible (Negotiated) $76,000 Construction Management IFE (Negotiated) $4,494 Bid Advertising Fees (Estimate)$3,000 Construction, All AIP Eligible Schedules (Low Bid, Verified) $17,160,664 Construction, Non-AIP Eligible Boeing Work (Low Bid, Verified) $896,733 Construction, Non-AIP Eligible City Work (Low Bid, Verified) $903,401 Total Cost: $20,916,544 AIP Grant Eligible $19,040,411 Non-AIP Grant Eligible (Pavement adjacent to drive lane) $896,733 Non-AIP Grant Eligible (City Work + CM) $979,400 FAA-035-2025 (AIG, Awarded) $1,163,000 FAA-034-2025 (AIP, Awarded) $15,996,212 WSDOT-2025 (Awarded)$279,702 FAA-2026 (AIG, Anticipated)$282,000 FAA-2026 (AIP, Anticipated)$150,000 Total FAA & WSDOT (2025 only) Grant Funding: $17,870,914 Total City Cost (Assumes no WSDOT 2026): $3,045,631 Total Funding: $20,916,544 Project Element Costs Funding Sources AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . g ) AB - 3911 City Council Regular Meeting - 08 Sep 2025 SUBJECT/TITLE: FAA Grant Acceptance - Air Traffic Control Tower Siting Study RECOMMENDED ACTION: Council Concur DEPARTMENT: Public Works Airport STAFF CONTACT: William Adams, Principal Engineer EXT.: 206-775-6862 FISCAL IMPACT SUMMARY: The fiscal impact of this FAA Airport Improvement Grant for Air Traffic Control Tower (ATCT) Siting Study is not to exceed $470,184 and covers 100% of the costs incurred towards this phase of the project. The FAA is requiring the city to return the signed grant agreement by September 15, 2025, or risk losing the grant. This is why the Public Works Airport Division is requesting Council Concurrence on the September 8, 2025, Council meeting consent agenda. The grant is going to cover 100% of the following costs associated with the ATCT siting study for this phase of the overall project: FAA Reimbursable Agreement: $118,336 Kimley Horn A&E Professional Services Agreement: $342,299 Independent Fee Estimate: $7,550 Bid Advertising Estimate: $2,000 The full amount will be placed in Airport CIP fund 422 and will be include in the future Q1 2026 budget adjustment ordinance. SUMMARY OF ACTION: The Airport is requesting the acceptance of a grant with the FAAto conduct an Air Traffic Control Tower Siting Study at the Airport. The ATCT Siting Study will be completed in 2 years or less. The remaining phases of work for replacing the ATCT and estimated costs/timelines are as follows. 1. Complete Siting Study: 2years with a cost of $470, 184 funded by this grant 2. Perform Environmental Assessment for selected ATCT site: 1year with an estimated cost of $150k- $300k 3. Design 0-100%: 18months with an estimated cost of $800k-$1M 4. Construction: 12months with an estimated cost of $15M-$18M 5. Purchase Minimum Equipment List: Install in 3-months with an estimated cost of $1.2M 6. Anticipated Completion of all phases of project is expected to be in late 2031 or early 2032, depending upon available funding for the future phases of work. EXHIBITS: A. Grant Agreement - AIP-033 AGENDA ITEM #8. h) STAFF RECOMMENDATION: Authorize the Mayor and the City Clerk to execute the grant agreement with the FAA in the amount of $470,184for the Air Traffic Control Tower Siting Study project. AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 1 U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Airports Division Northwest Mountain Region Oregon, Washington Seattle Airports District Office: 2200 S 216th St Des Moines, WA 98198 {{DateTime_es_:signer1:calc(now()):format(date," mmmm d, yyyy")}} The Honorable Armondo Pavone Mayor of City of Renton Renton Municipal Airport 616 W Perimeter Rd, Unit A Renton, WA 98057 Dear Mayor Pavone: The Grant Offer for the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA)–Federal Contract Tower (FCT) Project No. 3-53-0055-033-2025 at Renton Municipal Airport is attached for execution. This letter outlines the steps you must take to properly enter into this agreement and provides other useful information. Please read the conditions, special conditions, and assurances that comprise the grant offer carefully. You may not make any modification to the text, terms or conditions of the grant offer. Steps You Must Take to Enter Into Agreement. To properly enter into this agreement, you must do the following: 1. The governing body must give authority to execute the grant to the individual(s) signing the grant, i.e., the person signing the document must be the sponsor’s authorized representative(s) (hereinafter “authorized representative”). 2. The authorized representative must execute the grant by adding their electronic signature to the appropriate certificate at the end of the agreement. 3. Once the authorized representative has electronically signed the grant, the sponsor’s attorney(s) will automatically receive an email notification. 4. On the same day or after the authorized representative has signed the grant, the sponsor’s attorney(s) will add their electronic signature to the appropriate certificate at the end of the agreement. 5. If there are co-sponsors, the authorized representative(s) and sponsor’s attorney(s) must follow the above procedures to fully execute the grant and finalize the process. Signatures must be obtained and finalized no later than September 15, 2025. 6. The fully executed grant will then be automatically sent to all parties as an email attachment. Payment. Subject to the requirements in 2 CFR § 200.305 (Federal Payment), each payment request for reimbursement under this grant must be made electronically via the Delphi eInvoicing System. Please see the attached Grant Agreement for more information regarding the use of this System. Project Timing. The terms and conditions of this agreement require you to complete the project without undue delay and no later than the Period of Performance end date (1,460 days from the grant AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 2 execution date). We will be monitoring your progress to ensure proper stewardship of these Federal funds. We expect you to submit payment requests for reimbursement of allowable incurred project expenses consistent with project progress. Your grant may be placed in “inactive” status if you do not make draws on a regular basis, which will affect your ability to receive future grant offers. Costs incurred after the Period of Performance ends are generally not allowable and will be rejected unless authorized by the FAA in advance. Reporting. Until the grant is completed and closed, you are responsible for submitting formal reports as follows:  For all grants, you must submit by December 31st of each year this grant is open: 1. A signed/dated SF-270 (Request for Advance or Reimbursement for non-construction projects) or SF-271 or equivalent (Outlay Report and Request for Reimbursement for Construction Programs), and 2. An SF-425 (Federal Financial Report).  For non-construction projects, you must submit FAA Form 5100-140, Performance Report within 30 days of the end of the Federal fiscal year.  For construction projects, you must submit FAA Form 5370-1, Construction Progress and Inspection Report, within 30 days of the end of each Federal fiscal quarter. Audit Requirements. As a condition of receiving Federal assistance under this award, you must comply with audit requirements as established under 2 CFR Part 200. Subpart F requires non-Federal entities that expend $1,000,000 or more in Federal awards to conduct a single or program specific audit for that year. Note that this includes Federal expenditures made under other Federal-assistance programs. Please take appropriate and necessary action to ensure your organization will comply with applicable audit requirements and standards. Closeout. Once the project(s) is completed and all costs are determined, we ask that you work with your FAA contact indicated below to close the project without delay and submit the necessary final closeout documentation as required by your Region/Airports District Office. FAA Contact Information. Jenna Pang, (206) 231-4147, jenna.k.pang@faa.gov is the assigned program manager for this grant and is readily available to assist you and your designated representative with the requirements stated herein. We sincerely value your cooperation in these efforts and look forward to working with you to complete this important project. Sincerely, {{Sig_es_:signer1: signature}} Ryan C. Zulauf Acting Manager, Seattle Airports District Office AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 3 U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration FY 2025 FAA CONTRACT TOWER PROGRAM GRANT GRANT AGREEMENT Part I - Offer Federal Award Offer Date {{DateTime_es_:signer1:calc(now()):format(date," mmmm d, yyyy")}} Airport/Planning Area Renton Municipal Airport FAA Contract Tower Program Grant Number 3-53-0055-033-2025 (Contract Number: DOT-FA25NM-106) Unique Entity Identifier UG2PSBS6UJJ3 TO: City of Renton, Washington (herein called the "Sponsor") FROM: The United States of America (acting through the Federal Aviation Administration, herein called the "FAA") WHEREAS, the Sponsor has submitted to the FAA a Project Application dated August 11, 2025, for a grant of Federal funds for a project at or associated with the Renton Municipal Airport, which is included as part of this Grant Agreement; and WHEREAS, the FAA has approved a project for the Renton Municipal Airport (herein called the “Project”) consisting of the following: Reconstruct FAA Contract Tower (phase 1-siting study and preliminary design); which is more fully described in the Project Application submitted in response to the Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO) published on August 19, 2024. NOW THEREFORE, Pursuant to and for the purpose of carrying out the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) (Public Law (P.L.) 117-58) of 2021; and the representations contained in the Project Application; and in consideration of: (a) the Sponsor’s adoption and ratification of the attached Grant Assurances dated April 2025, interpreted, and applied consistent with the FAA Reauthorization Act of AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 4 2024; (b) the Sponsor’s acceptance of this Offer; and (c) the benefits to accrue to the United States and the public from the accomplishment of the Project and compliance with the Grant Assurance and conditions as herein provided; THE FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, FOR AND ON BEHALF OF THE UNITED STATES, HEREBY OFFERS AND AGREES to pay (100) % of the allowable costs incurred accomplishing the Project as the United States share of the Project. Assistance Listings Number (Formerly CFDA Number): 20.106 This Offer is made on and SUBJECT TO THE FOLLOWING TERMS AND CONDITIONS: CONDITIONS 1. Maximum Obligation. The maximum obligation of the United States payable under this Offer is $470,184. The following amounts represent a breakdown of the maximum obligation for the purpose of establishing allowable amounts for any future grant amendment, which may increase the foregoing maximum obligation of the United States under the provisions of 49 U.S.C. § 47108(b): $0 for planning $470,184 for airport development; and, $0 for land acquisition. 2. Grant Performance. This Grant Agreement is subject to the following Federal award requirements: a. Period of Performance: 1. Shall start on the date the Sponsor formally accepts this Agreement and is the date signed by the last Sponsor signatory to the Agreement. The end date of the Period of Performance is 4 years (1,460 calendar days) from the date of acceptance. The Period of Performance end date shall not affect, relieve, or reduce Sponsor obligations and assurances that extend beyond the closeout of this Grant Agreement. 2. Means the total estimated time interval between the start of an initial Federal award and the planned end date, which may include one or more funded portions or budget periods (2 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) § 200.1) except as noted in 49 U.S.C § 47142(b). b. Budget Period: 1. For this Grant is 4 years (1,460 calendar days) and follows the same start and end date as the Period of Performance provided in Paragraph (2)(a)(1). Pursuant to 2 CFR § 200.403(h), the Sponsor may charge to the Grant only allowable costs incurred during the Budget Period and as stated in 49 U.S.C § 47142(b). All project costs must be incurred after the grant execution date unless specifically permitted under 49 U.S.C. § 47110(c). Certain airport development costs incurred before execution of the grant agreement, but after November 15, 2021, are allowable only if certain conditions under 49 U.S.C. § 47110(c) are met. 2. Means the time interval from the start date of a funded portion of an award to the end date of that funded portion during which the Sponsor is authorized to expend the funds awarded, including any funds carried forward or other revisions pursuant to 2 CFR § 200.308. c. Close Out and Termination: AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 5 Unless the FAA authorizes a written extension, the Sponsor must submit all Grant closeout documentation and liquidate (pay-off) all obligations incurred under this award no later than 120 calendar days after the end date of the Period of Performance. If the Sponsor does not submit all required closeout documentation within this time period, the FAA will proceed to close out the grant within one year of the Period of Performance end date with the information available at the end of 120 days (2 CFR § 200.344). The FAA may terminate this agreement and all of its obligations under this agreement if any of the following occurs: (a) (1) The Sponsor fails to obtain or provide any Sponsor grant contribution as required by the agreement; (2) A completion date for the Project or a component of the Project is listed in the agreement and the Recipient fails to meet that milestone by six months after the date listed in the agreement; (3) The Sponsor fails to comply with the terms and conditions of this agreement, including a material failure to comply with the Project Schedule even if it is beyond the reasonable control of the Sponsor; (4) Circumstances cause changes to the Project that the FAA determines are inconsistent with the FAA’s basis for selecting the Project to receive a grant; or (5) The FAA determines that termination of this agreement is in the public interest. (b) In terminating this agreement under this section, the FAA may elect to consider only the interests of the FAA. (c) The Sponsor may request that the FAA terminate the agreement under this section. 3. Ineligible or Unallowable Costs. In accordance with P.L. 117-58, Division J, Title VIII 49 U.S.C. § 49 U.S.C. § 47110, the Sponsor is prohibited from including any costs in the grant funded portions of the project that the FAA has determined to be ineligible or unallowable, including costs incurred to carry out airport development implementing policies and initiatives repealed by Executive Order 14148, provided such costs are not otherwise permitted by statute. 4. Indirect Costs - Sponsor. The Sponsor may charge indirect costs under this award by applying the indirect cost rate identified in the project application as accepted by the FAA, to allowable costs for Sponsor direct salaries and wages. 5. Determining the Final Federal Share of Costs. The United States’ share of allowable project costs will be made in accordance with 49 U.S.C. § 47109, the regulations, policies, and procedures of the Secretary of Transportation (“Secretary”), and any superseding legislation. Final determination of the United States’ share will be based upon the final audit of the total amount of allowable project costs and settlement will be made for any upward or downward adjustments to the Federal share of costs. 6. Completing the Project Without Delay and in Conformance with Requirements. AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 6 a. The Sponsor must carry out and complete the project without undue delays and in accordance with this Agreement, IIJA (P.L. 117-58), the regulations, and the Secretary’s policies and procedures. b. The Sponsor agrees to post-award performance and project evaluation requirements by the FAA/DOT/Federal government or its agents as specified in the NOFO. c. Per 2 CFR § 200.308, the Sponsor agrees to report and request prior FAA approval for any disengagement from performing the project that exceeds three months or a 25 percent reduction in time devoted to the project. The report must include a reason for the project stoppage. d. The Sponsor also agrees to comply with the Grant Assurances, which are part of this Agreement. 7. Amendments or Withdrawals before Grant Acceptance. The FAA reserves the right to amend or withdraw this offer at any time prior to its acceptance by the Sponsor. 8. Offer Expiration Date. This offer will expire and the United States will not be obligated to pay any part of the costs of the project unless this offer has been accepted by the Sponsor on or before September 15, 2025, or such subsequent date as may be prescribed in writing by the FAA. 9. Improper Use of Federal Funds and Mandatory Disclosure. a. The Sponsor must take all steps, including litigation if necessary, to recover Federal funds spent fraudulently, wastefully, or in violation of Federal antitrust statutes, or misused in any other manner for any project upon which Federal funds have been expended. For the purposes of this Grant Agreement, the term “Federal funds” means funds however used or dispersed by the Sponsor, that were originally paid pursuant to this or any other Federal grant agreement. The Sponsor must obtain the approval of the Secretary as to any determination of the amount of the Federal share of such funds. The Sponsor must return the recovered Federal share, including funds recovered by settlement, order, or judgment, to the Secretary. The Sponsor must furnish to the Secretary, upon request, all documents and records pertaining to the determination of the amount of the Federal share or to any settlement, litigation, negotiation, or other efforts taken to recover such funds. All settlements or other final positions of the Sponsor, in court or otherwise, involving the recovery of such Federal share require advance approval by the Secretary. b. The Sponsor, a recipient, and a subrecipient under this Federal grant must promptly comply with the mandatory disclosure requirements as established under 2 CFR § 200.113, including reporting requirements related to recipient integrity and performance in accordance with Appendix XII to 2 CFR Part 200. 10. United States Not Liable for Damage or Injury. The United States is not responsible or liable for damage to property or injury to persons which may arise from, or be incident to, compliance with this Grant Agreement. 11. System for Award Management (SAM) Registration and Unique Entity Identifier (UEI). a. Requirement for System for Award Management (SAM): Unless the Sponsor is exempted from this requirement under 2 CFR § 25.110, the Sponsor must maintain the currency of its information in the SAM until the Sponsor submits the final financial report required under this Grant or receives the final payment, whichever is later. This requires that the Sponsor review and update the information at least annually after the initial registration and more frequently if AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 7 required by changes in information or another award term. Additional information about registration procedures may be found at the SAM website (currently at http://www.sam.gov). b. Unique entity identifier (UEI) means a 12-character alpha-numeric value used to identify a specific commercial, nonprofit or governmental entity. A UEI may be obtained from SAM.gov at https://sam.gov/content/entity-registration. 12. Electronic Grant Payment(s). Unless otherwise directed by the FAA, the Sponsor must make each payment request under this Agreement electronically via the Delphi eInvoicing System for Department of Transportation (DOT) Financial Assistance Awardees. 13. Informal Letter Amendment of IIJA Projects. If, during the life of the project, the FAA determines that the maximum grant obligation of the United States exceeds the expected needs of the Sponsor by $25,000 or five percent (5%), whichever is greater, the FAA can issue a letter amendment to the Sponsor unilaterally reducing the maximum obligation. The FAA can, subject to the availability of Federal funds, issue a letter to the Sponsor increasing the maximum obligation if there is an overrun in the total actual eligible and allowable project costs to cover the amount of the overrun provided it will not exceed the statutory limitations for grant amendments. The FAA’s authority to increase the maximum obligation does not apply to the “planning” component of Condition No. 1, Maximum Obligation. The FAA can also issue an informal letter amendment that modifies the grant description to correct administrative errors or to delete work items if the FAA finds it advantageous and in the best interests of the United States. An informal letter amendment has the same force and effect as a formal grant amendment. 14. Environmental Standards. The Sponsor is required to comply with all applicable environmental standards, as further defined in the Grant Assurances, for all projects in this Grant. If the Sponsor fails to comply with this requirement, the FAA may suspend, cancel, or terminate this Grant Agreement. 15. Financial Reporting and Payment Requirements. The Sponsor will comply with all Federal financial reporting requirements and payment requirements, including submittal of timely and accurate reports. 16. Buy American. Unless otherwise approved in advance by the FAA, in accordance with 49 U.S.C. § 50101, the Sponsor will not acquire or permit any contractor or subcontractor to acquire any steel or manufactured goods produced outside the United States to be used for any project for which funds are provided under this Grant. The Sponsor will include a provision implementing Buy American in every contract and subcontract awarded under this Grant. 17. Build America, Buy American. The Sponsor must comply with the requirements under the Build America, Buy America Act (P.L. 117-58). 18. Maximum Obligation Increase. In accordance with 49 U.S.C. § 47108(b)(3), as amended, the maximum obligation of the United States, as stated in Condition No. 1, Maximum Obligation, of this Grant: a. May not be increased for a planning project; b. May be increased by not more than 15 percent for development projects if funds are available; c. May be increased by not more than the greater of the following for a land project, if funds are available: AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 8 1. 15 percent; or 2. 25 percent of the total increase in allowable project costs attributable to acquiring an interest in the land. If the Sponsor requests an increase, any eligible increase in funding will be subject to the United States Government share as provided in IIJA (P.L. 117-58), or other superseding legislation if applicable, for the fiscal year appropriation with which the increase is funded. The FAA is not responsible for the same Federal share provided herein for any amount increased over the initial grant amount. The FAA may adjust the Federal share as applicable through an informal letter of amendment. 19. Audits for Sponsors. PUBLIC SPONSORS. The Sponsor must provide for a Single Audit or program-specific audit in accordance with 2 CFR Part 200. The Sponsor must submit the audit reporting package to the Federal Audit Clearinghouse on the Federal Audit Clearinghouse’s Internet Data Entry System at http://harvester.census.gov/facweb/. Upon request of the FAA, the Sponsor shall provide one copy of the completed audit to the FAA. Sponsors that expend less than $1,000,000 in Federal awards and are exempt from Federal audit requirements must make records available for review or audit by the appropriate Federal agency officials, State, and Government Accountability Office. The FAA and other appropriate Federal agencies may request additional information to meet all Federal audit requirements. 20. Suspension or Debarment. When entering into a “covered transaction” as defined by 2 CFR § 180.200, the Sponsor must: a. Verify the non-Federal entity is eligible to participate in this Federal program by: 1. Checking the - Responsibility/Qualification records in the Federal Awardee Performance and Integrity information System (FAPIIS) as maintained within the System for Award Management (SAM) to determine if the non-Federal entity is excluded or disqualified; or 2. Collecting a certification statement from the non-Federal entity attesting they are not excluded or disqualified from participating; or 3. Adding a clause or condition to covered transactions attesting the individual or firm are not excluded or disqualified from participating. b. Require prime contractors to comply with 2 CFR § 180.330 when entering into lower-tier transactions with their contractors and sub-contractors. c. Immediately disclose in writing to the FAA whenever (1) the Sponsor learns it has entered into a covered transaction with an ineligible entity or (2) the Public Sponsor suspends or debars a contractor, person, or entity. 21. Ban on Texting While Driving. a. In accordance with Executive Order 13513, Federal Leadership on Reducing Text Messaging While Driving, October 1, 2009, and DOT Order 3902.10, Text Messaging While Driving, December 30, 2009, the Sponsor is encouraged to: 1. Adopt and enforce workplace safety policies to decrease crashes caused by distracted drivers including policies to ban text messaging while driving when performing any work for, or on behalf of, the Federal government, including work relating to a grant or subgrant. AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 9 2. Conduct workplace safety initiatives in a manner commensurate with the size of the business, such as: i. Establishment of new rules and programs or re-evaluation of existing programs to prohibit text messaging while driving; and ii. Education, awareness, and other outreach to employees about the safety risks associated with texting while driving. b. The Sponsor must insert the substance of this clause on banning texting while driving in all subgrants, contracts, and subcontracts funded with this Grant. 22. Trafficking in Persons. 1. Posting of contact information. a. The Sponsor must post the contact information of the national human trafficking hotline (including options to reach out to the hotline such as through phone, text, or TTY) in all public airport restrooms. 2. Provisions applicable to a recipient that is a private entity. a. Under this Grant, the recipient, its employees, subrecipients under this Grant, and subrecipient’s employees must not engage in: i. Severe forms of trafficking in persons; ii. The procurement of a commercial sex act during the period of time that the grant or cooperative agreement is in effect; iii. The use of forced labor in the performance of this grant; or any subaward; or iv. Acts that directly support or advance trafficking in persons, including the following acts: a) Destroying, concealing, removing, confiscating, or otherwise denying an employee access to that employee’s identity or immigration documents; b) Failing to provide return transportation of pay for return transportation costs to an employee from a country outside the United States to the country from which the employee was recruited upon the end of employment if requested by the employee, unless: 1. Exempted from the requirement to provide or pay for such return transportation by the federal department or agency providing or entering into the grant; or 2. The employee is a victim of human trafficking seeking victim services or legal redress in the country of employment or witness in a human trafficking enforcement action; c) Soliciting a person for the purpose of employment, or offering employment, by means of materially false or fraudulent pretenses, representations, or promises regarding that employment; d) Charging recruited employees a placement or recruitment fee; or e) Providing or arranging housing that fails to meet the host country’s housing and safety standards. b. The FAA may unilaterally terminate this Grant or take any remedial actions authorized by 22 U.S.C. § 7104b(c), without penalty, if any private entity under this Grant: AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 10 i. Is determined to have violated a prohibition in paragraph (2)(a) of this Grant; or ii. Has an employee that is determined to have violated a prohibition in paragraph(2)a) of this Grant through conduct that is either: a) Associated with the performance under this Grant; or b) Imputed to the recipient or the subrecipient using the standards and due process for imputing the conduct of an individual to an organization that are provided in 2 CFR Part 180, “OMB Guidelines to Agencies on Government-wide Debarment and Suspension (Nonprocurement),” as implemented by the FAA at 2 CFR Part 1200. 3. Provisions applicable to a recipient other than a private entity. a. The FAA may unilaterally terminate this award or take any remedial actions authorized by 22 U.S.C. § 7104b(c), without penalty, if subrecipient than is a private entity under this award: i. Is determined to have violated a prohibition in paragraph (2)(a) of this Grant or ii. Has an employee that is determined to have violated a prohibition in paragraph (2)(a) of this Grant through conduct that is either: a) Associated with the performance under this Grant; or b) Imputed to the recipient or the subrecipient using the standards and due process for imputing the conduct of an individual to an organization that are provided in 2 CFR Part 180, “OMB Guidelines to Agencies on Government-wide Debarment and Suspension (Nonprocurement),” as implemented by the FAA at 2 CFR Part 1200. 4. Provisions applicable to any recipient. a. The recipient must inform the FAA and the DOT Inspector General immediately of any information you receive from any source alleging a violation of a prohibition in paragraph (2)(a) of this Grant. b. The FAA’s right to unilaterally terminate this Grant as described in paragraphs (2)(b) or (3)(a) of this Grant, implements the requirements of 22 U.S.C. chapter 78, and is in addition to all other remedies for noncompliance that are available to the FAA under this Grant. c. The recipient must include the requirements of paragraph (2)(a) of this Grant award term in any subaward it makes to a private entity. d. If applicable, the recipient must also comply with the compliance plan and certification requirements in 2 CFR 175.105(b). 5. Definitions. For purposes of this Grant award, term: a. “Employee” means either: i. An individual employed by the recipient or a subrecipient who is engaged in the performance of the project or program under this Grant; or ii. Another person engaged in the performance of the project or program under this Grant and not compensated by the recipient including, but not limited to, a volunteer or individual whose services are contributed by a third party as an in-kind contribution toward cost sharing requirements. b. “Private Entity” means: AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 11 i. Any entity, including for-profit organizations, nonprofit organizations, institutions of higher education, and hospitals. The term does not include foreign public entities, Indian Tribes, local governments, or states as defined in 2 CFR 200.1. ii. The terms “severe forms of trafficking in persons,” “commercial sex act,” “sex trafficking,” “Abuse or threatened abuse of law or legal process,” “coercion,” “debt bondage,” and “involuntary servitude” have the meanings given at section 103 of the TVPA, as amended (22 U.S.C. § 7102). 23. IIJA Funded Work Included in a PFC Application. Within 120 days of acceptance of this Grant Agreement, the Sponsor must submit to the FAA an amendment to any approved Passenger Facility Charge (PFC) application that contains an approved PFC project also covered under this Grant Agreement as described in the project application. The airport Sponsor may not make any expenditure under this Grant Agreement until project work addressed under this Grant Agreement is removed from an approved PFC application by amendment. 24. Exhibit “A” Property Map. The Exhibit “A” Property Map dated September 01, 2025, is incorporated herein by reference or is submitted with the project application and made part of this Grant Agreement. 25. Employee Protection from Reprisal. In accordance with 2 CFR § 200.217 and 41 U.S.C. § 4701, an employee of a grantee, subgrantee contractor, recipient or subrecipient must not be discharged, demoted, or otherwise discriminated against as a reprisal for disclosing to a person or body described in paragraph (a)(2) of 41 U.S.C. 4712 information that the employee reasonably believes is evidence of gross mismanagement of a Federal contract or grant, a gross waste of Federal funds, an abuse of authority relating to a Federal contract or grant, a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety, or a violation of law, rule, or regulation related to a Federal contract (including the competition for or negotiation of a contract) or grant. The grantee, subgrantee, contractor, recipient, or subrecipient must inform their employees in writing of employee whistleblower rights and protections under 41 U.S.C. § 4712. See statutory requirements for whistleblower protections at 10 U.S.C. § 4701, 41 U.S.C. § 4712, 41 U.S.C. § 4304, and 10 U.S.C. § 4310 26. Prohibited Telecommunications and Video Surveillance Services and Equipment. The Sponsor agrees to comply with mandatory standards and policies relating to use and procurement of certain telecommunications and video surveillance services or equipment in compliance with the National Defense Authorization Act [P.L. 115-232 § 889(f)(1)] and 2 CFR § 200.216. 27. Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience. The Sponsor acknowledges that it has considered and addressed physical and cybersecurity and resilience in its project planning, design, and oversight, as determined by the DOT and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). For airports that do not have specific DOT or DHS cybersecurity requirements, the FAA encourages the voluntary adoption of the cybersecurity requirements from the Transportation Security Administration and Federal Security Director identified for security risk Category X airports. 28. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act. As a condition of a grant award, the Sponsor shall demonstrate that it complies with the provisions of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. §§ 2000 et seq) and implementing regulations (49 CFR part 21), the Airport and Airway Improvement Act of 1982 (49 U.S.C. § 47123), the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 (42 U.S.C. 6101 et seq.), Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. § 794 et seq.), the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. § 12101 et seq.), U.S. Department of Transportation and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Assurances, and other relevant civil rights statutes, regulations, or authorities, including any amendments or updates thereto. This may include, as applicable, providing a current Title VI AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 12 Program Plan to the FAA for approval, in the format and according to the timeline required by the FAA, and other information about the communities that will be benefited and impacted by the project. A completed FAA Title VI Pre-Grant Award Checklist is required for every grant application, unless excused by the FAA. The Sponsor shall affirmatively ensure that when carrying out any project supported by this grant that it complies with all federal nondiscrimination and civil rights laws based on race, color, national origin, sex, creed, age, disability, genetic information, in consideration for federal financial assistance. The Department’s and FAA’s Office of Civil Rights may provide resources and technical assistance to recipients to ensure full and sustainable compliance with Federal civil rights requirements. Failure to comply with civil rights requirements will be considered a violation of the agreement or contract and be subject to any enforcement action as authorized by law. 29. FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024. This grant agreement is subject to the terms and conditions contained herein including the terms known as the Grant Assurances as they were published in the Federal Register April 2025. On May 16, 2024, the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024 made certain amendments to 49 U.S.C. chapter 471. The Reauthorization Act will require the FAA to make certain amendments to the assurances in order to best achieve consistency with the statute. Federal law requires that the FAA publish any amendments to the assurances in the Federal Register along with an opportunity to comment. In order not to delay the offer of this grant, the existing assurances are attached herein; however, the FAA shall interpret and apply these assurances consistent with the Reauthorization Act. To the extent there is a conflict between the assurances and Federal statutes, the statutes shall apply. The full text of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024 is at https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3935/text 30. Applicable Federal Anti-Discrimination Laws. Pursuant to Section (3)b)(iv), Executive Order 14173, Ending Illegal Discrimination and Restoring Merit-Based Opportunity, the sponsor: a. Agrees that its compliance in all respects with all applicable Federal anti-discrimination laws is material to the government’s payment decisions for purposes of 31 U.S.C. 3729(b)(4); and b. certifies that it does not operate any programs promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives that violate any applicable Federal anti-discrimination laws. 34. Federal Law and Public Policy Requirements. The Sponsor shall ensure that Federal funding is expended in full accordance with the United States Constitution, Federal law, and statutory and public policy requirements: including but not limited to, those protecting free speech, religious liberty, public welfare, the environment, and prohibiting discrimination; and the Sponsor will cooperate with Federal officials in the enforcement of Federal law, including cooperating with and not impeding U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and other Federal offices and components of the Department of Homeland Security in and the enforcement of Federal immigration law. 35. National Airspace System Requirements. (a) The Sponsor shall cooperate with FAA activities installing, maintaining, replacing, improving, or operating equipment and facilities in or supporting the National Airspace System, including waiving permitting requirements and other restrictions affecting those activities to the maximum extent possible, and assisting the FAA in securing waivers of permitting or other restrictions from other authorities. The Sponsor shall not take actions that frustrate or AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 13 prevent the FAA from installing, maintaining, replacing, improving, or operating equipment and facilities in or supporting the National Airspace System. (b) If the FAA determines that the Sponsor has violated subsection (a), the FAA may impose a remedy, including: 1) additional conditions on the award; 2) consistent with 49 U.S.C. chapter 471, any remedy permitted under 2 CFR 200.339– 200.340, including withholding of payments; disallowance of previously reimbursed costs; requiring refunds from the Recipient to the DOT; suspension or termination of the award; or suspension and debarment under 2 CFR part 180; or 3) any other remedy legally available. (c) In imposing a remedy under this condition, the FAA may elect to consider the interests of only the FAA. (d) The Sponsor acknowledges that amounts that the FAA requires the Sponsor to refund to the FAA due to a remedy under this condition constitute a debt to the Federal Government that the FAA may collect under 2 CFR 200.346 and the Federal Claims Collection Standards (31 CFR parts 900–904). 36. Signage Costs for Construction Projects. The Sponsor agrees that it will require the prime contractor of a Federally assisted airport improvement project to post signs consistent with a DOT/FAA- prescribed format, as may be requested by the DOT/FAA, and further agrees to remove any signs posted in response to FAA requests received prior to February 1, 2025. 37. Title 8 - U.S.C., Chapter 12, Subchapter II - Immigration. The sponsor will follow applicable federal laws pertaining to Subchapter 12, and be subject to the penalties set forth in U.S.C. § 1324, Bringing in and harboring certain aliens, and 8 U.S.C. § 1327, Aiding or assisting certain aliens to enter. SPECIAL CONDITIONS 38. Duffy Plaintiff Special Term. Pursuant to the court’s preliminary injunction order in State of California v. Duffy, 1:25-cv-00208-JJM-PAS (D.R.I.) (June 19, 2025), DOT will not impose or enforce the challenged immigration enforcement condition* or any materially similar terms and conditions, to any grant funds awarded, directly or indirectly, to Plaintiff States or local government entities within those States (collectively referred to as “Plaintiff State Entities”), or otherwise rescind, withhold, terminate, or take other adverse action, absent specific statutory authority, based on the challenged immigration enforcement condition while DOT is subject to an injunction. DOT will not require Plaintiff State Entities to make any certification or other representation related to compliance with the challenged immigration enforcement condition nor will DOT construe acceptance of funding from DOT as certification as to the challenged immigration enforcement condition. *The challenged immigration enforcement condition: “[T]he Recipient will cooperate with Federal officials in the enforcement of Federal law, including cooperating with and not impeding U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and other Federal offices and components of the Department of Homeland Security in the enforcement of Federal immigration law.” AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 14 39. Airport Layout Plan (ALP). The Sponsor understands and agrees to update the ALP to reflect the construction to standards satisfactory to the FAA and submit it in final form to the FAA as described by 49 U.S.C. § 47107(a)(16). It is further mutually agreed that the reasonable cost of developing said ALP is an allowable cost within the scope of this project, if applicable. Airport Sponsors Grant Assurance 29 further addresses the Sponsor’s statutory obligations to maintain an ALP in accordance with 49 U.S.C. § 47107(a)(16). 40. Site Selection. The Sponsor understands and agrees that the Project cannot proceed beyond the site selection study until the Sponsor has received formal approval from the FAA to proceed. 41. Buy American Executive Orders. The Sponsor agrees to abide by applicable Executive Orders in effect at the time this Grant Agreement is executed, including Executive Order 14005, Ensuring the Future Is Made in All of America by All of America’s Workers. AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 15 The Sponsor’s acceptance of this Offer and ratification and adoption of the Project Application incorporated herein shall be evidenced by execution of this instrument by the Sponsor, as hereinafter provided, and this Offer and Acceptance shall comprise a Grant Agreement, constituting the contractual obligations and rights of the United States and the Sponsor with respect to the accomplishment of the Project and compliance with the Grant Assurances, terms, and conditions as provided herein. Such Grant Agreement shall become effective upon the Sponsor’s acceptance of this Offer. Please read the following information: By signing this document, you are agreeing that you have reviewed the following consumer disclosure information and consent to transact business using electronic communications, to receive notices and disclosures electronically, and to utilize electronic signatures in lieu of using paper documents. You are not required to receive notices and disclosures or sign documents electronically. If you prefer not to do so, you may request to receive paper copies and withdraw your consent at any time. I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.1 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION {{Sig_es_:signer1:signature:dimension(height=12mm, width=70mm}} (Signature) {{N_es_:signer1:fullname }} Ryan C. Zulauf {{N_es_:signer1:title }} Acting Manager, Seattle Airports District Office 1 Knowingly and willfully providing false information to the Federal government is a violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1001 (False Statements) and could subject you to fines, imprisonment, or both. AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 16 Part II - Acceptance The Sponsor does hereby ratify and adopt all assurances, statements, representations, warranties,covenants, and agreements contained in the Project Application and incorporated materials referred to in the foregoing Offer and does hereby accept this Offer and by such acceptance agrees to comply with all of the Grant Assurances, terms, and conditions in this Offer and in the Project Application. Please read the following information: By signing this document, you are agreeing that you have reviewed the following consumer disclosure information and consent to transact business using electronic communications, to receive notices and disclosures electronically, and to utilize electronic signatures in lieu of using paper documents. You are not required to receive notices and disclosures or sign documents electronically. If you prefer not to do so, you may request to receive paper copies and withdraw your consent at any time. I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.2 Dated {{DateTime_es_:signer2:calc(now()):format(date," mmmm d, yyyy")}} City of Renton (Name of Sponsor) {{Sig_es_:signer2:signature:dimension(height=12mm, width=70mm}} (Signature of Sponsor’s Authorized Official) By: {{N_es_:signer2:fullname }} (Typed Name of Sponsor’s Authorized Official) Title: {{*Ttl_es_:signer2:title }} (Title of Sponsor’s Authorized Official) 2 Knowingly and willfully providing false information to the Federal government is a violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1001 (False Statements) and could subject you to fines, imprisonment, or both. AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 17 CERTIFICATE OF SPONSOR’S ATTORNEY I, {{N_es_:signer3: fullname}}, acting as Attorney for the Sponsor do hereby certify: That in my opinion the Sponsor is empowered to enter into the foregoing Grant Agreement under the laws of the State of Washington. Further, I have examined the foregoing Grant Agreement and the actions taken by said Sponsor and Sponsor’s official representative, who has been duly authorized to execute this Grant Agreement, which is in all respects due and proper and in accordance with the laws of the said State; the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) (P.L. 117-58) of 2021; FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024 (P.L. 118-63); and the representations contained in the Project Application. In addition, for grants involving projects to be carried out on property not owned by the Sponsor, there are no legal impediments that will prevent full performance by the Sponsor. Further, it is my opinion that the said Grant Agreement constitutes a legal and binding obligation of the Sponsor in accordance with the terms thereof. Please read the following information: By signing this document, you are agreeing that you have reviewed the following consumer disclosure information and consent to transact business using electronic communications, to receive notices and disclosures electronically, and to utilize electronic signatures in lieu of using paper documents. You are not required to receive notices and disclosures or sign documents electronically. If you prefer not to do so, you may request to receive paper copies and withdraw your consent at any time. I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.3 Dated this day of {{DateTime_es_:signer3:calc(now()):format(date," mmmm d, yyyy")}} By: {{Sig_es_:signer3:signature:dimension(height=12mm, width=70mm}} (Signature of State’s Attorney) 3 Knowingly and willfully providing false information to the Federal government is a violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1001 (False Statements) and could subject you to fines, imprisonment, or both. AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 Airport Sponsor Assurances Page 1 of 19 ASSURANCES AIRPORT SPONSORS A. General. 1. These assurances shall be complied with in the performance of grant agreements for airport development, airport planning, and noise compatibility program grants for airport sponsors. 2. These assurances are required to be submitted as part of the project application by sponsors requesting funds under the provisions of Title 49, U.S.C., subtitle VII, as amended. As used herein, the term "public agency sponsor" means a public agency with control of a public-use airport; the term "private sponsor" means a private owner of a public-use airport; and the term "sponsor" includes both public agency sponsors and private sponsors. 3. Upon acceptance of this grant offer by the sponsor, these assurances are incorporated in and become part of this Grant Agreement. B. Duration and Applicability. 1. Airport Development or Noise Compatibility Program Projects Undertaken by a Public Agency Sponsor. The terms, conditions, and assurances of this Grant Agreement shall remain in full force and effect throughout the useful life of the facilities developed or equipment acquired for an airport development or noise compatibility program project, or throughout the useful life of the project items installed within a facility under a noise compatibility program project, but in any event not to exceed twenty (20) years from the date of acceptance of a grant offer of Federal funds for the project. However, there shall be no limit on the duration of the assurances regarding Exclusive Rights and Airport Revenue so long as the airport is used as an airport. There shall be no limit on the duration of the terms, conditions, and assurances with respect to real property acquired with federal funds. Furthermore, the duration of the Civil Rights assurance shall be specified in the assurances. 2. Airport Development or Noise Compatibility Projects Undertaken by a Private Sponsor. The preceding paragraph (1) also applies to a private sponsor except that the useful life of project items installed within a facility or the useful life of the facilities developed or equipment acquired under an airport development or noise compatibility program project shall be no less than ten (10) years from the date of acceptance of Federal aid for the project. 3. Airport Planning Undertaken by a Sponsor. Unless otherwise specified in this Grant Agreement, only Assurances 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 13, 18, 23, 25, 30, 32, 33, 34, 37, and 40 in Section C apply to planning projects. The terms, conditions, and assurances of this Grant Agreement shall remain in full force and effect during the life of the project; there shall be no limit on the duration of the assurances regarding Exclusive Rights and Airport Revenue so long as the airport is used as an airport. C. Sponsor Certification. The sponsor hereby assures and certifies, with respect to this grant that: AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 Airport Sponsor Assurances Page 2 of 19 1. General Federal Requirements The Sponsor will comply with all applicable Federal laws, regulations, executive orders, policies, guidelines, and requirements as they relate to the application, acceptance, and use of Federal funds for this Grant. Performance under this agreement shall be governed by and in compliance with the following requirements, as applicable, to the type of organization of the Sponsor and any applicable sub-recipients. The applicable provisions to this agreement include, but are not limited to, the following: FEDERAL LEGISLATION a. 49 U.S.C. subtitle VII, as amended. b. Davis-Bacon Act, as amended — 40 U.S.C. §§ 3141-3144, 3146, and 3147, et seq.1 c. Federal Fair Labor Standards Act – 29 U.S.C. § 201, et seq. d. Hatch Act – 5 U.S.C. § 1501, et seq.2 e. Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970, 42 U.S.C. 4601, et seq.1, 2 f. National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 – Section 106 – 54 U.S.C. § 306108.1 g. Archeological and Historic Preservation Act of 1974 – 54 U.S.C. § 312501, et seq.1 h. Native Americans Grave Repatriation Act – 25 U.S.C. § 3001, et seq. i. Clean Air Act, P.L. 90-148, as amended – 42 U.S.C. § 7401, et seq. j. Coastal Zone Management Act, P.L. 92-583, as amended – 16 U.S.C. § 1451, et seq. k. Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973 – Section 102(a) - 42 U.S.C. § 4012a.1 l. 49 U.S.C. § 303, (formerly known as Section 4(f)). m. Rehabilitation Act of 1973 – 29 U.S.C. § 794. n. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. § 2000d et seq.) (prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin). o. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended, (42 U.S.C. § 12101 et seq.) (prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability). p. Age Discrimination Act of 1975 – 42 U.S.C. § 6101, et seq. q. American Indian Religious Freedom Act, P.L. 95-341, as amended. r. Architectural Barriers Act of 1968, as amended – 42 U.S.C. § 4151, et seq.1 s. Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978 – Section 403 – 42 U.S.C. § 8373.1 t. Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act – 40 U.S.C. § 3701, et seq.1 u. Copeland Anti-kickback Act – 18 U.S.C. § 874.1 v. National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 – 42 U.S.C. § 4321, et seq.1 w. Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, P.L. 90-542, as amended – 16 U.S.C. § 1271, et seq. x. Single Audit Act of 1984 – 31 U.S.C. § 7501, et seq.2 AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 Airport Sponsor Assurances Page 3 of 19 y. Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 – 41 U.S.C. §§ 8101 through 8105. z. The Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006, as amended (P.L. 109-282, as amended by section 6202 of P.L. 110-252). aa. Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987, P.L. 100-259. bb. Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, P.L. 117-58, Title VIII. cc. Build America, Buy America Act, P.L. 117-58, Title IX. dd. Endangered Species Act – 16 U.S.C. 1531, et seq. ee. Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, as amended – 20 U.S.C. 1681–1683 and 1685– 1687. ff. Drug Abuse Office and Treatment Act of 1972, as amended – 21 U.S.C. 1101, et seq. gg. Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Prevention, Treatment and Rehabilitation Act of 1970, P.L. 91- 616, as amended – 42 U.S.C. § 4541, et seq. hh. Appropriated Funds to Influence Certain Federal Contracting and Financial Transactions – 31 U.S.C. § 1352. EXECUTIVE ORDERS a. Executive Order 11990 – Protection of Wetlands b. Executive Order 11988 – Floodplain Management c. Executive Order 12372 – Intergovernmental Review of Federal Programs d. Executive Order 12699 – Seismic Safety of Federal and Federally Assisted New Building Construction1 e. Executive Order 14005 – Ensuring the Future is Made in all of America by All of America’s Workers f. Executive Order 14149 – Restoring Freedom of Speech and Ending Federal Censorship g. Executive Order 14151 – Ending Radical and Wasteful Government DEI Programs and Preferencing h. Executive Order 14154 – Unleashing American Energy i. Executive Order 14168 – Defending Women from Gender Ideology Extremism and Restoring Biological Truth to the Federal Government j. Executive Order 14173 – Ending Illegal Discrimination and Restoring Merit-Based Opportunity FEDERAL REGULATIONS a. 2 CFR Part 180 – OMB Guidelines to Agencies on Governmentwide Debarment and Suspension (Nonprocurement). b. 2 CFR Part 200 and 1201 – Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements for Federal Awards. 3, 4, 5 c. 2 CFR Part 1200 – Nonprocurement Suspension and Debarment. d. 14 CFR Part 13 – Investigative and Enforcement Procedures. AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 Airport Sponsor Assurances Page 4 of 19 e. 14 CFR Part 16 – Rules of Practice for Federally-Assisted Airport Enforcement Proceedings. f. 14 CFR Part 150 – Airport Noise Compatibility Planning. g. 28 CFR Part 35 – Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability in State and Local Government Services. h. 28 CFR § 50.3 – U.S. Department of Justice Guidelines for the Enforcement of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. i. 29 CFR Part 1 – Procedures for Predetermination of Wage Rates.1 j. 29 CFR Part 3 – Contractors and Subcontractors on Public Building or Public Work Financed in Whole or in Part by Loans or Grants from the United States.1 k. 29 CFR Part 5 – Labor Standards Provisions Applicable to Contracts Covering Federally Financed and Assisted Construction (Also Labor Standards Provisions Applicable to Nonconstruction Contracts Subject to the Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act).1 l. 41 CFR Part 60 – Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Equal Employment Opportunity, Department of Labor (Federal and Federally-assisted contracting requirements).1 m. 49 CFR Part 20 – New Restrictions on Lobbying. n. 49 CFR Part 21 – Nondiscrimination in Federally-Assisted Programs of the Department of Transportation - Effectuation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. o. 49 CFR Part 23 – Participation by Disadvantage Business Enterprise in Airport Concessions. p. 49 CFR Part 24 – Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition for Federal and Federally-Assisted Programs.1, 2 q. 49 CFR Part 26 – Participation by Disadvantaged Business Enterprises in Department of Transportation Financial Assistance Programs. r. 49 CFR Part 27 – Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability in Programs or Activities Receiving Federal Financial Assistance.1 s. 49 CFR Part 28 – Enforcement of Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Handicap in Programs or Activities Conducted by the Department of Transportation. t. 49 CFR Part 30 – Denial of Public Works Contracts to Suppliers of Goods and Services of Countries That Deny Procurement Market Access to U.S. Contractors. u. 49 CFR Part 32 – Governmentwide Requirements for Drug-Free Workplace (Financial Assistance). v. 49 CFR Part 37 – Transportation Services for Individuals with Disabilities (ADA). w. 49 CFR Part 38 – Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Accessibility Specifications for Transportation Vehicles. x. 49 CFR Part 41 – Seismic Safety. FOOTNOTES TO ASSURANCE (C)(1) 1 These laws do not apply to airport planning sponsors. 2 These laws do not apply to private sponsors. AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 Airport Sponsor Assurances Page 5 of 19 3 2 CFR Part 200 contains requirements for State and Local Governments receiving Federal assistance. Any requirement levied upon State and Local Governments by this regulation shall apply where applicable to private sponsors receiving Federal assistance under Title 49, United States Code. 4 Cost principles established in 2 CFR Part 200 subpart E must be used as guidelines for determining the eligibility of specific types of expenses. 5 Audit requirements established in 2 CFR Part 200 subpart F are the guidelines for audits. SPECIFIC ASSURANCES Specific assurances required to be included in grant agreements by any of the above laws, regulations or circulars are incorporated by reference in this Grant Agreement. 2. Responsibility and Authority of the Sponsor. a. Public Agency Sponsor: It has legal authority to apply for this Grant, and to finance and carry out the proposed project; that a resolution, motion or similar action has been duly adopted or passed as an official act of the applicant's governing body authorizing the filing of the application, including all understandings and assurances contained therein, and directing and authorizing the person identified as the official representative of the applicant to act in connection with the application and to provide such additional information as may be required. b. Private Sponsor: It has legal authority to apply for this Grant and to finance and carry out the proposed project and comply with all terms, conditions, and assurances of this Grant Agreement. It shall designate an official representative and shall in writing direct and authorize that person to file this application, including all understandings and assurances contained therein; to act in connection with this application; and to provide such additional information as may be required. 3. Sponsor Fund Availability. It has sufficient funds available for that portion of the project costs which are not to be paid by the United States. It has sufficient funds available to assure operation and maintenance of items funded under this Grant Agreement which it will own or control. 4. Good Title. a. It, a public agency or the Federal government, holds good title, satisfactory to the Secretary, to the landing area of the airport or site thereof, or will give assurance satisfactory to the Secretary that good title will be acquired. b. For noise compatibility program projects to be carried out on the property of the sponsor, it holds good title satisfactory to the Secretary to that portion of the property upon which Federal funds will be expended or will give assurance to the Secretary that good title will be obtained. 5. Preserving Rights and Powers. a. It will not take or permit any action which would operate to deprive it of any of the rights and powers necessary to perform any or all of the terms, conditions, and assurances in this Grant Agreement without the written approval of the Secretary, and will act promptly to acquire, AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 Airport Sponsor Assurances Page 6 of 19 extinguish or modify any outstanding rights or claims of right of others which would interfere with such performance by the sponsor. This shall be done in a manner acceptable to the Secretary. b. Subject to 49 U.S.C. 47107(a)(16) and (x), it will not sell, lease, encumber, or otherwise transfer or dispose of any part of its title or other interests in the property shown on Exhibit A to this application or, for a noise compatibility program project, that portion of the property upon which Federal funds have been expended, for the duration of the terms, conditions, and assurances in this Grant Agreement without approval by the Secretary. If the transferee is found by the Secretary to be eligible under Title 49, United States Code, to assume the obligations of this Grant Agreement and to have the power, authority, and financial resources to carry out all such obligations, the sponsor shall insert in the contract or document transferring or disposing of the sponsor's interest, and make binding upon the transferee all of the terms, conditions, and assurances contained in this Grant Agreement. c. For all noise compatibility program projects which are to be carried out by another unit of local government or are on property owned by a unit of local government other than the sponsor, it will enter into an agreement with that government. Except as otherwise specified by the Secretary, that agreement shall obligate that government to the same terms, conditions, and assurances that would be applicable to it if it applied directly to the FAA for a grant to undertake the noise compatibility program project. That agreement and changes thereto must be satisfactory to the Secretary. It will take steps to enforce this agreement against the local government if there is substantial non-compliance with the terms of the agreement. d. For noise compatibility program projects to be carried out on privately owned property, it will enter into an agreement with the owner of that property which includes provisions specified by the Secretary. It will take steps to enforce this agreement against the property owner whenever there is substantial non-compliance with the terms of the agreement. e. If the sponsor is a private sponsor, it will take steps satisfactory to the Secretary to ensure that the airport will continue to function as a public-use airport in accordance with these assurances for the duration of these assurances. f. If an arrangement is made for management and operation of the airport by any agency or person other than the sponsor or an employee of the sponsor, the sponsor will reserve sufficient rights and authority to ensure that the airport will be operated and maintained in accordance with Title 49, United States Code, the regulations and the terms, conditions and assurances in this Grant Agreement and shall ensure that such arrangement also requires compliance therewith. g. Sponsors of commercial service airports will not permit or enter into any arrangement that results in permission for the owner or tenant of a property used as a residence, or zoned for residential use, to taxi an aircraft between that property and any location on airport. Sponsors of general aviation airports entering into any arrangement that results in permission for the owner of residential real property adjacent to or near the airport must comply with the requirements of Sec. 136 of Public Law 112-95 and the sponsor assurances. AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 Airport Sponsor Assurances Page 7 of 19 6. Consistency with Local Plans. The project is reasonably consistent with plans (existing at the time of submission of this application) of public agencies that are authorized by the State in which the project is located to plan for the development of the area surrounding the airport. 7. Consideration of Local Interest. It has given fair consideration to the interest of communities in or near where the project may be located. 8. Consultation with Users. In making a decision to undertake any airport development project under Title 49, United States Code, it has undertaken reasonable consultations with affected parties using the airport at which project is proposed. 9. Public Hearings. In projects involving the location of an airport, an airport runway, or a major runway extension, it has afforded the opportunity for public hearings for the purpose of considering the economic, social, and environmental effects of the airport or runway location and its consistency with goals and objectives of such planning as has been carried out by the community and it shall, when requested by the Secretary, submit a copy of the transcript of such hearings to the Secretary. Further, for such projects, it has on its management board either voting representation from the communities where the project is located or has advised the communities that they have the right to petition the Secretary concerning a proposed project. 10. Metropolitan Planning Organization. In projects involving the location of an airport, an airport runway, or a major runway extension at a medium or large hub airport, the sponsor has made available to and has provided upon request to the metropolitan planning organization in the area in which the airport is located, if any, a copy of the proposed amendment to the airport layout plan to depict the project and a copy of any airport master plan in which the project is described or depicted. 11. Pavement Preventive Maintenance-Management. With respect to a project approved after January 1, 1995, for the replacement or reconstruction of pavement at the airport, it assures or certifies that it has implemented an effective airport pavement maintenance-management program, and it assures that it will use such program for the useful life of any pavement constructed, reconstructed, or repaired with Federal financial assistance at the airport. It will provide such reports on pavement condition and pavement management programs as the Secretary determines may be useful. 12. Terminal Development Prerequisites. For projects which include terminal development at a public use airport, as defined in Title 49, it has, on the date of submittal of the project grant application, all the safety equipment required for certification of such airport under 49 U.S.C. 44706, and all the security equipment required by rule or regulation, and has provided for access to the passenger enplaning and deplaning area of such airport to passengers enplaning and deplaning from aircraft other than air carrier aircraft. AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 Airport Sponsor Assurances Page 8 of 19 13. Accounting System, Audit, and Record Keeping Requirements. a. It shall keep all project accounts and records which fully disclose the amount and disposition by the recipient of the proceeds of this Grant, the total cost of the project in connection with which this Grant is given or used, and the amount or nature of that portion of the cost of the project supplied by other sources, and such other financial records pertinent to the project. The accounts and records shall be kept in accordance with an accounting system that will facilitate an effective audit in accordance with the Single Audit Act of 1984. b. It shall make available to the Secretary and the Comptroller General of the United States, or any of their duly authorized representatives, for the purpose of audit and examination, any books, documents, papers, and records of the recipient that are pertinent to this Grant. The Secretary may require that an appropriate audit be conducted by a recipient. In any case in which an independent audit is made of the accounts of a sponsor relating to the disposition of the proceeds of a grant or relating to the project in connection with which this Grant was given or used, it shall file a certified copy of such audit with the Comptroller General of the United States not later than six (6) months following the close of the fiscal year for which the audit was made. 14. Minimum Wage Rates. It shall include, in all contracts in excess of $2,000 for work on any projects funded under this Grant Agreement which involve labor, provisions establishing minimum rates of wages, to be predetermined by the Secretary of Labor under 40 U.S.C. §§ 3141-3144, 3146, and 3147, Public Building, Property, and Works), which contractors shall pay to skilled and unskilled labor, and such minimum rates shall be stated in the invitation for bids and shall be included in proposals or bids for the work. 15. Veteran's Preference. It shall include in all contracts for work on any project funded under this Grant Agreement which involve labor, such provisions as are necessary to insure that, in the employment of labor (except in executive, administrative, and supervisory positions), preference shall be given to Vietnam era veterans, Persian Gulf veterans, Afghanistan-Iraq war veterans, disabled veterans, and small business concerns owned and controlled by disabled veterans as defined in 49 U.S.C. 47112. However, this preference shall apply only where the individuals are available and qualified to perform the work to which the employment relates. 16. Conformity to Plans and Specifications. It will execute the project subject to plans, specifications, and schedules approved by the Secretary. Such plans, specifications, and schedules shall be submitted to the Secretary prior to commencement of site preparation, construction, or other performance under this Grant Agreement, and, upon approval of the Secretary, shall be incorporated into this Grant Agreement. Any modification to the approved plans, specifications, and schedules shall also be subject to approval of the Secretary and incorporated into this Grant Agreement. 17. Construction Inspection and Approval. It will provide and maintain competent technical supervision at the construction site throughout the project to assure that the work conforms to the plans, specifications, and schedules approved by the Secretary for the project. It shall subject the construction work on any project contained in an AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 Airport Sponsor Assurances Page 9 of 19 approved project application to inspection and approval by the Secretary and such work shall be in accordance with regulations and procedures prescribed by the Secretary. Such regulations and procedures shall require such cost and progress reporting by the sponsor or sponsors of such project as the Secretary shall deem necessary. 18. Planning Projects. In carrying out planning projects: a. It will execute the project in accordance with the approved program narrative contained in the project application or with the modifications similarly approved. b. It will furnish the Secretary with such periodic reports as required pertaining to the planning project and planning work activities. c. It will include in all published material prepared in connection with the planning project a notice that the material was prepared under a grant provided by the United States. d. It will make such material available for examination by the public and agrees that no material prepared with funds under this project shall be subject to copyright in the United States or any other country. e. It will give the Secretary unrestricted authority to publish, disclose, distribute, and otherwise use any of the material prepared in connection with this grant. f. It will grant the Secretary the right to disapprove the sponsor's employment of specific consultants and their subcontractors to do all or any part of this project as well as the right to disapprove the proposed scope and cost of professional services. g. It will grant the Secretary the right to disapprove the use of the sponsor's employees to do all or any part of the project. h. It understands and agrees that the Secretary's approval of this project grant or the Secretary's approval of any planning material developed as part of this grant does not constitute or imply any assurance or commitment on the part of the Secretary to approve any pending or future application for a Federal airport grant. 19. Operation and Maintenance. a. The airport and all facilities which are necessary to serve the aeronautical users of the airport, other than facilities owned or controlled by the United States, shall be operated at all times in a safe and serviceable condition and in accordance with the minimum standards as may be required or prescribed by applicable Federal, state, and local agencies for maintenance and operation. It will not cause or permit any activity or action thereon which would interfere with its use for airport purposes. It will suitably operate and maintain the airport and all facilities thereon or connected therewith, with due regard to climatic and flood conditions. Any proposal to temporarily close the airport for non-aeronautical purposes must first be approved by the Secretary. In furtherance of this assurance, the sponsor will have in effect arrangements for: 1. Operating the airport's aeronautical facilities whenever required; 2. Promptly marking and lighting hazards resulting from airport conditions, including temporary conditions; and AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 Airport Sponsor Assurances Page 10 of 19 3. Promptly notifying pilots of any condition affecting aeronautical use of the airport. Nothing contained herein shall be construed to require that the airport be operated for aeronautical use during temporary periods when snow, flood, or other climatic conditions interfere with such operation and maintenance. Further, nothing herein shall be construed as requiring the maintenance, repair, restoration, or replacement of any structure or facility which is substantially damaged or destroyed due to an act of God or other condition or circumstance beyond the control of the sponsor. b. It will suitably operate and maintain noise compatibility program items that it owns or controls upon which Federal funds have been expended. 20. Hazard Removal and Mitigation. It will take appropriate action to assure that such terminal airspace as is required to protect instrument and visual operations to the airport (including established minimum flight altitudes) will be adequately cleared and protected by removing, lowering, relocating, marking, or lighting or otherwise mitigating existing airport hazards and by preventing the establishment or creation of future airport hazards. 21. Compatible Land Use. It will take appropriate action, to the extent reasonable, including the adoption of zoning laws, to restrict the use of land adjacent to or in the immediate vicinity of the airport to activities and purposes compatible with normal airport operations, including landing and takeoff of aircraft. In addition, if the project is for noise compatibility program implementation, it will not cause or permit any change in land use, within its jurisdiction, that will reduce its compatibility, with respect to the airport, of the noise compatibility program measures upon which Federal funds have been expended. 22. Economic Nondiscrimination. a. It will make the airport available as an airport for public use on reasonable terms and without unjust discrimination to all types, kinds and classes of aeronautical activities, including commercial aeronautical activities offering services to the public at the airport. b. In any agreement, contract, lease, or other arrangement under which a right or privilege at the airport is granted to any person, firm, or corporation to conduct or to engage in any aeronautical activity for furnishing services to the public at the airport, the sponsor will insert and enforce provisions requiring the contractor to: 1. Furnish said services on a reasonable, and not unjustly discriminatory, basis to all users thereof, and 2. Charge reasonable, and not unjustly discriminatory, prices for each unit or service, provided that the contractor may be allowed to make reasonable and nondiscriminatory discounts, rebates, or other similar types of price reductions to volume purchasers. c. Each fixed-based operator at the airport shall be subject to the same rates, fees, rentals, and other charges as are uniformly applicable to all other fixed-based operators making the same or similar uses of such airport and utilizing the same or similar facilities. d. Each air carrier using such airport shall have the right to service itself or to use any fixed-based operator that is authorized or permitted by the airport to serve any air carrier at such airport. AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 Airport Sponsor Assurances Page 11 of 19 e. Each air carrier using such airport (whether as a tenant, non-tenant, or subtenant of another air carrier tenant) shall be subject to such nondiscriminatory and substantially comparable rules, regulations, conditions, rates, fees, rentals, and other charges with respect to facilities directly and substantially related to providing air transportation as are applicable to all such air carriers which make similar use of such airport and utilize similar facilities, subject to reasonable classifications such as tenants or non-tenants and signatory carriers and non-signatory carriers. Classification or status as tenant or signatory shall not be unreasonably withheld by any airport provided an air carrier assumes obligations substantially similar to those already imposed on air carriers in such classification or status. f. It will not exercise or grant any right or privilege which operates to prevent any person, firm, or corporation operating aircraft on the airport from performing any services on its own aircraft with its own employees (including, but not limited to maintenance, repair, and fueling) that it may choose to perform. g. In the event the sponsor itself exercises any of the rights and privileges referred to in this assurance, the services involved will be provided on the same conditions as would apply to the furnishing of such services by commercial aeronautical service providers authorized by the sponsor under these provisions. h. The sponsor may establish such reasonable, and not unjustly discriminatory, conditions to be met by all users of the airport as may be necessary for the safe and efficient operation of the airport. i. The sponsor may prohibit or limit any given type, kind or class of aeronautical use of the airport if such action is necessary for the safe operation of the airport or necessary to serve the civil aviation needs of the public. 23. Exclusive Rights. It will permit no exclusive right for the use of the airport by any person providing, or intending to provide, aeronautical services to the public. For purposes of this paragraph, the providing of the services at an airport by a single fixed-based operator shall not be construed as an exclusive right if both of the following apply: a. It would be unreasonably costly, burdensome, or impractical for more than one fixed-based operator to provide such services, and b. If allowing more than one fixed-based operator to provide such services would require the reduction of space leased pursuant to an existing agreement between such single fixed-based operator and such airport. It further agrees that it will not, either directly or indirectly, grant or permit any person, firm, or corporation, the exclusive right at the airport to conduct any aeronautical activities, including, but not limited to charter flights, pilot training, aircraft rental and sightseeing, aerial photography, crop dusting, aerial advertising and surveying, air carrier operations, aircraft sales and services, sale of aviation petroleum products whether or not conducted in conjunction with other aeronautical activity, repair and maintenance of aircraft, sale of aircraft parts, and any other activities which because of their direct relationship to the operation of aircraft can be regarded as an aeronautical activity, and that it will terminate any exclusive right to conduct an aeronautical activity now existing at such an airport before the grant of any assistance under Title 49, United States Code. AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 Airport Sponsor Assurances Page 12 of 19 24. Fee and Rental Structure. It will maintain a fee and rental structure for the facilities and services at the airport which will make the airport as self-sustaining as possible under the circumstances existing at the particular airport, taking into account such factors as the volume of traffic and economy of collection. No part of the Federal share of an airport development, airport planning or noise compatibility project for which a Grant is made under Title 49, United States Code, the Airport and Airway Improvement Act of 1982, the Federal Airport Act or the Airport and Airway Development Act of 1970 shall be included in the rate basis in establishing fees, rates, and charges for users of that airport. 25. Airport Revenues. a. All revenues generated by the airport and any local taxes on aviation fuel established after December 30, 1987, will be expended by it for the capital or operating costs of the airport; the local airport system; or other local facilities which are owned or operated by the owner or operator of the airport and which are directly and substantially related to the actual air transportation of passengers or property; or for noise mitigation purposes on or off the airport. The following exceptions apply to this paragraph: 1. If covenants or assurances in debt obligations issued before September 3, 1982, by the owner or operator of the airport, or provisions enacted before September 3, 1982, in governing statutes controlling the owner or operator's financing, provide for the use of the revenues from any of the airport owner or operator's facilities, including the airport, to support not only the airport but also the airport owner or operator's general debt obligations or other facilities, then this limitation on the use of all revenues generated by the airport (and, in the case of a public airport, local taxes on aviation fuel) shall not apply. 2. If the Secretary approves the sale of a privately owned airport to a public sponsor and provides funding for any portion of the public sponsor’s acquisition of land, this limitation on the use of all revenues generated by the sale shall not apply to certain proceeds from the sale. This is conditioned on repayment to the Secretary by the private owner of an amount equal to the remaining unamortized portion (amortized over a 20-year period) of any airport improvement grant made to the private owner for any purpose other than land acquisition on or after October 1, 1996, plus an amount equal to the federal share of the current fair market value of any land acquired with an airport improvement grant made to that airport on or after October 1, 1996. 3. Certain revenue derived from or generated by mineral extraction, production, lease, or other means at a general aviation airport (as defined at 49 U.S.C. 47102), if the FAA determines the airport sponsor meets the requirements set forth in Section 813 of Public Law 112-95. b. As part of the annual audit required under the Single Audit Act of 1984, the sponsor will direct that the audit will review, and the resulting audit report will provide an opinion concerning, the use of airport revenue and taxes in paragraph (a), and indicating whether funds paid or transferred to the owner or operator are paid or transferred in a manner consistent with Title 49, United States Code and any other applicable provision of law, including any regulation promulgated by the Secretary or Administrator. c. Any civil penalties or other sanctions will be imposed for violation of this assurance in accordance with the provisions of 49 U.S.C. 47107. AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 Airport Sponsor Assurances Page 13 of 19 26. Reports and Inspections. It will: a. submit to the Secretary such annual or special financial and operations reports as the Secretary may reasonably request and make such reports available to the public; make available to the public at reasonable times and places a report of the airport budget in a format prescribed by the Secretary; b. for airport development projects, make the airport and all airport records and documents affecting the airport, including deeds, leases, operation and use agreements, regulations and other instruments, available for inspection by any duly authorized agent of the Secretary upon reasonable request; c. for noise compatibility program projects, make records and documents relating to the project and continued compliance with the terms, conditions, and assurances of this Grant Agreement including deeds, leases, agreements, regulations, and other instruments, available for inspection by any duly authorized agent of the Secretary upon reasonable request; and d. in a format and time prescribed by the Secretary, provide to the Secretary and make available to the public following each of its fiscal years, an annual report listing in detail: 1. all amounts paid by the airport to any other unit of government and the purposes for which each such payment was made; and 2. all services and property provided by the airport to other units of government and the amount of compensation received for provision of each such service and property. 27. Use by Government Aircraft. It will make available all of the facilities of the airport developed with Federal financial assistance and all those usable for landing and takeoff of aircraft to the United States for use by Government aircraft in common with other aircraft at all times without charge, except, if the use by Government aircraft is substantial, charge may be made for a reasonable share, proportional to such use, for the cost of operating and maintaining the facilities used. Unless otherwise determined by the Secretary, or otherwise agreed to by the sponsor and the using agency, substantial use of an airport by Government aircraft will be considered to exist when operations of such aircraft are in excess of those which, in the opinion of the Secretary, would unduly interfere with use of the landing areas by other authorized aircraft, or during any calendar month that: a. Five (5) or more Government aircraft are regularly based at the airport or on land adjacent thereto; or b. The total number of movements (counting each landing as a movement) of Government aircraft is 300 or more, or the gross accumulative weight of Government aircraft using the airport (the total movement of Government aircraft multiplied by gross weights of such aircraft) is in excess of five million pounds. 28. Land for Federal Facilities. It will furnish without cost to the Federal Government for use in connection with any air traffic control or air navigation activities, or weather-reporting and communication activities related to air traffic control, any areas of land or water, or estate therein as the Secretary considers necessary or desirable for construction, operation, and maintenance at Federal expense of space or facilities for AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 Airport Sponsor Assurances Page 14 of 19 such purposes. Such areas or any portion thereof will be made available as provided herein within four months after receipt of a written request from the Secretary. 29. Airport Layout Plan. a. The airport owner or operator will maintain a current airport layout plan of the airport showing: 1. boundaries of the airport and all proposed additions thereto, together with the boundaries of all offsite areas owned or controlled by the sponsor for airport purposes and proposed additions thereto; 2. the location and nature of all existing and proposed airport facilities and structures (such as runways, taxiways, aprons, terminal buildings, hangars and roads), including all proposed extensions and reductions of existing airport facilities; 3. the location of all existing and proposed non-aviation areas and of all existing improvements thereon; and 4. all proposed and existing access points used to taxi aircraft across the airport’s property boundary. b. Subject to subsection 49 U.S.C. 47107(x), the Secretary will review and approve or disapprove the plan and any revision or modification of the plan before the plan, revision, or modification takes effect. c. The owner or operator will not make or allow any alteration in the airport or any of its facilities unless the alteration— 1. is outside the scope of the Secretary’s review and approval authority as set forth in subsection (x); or 2. complies with the portions of the plan approved by the Secretary. d. When the airport owner or operator makes a change or alteration in the airport or the facilities which the Secretary determines adversely affects the safety, utility, or efficiency of any federally owned, leased, or funded property on or off the airport and which is not in conformity with the airport layout plan as approved by the Secretary, the owner or operator will, if requested, by the Secretary: 1. eliminate such adverse effect in a manner approved by the Secretary; or 2. bear all costs of relocating such property or its replacement to a site acceptable to the Secretary and of restoring the property or its replacement to the level of safety, utility, efficiency, and cost of operation that existed before the alteration was made, except in the case of a relocation or replacement of an existing airport facility due to a change in the Secretary’s design standards beyond the control of the airport sponsor. 30. Civil Rights. It will promptly take any measures necessary to ensure that no person in the United States shall, on the grounds of race, color, and national origin (including limited English proficiency) in accordance with the provisions of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d to 2000d-4); creed and sex per 49 U.S.C. 47123 and related requirements; age per the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 and related requirements; or disability per the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and related AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 Airport Sponsor Assurances Page 15 of 19 requirements, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be otherwise subjected to discrimination in any program and activity conducted with, or benefiting from, funds received from this Grant. a. Using the definitions of activity, facility, and program as found and defined in 49 CFR 21.23(b) and 21.23(e), the sponsor will facilitate all programs, operate all facilities, or conduct all programs in compliance with all non-discrimination requirements imposed by or pursuant to these assurances. b. Applicability 1. Programs and Activities. If the sponsor has received a grant (or other federal assistance) for any of the sponsor’s program or activities, these requirements extend to all of the sponsor’s programs and activities. 2. Facilities. Where it receives a grant or other federal financial assistance to construct, expand, renovate, remodel, alter, or acquire a facility, or part of a facility, the assurance extends to the entire facility and facilities operated in connection therewith. 3. Real Property. Where the sponsor receives a grant or other Federal financial assistance in the form of, or for the acquisition of real property or an interest in real property, the assurance will extend to rights to space on, over, or under such property. c. Duration. The sponsor agrees that it is obligated to this assurance for the period during which Federal financial assistance is extended to the program, except where the Federal financial assistance is to provide, or is in the form of, personal property, or real property, or interest therein, or structures or improvements thereon, in which case the assurance obligates the sponsor, or any transferee for the longer of the following periods: 1. So long as the airport is used as an airport, or for another purpose involving the provision of similar services or benefits; or 2. So long as the sponsor retains ownership or possession of the property. d. Required Solicitation Language. It will include the following notification in all solicitations for bids, Requests For Proposals for work, or material under this Grant Agreement and in all proposals for agreements, including airport concessions, regardless of funding source: “The (City of Renton), in accordance with the provisions of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d to 2000d-4) and the Regulations, hereby notifies all bidders or offerors that it will affirmatively ensure that for any contract entered into pursuant to this advertisement, all businesses will be afforded full and fair opportunity to submit bids in response to this invitation and no businesses will be discriminated against on the grounds of race, color, national origin (including limited English proficiency), creed, sex , age, or disability in consideration for an award.” e. Required Contract Provisions. 1. It will insert the non-discrimination contract clauses requiring compliance with the acts and regulations relative to non-discrimination in Federally-assisted programs of the Department of Transportation (DOT), and incorporating the acts and regulations into the AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 Airport Sponsor Assurances Page 16 of 19 contracts by reference in every contract or agreement subject to the non-discrimination in Federally-assisted programs of the DOT acts and regulations. 2. It will include a list of the pertinent non-discrimination authorities in every contract that is subject to the non-discrimination acts and regulations. 3. It will insert non-discrimination contract clauses as a covenant running with the land, in any deed from the United States effecting or recording a transfer of real property, structures, use, or improvements thereon or interest therein to a sponsor. 4. It will insert non-discrimination contract clauses prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin (including limited English proficiency), creed, sex, age, or disability as a covenant running with the land, in any future deeds, leases, license, permits, or similar instruments entered into by the sponsor with other parties: a. For the subsequent transfer of real property acquired or improved under the applicable activity, project, or program; and b. For the construction or use of, or access to, space on, over, or under real property acquired or improved under the applicable activity, project, or program. f. It will provide for such methods of administration for the program as are found by the Secretary to give reasonable guarantee that it, other recipients, sub-recipients, sub-grantees, contractors, subcontractors, consultants, transferees, successors in interest, and other participants of Federal financial assistance under such program will comply with all requirements imposed or pursuant to the acts, the regulations, and this assurance. g. It agrees that the United States has a right to seek judicial enforcement with regard to any matter arising under the acts, the regulations, and this assurance. 31. Disposal of Land. a. For land purchased under a grant for airport noise compatibility purposes, including land serving as a noise buffer, it will dispose of the land, when the land is no longer needed for such purposes, at fair market value, at the earliest practicable time. That portion of the proceeds of such disposition which is proportionate to the United States' share of acquisition of such land will be, at the discretion of the Secretary, (1) reinvested in another project at the airport, or (2) transferred to another eligible airport as prescribed by the Secretary. The Secretary shall give preference to the following, in descending order: 1. Reinvestment in an approved noise compatibility project; 2. Reinvestment in an approved project that is eligible for grant funding under 49 U.S.C. 47117(e); 3. Reinvestment in an approved airport development project that is eligible for grant funding under 49 U.S.C. 47114, 47115, or 47117; 4. Transfer to an eligible sponsor of another public airport to be reinvested in an approved noise compatibility project at that airport; or 5. Payment to the Secretary for deposit in the Airport and Airway Trust Fund. If land acquired under a grant for noise compatibility purposes is leased at fair market value and consistent with noise buffering purposes, the lease will not be considered a disposal of the AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 Airport Sponsor Assurances Page 17 of 19 land. Revenues derived from such a lease may be used for an approved airport development project that would otherwise be eligible for grant funding or any permitted use of airport revenue. b. For land purchased under a grant for airport development purposes (other than noise compatibility), it will, when the land is no longer needed for airport purposes, dispose of such land at fair market value or make available to the Secretary an amount equal to the United States' proportionate share of the fair market value of the land. That portion of the proceeds of such disposition which is proportionate to the United States' share of the cost of acquisition of such land will, upon application to the Secretary, be reinvested or transferred to another eligible airport as prescribed by the Secretary. The Secretary shall give preference to the following, in descending order: 1. Reinvestment in an approved noise compatibility project; 2. Reinvestment in an approved project that is eligible for grant funding under 49 U.S.C. 47117(e); 3. Reinvestment in an approved airport development project that is eligible for grant funding under 49 U.S.C. 47114, 47115, or 47117; 4. Transfer to an eligible sponsor of another public airport to be reinvested in an approved noise compatibility project at that airport; or 5. Payment to the Secretary for deposit in the Airport and Airway Trust Fund. c. Land shall be considered to be needed for airport purposes under this assurance if (1) it may be needed for aeronautical purposes (including runway protection zones) or serve as noise buffer land, and (2) the revenue from interim uses of such land contributes to the financial self-sufficiency of the airport. Further, land purchased with a grant received by an airport operator or owner before December 31, 1987, will be considered to be needed for airport purposes if the Secretary or Federal agency making such grant before December 31, 1987, was notified by the operator or owner of the uses of such land, did not object to such use, and the land continues to be used for that purpose, such use having commenced no later than December 15, 1989. d. Disposition of such land under (a), (b), or (c) will be subject to the retention or reservation of any interest or right therein necessary to ensure that such land will only be used for purposes which are compatible with noise levels associated with operation of the airport. 32. Engineering and Design Services. If any phase of such project has received Federal funds under Chapter 471 subchapter 1 of Title 49 U.S.C., it will award each contract, or sub-contract for program management, construction management, planning studies, feasibility studies, architectural services, preliminary engineering, design, engineering, surveying, mapping or related services in the same manner as a contract for architectural and engineering services is negotiated under Chapter 11 of Title 40 U S.C., or an equivalent qualifications-based requirement prescribed for or by the sponsor of the airport. 33. Foreign Market Restrictions. It will not allow funds provided under this Grant to be used to fund any project which uses any product or service of a foreign country during the period in which such foreign country is listed by AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 Airport Sponsor Assurances Page 18 of 19 the United States Trade Representative as denying fair and equitable market opportunities for products and suppliers of the United States in procurement and construction. 34. Policies, Standards, and Specifications. It will carry out any project funded under an Airport Improvement Program Grant in accordance with policies, standards, and specifications approved by the Secretary including, but not limited to, current FAA Advisory Circulars (https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/aip-pfc-checklist_0.pdf) for AIP projects as of September 01, 2025. 35. Relocation and Real Property Acquisition. a. It will be guided in acquiring real property, to the greatest extent practicable under State law, by the land acquisition policies in Subpart B of 49 CFR Part 24 and will pay or reimburse property owners for necessary expenses as specified in Subpart B. b. It will provide a relocation assistance program offering the services described in Subpart C of 49 CFR Part 24 and fair and reasonable relocation payments and assistance to displaced persons as required in Subpart D and E of 49 CFR Part 24. c. It will make available within a reasonable period of time prior to displacement, comparable replacement dwellings to displaced persons in accordance with Subpart E of 49 CFR Part 24. 36. Access By Intercity Buses. The airport owner or operator will permit, to the maximum extent practicable, intercity buses or other modes of transportation to have access to the airport; however, it has no obligation to fund special facilities for intercity buses or for other modes of transportation. 37. Disadvantaged Business Enterprises. The sponsor shall not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, or sex, in the award and performance of any DOT-assisted contract covered by 49 CFR Part 26, or in the award and performance of any concession activity contract covered by 49 CFR Part 23. In addition, the sponsor shall not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin or sex in the administration of its Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) and Airport Concessions Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (ACDBE) programs or the requirements of 49 CFR Parts 23 and 26. The sponsor shall take all necessary and reasonable steps under 49 CFR Parts 23 and 26 to ensure nondiscrimination in the award and administration of DOT-assisted contracts, and/or concession contracts. The sponsor’s DBE and ACDBE programs, as required by 49 CFR Parts 26 and 23, and as approved by DOT, are incorporated by reference in this agreement. Implementation of these programs is a legal obligation and failure to carry out its terms shall be treated as a violation of this agreement. Upon notification to the sponsor of its failure to carry out its approved program, the Department may impose sanctions as provided for under Parts 26 and 23 and may, in appropriate cases, refer the matter for enforcement under 18 U.S.C. § 1001 and/or the Program Fraud Civil Remedies Act of 1986 (31 U.S.C. §§ 3801-3809, 3812). 38. Hangar Construction. If the airport owner or operator and a person who owns an aircraft agree that a hangar is to be constructed at the airport for the aircraft at the aircraft owner’s expense, the airport owner or operator will grant to the aircraft owner for the hangar a long term lease that is subject to such terms and conditions on the hangar as the airport owner or operator may impose. AGENDA ITEM #8. h) 3-53-0055-033-2025 Airport Sponsor Assurances Page 19 of 19 39. Competitive Access. a. If the airport owner or operator of a medium or large hub airport (as defined in 49 U.S.C. § 47102) has been unable to accommodate one or more requests by an air carrier for access to gates or other facilities at that airport in order to allow the air carrier to provide service to the airport or to expand service at the airport, the airport owner or operator shall transmit a report to the Secretary that: 1. Describes the requests; 2. Provides an explanation as to why the requests could not be accommodated; and 3. Provides a time frame within which, if any, the airport will be able to accommodate the requests. b. Such report shall be due on either February 1 or August 1 of each year if the airport has been unable to accommodate the request(s) in the six-month period prior to the applicable due date. 40. Access to Leaded Aviation Gasoline a. If 100-octane low lead aviation gasoline (100LL) was made available at an airport, at any time during calendar year 2022, an airport owner or operator may not restrict or prohibit the sale of, or self-fueling with 100-octane low lead aviation gasoline. b. This requirement remains until the earlier of December 31, 2030, or the date on which the airport or any retail fuel seller at the airport makes available an unleaded aviation gasoline that has been authorized for use by the FAA as a replacement for 100-octane low lead aviation gasoline for use in nearly all piston-engine aircraft and engine models; and meets either an industry consensus standard or other standard that facilitates the safe use, production, and distribution of such unleaded aviation gasoline, as determined appropriate by the FAA. c. An airport owner or operator understands and agrees, that any violation of this grant assurance is subject to civil penalties as provided for in 49 U.S.C. § 46301(a)(8). AGENDA ITEM #8. h) AB - 3915 City Council Regular Meeting - 08 Sep 2025 SUBJECT/TITLE: Bid Award to Scarsella Bros. Inc., for the Taxiway A Rehabilitation Project CAG-25-098 RECOMMENDED ACTION: Council Concur DEPARTMENT: Public Works Airport STAFF CONTACT: William Adams, Principal Engineer EXT.: 206-775-6862 FISCAL IMPACT SUMMARY: The fiscal impact of the contract with Scarsella Bros., Inc. for the Taxiway Alpha Rehabilitation Project is not to exceed $18,960,797.06, which includes $896,732.66 of new pavement on Boeing leased area adjacent to the new taxiway pavement. The full cost of this contract will be funded by two FAA grants, one WSDOT grant, two 2026 FAA Programmatic Grants, $896,732.66 from Boeing, and the balance will come from the Airport CIP Taxiway Alpha Rehab account 422.725114 . Current Airport CIP Taxiway Alpha Rehab Budget balance is $3,529,557. 2025 Funding: (Total grant revenue = $17,438,914) This consists of two grants for this project in 2025 totaling $17,159,212 from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). (AIP-034 Grant = $15,996,212, AIG-035 Grant = $1,163,000), and WSDOT/Aviation has awarded the City of Renton one grant for this project totaling $279,702. 2026 Funding: (Total grant revenue = $432,000 from annual funding awarded to the city from the FAA) The total cost to the City of Renton including grant matching funds will be $3,045,631 and will be funded by the Airport CIP account 422.725114 Taxiway Alpha Rehab. The total project has an adjusted 2025 balance of $3,529,557. SUMMARY OF ACTION: On August 4, 2025, the City Council rejected all bids for the Taxiway Alpha Project (AB – 3903) and granted staff approval to rebid the project in order to meet the FAA timeline for 2025 AIP grant awards. The Airport is seeking General Contracting services to replace end of life pavement for the full length of Taxiway Alpha, connector taxiways A1 through A7, replace Taxiway Alpha edge lighting with LED system, replace/update Taxiway Alpha signage. These projects came out of the Renton Airport Layout Plan update which was completed in 2022. The city again solicited bids for work associated with the installation and replacement of airport facilities as listed above and four bid proposals were received on August 20, 2025. The apparent low bidder Scarsella Brothers Construction was evaluated in the attached Bid Proposal Assessment. The contractor is determined to be qualified and has performed similar work on other airports in the region. The bid award AGENDA ITEM #8. i) recommendation meets the criteria of a responsible bidder as defined in RCW 39.04.350, and Renton City Policy 250-02. There were no irregularities with the low bid and there is sufficient funding for the award of the construction contract with the FAA grants being considered on the City Council Agenda on Sept. 8, 2025. Staff is recommending Award Schedule 3 which includes schedules A-K of the bids contained in the attached bids tabs. This also includes two schedules (E & J) associated with work for Boeing as contained in their Notice of Intent to negotiate a reimbursement agreement with the city for the work on their leased areas. Once we have an agreement for proposed work with Boeing staff will bring that agreement back to City Council for approval. EXHIBITS: A. Bid tabulation B. Bid Proposal Assessment C. Letter of Intent from Boeing STAFF RECOMMENDATION: Award construction contract CAG-25-098 toScarsella Bros., Inc. for the Taxiway A Rehabilitation Project and authorize the mayor and city clerk to execute the construction contract in the amount of $18,960,797.06. AGENDA ITEM #8. i) AWARD ALTERNATIVE ENGINEER'S ESTIMATE SCARSELLA BROTHERS, INC. ACTIVE CONSTRUCTION PIVETTA BROTHERS CONSTRUCTION, INC. CECCANTI AWARD ALTERNATIVE 1 (Base Bid Schedules A + B + G + H)$17,401,038.86 $16,003,045.48 $17,120,484.68 $17,152,871.75 $21,613,031.31 AWARD ALTERNATIVE 2 (Base Bid + Schedule D)$18,132,327.86 $16,524,478.80 $17,465,017.76 $17,732,503.76 $22,162,876.81 AWARD ALTERNATIVE 3 (Base Bid + Schedules D + F + K)$19,303,851.74 $17,160,663.83 $18,199,739.85 $18,408,395.97 $22,841,547.20 TOTAL FOR ALL BID SCHEDULES (Schedules A + B + C + D + E + F + G + H + I + J + K) *Award alternative 3, plus sum of all non-AIP bid schedules $21,169,998.15 $18,960,797.06 $19,719,979.94 $20,090,170.13 $24,270,174.86 BID TAB SUMMARY BID TABULTATION - SUMMARY AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . i ) Project Taxiway A Rehabilitation City of Renton BID DATE:8/20/2025 Engineers Estimate Item No. Description Unit Quantity Unit Price Bid Amount Unit Price Bid Amount Unit Price Bid Amount Unit Price Bid Amount Unit Price Bid Amount Unit Price Bid Amount Schedule A 1 LS 1 340,000.00 340,000.00 $237,500.00 $237,500.00 $425,000.00 $425,000.00 $50,000.00 $50,000.00 $350,000.00 $350,000.00 $400,000.00 $400,000.00 2 LS 1 70,000.00 70,000.00 $287,500.00 $287,500.00 $535,000.00 $535,000.00 $40,000.00 $40,000.00 $85,000.00 $85,000.00 $400,000.00 $400,000.00 3 EA 63 175.00 11,025.00 $96.50 $6,079.50 $125.00 $7,875.00 $68.00 $4,284.00 $82.50 $5,197.50 $100.00 $6,300.00 4 LF 5623 10.00 56,230.00 $5.00 $28,115.00 $4.00 $22,492.00 $6.00 $33,738.00 $5.75 $32,332.25 $8.00 $44,984.00 5 SY 43 20.00 860.00 $20.00 $860.00 $35.00 $1,505.00 $5.00 $215.00 $55.00 $2,365.00 $5.00 $215.00 6 EA 5 3,500.00 17,500.00 $11,250.00 $56,250.00 $7,500.00 $37,500.00 $15,000.00 $75,000.00 $11,355.00 $56,775.00 $22,000.00 $110,000.00 7 LF 245 18.00 4,410.00 $7.50 $1,837.50 $8.00 $1,960.00 $7.00 $1,715.00 $10.25 $2,511.25 $7.00 $1,715.00 8 EA 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 $3,525.00 $3,525.00 $6,050.00 $6,050.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $2,375.00 $2,375.00 $8,500.00 $8,500.00 9 LS 1 100,000.00 100,000.00 $370,000.00 $370,000.00 $680,000.00 $680,000.00 $60,000.00 $60,000.00 $136,105.00 $136,105.00 $850,000.00 $850,000.00 10 LS 1 802,000.00 802,000.00 $885,000.00 $885,000.00 $870,000.00 $870,000.00 $900,000.00 $900,000.00 $650,000.00 $650,000.00 $900,000.00 $900,000.00 11 LS 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 $185,263.73 $185,263.73 $141,500.00 $141,500.00 $229,027.45 $229,027.45 $17,050.00 $17,050.00 $800,000.00 $800,000.00 12 LS 1 275,000.00 275,000.00 $155,000.00 $155,000.00 $160,000.00 $160,000.00 $150,000.00 $150,000.00 $158,000.00 $158,000.00 $350,000.00 $350,000.00 13 SY 23700 7.00 165,900.00 $12.08 $286,177.50 $10.15 $240,555.00 $14.00 $331,800.00 $10.75 $254,775.00 $14.00 $331,800.00 14 SY 2750 15.00 41,250.00 $22.50 $61,875.00 $18.50 $50,875.00 $26.50 $72,875.00 $14.60 $40,150.00 $26.00 $71,500.00 15 SY 8595 10.00 85,950.00 $6.88 $59,090.63 $4.75 $40,826.25 $9.00 $77,355.00 $7.80 $67,041.00 $4.00 $34,380.00 16 SY 2608 12.00 31,296.00 $8.68 $22,624.40 $7.35 $19,168.80 $10.00 $26,080.00 $9.00 $23,472.00 $7.00 $18,256.00 17 SY 1120 8.25 9,240.00 $3.50 $3,920.00 $6.00 $6,720.00 $1.00 $1,120.00 $9.00 $10,080.00 $2.00 $2,240.00 18 SY 960 15.00 14,400.00 $45.00 $43,200.00 $35.00 $33,600.00 $55.00 $52,800.00 $74.00 $71,040.00 $90.00 $86,400.00 19 FA 1 15,000.00 15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 20 LS 1 46,000.00 46,000.00 $4,150.00 $4,150.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $3,300.00 $3,300.00 $2,500.00 $2,500.00 $57,000.00 $57,000.00 21 EA 43 800.00 34,400.00 $650.00 $27,950.00 $600.00 $25,800.00 $700.00 $30,100.00 $865.00 $37,195.00 $700.00 $30,100.00 22 CY 6520 50.00 326,000.00 $52.50 $342,300.00 $25.00 $163,000.00 $80.00 $521,600.00 $62.45 $407,174.00 $76.00 $495,520.00 23 CY 5120 30.00 153,600.00 $34.25 $175,360.00 $20.00 $102,400.00 $48.50 $248,320.00 $46.20 $236,544.00 $70.00 $358,400.00 24 CY 910 15.00 13,650.00 $58.00 $52,780.00 $5.00 $4,550.00 $111.00 $101,010.00 $4.25 $3,867.50 $8.00 $7,280.00 25 CY 2860 50.00 143,000.00 $48.50 $138,710.00 $45.00 $128,700.00 $52.00 $148,720.00 $58.35 $166,881.00 $50.00 $143,000.00 26 CY 410 160.00 65,600.00 $250.50 $102,705.00 $236.00 $96,760.00 $265.00 $108,650.00 $215.00 $88,150.00 $200.00 $82,000.00 27 CY 1175 50.00 58,750.00 $46.50 $54,637.50 $45.00 $52,875.00 $48.00 $56,400.00 $51.25 $60,218.75 $80.00 $94,000.00 28 CY 1910 100.00 191,000.00 $98.75 $188,612.50 $82.50 $157,575.00 $115.00 $219,650.00 $77.75 $148,502.50 $80.00 $152,800.00 29 LS 1 125,000.00 125,000.00 $20,250.00 $20,250.00 $10,500.00 $10,500.00 $30,000.00 $30,000.00 $22,000.00 $22,000.00 $37,000.00 $37,000.00 30 CY 7300 75.00 547,500.00 $91.20 $665,760.00 $96.40 $703,720.00 $86.00 $627,800.00 $106.50 $777,450.00 $120.00 $876,000.00 31 CY 960 85.00 81,600.00 $111.20 $106,752.00 $90.40 $86,784.00 $132.00 $126,720.00 $98.00 $94,080.00 $90.00 $86,400.00 32 SY 33460 3.00 100,380.00 $1.73 $57,718.50 $1.45 $48,517.00 $2.00 $66,920.00 $2.00 $66,920.00 $3.00 $100,380.00 33 SY 5700 4.00 22,800.00 $3.33 $18,952.50 $2.65 $15,105.00 $4.00 $22,800.00 $5.00 $28,500.00 $5.00 $28,500.00 34 TON 8640 165.00 1,425,600.00 $167.00 $1,442,880.00 $164.00 $1,416,960.00 $170.00 $1,468,800.00 $174.00 $1,503,360.00 $165.00 $1,425,600.00 35 TON 100 300.00 30,000.00 $300.00 $30,000.00 $250.00 $25,000.00 $350.00 $35,000.00 $265.00 $26,500.00 $250.00 $25,000.00 36 TON 8780 165.00 1,448,700.00 $156.50 $1,374,070.00 $143.00 $1,255,540.00 $170.00 $1,492,600.00 $152.00 $1,334,560.00 $145.00 $1,273,100.00 37 TON 20 220.00 4,400.00 $300.00 $6,000.00 $320.00 $6,400.00 $280.00 $5,600.00 $315.00 $6,300.00 $300.00 $6,000.00 38 TON 3 200.00 600.00 $645.00 $1,935.00 $1,000.00 $3,000.00 $290.00 $870.00 $1,735.00 $5,205.00 $320.00 $960.00 39 TON 3 180.00 540.00 $887.50 $2,662.50 $1,605.00 $4,815.00 $170.00 $510.00 $1,735.00 $5,205.00 $320.00 $960.00 40 TON 14 55.00 770.00 $112.50 $1,575.00 $150.00 $2,100.00 $75.00 $1,050.00 $385.00 $5,390.00 $100.00 $1,400.00 41 SY 20 200.00 4,000.00 $241.00 $4,820.00 $200.00 $4,000.00 $282.00 $5,640.00 $315.00 $6,300.00 $120.00 $2,400.00 42 LF 15 65.00 975.00 $172.50 $2,587.50 $150.00 $2,250.00 $195.00 $2,925.00 $250.00 $3,750.00 $120.00 $1,800.00 43 LF 10 45.00 450.00 $246.00 $2,460.00 $200.00 $2,000.00 $292.00 $2,920.00 $370.00 $3,700.00 $120.00 $1,200.00 44 TON 35 600.00 21,000.00 $975.00 $34,125.00 $1,000.00 $35,000.00 $950.00 $33,250.00 $1,005.00 $35,175.00 $1,000.00 $35,000.00 45 SY 110 230.00 25,300.00 $252.50 $27,775.00 $225.00 $24,750.00 $280.00 $30,800.00 $275.00 $30,250.00 $200.00 $22,000.00 46 SF 1120 2.00 2,240.00 $3.63 $4,060.00 $3.50 $3,920.00 $3.75 $4,200.00 $3.80 $4,256.00 $10.00 $11,200.00 47 SF 11480 1.50 17,220.00 $1.83 $20,951.00 $1.65 $18,942.00 $2.00 $22,960.00 $1.80 $20,664.00 $2.00 $22,960.00 48 SF 5660 2.00 11,320.00 $1.93 $10,895.50 $1.85 $10,471.00 $2.00 $11,320.00 $2.00 $11,320.00 $2.00 $11,320.00 49 SF 14000 2.25 31,500.00 $2.00 $28,000.00 $2.00 $28,000.00 $2.00 $28,000.00 $2.15 $30,100.00 $2.00 $28,000.00 50 LF 10 4.00 40.00 $10.50 $105.00 $10.00 $100.00 $11.00 $110.00 $11.00 $110.00 $10.00 $100.00 51 LF 299 150.00 44,850.00 $134.00 $40,066.00 $125.00 $37,375.00 $143.00 $42,757.00 $137.50 $41,112.50 $300.00 $89,700.00 52 LF 1396 170.00 237,320.00 $174.50 $243,602.00 $180.00 $251,280.00 $169.00 $235,924.00 $265.00 $369,940.00 $300.00 $418,800.00 53 LF 1033 12.00 12,396.00 $58.00 $59,914.00 $25.00 $25,825.00 $91.00 $94,003.00 $22.00 $22,726.00 $100.00 $103,300.00 54 EA 12 1,500.00 18,000.00 $1,575.00 $18,900.00 $1,500.00 $18,000.00 $1,650.00 $19,800.00 $1,100.00 $13,200.00 $1,500.00 $18,000.00 55 LF 316 10.00 3,160.00 $31.50 $9,954.00 $25.00 $7,900.00 $38.00 $12,008.00 $41.50 $13,114.00 $80.00 $25,280.00 56 EA 4 1,200.00 4,800.00 $2,175.00 $8,700.00 $2,500.00 $10,000.00 $1,850.00 $7,400.00 $3,225.00 $12,900.00 $1,000.00 $4,000.00 57A FA 1 75,000.00 75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 57B LF 689 56.00 38,584.00 $13.00 $8,957.00 $20.00 $13,780.00 $6.00 $4,134.00 $16.50 $11,368.50 $20.00 $13,780.00 58 LF 4031 70.00 282,170.00 $43.38 $174,844.63 $26.75 $107,829.25 $60.00 $241,860.00 $50.35 $202,960.85 $53.00 $213,643.00 59 EA 60 1,000.00 60,000.00 $1,130.00 $67,800.00 $1,270.00 $76,200.00 $990.00 $59,400.00 $620.00 $37,200.00 $1,000.00 $60,000.00 60 LF 683 50.00 34,150.00 $65.88 $44,992.63 $26.75 $18,270.25 $105.00 $71,715.00 $56.00 $38,248.00 $53.00 $36,199.00 61 EA 12 350.00 4,200.00 $640.00 $7,680.00 $800.00 $9,600.00 $480.00 $5,760.00 $1,005.00 $12,060.00 $800.00 $9,600.00 62 EA 18 10,000.00 180,000.00 $1,732.50 $31,185.00 $2,165.00 $38,970.00 $1,300.00 $23,400.00 $2,185.00 $39,330.00 $1,700.00 $30,600.00 63 EA 1 40,000.00 40,000.00 $7,525.00 $7,525.00 $8,050.00 $8,050.00 $7,000.00 $7,000.00 $12,500.00 $12,500.00 $8,000.00 $8,000.00 64 EA 2 550.00 1,100.00 $1,532.50 $3,065.00 $2,000.00 $4,000.00 $1,065.00 $2,130.00 $2,750.00 $5,500.00 $1,500.00 $3,000.00 65 EA 2 400.00 800.00 $1,190.00 $2,380.00 $1,500.00 $3,000.00 $880.00 $1,760.00 $2,750.00 $5,500.00 $1,500.00 $3,000.00 66 LS 1 50,000.00 50,000.00 $34,575.00 $34,575.00 $21,650.00 $21,650.00 $47,500.00 $47,500.00 $90,000.00 $90,000.00 $30,000.00 $30,000.00 67 LF 1410 4.00 5,640.00 $3.41 $4,801.05 $2.56 $3,609.60 $4.25 $5,992.50 $4.30 $6,063.00 $3.00 $4,230.00 68 LF 13345 4.00 53,380.00 $2.15 $28,691.75 $1.80 $24,021.00 $2.50 $33,362.50 $2.50 $33,362.50 $2.00 $26,690.00 69 EA 1 30,000.00 30,000.00 $18,737.50 $18,737.50 $15,725.00 $15,725.00 $21,750.00 $21,750.00 $21,700.00 $21,700.00 $17,000.00 $17,000.00 70 EA 1 80,000.00 80,000.00 $11,400.00 $11,400.00 $12,800.00 $12,800.00 $10,000.00 $10,000.00 $9,965.00 $9,965.00 $20,000.00 $20,000.00 71 LF 1070 35.00 37,450.00 $31.90 $34,133.00 $25.30 $27,071.00 $38.50 $41,195.00 $38.25 $40,927.50 $28.00 $29,960.00 72 LF 180 55.00 9,900.00 $67.40 $12,132.00 $56.30 $10,134.00 $78.50 $14,130.00 $78.00 $14,040.00 $60.00 $10,800.00 73 LF 160 65.00 10,400.00 $74.15 $11,864.00 $62.80 $10,048.00 $85.50 $13,680.00 $84.80 $13,568.00 $68.00 $10,880.00 74 EA 1 20,000.00 20,000.00 $12,870.00 $12,870.00 $12,440.00 $12,440.00 $13,300.00 $13,300.00 $1,635.00 $1,635.00 $14,000.00 $14,000.00 75 EA 2 2,000.00 4,000.00 $1,201.00 $2,402.00 $1,526.00 $3,052.00 $876.00 $1,752.00 $865.00 $1,730.00 $2,600.00 $5,200.00 76 EA 65 750.00 48,750.00 $761.50 $49,497.50 $548.00 $35,620.00 $975.00 $63,375.00 $970.00 $63,050.00 $600.00 $39,000.00 77 EA 7 1,400.00 9,800.00 $1,693.50 $11,854.50 $1,662.00 $11,634.00 $1,725.00 $12,075.00 $1,705.00 $11,935.00 $1,800.00 $12,600.00 78 EA 12 2,200.00 26,400.00 $2,338.00 $28,056.00 $2,026.00 $24,312.00 $2,650.00 $31,800.00 $2,610.00 $31,320.00 $2,200.00 $26,400.00 79 EA 3 3,500.00 10,500.00 $4,696.50 $14,089.50 $4,393.00 $13,179.00 $5,000.00 $15,000.00 $5,015.00 $15,045.00 $5,700.00 $17,100.00 80 EA 3 8,000.00 24,000.00 $3,844.00 $11,532.00 $3,388.00 $10,164.00 $4,300.00 $12,900.00 $4,300.00 $12,900.00 $3,700.00 $11,100.00 Pivetta Brothers Construction Ceccanti INSTALL NEW L-861T(L) LED TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHT WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER AND INSTALL NEW L-852T(L) LED IN-PAVEMENT TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHT WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER INSTALL NEW SIZE 2, 1 MODULE LED AIRFIELD GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION INSTALL NEW 7.5 KW FERRORESONANT CONSTANT CURRENT REGULATOR IN AIRFIELD LIGHTING VAULT AIRFIELD LIGHTING VAULT SPACE UTILITIZATION IMPROVEMENTS (1) 2" PVC SCH 40, DIRECT BURIED (1) 2" PVC SCH 40, CONCRETE ENCASED (2) 2" PVC SCH 40, CONCRETE ENCASED INSTALL NEW AIRCRAFT LOAD RATED CONCRETE HANDHOLE SALVAGE EXISTING IN-PAVEMENT L-850C RUNWAY EDGE LIGHT AND REINSTALL ON EXISTING L-868 INSTALL NEW L-861T(L) LED TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHT WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER AND INSTALL NEW L-861T(L) LED TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHT WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER AND 6-INCH UNDERDRAIN OUTFALL PIPE REMOVE EXISTING CATCH BASIN CB TYPE 1 CB TYPE 2 - 48" AIRCRAFT RATED ADJUST STRUCTURE TO GRADE (PAVEMENT) ADJUST STRUCTURE TO GRADE (GRASS INFIELD) AIRFIELD ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DEMOLITION AND SALVAGE BARE #6 CU COUNTERPOISE CABLE INSTALLED IN TRENCH OR BORE INCLUDING GROUND RODS NEW L-824 TYPE C #8, 5 KV CABLE INSTALLED IN EXISTING OR NEW CONDUIT 12-INCH DUCTILE IRON PIPE REMOVE EXISTING STORM DRAINAGE PIPE CONNECT TO EXISTING STORM STRUCTURE ABANDON EXISTING STORM DRAINAGE PIPE CONNECT EXISTING PIPE TO NEW STRUCTURE TRENCHLESS PIPE REPAIR REMOVE PIPE SEDIMENT 6-INCH CONVENTIONAL UNDERDRAIN UNDERDRAIN CLEANOUT CEMENT CONC. GUTTER EMULSIFIED ASPHALT TACK COAT CONCRETE FOR TRANSITION SLABS PAVEMENT MARKING REMOVAL INITIAL MARKINGS PERMANENT MARKINGS REFLECTIVE PERMANENT MARKINGS PAINT LINE 12-INCH REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE ASPHALT SURFACE COURSE ASPHALT LEVELING COURSE ASPHALT BASE COURSE HMA CL. 1/2 IN. PG 58H-22 FOR FINAL TRENCH PATCH COMMERCIAL HMA FOR TEMPORARY TRENCH PATCH (2-IN. MIN.) 2-IN. HMA CL. 1/2 IN. PG 58H-22 FOR OVERLAY CRUSHED SURFACING TOP COURSE CEMENT CONC. SIDEWALK CEMENT CONC. CURB AND GUTTER UNSUITABLE EXCAVATION CONTAMINATED SOIL REMOVAL AND DISPOSAL STRIPPING QUARRY SPALLS DEWATERING CRUSHED AGGREGATE BASE COURSE CHOKE STONE SEPARATION GEOTEXTILE BIAXIAL GEOGRID COLD MILLING - VARIABLE DEPTH (4 INCH NOMINAL) OVERLAY BASE PREPARATION TRENCH UNDERLAYMENT REMOVAL AND RESTORATION CRACK SEALING TRENCH EXCAVATION SAFETY SYSTEMS UTILITY POTHOLING UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION - WITH PCC UNDERLAYMENT UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION - WITHOUT PCC UNDERLAYMENT EMBANKMENT IN PLACE Scarsella Bros., Inc.AVERAGE BID Active Construction CONTRACTOR QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM (CQCP) FOD PREVENTION CONTROLS CATCH BASIN PROTECTION INTERCEPTER BERM EROSION CONTROL BLANKET WHEEL WASH SILT FENCE SEDIMENT TRAP CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND PHASING MOBILIZATION TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL CONSTRUCTION STAKING ASPHALT PAVEMENT REMOVAL - 1 TO 8 INCH THICKNESS ASPHALT PAVEMENT REMOVAL - 8 TO 14 INCH THICKNESS COLD MILLING - VARIABLE DEPTH (2 INCH NOMINAL) BID TABULATION - UNIT PRICES AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . i ) 81 EA 3 10,000.00 30,000.00 $4,825.00 $14,475.00 $3,850.00 $11,550.00 $5,800.00 $17,400.00 $5,755.00 $17,265.00 $4,200.00 $12,600.00 82 EA 4 12,500.00 50,000.00 $6,641.00 $26,564.00 $5,357.00 $21,428.00 $7,925.00 $31,700.00 $7,850.00 $31,400.00 $5,800.00 $23,200.00 83 EA 1 14,500.00 14,500.00 $8,705.50 $8,705.50 $9,111.00 $9,111.00 $8,300.00 $8,300.00 $8,250.00 $8,250.00 $11,000.00 $11,000.00 84 AC 2.2 12,500.00 27,500.00 $8,250.00 $18,150.00 $12,500.00 $27,500.00 $4,000.00 $8,800.00 $13,500.00 $29,700.00 $6,000.00 $13,200.00 85 AC 3.3 15,000.00 49,500.00 $3,350.00 $11,055.00 $2,500.00 $8,250.00 $4,200.00 $13,860.00 $2,700.00 $8,910.00 $3,000.00 $9,900.00 86 CY 885 60.00 53,100.00 $47.50 $42,037.50 $25.00 $22,125.00 $70.00 $61,950.00 $70.00 $61,950.00 $110.00 $97,350.00 87 LF 52 190.00 9,880.00 $276.10 $14,357.20 $288.20 $14,986.40 $264.00 $13,728.00 $192.00 $9,984.00 $350.00 $18,200.00 88 LS 1 16,000.00 16,000.00 $60,000.00 $60,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $45,000.00 $45,000.00 $64,915.00 $64,915.00 $60,000.00 $60,000.00 89 EA 1 700.00 700.00 $1,075.00 $1,075.00 $1,350.00 $1,350.00 $800.00 $800.00 $1,375.00 $1,375.00 $1,200.00 $1,200.00 90 EA 1 1,000.00 1,000.00 $2,070.00 $2,070.00 $3,250.00 $3,250.00 $890.00 $890.00 $3,850.00 $3,850.00 $3,700.00 $3,700.00 91 EA 3 6,500.00 19,500.00 $5,150.00 $15,450.00 $3,000.00 $9,000.00 $7,300.00 $21,900.00 $6,500.00 $19,500.00 $2,400.00 $7,200.00 92 EA 1 5,000.00 5,000.00 $10,875.00 $10,875.00 $11,750.00 $11,750.00 $10,000.00 $10,000.00 $13,755.00 $13,755.00 $14,000.00 $14,000.00 93 EA 1 5,000.00 5,000.00 $11,575.00 $11,575.00 $13,000.00 $13,000.00 $10,150.00 $10,150.00 $13,775.00 $13,775.00 $14,000.00 $14,000.00 94 EA 2 12,000.00 24,000.00 $7,625.00 $15,250.00 $8,650.00 $17,300.00 $6,600.00 $13,200.00 $7,650.00 $15,300.00 $6,300.00 $12,600.00 95 EA 4 1,000.00 4,000.00 $1,400.00 $5,600.00 $1,000.00 $4,000.00 $1,800.00 $7,200.00 $1,835.00 $7,340.00 $1,380.00 $5,520.00 96 EA 3 5,500.00 16,500.00 $2,125.00 $6,375.00 $2,250.00 $6,750.00 $2,000.00 $6,000.00 $4,250.00 $12,750.00 $1,340.00 $4,020.00 97 EA 6 8,000.00 48,000.00 $2,850.00 $17,100.00 $3,000.00 $18,000.00 $2,700.00 $16,200.00 $4,250.00 $25,500.00 $2,400.00 $14,400.00 Subtotal A 8,824,926.00 $9,032,273.02 8,955,050.55 9,109,495.45 8,776,816.60 11,557,622.00 Tax 10.3% 908,967.38 930,324.12 922,370.21 938,278.03 904,012.11 1,190,435.07 Total A 9,733,893.38 $9,962,597.14 9,877,420.76 10,047,773.48 9,680,828.71 12,748,057.07 Schedule B 98 LS 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 $13,000.00 $13,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 99 LS 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 $13,000.00 $13,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 100 LS 1 62,000.00 62,000.00 $38,000.00 $38,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $38,500.00 $38,500.00 $500.00 $500.00 101 LS 1 17,000.00 17,000.00 $9,500.00 $9,500.00 $10,000.00 $10,000.00 $9,000.00 $9,000.00 $9,150.00 $9,150.00 $8,000.00 $8,000.00 102 SY 120 7.00 840.00 $23.00 $2,760.00 $30.00 $3,600.00 $16.00 $1,920.00 $36.00 $4,320.00 $14.00 $1,680.00 103 SY 9,530 12.00 114,360.00 $8.63 $82,196.25 $8.25 $78,622.50 $9.00 $85,770.00 $9.75 $92,917.50 $7.00 $66,710.00 104 SY 7,150 8.25 58,987.50 $3.50 $25,025.00 $6.00 $42,900.00 $1.00 $7,150.00 $7.50 $53,625.00 $2.00 $14,300.00 105 TON 2,310 165.00 381,150.00 $167.00 $385,770.00 $164.00 $378,840.00 $170.00 $392,700.00 $174.00 $401,940.00 $165.00 $381,150.00 106 TON 15 300.00 4,500.00 $300.00 $4,500.00 $250.00 $3,750.00 $350.00 $5,250.00 $265.00 $3,975.00 $250.00 $3,750.00 107 TON 5.6 600.00 3,360.00 $975.00 $5,460.00 $1,000.00 $5,600.00 $950.00 $5,320.00 $1,060.00 $5,936.00 $1,000.00 $5,600.00 108 SF 3,390 1.50 5,085.00 $1.83 $6,186.75 $1.65 $5,593.50 $2.00 $6,780.00 $1.85 $6,271.50 $2.00 $6,780.00 109 SF 4,600 2.25 10,350.00 $2.00 $9,200.00 $2.00 $9,200.00 $2.00 $9,200.00 $2.25 $10,350.00 $2.00 $9,200.00 110 LF 399 150.00 59,850.00 $175.25 $69,924.75 $215.50 $85,984.50 $135.00 $53,865.00 $205.00 $81,795.00 $300.00 $119,700.00 111 LF 198 170.00 33,660.00 $207.13 $41,010.75 $244.25 $48,361.50 $170.00 $33,660.00 $190.00 $37,620.00 $300.00 $59,400.00 112 EA 3 1,200.00 3,600.00 $1,650.00 $4,950.00 $1,500.00 $4,500.00 $1,800.00 $5,400.00 $2,585.00 $7,755.00 $1,000.00 $3,000.00 113 EA 8 20,000.00 160,000.00 $16,500.00 $132,000.00 $23,000.00 $184,000.00 $10,000.00 $80,000.00 $19,500.00 $156,000.00 $9,000.00 $72,000.00 114 EA 2 35,000.00 70,000.00 $8,500.00 $17,000.00 $11,000.00 $22,000.00 $6,000.00 $12,000.00 $7,405.00 $14,810.00 $8,000.00 $16,000.00 Subtotal B 1,004,742.50 $859,483.50 $1,007,952.00 $711,015.00 $934,965.00 $768,770.00 Tax 10.3% 103,488.48 88,526.80 103,819.06 73,234.55 96,301.40 79,183.31 Total B 1,108,230.98 $948,010.30 $1,111,771.06 $784,249.55 $1,031,266.40 $847,953.31 Schedule C 115 LS 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 $5,500.00 $5,500.00 $10,000.00 $10,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 116 LS 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 $5,500.00 $5,500.00 $10,000.00 $10,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 117 LS 1 55,000.00 55,000.00 $15,500.00 $15,500.00 $30,000.00 $30,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $37,500.00 $37,500.00 $500.00 $500.00 118 LS 1 17,000.00 17,000.00 $8,350.00 $8,350.00 $10,000.00 $10,000.00 $6,700.00 $6,700.00 $6,800.00 $6,800.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 119 SY 680 7.00 4,760.00 $22.50 $15,300.00 $30.00 $20,400.00 $15.00 $10,200.00 $11.75 $7,990.00 $14.00 $9,520.00 120 SY 6,860 12.00 82,320.00 $9.23 $63,283.50 $9.45 $64,827.00 $9.00 $61,740.00 $9.50 $65,170.00 $7.00 $48,020.00 121 SY 5,140 8.25 42,405.00 $3.50 $17,990.00 $6.00 $30,840.00 $1.00 $5,140.00 $7.50 $38,550.00 $2.00 $10,280.00 122 TON 1,810 165.00 298,650.00 $172.50 $312,225.00 $175.00 $316,750.00 $170.00 $307,700.00 $174.00 $314,940.00 $165.00 $298,650.00 123 TON 5 300.00 1,500.00 $325.00 $1,625.00 $300.00 $1,500.00 $350.00 $1,750.00 $265.00 $1,325.00 $250.00 $1,250.00 124 TON 4 600.00 2,400.00 $975.00 $3,900.00 $1,000.00 $4,000.00 $950.00 $3,800.00 $1,060.00 $4,240.00 $1,000.00 $4,000.00 125 SF 3,060 1.50 4,590.00 $1.83 $5,584.50 $1.65 $5,049.00 $2.00 $6,120.00 $1.80 $5,508.00 $2.00 $6,120.00 126 EA 2 1,200.00 2,400.00 $2,400.00 $4,800.00 $3,000.00 $6,000.00 $1,800.00 $3,600.00 $3,105.00 $6,210.00 $1,000.00 $2,000.00 127 EA 2 350.00 700.00 $650.00 $1,300.00 $800.00 $1,600.00 $500.00 $1,000.00 $740.00 $1,480.00 $800.00 $1,600.00 128 EA 2 35,000.00 70,000.00 $11,225.00 $22,450.00 $16,350.00 $32,700.00 $6,100.00 $12,200.00 $12,500.00 $25,000.00 $8,000.00 $16,000.00 Subtotal C 601,725.00 $483,308.00 $543,666.00 $422,950.00 $524,713.00 $403,940.00 Tax 10.3% 61,977.68 49,780.72 55,997.60 43,563.85 54,045.44 41,605.82 Total C 663,702.68 $533,088.72 $599,663.60 $466,513.85 $578,758.44 $445,545.82 Schedule D 129 LS 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 $8,000.00 $8,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 130 LS 1 70,000.00 70,000.00 $20,500.00 $20,500.00 $40,000.00 $40,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $15,500.00 $15,500.00 $500.00 $500.00 131 LS 1 30,000.00 30,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,500.00 $5,500.00 $4,500.00 $4,500.00 $4,650.00 $4,650.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 132 LS 1 250,000.00 250,000.00 $130,227.00 $130,227.00 $198,104.00 $198,104.00 $62,350.00 $62,350.00 $260,000.00 $260,000.00 $215,000.00 $215,000.00 133 LS 1 100,000.00 100,000.00 $23,950.00 $23,950.00 $11,900.00 $11,900.00 $36,000.00 $36,000.00 $65,000.00 $65,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 134 EA 3 25,000.00 75,000.00 $19,987.50 $59,962.50 $15,725.00 $47,175.00 $24,250.00 $72,750.00 $24,020.00 $72,060.00 $16,000.00 $48,000.00 135 EA 1 30,000.00 30,000.00 $20,862.50 $20,862.50 $17,475.00 $17,475.00 $24,250.00 $24,250.00 $21,965.00 $21,965.00 $18,000.00 $18,000.00 136 EA 1 6,000.00 6,000.00 $16,518.00 $16,518.00 $11,036.00 $11,036.00 $22,000.00 $22,000.00 $4,215.00 $4,215.00 $12,000.00 $12,000.00 137 EA 2 9,000.00 18,000.00 $6,387.50 $12,775.00 $8,525.00 $17,050.00 $4,250.00 $8,500.00 $4,215.00 $8,430.00 $9,000.00 $18,000.00 138 EA 1 8,000.00 8,000.00 $7,720.00 $7,720.00 $2,440.00 $2,440.00 $13,000.00 $13,000.00 $12,900.00 $12,900.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 139 EA 1 3,000.00 3,000.00 $1,305.50 $1,305.50 $1,211.00 $1,211.00 $1,400.00 $1,400.00 $1,450.00 $1,450.00 $2,000.00 $2,000.00 140 EA 3 8,000.00 24,000.00 $7,025.00 $21,075.00 $13,500.00 $40,500.00 $550.00 $1,650.00 $550.00 $1,650.00 $14,000.00 $42,000.00 141 EA 1 3,000.00 3,000.00 $682.50 $682.50 $980.00 $980.00 $385.00 $385.00 $385.00 $385.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 142 EA 1 6,000.00 6,000.00 $2,962.50 $2,962.50 $5,200.00 $5,200.00 $725.00 $725.00 $725.00 $725.00 $6,000.00 $6,000.00 143 LS 1 30,000.00 30,000.00 $8,412.50 $8,412.50 $8,125.00 $8,125.00 $8,700.00 $8,700.00 $20,000.00 $20,000.00 $9,000.00 $9,000.00 144 LF 250 200.00 50,000.00 $171.50 $42,875.00 $163.00 $40,750.00 $180.00 $45,000.00 $230.00 $57,500.00 $170.00 $42,500.00 145 EA 2 10,000.00 20,000.00 $7,210.00 $14,420.00 $6,970.00 $13,940.00 $7,450.00 $14,900.00 $1,435.00 $2,870.00 $7,000.00 $14,000.00 146 EA 2 20,000.00 40,000.00 $12,720.00 $25,440.00 $12,440.00 $24,880.00 $13,000.00 $26,000.00 $1,435.00 $2,870.00 $13,000.00 $26,000.00 Subtotal D 773,000.00 $422,688.00 $501,266.00 $344,110.00 $557,170.00 $535,500.00 Tax 10.3% 79,619.00 43,536.86 51,630.40 35,443.33 57,388.51 55,156.50 Total D 852,619.00 $466,224.86 $552,896.40 $379,553.33 $614,558.51 $590,656.50 REMOVAL OF EXISTING ABOVE GRADE FIRE HYDRANT REMOVAL OF EXISTING BELOW GRADE FIRE HYDRANT INSTALL NEW SIZE 2, 2 MODULE LED AIRFIELD GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION INSTALL NEW SIZE 2, 4 MODULE LED AIRFIELD GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION INSTALL NEW SIZE 2, 2 MODULE LED AIRFIELD GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION SEEDING MULCH TOPSOIL RESTRAINED DUCTILE IRON PIPE CLASS 52 FOR WATER MAIN, 6 INCH DIAM. ABANDON EXISTING FIRE WATERLINE (CLSM) ADJUST METER BOX ADJUST DOUBLE CHECK VALVE ASSEMBLY (DCVA) BOX REMOVAL OF EXISTING 48 IN. DIAM. WATER MANHOLE AND GATE VALVE 12"X6" TAPPING TEE AND VALVE 16"X6" TAPPING TEE AND VALVE HYDRANT ASSEMBLY BOLLARD ASPHALT SURFACE COURSE ASPHALT LEVELING COURSE EMULSIFIED ASPHALT TACK COAT MOBILIZATION FOD PREVENTION CONTROLS CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND PHASING FOD PREVENTION CONTROLS CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND PHASING MOBILIZATION CONSTRUCTION STAKING ASPHALT PAVEMENT REMOVAL - 1 TO 8 INCH THICKNESS COLD MILLING - VARIABLE DEPTH (4 INCH NOMINAL) OVERLAY BASE PREPARATION INITIAL MARKINGS REFLECTIVE PERMANENT MARKINGS 12-INCH REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE 12-INCH DUCTILE IRON PIPE CONNECT EXISTING PIPE TO NEW STRUCTURE CB TYPE 3 - AIRCRAFT RATED CB TYPE 4 - AIRCRAFT RATED SMH DEMOLISH EXISTING AIRFIELD LIGHTING VAULT BUILDING INSTALL NEW 7.5KW FERRORESONANT CONSTANT CURRENT REGULATOR IN AIRFIELD LIGHTING VAULT INSTALL NEW 10KW FERRORESONANT CONSTANT CURRENT REGULATOR IN AIRFIELD LIGHTING VAULT RELOCATE EXISTING AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCH MONITORING CABINET RELOCATE EXISTING MAIN SERVICE PANEL LV NEW L-841 RELAY CABINET NEW L-854 PILOT CONTROLLED RADIO NEW AIRFIELD LIGHTING PATCH PANEL RELOCATE EXISTING PAPIS & REILS BOOST TRANSFORMER RELOCATE EXISTING AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCH CONTRACTOR SUPPLIED STRUCTURAL STAMPED VAULT BUILDING DRAWINGS BY WASHINGTON PE, INCLUDING ANY CITY REQUIRED PERMITS (4) 2" SCH. 80 HDPE DIRECTIONAL BORE INSTALL NEW H-20 LOAD RATED CONCRETE HANDHOLE INSTALL NEW AIRCRAFT LOAD RATED CONCRETE HANDHOLE CONSTRUCTION STAKING ASPHALT PAVEMENT REMOVAL - 1 TO 8 INCH THICKNESS COLD MILLING - VARIABLE DEPTH (4 INCH NOMINAL) OVERLAY BASE PREPARATION ASPHALT SURFACE COURSE CB TYPE 4 - AIRCRAFT RATED SMH CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND PHASING MOBILIZATION CONSTRUCTION STAKING NEW AIRFIELD LIGHTING VAULT BUILDING ASPHALT LEVELING COURSE EMULSIFIED ASPHALT TACK COAT INITIAL MARKINGS CONNECT EXISTING PIPE TO NEW STRUCTURE REMOVE EXISTING CATCH BASIN AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . i ) Schedule E 147 LS 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 $5,500.00 $5,500.00 $10,000.00 $10,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 148 LS 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 $5,500.00 $5,500.00 $10,000.00 $10,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 149 LS 1 30,000.00 30,000.00 $13,000.00 $13,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $24,500.00 $24,500.00 $500.00 $500.00 150 LS 1 15,000.00 15,000.00 $8,350.00 $8,350.00 $10,000.00 $10,000.00 $6,700.00 $6,700.00 $6,915.00 $6,915.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 151 SY 720 7.00 5,040.00 $22.00 $15,840.00 $30.00 $21,600.00 $14.00 $10,080.00 $10.75 $7,740.00 $14.00 $10,080.00 152 CY 680 30.00 20,400.00 $63.60 $43,248.00 $74.20 $50,456.00 $53.00 $36,040.00 $63.60 $43,248.00 $70.00 $47,600.00 153 CY 160 50.00 8,000.00 $70.10 $11,216.00 $74.20 $11,872.00 $66.00 $10,560.00 $62.45 $9,992.00 $50.00 $8,000.00 154 CY 105 100.00 10,500.00 $114.05 $11,975.25 $103.10 $10,825.50 $125.00 $13,125.00 $77.75 $8,163.75 $80.00 $8,400.00 155 CY 430 75.00 32,250.00 $97.53 $41,935.75 $110.05 $47,321.50 $85.00 $36,550.00 $106.50 $45,795.00 $120.00 $51,600.00 156 CY 55 85.00 4,675.00 $121.03 $6,656.38 $110.05 $6,052.75 $132.00 $7,260.00 $98.00 $5,390.00 $90.00 $4,950.00 157 SY 1,800 3.00 5,400.00 $2.23 $4,005.00 $1.45 $2,610.00 $3.00 $5,400.00 $2.00 $3,600.00 $3.00 $5,400.00 158 SY 310 4.00 1,240.00 $3.33 $1,030.75 $2.65 $821.50 $4.00 $1,240.00 $5.00 $1,550.00 $5.00 $1,550.00 159 TON 180 165.00 29,700.00 $172.50 $31,050.00 $175.00 $31,500.00 $170.00 $30,600.00 $174.00 $31,320.00 $165.00 $29,700.00 160 TON 850 165.00 140,250.00 $160.00 $136,000.00 $150.00 $127,500.00 $170.00 $144,500.00 $152.00 $129,200.00 $145.00 $123,250.00 161 TON 2 600.00 1,200.00 $975.00 $1,950.00 $1,000.00 $2,000.00 $950.00 $1,900.00 $1,075.00 $2,150.00 $1,000.00 $2,000.00 162 SF 650 1.50 975.00 $2.75 $1,787.50 $2.50 $1,625.00 $3.00 $1,950.00 $2.70 $1,755.00 $2.00 $1,300.00 163 SF 650 2.25 1,462.50 $3.00 $1,950.00 $3.00 $1,950.00 $3.00 $1,950.00 $3.25 $2,112.50 $2.00 $1,300.00 Subtotal E 326,092.50 $340,994.63 $371,134.25 $310,855.00 $333,431.25 $301,630.00 Tax 10.3% 33,587.53 35,122.45 38,226.83 32,018.07 34,343.42 31,067.89 Total E 359,680.03 $376,117.08 $409,361.08 $342,873.07 $367,774.67 $332,697.89 Schedule F 164 LS 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 $750.00 $750.00 $500.00 $500.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 165 LS 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 $1,750.00 $1,750.00 $2,500.00 $2,500.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 166 LS 1 70,000.00 70,000.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,500.00 $5,500.00 $500.00 $500.00 167 LS 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,500.00 $5,500.00 $4,500.00 $4,500.00 $4,600.00 $4,600.00 $4,000.00 $4,000.00 168 LS 1 100,000.00 100,000.00 $8,845.00 $8,845.00 $8,540.00 $8,540.00 $9,150.00 $9,150.00 $9,065.00 $9,065.00 $9,000.00 $9,000.00 169 LF 6,020 4.00 24,080.00 $2.28 $13,725.60 $2.56 $15,411.20 $2.00 $12,040.00 $2.15 $12,943.00 $3.00 $18,060.00 170 LF 5,440 35.00 190,400.00 $26.40 $143,616.00 $25.30 $137,632.00 $27.50 $149,600.00 $27.55 $149,872.00 $26.00 $141,440.00 171 LF 580 65.00 37,700.00 $74.40 $43,152.00 $62.80 $36,424.00 $86.00 $49,880.00 $85.20 $49,416.00 $64.00 $37,120.00 172 EA 8 20,000.00 160,000.00 $12,720.00 $101,760.00 $12,440.00 $99,520.00 $13,000.00 $104,000.00 $1,405.00 $11,240.00 $13,000.00 $104,000.00 173 EA 72 2,200.00 158,400.00 $2,213.00 $159,336.00 $2,026.00 $145,872.00 $2,400.00 $172,800.00 $2,415.00 $173,880.00 $2,400.00 $172,800.00 Subtotal F 770,580.00 $480,934.60 $456,899.20 $504,970.00 $426,516.00 $487,920.00 Tax 10.3% 79,369.74 49,536.26 47,060.62 52,011.91 43,931.15 50,255.76 Total F 849,949.74 $530,470.86 $503,959.82 $556,981.91 $470,447.15 $538,175.76 Schedule G 174 LS 1 160,000.00 160,000.00 $13,000.00 $13,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $250,000.00 $250,000.00 $240,000.00 $240,000.00 175 LS 1 30,000.00 30,000.00 $5,500.00 $5,500.00 $10,000.00 $10,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $55,000.00 $55,000.00 $350,000.00 $350,000.00 176 EA 30 175.00 5,250.00 $100.00 $3,000.00 $125.00 $3,750.00 $75.00 $2,250.00 $82.50 $2,475.00 $100.00 $3,000.00 177 LF 2,864 10.00 28,640.00 $5.00 $14,320.00 $4.00 $11,456.00 $6.00 $17,184.00 $6.00 $17,184.00 $8.00 $22,912.00 178 EA 2 3,500.00 7,000.00 $8,750.00 $17,500.00 $7,500.00 $15,000.00 $10,000.00 $20,000.00 $11,355.00 $22,710.00 $22,000.00 $44,000.00 179 LS 1 50,000.00 50,000.00 $5,500.00 $5,500.00 $10,000.00 $10,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $72,000.00 $72,000.00 $700,000.00 $700,000.00 180 LS 1 510,000.00 510,000.00 $400,000.00 $400,000.00 $300,000.00 $300,000.00 $500,000.00 $500,000.00 $420,000.00 $420,000.00 $500,000.00 $500,000.00 181 LS 1 125,000.00 125,000.00 $68,750.00 $68,750.00 $70,000.00 $70,000.00 $67,500.00 $67,500.00 $69,500.00 $69,500.00 $300,000.00 $300,000.00 182 SY 17,420 7.00 121,940.00 $11.58 $201,636.50 $10.15 $176,813.00 $13.00 $226,460.00 $10.75 $187,265.00 $14.00 $243,880.00 183 SY 750 15.00 11,250.00 $21.75 $16,312.50 $18.50 $13,875.00 $25.00 $18,750.00 $18.50 $13,875.00 $26.00 $19,500.00 184 SY 1,380 10.00 13,800.00 $7.13 $9,832.50 $4.75 $6,555.00 $9.50 $13,110.00 $11.00 $15,180.00 $4.00 $5,520.00 185 SY 1,910 12.00 22,920.00 $8.18 $15,614.25 $7.35 $14,038.50 $9.00 $17,190.00 $11.65 $22,251.50 $7.00 $13,370.00 186 SY 1,430 8.25 11,797.50 $3.50 $5,005.00 $6.00 $8,580.00 $1.00 $1,430.00 $9.25 $13,227.50 $2.00 $2,860.00 187 FA 1 15,000.00 15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 188 LS 1 42,000.00 42,000.00 $4,000.00 $4,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 $2,500.00 $2,500.00 $57,000.00 $57,000.00 189 EA 34 800.00 27,200.00 $650.00 $22,100.00 $600.00 $20,400.00 $700.00 $23,800.00 $900.00 $30,600.00 $700.00 $23,800.00 190 CY 6,530 50.00 326,500.00 $52.50 $342,825.00 $25.00 $163,250.00 $80.00 $522,400.00 $62.45 $407,798.50 $76.00 $496,280.00 191 CY 1,640 30.00 49,200.00 $34.00 $55,760.00 $20.00 $32,800.00 $48.00 $78,720.00 $46.20 $75,768.00 $70.00 $114,800.00 192 CY 570 15.00 8,550.00 $57.50 $32,775.00 $5.00 $2,850.00 $110.00 $62,700.00 $4.25 $2,422.50 $8.00 $4,560.00 193 CY 1,890 50.00 94,500.00 $49.50 $93,555.00 $45.00 $85,050.00 $54.00 $102,060.00 $58.35 $110,281.50 $50.00 $94,500.00 194 CY 500 50.00 25,000.00 $49.25 $24,625.00 $45.00 $22,500.00 $53.50 $26,750.00 $51.25 $25,625.00 $80.00 $40,000.00 195 CY 1,260 100.00 126,000.00 $101.25 $127,575.00 $82.50 $103,950.00 $120.00 $151,200.00 $77.25 $97,335.00 $80.00 $100,800.00 196 LS 1 95,000.00 95,000.00 $13,750.00 $13,750.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $2,500.00 $2,500.00 $40,000.00 $40,000.00 $37,000.00 $37,000.00 197 CY 5,100 75.00 382,500.00 $93.20 $475,320.00 $96.40 $491,640.00 $90.00 $459,000.00 $106.50 $543,150.00 $120.00 $612,000.00 198 CY 640 85.00 54,400.00 $110.20 $70,528.00 $90.40 $57,856.00 $130.00 $83,200.00 $98.00 $62,720.00 $90.00 $57,600.00 199 SY 22,530 3.00 67,590.00 $1.98 $44,496.75 $1.45 $32,668.50 $2.50 $56,325.00 $2.00 $45,060.00 $3.00 $67,590.00 200 SY 3,760 4.00 15,040.00 $3.33 $12,502.00 $2.65 $9,964.00 $4.00 $15,040.00 $5.00 $18,800.00 $5.00 $18,800.00 201 TON 4,980 175.00 871,500.00 $167.00 $831,660.00 $164.00 $816,720.00 $170.00 $846,600.00 $174.00 $866,520.00 $165.00 $821,700.00 202 TON 25 1,000.00 25,000.00 $300.00 $7,500.00 $250.00 $6,250.00 $350.00 $8,750.00 $265.00 $6,625.00 $250.00 $6,250.00 203 TON 6,820 175.00 1,193,500.00 $156.50 $1,067,330.00 $143.00 $975,260.00 $170.00 $1,159,400.00 $152.00 $1,036,640.00 $145.00 $988,900.00 204 TON 25 600.00 15,000.00 $980.00 $24,500.00 $1,000.00 $25,000.00 $960.00 $24,000.00 $1,075.00 $26,875.00 $1,000.00 $25,000.00 205 SY 300 230.00 69,000.00 $234.00 $70,200.00 $225.00 $67,500.00 $243.00 $72,900.00 $205.00 $61,500.00 $200.00 $60,000.00 206 SF 140 2.00 280.00 $10.50 $1,470.00 $10.00 $1,400.00 $11.00 $1,540.00 $10.80 $1,512.00 $10.00 $1,400.00 207 SF 5,360 1.50 8,040.00 $1.83 $9,782.00 $1.65 $8,844.00 $2.00 $10,720.00 $1.80 $9,648.00 $2.00 $10,720.00 208 SF 3,190 2.00 6,380.00 $1.93 $6,140.75 $1.85 $5,901.50 $2.00 $6,380.00 $2.00 $6,380.00 $2.00 $6,380.00 209 SF 6,650 2.25 14,962.50 $2.00 $13,300.00 $2.00 $13,300.00 $2.00 $13,300.00 $2.15 $14,297.50 $2.00 $13,300.00 210 LF 515 150.00 77,250.00 $133.10 $68,546.50 $132.20 $68,083.00 $134.00 $69,010.00 $190.00 $97,850.00 $300.00 $154,500.00 211 LF 445 170.00 75,650.00 $176.30 $78,453.50 $185.60 $82,592.00 $167.00 $74,315.00 $230.00 $102,350.00 $300.00 $133,500.00 212 LF 531 12.00 6,372.00 $55.50 $29,470.50 $20.00 $10,620.00 $91.00 $48,321.00 $22.00 $11,682.00 $100.00 $53,100.00 213 EA 4 1,500.00 6,000.00 $1,900.00 $7,600.00 $2,000.00 $8,000.00 $1,800.00 $7,200.00 $2,460.00 $9,840.00 $1,500.00 $6,000.00 214 EA 2 1,200.00 2,400.00 $1,675.00 $3,350.00 $1,500.00 $3,000.00 $1,850.00 $3,700.00 $1,600.00 $3,200.00 $1,000.00 $2,000.00 215 LF 2,438 70.00 170,660.00 $50.13 $122,204.75 $26.75 $65,216.50 $73.50 $179,193.00 $50.35 $122,753.30 $53.00 $129,214.00 216 EA 36 1,000.00 36,000.00 $1,135.00 $40,860.00 $1,270.00 $45,720.00 $1,000.00 $36,000.00 $620.00 $22,320.00 $1,000.00 $36,000.00 217 LF 519 50.00 25,950.00 $66.38 $34,448.63 $26.75 $13,883.25 $106.00 $55,014.00 $56.00 $29,064.00 $53.00 $27,507.00 218 EA 3 350.00 1,050.00 $640.00 $1,920.00 $800.00 $2,400.00 $480.00 $1,440.00 $1,005.00 $3,015.00 $800.00 $2,400.00 219 EA 8 10,000.00 80,000.00 $1,825.00 $14,600.00 $2,050.00 $16,400.00 $1,600.00 $12,800.00 $2,185.00 $17,480.00 $1,700.00 $13,600.00 220 EA 2 550.00 1,100.00 $1,525.00 $3,050.00 $2,000.00 $4,000.00 $1,050.00 $2,100.00 $2,750.00 $5,500.00 $1,450.00 $2,900.00 221 LS 1 100,000.00 100,000.00 $1,769.00 $1,769.00 $1,738.00 $1,738.00 $1,800.00 $1,800.00 $19,000.00 $19,000.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 CB TYPE I ADJUST STRUCTURE TO GRADE (PAVEMENT) AIRFIELD ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DEMOLITION AND SALVAGE CONNECT EXISTING PIPE TO NEW STRUCTURE 6-INCH CONVENTIONAL UNDERDRAIN UNDERDRAIN CLEANOUT 6-INCH UNDERDRAIN OUTFALL PIPE REMOVE EXISTING CATCH BASIN REFLECTIVE PERMANENT MARKINGS 12-INCH REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE 12-INCH DUCTILE IRON PIPE REMOVE EXISTING STORM DRAINAGE PIPE CONNECT TO EXISTING STORM STRUCTURE EMULSIFIED ASPHALT TACK COAT CONCRETE FOR TRANSITION SLABS PAVEMENT MARKING REMOVAL INITIAL MARKINGS PERMANENT MARKINGS SEPARATION GEOTEXTILE BIAXIAL GEOGRID ASPHALT SURFACE COURSE ASPHALT LEVELING COURSE ASPHALT BASE COURSE STRIPPING QUARRY SPALLS DEWATERING CRUSHED AGGREGATE BASE COURSE CHOKE STONE UTILITY POTHOLING UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION - WITH PCC UNDERLAYMENT UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION - WITHOUT PCC UNDERLAYMENT EMBANKMENT IN PLACE UNSUITABLE EXCAVATION COLD MILLING - VARIABLE DEPTH (2 INCH NOMINAL) COLD MILLING - VARIABLE DEPTH (4 INCH NOMINAL) OVERLAY BASE PREPARATION CRACK SEALING TRENCH EXCAVATION SAFETY SYSTEMS CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND PHASING MOBILIZATION CONSTRUCTION STAKING ASPHALT PAVEMENT REMOVAL - 1 TO 8 INCH THICKNESS ASPHALT PAVEMENT REMOVAL - 8 TO 14 INCH THICKNESS BIAXIAL GEOGRID ASPHALT SURFACE COURSE ASPHALT BASE COURSE CONTRACTOR QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM (CQCP) FOD PREVENTION CONTROLS CATCH BASIN PROTECTION INTERCEPTER BERM WHEEL WASH (2) 2" PVC SCH 40, CONCRETE ENCASED INSTALL NEW AIRCRAFT LOAD RATED CONCRETE HANDHOLE INSTALL NEW L-861T(L) LED TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHT WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER AND HARDWARE ON NEW L-867 BASE CAN MOBILIZATION CONSTRUCTION STAKING AIRFIELD ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DEMOLITION AND SALVAGE BARE #6 CU COUNTERPOISE CABLE INSTALLED IN TRENCH OR BORE INCLUDING GROUND RODS (1) 2" PVC SCH 40, DIRECT BURIED CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND PHASING MOBILIZATION CONSTRUCTION STAKING UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION - WITHOUT PCC UNDERLAYMENT ASPHALT PAVEMENT REMOVAL - 1 TO 8 INCH THICKNESS EMULSIFIED ASPHALT TACK COAT INITIAL MARKINGS REFLECTIVE PERMANENT MARKINGS FOD PREVENTION CONTROLS CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND PHASING SEPARATION GEOTEXTILE UNSUITABLE EXCAVATION QUARRY SPALLS 0 CHOKE STONE FOD PREVENTION CONTROLS AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . i ) 222 LF 1,405 4.00 5,620.00 $3.53 $4,959.65 $2.56 $3,596.80 $4.50 $6,322.50 $4.55 $6,392.75 $3.00 $4,215.00 223 LF 6,980 4.00 27,920.00 $2.15 $15,007.00 $1.80 $12,564.00 $2.50 $17,450.00 $2.55 $17,799.00 $2.00 $13,960.00 224 LF 1,150 35.00 40,250.00 $33.40 $38,410.00 $25.30 $29,095.00 $41.50 $47,725.00 $41.50 $47,725.00 $30.00 $34,500.00 225 LF 255 65.00 16,575.00 $76.90 $19,609.50 $62.80 $16,014.00 $91.00 $23,205.00 $90.10 $22,975.50 $70.00 $17,850.00 226 EA 1 750.00 750.00 $2,350.50 $2,350.50 $2,201.00 $2,201.00 $2,500.00 $2,500.00 $2,600.00 $2,600.00 $3,400.00 $3,400.00 227 EA 20 750.00 15,000.00 $899.00 $17,980.00 $548.00 $10,960.00 $1,250.00 $25,000.00 $1,250.00 $25,000.00 $600.00 $12,000.00 228 EA 3 1,400.00 4,200.00 $1,731.00 $5,193.00 $1,662.00 $4,986.00 $1,800.00 $5,400.00 $1,815.00 $5,445.00 $1,800.00 $5,400.00 229 EA 20 2,200.00 44,000.00 $2,438.00 $48,760.00 $2,026.00 $40,520.00 $2,850.00 $57,000.00 $2,825.00 $56,500.00 $3,400.00 $68,000.00 230 EA 2 8,000.00 16,000.00 $3,944.00 $7,888.00 $3,388.00 $6,776.00 $4,500.00 $9,000.00 $4,505.00 $9,010.00 $3,700.00 $7,400.00 231 EA 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 $4,925.00 $4,925.00 $3,850.00 $3,850.00 $6,000.00 $6,000.00 $5,950.00 $5,950.00 $4,200.00 $4,200.00 232 EA 1 14,500.00 14,500.00 $8,030.50 $8,030.50 $9,111.00 $9,111.00 $6,950.00 $6,950.00 $6,900.00 $6,900.00 $11,000.00 $11,000.00 233 EA 1 18,000.00 18,000.00 $9,280.00 $9,280.00 $10,060.00 $10,060.00 $8,500.00 $8,500.00 $8,500.00 $8,500.00 $12,000.00 $12,000.00 234 EA 1 3,500.00 3,500.00 $2,017.50 $2,017.50 $3,085.00 $3,085.00 $950.00 $950.00 $955.00 $955.00 $3,700.00 $3,700.00 235 AC 0.5 12,500.00 6,250.00 $8,750.00 $4,375.00 $13,500.00 $6,750.00 $4,000.00 $2,000.00 $14,850.00 $7,425.00 $6,000.00 $3,000.00 236 AC 0.8 15,000.00 12,000.00 $3,600.00 $2,880.00 $3,000.00 $2,400.00 $4,200.00 $3,360.00 $3,300.00 $2,640.00 $3,000.00 $2,400.00 237 CY 500 60.00 30,000.00 $47.50 $23,750.00 $25.00 $12,500.00 $70.00 $35,000.00 $70.00 $35,000.00 $110.00 $55,000.00 238 LS 1 14,000.00 14,000.00 $55,000.00 $55,000.00 $65,000.00 $65,000.00 $45,000.00 $45,000.00 $61,550.00 $61,550.00 $60,000.00 $60,000.00 239 EA 6 6,500.00 39,000.00 $2,090.00 $12,540.00 $3,500.00 $21,000.00 $680.00 $4,080.00 $6,500.00 $39,000.00 $2,400.00 $14,400.00 240 EA 7 8,000.00 56,000.00 $2,600.00 $18,200.00 $2,500.00 $17,500.00 $2,700.00 $18,900.00 $6,500.00 $45,500.00 $2,400.00 $16,800.00 241 FA 1 25,000.00 25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 Subtotal G 5,610,737.00 $4,875,093.78 $4,277,793.05 $5,472,394.50 $5,543,647.55 $7,056,368.00 Tax 10.3% 577,905.91 502,134.66 440,612.68 563,656.63 570,995.70 726,805.90 Total G 6,188,642.91 $5,377,228.44 $4,718,405.73 $6,036,051.13 $6,114,643.25 $7,783,173.90 Schedule H 242 LS 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 243 LS 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 244 LS 1 32,000.00 32,000.00 $13,000.00 $13,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $24,500.00 $24,500.00 $500.00 $500.00 245 LS 1 17,000.00 17,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,500.00 $5,500.00 $4,500.00 $4,500.00 $4,600.00 $4,600.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 246 SY 4,400 12.00 52,800.00 $9.48 $41,690.00 $9.45 $41,580.00 $9.50 $41,800.00 $11.65 $51,260.00 $7.00 $30,800.00 247 SY 3,290 8.25 27,142.50 $3.00 $9,870.00 $5.00 $16,450.00 $1.00 $3,290.00 $9.25 $30,432.50 $2.00 $6,580.00 248 TON 1,050 175.00 183,750.00 $167.00 $175,350.00 $164.00 $172,200.00 $170.00 $178,500.00 $174.00 $182,700.00 $165.00 $173,250.00 249 TON 10 1,000.00 10,000.00 $300.00 $3,000.00 $250.00 $2,500.00 $350.00 $3,500.00 $265.00 $2,650.00 $250.00 $2,500.00 250 TON 2.6 600.00 1,560.00 $975.00 $2,535.00 $1,000.00 $2,600.00 $950.00 $2,470.00 $1,060.00 $2,756.00 $1,000.00 $2,600.00 251 SF 1,840 1.50 2,760.00 $1.83 $3,358.00 $1.65 $3,036.00 $2.00 $3,680.00 $2.00 $3,680.00 $2.00 $3,680.00 252 SF 2,330 2.25 5,242.50 $1.93 $4,485.25 $1.85 $4,310.50 $2.00 $4,660.00 $2.00 $4,660.00 $2.00 $4,660.00 Subtotal H 352,255.00 $264,288.25 $283,176.50 $245,400.00 $317,238.50 $228,570.00 Tax 10.3% 36,282.27 27,221.69 29,167.18 25,276.20 32,675.57 23,542.71 Total H 388,537.27 $291,509.94 $312,343.68 $270,676.20 $349,914.07 $252,112.71 Schedule I 253 LS 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 254 LS 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 255 LS 1 26,000.00 26,000.00 $13,000.00 $13,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 256 LS 1 17,000.00 17,000.00 $5,750.00 $5,750.00 $7,000.00 $7,000.00 $4,500.00 $4,500.00 $4,600.00 $4,600.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 257 SY 890 7.00 6,230.00 $23.00 $20,470.00 $30.00 $26,700.00 $16.00 $14,240.00 $10.75 $9,567.50 $14.00 $12,460.00 258 SY 3,000 12.00 36,000.00 $9.23 $27,675.00 $9.45 $28,350.00 $9.00 $27,000.00 $8.50 $25,500.00 $7.00 $21,000.00 259 SY 2,230 8.25 18,397.50 $3.13 $6,968.75 $5.00 $11,150.00 $1.25 $2,787.50 $9.25 $20,627.50 $2.00 $4,460.00 260 TON 930 175.00 162,750.00 $172.50 $160,425.00 $175.00 $162,750.00 $170.00 $158,100.00 $174.00 $161,820.00 $165.00 $153,450.00 261 TON 1.8 600.00 1,080.00 $975.00 $1,755.00 $1,000.00 $1,800.00 $950.00 $1,710.00 $1,075.00 $1,935.00 $1,000.00 $1,800.00 262 SF 1,590 1.50 2,385.00 $1.83 $2,901.75 $1.65 $2,623.50 $2.00 $3,180.00 $2.00 $3,180.00 $2.00 $3,180.00 Subtotal I 289,842.50 $244,945.50 $275,373.50 $214,517.50 $242,230.00 $200,850.00 Tax 10.3% 29,853.78 25,229.39 28,363.47 22,095.30 24,949.69 20,687.55 Total I 319,696.28 $270,174.89 $303,736.97 $236,612.80 $267,179.69 $221,537.55 Schedule J 263 LS 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 264 LS 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 265 LS 1 43,000.00 43,000.00 $13,400.00 $13,400.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $1,800.00 $1,800.00 $26,500.00 $26,500.00 $500.00 $500.00 266 LS 1 15,000.00 15,000.00 $7,600.00 $7,600.00 $8,500.00 $8,500.00 $6,700.00 $6,700.00 $7,000.00 $7,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 267 SY 990 7.00 6,930.00 $15.45 $15,295.50 $15.40 $15,246.00 $15.50 $15,345.00 $15.25 $15,097.50 $14.00 $13,860.00 268 CY 840 30.00 25,200.00 $62.10 $52,164.00 $74.20 $62,328.00 $50.00 $42,000.00 $46.20 $38,808.00 $70.00 $58,800.00 269 CY 20 50.00 1,000.00 $70.10 $1,402.00 $74.20 $1,484.00 $66.00 $1,320.00 $175.25 $3,505.00 $50.00 $1,000.00 270 CY 15 100.00 1,500.00 $116.55 $1,748.25 $103.10 $1,546.50 $130.00 $1,950.00 $80.50 $1,207.50 $80.00 $1,200.00 271 CY 30 75.00 2,250.00 $115.03 $3,450.75 $110.05 $3,301.50 $120.00 $3,600.00 $106.50 $3,195.00 $120.00 $3,600.00 272 CY 10 85.00 850.00 $123.03 $1,230.25 $110.05 $1,100.50 $136.00 $1,360.00 $99.00 $990.00 $90.00 $900.00 273 SY 140 3.00 420.00 $1.98 $276.50 $1.45 $203.00 $2.50 $350.00 $2.20 $308.00 $3.00 $420.00 274 SY 40 4.00 160.00 $3.33 $133.00 $2.65 $106.00 $4.00 $160.00 $3.50 $140.00 $5.00 $200.00 275 TON 240 175.00 42,000.00 $172.50 $41,400.00 $175.00 $42,000.00 $170.00 $40,800.00 $174.00 $41,760.00 $165.00 $39,600.00 276 TON 1,740 175.00 304,500.00 $160.00 $278,400.00 $150.00 $261,000.00 $170.00 $295,800.00 $152.00 $264,480.00 $145.00 $252,300.00 277 TON 3 600.00 1,800.00 $975.00 $2,925.00 $1,000.00 $3,000.00 $950.00 $2,850.00 $1,075.00 $3,225.00 $1,000.00 $3,000.00 278 SF 1,230 1.50 1,845.00 $1.83 $2,244.75 $1.65 $2,029.50 $2.00 $2,460.00 $2.20 $2,706.00 $2.00 $2,460.00 279 SF 1,230 2.25 2,767.50 $2.00 $2,460.00 $2.00 $2,460.00 $2.00 $2,460.00 $2.20 $2,706.00 $2.00 $2,460.00 280 EA 5 1,000.00 5,000.00 $1,155.50 $5,777.50 $511.00 $2,555.00 $1,800.00 $9,000.00 $545.00 $2,725.00 $500.00 $2,500.00 OVERLAY BASE PREPARATION FOD PREVENTION CONTROLS CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND PHASING MOBILIZATION CONSTRUCTION STAKING COLD MILLING - VARIABLE DEPTH (4 INCH NOMINAL) REMOVAL OF EXISTING 48 IN. DIAM. WATER MANHOLE AND GATE VALVE REMOVAL OF EXISTING BELOW GRADE FIRE HYDRANT 4" COMPRESSED AIR, DIRECT BURIED EDGE LIGHT AND REINSTALL ON NEW L-868 BASE CAN SEEDING MULCH TOPSOIL ABANDON EXISTING FIRE WATERLINE (CLSM) WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER AND HARDWARE ON NEW L-867 BASE CAN GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON EXISTING CONCRETE GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON EXISTING CONCRETE GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON NEW CONCRETE FOUNDATION GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON NEW CONCRETE FOUNDATION (1) 2" PVC SCH 40, DIRECT BURIED (2) 2" PVC SCH 40, CONCRETE ENCASED SALVAGE EXISTING ELEVATED L-861 RUNWAY EDGE LIGHT AND REINSTALL ON NEW L-867 BASE CAN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER AND HARDWARE ON EXISTING L-867 BASE CAN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER AND HARDWARE INCLUDING BASE CAN BARE #6 CU COUNTERPOISE CABLE INSTALLED IN TRENCH OR BORE INCLUDING GROUND RODS NEW L-824 TYPE C #8, 5 KV CABLE INSTALLED IN EXISTING OR NEW CONDUIT ASPHALT SURFACE COURSE ASPHALT LEVELING COURSE EMULSIFIED ASPHALT TACK COAT INITIAL MARKINGS REFLECTIVE PERMANENT MARKINGS FOD PREVENTION CONTROLS CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND PHASING MOBILIZATION CONSTRUCTION STAKING ASPHALT PAVEMENT REMOVAL - 1 TO 8 INCH THICKNESS COLD MILLING - VARIABLE DEPTH (4 INCH NOMINAL) OVERLAY BASE PREPARATION ASPHALT SURFACE COURSE EMULSIFIED ASPHALT TACK COAT EMULSIFIED ASPHALT TACK COAT INITIAL MARKINGS REFLECTIVE PERMANENT MARKINGS STATIC GROUND ROD STATION RESTORATION INITIAL MARKINGS FOD PREVENTION CONTROLS CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND PHASING MOBILIZATION CONSTRUCTION STAKING ASPHALT PAVEMENT REMOVAL - 1 TO 8 INCH THICKNESS UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION - WITHOUT PCC UNDERLAYMENT UNSUITABLE EXCAVATION QUARRY SPALLS CRUSHED AGGREGATE BASE COURSE CHOKE STONE SEPARATION GEOTEXTILE BIAXIAL GEOGRID ASPHALT SURFACE COURSE ASPHALT BASE COURSE AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . i ) Subtotal J 474,222.50 $435,907.50 $441,860.00 $429,955.00 $424,353.00 $388,800.00 Tax 10.3% 48,844.92 44,898.47 45,511.58 44,285.37 43,708.36 40,046.40 Total J 523,067.42 $480,805.97 $487,371.58 $474,240.37 $468,061.36 $428,846.40 Schedule K 281 LS 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 $750.00 $750.00 $500.00 $500.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 282 LS 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 $750.00 $750.00 $500.00 $500.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 283 LS 1 34,000.00 34,000.00 $3,750.00 $3,750.00 $500.00 $500.00 $7,000.00 $7,000.00 $15,500.00 $15,500.00 $500.00 $500.00 284 LS 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,500.00 $5,500.00 $4,500.00 $4,500.00 $4,600.00 $4,600.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 285 LS 1 75,000.00 75,000.00 $8,750.00 $8,750.00 $3,500.00 $3,500.00 $14,000.00 $14,000.00 $13,950.00 $13,950.00 $4,000.00 $4,000.00 286 LF 2,255 4.00 9,020.00 $3.53 $7,960.15 $2.56 $5,772.80 $4.50 $10,147.50 $4.55 $10,260.25 $2.00 $4,510.00 287 LF 1,980 35.00 69,300.00 $33.40 $66,132.00 $25.30 $50,094.00 $41.50 $82,170.00 $71.25 $141,075.00 $28.00 $55,440.00 288 LF 275 65.00 17,875.00 $76.90 $21,147.50 $62.80 $17,270.00 $91.00 $25,025.00 $300.00 $82,500.00 $63.00 $17,325.00 289 EA 4 20,000.00 80,000.00 $12,720.00 $50,880.00 $12,440.00 $49,760.00 $13,000.00 $52,000.00 $1,405.00 $5,620.00 $13,000.00 $52,000.00 290 EA 23 2,200.00 50,600.00 $2,513.00 $57,799.00 $2,026.00 $46,598.00 $3,000.00 $69,000.00 $305.00 $7,015.00 $2,400.00 $55,200.00 291 EA 1 3,500.00 3,500.00 $2,116.50 $2,116.50 $3,083.00 $3,083.00 $1,150.00 $1,150.00 $1,170.00 $1,170.00 $3,400.00 $3,400.00 Subtotal K 369,295.00 $225,035.15 $183,077.80 $266,992.50 $291,690.25 $196,375.00 Tax 10.3% 38,037.39 23,178.62 18,857.01 27,500.23 30,044.10 20,226.63 Total K 407,332.39 $248,213.77 $201,934.81 $294,492.73 $321,734.35 $216,601.63 INSTALL NEW L-861T(L) LED TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHT WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER AND HARDWARE ON NEW L-867 BASE CAN SALVAGE EXISTING IN-PAVEMENT L-850C RUNWAY EDGE LIGHT AND REINSTALL ON NEW L-868 BASE CAN FOD PREVENTION CONTROLS CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND PHASING MOBILIZATION CONSTRUCTION STAKING AIRFIELD ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DEMOLITION AND SALVAGE BARE #6 CU COUNTERPOISE CABLE INSTALLED IN TRENCH OR BORE INCLUDING GROUND RODS (1) 2" PVC SCH 40, DIRECT BURIED (2) 2" PVC SCH 40, CONCRETE ENCASED INSTALL NEW AIRCRAFT LOAD RATED CONCRETE HANDHOLE AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . i ) Project Taxiway A Rehabilitation City of Renton BID DATE:8/20/2025 Engineers Estimate Item No. Description Unit Quantity Unit Price Bid Amount Unit Price Bid Amount Unit Price Bid Amount Unit Price Bid Amount Unit Price Bid Amount Unit Price Bid Amount Schedule A 1 LS 1 340,000.00 340,000.00 $237,500.00 $237,500.00 $425,000.00 $425,000.00 $50,000.00 $50,000.00 $350,000.00 $350,000.00 $400,000.00 $400,000.00 2 LS 1 70,000.00 70,000.00 $287,500.00 $287,500.00 $535,000.00 $535,000.00 $40,000.00 $40,000.00 $85,000.00 $85,000.00 $400,000.00 $400,000.00 3 EA 63 175.00 11,025.00 $96.50 $6,079.50 $125.00 $7,875.00 $68.00 $4,284.00 $82.50 $5,197.50 $100.00 $6,300.00 4 LF 5623 10.00 56,230.00 $5.00 $28,115.00 $4.00 $22,492.00 $6.00 $33,738.00 $5.75 $32,332.25 $8.00 $44,984.00 5 SY 43 20.00 860.00 $20.00 $860.00 $35.00 $1,505.00 $5.00 $215.00 $55.00 $2,365.00 $5.00 $215.00 6 EA 5 3,500.00 17,500.00 $11,250.00 $56,250.00 $7,500.00 $37,500.00 $15,000.00 $75,000.00 $11,355.00 $56,775.00 $22,000.00 $110,000.00 7 LF 245 18.00 4,410.00 $7.50 $1,837.50 $8.00 $1,960.00 $7.00 $1,715.00 $10.25 $2,511.25 $7.00 $1,715.00 8 EA 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 $3,525.00 $3,525.00 $6,050.00 $6,050.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $2,375.00 $2,375.00 $8,500.00 $8,500.00 9 LS 1 100,000.00 100,000.00 $370,000.00 $370,000.00 $680,000.00 $680,000.00 $60,000.00 $60,000.00 $136,105.00 $136,105.00 $850,000.00 $850,000.00 10 LS 1 802,000.00 802,000.00 $885,000.00 $885,000.00 $870,000.00 $870,000.00 $900,000.00 $900,000.00 $650,000.00 $650,000.00 $900,000.00 $900,000.00 11 LS 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 $185,263.73 $185,263.73 $141,500.00 $141,500.00 $229,027.45 $229,027.45 $17,050.00 $17,050.00 $800,000.00 $800,000.00 12 LS 1 275,000.00 275,000.00 $155,000.00 $155,000.00 $160,000.00 $160,000.00 $150,000.00 $150,000.00 $158,000.00 $158,000.00 $350,000.00 $350,000.00 13 SY 23700 7.00 165,900.00 $12.08 $286,177.50 $10.15 $240,555.00 $14.00 $331,800.00 $10.75 $254,775.00 $14.00 $331,800.00 14 SY 2750 15.00 41,250.00 $22.50 $61,875.00 $18.50 $50,875.00 $26.50 $72,875.00 $14.60 $40,150.00 $26.00 $71,500.00 15 SY 8595 10.00 85,950.00 $6.88 $59,090.63 $4.75 $40,826.25 $9.00 $77,355.00 $7.80 $67,041.00 $4.00 $34,380.00 16 SY 2608 12.00 31,296.00 $8.68 $22,624.40 $7.35 $19,168.80 $10.00 $26,080.00 $9.00 $23,472.00 $7.00 $18,256.00 17 SY 1120 8.25 9,240.00 $3.50 $3,920.00 $6.00 $6,720.00 $1.00 $1,120.00 $9.00 $10,080.00 $2.00 $2,240.00 18 SY 960 15.00 14,400.00 $45.00 $43,200.00 $35.00 $33,600.00 $55.00 $52,800.00 $74.00 $71,040.00 $90.00 $86,400.00 19 FA 1 15,000.00 15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 20 LS 1 46,000.00 46,000.00 $4,150.00 $4,150.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $3,300.00 $3,300.00 $2,500.00 $2,500.00 $57,000.00 $57,000.00 21 EA 43 800.00 34,400.00 $650.00 $27,950.00 $600.00 $25,800.00 $700.00 $30,100.00 $865.00 $37,195.00 $700.00 $30,100.00 22 CY 6520 50.00 326,000.00 $52.50 $342,300.00 $25.00 $163,000.00 $80.00 $521,600.00 $62.45 $407,174.00 $76.00 $495,520.00 23 CY 5120 30.00 153,600.00 $34.25 $175,360.00 $20.00 $102,400.00 $48.50 $248,320.00 $46.20 $236,544.00 $70.00 $358,400.00 24 CY 910 15.00 13,650.00 $58.00 $52,780.00 $5.00 $4,550.00 $111.00 $101,010.00 $4.25 $3,867.50 $8.00 $7,280.00 25 CY 2860 50.00 143,000.00 $48.50 $138,710.00 $45.00 $128,700.00 $52.00 $148,720.00 $58.35 $166,881.00 $50.00 $143,000.00 26 CY 410 160.00 65,600.00 $250.50 $102,705.00 $236.00 $96,760.00 $265.00 $108,650.00 $215.00 $88,150.00 $200.00 $82,000.00 27 CY 1175 50.00 58,750.00 $46.50 $54,637.50 $45.00 $52,875.00 $48.00 $56,400.00 $51.25 $60,218.75 $80.00 $94,000.00 28 CY 1910 100.00 191,000.00 $98.75 $188,612.50 $82.50 $157,575.00 $115.00 $219,650.00 $77.75 $148,502.50 $80.00 $152,800.00 29 LS 1 125,000.00 125,000.00 $20,250.00 $20,250.00 $10,500.00 $10,500.00 $30,000.00 $30,000.00 $22,000.00 $22,000.00 $37,000.00 $37,000.00 30 CY 7300 75.00 547,500.00 $91.20 $665,760.00 $96.40 $703,720.00 $86.00 $627,800.00 $106.50 $777,450.00 $120.00 $876,000.00 31 CY 960 85.00 81,600.00 $111.20 $106,752.00 $90.40 $86,784.00 $132.00 $126,720.00 $98.00 $94,080.00 $90.00 $86,400.00 32 SY 33460 3.00 100,380.00 $1.73 $57,718.50 $1.45 $48,517.00 $2.00 $66,920.00 $2.00 $66,920.00 $3.00 $100,380.00 33 SY 5700 4.00 22,800.00 $3.33 $18,952.50 $2.65 $15,105.00 $4.00 $22,800.00 $5.00 $28,500.00 $5.00 $28,500.00 34 TON 8640 165.00 1,425,600.00 $167.00 $1,442,880.00 $164.00 $1,416,960.00 $170.00 $1,468,800.00 $174.00 $1,503,360.00 $165.00 $1,425,600.00 35 TON 100 300.00 30,000.00 $300.00 $30,000.00 $250.00 $25,000.00 $350.00 $35,000.00 $265.00 $26,500.00 $250.00 $25,000.00 36 TON 8780 165.00 1,448,700.00 $156.50 $1,374,070.00 $143.00 $1,255,540.00 $170.00 $1,492,600.00 $152.00 $1,334,560.00 $145.00 $1,273,100.00 37 TON 20 220.00 4,400.00 $300.00 $6,000.00 $320.00 $6,400.00 $280.00 $5,600.00 $315.00 $6,300.00 $300.00 $6,000.00 38 TON 3 200.00 600.00 $645.00 $1,935.00 $1,000.00 $3,000.00 $290.00 $870.00 $1,735.00 $5,205.00 $320.00 $960.00 39 TON 3 180.00 540.00 $887.50 $2,662.50 $1,605.00 $4,815.00 $170.00 $510.00 $1,735.00 $5,205.00 $320.00 $960.00 40 TON 14 55.00 770.00 $112.50 $1,575.00 $150.00 $2,100.00 $75.00 $1,050.00 $385.00 $5,390.00 $100.00 $1,400.00 41 SY 20 200.00 4,000.00 $241.00 $4,820.00 $200.00 $4,000.00 $282.00 $5,640.00 $315.00 $6,300.00 $120.00 $2,400.00 42 LF 15 65.00 975.00 $172.50 $2,587.50 $150.00 $2,250.00 $195.00 $2,925.00 $250.00 $3,750.00 $120.00 $1,800.00 43 LF 10 45.00 450.00 $246.00 $2,460.00 $200.00 $2,000.00 $292.00 $2,920.00 $370.00 $3,700.00 $120.00 $1,200.00 44 TON 35 600.00 21,000.00 $975.00 $34,125.00 $1,000.00 $35,000.00 $950.00 $33,250.00 $1,005.00 $35,175.00 $1,000.00 $35,000.00 45 SY 110 230.00 25,300.00 $252.50 $27,775.00 $225.00 $24,750.00 $280.00 $30,800.00 $275.00 $30,250.00 $200.00 $22,000.00 46 SF 1120 2.00 2,240.00 $3.63 $4,060.00 $3.50 $3,920.00 $3.75 $4,200.00 $3.80 $4,256.00 $10.00 $11,200.00 47 SF 11480 1.50 17,220.00 $1.83 $20,951.00 $1.65 $18,942.00 $2.00 $22,960.00 $1.80 $20,664.00 $2.00 $22,960.00 48 SF 570 2.00 1,140.00 $1.93 $1,097.25 $1.85 $1,054.50 $2.00 $1,140.00 $2.00 $1,140.00 $2.00 $1,140.00 49 SF 14000 2.25 31,500.00 $2.00 $28,000.00 $2.00 $28,000.00 $2.00 $28,000.00 $2.15 $30,100.00 $2.00 $28,000.00 50 LF 10 4.00 40.00 $10.50 $105.00 $10.00 $100.00 $11.00 $110.00 $11.00 $110.00 $10.00 $100.00 51 LF 299 150.00 44,850.00 $134.00 $40,066.00 $125.00 $37,375.00 $143.00 $42,757.00 $137.50 $41,112.50 $300.00 $89,700.00 52 LF 1396 170.00 237,320.00 $174.50 $243,602.00 $180.00 $251,280.00 $169.00 $235,924.00 $265.00 $369,940.00 $300.00 $418,800.00 53 LF 1033 12.00 12,396.00 $58.00 $59,914.00 $25.00 $25,825.00 $91.00 $94,003.00 $22.00 $22,726.00 $100.00 $103,300.00 54 EA 12 1,500.00 18,000.00 $1,575.00 $18,900.00 $1,500.00 $18,000.00 $1,650.00 $19,800.00 $1,100.00 $13,200.00 $1,500.00 $18,000.00 55 LF 316 10.00 3,160.00 $31.50 $9,954.00 $25.00 $7,900.00 $38.00 $12,008.00 $41.50 $13,114.00 $80.00 $25,280.00 56 EA 4 1,200.00 4,800.00 $2,175.00 $8,700.00 $2,500.00 $10,000.00 $1,850.00 $7,400.00 $3,225.00 $12,900.00 $1,000.00 $4,000.00 57A FA 1 75,000.00 75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 57B LF 689 56.00 38,584.00 $13.00 $8,957.00 $20.00 $13,780.00 $6.00 $4,134.00 $16.50 $11,368.50 $20.00 $13,780.00 58 LF 4031 70.00 282,170.00 $43.38 $174,844.63 $26.75 $107,829.25 $60.00 $241,860.00 $50.35 $202,960.85 $53.00 $213,643.00 59 EA 60 1,000.00 60,000.00 $1,130.00 $67,800.00 $1,270.00 $76,200.00 $990.00 $59,400.00 $620.00 $37,200.00 $1,000.00 $60,000.00 60 LF 683 50.00 34,150.00 $65.88 $44,992.63 $26.75 $18,270.25 $105.00 $71,715.00 $56.00 $38,248.00 $53.00 $36,199.00 61 EA 12 350.00 4,200.00 $640.00 $7,680.00 $800.00 $9,600.00 $480.00 $5,760.00 $1,005.00 $12,060.00 $800.00 $9,600.00 62 EA 18 10,000.00 180,000.00 $1,732.50 $31,185.00 $2,165.00 $38,970.00 $1,300.00 $23,400.00 $2,185.00 $39,330.00 $1,700.00 $30,600.00 63 EA 1 40,000.00 40,000.00 $7,525.00 $7,525.00 $8,050.00 $8,050.00 $7,000.00 $7,000.00 $12,500.00 $12,500.00 $8,000.00 $8,000.00 64 EA 2 550.00 1,100.00 $1,532.50 $3,065.00 $2,000.00 $4,000.00 $1,065.00 $2,130.00 $2,750.00 $5,500.00 $1,500.00 $3,000.00 65 EA 2 400.00 800.00 $1,190.00 $2,380.00 $1,500.00 $3,000.00 $880.00 $1,760.00 $2,750.00 $5,500.00 $1,500.00 $3,000.00 66 LS 1 50,000.00 50,000.00 $34,575.00 $34,575.00 $21,650.00 $21,650.00 $47,500.00 $47,500.00 $90,000.00 $90,000.00 $30,000.00 $30,000.00 67 LF 1410 4.00 5,640.00 $3.41 $4,801.05 $2.56 $3,609.60 $4.25 $5,992.50 $4.30 $6,063.00 $3.00 $4,230.00 68 LF 13345 4.00 53,380.00 $2.15 $28,691.75 $1.80 $24,021.00 $2.50 $33,362.50 $2.50 $33,362.50 $2.00 $26,690.00 69 EA 1 30,000.00 30,000.00 $18,737.50 $18,737.50 $15,725.00 $15,725.00 $21,750.00 $21,750.00 $21,700.00 $21,700.00 $17,000.00 $17,000.00 70 EA 1 80,000.00 80,000.00 $11,400.00 $11,400.00 $12,800.00 $12,800.00 $10,000.00 $10,000.00 $9,965.00 $9,965.00 $20,000.00 $20,000.00 71 LF 1070 35.00 37,450.00 $31.90 $34,133.00 $25.30 $27,071.00 $38.50 $41,195.00 $38.25 $40,927.50 $28.00 $29,960.00 72 LF 180 55.00 9,900.00 $67.40 $12,132.00 $56.30 $10,134.00 $78.50 $14,130.00 $78.00 $14,040.00 $60.00 $10,800.00 73 LF 160 65.00 10,400.00 $74.15 $11,864.00 $62.80 $10,048.00 $85.50 $13,680.00 $84.80 $13,568.00 $68.00 $10,880.00 74 EA 1 20,000.00 20,000.00 $12,870.00 $12,870.00 $12,440.00 $12,440.00 $13,300.00 $13,300.00 $1,635.00 $1,635.00 $14,000.00 $14,000.00 75 EA 2 2,000.00 4,000.00 $1,201.00 $2,402.00 $1,526.00 $3,052.00 $876.00 $1,752.00 $865.00 $1,730.00 $2,600.00 $5,200.00 76 EA 65 750.00 48,750.00 $761.50 $49,497.50 $548.00 $35,620.00 $975.00 $63,375.00 $970.00 $63,050.00 $600.00 $39,000.00 77 EA 7 1,400.00 9,800.00 $1,693.50 $11,854.50 $1,662.00 $11,634.00 $1,725.00 $12,075.00 $1,705.00 $11,935.00 $1,800.00 $12,600.00 78 EA 12 2,200.00 26,400.00 $2,338.00 $28,056.00 $2,026.00 $24,312.00 $2,650.00 $31,800.00 $2,610.00 $31,320.00 $2,200.00 $26,400.00 79 EA 3 3,500.00 10,500.00 $4,696.50 $14,089.50 $4,393.00 $13,179.00 $5,000.00 $15,000.00 $5,015.00 $15,045.00 $5,700.00 $17,100.00 80 EA 3 8,000.00 24,000.00 $3,844.00 $11,532.00 $3,388.00 $10,164.00 $4,300.00 $12,900.00 $4,300.00 $12,900.00 $3,700.00 $11,100.00 81 EA 3 10,000.00 30,000.00 $4,825.00 $14,475.00 $3,850.00 $11,550.00 $5,800.00 $17,400.00 $5,755.00 $17,265.00 $4,200.00 $12,600.00 82 EA 4 12,500.00 50,000.00 $6,641.00 $26,564.00 $5,357.00 $21,428.00 $7,925.00 $31,700.00 $7,850.00 $31,400.00 $5,800.00 $23,200.00 83 EA 1 14,500.00 14,500.00 $8,705.50 $8,705.50 $9,111.00 $9,111.00 $8,300.00 $8,300.00 $8,250.00 $8,250.00 $11,000.00 $11,000.00 84 AC 2.2 12,500.00 27,500.00 $8,250.00 $18,150.00 $12,500.00 $27,500.00 $4,000.00 $8,800.00 $13,500.00 $29,700.00 $6,000.00 $13,200.00 85 AC 3.3 15,000.00 49,500.00 $3,350.00 $11,055.00 $2,500.00 $8,250.00 $4,200.00 $13,860.00 $2,700.00 $8,910.00 $3,000.00 $9,900.00 86 CY 885 60.00 53,100.00 $47.50 $42,037.50 $25.00 $22,125.00 $70.00 $61,950.00 $70.00 $61,950.00 $110.00 $97,350.00 87 LF 52 190.00 9,880.00 $276.10 $14,357.20 $288.20 $14,986.40 $264.00 $13,728.00 $192.00 $9,984.00 $350.00 $18,200.00 88 LS 1 16,000.00 16,000.00 $60,000.00 $60,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $45,000.00 $45,000.00 $64,915.00 $64,915.00 $60,000.00 $60,000.00 89 EA 1 700.00 700.00 $1,075.00 $1,075.00 $1,350.00 $1,350.00 $800.00 $800.00 $1,375.00 $1,375.00 $1,200.00 $1,200.00 90 EA 1 1,000.00 1,000.00 $2,070.00 $2,070.00 $3,250.00 $3,250.00 $890.00 $890.00 $3,850.00 $3,850.00 $3,700.00 $3,700.00 91 EA 3 6,500.00 19,500.00 $5,150.00 $15,450.00 $3,000.00 $9,000.00 $7,300.00 $21,900.00 $6,500.00 $19,500.00 $2,400.00 $7,200.00 92 EA 1 5,000.00 5,000.00 $10,875.00 $10,875.00 $11,750.00 $11,750.00 $10,000.00 $10,000.00 $13,755.00 $13,755.00 $14,000.00 $14,000.00 INSTALL NEW 7.5 KW FERRORESONANT CONSTANT CURRENT REGULATOR IN AIRFIELD LIGHTING VAULT AIRFIELD LIGHTING VAULT SPACE UTILITIZATION IMPROVEMENTS (1) 2" PVC SCH 40, DIRECT BURIED (1) 2" PVC SCH 40, CONCRETE ENCASED (2) 2" PVC SCH 40, CONCRETE ENCASED INSTALL NEW AIRCRAFT LOAD RATED CONCRETE HANDHOLE SEEDING MULCH TOPSOIL ADJUST METER BOX ADJUST DOUBLE CHECK VALVE ASSEMBLY (DCVA) BOX REMOVAL OF EXISTING 48 IN. DIAM. WATER MANHOLE AND GATE VALVE 12"X6" TAPPING TEE AND VALVE SALVAGE EXISTING IN-PAVEMENT L-850C RUNWAY EDGE LIGHT AND REINSTALL ON EXISTING L-868 BASE CAN INSTALL NEW L-861T(L) LED TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHT WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER AND HARDWARE ON EXISTING L-867 BASE CAN INSTALL NEW L-861T(L) LED TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHT WITH NEW ISOLATION Pivetta Brothers Construction Pivetta Brothers ConstructionAVERAGE BID Scarsella Bros., Inc. Active Construction CONTRACTOR QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM (CQCP) FOD PREVENTION CONTROLS CATCH BASIN PROTECTION INTERCEPTER BERM EROSION CONTROL BLANKET WHEEL WASH SILT FENCE SEDIMENT TRAP CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND PHASING MOBILIZATION TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL CONSTRUCTION STAKING ASPHALT PAVEMENT REMOVAL - 1 TO 8 INCH THICKNESS ASPHALT PAVEMENT REMOVAL - 8 TO 14 INCH THICKNESS COLD MILLING - VARIABLE DEPTH (2 INCH NOMINAL) BIAXIAL GEOGRID ASPHALT SURFACE COURSE ASPHALT LEVELING COURSE ASPHALT BASE COURSE HMA CL. 1/2 IN. PG 58H-22 FOR FINAL TRENCH PATCH COMMERCIAL HMA FOR TEMPORARY TRENCH PATCH (2-IN. MIN.) 2-IN. HMA CL. 1/2 IN. PG 58H-22 FOR OVERLAY CRUSHED SURFACING TOP COURSE CEMENT CONC. SIDEWALK CEMENT CONC. CURB AND GUTTER CEMENT CONC. GUTTER EMULSIFIED ASPHALT TACK COAT CONCRETE FOR TRANSITION SLABS PAVEMENT MARKING REMOVAL INITIAL MARKINGS COLD MILLING - VARIABLE DEPTH (4 INCH NOMINAL) OVERLAY BASE PREPARATION TRENCH UNDERLAYMENT REMOVAL AND RESTORATION CRACK SEALING TRENCH EXCAVATION SAFETY SYSTEMS UTILITY POTHOLING UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION - WITH PCC UNDERLAYMENT UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION - WITHOUT PCC UNDERLAYMENT EMBANKMENT IN PLACE UNSUITABLE EXCAVATION CONTAMINATED SOIL REMOVAL AND DISPOSAL STRIPPING QUARRY SPALLS DEWATERING CRUSHED AGGREGATE BASE COURSE CHOKE STONE SEPARATION GEOTEXTILE PERMANENT MARKINGS REFLECTIVE PERMANENT MARKINGS PAINT LINE 12-INCH REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE 12-INCH DUCTILE IRON PIPE REMOVE EXISTING STORM DRAINAGE PIPE CONNECT TO EXISTING STORM STRUCTURE ABANDON EXISTING STORM DRAINAGE PIPE CONNECT EXISTING PIPE TO NEW STRUCTURE TRENCHLESS PIPE REPAIR REMOVE PIPE SEDIMENT 6-INCH CONVENTIONAL UNDERDRAIN RESTRAINED DUCTILE IRON PIPE CLASS 52 FOR WATER MAIN, 6 INCH DIAM. ABANDON EXISTING FIRE WATERLINE (CLSM) UNDERDRAIN CLEANOUT 6-INCH UNDERDRAIN OUTFALL PIPE REMOVE EXISTING CATCH BASIN CB TYPE 1 CB TYPE 2 - 48" AIRCRAFT RATED ADJUST STRUCTURE TO GRADE (PAVEMENT) ADJUST STRUCTURE TO GRADE (GRASS INFIELD) AIRFIELD ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DEMOLITION AND SALVAGE BARE #6 CU COUNTERPOISE CABLE INSTALLED IN TRENCH OR BORE INCLUDING GROUND RODS INSTALL NEW L-861T(L) LED TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHT WITH NEW ISOLATION INSTALL NEW L-852T(L) LED IN-PAVEMENT TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHT WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON NEW L-868 BASE CAN INSTALL NEW SIZE 2, 1 MODULE LED AIRFIELD GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON EXISTING CONCRETE FOUNDATION INSTALL NEW SIZE 2, 2 MODULE LED AIRFIELD GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON EXISTING CONCRETE FOUNDATION INSTALL NEW SIZE 2, 4 MODULE LED AIRFIELD GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON EXISTING CONCRETE FOUNDATION INSTALL NEW SIZE 2, 2 MODULE LED AIRFIELD GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON NEW CONCRETE FOUNDATION NEW L-824 TYPE C #8, 5 KV CABLE INSTALLED IN EXISTING OR NEW CONDUIT BID TABULTATION - AWARD ALTERNATIVE #1 AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . i ) 93 EA 1 5,000.00 5,000.00 $11,575.00 $11,575.00 $13,000.00 $13,000.00 $10,150.00 $10,150.00 $13,775.00 $13,775.00 $14,000.00 $14,000.00 94 EA 2 12,000.00 24,000.00 $7,625.00 $15,250.00 $8,650.00 $17,300.00 $6,600.00 $13,200.00 $7,650.00 $15,300.00 $6,300.00 $12,600.00 95 EA 4 1,000.00 4,000.00 $1,400.00 $5,600.00 $1,000.00 $4,000.00 $1,800.00 $7,200.00 $1,835.00 $7,340.00 $1,380.00 $5,520.00 96 EA 3 5,500.00 16,500.00 $2,125.00 $6,375.00 $2,250.00 $6,750.00 $2,000.00 $6,000.00 $4,250.00 $12,750.00 $1,340.00 $4,020.00 97 EA 6 8,000.00 48,000.00 $2,850.00 $17,100.00 $3,000.00 $18,000.00 $2,700.00 $16,200.00 $4,250.00 $25,500.00 $2,400.00 $14,400.00 Subtotal A 8,814,746.00 Subtotal A $9,022,474.77 Subtotal A 8,945,634.05 Subtotal A 9,099,315.45 Subtotal A 8,766,636.60 Subtotal A 11,547,442.00 Tax 10.3% 907,918.84 Tax 10.3% 929,314.90 Tax 10.3% 921,400.31 Tax 10.3% 937,229.49 Tax 10.3% 902,963.57 Tax 10.3% 1,189,386.53 Total A 9,722,664.84 Total A $9,951,789.67 Total A 9,867,034.36 Total A 10,036,544.94 Total A 9,669,600.17 Total A 12,736,828.53 Schedule B 98 LS 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 $13,000.00 $13,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 99 LS 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 $13,000.00 $13,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 100 LS 1 62,000.00 62,000.00 $38,000.00 $38,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $38,500.00 $38,500.00 $500.00 $500.00 101 LS 1 17,000.00 17,000.00 $9,500.00 $9,500.00 $10,000.00 $10,000.00 $9,000.00 $9,000.00 $9,150.00 $9,150.00 $8,000.00 $8,000.00 102 SY 120 7.00 840.00 $23.00 $2,760.00 $30.00 $3,600.00 $16.00 $1,920.00 $36.00 $4,320.00 $14.00 $1,680.00 103 SY 9,530 12.00 114,360.00 $8.63 $82,196.25 $8.25 $78,622.50 $9.00 $85,770.00 $9.75 $92,917.50 $7.00 $66,710.00 104 SY 7,150 8.25 58,987.50 $3.50 $25,025.00 $6.00 $42,900.00 $1.00 $7,150.00 $7.50 $53,625.00 $2.00 $14,300.00 105 TON 2,310 165.00 381,150.00 $167.00 $385,770.00 $164.00 $378,840.00 $170.00 $392,700.00 $174.00 $401,940.00 $165.00 $381,150.00 106 TON 15 300.00 4,500.00 $300.00 $4,500.00 $250.00 $3,750.00 $350.00 $5,250.00 $265.00 $3,975.00 $250.00 $3,750.00 107 TON 6 600.00 3,360.00 $975.00 $5,460.00 $1,000.00 $5,600.00 $950.00 $5,320.00 $1,060.00 $5,936.00 $1,000.00 $5,600.00 108 SF 3,390 1.50 5,085.00 $1.83 $6,186.75 $1.65 $5,593.50 $2.00 $6,780.00 $1.85 $6,271.50 $2.00 $6,780.00 109 SF 4,600 2.25 10,350.00 $2.00 $9,200.00 $2.00 $9,200.00 $2.00 $9,200.00 $2.25 $10,350.00 $2.00 $9,200.00 110 LF 399 150.00 59,850.00 $175.25 $69,924.75 $215.50 $85,984.50 $135.00 $53,865.00 $205.00 $81,795.00 $300.00 $119,700.00 111 LF 198 170.00 33,660.00 $207.13 $41,010.75 $244.25 $48,361.50 $170.00 $33,660.00 $190.00 $37,620.00 $300.00 $59,400.00 112 EA 3 1,200.00 3,600.00 $1,650.00 $4,950.00 $1,500.00 $4,500.00 $1,800.00 $5,400.00 $2,585.00 $7,755.00 $1,000.00 $3,000.00 113 EA 8 20,000.00 160,000.00 $16,500.00 $132,000.00 $23,000.00 $184,000.00 $10,000.00 $80,000.00 $19,500.00 $156,000.00 $9,000.00 $72,000.00 114 EA 2 35,000.00 70,000.00 $8,500.00 $17,000.00 $11,000.00 $22,000.00 $6,000.00 $12,000.00 $7,405.00 $14,810.00 $8,000.00 $16,000.00 Subtotal B 1,004,742.50 $859,483.50 $1,007,952.00 $711,015.00 $934,965.00 $768,770.00 Tax 10.3% 103,488.48 88,526.80 103,819.06 73,234.55 96,301.40 79,183.31 Total B 1,108,230.98 $948,010.30 $1,111,771.06 $784,249.55 $1,031,266.40 $847,953.31 Schedule G 174 LS 1 160,000.00 160,000.00 $13,000.00 $13,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $250,000.00 $250,000.00 $240,000.00 $240,000.00 175 LS 1 30,000.00 30,000.00 $5,500.00 $5,500.00 $10,000.00 $10,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $55,000.00 $55,000.00 $350,000.00 $350,000.00 176 EA 30 175.00 5,250.00 $100.00 $3,000.00 $125.00 $3,750.00 $75.00 $2,250.00 $82.50 $2,475.00 $100.00 $3,000.00 177 LF 2,864 10.00 28,640.00 $5.00 $14,320.00 $4.00 $11,456.00 $6.00 $17,184.00 $6.00 $17,184.00 $8.00 $22,912.00 178 EA 2 3,500.00 7,000.00 $8,750.00 $17,500.00 $7,500.00 $15,000.00 $10,000.00 $20,000.00 $11,355.00 $22,710.00 $22,000.00 $44,000.00 179 LS 1 50,000.00 50,000.00 $5,500.00 $5,500.00 $10,000.00 $10,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $72,000.00 $72,000.00 $700,000.00 $700,000.00 180 LS 1 510,000.00 510,000.00 $400,000.00 $400,000.00 $300,000.00 $300,000.00 $500,000.00 $500,000.00 $420,000.00 $420,000.00 $500,000.00 $500,000.00 181 LS 1 125,000.00 125,000.00 $68,750.00 $68,750.00 $70,000.00 $70,000.00 $67,500.00 $67,500.00 $69,500.00 $69,500.00 $300,000.00 $300,000.00 182 SY 17,420 7.00 121,940.00 $11.58 $201,636.50 $10.15 $176,813.00 $13.00 $226,460.00 $10.75 $187,265.00 $14.00 $243,880.00 183 SY 750 15.00 11,250.00 $21.75 $16,312.50 $18.50 $13,875.00 $25.00 $18,750.00 $18.50 $13,875.00 $26.00 $19,500.00 184 SY 1,380 10.00 13,800.00 $7.13 $9,832.50 $4.75 $6,555.00 $9.50 $13,110.00 $11.00 $15,180.00 $4.00 $5,520.00 185 SY 1,910 12.00 22,920.00 $8.18 $15,614.25 $7.35 $14,038.50 $9.00 $17,190.00 $11.65 $22,251.50 $7.00 $13,370.00 186 SY 1,430 8.25 11,797.50 $3.50 $5,005.00 $6.00 $8,580.00 $1.00 $1,430.00 $9.25 $13,227.50 $2.00 $2,860.00 187 FA 1 15,000.00 15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 188 LS 1 42,000.00 42,000.00 $4,000.00 $4,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 $2,500.00 $2,500.00 $57,000.00 $57,000.00 189 EA 34 800.00 27,200.00 $650.00 $22,100.00 $600.00 $20,400.00 $700.00 $23,800.00 $900.00 $30,600.00 $700.00 $23,800.00 190 CY 6,530 50.00 326,500.00 $52.50 $342,825.00 $25.00 $163,250.00 $80.00 $522,400.00 $62.45 $407,798.50 $76.00 $496,280.00 191 CY 1,640 30.00 49,200.00 $34.00 $55,760.00 $20.00 $32,800.00 $48.00 $78,720.00 $46.20 $75,768.00 $70.00 $114,800.00 192 CY 570 15.00 8,550.00 $57.50 $32,775.00 $5.00 $2,850.00 $110.00 $62,700.00 $4.25 $2,422.50 $8.00 $4,560.00 193 CY 1,890 50.00 94,500.00 $49.50 $93,555.00 $45.00 $85,050.00 $54.00 $102,060.00 $58.35 $110,281.50 $50.00 $94,500.00 194 CY 500 50.00 25,000.00 $49.25 $24,625.00 $45.00 $22,500.00 $53.50 $26,750.00 $51.25 $25,625.00 $80.00 $40,000.00 195 CY 1,260 100.00 126,000.00 $101.25 $127,575.00 $82.50 $103,950.00 $120.00 $151,200.00 $77.25 $97,335.00 $80.00 $100,800.00 196 LS 1 95,000.00 95,000.00 $13,750.00 $13,750.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $2,500.00 $2,500.00 $40,000.00 $40,000.00 $37,000.00 $37,000.00 197 CY 5,100 75.00 382,500.00 $93.20 $475,320.00 $96.40 $491,640.00 $90.00 $459,000.00 $106.50 $543,150.00 $120.00 $612,000.00 198 CY 640 85.00 54,400.00 $110.20 $70,528.00 $90.40 $57,856.00 $130.00 $83,200.00 $98.00 $62,720.00 $90.00 $57,600.00 199 SY 22,530 3.00 67,590.00 $1.98 $44,496.75 $1.45 $32,668.50 $2.50 $56,325.00 $2.00 $45,060.00 $3.00 $67,590.00 200 SY 3,760 4.00 15,040.00 $3.33 $12,502.00 $2.65 $9,964.00 $4.00 $15,040.00 $5.00 $18,800.00 $5.00 $18,800.00 201 TON 4,980 175.00 871,500.00 $167.00 $831,660.00 $164.00 $816,720.00 $170.00 $846,600.00 $174.00 $866,520.00 $165.00 $821,700.00 202 TON 25 1,000.00 25,000.00 $300.00 $7,500.00 $250.00 $6,250.00 $350.00 $8,750.00 $265.00 $6,625.00 $250.00 $6,250.00 203 TON 6,820 175.00 1,193,500.00 $156.50 $1,067,330.00 $143.00 $975,260.00 $170.00 $1,159,400.00 $152.00 $1,036,640.00 $145.00 $988,900.00 204 TON 25 600.00 15,000.00 $980.00 $24,500.00 $1,000.00 $25,000.00 $960.00 $24,000.00 $1,075.00 $26,875.00 $1,000.00 $25,000.00 205 SY 300 230.00 69,000.00 $234.00 $70,200.00 $225.00 $67,500.00 $243.00 $72,900.00 $205.00 $61,500.00 $200.00 $60,000.00 206 SF 140 2.00 280.00 $10.50 $1,470.00 $10.00 $1,400.00 $11.00 $1,540.00 $10.80 $1,512.00 $10.00 $1,400.00 207 SF 5,360 1.50 8,040.00 $1.83 $9,782.00 $1.65 $8,844.00 $2.00 $10,720.00 $1.80 $9,648.00 $2.00 $10,720.00 208 SF 0 2.00 0.00 $1.93 $0.00 $1.85 $0.00 $2.00 $0.00 $2.00 $0.00 $2.00 $0.00 209 SF 6,650 2.25 14,962.50 $2.00 $13,300.00 $2.00 $13,300.00 $2.00 $13,300.00 $2.15 $14,297.50 $2.00 $13,300.00 210 LF 515 150.00 77,250.00 $133.10 $68,546.50 $132.20 $68,083.00 $134.00 $69,010.00 $190.00 $97,850.00 $300.00 $154,500.00 211 LF 445 170.00 75,650.00 $176.30 $78,453.50 $185.60 $82,592.00 $167.00 $74,315.00 $230.00 $102,350.00 $300.00 $133,500.00 212 LF 531 12.00 6,372.00 $55.50 $29,470.50 $20.00 $10,620.00 $91.00 $48,321.00 $22.00 $11,682.00 $100.00 $53,100.00 213 EA 4 1,500.00 6,000.00 $1,900.00 $7,600.00 $2,000.00 $8,000.00 $1,800.00 $7,200.00 $2,460.00 $9,840.00 $1,500.00 $6,000.00 214 EA 2 1,200.00 2,400.00 $1,675.00 $3,350.00 $1,500.00 $3,000.00 $1,850.00 $3,700.00 $1,600.00 $3,200.00 $1,000.00 $2,000.00 215 LF 2,438 70.00 170,660.00 $50.13 $122,204.75 $26.75 $65,216.50 $73.50 $179,193.00 $50.35 $122,753.30 $53.00 $129,214.00 216 EA 36 1,000.00 36,000.00 $1,135.00 $40,860.00 $1,270.00 $45,720.00 $1,000.00 $36,000.00 $620.00 $22,320.00 $1,000.00 $36,000.00 217 LF 519 50.00 25,950.00 $66.38 $34,448.63 $26.75 $13,883.25 $106.00 $55,014.00 $56.00 $29,064.00 $53.00 $27,507.00 218 EA 3 350.00 1,050.00 $640.00 $1,920.00 $800.00 $2,400.00 $480.00 $1,440.00 $1,005.00 $3,015.00 $800.00 $2,400.00 219 EA 8 10,000.00 80,000.00 $1,825.00 $14,600.00 $2,050.00 $16,400.00 $1,600.00 $12,800.00 $2,185.00 $17,480.00 $1,700.00 $13,600.00 220 EA 2 550.00 1,100.00 $1,525.00 $3,050.00 $2,000.00 $4,000.00 $1,050.00 $2,100.00 $2,750.00 $5,500.00 $1,450.00 $2,900.00 221 LS 1 100,000.00 100,000.00 $1,769.00 $1,769.00 $1,738.00 $1,738.00 $1,800.00 $1,800.00 $19,000.00 $19,000.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 222 LF 1,405 4.00 5,620.00 $3.53 $4,959.65 $2.56 $3,596.80 $4.50 $6,322.50 $4.55 $6,392.75 $3.00 $4,215.00 223 LF 6,980 4.00 27,920.00 $2.15 $15,007.00 $1.80 $12,564.00 $2.50 $17,450.00 $2.55 $17,799.00 $2.00 $13,960.00 224 LF 1,150 35.00 40,250.00 $33.40 $38,410.00 $25.30 $29,095.00 $41.50 $47,725.00 $41.50 $47,725.00 $30.00 $34,500.00 225 LF 255 65.00 16,575.00 $76.90 $19,609.50 $62.80 $16,014.00 $91.00 $23,205.00 $90.10 $22,975.50 $70.00 $17,850.00 226 EA 1 750.00 750.00 $2,350.50 $2,350.50 $2,201.00 $2,201.00 $2,500.00 $2,500.00 $2,600.00 $2,600.00 $3,400.00 $3,400.00 227 EA 20 750.00 15,000.00 $899.00 $17,980.00 $548.00 $10,960.00 $1,250.00 $25,000.00 $1,250.00 $25,000.00 $600.00 $12,000.00 228 EA 3 1,400.00 4,200.00 $1,731.00 $5,193.00 $1,662.00 $4,986.00 $1,800.00 $5,400.00 $1,815.00 $5,445.00 $1,800.00 $5,400.00 229 EA 20 2,200.00 44,000.00 $2,438.00 $48,760.00 $2,026.00 $40,520.00 $2,850.00 $57,000.00 $2,825.00 $56,500.00 $3,400.00 $68,000.00 230 EA 2 8,000.00 16,000.00 $3,944.00 $7,888.00 $3,388.00 $6,776.00 $4,500.00 $9,000.00 $4,505.00 $9,010.00 $3,700.00 $7,400.00 231 EA 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 $4,925.00 $4,925.00 $3,850.00 $3,850.00 $6,000.00 $6,000.00 $5,950.00 $5,950.00 $4,200.00 $4,200.00 232 EA 1 14,500.00 14,500.00 $8,030.50 $8,030.50 $9,111.00 $9,111.00 $6,950.00 $6,950.00 $6,900.00 $6,900.00 $11,000.00 $11,000.00 16"X6" TAPPING TEE AND VALVE HYDRANT ASSEMBLY BOLLARD REMOVAL OF EXISTING ABOVE GRADE FIRE HYDRANT REMOVAL OF EXISTING BELOW GRADE FIRE HYDRANT 12-INCH DUCTILE IRON PIPE CONNECT EXISTING PIPE TO NEW STRUCTURE CB TYPE 3 - AIRCRAFT RATED CB TYPE 4 - AIRCRAFT RATED SMH ASPHALT SURFACE COURSE ASPHALT LEVELING COURSE EMULSIFIED ASPHALT TACK COAT INITIAL MARKINGS REFLECTIVE PERMANENT MARKINGS 12-INCH REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND PHASING MOBILIZATION CONSTRUCTION STAKING ASPHALT PAVEMENT REMOVAL - 1 TO 8 INCH THICKNESS COLD MILLING - VARIABLE DEPTH (4 INCH NOMINAL) OVERLAY BASE PREPARATION FOD PREVENTION CONTROLS REMOVE EXISTING CATCH BASIN INITIAL MARKINGS PERMANENT MARKINGS REFLECTIVE PERMANENT MARKINGS 12-INCH REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE 12-INCH DUCTILE IRON PIPE REMOVE EXISTING STORM DRAINAGE PIPE ASPHALT SURFACE COURSE ASPHALT LEVELING COURSE ASPHALT BASE COURSE EMULSIFIED ASPHALT TACK COAT CONCRETE FOR TRANSITION SLABS PAVEMENT MARKING REMOVAL QUARRY SPALLS DEWATERING CRUSHED AGGREGATE BASE COURSE CHOKE STONE SEPARATION GEOTEXTILE BIAXIAL GEOGRID UTILITY POTHOLING UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION - WITH PCC UNDERLAYMENT UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION - WITHOUT PCC UNDERLAYMENT EMBANKMENT IN PLACE UNSUITABLE EXCAVATION STRIPPING CONTRACTOR QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM (CQCP) FOD PREVENTION CONTROLS CATCH BASIN PROTECTION ASPHALT PAVEMENT REMOVAL - 8 TO 14 INCH THICKNESS COLD MILLING - VARIABLE DEPTH (2 INCH NOMINAL) COLD MILLING - VARIABLE DEPTH (4 INCH NOMINAL) OVERLAY BASE PREPARATION CRACK SEALING TRENCH EXCAVATION SAFETY SYSTEMS INTERCEPTER BERM WHEEL WASH CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND PHASING MOBILIZATION CONSTRUCTION STAKING ASPHALT PAVEMENT REMOVAL - 1 TO 8 INCH THICKNESS INSTALL NEW SIZE 2, 2 MODULE LED AIRFIELD GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON EXISTING CONCRETE FOUNDATION INSTALL NEW SIZE 2, 2 MODULE LED AIRFIELD GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON NEW CONCRETE FOUNDATION (2) 2" PVC SCH 40, CONCRETE ENCASED SALVAGE EXISTING ELEVATED L-861 RUNWAY EDGE LIGHT AND REINSTALL ON NEW L- 867 BASE CAN INSTALL NEW L-861T(L) LED TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHT WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER AND HARDWARE ON EXISTING L-867 BASE CAN INSTALL NEW L-861T(L) LED TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHT WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER AND HARDWARE INCLUDING BASE CAN EXTENSION/SPACER RINGS ON INSTALL NEW L-861T(L) LED TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHT WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER AND HARDWARE ON NEW L-867 BASE CAN INSTALL NEW SIZE 2, 1 MODULE LED AIRFIELD GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON EXISTING CONCRETE FOUNDATION CB TYPE I ADJUST STRUCTURE TO GRADE (PAVEMENT) AIRFIELD ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DEMOLITION AND SALVAGE BARE #6 CU COUNTERPOISE CABLE INSTALLED IN TRENCH OR BORE INCLUDING GROUND RODS NEW L-824 TYPE C #8, 5 KV CABLE INSTALLED IN EXISTING OR NEW CONDUIT (1) 2" PVC SCH 40, DIRECT BURIED CONNECT TO EXISTING STORM STRUCTURE CONNECT EXISTING PIPE TO NEW STRUCTURE 6-INCH CONVENTIONAL UNDERDRAIN UNDERDRAIN CLEANOUT 6-INCH UNDERDRAIN OUTFALL PIPE AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . i ) 233 EA 1 18,000.00 18,000.00 $9,280.00 $9,280.00 $10,060.00 $10,060.00 $8,500.00 $8,500.00 $8,500.00 $8,500.00 $12,000.00 $12,000.00 234 EA 1 3,500.00 3,500.00 $2,017.50 $2,017.50 $3,085.00 $3,085.00 $950.00 $950.00 $955.00 $955.00 $3,700.00 $3,700.00 235 AC 1 12,500.00 6,250.00 $8,750.00 $4,375.00 $13,500.00 $6,750.00 $4,000.00 $2,000.00 $14,850.00 $7,425.00 $6,000.00 $3,000.00 236 AC 1 15,000.00 12,000.00 $3,600.00 $2,880.00 $3,000.00 $2,400.00 $4,200.00 $3,360.00 $3,300.00 $2,640.00 $3,000.00 $2,400.00 237 CY 500 60.00 30,000.00 $47.50 $23,750.00 $25.00 $12,500.00 $70.00 $35,000.00 $70.00 $35,000.00 $110.00 $55,000.00 238 LS 1 14,000.00 14,000.00 $55,000.00 $55,000.00 $65,000.00 $65,000.00 $45,000.00 $45,000.00 $61,550.00 $61,550.00 $60,000.00 $60,000.00 239 EA 6 6,500.00 39,000.00 $2,090.00 $12,540.00 $3,500.00 $21,000.00 $680.00 $4,080.00 $6,500.00 $39,000.00 $2,400.00 $14,400.00 240 EA 7 8,000.00 56,000.00 $2,600.00 $18,200.00 $2,500.00 $17,500.00 $2,700.00 $18,900.00 $6,500.00 $45,500.00 $2,400.00 $16,800.00 241 FA 1 25,000.00 25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 Subtotal G 5,604,357.00 $4,868,953.03 $4,271,891.55 $5,466,014.50 $5,537,267.55 $7,049,988.00 Tax 10.3% 577,248.77 501,502.16 440,004.83 562,999.49 570,338.56 726,148.76 Total G 6,181,605.77 $5,370,455.19 $4,711,896.38 $6,029,013.99 $6,107,606.11 $7,776,136.76 Schedule H 242 LS 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $0.00 $0.00 $500.00 $500.00 243 LS 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 244 LS 1 32,000.00 32,000.00 $13,000.00 $13,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $24,500.00 $24,500.00 $500.00 $500.00 245 LS 1 17,000.00 17,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,500.00 $5,500.00 $4,500.00 $4,500.00 $4,600.00 $4,600.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 246 SY 4,400 12.00 52,800.00 $9.48 $41,690.00 $9.45 $41,580.00 $9.50 $41,800.00 $11.65 $51,260.00 $7.00 $30,800.00 247 SY 3,290 8.25 27,142.50 $3.00 $9,870.00 $5.00 $16,450.00 $1.00 $3,290.00 $9.25 $30,432.50 $2.00 $6,580.00 248 TON 1,050 175.00 183,750.00 $167.00 $175,350.00 $164.00 $172,200.00 $170.00 $178,500.00 $174.00 $182,700.00 $165.00 $173,250.00 249 TON 10 1,000.00 10,000.00 $300.00 $3,000.00 $250.00 $2,500.00 $350.00 $3,500.00 $265.00 $2,650.00 $250.00 $2,500.00 250 TON 3 600.00 1,560.00 $975.00 $2,535.00 $1,000.00 $2,600.00 $950.00 $2,470.00 $1,060.00 $2,756.00 $1,000.00 $2,600.00 251 SF 1,840 1.50 2,760.00 $1.83 $3,358.00 $1.65 $3,036.00 $2.00 $3,680.00 $2.00 $3,680.00 $2.00 $3,680.00 252 SF 2,330 2.25 5,242.50 $1.93 $4,485.25 $1.85 $4,310.50 $2.00 $4,660.00 $2.00 $4,660.00 $2.00 $4,660.00 Subtotal H 352,255.00 $264,288.25 $283,176.50 $245,400.00 $312,238.50 $228,570.00 Tax 10.3% 36,282.27 27,221.69 29,167.18 25,276.20 32,160.57 23,542.71 Total H 388,537.27 $291,509.94 $312,343.68 $270,676.20 $344,399.07 $252,112.71 AWARD ALTERNATIVE 1 (Base Bid Schedules A + B + G + H)=17,401,038.86 $16,561,765.10 $16,003,045.48 $17,120,484.68 $17,152,871.75 $21,613,031.31 ASPHALT SURFACE COURSE ASPHALT LEVELING COURSE EMULSIFIED ASPHALT TACK COAT INITIAL MARKINGS REFLECTIVE PERMANENT MARKINGS FOD PREVENTION CONTROLS CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND PHASING MOBILIZATION CONSTRUCTION STAKING COLD MILLING - VARIABLE DEPTH (4 INCH NOMINAL) OVERLAY BASE PREPARATION TOPSOIL ABANDON EXISTING FIRE WATERLINE (CLSM) REMOVAL OF EXISTING 48 IN. DIAM. WATER MANHOLE AND GATE VALVE REMOVAL OF EXISTING BELOW GRADE FIRE HYDRANT 4" COMPRESSED AIR, DIRECT BURIED INSTALL NEW SIZE 2, 4 MODULE LED AIRFIELD GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON NEW CONCRETE FOUNDATION SALVAGE EXISTING IN-PAVEMENT L-850C RUNWAY EDGE LIGHT AND REINSTALL ON NEW L-868 BASE CAN SEEDING MULCH AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . i ) Project Taxiway A Rehabilitation City of Renton BID DATE:8/20/2025 Engineers Estimate Item No. Description Unit Quantity Unit Price Bid Amount Unit Price Bid Amount Unit Price Bid Amount Unit Price Bid Amount Unit Price Bid Amount Unit Price Bid Amount Schedule A 1 LS 1 340,000.00 $340,000.00 $237,500.00 $237,500.00 $425,000.00 $425,000.00 $50,000.00 $50,000.00 $350,000.00 $350,000.00 $400,000.00 $400,000.00 2 LS 1 70,000.00 $70,000.00 $287,500.00 $287,500.00 $535,000.00 $535,000.00 $40,000.00 $40,000.00 $85,000.00 $85,000.00 $400,000.00 $400,000.00 3 EA 63 175.00 $11,025.00 $96.50 $6,079.50 $125.00 $7,875.00 $68.00 $4,284.00 $82.50 $5,197.50 $100.00 $6,300.00 4 LF 5623 10.00 $56,230.00 $5.00 $28,115.00 $4.00 $22,492.00 $6.00 $33,738.00 $5.75 $32,332.25 $8.00 $44,984.00 5 SY 43 20.00 $860.00 $20.00 $860.00 $35.00 $1,505.00 $5.00 $215.00 $55.00 $2,365.00 $5.00 $215.00 6 EA 5 3,500.00 $17,500.00 $11,250.00 $56,250.00 $7,500.00 $37,500.00 $15,000.00 $75,000.00 $11,355.00 $56,775.00 $22,000.00 $110,000.00 7 LF 245 18.00 $4,410.00 $7.50 $1,837.50 $8.00 $1,960.00 $7.00 $1,715.00 $10.25 $2,511.25 $7.00 $1,715.00 8 EA 1 10,000.00 $10,000.00 $3,525.00 $3,525.00 $6,050.00 $6,050.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $2,375.00 $2,375.00 $8,500.00 $8,500.00 9 LS 1 100,000.00 $100,000.00 $370,000.00 $370,000.00 $680,000.00 $680,000.00 $60,000.00 $60,000.00 $136,105.00 $136,105.00 $850,000.00 $850,000.00 10 LS 1 802,000.00 $802,000.00 $885,000.00 $885,000.00 $870,000.00 $870,000.00 $900,000.00 $900,000.00 $650,000.00 $650,000.00 $900,000.00 $900,000.00 11 LS 1 10,000.00 $10,000.00 $185,263.73 $185,263.73 $141,500.00 $141,500.00 $229,027.45 $229,027.45 $17,050.00 $17,050.00 $800,000.00 $800,000.00 12 LS 1 275,000.00 $275,000.00 $155,000.00 $155,000.00 $160,000.00 $160,000.00 $150,000.00 $150,000.00 $158,000.00 $158,000.00 $350,000.00 $350,000.00 13 SY 23700 7.00 $165,900.00 $12.08 $286,177.50 $10.15 $240,555.00 $14.00 $331,800.00 $10.75 $254,775.00 $14.00 $331,800.00 14 SY 2750 15.00 $41,250.00 $22.50 $61,875.00 $18.50 $50,875.00 $26.50 $72,875.00 $14.60 $40,150.00 $26.00 $71,500.00 15 SY 8595 10.00 $85,950.00 $6.88 $59,090.63 $4.75 $40,826.25 $9.00 $77,355.00 $7.80 $67,041.00 $4.00 $34,380.00 16 SY 2608 12.00 $31,296.00 $8.68 $22,624.40 $7.35 $19,168.80 $10.00 $26,080.00 $9.00 $23,472.00 $7.00 $18,256.00 17 SY 1120 8.25 $9,240.00 $3.50 $3,920.00 $6.00 $6,720.00 $1.00 $1,120.00 $9.00 $10,080.00 $2.00 $2,240.00 18 SY 960 15.00 $14,400.00 $45.00 $43,200.00 $35.00 $33,600.00 $55.00 $52,800.00 $74.00 $71,040.00 $90.00 $86,400.00 19 FA 1 15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 20 LS 1 46,000.00 $46,000.00 $4,150.00 $4,150.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $3,300.00 $3,300.00 $2,500.00 $2,500.00 $57,000.00 $57,000.00 21 EA 43 800.00 $34,400.00 $650.00 $27,950.00 $600.00 $25,800.00 $700.00 $30,100.00 $865.00 $37,195.00 $700.00 $30,100.00 22 CY 6520 50.00 $326,000.00 $52.50 $342,300.00 $25.00 $163,000.00 $80.00 $521,600.00 $62.45 $407,174.00 $76.00 $495,520.00 23 CY 5120 30.00 $153,600.00 $34.25 $175,360.00 $20.00 $102,400.00 $48.50 $248,320.00 $46.20 $236,544.00 $70.00 $358,400.00 24 CY 910 15.00 $13,650.00 $58.00 $52,780.00 $5.00 $4,550.00 $111.00 $101,010.00 $4.25 $3,867.50 $8.00 $7,280.00 25 CY 2860 50.00 $143,000.00 $48.50 $138,710.00 $45.00 $128,700.00 $52.00 $148,720.00 $58.35 $166,881.00 $50.00 $143,000.00 26 CY 410 160.00 $65,600.00 $250.50 $102,705.00 $236.00 $96,760.00 $265.00 $108,650.00 $215.00 $88,150.00 $200.00 $82,000.00 27 CY 1175 50.00 $58,750.00 $46.50 $54,637.50 $45.00 $52,875.00 $48.00 $56,400.00 $51.25 $60,218.75 $80.00 $94,000.00 28 CY 1910 100.00 $191,000.00 $98.75 $188,612.50 $82.50 $157,575.00 $115.00 $219,650.00 $77.75 $148,502.50 $80.00 $152,800.00 29 LS 1 125,000.00 $125,000.00 $20,250.00 $20,250.00 $10,500.00 $10,500.00 $30,000.00 $30,000.00 $22,000.00 $22,000.00 $37,000.00 $37,000.00 30 CY 7300 75.00 $547,500.00 $91.20 $665,760.00 $96.40 $703,720.00 $86.00 $627,800.00 $106.50 $777,450.00 $120.00 $876,000.00 31 CY 960 85.00 $81,600.00 $111.20 $106,752.00 $90.40 $86,784.00 $132.00 $126,720.00 $98.00 $94,080.00 $90.00 $86,400.00 32 SY 33460 3.00 $100,380.00 $1.73 $57,718.50 $1.45 $48,517.00 $2.00 $66,920.00 $2.00 $66,920.00 $3.00 $100,380.00 33 SY 5700 4.00 $22,800.00 $3.33 $18,952.50 $2.65 $15,105.00 $4.00 $22,800.00 $5.00 $28,500.00 $5.00 $28,500.00 34 TON 8640 165.00 $1,425,600.00 $167.00 $1,442,880.00 $164.00 $1,416,960.00 $170.00 $1,468,800.00 $174.00 $1,503,360.00 $165.00 $1,425,600.00 35 TON 100 300.00 $30,000.00 $300.00 $30,000.00 $250.00 $25,000.00 $350.00 $35,000.00 $265.00 $26,500.00 $250.00 $25,000.00 36 TON 8780 165.00 $1,448,700.00 $156.50 $1,374,070.00 $143.00 $1,255,540.00 $170.00 $1,492,600.00 $152.00 $1,334,560.00 $145.00 $1,273,100.00 37 TON 20 220.00 $4,400.00 $300.00 $6,000.00 $320.00 $6,400.00 $280.00 $5,600.00 $315.00 $6,300.00 $300.00 $6,000.00 38 TON 3 200.00 $600.00 $645.00 $1,935.00 $1,000.00 $3,000.00 $290.00 $870.00 $1,735.00 $5,205.00 $320.00 $960.00 39 TON 3 180.00 $540.00 $887.50 $2,662.50 $1,605.00 $4,815.00 $170.00 $510.00 $1,735.00 $5,205.00 $320.00 $960.00 40 TON 14 55.00 $770.00 $112.50 $1,575.00 $150.00 $2,100.00 $75.00 $1,050.00 $385.00 $5,390.00 $100.00 $1,400.00 41 SY 20 200.00 $4,000.00 $241.00 $4,820.00 $200.00 $4,000.00 $282.00 $5,640.00 $315.00 $6,300.00 $120.00 $2,400.00 42 LF 15 65.00 $975.00 $172.50 $2,587.50 $150.00 $2,250.00 $195.00 $2,925.00 $250.00 $3,750.00 $120.00 $1,800.00 43 LF 10 45.00 $450.00 $246.00 $2,460.00 $200.00 $2,000.00 $292.00 $2,920.00 $370.00 $3,700.00 $120.00 $1,200.00 44 TON 35 600.00 $21,000.00 $975.00 $34,125.00 $1,000.00 $35,000.00 $950.00 $33,250.00 $1,005.00 $35,175.00 $1,000.00 $35,000.00 45 SY 110 230.00 $25,300.00 $252.50 $27,775.00 $225.00 $24,750.00 $280.00 $30,800.00 $275.00 $30,250.00 $200.00 $22,000.00 46 SF 1120 2.00 $2,240.00 $3.63 $4,060.00 $3.50 $3,920.00 $3.75 $4,200.00 $3.80 $4,256.00 $10.00 $11,200.00 47 SF 11480 1.50 $17,220.00 $1.83 $20,951.00 $1.65 $18,942.00 $2.00 $22,960.00 $1.80 $20,664.00 $2.00 $22,960.00 48 SF 570 2.00 $1,140.00 $1.93 $1,097.25 $1.85 $1,054.50 $2.00 $1,140.00 $2.00 $1,140.00 $2.00 $1,140.00 49 SF 14000 2.25 $31,500.00 $2.00 $28,000.00 $2.00 $28,000.00 $2.00 $28,000.00 $2.15 $30,100.00 $2.00 $28,000.00 50 LF 10 4.00 $40.00 $10.50 $105.00 $10.00 $100.00 $11.00 $110.00 $11.00 $110.00 $10.00 $100.00 51 LF 299 150.00 $44,850.00 $134.00 $40,066.00 $125.00 $37,375.00 $143.00 $42,757.00 $137.50 $41,112.50 $300.00 $89,700.00 52 LF 1396 170.00 $237,320.00 $174.50 $243,602.00 $180.00 $251,280.00 $169.00 $235,924.00 $265.00 $369,940.00 $300.00 $418,800.00 53 LF 1033 12.00 $12,396.00 $58.00 $59,914.00 $25.00 $25,825.00 $91.00 $94,003.00 $22.00 $22,726.00 $100.00 $103,300.00 54 EA 12 1,500.00 $18,000.00 $1,575.00 $18,900.00 $1,500.00 $18,000.00 $1,650.00 $19,800.00 $1,100.00 $13,200.00 $1,500.00 $18,000.00 55 LF 316 10.00 $3,160.00 $31.50 $9,954.00 $25.00 $7,900.00 $38.00 $12,008.00 $41.50 $13,114.00 $80.00 $25,280.00 56 EA 4 1,200.00 $4,800.00 $2,175.00 $8,700.00 $2,500.00 $10,000.00 $1,850.00 $7,400.00 $3,225.00 $12,900.00 $1,000.00 $4,000.00 57A FA 1 75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 57B LF 689 56.00 $38,584.00 $13.00 $8,957.00 $20.00 $13,780.00 $6.00 $4,134.00 $16.50 $11,368.50 $20.00 $13,780.00 58 LF 4031 70.00 $282,170.00 $43.38 $174,844.63 $26.75 $107,829.25 $60.00 $241,860.00 $50.35 $202,960.85 $53.00 $213,643.00 59 EA 60 1,000.00 $60,000.00 $1,130.00 $67,800.00 $1,270.00 $76,200.00 $990.00 $59,400.00 $620.00 $37,200.00 $1,000.00 $60,000.00 60 LF 683 50.00 $34,150.00 $65.88 $44,992.63 $26.75 $18,270.25 $105.00 $71,715.00 $56.00 $38,248.00 $53.00 $36,199.00 61 EA 12 350.00 $4,200.00 $640.00 $7,680.00 $800.00 $9,600.00 $480.00 $5,760.00 $1,005.00 $12,060.00 $800.00 $9,600.00 62 EA 18 10,000.00 $180,000.00 $1,732.50 $31,185.00 $2,165.00 $38,970.00 $1,300.00 $23,400.00 $2,185.00 $39,330.00 $1,700.00 $30,600.00 63 EA 1 40,000.00 $40,000.00 $7,525.00 $7,525.00 $8,050.00 $8,050.00 $7,000.00 $7,000.00 $12,500.00 $12,500.00 $8,000.00 $8,000.00 64 EA 2 550.00 $1,100.00 $1,532.50 $3,065.00 $2,000.00 $4,000.00 $1,065.00 $2,130.00 $2,750.00 $5,500.00 $1,500.00 $3,000.00 65 EA 2 400.00 $800.00 $1,190.00 $2,380.00 $1,500.00 $3,000.00 $880.00 $1,760.00 $2,750.00 $5,500.00 $1,500.00 $3,000.00 66 LS 1 50,000.00 $50,000.00 $34,575.00 $34,575.00 $21,650.00 $21,650.00 $47,500.00 $47,500.00 $90,000.00 $90,000.00 $30,000.00 $30,000.00 67 LF 1410 4.00 $5,640.00 $3.41 $4,801.05 $2.56 $3,609.60 $4.25 $5,992.50 $4.30 $6,063.00 $3.00 $4,230.00 68 LF 13345 4.00 $53,380.00 $2.15 $28,691.75 $1.80 $24,021.00 $2.50 $33,362.50 $2.50 $33,362.50 $2.00 $26,690.00 69 EA 0 30,000.00 $0.00 $18,737.50 $0.00 $15,725.00 $0.00 $21,750.00 $0.00 $21,700.00 $0.00 $17,000.00 $0.00 70 EA 0 80,000.00 $0.00 $11,400.00 $0.00 $12,800.00 $0.00 $10,000.00 $0.00 $9,965.00 $0.00 $20,000.00 $0.00 71 LF 1070 35.00 $37,450.00 $31.90 $34,133.00 $25.30 $27,071.00 $38.50 $41,195.00 $38.25 $40,927.50 $28.00 $29,960.00 72 LF 180 55.00 $9,900.00 $67.40 $12,132.00 $56.30 $10,134.00 $78.50 $14,130.00 $78.00 $14,040.00 $60.00 $10,800.00 73 LF 160 65.00 $10,400.00 $74.15 $11,864.00 $62.80 $10,048.00 $85.50 $13,680.00 $84.80 $13,568.00 $68.00 $10,880.00 74 EA 1 20,000.00 $20,000.00 $12,870.00 $12,870.00 $12,440.00 $12,440.00 $13,300.00 $13,300.00 $1,635.00 $1,635.00 $14,000.00 $14,000.00 75 EA 2 2,000.00 $4,000.00 $1,201.00 $2,402.00 $1,526.00 $3,052.00 $876.00 $1,752.00 $865.00 $1,730.00 $2,600.00 $5,200.00 76 EA 65 750.00 $48,750.00 $761.50 $49,497.50 $548.00 $35,620.00 $975.00 $63,375.00 $970.00 $63,050.00 $600.00 $39,000.00 77 EA 7 1,400.00 $9,800.00 $1,693.50 $11,854.50 $1,662.00 $11,634.00 $1,725.00 $12,075.00 $1,705.00 $11,935.00 $1,800.00 $12,600.00 78 EA 12 2,200.00 $26,400.00 $2,338.00 $28,056.00 $2,026.00 $24,312.00 $2,650.00 $31,800.00 $2,610.00 $31,320.00 $2,200.00 $26,400.00 79 EA 3 3,500.00 $10,500.00 $4,696.50 $14,089.50 $4,393.00 $13,179.00 $5,000.00 $15,000.00 $5,015.00 $15,045.00 $5,700.00 $17,100.00 80 EA 3 8,000.00 $24,000.00 $3,844.00 $11,532.00 $3,388.00 $10,164.00 $4,300.00 $12,900.00 $4,300.00 $12,900.00 $3,700.00 $11,100.00 81 EA 3 10,000.00 $30,000.00 $4,825.00 $14,475.00 $3,850.00 $11,550.00 $5,800.00 $17,400.00 $5,755.00 $17,265.00 $4,200.00 $12,600.00 82 EA 4 12,500.00 $50,000.00 $6,641.00 $26,564.00 $5,357.00 $21,428.00 $7,925.00 $31,700.00 $7,850.00 $31,400.00 $5,800.00 $23,200.00 83 EA 1 14,500.00 $14,500.00 $8,705.50 $8,705.50 $9,111.00 $9,111.00 $8,300.00 $8,300.00 $8,250.00 $8,250.00 $11,000.00 $11,000.00 84 AC 2.2 12,500.00 $27,500.00 $8,250.00 $18,150.00 $12,500.00 $27,500.00 $4,000.00 $8,800.00 $13,500.00 $29,700.00 $6,000.00 $13,200.00 85 AC 3.3 15,000.00 $49,500.00 $3,350.00 $11,055.00 $2,500.00 $8,250.00 $4,200.00 $13,860.00 $2,700.00 $8,910.00 $3,000.00 $9,900.00 86 CY 885 60.00 $53,100.00 $47.50 $42,037.50 $25.00 $22,125.00 $70.00 $61,950.00 $70.00 $61,950.00 $110.00 $97,350.00 87 LF 52 190.00 $9,880.00 $276.10 $14,357.20 $288.20 $14,986.40 $264.00 $13,728.00 $192.00 $9,984.00 $350.00 $18,200.00 88 LS 1 16,000.00 $16,000.00 $60,000.00 $60,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $45,000.00 $45,000.00 $64,915.00 $64,915.00 $60,000.00 $60,000.00 89 EA 1 700.00 $700.00 $1,075.00 $1,075.00 $1,350.00 $1,350.00 $800.00 $800.00 $1,375.00 $1,375.00 $1,200.00 $1,200.00 90 EA 1 1,000.00 $1,000.00 $2,070.00 $2,070.00 $3,250.00 $3,250.00 $890.00 $890.00 $3,850.00 $3,850.00 $3,700.00 $3,700.00 91 EA 3 6,500.00 $19,500.00 $5,150.00 $15,450.00 $3,000.00 $9,000.00 $7,300.00 $21,900.00 $6,500.00 $19,500.00 $2,400.00 $7,200.00 92 EA 1 5,000.00 $5,000.00 $10,875.00 $10,875.00 $11,750.00 $11,750.00 $10,000.00 $10,000.00 $13,755.00 $13,755.00 $14,000.00 $14,000.00 93 EA 1 5,000.00 $5,000.00 $11,575.00 $11,575.00 $13,000.00 $13,000.00 $10,150.00 $10,150.00 $13,775.00 $13,775.00 $14,000.00 $14,000.00 CeccantiPivetta Brothers Construction ADJUST DOUBLE CHECK VALVE ASSEMBLY (DCVA) BOX REMOVAL OF EXISTING 48 IN. DIAM. WATER MANHOLE AND GATE VALVE 12"X6" TAPPING TEE AND VALVE 16"X6" TAPPING TEE AND VALVE SEEDING MULCH TOPSOIL RESTRAINED DUCTILE IRON PIPE CLASS 52 FOR WATER MAIN, 6 INCH DIAM. ABANDON EXISTING FIRE WATERLINE (CLSM) ADJUST METER BOX INSTALL NEW L-861T(L) LED TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHT WITH NEW ISOLATION INSTALL NEW L-852T(L) LED IN-PAVEMENT TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHT WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON NEW L-868 BASE CAN INSTALL NEW SIZE 2, 1 MODULE LED AIRFIELD GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON EXISTING CONCRETE FOUNDATION INSTALL NEW SIZE 2, 2 MODULE LED AIRFIELD GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON EXISTING CONCRETE FOUNDATION INSTALL NEW SIZE 2, 4 MODULE LED AIRFIELD GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON EXISTING CONCRETE FOUNDATION INSTALL NEW SIZE 2, 2 MODULE LED AIRFIELD GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON NEW CONCRETE FOUNDATION (1) 2" PVC SCH 40, CONCRETE ENCASED (2) 2" PVC SCH 40, CONCRETE ENCASED INSTALL NEW AIRCRAFT LOAD RATED CONCRETE HANDHOLE SALVAGE EXISTING IN-PAVEMENT L-850C RUNWAY EDGE LIGHT AND REINSTALL ON EXISTING L-868 BASE CAN INSTALL NEW L-861T(L) LED TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHT WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER AND HARDWARE ON EXISTING L-867 BASE CAN INSTALL NEW L-861T(L) LED TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHT WITH NEW ISOLATION AIRFIELD ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DEMOLITION AND SALVAGE BARE #6 CU COUNTERPOISE CABLE INSTALLED IN TRENCH OR BORE INCLUDING GROUND RODS NEW L-824 TYPE C #8, 5 KV CABLE INSTALLED IN EXISTING OR NEW CONDUIT INSTALL NEW 7.5 KW FERRORESONANT CONSTANT CURRENT REGULATOR IN AIRFIELD LIGHTING VAULT AIRFIELD LIGHTING VAULT SPACE UTILITIZATION IMPROVEMENTS (1) 2" PVC SCH 40, DIRECT BURIED 6-INCH UNDERDRAIN OUTFALL PIPE REMOVE EXISTING CATCH BASIN CB TYPE 1 CB TYPE 2 - 48" AIRCRAFT RATED ADJUST STRUCTURE TO GRADE (PAVEMENT) ADJUST STRUCTURE TO GRADE (GRASS INFIELD) ABANDON EXISTING STORM DRAINAGE PIPE CONNECT EXISTING PIPE TO NEW STRUCTURE TRENCHLESS PIPE REPAIR REMOVE PIPE SEDIMENT 6-INCH CONVENTIONAL UNDERDRAIN UNDERDRAIN CLEANOUT REFLECTIVE PERMANENT MARKINGS PAINT LINE 12-INCH REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE 12-INCH DUCTILE IRON PIPE REMOVE EXISTING STORM DRAINAGE PIPE CONNECT TO EXISTING STORM STRUCTURE CEMENT CONC. GUTTER EMULSIFIED ASPHALT TACK COAT CONCRETE FOR TRANSITION SLABS PAVEMENT MARKING REMOVAL INITIAL MARKINGS PERMANENT MARKINGS HMA CL. 1/2 IN. PG 58H-22 FOR FINAL TRENCH PATCH COMMERCIAL HMA FOR TEMPORARY TRENCH PATCH (2-IN. MIN.) 2-IN. HMA CL. 1/2 IN. PG 58H-22 FOR OVERLAY CRUSHED SURFACING TOP COURSE CEMENT CONC. SIDEWALK CEMENT CONC. CURB AND GUTTER CHOKE STONE SEPARATION GEOTEXTILE BIAXIAL GEOGRID ASPHALT SURFACE COURSE ASPHALT LEVELING COURSE ASPHALT BASE COURSE UNSUITABLE EXCAVATION CONTAMINATED SOIL REMOVAL AND DISPOSAL STRIPPING QUARRY SPALLS DEWATERING CRUSHED AGGREGATE BASE COURSE CRACK SEALING TRENCH EXCAVATION SAFETY SYSTEMS UTILITY POTHOLING UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION - WITH PCC UNDERLAYMENT UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION - WITHOUT PCC UNDERLAYMENT EMBANKMENT IN PLACE ASPHALT PAVEMENT REMOVAL - 1 TO 8 INCH THICKNESS ASPHALT PAVEMENT REMOVAL - 8 TO 14 INCH THICKNESS COLD MILLING - VARIABLE DEPTH (2 INCH NOMINAL) COLD MILLING - VARIABLE DEPTH (4 INCH NOMINAL) OVERLAY BASE PREPARATION TRENCH UNDERLAYMENT REMOVAL AND RESTORATION SILT FENCE SEDIMENT TRAP CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND PHASING MOBILIZATION TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL CONSTRUCTION STAKING Active Construction CONTRACTOR QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM (CQCP) FOD PREVENTION CONTROLS CATCH BASIN PROTECTION INTERCEPTER BERM EROSION CONTROL BLANKET WHEEL WASH AVERAGE BID Scarsella Bros., Inc. BID TABULTATION - AWARD ALTERNATIVE #2 AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . i ) 94 EA 2 12,000.00 $24,000.00 $7,625.00 $15,250.00 $8,650.00 $17,300.00 $6,600.00 $13,200.00 $7,650.00 $15,300.00 $6,300.00 $12,600.00 95 EA 4 1,000.00 $4,000.00 $1,400.00 $5,600.00 $1,000.00 $4,000.00 $1,800.00 $7,200.00 $1,835.00 $7,340.00 $1,380.00 $5,520.00 96 EA 3 5,500.00 $16,500.00 $2,125.00 $6,375.00 $2,250.00 $6,750.00 $2,000.00 $6,000.00 $4,250.00 $12,750.00 $1,340.00 $4,020.00 97 EA 6 8,000.00 $48,000.00 $2,850.00 $17,100.00 $3,000.00 $18,000.00 $2,700.00 $16,200.00 $4,250.00 $25,500.00 $2,400.00 $14,400.00 Subtotal A 8,704,746.00 $8,992,337.27 8,917,109.05 9,067,565.45 8,734,971.60 11,510,442.00 Tax 10.3% 896,588.84 926,210.74 918,462.23 933,959.24 899,702.07 1,185,575.53 Total A 9,601,334.84 $9,918,548.01 9,835,571.28 10,001,524.69 9,634,673.67 12,696,017.53 Schedule B 98 LS 1 10,000.00 $10,000.00 $13,000.00 $13,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 99 LS 1 10,000.00 $10,000.00 $13,000.00 $13,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 100 LS 1 62,000.00 $62,000.00 $38,000.00 $38,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $38,500.00 $38,500.00 $500.00 $500.00 101 LS 1 17,000.00 $17,000.00 $9,500.00 $9,500.00 $10,000.00 $10,000.00 $9,000.00 $9,000.00 $9,150.00 $9,150.00 $8,000.00 $8,000.00 102 SY 120 7.00 $840.00 $23.00 $2,760.00 $30.00 $3,600.00 $16.00 $1,920.00 $36.00 $4,320.00 $14.00 $1,680.00 103 SY 9,530 12.00 $114,360.00 $8.63 $82,196.25 $8.25 $78,622.50 $9.00 $85,770.00 $9.75 $92,917.50 $7.00 $66,710.00 104 SY 7,150 8.25 $58,987.50 $3.50 $25,025.00 $6.00 $42,900.00 $1.00 $7,150.00 $7.50 $53,625.00 $2.00 $14,300.00 105 TON 2,310 165.00 $381,150.00 $167.00 $385,770.00 $164.00 $378,840.00 $170.00 $392,700.00 $174.00 $401,940.00 $165.00 $381,150.00 106 TON 15 300.00 $4,500.00 $300.00 $4,500.00 $250.00 $3,750.00 $350.00 $5,250.00 $265.00 $3,975.00 $250.00 $3,750.00 107 TON 6 600.00 $3,360.00 $975.00 $5,460.00 $1,000.00 $5,600.00 $950.00 $5,320.00 $1,060.00 $5,936.00 $1,000.00 $5,600.00 108 SF 3,390 1.50 $5,085.00 $1.83 $6,186.75 $1.65 $5,593.50 $2.00 $6,780.00 $1.85 $6,271.50 $2.00 $6,780.00 109 SF 4,600 2.25 $10,350.00 $2.00 $9,200.00 $2.00 $9,200.00 $2.00 $9,200.00 $2.25 $10,350.00 $2.00 $9,200.00 110 LF 399 150.00 $59,850.00 $175.25 $69,924.75 $215.50 $85,984.50 $135.00 $53,865.00 $205.00 $81,795.00 $300.00 $119,700.00 111 LF 198 170.00 $33,660.00 $207.13 $41,010.75 $244.25 $48,361.50 $170.00 $33,660.00 $190.00 $37,620.00 $300.00 $59,400.00 112 EA 3 1,200.00 $3,600.00 $1,650.00 $4,950.00 $1,500.00 $4,500.00 $1,800.00 $5,400.00 $2,585.00 $7,755.00 $1,000.00 $3,000.00 113 EA 8 20,000.00 $160,000.00 $16,500.00 $132,000.00 $23,000.00 $184,000.00 $10,000.00 $80,000.00 $19,500.00 $156,000.00 $9,000.00 $72,000.00 114 EA 2 35,000.00 $70,000.00 $8,500.00 $17,000.00 $11,000.00 $22,000.00 $6,000.00 $12,000.00 $7,405.00 $14,810.00 $8,000.00 $16,000.00 Subtotal B 1,004,742.50 $859,483.50 $1,007,952.00 $711,015.00 $934,965.00 $768,770.00 Tax 10.3% 103,488.48 88,526.80 103,819.06 73,234.55 96,301.40 79,183.31 Total B 1,108,230.98 $948,010.30 $1,111,771.06 $784,249.55 $1,031,266.40 $847,953.31 Schedule D 129 LS 1 10,000.00 $10,000.00 $8,000.00 $8,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 130 LS 1 70,000.00 $70,000.00 $20,500.00 $20,500.00 $40,000.00 $40,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $15,500.00 $15,500.00 $500.00 $500.00 131 LS 1 30,000.00 $30,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,500.00 $5,500.00 $4,500.00 $4,500.00 $4,650.00 $4,650.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 132 LS 1 250,000.00 $250,000.00 $130,227.00 $130,227.00 $198,104.00 $198,104.00 $62,350.00 $62,350.00 $260,000.00 $260,000.00 $215,000.00 $215,000.00 133 LS 1 100,000.00 $100,000.00 $23,950.00 $23,950.00 $11,900.00 $11,900.00 $36,000.00 $36,000.00 $65,000.00 $65,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 134 EA 3 25,000.00 $75,000.00 $19,987.50 $59,962.50 $15,725.00 $47,175.00 $24,250.00 $72,750.00 $24,020.00 $72,060.00 $16,000.00 $48,000.00 135 EA 1 30,000.00 $30,000.00 $20,862.50 $20,862.50 $17,475.00 $17,475.00 $24,250.00 $24,250.00 $21,965.00 $21,965.00 $18,000.00 $18,000.00 136 EA 1 6,000.00 $6,000.00 $16,518.00 $16,518.00 $11,036.00 $11,036.00 $22,000.00 $22,000.00 $4,215.00 $4,215.00 $12,000.00 $12,000.00 137 EA 2 9,000.00 $18,000.00 $6,387.50 $12,775.00 $8,525.00 $17,050.00 $4,250.00 $8,500.00 $4,215.00 $8,430.00 $9,000.00 $18,000.00 138 EA 1 8,000.00 $8,000.00 $7,720.00 $7,720.00 $2,440.00 $2,440.00 $13,000.00 $13,000.00 $12,900.00 $12,900.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 139 EA 1 3,000.00 $3,000.00 $1,305.50 $1,305.50 $1,211.00 $1,211.00 $1,400.00 $1,400.00 $1,450.00 $1,450.00 $2,000.00 $2,000.00 140 EA 3 8,000.00 $24,000.00 $7,025.00 $21,075.00 $13,500.00 $40,500.00 $550.00 $1,650.00 $550.00 $1,650.00 $14,000.00 $42,000.00 141 EA 1 3,000.00 $3,000.00 $682.50 $682.50 $980.00 $980.00 $385.00 $385.00 $385.00 $385.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 142 EA 1 6,000.00 $6,000.00 $2,962.50 $2,962.50 $5,200.00 $5,200.00 $725.00 $725.00 $725.00 $725.00 $6,000.00 $6,000.00 143 LS 1 30,000.00 $30,000.00 $8,412.50 $8,412.50 $8,125.00 $8,125.00 $8,700.00 $8,700.00 $20,000.00 $20,000.00 $9,000.00 $9,000.00 144 LF 250 200.00 $50,000.00 $171.50 $42,875.00 $163.00 $40,750.00 $180.00 $45,000.00 $230.00 $57,500.00 $170.00 $42,500.00 145 EA 2 10,000.00 $20,000.00 $7,210.00 $14,420.00 $6,970.00 $13,940.00 $7,450.00 $14,900.00 $1,435.00 $2,870.00 $7,000.00 $14,000.00 146 EA 2 20,000.00 $40,000.00 $12,720.00 $25,440.00 $12,440.00 $24,880.00 $13,000.00 $26,000.00 $1,435.00 $2,870.00 $13,000.00 $26,000.00 Subtotal D 773,000.00 $422,688.00 $501,266.00 $344,110.00 $557,170.00 $535,500.00 Tax 10.3% 79,619.00 43,536.86 51,630.40 35,443.33 57,388.51 55,156.50 Total D 852,619.00 $466,224.86 $552,896.40 $379,553.33 $614,558.51 $590,656.50 Schedule G 174 LS 1 160,000.00 $160,000.00 $13,000.00 $13,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $250,000.00 $250,000.00 $240,000.00 $240,000.00 175 LS 1 30,000.00 $30,000.00 $5,500.00 $5,500.00 $10,000.00 $10,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $55,000.00 $55,000.00 $350,000.00 $350,000.00 176 EA 30 175.00 $5,250.00 $100.00 $3,000.00 $125.00 $3,750.00 $75.00 $2,250.00 $82.50 $2,475.00 $100.00 $3,000.00 177 LF 2,864 10.00 $28,640.00 $5.00 $14,320.00 $4.00 $11,456.00 $6.00 $17,184.00 $6.00 $17,184.00 $8.00 $22,912.00 178 EA 2 3,500.00 $7,000.00 $8,750.00 $17,500.00 $7,500.00 $15,000.00 $10,000.00 $20,000.00 $11,355.00 $22,710.00 $22,000.00 $44,000.00 179 LS 1 50,000.00 $50,000.00 $5,500.00 $5,500.00 $10,000.00 $10,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $72,000.00 $72,000.00 $700,000.00 $700,000.00 180 LS 1 510,000.00 $510,000.00 $400,000.00 $400,000.00 $300,000.00 $300,000.00 $500,000.00 $500,000.00 $420,000.00 $420,000.00 $500,000.00 $500,000.00 181 LS 1 125,000.00 $125,000.00 $68,750.00 $68,750.00 $70,000.00 $70,000.00 $67,500.00 $67,500.00 $69,500.00 $69,500.00 $300,000.00 $300,000.00 182 SY 17,420 7.00 $121,940.00 $11.58 $201,636.50 $10.15 $176,813.00 $13.00 $226,460.00 $10.75 $187,265.00 $14.00 $243,880.00 183 SY 750 15.00 $11,250.00 $21.75 $16,312.50 $18.50 $13,875.00 $25.00 $18,750.00 $18.50 $13,875.00 $26.00 $19,500.00 184 SY 1,380 10.00 $13,800.00 $7.13 $9,832.50 $4.75 $6,555.00 $9.50 $13,110.00 $11.00 $15,180.00 $4.00 $5,520.00 185 SY 1,910 12.00 $22,920.00 $8.18 $15,614.25 $7.35 $14,038.50 $9.00 $17,190.00 $11.65 $22,251.50 $7.00 $13,370.00 186 SY 1,430 8.25 $11,797.50 $3.50 $5,005.00 $6.00 $8,580.00 $1.00 $1,430.00 $9.25 $13,227.50 $2.00 $2,860.00 187 FA 1 15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 188 LS 1 42,000.00 $42,000.00 $4,000.00 $4,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 $2,500.00 $2,500.00 $57,000.00 $57,000.00 189 EA 34 800.00 $27,200.00 $650.00 $22,100.00 $600.00 $20,400.00 $700.00 $23,800.00 $900.00 $30,600.00 $700.00 $23,800.00 190 CY 6,530 50.00 $326,500.00 $52.50 $342,825.00 $25.00 $163,250.00 $80.00 $522,400.00 $62.45 $407,798.50 $76.00 $496,280.00 191 CY 1,640 30.00 $49,200.00 $34.00 $55,760.00 $20.00 $32,800.00 $48.00 $78,720.00 $46.20 $75,768.00 $70.00 $114,800.00 192 CY 570 15.00 $8,550.00 $57.50 $32,775.00 $5.00 $2,850.00 $110.00 $62,700.00 $4.25 $2,422.50 $8.00 $4,560.00 193 CY 1,890 50.00 $94,500.00 $49.50 $93,555.00 $45.00 $85,050.00 $54.00 $102,060.00 $58.35 $110,281.50 $50.00 $94,500.00 194 CY 500 50.00 $25,000.00 $49.25 $24,625.00 $45.00 $22,500.00 $53.50 $26,750.00 $51.25 $25,625.00 $80.00 $40,000.00 195 CY 1,260 100.00 $126,000.00 $101.25 $127,575.00 $82.50 $103,950.00 $120.00 $151,200.00 $77.25 $97,335.00 $80.00 $100,800.00 196 LS 1 95,000.00 $95,000.00 $13,750.00 $13,750.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $2,500.00 $2,500.00 $40,000.00 $40,000.00 $37,000.00 $37,000.00 197 CY 5,100 75.00 $382,500.00 $93.20 $475,320.00 $96.40 $491,640.00 $90.00 $459,000.00 $106.50 $543,150.00 $120.00 $612,000.00 198 CY 640 85.00 $54,400.00 $110.20 $70,528.00 $90.40 $57,856.00 $130.00 $83,200.00 $98.00 $62,720.00 $90.00 $57,600.00 199 SY 22,530 3.00 $67,590.00 $1.98 $44,496.75 $1.45 $32,668.50 $2.50 $56,325.00 $2.00 $45,060.00 $3.00 $67,590.00 200 SY 3,760 4.00 $15,040.00 $3.33 $12,502.00 $2.65 $9,964.00 $4.00 $15,040.00 $5.00 $18,800.00 $5.00 $18,800.00 201 TON 4,980 175.00 $871,500.00 $167.00 $831,660.00 $164.00 $816,720.00 $170.00 $846,600.00 $174.00 $866,520.00 $165.00 $821,700.00 202 TON 25 1,000.00 $25,000.00 $300.00 $7,500.00 $250.00 $6,250.00 $350.00 $8,750.00 $265.00 $6,625.00 $250.00 $6,250.00 203 TON 6,820 175.00 $1,193,500.00 $156.50 $1,067,330.00 $143.00 $975,260.00 $170.00 $1,159,400.00 $152.00 $1,036,640.00 $145.00 $988,900.00 204 TON 25 600.00 $15,000.00 $980.00 $24,500.00 $1,000.00 $25,000.00 $960.00 $24,000.00 $1,075.00 $26,875.00 $1,000.00 $25,000.00 205 SY 300 230.00 $69,000.00 $234.00 $70,200.00 $225.00 $67,500.00 $243.00 $72,900.00 $205.00 $61,500.00 $200.00 $60,000.00 206 SF 140 2.00 $280.00 $10.50 $1,470.00 $10.00 $1,400.00 $11.00 $1,540.00 $10.80 $1,512.00 $10.00 $1,400.00 207 SF 5,360 1.50 $8,040.00 $1.83 $9,782.00 $1.65 $8,844.00 $2.00 $10,720.00 $1.80 $9,648.00 $2.00 $10,720.00 208 SF 0 2.00 $0.00 $1.93 $0.00 $1.85 $0.00 $2.00 $0.00 $2.00 $0.00 $2.00 $0.00 209 SF 6,650 2.25 $14,962.50 $2.00 $13,300.00 $2.00 $13,300.00 $2.00 $13,300.00 $2.15 $14,297.50 $2.00 $13,300.00 210 LF 515 150.00 $77,250.00 $133.10 $68,546.50 $132.20 $68,083.00 $134.00 $69,010.00 $190.00 $97,850.00 $300.00 $154,500.00 211 LF 445 170.00 $75,650.00 $176.30 $78,453.50 $185.60 $82,592.00 $167.00 $74,315.00 $230.00 $102,350.00 $300.00 $133,500.00 212 LF 531 12.00 $6,372.00 $55.50 $29,470.50 $20.00 $10,620.00 $91.00 $48,321.00 $22.00 $11,682.00 $100.00 $53,100.00 213 EA 4 1,500.00 $6,000.00 $1,900.00 $7,600.00 $2,000.00 $8,000.00 $1,800.00 $7,200.00 $2,460.00 $9,840.00 $1,500.00 $6,000.00 214 EA 2 1,200.00 $2,400.00 $1,675.00 $3,350.00 $1,500.00 $3,000.00 $1,850.00 $3,700.00 $1,600.00 $3,200.00 $1,000.00 $2,000.00 215 LF 2,438 70.00 $170,660.00 $50.13 $122,204.75 $26.75 $65,216.50 $73.50 $179,193.00 $50.35 $122,753.30 $53.00 $129,214.00 216 EA 36 1,000.00 $36,000.00 $1,135.00 $40,860.00 $1,270.00 $45,720.00 $1,000.00 $36,000.00 $620.00 $22,320.00 $1,000.00 $36,000.00 217 LF 519 50.00 $25,950.00 $66.38 $34,448.63 $26.75 $13,883.25 $106.00 $55,014.00 $56.00 $29,064.00 $53.00 $27,507.00 218 EA 3 350.00 $1,050.00 $640.00 $1,920.00 $800.00 $2,400.00 $480.00 $1,440.00 $1,005.00 $3,015.00 $800.00 $2,400.00 6-INCH CONVENTIONAL UNDERDRAIN UNDERDRAIN CLEANOUT 6-INCH UNDERDRAIN OUTFALL PIPE REMOVE EXISTING CATCH BASIN REFLECTIVE PERMANENT MARKINGS 12-INCH REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE 12-INCH DUCTILE IRON PIPE REMOVE EXISTING STORM DRAINAGE PIPE CONNECT TO EXISTING STORM STRUCTURE CONNECT EXISTING PIPE TO NEW STRUCTURE ASPHALT BASE COURSE EMULSIFIED ASPHALT TACK COAT CONCRETE FOR TRANSITION SLABS PAVEMENT MARKING REMOVAL INITIAL MARKINGS PERMANENT MARKINGS CRUSHED AGGREGATE BASE COURSE CHOKE STONE SEPARATION GEOTEXTILE BIAXIAL GEOGRID ASPHALT SURFACE COURSE ASPHALT LEVELING COURSE UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION - WITHOUT PCC UNDERLAYMENT EMBANKMENT IN PLACE UNSUITABLE EXCAVATION STRIPPING QUARRY SPALLS DEWATERING COLD MILLING - VARIABLE DEPTH (4 INCH NOMINAL) OVERLAY BASE PREPARATION CRACK SEALING TRENCH EXCAVATION SAFETY SYSTEMS UTILITY POTHOLING UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION - WITH PCC UNDERLAYMENT CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND PHASING MOBILIZATION CONSTRUCTION STAKING ASPHALT PAVEMENT REMOVAL - 1 TO 8 INCH THICKNESS ASPHALT PAVEMENT REMOVAL - 8 TO 14 INCH THICKNESS COLD MILLING - VARIABLE DEPTH (2 INCH NOMINAL) INSTALL NEW AIRCRAFT LOAD RATED CONCRETE HANDHOLE CONTRACTOR QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM (CQCP) FOD PREVENTION CONTROLS CATCH BASIN PROTECTION INTERCEPTER BERM WHEEL WASH RELOCATE EXISTING AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCH RELOCATE EXISTING AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCH MONITORING CABINET RELOCATE EXISTING MAIN SERVICE PANEL LV CONTRACTOR SUPPLIED STRUCTURAL STAMPED VAULT BUILDING DRAWINGS BY (4) 2" SCH. 80 HDPE DIRECTIONAL BORE INSTALL NEW H-20 LOAD RATED CONCRETE HANDHOLE INSTALL NEW 7.5KW FERRORESONANT CONSTANT CURRENT REGULATOR IN AIRFIELD INSTALL NEW 10KW FERRORESONANT CONSTANT CURRENT REGULATOR IN AIRFIELD NEW L-841 RELAY CABINET NEW L-854 PILOT CONTROLLED RADIO NEW AIRFIELD LIGHTING PATCH PANEL RELOCATE EXISTING PAPIS & REILS BOOST TRANSFORMER CB TYPE 4 - AIRCRAFT RATED SMH CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND PHASING MOBILIZATION CONSTRUCTION STAKING NEW AIRFIELD LIGHTING VAULT BUILDING DEMOLISH EXISTING AIRFIELD LIGHTING VAULT BUILDING INITIAL MARKINGS REFLECTIVE PERMANENT MARKINGS 12-INCH REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE 12-INCH DUCTILE IRON PIPE CONNECT EXISTING PIPE TO NEW STRUCTURE CB TYPE 3 - AIRCRAFT RATED ASPHALT PAVEMENT REMOVAL - 1 TO 8 INCH THICKNESS COLD MILLING - VARIABLE DEPTH (4 INCH NOMINAL) OVERLAY BASE PREPARATION ASPHALT SURFACE COURSE ASPHALT LEVELING COURSE EMULSIFIED ASPHALT TACK COAT FOD PREVENTION CONTROLS CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND PHASING MOBILIZATION CONSTRUCTION STAKING REMOVAL OF EXISTING ABOVE GRADE FIRE HYDRANT REMOVAL OF EXISTING BELOW GRADE FIRE HYDRANT HYDRANT ASSEMBLY BOLLARD AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . i ) 219 EA 8 10,000.00 $80,000.00 $1,825.00 $14,600.00 $2,050.00 $16,400.00 $1,600.00 $12,800.00 $2,185.00 $17,480.00 $1,700.00 $13,600.00 220 EA 2 550.00 $1,100.00 $1,525.00 $3,050.00 $2,000.00 $4,000.00 $1,050.00 $2,100.00 $2,750.00 $5,500.00 $1,450.00 $2,900.00 221 LS 1 100,000.00 $100,000.00 $1,769.00 $1,769.00 $1,738.00 $1,738.00 $1,800.00 $1,800.00 $19,000.00 $19,000.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 222 LF 1,405 4.00 $5,620.00 $3.53 $4,959.65 $2.56 $3,596.80 $4.50 $6,322.50 $4.55 $6,392.75 $3.00 $4,215.00 223 LF 6,980 4.00 $27,920.00 $2.15 $15,007.00 $1.80 $12,564.00 $2.50 $17,450.00 $2.55 $17,799.00 $2.00 $13,960.00 224 LF 1,150 35.00 $40,250.00 $33.40 $38,410.00 $25.30 $29,095.00 $41.50 $47,725.00 $41.50 $47,725.00 $30.00 $34,500.00 225 LF 255 65.00 $16,575.00 $76.90 $19,609.50 $62.80 $16,014.00 $91.00 $23,205.00 $90.10 $22,975.50 $70.00 $17,850.00 226 EA 1 750.00 $750.00 $2,350.50 $2,350.50 $2,201.00 $2,201.00 $2,500.00 $2,500.00 $2,600.00 $2,600.00 $3,400.00 $3,400.00 227 EA 20 750.00 $15,000.00 $899.00 $17,980.00 $548.00 $10,960.00 $1,250.00 $25,000.00 $1,250.00 $25,000.00 $600.00 $12,000.00 228 EA 3 1,400.00 $4,200.00 $1,731.00 $5,193.00 $1,662.00 $4,986.00 $1,800.00 $5,400.00 $1,815.00 $5,445.00 $1,800.00 $5,400.00 229 EA 20 2,200.00 $44,000.00 $2,438.00 $48,760.00 $2,026.00 $40,520.00 $2,850.00 $57,000.00 $2,825.00 $56,500.00 $3,400.00 $68,000.00 230 EA 2 8,000.00 $16,000.00 $3,944.00 $7,888.00 $3,388.00 $6,776.00 $4,500.00 $9,000.00 $4,505.00 $9,010.00 $3,700.00 $7,400.00 231 EA 1 10,000.00 $10,000.00 $4,925.00 $4,925.00 $3,850.00 $3,850.00 $6,000.00 $6,000.00 $5,950.00 $5,950.00 $4,200.00 $4,200.00 232 EA 1 14,500.00 $14,500.00 $8,030.50 $8,030.50 $9,111.00 $9,111.00 $6,950.00 $6,950.00 $6,900.00 $6,900.00 $11,000.00 $11,000.00 233 EA 1 18,000.00 $18,000.00 $9,280.00 $9,280.00 $10,060.00 $10,060.00 $8,500.00 $8,500.00 $8,500.00 $8,500.00 $12,000.00 $12,000.00 234 EA 1 3,500.00 $3,500.00 $2,017.50 $2,017.50 $3,085.00 $3,085.00 $950.00 $950.00 $955.00 $955.00 $3,700.00 $3,700.00 235 AC 1 12,500.00 $6,250.00 $8,750.00 $4,375.00 $13,500.00 $6,750.00 $4,000.00 $2,000.00 $14,850.00 $7,425.00 $6,000.00 $3,000.00 236 AC 1 15,000.00 $12,000.00 $3,600.00 $2,880.00 $3,000.00 $2,400.00 $4,200.00 $3,360.00 $3,300.00 $2,640.00 $3,000.00 $2,400.00 237 CY 500 60.00 $30,000.00 $47.50 $23,750.00 $25.00 $12,500.00 $70.00 $35,000.00 $70.00 $35,000.00 $110.00 $55,000.00 238 LS 1 14,000.00 $14,000.00 $55,000.00 $55,000.00 $65,000.00 $65,000.00 $45,000.00 $45,000.00 $61,550.00 $61,550.00 $60,000.00 $60,000.00 239 EA 6 6,500.00 $39,000.00 $2,090.00 $12,540.00 $3,500.00 $21,000.00 $680.00 $4,080.00 $6,500.00 $39,000.00 $2,400.00 $14,400.00 240 EA 7 8,000.00 $56,000.00 $2,600.00 $18,200.00 $2,500.00 $17,500.00 $2,700.00 $18,900.00 $6,500.00 $45,500.00 $2,400.00 $16,800.00 241 FA 1 25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 Subtotal G 5,604,357.00 $4,868,953.03 $4,271,891.55 $5,466,014.50 $5,537,267.55 $7,049,988.00 Tax 10.3% 577,248.77 501,502.16 440,004.83 562,999.49 570,338.56 726,148.76 Total G 6,181,605.77 $5,370,455.19 $4,711,896.38 $6,029,013.99 $6,107,606.11 $7,776,136.76 Schedule H 242 LS 1 10,000.00 $10,000.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $0.00 $0.00 $500.00 $500.00 243 LS 1 10,000.00 $10,000.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 244 LS 1 32,000.00 $32,000.00 $13,000.00 $13,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $24,500.00 $24,500.00 $500.00 $500.00 245 LS 1 17,000.00 $17,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,500.00 $5,500.00 $4,500.00 $4,500.00 $4,600.00 $4,600.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 246 SY 4,400 12.00 $52,800.00 $9.48 $41,690.00 $9.45 $41,580.00 $9.50 $41,800.00 $11.65 $51,260.00 $7.00 $30,800.00 247 SY 3,290 8.25 $27,142.50 $3.00 $9,870.00 $5.00 $16,450.00 $1.00 $3,290.00 $9.25 $30,432.50 $2.00 $6,580.00 248 TON 1,050 175.00 $183,750.00 $167.00 $175,350.00 $164.00 $172,200.00 $170.00 $178,500.00 $174.00 $182,700.00 $165.00 $173,250.00 249 TON 10 1,000.00 $10,000.00 $300.00 $3,000.00 $250.00 $2,500.00 $350.00 $3,500.00 $265.00 $2,650.00 $250.00 $2,500.00 250 TON 3 600.00 $1,560.00 $975.00 $2,535.00 $1,000.00 $2,600.00 $950.00 $2,470.00 $1,060.00 $2,756.00 $1,000.00 $2,600.00 251 SF 1,840 1.50 $2,760.00 $1.83 $3,358.00 $1.65 $3,036.00 $2.00 $3,680.00 $2.00 $3,680.00 $2.00 $3,680.00 252 SF 2,330 2.25 $5,242.50 $1.93 $4,485.25 $1.85 $4,310.50 $2.00 $4,660.00 $2.00 $4,660.00 $2.00 $4,660.00 Subtotal H 352,255.00 $264,288.25 $283,176.50 $245,400.00 $312,238.50 $228,570.00 Tax 10.3% 36,282.27 27,221.69 29,167.18 25,276.20 32,160.57 23,542.71 Total H 388,537.27 $291,509.94 $312,343.68 $270,676.20 $344,399.07 $252,112.71 AWARD ALTERNATIVE 2 (Base Bid + Schedule D) =18,132,327.86 16,994,748.30 16,524,478.80 17,465,017.76 17,732,503.76 22,162,876.81 EMULSIFIED ASPHALT TACK COAT INITIAL MARKINGS REFLECTIVE PERMANENT MARKINGS MOBILIZATION CONSTRUCTION STAKING COLD MILLING - VARIABLE DEPTH (4 INCH NOMINAL) OVERLAY BASE PREPARATION ASPHALT SURFACE COURSE ASPHALT LEVELING COURSE REMOVAL OF EXISTING 48 IN. DIAM. WATER MANHOLE AND GATE VALVE REMOVAL OF EXISTING BELOW GRADE FIRE HYDRANT 4" COMPRESSED AIR, DIRECT BURIED FOD PREVENTION CONTROLS CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND PHASING INSTALL NEW SIZE 2, 4 MODULE LED AIRFIELD GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON NEW CONCRETE FOUNDATION SALVAGE EXISTING IN-PAVEMENT L-850C RUNWAY EDGE LIGHT AND REINSTALL ON NEW L-868 BASE CAN SEEDING MULCH TOPSOIL ABANDON EXISTING FIRE WATERLINE (CLSM) INSTALL NEW L-861T(L) LED TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHT WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER AND HARDWARE ON EXISTING L-867 BASE CAN INSTALL NEW L-861T(L) LED TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHT WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER AND HARDWARE INCLUDING BASE CAN EXTENSION/SPACER RINGS ON INSTALL NEW L-861T(L) LED TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHT WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER AND HARDWARE ON NEW L-867 BASE CAN INSTALL NEW SIZE 2, 1 MODULE LED AIRFIELD GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON EXISTING CONCRETE FOUNDATION INSTALL NEW SIZE 2, 2 MODULE LED AIRFIELD GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON EXISTING CONCRETE FOUNDATION INSTALL NEW SIZE 2, 2 MODULE LED AIRFIELD GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON NEW CONCRETE FOUNDATION AIRFIELD ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DEMOLITION AND SALVAGE BARE #6 CU COUNTERPOISE CABLE INSTALLED IN TRENCH OR BORE INCLUDING GROUND RODS NEW L-824 TYPE C #8, 5 KV CABLE INSTALLED IN EXISTING OR NEW CONDUIT (1) 2" PVC SCH 40, DIRECT BURIED (2) 2" PVC SCH 40, CONCRETE ENCASED SALVAGE EXISTING ELEVATED L-861 RUNWAY EDGE LIGHT AND REINSTALL ON NEW L- 867 BASE CAN CB TYPE I ADJUST STRUCTURE TO GRADE (PAVEMENT) AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . i ) Project Taxiway A Rehabilitation City of Renton BID DATE:8/20/2025 Engineers Estimate Item No. Description Unit Quantity Unit Price Bid Amount Unit Price Bid Amount Unit Price Bid Amount Unit Price Bid Amount Unit Price Bid Amount Unit Price Bid Amount Schedule A 1 LS 1 340,000.00 $340,000.00 $237,500.00 $237,500.00 $425,000.00 $425,000.00 $50,000.00 $50,000.00 $350,000.00 $350,000.00 $400,000.00 $400,000.00 2 LS 1 70,000.00 $70,000.00 $287,500.00 $287,500.00 $535,000.00 $535,000.00 $40,000.00 $40,000.00 $85,000.00 $85,000.00 $400,000.00 $400,000.00 3 EA 63 175.00 $11,025.00 $96.50 $6,079.50 $125.00 $7,875.00 $68.00 $4,284.00 $82.50 $5,197.50 $100.00 $6,300.00 4 LF 5623 10.00 $56,230.00 $5.00 $28,115.00 $4.00 $22,492.00 $6.00 $33,738.00 $5.75 $32,332.25 $8.00 $44,984.00 5 SY 43 20.00 $860.00 $20.00 $860.00 $35.00 $1,505.00 $5.00 $215.00 $55.00 $2,365.00 $5.00 $215.00 6 EA 5 3,500.00 $17,500.00 $11,250.00 $56,250.00 $7,500.00 $37,500.00 $15,000.00 $75,000.00 $11,355.00 $56,775.00 $22,000.00 $110,000.00 7 LF 245 18.00 $4,410.00 $7.50 $1,837.50 $8.00 $1,960.00 $7.00 $1,715.00 $10.25 $2,511.25 $7.00 $1,715.00 8 EA 1 10,000.00 $10,000.00 $3,525.00 $3,525.00 $6,050.00 $6,050.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $2,375.00 $2,375.00 $8,500.00 $8,500.00 9 LS 1 100,000.00 $100,000.00 $370,000.00 $370,000.00 $680,000.00 $680,000.00 $60,000.00 $60,000.00 $136,105.00 $136,105.00 $850,000.00 $850,000.00 10 LS 1 802,000.00 $802,000.00 $885,000.00 $885,000.00 $870,000.00 $870,000.00 $900,000.00 $900,000.00 $650,000.00 $650,000.00 $900,000.00 $900,000.00 11 LS 1 10,000.00 $10,000.00 $185,263.73 $185,263.73 $141,500.00 $141,500.00 $229,027.45 $229,027.45 $17,050.00 $17,050.00 $800,000.00 $800,000.00 12 LS 1 275,000.00 $275,000.00 $155,000.00 $155,000.00 $160,000.00 $160,000.00 $150,000.00 $150,000.00 $158,000.00 $158,000.00 $350,000.00 $350,000.00 13 SY 23700 7.00 $165,900.00 $12.08 $286,177.50 $10.15 $240,555.00 $14.00 $331,800.00 $10.75 $254,775.00 $14.00 $331,800.00 14 SY 2750 15.00 $41,250.00 $22.50 $61,875.00 $18.50 $50,875.00 $26.50 $72,875.00 $14.60 $40,150.00 $26.00 $71,500.00 15 SY 8595 10.00 $85,950.00 $6.88 $59,090.63 $4.75 $40,826.25 $9.00 $77,355.00 $7.80 $67,041.00 $4.00 $34,380.00 16 SY 2608 12.00 $31,296.00 $8.68 $22,624.40 $7.35 $19,168.80 $10.00 $26,080.00 $9.00 $23,472.00 $7.00 $18,256.00 17 SY 1120 8.25 $9,240.00 $3.50 $3,920.00 $6.00 $6,720.00 $1.00 $1,120.00 $9.00 $10,080.00 $2.00 $2,240.00 18 SY 960 15.00 $14,400.00 $45.00 $43,200.00 $35.00 $33,600.00 $55.00 $52,800.00 $74.00 $71,040.00 $90.00 $86,400.00 19 FA 1 15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 20 LS 1 46,000.00 $46,000.00 $4,150.00 $4,150.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $3,300.00 $3,300.00 $2,500.00 $2,500.00 $57,000.00 $57,000.00 21 EA 43 800.00 $34,400.00 $650.00 $27,950.00 $600.00 $25,800.00 $700.00 $30,100.00 $865.00 $37,195.00 $700.00 $30,100.00 22 CY 6520 50.00 $326,000.00 $52.50 $342,300.00 $25.00 $163,000.00 $80.00 $521,600.00 $62.45 $407,174.00 $76.00 $495,520.00 23 CY 5120 30.00 $153,600.00 $34.25 $175,360.00 $20.00 $102,400.00 $48.50 $248,320.00 $46.20 $236,544.00 $70.00 $358,400.00 24 CY 910 15.00 $13,650.00 $58.00 $52,780.00 $5.00 $4,550.00 $111.00 $101,010.00 $4.25 $3,867.50 $8.00 $7,280.00 25 CY 2860 50.00 $143,000.00 $48.50 $138,710.00 $45.00 $128,700.00 $52.00 $148,720.00 $58.35 $166,881.00 $50.00 $143,000.00 26 CY 410 160.00 $65,600.00 $250.50 $102,705.00 $236.00 $96,760.00 $265.00 $108,650.00 $215.00 $88,150.00 $200.00 $82,000.00 27 CY 1175 50.00 $58,750.00 $46.50 $54,637.50 $45.00 $52,875.00 $48.00 $56,400.00 $51.25 $60,218.75 $80.00 $94,000.00 28 CY 1910 100.00 $191,000.00 $98.75 $188,612.50 $82.50 $157,575.00 $115.00 $219,650.00 $77.75 $148,502.50 $80.00 $152,800.00 29 LS 1 125,000.00 $125,000.00 $20,250.00 $20,250.00 $10,500.00 $10,500.00 $30,000.00 $30,000.00 $22,000.00 $22,000.00 $37,000.00 $37,000.00 30 CY 7300 75.00 $547,500.00 $91.20 $665,760.00 $96.40 $703,720.00 $86.00 $627,800.00 $106.50 $777,450.00 $120.00 $876,000.00 31 CY 960 85.00 $81,600.00 $111.20 $106,752.00 $90.40 $86,784.00 $132.00 $126,720.00 $98.00 $94,080.00 $90.00 $86,400.00 32 SY 33460 3.00 $100,380.00 $1.73 $57,718.50 $1.45 $48,517.00 $2.00 $66,920.00 $2.00 $66,920.00 $3.00 $100,380.00 33 SY 5700 4.00 $22,800.00 $3.33 $18,952.50 $2.65 $15,105.00 $4.00 $22,800.00 $5.00 $28,500.00 $5.00 $28,500.00 34 TON 8640 165.00 $1,425,600.00 $167.00 $1,442,880.00 $164.00 $1,416,960.00 $170.00 $1,468,800.00 $174.00 $1,503,360.00 $165.00 $1,425,600.00 35 TON 100 300.00 $30,000.00 $300.00 $30,000.00 $250.00 $25,000.00 $350.00 $35,000.00 $265.00 $26,500.00 $250.00 $25,000.00 36 TON 8780 165.00 $1,448,700.00 $156.50 $1,374,070.00 $143.00 $1,255,540.00 $170.00 $1,492,600.00 $152.00 $1,334,560.00 $145.00 $1,273,100.00 37 TON 20 220.00 $4,400.00 $300.00 $6,000.00 $320.00 $6,400.00 $280.00 $5,600.00 $315.00 $6,300.00 $300.00 $6,000.00 38 TON 3 200.00 $600.00 $645.00 $1,935.00 $1,000.00 $3,000.00 $290.00 $870.00 $1,735.00 $5,205.00 $320.00 $960.00 39 TON 3 180.00 $540.00 $887.50 $2,662.50 $1,605.00 $4,815.00 $170.00 $510.00 $1,735.00 $5,205.00 $320.00 $960.00 40 TON 14 55.00 $770.00 $112.50 $1,575.00 $150.00 $2,100.00 $75.00 $1,050.00 $385.00 $5,390.00 $100.00 $1,400.00 41 SY 20 200.00 $4,000.00 $241.00 $4,820.00 $200.00 $4,000.00 $282.00 $5,640.00 $315.00 $6,300.00 $120.00 $2,400.00 42 LF 15 65.00 $975.00 $172.50 $2,587.50 $150.00 $2,250.00 $195.00 $2,925.00 $250.00 $3,750.00 $120.00 $1,800.00 43 LF 10 45.00 $450.00 $246.00 $2,460.00 $200.00 $2,000.00 $292.00 $2,920.00 $370.00 $3,700.00 $120.00 $1,200.00 44 TON 35 600.00 $21,000.00 $975.00 $34,125.00 $1,000.00 $35,000.00 $950.00 $33,250.00 $1,005.00 $35,175.00 $1,000.00 $35,000.00 45 SY 110 230.00 $25,300.00 $252.50 $27,775.00 $225.00 $24,750.00 $280.00 $30,800.00 $275.00 $30,250.00 $200.00 $22,000.00 46 SF 1120 2.00 $2,240.00 $3.63 $4,060.00 $3.50 $3,920.00 $3.75 $4,200.00 $3.80 $4,256.00 $10.00 $11,200.00 47 SF 11480 1.50 $17,220.00 $1.83 $20,951.00 $1.65 $18,942.00 $2.00 $22,960.00 $1.80 $20,664.00 $2.00 $22,960.00 48 SF 570 2.00 $1,140.00 $1.93 $1,097.25 $1.85 $1,054.50 $2.00 $1,140.00 $2.00 $1,140.00 $2.00 $1,140.00 49 SF 14000 2.25 $31,500.00 $2.00 $28,000.00 $2.00 $28,000.00 $2.00 $28,000.00 $2.15 $30,100.00 $2.00 $28,000.00 50 LF 10 4.00 $40.00 $10.50 $105.00 $10.00 $100.00 $11.00 $110.00 $11.00 $110.00 $10.00 $100.00 51 LF 299 150.00 $44,850.00 $134.00 $40,066.00 $125.00 $37,375.00 $143.00 $42,757.00 $137.50 $41,112.50 $300.00 $89,700.00 52 LF 1396 170.00 $237,320.00 $174.50 $243,602.00 $180.00 $251,280.00 $169.00 $235,924.00 $265.00 $369,940.00 $300.00 $418,800.00 53 LF 1033 12.00 $12,396.00 $58.00 $59,914.00 $25.00 $25,825.00 $91.00 $94,003.00 $22.00 $22,726.00 $100.00 $103,300.00 54 EA 12 1,500.00 $18,000.00 $1,575.00 $18,900.00 $1,500.00 $18,000.00 $1,650.00 $19,800.00 $1,100.00 $13,200.00 $1,500.00 $18,000.00 55 LF 316 10.00 $3,160.00 $31.50 $9,954.00 $25.00 $7,900.00 $38.00 $12,008.00 $41.50 $13,114.00 $80.00 $25,280.00 56 EA 4 1,200.00 $4,800.00 $2,175.00 $8,700.00 $2,500.00 $10,000.00 $1,850.00 $7,400.00 $3,225.00 $12,900.00 $1,000.00 $4,000.00 57A FA 1 75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 57B LF 689 56.00 $38,584.00 $13.00 $8,957.00 $20.00 $13,780.00 $6.00 $4,134.00 $16.50 $11,368.50 $20.00 $13,780.00 58 LF 4031 70.00 $282,170.00 $43.38 $174,844.63 $26.75 $107,829.25 $60.00 $241,860.00 $50.35 $202,960.85 $53.00 $213,643.00 59 EA 60 1,000.00 $60,000.00 $1,130.00 $67,800.00 $1,270.00 $76,200.00 $990.00 $59,400.00 $620.00 $37,200.00 $1,000.00 $60,000.00 60 LF 683 50.00 $34,150.00 $65.88 $44,992.63 $26.75 $18,270.25 $105.00 $71,715.00 $56.00 $38,248.00 $53.00 $36,199.00 61 EA 12 350.00 $4,200.00 $640.00 $7,680.00 $800.00 $9,600.00 $480.00 $5,760.00 $1,005.00 $12,060.00 $800.00 $9,600.00 62 EA 18 10,000.00 $180,000.00 $1,732.50 $31,185.00 $2,165.00 $38,970.00 $1,300.00 $23,400.00 $2,185.00 $39,330.00 $1,700.00 $30,600.00 63 EA 1 40,000.00 $40,000.00 $7,525.00 $7,525.00 $8,050.00 $8,050.00 $7,000.00 $7,000.00 $12,500.00 $12,500.00 $8,000.00 $8,000.00 64 EA 2 550.00 $1,100.00 $1,532.50 $3,065.00 $2,000.00 $4,000.00 $1,065.00 $2,130.00 $2,750.00 $5,500.00 $1,500.00 $3,000.00 65 EA 2 400.00 $800.00 $1,190.00 $2,380.00 $1,500.00 $3,000.00 $880.00 $1,760.00 $2,750.00 $5,500.00 $1,500.00 $3,000.00 66 LS 1 50,000.00 $50,000.00 $34,575.00 $34,575.00 $21,650.00 $21,650.00 $47,500.00 $47,500.00 $90,000.00 $90,000.00 $30,000.00 $30,000.00 67 LF 1410 4.00 $5,640.00 $3.41 $4,801.05 $2.56 $3,609.60 $4.25 $5,992.50 $4.30 $6,063.00 $3.00 $4,230.00 68 LF 13345 4.00 $53,380.00 $2.15 $28,691.75 $1.80 $24,021.00 $2.50 $33,362.50 $2.50 $33,362.50 $2.00 $26,690.00 69 EA 0 30,000.00 $0.00 $18,737.50 $0.00 $15,725.00 $0.00 $21,750.00 $0.00 $21,700.00 $0.00 $17,000.00 $0.00 70 EA 0 80,000.00 $0.00 $11,400.00 $0.00 $12,800.00 $0.00 $10,000.00 $0.00 $9,965.00 $0.00 $20,000.00 $0.00 71 LF 1070 35.00 $37,450.00 $31.90 $34,133.00 $25.30 $27,071.00 $38.50 $41,195.00 $38.25 $40,927.50 $28.00 $29,960.00 72 LF 180 55.00 $9,900.00 $67.40 $12,132.00 $56.30 $10,134.00 $78.50 $14,130.00 $78.00 $14,040.00 $60.00 $10,800.00 73 LF 160 65.00 $10,400.00 $74.15 $11,864.00 $62.80 $10,048.00 $85.50 $13,680.00 $84.80 $13,568.00 $68.00 $10,880.00 74 EA 1 20,000.00 $20,000.00 $12,870.00 $12,870.00 $12,440.00 $12,440.00 $13,300.00 $13,300.00 $1,635.00 $1,635.00 $14,000.00 $14,000.00 75 EA 2 2,000.00 $4,000.00 $1,201.00 $2,402.00 $1,526.00 $3,052.00 $876.00 $1,752.00 $865.00 $1,730.00 $2,600.00 $5,200.00 76 EA 0 750.00 $0.00 $761.50 $0.00 $548.00 $0.00 $975.00 $0.00 $970.00 $0.00 $600.00 $0.00 77 EA 0 1,400.00 $0.00 $1,693.50 $0.00 $1,662.00 $0.00 $1,725.00 $0.00 $1,705.00 $0.00 $1,800.00 $0.00 78 EA 12 2,200.00 $26,400.00 $2,338.00 $28,056.00 $2,026.00 $24,312.00 $2,650.00 $31,800.00 $2,610.00 $31,320.00 $2,200.00 $26,400.00 79 EA 3 3,500.00 $10,500.00 $4,696.50 $14,089.50 $4,393.00 $13,179.00 $5,000.00 $15,000.00 $5,015.00 $15,045.00 $5,700.00 $17,100.00 80 EA 3 8,000.00 $24,000.00 $3,844.00 $11,532.00 $3,388.00 $10,164.00 $4,300.00 $12,900.00 $4,300.00 $12,900.00 $3,700.00 $11,100.00 81 EA 3 10,000.00 $30,000.00 $4,825.00 $14,475.00 $3,850.00 $11,550.00 $5,800.00 $17,400.00 $5,755.00 $17,265.00 $4,200.00 $12,600.00 82 EA 4 12,500.00 $50,000.00 $6,641.00 $26,564.00 $5,357.00 $21,428.00 $7,925.00 $31,700.00 $7,850.00 $31,400.00 $5,800.00 $23,200.00 83 EA 1 14,500.00 $14,500.00 $8,705.50 $8,705.50 $9,111.00 $9,111.00 $8,300.00 $8,300.00 $8,250.00 $8,250.00 $11,000.00 $11,000.00 84 AC 2.2 12,500.00 $27,500.00 $8,250.00 $18,150.00 $12,500.00 $27,500.00 $4,000.00 $8,800.00 $13,500.00 $29,700.00 $6,000.00 $13,200.00 85 AC 3.3 15,000.00 $49,500.00 $3,350.00 $11,055.00 $2,500.00 $8,250.00 $4,200.00 $13,860.00 $2,700.00 $8,910.00 $3,000.00 $9,900.00 86 CY 885 60.00 $53,100.00 $47.50 $42,037.50 $25.00 $22,125.00 $70.00 $61,950.00 $70.00 $61,950.00 $110.00 $97,350.00 87 LF 52 190.00 $9,880.00 $276.10 $14,357.20 $288.20 $14,986.40 $264.00 $13,728.00 $192.00 $9,984.00 $350.00 $18,200.00 88 LS 1 16,000.00 $16,000.00 $60,000.00 $60,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $45,000.00 $45,000.00 $64,915.00 $64,915.00 $60,000.00 $60,000.00 89 EA 1 700.00 $700.00 $1,075.00 $1,075.00 $1,350.00 $1,350.00 $800.00 $800.00 $1,375.00 $1,375.00 $1,200.00 $1,200.00 90 EA 1 1,000.00 $1,000.00 $2,070.00 $2,070.00 $3,250.00 $3,250.00 $890.00 $890.00 $3,850.00 $3,850.00 $3,700.00 $3,700.00 91 EA 3 6,500.00 $19,500.00 $5,150.00 $15,450.00 $3,000.00 $9,000.00 $7,300.00 $21,900.00 $6,500.00 $19,500.00 $2,400.00 $7,200.00 92 EA 1 5,000.00 $5,000.00 $10,875.00 $10,875.00 $11,750.00 $11,750.00 $10,000.00 $10,000.00 $13,755.00 $13,755.00 $14,000.00 $14,000.00 93 EA 1 5,000.00 $5,000.00 $11,575.00 $11,575.00 $13,000.00 $13,000.00 $10,150.00 $10,150.00 $13,775.00 $13,775.00 $14,000.00 $14,000.00 Pivetta Brothers Construction Ceccanti REMOVAL OF EXISTING 48 IN. DIAM. WATER MANHOLE AND GATE VALVE 12"X6" TAPPING TEE AND VALVE 16"X6" TAPPING TEE AND VALVE MULCH TOPSOIL RESTRAINED DUCTILE IRON PIPE CLASS 52 FOR WATER MAIN, 6 INCH DIAM. ABANDON EXISTING FIRE WATERLINE (CLSM) ADJUST METER BOX ADJUST DOUBLE CHECK VALVE ASSEMBLY (DCVA) BOX INSTALL NEW L-852T(L) LED IN-PAVEMENT TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHT WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON NEW L-868 BASE CAN INSTALL NEW SIZE 2, 1 MODULE LED AIRFIELD GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON EXISTING CONCRETE FOUNDATION INSTALL NEW SIZE 2, 2 MODULE LED AIRFIELD GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON EXISTING CONCRETE FOUNDATION INSTALL NEW SIZE 2, 4 MODULE LED AIRFIELD GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON EXISTING CONCRETE FOUNDATION INSTALL NEW SIZE 2, 2 MODULE LED AIRFIELD GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON NEW CONCRETE FOUNDATION SEEDING (2) 2" PVC SCH 40, CONCRETE ENCASED INSTALL NEW AIRCRAFT LOAD RATED CONCRETE HANDHOLE SALVAGE EXISTING IN-PAVEMENT L-850C RUNWAY EDGE LIGHT AND REINSTALL ON EXISTING L-868 BASE CAN INSTALL NEW L-861T(L) LED TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHT WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER AND HARDWARE ON EXISTING L-867 BASE CAN INSTALL NEW L-861T(L) LED TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHT WITH NEW ISOLATION INSTALL NEW L-861T(L) LED TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHT WITH NEW ISOLATION BARE #6 CU COUNTERPOISE CABLE INSTALLED IN TRENCH OR BORE INCLUDING GROUND RODS NEW L-824 TYPE C #8, 5 KV CABLE INSTALLED IN EXISTING OR NEW CONDUIT INSTALL NEW 7.5 KW FERRORESONANT CONSTANT CURRENT REGULATOR IN AIRFIELD LIGHTING VAULT AIRFIELD LIGHTING VAULT SPACE UTILITIZATION IMPROVEMENTS (1) 2" PVC SCH 40, DIRECT BURIED (1) 2" PVC SCH 40, CONCRETE ENCASED REMOVE EXISTING CATCH BASIN CB TYPE 1 CB TYPE 2 - 48" AIRCRAFT RATED ADJUST STRUCTURE TO GRADE (PAVEMENT) ADJUST STRUCTURE TO GRADE (GRASS INFIELD) AIRFIELD ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DEMOLITION AND SALVAGE CONNECT EXISTING PIPE TO NEW STRUCTURE TRENCHLESS PIPE REPAIR REMOVE PIPE SEDIMENT 6-INCH CONVENTIONAL UNDERDRAIN UNDERDRAIN CLEANOUT 6-INCH UNDERDRAIN OUTFALL PIPE PAINT LINE 12-INCH REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE 12-INCH DUCTILE IRON PIPE REMOVE EXISTING STORM DRAINAGE PIPE CONNECT TO EXISTING STORM STRUCTURE ABANDON EXISTING STORM DRAINAGE PIPE EMULSIFIED ASPHALT TACK COAT CONCRETE FOR TRANSITION SLABS PAVEMENT MARKING REMOVAL INITIAL MARKINGS PERMANENT MARKINGS REFLECTIVE PERMANENT MARKINGS COMMERCIAL HMA FOR TEMPORARY TRENCH PATCH (2-IN. MIN.) 2-IN. HMA CL. 1/2 IN. PG 58H-22 FOR OVERLAY CRUSHED SURFACING TOP COURSE CEMENT CONC. SIDEWALK CEMENT CONC. CURB AND GUTTER CEMENT CONC. GUTTER SEPARATION GEOTEXTILE BIAXIAL GEOGRID ASPHALT SURFACE COURSE ASPHALT LEVELING COURSE ASPHALT BASE COURSE HMA CL. 1/2 IN. PG 58H-22 FOR FINAL TRENCH PATCH CONTAMINATED SOIL REMOVAL AND DISPOSAL STRIPPING QUARRY SPALLS DEWATERING CRUSHED AGGREGATE BASE COURSE CHOKE STONE TRENCH EXCAVATION SAFETY SYSTEMS UTILITY POTHOLING UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION - WITH PCC UNDERLAYMENT UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION - WITHOUT PCC UNDERLAYMENT EMBANKMENT IN PLACE UNSUITABLE EXCAVATION ASPHALT PAVEMENT REMOVAL - 8 TO 14 INCH THICKNESS COLD MILLING - VARIABLE DEPTH (2 INCH NOMINAL) COLD MILLING - VARIABLE DEPTH (4 INCH NOMINAL) OVERLAY BASE PREPARATION TRENCH UNDERLAYMENT REMOVAL AND RESTORATION CRACK SEALING MOBILIZATION TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL CONSTRUCTION STAKING ASPHALT PAVEMENT REMOVAL - 1 TO 8 INCH THICKNESS Active Construction SEDIMENT TRAP CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND PHASING FOD PREVENTION CONTROLS CATCH BASIN PROTECTION INTERCEPTER BERM EROSION CONTROL BLANKET WHEEL WASH SILT FENCE CONTRACTOR QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM (CQCP) AVERAGE BID Scarsella Bros., Inc. BID TABULTATION - AWARD ALTERNATIVE #3 AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . i ) 94 EA 2 12,000.00 $24,000.00 $7,625.00 $15,250.00 $8,650.00 $17,300.00 $6,600.00 $13,200.00 $7,650.00 $15,300.00 $6,300.00 $12,600.00 95 EA 4 1,000.00 $4,000.00 $1,400.00 $5,600.00 $1,000.00 $4,000.00 $1,800.00 $7,200.00 $1,835.00 $7,340.00 $1,380.00 $5,520.00 96 EA 3 5,500.00 $16,500.00 $2,125.00 $6,375.00 $2,250.00 $6,750.00 $2,000.00 $6,000.00 $4,250.00 $12,750.00 $1,340.00 $4,020.00 97 EA 6 8,000.00 $48,000.00 $2,850.00 $17,100.00 $3,000.00 $18,000.00 $2,700.00 $16,200.00 $4,250.00 $25,500.00 $2,400.00 $14,400.00 Subtotal A 8,646,196.00 $8,930,985.27 8,869,855.05 8,992,115.45 8,659,986.60 11,458,842.00 Tax 10.3% 890,558.19 919,891.48 913,595.07 926,187.89 891,978.62 1,180,260.73 Total A 9,536,754.19 $9,850,876.75 9,783,450.12 9,918,303.34 9,551,965.22 12,639,102.73 Schedule B 98 LS 1 10,000.00 $10,000.00 $13,000.00 $13,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 99 LS 1 10,000.00 $10,000.00 $13,000.00 $13,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 100 LS 1 62,000.00 $62,000.00 $38,000.00 $38,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $38,500.00 $38,500.00 $500.00 $500.00 101 LS 1 17,000.00 $17,000.00 $9,500.00 $9,500.00 $10,000.00 $10,000.00 $9,000.00 $9,000.00 $9,150.00 $9,150.00 $8,000.00 $8,000.00 102 SY 120 7.00 $840.00 $23.00 $2,760.00 $30.00 $3,600.00 $16.00 $1,920.00 $36.00 $4,320.00 $14.00 $1,680.00 103 SY 9,530 12.00 $114,360.00 $8.63 $82,196.25 $8.25 $78,622.50 $9.00 $85,770.00 $9.75 $92,917.50 $7.00 $66,710.00 104 SY 7,150 8.25 $58,987.50 $3.50 $25,025.00 $6.00 $42,900.00 $1.00 $7,150.00 $7.50 $53,625.00 $2.00 $14,300.00 105 TON 2,310 165.00 $381,150.00 $167.00 $385,770.00 $164.00 $378,840.00 $170.00 $392,700.00 $174.00 $401,940.00 $165.00 $381,150.00 106 TON 15 300.00 $4,500.00 $300.00 $4,500.00 $250.00 $3,750.00 $350.00 $5,250.00 $265.00 $3,975.00 $250.00 $3,750.00 107 TON 6 600.00 $3,360.00 $975.00 $5,460.00 $1,000.00 $5,600.00 $950.00 $5,320.00 $1,060.00 $5,936.00 $1,000.00 $5,600.00 108 SF 3,390 1.50 $5,085.00 $1.83 $6,186.75 $1.65 $5,593.50 $2.00 $6,780.00 $1.85 $6,271.50 $2.00 $6,780.00 109 SF 4,600 2.25 $10,350.00 $2.00 $9,200.00 $2.00 $9,200.00 $2.00 $9,200.00 $2.25 $10,350.00 $2.00 $9,200.00 110 LF 399 150.00 $59,850.00 $175.25 $69,924.75 $215.50 $85,984.50 $135.00 $53,865.00 $205.00 $81,795.00 $300.00 $119,700.00 111 LF 198 170.00 $33,660.00 $207.13 $41,010.75 $244.25 $48,361.50 $170.00 $33,660.00 $190.00 $37,620.00 $300.00 $59,400.00 112 EA 3 1,200.00 $3,600.00 $1,650.00 $4,950.00 $1,500.00 $4,500.00 $1,800.00 $5,400.00 $2,585.00 $7,755.00 $1,000.00 $3,000.00 113 EA 8 20,000.00 $160,000.00 $16,500.00 $132,000.00 $23,000.00 $184,000.00 $10,000.00 $80,000.00 $19,500.00 $156,000.00 $9,000.00 $72,000.00 114 EA 2 35,000.00 $70,000.00 $8,500.00 $17,000.00 $11,000.00 $22,000.00 $6,000.00 $12,000.00 $7,405.00 $14,810.00 $8,000.00 $16,000.00 Subtotal B 1,004,742.50 $859,483.50 $1,007,952.00 $711,015.00 $934,965.00 $768,770.00 Tax 10.3% 103,488.48 88,526.80 103,819.06 73,234.55 96,301.40 79,183.31 Total B 1,108,230.98 $948,010.30 $1,111,771.06 $784,249.55 $1,031,266.40 $847,953.31 Schedule D 129 LS 1 10,000.00 $10,000.00 $8,000.00 $8,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 130 LS 1 70,000.00 $70,000.00 $20,500.00 $20,500.00 $40,000.00 $40,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $15,500.00 $15,500.00 $500.00 $500.00 131 LS 1 30,000.00 $30,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,500.00 $5,500.00 $4,500.00 $4,500.00 $4,650.00 $4,650.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 132 LS 1 250,000.00 $250,000.00 $130,227.00 $130,227.00 $198,104.00 $198,104.00 $62,350.00 $62,350.00 $260,000.00 $260,000.00 $215,000.00 $215,000.00 133 LS 1 100,000.00 $100,000.00 $23,950.00 $23,950.00 $11,900.00 $11,900.00 $36,000.00 $36,000.00 $65,000.00 $65,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 134 EA 3 25,000.00 $75,000.00 $19,987.50 $59,962.50 $15,725.00 $47,175.00 $24,250.00 $72,750.00 $24,020.00 $72,060.00 $16,000.00 $48,000.00 135 EA 1 30,000.00 $30,000.00 $20,862.50 $20,862.50 $17,475.00 $17,475.00 $24,250.00 $24,250.00 $21,965.00 $21,965.00 $18,000.00 $18,000.00 136 EA 1 6,000.00 $6,000.00 $16,518.00 $16,518.00 $11,036.00 $11,036.00 $22,000.00 $22,000.00 $4,215.00 $4,215.00 $12,000.00 $12,000.00 137 EA 2 9,000.00 $18,000.00 $6,387.50 $12,775.00 $8,525.00 $17,050.00 $4,250.00 $8,500.00 $4,215.00 $8,430.00 $9,000.00 $18,000.00 138 EA 1 8,000.00 $8,000.00 $7,720.00 $7,720.00 $2,440.00 $2,440.00 $13,000.00 $13,000.00 $12,900.00 $12,900.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 139 EA 1 3,000.00 $3,000.00 $1,305.50 $1,305.50 $1,211.00 $1,211.00 $1,400.00 $1,400.00 $1,450.00 $1,450.00 $2,000.00 $2,000.00 140 EA 3 8,000.00 $24,000.00 $7,025.00 $21,075.00 $13,500.00 $40,500.00 $550.00 $1,650.00 $550.00 $1,650.00 $14,000.00 $42,000.00 141 EA 1 3,000.00 $3,000.00 $682.50 $682.50 $980.00 $980.00 $385.00 $385.00 $385.00 $385.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 142 EA 1 6,000.00 $6,000.00 $2,962.50 $2,962.50 $5,200.00 $5,200.00 $725.00 $725.00 $725.00 $725.00 $6,000.00 $6,000.00 143 LS 1 30,000.00 $30,000.00 $8,412.50 $8,412.50 $8,125.00 $8,125.00 $8,700.00 $8,700.00 $20,000.00 $20,000.00 $9,000.00 $9,000.00 144 LF 250 200.00 $50,000.00 $171.50 $42,875.00 $163.00 $40,750.00 $180.00 $45,000.00 $230.00 $57,500.00 $170.00 $42,500.00 145 EA 2 10,000.00 $20,000.00 $7,210.00 $14,420.00 $6,970.00 $13,940.00 $7,450.00 $14,900.00 $1,435.00 $2,870.00 $7,000.00 $14,000.00 146 EA 2 20,000.00 $40,000.00 $12,720.00 $25,440.00 $12,440.00 $24,880.00 $13,000.00 $26,000.00 $1,435.00 $2,870.00 $13,000.00 $26,000.00 Subtotal D 773,000.00 $422,688.00 $501,266.00 $344,110.00 $557,170.00 $535,500.00 Tax 10.3% 79,619.00 43,536.86 51,630.40 35,443.33 57,388.51 55,156.50 Total D 852,619.00 $466,224.86 $552,896.40 $379,553.33 $614,558.51 $590,656.50 Schedule F 164 LS 1 10,000.00 $10,000.00 $750.00 $750.00 $500.00 $500.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 165 LS 1 10,000.00 $10,000.00 $1,750.00 $1,750.00 $2,500.00 $2,500.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 166 LS 1 70,000.00 $70,000.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,500.00 $5,500.00 $500.00 $500.00 167 LS 1 10,000.00 $10,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,500.00 $5,500.00 $4,500.00 $4,500.00 $4,600.00 $4,600.00 $4,000.00 $4,000.00 168 LS 1 100,000.00 $100,000.00 $8,845.00 $8,845.00 $8,540.00 $8,540.00 $9,150.00 $9,150.00 $9,065.00 $9,065.00 $9,000.00 $9,000.00 169 LF 6,020 4.00 $24,080.00 $2.28 $13,725.60 $2.56 $15,411.20 $2.00 $12,040.00 $2.15 $12,943.00 $3.00 $18,060.00 170 LF 5,440 35.00 $190,400.00 $26.40 $143,616.00 $25.30 $137,632.00 $27.50 $149,600.00 $27.55 $149,872.00 $26.00 $141,440.00 171 LF 580 65.00 $37,700.00 $74.40 $43,152.00 $62.80 $36,424.00 $86.00 $49,880.00 $85.20 $49,416.00 $64.00 $37,120.00 172 EA 8 20,000.00 $160,000.00 $12,720.00 $101,760.00 $12,440.00 $99,520.00 $13,000.00 $104,000.00 $1,405.00 $11,240.00 $13,000.00 $104,000.00 173 EA 72 2,200.00 $158,400.00 $2,213.00 $159,336.00 $2,026.00 $145,872.00 $2,400.00 $172,800.00 $2,415.00 $173,880.00 $2,400.00 $172,800.00 Subtotal F 770,580.00 $480,934.60 $456,899.20 $504,970.00 $426,516.00 $487,920.00 Tax 10.3% 79,369.74 49,536.26 47,060.62 52,011.91 43,931.15 50,255.76 Total F 849,949.74 $530,470.86 $503,959.82 $556,981.91 $470,447.15 $538,175.76 Schedule G 174 LS 1 160,000.00 $160,000.00 $13,000.00 $13,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $250,000.00 $250,000.00 $240,000.00 $240,000.00 175 LS 1 30,000.00 $30,000.00 $5,500.00 $5,500.00 $10,000.00 $10,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $55,000.00 $55,000.00 $350,000.00 $350,000.00 176 EA 30 175.00 $5,250.00 $100.00 $3,000.00 $125.00 $3,750.00 $75.00 $2,250.00 $82.50 $2,475.00 $100.00 $3,000.00 177 LF 2,864 10.00 $28,640.00 $5.00 $14,320.00 $4.00 $11,456.00 $6.00 $17,184.00 $6.00 $17,184.00 $8.00 $22,912.00 178 EA 2 3,500.00 $7,000.00 $8,750.00 $17,500.00 $7,500.00 $15,000.00 $10,000.00 $20,000.00 $11,355.00 $22,710.00 $22,000.00 $44,000.00 179 LS 1 50,000.00 $50,000.00 $5,500.00 $5,500.00 $10,000.00 $10,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $72,000.00 $72,000.00 $700,000.00 $700,000.00 180 LS 1 510,000.00 $510,000.00 $400,000.00 $400,000.00 $300,000.00 $300,000.00 $500,000.00 $500,000.00 $420,000.00 $420,000.00 $500,000.00 $500,000.00 181 LS 1 125,000.00 $125,000.00 $68,750.00 $68,750.00 $70,000.00 $70,000.00 $67,500.00 $67,500.00 $69,500.00 $69,500.00 $300,000.00 $300,000.00 182 SY 17,420 7.00 $121,940.00 $11.58 $201,636.50 $10.15 $176,813.00 $13.00 $226,460.00 $10.75 $187,265.00 $14.00 $243,880.00 183 SY 750 15.00 $11,250.00 $21.75 $16,312.50 $18.50 $13,875.00 $25.00 $18,750.00 $18.50 $13,875.00 $26.00 $19,500.00 184 SY 1,380 10.00 $13,800.00 $7.13 $9,832.50 $4.75 $6,555.00 $9.50 $13,110.00 $11.00 $15,180.00 $4.00 $5,520.00 185 SY 1,910 12.00 $22,920.00 $8.18 $15,614.25 $7.35 $14,038.50 $9.00 $17,190.00 $11.65 $22,251.50 $7.00 $13,370.00 186 SY 1,430 8.25 $11,797.50 $3.50 $5,005.00 $6.00 $8,580.00 $1.00 $1,430.00 $9.25 $13,227.50 $2.00 $2,860.00 187 FA 1 15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 188 LS 1 42,000.00 $42,000.00 $4,000.00 $4,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 $2,500.00 $2,500.00 $57,000.00 $57,000.00 189 EA 34 800.00 $27,200.00 $650.00 $22,100.00 $600.00 $20,400.00 $700.00 $23,800.00 $900.00 $30,600.00 $700.00 $23,800.00 190 CY 6,530 50.00 $326,500.00 $52.50 $342,825.00 $25.00 $163,250.00 $80.00 $522,400.00 $62.45 $407,798.50 $76.00 $496,280.00 191 CY 1,640 30.00 $49,200.00 $34.00 $55,760.00 $20.00 $32,800.00 $48.00 $78,720.00 $46.20 $75,768.00 $70.00 $114,800.00 192 CY 570 15.00 $8,550.00 $57.50 $32,775.00 $5.00 $2,850.00 $110.00 $62,700.00 $4.25 $2,422.50 $8.00 $4,560.00 193 CY 1,890 50.00 $94,500.00 $49.50 $93,555.00 $45.00 $85,050.00 $54.00 $102,060.00 $58.35 $110,281.50 $50.00 $94,500.00 194 CY 500 50.00 $25,000.00 $49.25 $24,625.00 $45.00 $22,500.00 $53.50 $26,750.00 $51.25 $25,625.00 $80.00 $40,000.00 195 CY 1,260 100.00 $126,000.00 $101.25 $127,575.00 $82.50 $103,950.00 $120.00 $151,200.00 $77.25 $97,335.00 $80.00 $100,800.00 196 LS 1 95,000.00 $95,000.00 $13,750.00 $13,750.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $2,500.00 $2,500.00 $40,000.00 $40,000.00 $37,000.00 $37,000.00 197 CY 5,100 75.00 $382,500.00 $93.20 $475,320.00 $96.40 $491,640.00 $90.00 $459,000.00 $106.50 $543,150.00 $120.00 $612,000.00 198 CY 640 85.00 $54,400.00 $110.20 $70,528.00 $90.40 $57,856.00 $130.00 $83,200.00 $98.00 $62,720.00 $90.00 $57,600.00 199 SY 22,530 3.00 $67,590.00 $1.98 $44,496.75 $1.45 $32,668.50 $2.50 $56,325.00 $2.00 $45,060.00 $3.00 $67,590.00SEPARATION GEOTEXTILE UNSUITABLE EXCAVATION STRIPPING QUARRY SPALLS DEWATERING CRUSHED AGGREGATE BASE COURSE CHOKE STONE CRACK SEALING TRENCH EXCAVATION SAFETY SYSTEMS UTILITY POTHOLING UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION - WITH PCC UNDERLAYMENT UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION - WITHOUT PCC UNDERLAYMENT EMBANKMENT IN PLACE CONSTRUCTION STAKING ASPHALT PAVEMENT REMOVAL - 1 TO 8 INCH THICKNESS ASPHALT PAVEMENT REMOVAL - 8 TO 14 INCH THICKNESS COLD MILLING - VARIABLE DEPTH (2 INCH NOMINAL) COLD MILLING - VARIABLE DEPTH (4 INCH NOMINAL) OVERLAY BASE PREPARATION FOD PREVENTION CONTROLS CATCH BASIN PROTECTION INTERCEPTER BERM WHEEL WASH CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND PHASING MOBILIZATION BARE #6 CU COUNTERPOISE CABLE INSTALLED IN TRENCH OR BORE INCLUDING GROUND RODS (1) 2" PVC SCH 40, DIRECT BURIED (2) 2" PVC SCH 40, CONCRETE ENCASED INSTALL NEW AIRCRAFT LOAD RATED CONCRETE HANDHOLE INSTALL NEW L-861T(L) LED TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHT WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER AND HARDWARE ON NEW L-867 BASE CAN CONTRACTOR QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM (CQCP) FOD PREVENTION CONTROLS CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND PHASING MOBILIZATION CONSTRUCTION STAKING AIRFIELD ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DEMOLITION AND SALVAGE INSTALL NEW H-20 LOAD RATED CONCRETE HANDHOLE INSTALL NEW AIRCRAFT LOAD RATED CONCRETE HANDHOLE RELOCATE EXISTING PAPIS & REILS BOOST TRANSFORMER RELOCATE EXISTING AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCH RELOCATE EXISTING AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCH MONITORING CABINET RELOCATE EXISTING MAIN SERVICE PANEL LV CONTRACTOR SUPPLIED STRUCTURAL STAMPED VAULT BUILDING DRAWINGS BY (4) 2" SCH. 80 HDPE DIRECTIONAL BORE DEMOLISH EXISTING AIRFIELD LIGHTING VAULT BUILDING INSTALL NEW 7.5KW FERRORESONANT CONSTANT CURRENT REGULATOR IN AIRFIELD INSTALL NEW 10KW FERRORESONANT CONSTANT CURRENT REGULATOR IN AIRFIELD NEW L-841 RELAY CABINET NEW L-854 PILOT CONTROLLED RADIO NEW AIRFIELD LIGHTING PATCH PANEL CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND PHASING MOBILIZATION CONSTRUCTION STAKING NEW AIRFIELD LIGHTING VAULT BUILDING REFLECTIVE PERMANENT MARKINGS 12-INCH REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE 12-INCH DUCTILE IRON PIPE CONNECT EXISTING PIPE TO NEW STRUCTURE CB TYPE 3 - AIRCRAFT RATED CB TYPE 4 - AIRCRAFT RATED SMH COLD MILLING - VARIABLE DEPTH (4 INCH NOMINAL) OVERLAY BASE PREPARATION ASPHALT SURFACE COURSE ASPHALT LEVELING COURSE EMULSIFIED ASPHALT TACK COAT INITIAL MARKINGS FOD PREVENTION CONTROLS CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND PHASING MOBILIZATION CONSTRUCTION STAKING ASPHALT PAVEMENT REMOVAL - 1 TO 8 INCH THICKNESS REMOVAL OF EXISTING BELOW GRADE FIRE HYDRANT HYDRANT ASSEMBLY BOLLARD REMOVAL OF EXISTING ABOVE GRADE FIRE HYDRANT AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . i ) 200 SY 3,760 4.00 $15,040.00 $3.33 $12,502.00 $2.65 $9,964.00 $4.00 $15,040.00 $5.00 $18,800.00 $5.00 $18,800.00 201 TON 4,980 175.00 $871,500.00 $167.00 $831,660.00 $164.00 $816,720.00 $170.00 $846,600.00 $174.00 $866,520.00 $165.00 $821,700.00 202 TON 25 1,000.00 $25,000.00 $300.00 $7,500.00 $250.00 $6,250.00 $350.00 $8,750.00 $265.00 $6,625.00 $250.00 $6,250.00 203 TON 6,820 175.00 $1,193,500.00 $156.50 $1,067,330.00 $143.00 $975,260.00 $170.00 $1,159,400.00 $152.00 $1,036,640.00 $145.00 $988,900.00 204 TON 25 600.00 $15,000.00 $980.00 $24,500.00 $1,000.00 $25,000.00 $960.00 $24,000.00 $1,075.00 $26,875.00 $1,000.00 $25,000.00 205 SY 300 230.00 $69,000.00 $234.00 $70,200.00 $225.00 $67,500.00 $243.00 $72,900.00 $205.00 $61,500.00 $200.00 $60,000.00 206 SF 140 2.00 $280.00 $10.50 $1,470.00 $10.00 $1,400.00 $11.00 $1,540.00 $10.80 $1,512.00 $10.00 $1,400.00 207 SF 5,360 1.50 $8,040.00 $1.83 $9,782.00 $1.65 $8,844.00 $2.00 $10,720.00 $1.80 $9,648.00 $2.00 $10,720.00 208 SF 0 2.00 $0.00 $1.93 $0.00 $1.85 $0.00 $2.00 $0.00 $2.00 $0.00 $2.00 $0.00 209 SF 6,650 2.25 $14,962.50 $2.00 $13,300.00 $2.00 $13,300.00 $2.00 $13,300.00 $2.15 $14,297.50 $2.00 $13,300.00 210 LF 515 150.00 $77,250.00 $133.10 $68,546.50 $132.20 $68,083.00 $134.00 $69,010.00 $190.00 $97,850.00 $300.00 $154,500.00 211 LF 445 170.00 $75,650.00 $176.30 $78,453.50 $185.60 $82,592.00 $167.00 $74,315.00 $230.00 $102,350.00 $300.00 $133,500.00 212 LF 531 12.00 $6,372.00 $55.50 $29,470.50 $20.00 $10,620.00 $91.00 $48,321.00 $22.00 $11,682.00 $100.00 $53,100.00 213 EA 4 1,500.00 $6,000.00 $1,900.00 $7,600.00 $2,000.00 $8,000.00 $1,800.00 $7,200.00 $2,460.00 $9,840.00 $1,500.00 $6,000.00 214 EA 2 1,200.00 $2,400.00 $1,675.00 $3,350.00 $1,500.00 $3,000.00 $1,850.00 $3,700.00 $1,600.00 $3,200.00 $1,000.00 $2,000.00 215 LF 2,438 70.00 $170,660.00 $50.13 $122,204.75 $26.75 $65,216.50 $73.50 $179,193.00 $50.35 $122,753.30 $53.00 $129,214.00 216 EA 36 1,000.00 $36,000.00 $1,135.00 $40,860.00 $1,270.00 $45,720.00 $1,000.00 $36,000.00 $620.00 $22,320.00 $1,000.00 $36,000.00 217 LF 519 50.00 $25,950.00 $66.38 $34,448.63 $26.75 $13,883.25 $106.00 $55,014.00 $56.00 $29,064.00 $53.00 $27,507.00 218 EA 3 350.00 $1,050.00 $640.00 $1,920.00 $800.00 $2,400.00 $480.00 $1,440.00 $1,005.00 $3,015.00 $800.00 $2,400.00 219 EA 8 10,000.00 $80,000.00 $1,825.00 $14,600.00 $2,050.00 $16,400.00 $1,600.00 $12,800.00 $2,185.00 $17,480.00 $1,700.00 $13,600.00 220 EA 2 550.00 $1,100.00 $1,525.00 $3,050.00 $2,000.00 $4,000.00 $1,050.00 $2,100.00 $2,750.00 $5,500.00 $1,450.00 $2,900.00 221 LS 1 100,000.00 $100,000.00 $1,769.00 $1,769.00 $1,738.00 $1,738.00 $1,800.00 $1,800.00 $19,000.00 $19,000.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 222 LF 1,405 4.00 $5,620.00 $3.53 $4,959.65 $2.56 $3,596.80 $4.50 $6,322.50 $4.55 $6,392.75 $3.00 $4,215.00 223 LF 6,980 4.00 $27,920.00 $2.15 $15,007.00 $1.80 $12,564.00 $2.50 $17,450.00 $2.55 $17,799.00 $2.00 $13,960.00 224 LF 1,150 35.00 $40,250.00 $33.40 $38,410.00 $25.30 $29,095.00 $41.50 $47,725.00 $41.50 $47,725.00 $30.00 $34,500.00 225 LF 255 65.00 $16,575.00 $76.90 $19,609.50 $62.80 $16,014.00 $91.00 $23,205.00 $90.10 $22,975.50 $70.00 $17,850.00 226 EA 1 750.00 $750.00 $2,350.50 $2,350.50 $2,201.00 $2,201.00 $2,500.00 $2,500.00 $2,600.00 $2,600.00 $3,400.00 $3,400.00 227 EA 0 750.00 $0.00 $899.00 $0.00 $548.00 $0.00 $1,250.00 $0.00 $1,250.00 $0.00 $600.00 $0.00 228 EA 0 1,400.00 $0.00 $1,731.00 $0.00 $1,662.00 $0.00 $1,800.00 $0.00 $1,815.00 $0.00 $1,800.00 $0.00 229 EA 20 2,200.00 $44,000.00 $2,438.00 $48,760.00 $2,026.00 $40,520.00 $2,850.00 $57,000.00 $2,825.00 $56,500.00 $3,400.00 $68,000.00 230 EA 2 8,000.00 $16,000.00 $3,944.00 $7,888.00 $3,388.00 $6,776.00 $4,500.00 $9,000.00 $4,505.00 $9,010.00 $3,700.00 $7,400.00 231 EA 1 10,000.00 $10,000.00 $4,925.00 $4,925.00 $3,850.00 $3,850.00 $6,000.00 $6,000.00 $5,950.00 $5,950.00 $4,200.00 $4,200.00 232 EA 1 14,500.00 $14,500.00 $8,030.50 $8,030.50 $9,111.00 $9,111.00 $6,950.00 $6,950.00 $6,900.00 $6,900.00 $11,000.00 $11,000.00 233 EA 1 18,000.00 $18,000.00 $9,280.00 $9,280.00 $10,060.00 $10,060.00 $8,500.00 $8,500.00 $8,500.00 $8,500.00 $12,000.00 $12,000.00 234 EA 1 3,500.00 $3,500.00 $2,017.50 $2,017.50 $3,085.00 $3,085.00 $950.00 $950.00 $955.00 $955.00 $3,700.00 $3,700.00 235 AC 1 12,500.00 $6,250.00 $8,750.00 $4,375.00 $13,500.00 $6,750.00 $4,000.00 $2,000.00 $14,850.00 $7,425.00 $6,000.00 $3,000.00 236 AC 1 15,000.00 $12,000.00 $3,600.00 $2,880.00 $3,000.00 $2,400.00 $4,200.00 $3,360.00 $3,300.00 $2,640.00 $3,000.00 $2,400.00 237 CY 500 60.00 $30,000.00 $47.50 $23,750.00 $25.00 $12,500.00 $70.00 $35,000.00 $70.00 $35,000.00 $110.00 $55,000.00 238 LS 1 14,000.00 $14,000.00 $55,000.00 $55,000.00 $65,000.00 $65,000.00 $45,000.00 $45,000.00 $61,550.00 $61,550.00 $60,000.00 $60,000.00 239 EA 6 6,500.00 $39,000.00 $2,090.00 $12,540.00 $3,500.00 $21,000.00 $680.00 $4,080.00 $6,500.00 $39,000.00 $2,400.00 $14,400.00 240 EA 7 8,000.00 $56,000.00 $2,600.00 $18,200.00 $2,500.00 $17,500.00 $2,700.00 $18,900.00 $6,500.00 $45,500.00 $2,400.00 $16,800.00 241 FA 1 25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 Subtotal G 5,585,157.00 $4,845,780.03 $4,255,945.55 $5,435,614.50 $5,506,822.55 $7,032,588.00 Tax 10.3% 575,271.17 499,115.34 438,362.39 559,868.29 567,202.72 724,356.56 Total G 6,160,428.17 $5,344,895.37 $4,694,307.94 $5,995,482.79 $6,074,025.27 $7,756,944.56 Schedule H 242 LS 1 10,000.00 $10,000.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $0.00 $0.00 $500.00 $500.00 243 LS 1 10,000.00 $10,000.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 244 LS 1 32,000.00 $32,000.00 $13,000.00 $13,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $24,500.00 $24,500.00 $500.00 $500.00 245 LS 1 17,000.00 $17,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,500.00 $5,500.00 $4,500.00 $4,500.00 $4,600.00 $4,600.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 246 SY 4,400 12.00 $52,800.00 $9.48 $41,690.00 $9.45 $41,580.00 $9.50 $41,800.00 $11.65 $51,260.00 $7.00 $30,800.00 247 SY 3,290 8.25 $27,142.50 $3.00 $9,870.00 $5.00 $16,450.00 $1.00 $3,290.00 $9.25 $30,432.50 $2.00 $6,580.00 248 TON 1,050 175.00 $183,750.00 $167.00 $175,350.00 $164.00 $172,200.00 $170.00 $178,500.00 $174.00 $182,700.00 $165.00 $173,250.00 249 TON 10 1,000.00 $10,000.00 $300.00 $3,000.00 $250.00 $2,500.00 $350.00 $3,500.00 $265.00 $2,650.00 $250.00 $2,500.00 250 TON 3 600.00 $1,560.00 $975.00 $2,535.00 $1,000.00 $2,600.00 $950.00 $2,470.00 $1,060.00 $2,756.00 $1,000.00 $2,600.00 251 SF 1,840 1.50 $2,760.00 $1.83 $3,358.00 $1.65 $3,036.00 $2.00 $3,680.00 $2.00 $3,680.00 $2.00 $3,680.00 252 SF 2,330 2.25 $5,242.50 $1.93 $4,485.25 $1.85 $4,310.50 $2.00 $4,660.00 $2.00 $4,660.00 $2.00 $4,660.00 Subtotal H 352,255.00 $264,288.25 $283,176.50 $245,400.00 $312,238.50 $228,570.00 Tax 10.3% 36,282.27 27,221.69 29,167.18 25,276.20 32,160.57 23,542.71 Total H 388,537.27 $291,509.94 $312,343.68 $270,676.20 $344,399.07 $252,112.71 Schedule K 281 LS 1 10,000.00 $10,000.00 $750.00 $750.00 $500.00 $500.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 282 LS 1 10,000.00 $10,000.00 $750.00 $750.00 $500.00 $500.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 283 LS 1 34,000.00 $34,000.00 $3,750.00 $3,750.00 $500.00 $500.00 $7,000.00 $7,000.00 $15,500.00 $15,500.00 $500.00 $500.00 284 LS 1 10,000.00 $10,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,500.00 $5,500.00 $4,500.00 $4,500.00 $4,600.00 $4,600.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 285 LS 1 75,000.00 $75,000.00 $8,750.00 $8,750.00 $3,500.00 $3,500.00 $14,000.00 $14,000.00 $13,950.00 $13,950.00 $4,000.00 $4,000.00 286 LF 2,255 4.00 $9,020.00 $3.53 $7,960.15 $2.56 $5,772.80 $4.50 $10,147.50 $4.55 $10,260.25 $2.00 $4,510.00 287 LF 1,980 35.00 $69,300.00 $33.40 $66,132.00 $25.30 $50,094.00 $41.50 $82,170.00 $71.25 $141,075.00 $28.00 $55,440.00 288 LF 275 65.00 $17,875.00 $76.90 $21,147.50 $62.80 $17,270.00 $91.00 $25,025.00 $300.00 $82,500.00 $63.00 $17,325.00 289 EA 4 20,000.00 $80,000.00 $12,720.00 $50,880.00 $12,440.00 $49,760.00 $13,000.00 $52,000.00 $1,405.00 $5,620.00 $13,000.00 $52,000.00 290 EA 23 2,200.00 $50,600.00 $2,513.00 $57,799.00 $2,026.00 $46,598.00 $3,000.00 $69,000.00 $305.00 $7,015.00 $2,400.00 $55,200.00 291 EA 1 3,500.00 $3,500.00 $2,116.50 $2,116.50 $3,083.00 $3,083.00 $1,150.00 $1,150.00 $1,170.00 $1,170.00 $3,400.00 $3,400.00 Subtotal K 369,295.00 $225,035.15 $183,077.80 $266,992.50 $291,690.25 $196,375.00 Tax 10.3% 38,037.39 23,178.62 18,857.01 27,500.23 30,044.10 20,226.63 Total K 407,332.39 $248,213.77 $201,934.81 $294,492.73 $321,734.35 $216,601.63 AWARD ALTERNATIVE 3 (Base Bid + Schedules D + F + K) = $19,303,851.74 $17,680,201.85 $17,160,663.83 $18,199,739.85 $18,408,395.97 $22,841,547.20 SALVAGE EXISTING IN-PAVEMENT L-850C RUNWAY EDGE LIGHT AND REINSTALL ON NEW L-868 BASE CAN AIRFIELD ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DEMOLITION AND SALVAGE BARE #6 CU COUNTERPOISE CABLE INSTALLED IN TRENCH OR BORE INCLUDING GROUND RODS (1) 2" PVC SCH 40, DIRECT BURIED (2) 2" PVC SCH 40, CONCRETE ENCASED INSTALL NEW AIRCRAFT LOAD RATED CONCRETE HANDHOLE INSTALL NEW L-861T(L) LED TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHT WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER AND HARDWARE ON NEW L-867 BASE CAN FOD PREVENTION CONTROLS CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND PHASING MOBILIZATION CONSTRUCTION STAKING REFLECTIVE PERMANENT MARKINGS COLD MILLING - VARIABLE DEPTH (4 INCH NOMINAL) OVERLAY BASE PREPARATION ASPHALT SURFACE COURSE ASPHALT LEVELING COURSE EMULSIFIED ASPHALT TACK COAT INITIAL MARKINGS 4" COMPRESSED AIR, DIRECT BURIED FOD PREVENTION CONTROLS CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND PHASING MOBILIZATION CONSTRUCTION STAKING SEEDING MULCH TOPSOIL ABANDON EXISTING FIRE WATERLINE (CLSM) REMOVAL OF EXISTING 48 IN. DIAM. WATER MANHOLE AND GATE VALVE REMOVAL OF EXISTING BELOW GRADE FIRE HYDRANT INSTALL NEW L-861T(L) LED TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHT WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER AND HARDWARE ON NEW L-867 BASE CAN INSTALL NEW SIZE 2, 1 MODULE LED AIRFIELD GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON EXISTING CONCRETE FOUNDATION INSTALL NEW SIZE 2, 2 MODULE LED AIRFIELD GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON EXISTING CONCRETE FOUNDATION INSTALL NEW SIZE 2, 2 MODULE LED AIRFIELD GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON NEW CONCRETE FOUNDATION INSTALL NEW SIZE 2, 4 MODULE LED AIRFIELD GUIDANCE SIGN WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER ON NEW CONCRETE FOUNDATION SALVAGE EXISTING IN-PAVEMENT L-850C RUNWAY EDGE LIGHT AND REINSTALL ON NEW L-868 BASE CAN NEW L-824 TYPE C #8, 5 KV CABLE INSTALLED IN EXISTING OR NEW CONDUIT (1) 2" PVC SCH 40, DIRECT BURIED (2) 2" PVC SCH 40, CONCRETE ENCASED SALVAGE EXISTING ELEVATED L-861 RUNWAY EDGE LIGHT AND REINSTALL ON NEW L- 867 BASE CAN INSTALL NEW L-861T(L) LED TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHT WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER AND HARDWARE ON EXISTING L-867 BASE CAN INSTALL NEW L-861T(L) LED TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHT WITH NEW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER AND HARDWARE INCLUDING BASE CAN EXTENSION/SPACER RINGS ON 6-INCH UNDERDRAIN OUTFALL PIPE REMOVE EXISTING CATCH BASIN CB TYPE I ADJUST STRUCTURE TO GRADE (PAVEMENT) AIRFIELD ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DEMOLITION AND SALVAGE BARE #6 CU COUNTERPOISE CABLE INSTALLED IN TRENCH OR BORE INCLUDING GROUND RODS 12-INCH DUCTILE IRON PIPE REMOVE EXISTING STORM DRAINAGE PIPE CONNECT TO EXISTING STORM STRUCTURE CONNECT EXISTING PIPE TO NEW STRUCTURE 6-INCH CONVENTIONAL UNDERDRAIN UNDERDRAIN CLEANOUT CONCRETE FOR TRANSITION SLABS PAVEMENT MARKING REMOVAL INITIAL MARKINGS PERMANENT MARKINGS REFLECTIVE PERMANENT MARKINGS 12-INCH REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE BIAXIAL GEOGRID ASPHALT SURFACE COURSE ASPHALT LEVELING COURSE ASPHALT BASE COURSE EMULSIFIED ASPHALT TACK COAT AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . i ) Item Description Determination 1. A Proposal will be considered irregular and will be rejected if: Criteria Met (Per Below) 1.a. The bidder is not prequalified when so required; None Found 1.b. The Bidder adds provisions reserving the right to reject or accept the Award, or enter into the Contract;None Found 1.c. A price per unit cannot be determined from the Bid Proposal; Price per unit clearly identified 1.d. The Proposal form is not properly executed; Correct Proposal form used. 1.e.The Bidder fails to submit or properly complete a subcontractor list (WSDOT Form 271-015), if applicable, as required in Section 1-02.6;Filled out Correctly 1.f.The Bidder fails to submit or properly complete a Disadvantaged Business Enterprise Certification (WSDOT Form 272-056), if applicable, as required in Section 1-02.6;Filled out Correctly 1.g. The Bidder fails to submit Written Confirmations (WSDOT Form 422-031) from each DBE firm listed on the Bidder’s completed DBE Utilization Certification that they are in agreement with the bidder’s DBE participation commitment, if applicable, as required in Section 1-02.6, or if the written confirmation that is submitted fails to meet the requirements of the Special Provisions; Filled out Correctly 1.h. The Bidder fails to submit DBE Good Faith Effort documentation, if applicable, as required in Section 1- 02.6, or if the documentation that is submitted fails to demonstrate that a Good Faith Effort to meet the Condition of Award in accordance with Section 1-07.11; Filled out Correctly 1.i. The Bidder fails to submit a DBE Bid Item Breakdown (WSDOT Form 272-054), if applicable, as required in Section 1-02.6, or if the documentation that is submitted fails to meet the requirements of the Special Provisions; Filled out Correctly 1.j.The Bid Proposal does not constitute a definite and unqualified offer to meet the material terms of the Bid invitation. Definite and unqualified offer Item Description Determination 2. A Proposal may be considered irregular and may be rejected if: Criteria Met (Per Below) 2.a. The Proposal does not include a unit price for every Bid item. Unit price included for every bid item Taxiway Alpha Rehabilitation Project Special Provisions 1-02.13 Irregular Proposals Bidder Assessment CAG-25-098 Bid Opening: August 20 2025 Bidder: Scarsella Bros. Inc. L&I Doing Business As (DBA): Scarsella Bros Inc Special Provisions 1-02.13 Irregular Proposals WA UBI No.: 578-035-242 License No.: SCARSBI183B8 Entity Type: WA Profit Corporation CAG-25-098 Bidder Assessment Page 1 of 3 AGENDA ITEM #8. i) 2.b.Any of the unit prices are excessively unbalanced (either above or below the amount of a reasonable Bid) to the potential detriment of the Contracting Agency; All unit prices considered reasonable and balanced 2.c. The authorized Proposal Form furnished by the Contracting Agency is not used or is altered; Proposal form submitted with bid. 2.d.The completed Proposal form contains any unauthorized additions, deletions, alternate Bids, or conditions; No edits to proposal conditions 2.e. Receipt of Addenda is not acknowledged; Receipt of Addendum 1 acknowledged 2.f.A member of a joint venture or partnership and the joint venture or partnership submit Proposals for the same project (in such an instance, both Bids may be rejected); or No evidence that members of a joint venture or partnership submitted multiple proposals 2.g. If the Proposal form entried are not made in ink. Proposal form entries made in ink Item Description Determination 1.A Bidder will be deemed not responsible and the proposal rejected if the bidder does not meet the responsibility criteria in RCW 39.04.350(1), as amended. Criteria Met (Per Below) (1)Before award of a public works contract, a bidder must meet the following responsibility criteria to be considered a responsible bidder and qualified to be awarded a public works project. The bidder must: Criteria Met (Per Below) (1)(a) At the time of bid submittal, have a certificate of registration in compliance with chapter 18.27 RCW;YES (1)(b) Have a current state unified business identifier number; L&I Acct ID: 132,332- 00 (1)(c)If applicable, have industrial insurance coverage for the bidder's employees working in Washington as required in Title 51 RCW;Account is CURRENT (1)(d) Not be disqualified from bidding on any public works contract under RCW 39.06.010 or 39.12.065(3);WA UBI: 578-035-242 (1)(e) If bidding on a public works project subject to the apprenticeship utilization requirements in RCW 39.04.320, not have been found out of compliance by the Washington state apprenticeship and training council for working apprentices out of ratio, without appropriate supervision, or outside their approved work processes as outlined in their standards of apprenticeship under chapter 49.04 RCW for the one-year period immediately preceding the date of the bid solicitation; Meets current requirements Per L&I. City Special Provisions 1-02.14 Disqualification of Bidder RCW 39.04.350 CAG-25-098 Bidder Assessment Page 2 of 3 AGENDA ITEM #8. i) (1)(f) Have received training on the requirements related to public works and prevailing wage under this chapter and chapter 39.12 RCW. The bidder must designate a person or persons to be trained on these requirements. The training must be provided by the department of labor and industries or by a training provider whose curriculum is approved by the department. The department, in consultation with the prevailing wage advisory committee, must determine the length of the training. Bidders that have completed three or more public works projects and have had a valid business license in Washington for three or more years are exempt from this subsection. The department of labor and industries must keep records of entities that have satisfied the training requirement or are exempt and make the records available on its web site. Responsible parties may rely on the records made available by the department regarding satisfaction of the training requirement or exemption; and Registered with ESD,219514-00-1 (1)(g) Within the three-year period immediately preceding the date of the bid solicitation, not have been determined by a final and binding citation and notice of assessment issued by the department of labor and industries or through a civil judgment entered by a court of limited or general jurisdiction to have willfully violated, as defined in RCW 49.48.082, any provision of chapter 49.46, 49.48, or 49.52 RCW. Excise Tax Acct ID: 578-035-242 (2) Before award of a public works contract, a bidder shall submit to the contracting agency a signed statement in accordance with chapter 5.50 RCW verifying under penalty of perjury that the bidder is in compliance with the responsible bidder criteria requirement of subsection (1)(g) of this section. A contracting agency may award a contract in reasonable reliance upon such a sworn statement. No debarments have been issued against this contractor Per L&I 2. A bidder may be deemed not responsible and the proposal rejected if: Criteria Met (Per Below) 2.a.More than one proposal is submitted for the same project from a bidder under the same or different names; One proposal submitted 2.b.Evidence of collusion exists with any other bidder or potential bidder. Participants in collusion will be restricted from submitting further bids; No evidence of collusion 2.c. The bidder, in the opinion of the Contracting Agency, is not qualified for the Work or to the full extent of the bid, or to the extent that the bid exceeds the authorized prequalification amount as may have been determined by a prequalification of the bidder; Bidder considered to be qualified 2.d. An unsatisfactory performance record exists based on past or current Contracting Agency Work or for Work done for others, as judged from the standpoint of conduct of the Work; workmanship; progress; affirmative action; equal employment opportunity practices; or Disadvantaged Enterprise, Minority Enterprise, or Women’s Business Enterprise utilization; No evidence of unsatisfactory performance 2.e.There is uncompleted Work (Contracting Agency or otherwise) which might hinder or prevent the prompt completion of the Work bid upon; No evidence of uncompleted work 2.f. The bidder failed to settle bills for labor or materials on past or current contracts; No evidence of unsettled bills 2.g.The bidder has failed to complete a written public contract or has been convicted of a crime arising from a previous public contract; No evidence of failure to complete a public contract 2.h. The bidder is unable, financially or otherwise, to perform the Work; No evidence of inability to perform the Work 2.i.A bidder is not authorized to do business in the State of Washington (not registered in accordance with RCW 18.27); Meets current requirements Per L&I 2.j. There are any other reasons deemed proper by the Contracting Agency. No other reasons for rejection CAG-25-098 Bidder Assessment Page 3 of 3 AGENDA ITEM #8. i) Copyright © Boeing. All rights reserved. To: William Adams - Renton Municipal Airport 9-3-25 This Letter of Intent confirms The Boeing Company’s interest to enter into a reimbursable agreement with the City of Renton to pay for Boeing transitional portion of the Taxiway Alpha Rehabilitation project in the approximate amount of $896,732.66 or the amount stated in the finalized agreement . Boeing Planning has worked with the Boeing Finance Department to forecast these funds for years 2026 and 2027. The finalized agreement will be forwarded to the Boeing Legal and Real Estate departments for official review and sign-off. Respectfully, Mark Clement - Boeing Renton, permit specialist Catalin Armasu - Boeing Renton, PM/CM manager AGENDA ITEM #8. i) AB - 3921 City Council Regular Meeting - 08 Sep 2025 SUBJECT/TITLE: Grant Agreement GCC 1275 with WSDOT for the Taxiway A Rehabilitation Project RECOMMENDED ACTION: Council Concur DEPARTMENT: Public Works Airport STAFF CONTACT: William Adams, Principal Engineer EXT.: 6862 FISCAL IMPACT SUMMARY: The fiscal impact of the awarded WSDOT grant GCC 1275 for the construction of the Taxiway A Rehabilitation Project is not to exceed $279,701.52. The full grant amount will be placed in Airport CIP Fund (422). Below is a summary of the total project cost and funding sources for the Taxiway A Rehabilitation Project. Project Element Costs Construction Management - AIP Eligible (Negotiated): $1,872,254 Construction Management - Non-AIP Eligible (Negotiated): $76,000 Construction Management IFE (Negotiated): $4,494 Bid Advertising Fees (Estimate): $3,000 Construction, All AIP Eligible Schedules (Low Bid, Verified): $17,160,664 Construction, Non-AIP Eligible Boeing Work (Low Bid, Verified): $896,733 Construction, Non-AIP Eligible City Work (Low Bid, Verified): $903,401 Total: $20,916,544 AIP Grant Eligible: $19,040,411 Non-AIP Grant Eligible (Pavement adjacent to drive lane): $896,733 Non-AIP Grant Eligible Boeing Work (Low Bid, Verified): $903401 Funding Sources FAA-035-2025 (AIG, Awarded): $1,163,000 FAA-034-2025 (AIP, Awarded): $15,996,212 WSDOT-2025 (Awarded): $279,702 FAA-2026 (AIG, Anticipated): $282,000 FAA-2026 (AIP, Anticipated): $150,000 Total Grant Funding: $17,870,914 City Costs (Assumes no WSDOT 2026): $3,045,631 Total All Funding Sources: $20,916,545 The total cost to the City of Renton including grant matching funds will be $3,045,631 and will be funded by the Airport CIP account 422.725114 Taxiway Alpha Rehab. The total project has an adjusted 2025 balance of $3,529,557. SUMMARY OF ACTION: AGENDA ITEM #8. j) Through the State Capital Improvement Program, WSDOT has awarded the City of Renton one grant to construct theTaxiway Alpha Rehabilitation project at the Renton Municipal Airport. Through the Airport Improvement Program, the FAA has awarded the City of Renton two grants to construct theTaxiway Alpha Rehabilitation project at the Renton Municipal Airport. The project calls for the rehabilitation of Taxiway Alpha due to its excessive rutting and cracking and it will be built to withstand the weight of the new Boeing aircraftutilizing the taxiway. PW/Airport anticipates that the construction will begin in Q4 of 2025 and continue until Q4 of 2027. EXHIBITS: A. Grant Agreement-WSDOT Grant GCC 1275-($279,701.52) B. Grant Offer Letter STAFF RECOMMENDATION: Authorize the Mayor to execute grant agreement GCC 1275 with WSDOT not to exceed $279,701.52 for the Taxiway A Rehabilitation Project. AGENDA ITEM #8. j) Grant Agreement Washington Airport Aid Program Public Entity and Address Airport Name Renton Municipal City of Renton 1055 S Grady Way Renton, Washington 98057 Maximum State Grant Obligatio OF WASHINGTON, acting by and through the Aviation Division, Department of Transportation, (hereinafter the “STATE”) and the above named Public Entity, (hereinafter the "PUBLIC ENTITY"). THIS AGREEMENT, made and entered into this day of , between the STATE,2025 WHEREAS, the Public Entity has submitted to the State for Subvention of the Washington Airport Aid Program for (acquisition and/or development) of the ___________________________________ Airport together with the plans and specifications for such project, which project application has been approved by the State and is hereby incorporated herein and made a part hereof; $279,701.52 Renton Municipal WHEREAS, the State has approved a project for development of the airport consisting of the following described airport development: Project Number GCC 1275 $279,701.52 -Taxiway A Rehabilitation & Associated Improvements - Construction, including eligible items as of July 1, 2025. NOW, THEREFORE, pursuant to and for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of the State Act, and in consideration of the (a) Public Entity's adoption and ratification of the representations and assurances contained in said project application, and its acceptance of this offer as hereinafter provided, and (b) the benefits to accrue to the State of Washington and the public from the accomplishment of the project and the operation and maintenance of the airport as herein provided, the State hereby agrees to pay as its allowable costs incurred in accomplishing the project. The terms and conditions of this grant agreement are as follows: The maximum obligation of the State payable under this grant shall be ________________________. The Public Entity shall: 1. Deposit in an Aviation Fund for said airport, at least $ ________________ to match the State's participation in said project. 2. Carry out and complete the project in accordance with the plans and specifications and property map, incorporated herein, as they may be revised or modified with the approval of the state. 3. In connection with the acquisition of real property for the project, the Public Entity shall secure at least two written appraisals by competent, experienced appraisers who are members of a recognized professional appraisal organization and shall not pay in excess of the highest appraisal without the written consent of the state except as otherwise directed by a court of competent jurisdiction after contested trial and judgment not resulting from an agreement between the parties. DOT Form 900-078 EF Revised 5/98 $ Detailed Breakdown By Items 279,701.52 279,701.52 Page 1 of 3 AGENDA ITEM #8. j) 4. No state funds will be paid to the Public Entity in any case until it certifies in writing that it has Aviation Funds for said airport in an amount equal to the state's participation, or the amount designated in paragraph (1) above, which deposited amount will be used solely for the purpose in question. 5. The Public Entity agrees to hold said airport open to the flying public during the useful life of the facilities developed under this project; that no exclusive operating or use agreements shall be granted to any person, company, or corporation; that failure to abide by such agreement shall automatically obligate the immediate and full return of all State of Washington money expended in behalf of the project to the State of Washington with reasonable interest. Further, the Public Entity agrees to keep the facility open during the useful life of the project or for a stated term of years, whichever is longer, as determined by the Aviation Division. 6. The Public Entity will make no charge to the State or its agencies for a limited, but reasonable, amount of state agency use or for state activity in search and rescue. And, further, RCW 47.68 is followed to best serve the public. The allowable cost of the project shall not include any cost determined by the State to be ineligible for consideration as to allowability. The State reserves the right to amend or withdraw this offer at any time prior to its acceptance by the Public Entity. This offer shall expire and the State shall not be obligated to pay any part of the costs of the project unless this agreement has been accepted by the Public Entity on such subsequent date as are prescribed in writing by the State, in the approval letter for each project. Except for those projects receiving both state and federal aid, the following inspection scheduled, and reporting system will be required: A. Inspection Schedule and Reporting system will vary for each project. Basically, the inspection schedule will be placed on a quarterly basis. On project taking less than three (3) months, the Public Entity will be required to make reports and be inspected on the following schedule: 1. Public Entity project commencement date. 2. Public Entity report project completion date and request final inspection. 3. State will make final inspection and sign-off project as completed. 4. State will arrange for audit of account in accordance with regularly scheduled audit program. B. Projects taking over three (3) months will be set up on a quarterly inspection and progress report system. The Public Entity will be required to make reports and be inspected on the following schedule: 1. Report project commencement date. 2. Public Entity will make a three (3) months progress report. This will be a letter report giving percentage of project completed, fund expenditures to date, and short narrative of the project progress, problems encountered and plans for project completion. 3. State will make quarterly project inspections and prepare the report of inspection. A copy of the report will be delivered to the Public Entity. 4. Public Entity will make report of completion of project and request final inspection. 5. State will make final inspection and sign-off as completed. 6. State will arrange for audit of account in accordance with regularly scheduled audit program. It should be made clear that a violation of any of the terms of the Grant Agreement will leave the State free to choose among one or more of the following remedies: A. The withholding of any future airport aid, and/or B. The return of grant funds awarded as an action for specific performance, and/or C. Enforcement of the commitment made by the applicant. Page 2 of 3 AGENDA ITEM #8. j) The Public Entity's acceptance of this offer and ratification and adoption of the project application incorporated herein shall be evidenced by execution of this instrument by the Public Entity, as hereafter provided, and said offer and acceptance shall comprise allocation agreement, constituting the obligation and rights of the State and the Public Entity with respect to the accomplishment of the project and the operation and maintenance of the airport. Such allocation agreement shall become effective upon the Public Entity's acceptance of this offer and shall remain in full force and effect throughout the useful life of the facilities developed under the project but in any event not to exceed twenty (20) years from the date of acceptance. Page 3 of 3DOTForm 900-078 EF Revised 5/98 Director, Aviation Division The does hereby ratify and adopt all statements,City of Renton representations, warranties, covenants, and agreements contained in the project application and incorporated materials referred to in the foregoing offer and does hereby accept said offer and by such acceptance agrees to all of the terms and conditions thereof. Executed this day of ,. Name of Public Entity: By: Title: By: 2025 City of Renton Mayor AGENDA ITEM #8. j) Aug 25, 2025 Honorable Armondo Pavone Mayor City of Renton 1055 S Grady Way Renton, Washington 98057 Re: Airport Aid Grant Offer GCC 1275 / Renton Municipal / $279,701.52 Dear Mayor Pavone: Each year Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) Aviation’s Airport Aid Program provides crucial financial assistance to many of Washington State’s public use airports to address pavement, safety, planning, maintenance, runway safety and security needs. We would like to take this opportunity to congratulate the City of Deer Park (herein called the “Sponsor”) on your Airport Aid grant award. WHEREAS, the Sponsor has submitted to WSDOT Aviation an Airport Aid Application (herein called the “Application”) dated May 14, 2025, for a grant of state funds for a project at or associated with Deer Park Municipal Airport (herein called the “Airport”) which Application, as approved by WSDOT Aviation, is hereby incorporated herein and made a part hereof; and WHEREAS, WSDOT Aviation has approved a project for the Airport (herein called the “Project”) consisting of the following:  Taxiway A Rehabilitation & Associated Improvements, including eligible items as of July 1, 2025; all as more particularly described in the Application. NOW THEREFORE, pursuant to and for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of RCW 47.68.090, Aid to municipalities, Indian tribes, persons, and in consideration of (a) the Sponsor’s adoption and ratification of the representations and assurances contained in said Application and its acceptance of this Offer as hereinafter provided, and (b) the benefits to accrue to Washington State and the public from the accomplishment of the Project and compliance with the assurances and conditions as herein provided, WSDOT Aviation, for and on behalf of the State of Washington, hereby offers and agrees to pay, as the state’s share of the allowable costs incurred in accomplishing the Project, two and a half (2.5) percent of all allowable Project costs, up to a maximum amount of $279,701.52. This Offer is made on and subject to the following terms and conditions: AGENDA ITEM #8. j) Mayor Armondo Pavone City of Renton August 25, 2025 Page 2 1) The maximum obligation of the State of Washington payable under this Offer shall be Two Hundred and Seventy-Nine Thousand Seven Hundred and One Dollars and Fifty-Two ($279,701.52). 2) The allowable costs of the project shall not include any costs determined by WSDOT Aviation to be ineligible. 3) Payment of the state’s share of the allowable project costs will be made pursuant to and in accordance with the provisions of such regulations and procedures as the Secretary shall prescribe. 4) The Sponsor shall carry out and complete the Project without undue delay and in accordance with the terms hereof, and such regulations and procedures as the Secretary shall prescribe and agrees to comply with the assurances which were made part of the Application. 5) WSDOT Aviation reserves the right to amend or withdraw this Offer at any time prior to its acceptance by the Sponsor. 6) This offer shall expire, and State of Washington shall not be obligated to pay any part of the costs of the Project unless this Offer has been accepted by the Sponsor on or before Monday, September 22, 2025, or such subsequent date as may be prescribed in writing by WSDOT Aviation. 7) The State of Washington shall not be responsible or liable for damage to property or injury which may arise from, or be incident to, compliance with the grant agreement. 8) WSDOT Aviation reserves the right to terminate the agreement at any time because of legal matters detrimental to the state or the local government, insufficient funds held by WSDOT Aviation to complete the Project, or by mutual consent between the City of Deer Park and WSDOT Aviation. WSDOT Aviation will be responsible only for the state’s proportionate share of the actual Project costs incurred at the time of any such termination. 9) This Offer is intended to supplement, and is conditioned on, the Sponsor’s receipt of Federal funds for the Taxiway A Rehabilitation & Associated Improvements and eligible items, under AIP 3-53-0055-034 and 3-53-035-2025. The withdrawal or termination of these Federal funds may result in the withholding of future airport aid under this Offer, or the return of State funds issued as a match to withdrawn or terminated Federal funds, as appropriate in WSDOT’s sole discretion. If you accept this allocation, you will be required to supply WSDOT Aviation with monthly copies of billings and costs for this Project. Failure to supply these copies may slow down and possibly jeopardize your reimbursement. WSDOT Aviation must be able to review your records on this Project at any time for future audit purposes. WSDOT Aviation expects the project to be completed by the date indicated on the submitted project schedule. Any modifications to the schedule will need to be submitted to WSDOT Aviation with an explanation and schedule revision. All modifications must AGENDA ITEM #8. j) Mayor Armondo Pavone City of Renton August 25, 2025 Page 3 be approved by WSDOT Aviation in writing prior to making any changes. The Washington State Legislature has appropriated funding for WSDOT’s Airport Aid Program for the 2025 – 2027 biennium ending on June 30, 2027. Any airport’s failure to complete a project in a timely manner potentially affects funding of the entire Washington State aviation system. The airport must remain open for the expected life of Twenty (20) years, otherwise 100% of the grant funding must be returned within Thirty (30) days of closure, sale or discontinuance of service. The Sponsor’s acceptance of this Offer and ratification and adoption of the Application incorporated herein shall be evidenced by execution of this instrument by the Sponsor, as hereafter provided, and this Offer and Acceptance shall comprise an agreement with respect to the accomplishment of the Project and compliance with the assurances and conditions as provided herein. If you accept this grant offer, subject to the conditions stated, please complete the following steps: • Have an official authorized by the Sponsor (a) sign the attached Grant Agreement (do not fill in the execution date on the first page) and (b) sign this Grant Offer Letter. • You may email electronically signed pdf documents to garth.cumberbatch@wsdot.wa.gov or return a wet signature via mail to WSDOT Aviation, PO Box 47312 Olympia, WA 98504 (Note: WSDOT Aviation will return electronically signed copies for your records). Sincerely, Garth Cumberbatch Airports Grant Coordinator Encl: Grant Agreement Cc: Governor Bob Ferguson Senator Patty Murray Senator Maria Cantwell Representative Adam Smith Acceptance of grant offer: The Sponsor does hereby ratify and adopt all assurances, statements, representations, warranties, covenants, and agreements contained in the Application and incorporated materials referred to in the foregoing Offer; and does hereby accept this Offer and by such acceptance agrees to comply with all of the terms and conditions in this Offer and in the Application. AGENDA ITEM #8. j) Mayor Armondo Pavone City of Renton August 25, 2025 Page 4 DATE SIGNATURE AGENDA ITEM #8. j) AB - 3922 City Council Regular Meeting - 08 Sep 2025 SUBJECT/TITLE: Professional Services Agreement between Parametrix, Inc. and the City of Renton for the Comprehensive Safety Action Plan RECOMMENDED ACTION: Refer to Transportation (Aviation) Committee DEPARTMENT: Public Works Transportation Systems Division STAFF CONTACT: Ellen Talbo, Transportation Planning and Programming Manager EXT.: 7319 FISCAL IMPACT SUMMARY: The agreement in the amount not to exceed $ 431,665.00 will be funded by Federal grant funds awarded in 2023 by the Safe Streets and Roads for All (SS4A) grant program and approved by Council on January 13, 2025 (GL account number: 317.123014.015.397.00.00.000). The costs associated with this plan are being covered through a sub-award, with funding provided by the Puget Sound Regional Council (PSRC). All costs and expenditures will be reimbursed by the Puget Sound Regional Council (PSRC) on a reimbursement basis. SUMMARY OF ACTION: The Transportation Planning group of the Transportation Division is seeking professional services to complete the Comprehensive Safety Action Plan. The Plan seeks to significantly improve roadway safety by using data analysis to identfity and characterize roadway safety problems and strengthen the approach through projects and strategies that address the most significant risks. The work will assist the city in defining both short-term and long-term safety goals and policies. The Safety Action Plan will be developed in accordance with the Safe Streets for All (SS4A) federal guidelines. The SS4A grant program follows the Safe Systems approach, which aims to enhance safety by fostering greater collaboration among all safety stakeholders. This approach refocuses transportation system design and operations on anticipating human errors and reducing the severity of crashes by minimizing impact forces, ultimately saving lives. Completion of the Comprehensive Safety Action Plan is part of the City’s goal to improve overall safety for all users and modes of transportation, and staff will coordinate with Public Works, Police Department, and the Renton community to make sure all input is reflected in the final plan. Staff held a competitive procurement process requesting statements of qualifications (SOQs) from qualified consultant firms. Staff scored and interviewed five firms and selected Parametrix Inc. based on qualifications and availability to perform the work. Detailed information is available in the attached Scope of Work as part of the professional service agreement. EXHIBITS: A. Professional Service Agreement STAFF RECOMMENDATION: AGENDA ITEM #8. k) Authorize the Mayor and City Clerk toexecute a Professional Services Agreement with Parametrix Inc in the amount of$431,665.00 to complete the Renton Comprehensive Safety Action Plan. AGENDA ITEM #8. k) AGREEMENT FOR COMPREHENSIVE SAFETY ACTION PLAN THIS AGREEMENT, dated for reference purposes only as September 01, 2025, is by and between the City of Renton (the “City”), a Washington municipal corporation, and Parametrix, Inc. (“Consultant”), a Washington Corporation. The City and the Consultant are referred to collectively in this Agreement as the “Parties.” Once fully executed by the Parties, this Agreement is effective as of the last date signed by both parties. 1. Scope of Work: Consultant agrees to provide Professional Services as specified in Exhibit A-Scope of Work , which is attached and incorporated herein and may hereinafter be referred to as the “Work.” 2. Changes in Scope of Work: The City, without invalidating this Agreement, may order changes to the Work consisting of additions, deletions or modifications. Any such changes to the Work shall be ordered by the City in writing and the Compensation shall be equitably adjusted consistent with the rates set forth in Exhibit B or as otherwise mutually agreed by the Parties. 3. Time of Performance: Consultant shall commence performance of the Agreement pursuant to the schedule(s) set forth in Exhibit A. All Work shall be performed by no later than December 31, 2026. 4. Compensation: A. Amount. Total compensation to Consultant for Work provided pursuant to this Agreement shall not exceed $431,665.00, plus any applicable state and local sales taxes. Compensation shall be paid based upon Work actually performed according to the rate(s) or amounts specified in Exhibit B. The Consultant agrees that any hourly or flat rate charged by it for its Work shall remain locked at the negotiated rate(s) unless otherwise agreed to in writing or provided in Exhibit B. Except as specifically provided herein, the Consultant shall be solely responsible for payment of any taxes imposed as a result of the performance and payment of this Agreement. B. Method of Payment. On a monthly or no less than quarterly basis during any quarter in which Work is performed, the Consultant shall submit a voucher or invoice in a form specified by the City, including a description of what Work has been performed, the name of the personnel performing such Work, and any hourly labor charge rate for such personnel. The Consultant shall also submit a final bill upon completion of all AGENDA ITEM #8. k) PAGE 2 OF 20 Work. Payment shall be made by the City for Work performed within thirty (30) calendar days after receipt and approval by the appropriate City representative of the voucher or invoice. If the Consultant’s performance does not meet the requirements of this Agreement, the Consultant will correct or modify its performance to comply with the Agreement. The City may withhold payment for work that does not meet the requirements of this Agreement. C. Effect of Payment. Payment for any part of the Work shall not constitute a waiver by the City of any remedies it may have against the Consultant for failure of the Consultant to perform the Work or for any breach of this Agreement by the Consultant. D. Non-Appropriation of Funds. If sufficient funds are not appropriated or allocated for payment under this Agreement for any future fiscal period, the City shall not be obligated to make payments for Work or amounts incurred after the end of the current fiscal period, and this Agreement will terminate upon the completion of all remaining Work for which funds are allocated. No penalty or expense shall accrue to the City in the event this provision applies. 5. Termination: A. The City reserves the right to terminate this Agreement at any time, with or w ithout cause by giving ten (10) calendar days’ notice to the Consultant in writing. In the event of such termination or suspension, all finished or unfinished documents, data, studies, worksheets, models and reports, or other material prepared by the Consultant pursuant to this Agreement shall be submitted to the City, if any are required as part of the Work. B. In the event this Agreement is terminated by the City, the Consultant shall be entitled to payment for all hours worked to the effective date of termination, less all payments previously made. If the Agreement is terminated by the City after partial performance of Work for which the agreed compensation is a fixed fee, the City shall pay the Consultant an equitable share of the fixed fee. This provision shall not prevent the City from seeking any legal remedies it may have for the violation or nonperformance of any of the provisions of this Agreement and such charges due to the City shall be deducted from the final payment due the Consultant. No payment shall be made by the City for any expenses incurred or work done following the effective date of termination unless authorized in advance in writing by the City. 6. Warranties And Right To Use Work Product: Consultant represents and warrants that Consultant will perform all Work identified in this Agreement in a professional and workmanlike manner and in accordance with all reasonable and professional standards and laws. Compliance with professional standards includes, as applicable, performing the AGENDA ITEM #8. k) PAGE 3 OF 20 Work in compliance with applicable City standards or guidelines (e.g. design criteria and Standard Plans for Road, Bridge and Municipal Construction). Professional engineers shall certify engineering plans, specifications, plats, and reports, as applicable, pursuant to RCW 18.43.070. Consultant further represents and warrants that all final work product created for and delivered to the City pursuant to this Agreement shall be the original work of the Consultant and free from any intellectual property encumbrance which would restrict the City from using the work product. Consultant grants to the City a non- exclusive, perpetual right and license to use, reproduce, distribute, adapt, modify, and display all final work product produced pursuant to this Agreement. The City’s or other’s adaptation, modification or use of the final work products other than for the purposes of this Agreement shall be without liability to the Consultant. The provisions of this section shall survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement. 7. Record Maintenance: The Consultant shall maintain accounts and records, which properly reflect all direct and indirect costs expended and Work provided in the performance of this Agreement and retain such records for as long as may be required by applicable Washington State records retention laws, but in any event no less than six years after the termination of this Agreement. The Consultant agrees to provide access to and copies of any records related to this Agreement as required by the City to audit expenditures and charges and/or to comply with the Washington State Public Records Act (Chapter 42.56 RCW). The provisions of this section shall survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement. 8. Public Records Compliance: To the full extent the City determines necessary to comply with the Washington State Public Records Act, Consultant shall make a due diligent search of all records in its possession or control relating to this Agreement and the Work, including, but not limited to, e-mail, correspondence, notes, saved telephone messages, recordings, photos, or drawings and provide them to the City for production. In the event Consultant believes said records need to be protected from disclosure, it may, at Consultant’s own expense, seek judicial protection. Consultant shall indemnify, defend, and hold harmless the City for all costs, including attorneys’ fees, attendant to any claim or litigation related to a Public Records Act request for which Consultant has responsive records and for which Consultant has withheld records or information contained therein, or not provided them to the City in a timely manner. Consultant shall produce for distribution any and all records responsive to the Public Records Act request in a timely manner, unless those records are protected by court order. The provisions of this section shall survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement. 9. Independent Contractor Relationship: A. The Consultant is retained by the City only for the purposes and to the extent set forth in this Agreement. The nature of the relationship between the Consultant and the City during the period of the Work shall be that of an independent contractor, not AGENDA ITEM #8. k) PAGE 4 OF 20 employee. The Consultant, not the City, shall have the power to control and direct the details, manner or means of Work. Specifically, but not by means of limitation, the Consultant shall have no obligation to work any particular hours or particular schedule, unless otherwise indicated in the Scope of Work or where scheduling of attendance or performance is mutually arranged due to the nature of the Work. Consultant shall retain the right to designate the means of performing the Work covered by this agreement, and the Consultant shall be entitled to employ other workers at such compensation and such other conditions as it may deem proper, provided, however, that any contract so made by the Consultant is to be paid by it alone, and that employing such workers, it is acting individually and not as an agent for the City. B. The City shall not be responsible for withholding or otherwise deducting federal income tax or Social Security or contributing to the State Industrial Insurance Program, or otherwise assuming the duties of an employer with respect to Consultant or any employee of the Consultant. C. If the Consultant is a sole proprietorship or if this Agreement is with an individual, the Consultant agrees to notify the City and complete any required form if the Consultant retired under a State of Washington retirement system and agrees to indemnify a ny losses the City may sustain through the Consultant’s failure to do so. 10. Hold Harmless: The Consultant agrees to release, indemnify, defend, and hold harmless the City, elected officials, employees, officers, representatives, and volunteers from any and all claims, demands, actions, suits, causes of action, arbitrations, mediations, proceedings, judgments, awards, injuries, damages, liabilities, taxes, losses, fines, fees, penalties, expenses, attorney’s or attorneys’ fees, costs, and/or litigation expenses to or by any and all persons or entities, arising from, resulting from, or related to the negligent acts, errors or omissions of the Consultant in its performance of this Agreement or a breach of this Agreement by Consultant , except for that portion of the claims caused by the City’s sole negligence. Should a court of competent jurisdiction determine that this agreement is subject to RCW 4.24.115, (Validity of agreement to indemnify against liability for negligence relative to construction, alteration, improvement, etc., of structure or improvement attached to real estate…) then, in the event of liability for damages arising out of bodily injury to persons or damages to property caused by or resulting from the concurrent negligence of the Consultant and the City, its officers, officials, employees and volunteers, Consultant’s liability shall be only to the extent of Consultant’s negligence. It is further specifically and expressly understood that the indemnification provided in this Agreement constitute Consultant’s waiver of immunity under the Industrial AGENDA ITEM #8. k) PAGE 5 OF 20 Insurance Act, RCW Title 51, solely for the purposes of this indemnification. The Parties have mutually negotiated and agreed to this waiver. The provisions of this section shall survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement. 11. Gifts and Conflicts: The City’s Code of Ethics and Washington State law prohibit City employees from soliciting, accepting, or receiving any gift, gratuity or favor from any person, firm or corporation involved in a contract or transaction. To ensure compliance with the City’s Code of Ethics and state law, the Consultant shall not give a gift of any kind to City employees or officials. Consultant also confirms that Consultant does not have a business interest or a close family relationship with any City officer or employee who was, is, or will be involved in selecting the Consultant, negotiating or administering this Agreement, or evaluating the Consultant’s performance of the Work. 12. City of Renton Business License: Unless exempted by the Renton Municipal Code, Consultant shall obtain a City of Renton Business License prior to performing any Work and maintain the business license in good standing throughout the term of this agreement with the City. Information regarding acquiring a city business license can be found at: https://www.rentonwa.gov/Tax Information regarding State business licensing requirements can be found at: https://dor.wa.gov/doing-business/register-my-business 13. Insurance: Consultant shall secure and maintain: A. Commercial general liability insurance in the minimum amounts of $1,000,000 for each occurrence/$2,000,000 aggregate for the Term of this Agreement. B. In the event that Work delivered pursuant to this Agreement either directly or indirectly involve or require Professional Services, Professional Liability, Errors and Omissions coverage shall be provided with minimum limits of $1,000,000 per occurrence claim and Contractor shall maintain the required coverage for a period of three (3) years after the expiration of this Contract.. "Professional Services", for the purpose of this section, shall mean any Work provided by a licensed professional or Work that requires a professional standard of care. C. Workers’ compensation coverage, as required by the Industrial Insurance laws of the State of Washington, shall also be secured. D. Commercial Automobile Liability for owned, leased, hired or non-owned, leased, hired or non-owned, with minimum limits of $1,000,000 per occurrence combined single AGENDA ITEM #8. k) PAGE 6 OF 20 limit, if there will be any use of Consultant’s vehicles on the City’s Premises by or on behalf of the City, beyond normal commutes. E. Consultant shall name the City as an Additional Insured on its commercial general liability policy on a non-contributory primary basis. The City’s insurance policies shall not be a source for payment of any Consultant liability, nor shall the maintenance of any insurance required by this Agreement be construed to limit the liability of Consultant to the coverage provided by such insurance or otherwise limit the City’s recourse to any remedy available at law or in equity. F. Subject to the City’s review and acceptance, a certificate of insurance showing the proper endorsements, shall be delivered to the City before performing the Work. G. Consultant shall provide the City with written notice of any policy cancellation, within two (2) business days of their receipt of such notice. 14. Delays: Consultant is not responsible for delays caused by factors beyond the Consultant’s reasonable control. When such delays beyond the Consultant’s reasonable control occur, the City agrees the Consultant is not responsible for damages, nor shall the Consultant be deemed to be in default of the Agreement. 15. Successors and Assigns: Neither the City nor the Consultant shall assign, transfer or encumber any rights, duties or interests accruing from this Agreement without the written consent of the other. 16. Notices: Any notice required under this Agreement will be in writing, addressed to the appropriate party at the address which appears below (as modified in writing from time to time by such party), and given personally, by registered or certified mail, return recei pt requested, by facsimile or by nationally recognized overnight courier service. Time period for notices shall be deemed to have commenced upon the date of receipt, EXCEPT facsimile delivery will be deemed to have commenced on the first business day following transmission. Email and telephone may be used for purposes of administering the Agreement, but should not be used to give any formal notice required by the Agreement. CITY OF RENTON Ellen Talbo 1055 South Grady Way Renton, WA 98057 Phone: (425) 430-7319 ETalbo@Rentonwa.gov CONSULTANT Kate Bradbury 719 2nd Ave, Suite 200 Seattle, WA 98104 Phone: (206) 395-7363 kbradbury@parametrix.com Fax: (206) 649-4354 AGENDA ITEM #8. k) PAGE 7 OF 20 17. Discrimination Prohibited: Except to the extent permitted by a bona fide occupational qualification, the Consultant agrees as follows: A. Consultant, and Consultant’s agents, employees, representatives, and volunteers with regard to the Work performed or to be performed under this Agreement, shall not discriminate on the basis of race, color, sex, religion, nationality, creed, marital status, sexual orientation or preference, age (except minimum age and retirement provisions), honorably discharged veteran or military status, or the presence of any sensory, mental or physical handicap, unless based upon a bona fide occupational qualification in relationship to hiring and employment, in employment or application for employment, the administration of the delivery of Work or any other benefits under this Agreement, or procurement of materials or supplies. B. The Consultant will take affirmative action to insure that applicants are employed and that employees are treated during employment without regard to their race, creed, color, national origin, sex, age, sexual orientation, physical, sensory or mental handicaps, or marital status. Such action shall include, but not be limited to the following employment, upgrading, demotion or transfer, recruitment or recruitment advertising, layoff or termination, rates of pay or other forms of compensation and selection for training. C. If the Consultant fails to comply with any of this Agreement’s non -discrimination provisions, the City shall have the right, at its option, to cancel the Agreement in whole or in part. D. The Consultant is responsible to be aware of and in compliance with all federal, state and local laws and regulations that may affect the satisfactory completion of the project, which includes but is not limited to fair labor laws, worker's compensation, and Title VI of the Federal Civil Rights Act of 1964, and will comply with City of Renton Council Resolution Number 4085. 18. Miscellaneous: The parties hereby acknowledge: A. The City is not responsible to train or provide training for Consultant. B. Consultant will not be reimbursed for job related expenses except to the extent specifically agreed within the attached exhibits. C. Consultant shall furnish all tools and/or materials necessary to perform the Work except to the extent specifically agreed within the attached exhibits. D. In the event special training, licensing, or certification is required for Consultant to provide Work he/she will acquire or maintain such at his/her own expense and, if AGENDA ITEM #8. k) PAGE 8 OF 20 Consultant employs, sub-contracts, or otherwise assigns the responsibility to perform the Work, said employee/sub-contractor/assignee will acquire and or maintain such training, licensing, or certification. E. This is a non-exclusive agreement and Consultant is free to provide his/her Work to other entities, so long as there is no interruption or interference with the provision of Work called for in this Agreement. F. Consultant is responsible for his/her own insurance, including, but not limited to health insurance. G. Consultant is responsible for his/her own Worker’s Compensation coverage as well as that for any persons employed by the Consultant. H. See EXHIBIT C Consultants SAM Registration and Self-Certification Regarding Federal Debarment and Suspension Status. 19. Other Provisions: A. Approval Authority. Each individual executing this Agreement on behalf of the City and Consultant represents and warrants that such individuals are duly authorized to execute and deliver this Agreement on behalf of the City or Consultant. B. General Administration and Management. The City’s project manager is Ellen Talbo. In providing Work, Consultant shall coordinate with the City’s contract manager or his/her designee. C. Amendment and Modification. This Agreement may be amended only by an instrument in writing, duly executed by both Parties. D. Conflicts. In the event of any inconsistencies between Consultant proposals and this Agreement, the terms of this Agreement shall prevail. Any exhibits/attachments to this Agreement are incorporated by reference only to the extent of the purpose for which they are referenced within this Agreement. To the extent a Consultant prepared exhibit conflicts with the terms in the body of this Agreement or contains terms that are extraneous to the purpose for which it is referenced, the terms in the body of this Agreement shall prevail and the extraneous terms shall not be incorporated herein. E. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be made in and shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of Washington and the City of Renton. Consultant and all of the Consultant’s employees shall perform the Work in accordance with all applicable federal, state, county and city laws, codes and ordinances. AGENDA ITEM #8. k) PAGE 9 OF 20 F. Joint Drafting Effort. This Agreement shall be considered for all purposes as prepared by the joint efforts of the Parties and shall not be construed against one party or the other as a result of the preparation, substitution, submission or other event of negotiation, drafting or execution. G. Jurisdiction and Venue. Any lawsuit or legal action brought by any party to enforce or interpret this Agreement or any of its terms or covenants shall be brought in the King County Superior Court for the State of Washington at the Maleng Regional Justice Center in Kent, King County, Washington, or its replacement or successor. Consultant hereby expressly consents to the personal and exclusive jurisdiction and venue of such court even if Consultant is a foreign corporation not registered with the State of Washington. H. Severability. A court of competent jurisdiction’s determination that any provision or part of this Agreement is illegal or unenforceable shall not cancel or invalidate the remainder of this Agreement, which shall remain in full force and effect. I. Sole and Entire Agreement. This Agreement contains the entire agreement of the Parties and any representations or understandings, whether oral or written, not incorporated are excluded. J. Time is of the Essence. Time is of the essence of this Agreement and each and all of its provisions in which performance is a factor. Adherence to completion dates set forth in the description of the Work is essential to the Consultant’s performance of this Agreement. K. Third-Party Beneficiaries. Nothing in this Agreement is intended to, nor shall be construed to give any rights or benefits in the Agreement to anyone other than the Parties, and all duties and responsibilities undertaken pursuant to this Agreement will be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the Parties and no one else. L. Binding Effect. The Parties each bind themselves, their partners, successors, assigns, and legal representatives to the other party to this Agreement, and to the partners, successors, assigns, and legal representatives of such other party with respect to all covenants of the Agreement. M. Waivers. All waivers shall be in writing and signed by the waiving party. Either party’s failure to enforce any provision of this Agreement shall not be a waiver and shall not prevent either the City or Consultant from enforcing that provision or any other provision of this Agreement in the future. Waiver of breach of any provision of this AGENDA ITEM #8. k) PAGE 10 OF 20 Agreement shall not be deemed to be a waiver of any prior or subsequent breach unless it is expressly waived in writing. N. Counterparts. The Parties may execute this Agreement in any number of counterparts, each of which shall constitute an original, and all of which will together constitute this one Agreement. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have voluntarily entered into this Agreement as of the date last signed by the Parties below. CITY OF RENTON By:_____________________________ CONSULTANT By:____________________________ Armondo Pavone Mayor, City of Renton Austin Fisher Vice President _____________________________ Date _____________________________ Date Attest _____________________________ Jason A. Seth City Clerk Approved as to Legal Form By: __________________________ Shane Moloney City Attorney Clb 8/20/25 NS 3339 AGENDA ITEM #8. k) PAGE 11 OF 20 EXHIBIT A City of Renton Comprehensive Safety Action Plan SCOPE OF WORK Task 1 – Project Management Subtask 1.01 – Project Administration CONSULTANT will administer and track the contracted effort, including preparing monthly invoices. CONSULTANT’s project manager will coordinate with City’s project manager through routine phone and email contact regarding scope, schedule, budget, and work progress. Subtask 1.02 – Project Coordination Meetings CONSULTANT will facilitate a virtual kickoff meeting between the CONSULTANT team and the relevant City staff at the beginning of the project. CONSULTANT will schedule virtual weekly meetings with the City to discuss current and upcoming tasks, deliverables, questions, and any other updates needed to keep the project moving. CONSULTANT and City project managers will check in monthly (virtually) to discuss project status and schedule, review key decisions, and resolve any identified issues. May be part of coordination meetings, as applicable. Deliverables  Monthly invoices and progress reports that identify project status and upcoming tasks and deliverables. Assumptions  Project management activities will be assumed through the duration of the project, December 2026.  Up to eight (8) consultants will attend the kickoff meeting.  Up to five (5) consultants will attend each virtual coordination meeting.  Monthly virtual project management check ins with the City to discuss project status and schedule, review key decisions, and resolve any identified issues. Task 2 – Data Collection and Analysis Subtask 2.01 – Review Existing Local Road Safety Plan CONSULTANT will review the City’s existing Local Road Safety Plan (LRSP) and identify relevant components that align with the Safe Streets for All (SS4A) requirements that can be carried forward into the Safety Action Plan (SAP). Previous methodologies will also be reviewed to identify potential opportunities for changes or additions; proposed updates will be reviewed with the City. The City will AGENDA ITEM #8. k) PAGE 12 OF 20 provide the 2022 Local Road Safety Plan and any other applicable data or documentation, as available. Subtask 2.02 – Analysis Methodology Memorandum CONSULTANT will prepare an analysis methodology memorandum that defines the proposed methodology for conducting an evidence-based, data-driven, system-wide analysis of fatal and serious injury crashes on Renton’s network. The memo will be written for an internal, City audience. Subtask 2.03 – Data Collection CONSULTANT will inventory existing data available to support the safety analysis. Data is expected to include updated crash data records obtained from WSDOT for a minimum of the most recent 5 years of data as well as any additional data that may support contextual analysis, such as roadway functional classification, roadway volumes, and land use data. CONSULTANT will obtain the crash data from WSDOT for the agreed upon time period. CONSULTANT will provide a summary of data available from public sources and identify potential data gaps and strategies for addressing gaps, as needed. City will provide available data, as applicable. This task does not include any data manual data collection. Subtask 2.04 – Crash Trend Analysis CONSULTANT will map and summarize crash data within the City to identify trends and locations with higher frequencies and severities of crashes. This task will update the data and summaries completed as part of the 2022 LRSP to reflect the most recent data. Additional summaries may be provided. The analysis will not include interstate facilities; however, other state facilities will be considered. This analysis will focus on fatal and serious injury crashes, but all crashes will be included in the analysis. All road users will be considered. Active transportation user - involved crashes will be highlighted. Findings will be summarized in map and tabular form and included in the Task 2 Safety Analysis memorandum. Findings will also be incorporated into the SAP documentation (Task 7). Subtask 2.05 – Emphasis Areas Analysis To maintain consistency with the Washington State Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP), also known as the State Target Zero Plan, the crash data obtained in Task 2.2 will be summarized for each of the emphasis areas identified in the SHSP. CONSULTANT will compare city data to county and state distributions to identify emphasis areas that are overrepresented in the city. This analysis will consider total crashes and fatal and serious injury crashes. Findings will be summarized in tabular form and included in the Task 2 Safety Analysis memorandum. Findings will also be incorporated into the SAP documentation (Task 7). AGENDA ITEM #8. k) PAGE 13 OF 20 Subtask 2.06 – High-Injury Network Building on the results of Tasks 2.1, 2.3, and 2.4, CONSULTANT will update/develop the High-Injury Network (HIN). The HIN will represent the roadways with the highest frequency and/or rates of fatal and serious injury crashes. CONSULTANT will review and update the HIN definition criteria from the 2022 LRSP as needed. The criteria will consider and align with potential funding sources requirements, to the extent possible, to maximize flexibility and applicability across multiple funding programs. Draft methodology and criteria will be shared with the City for review prior to developing and/or finalizing the HIN. The HIN will be depicted in a map and included in the Task 2 Safety Analysis memorandum. Findings will also be incorporated into the SAP documentation (Task 7). Subtask 2.07 – High-Risk Network CONSULTANT will develop a High-Risk Network (HRN) using available data. The HRN will represent roadways with the highest potential for higher severity crashes based on roadway characteristics and volume. CONSULTANT will review available data and develop scoring criteria for the HRN. Available data sets and draft scoring will be shared and coordinated with the City prior to developing and/or finalizing the HRN. The H RN will be depicted in a map and included in the Task 2 Safety Analysis memorandum. The HRN will be depicted in a map and included in the SAP documentation (Task 7). Subtask 2.08 – Equity Review CONSULTANT will review the available equity data available at the Federal, State, MPO, and City level and recommend an appropriate source(s) to support the analysis. This can include any existing demographic assessment or strategy already used by the City or PSRC data. The analysis will include a review of City demographics and an assessment of where underserved populations live within the City. Additionally, the CONSULTANT will use Replica Studios data to conduct a travel pattern analysis to understand how underserved populations use the transportation network. The findings of the equity review will be documented in the Task 2 Safety Analysis memorandum as well as incorporated into Task 5 Public Engagement and Outreach and Task 6 Implementation Plan. Subtask 2.09 – Safety Analysis and Equity Findings Memo CONSULTANT will document the findings of all components of the safety and equity analyses in this task in a memorandum. One draft and one final, with one review, will be provided. Deliverables  One draft and one final analysis methodology memorandum summarizing the approach and assumptions to be used for the various safety analysis and equity components of this task.  One draft and one final memorandum summarizing the safety analysis and equity analysis findings AGENDA ITEM #8. k) PAGE 14 OF 20 Assumptions  City will provide 2022 Local Road Safety Plan and any other applicable data or documentation, as available.  CONSULTANT will obtain the crash data from WSDOT for the agreed upon time period (minimum 5 years).  Interstate facilities will not be included in the analysis. Other state facilities will be considered.  No manual data collection will be conducted for any characteristics to be included in the HRN development.  City will provide available, applicable City datasets that may be used for the HRN. GIS format preferred.  Comments on the memorandums will be provided and responded to in Word. Task 3 – Policy Review CONSULTANT will review local and regional policies and plans related to the design, construction, maintenance, and operations of streets, bicycle and pedestrian facilities, and new development. CONSULTANT will evaluate these policies based on their alignment with best practices and the Safe System Approach. City staff will confirm documents and policies for review prior to the start of this task. Documents expected for review include:  Comprehensive Plan  Transportation Improvement Program  Complete Streets Policy  Trails and Bicycle Master Plan  Renton Municipal Code  ADA Transition Plan  Renton Clean Economy Strategy 2.0  Renton Regional Fire Authority (RFA) Strategic Plan 2025-2029 and/or RFA’s annual reports The review will be documented in a brief memorandum that includes a summary table of review findings and opportunities. The result of this review will include identification of opportunities for improving policies, programs, and processes and inform recommendations developed in Task 06.03 and inform potential discussion topics with the Task Force and other project partners. Additionally, this task will include up to two (2) small group interviews with City staff, Police Department staff, and others as applicable, to review internal processes, communication, and other internal functions. The findings will be taken into account during the development of the recommended strategies in Task 6.03. City staff will be responsible for arranging and scheduling the interviews. AGENDA ITEM #8. k) PAGE 15 OF 20 Deliverables  Draft and final memorandum summarizing the findings of the assessment of documents. Assumptions  City will provide all applicable documents for review by the CONSULTANT.  Any additional documents not listed above to be reviewed will be agreed upon by the City and CONSULTANT.  Comments on the memorandums will be provided and responded to in Word. Task 4 – Task Force Coordination Subtask 4.01 – Task Force Meetings CONSULTANT will facilitate a multidisciplinary task force in association with City staff. Expected participants may include but are not limited to individuals from: City departments, police and fire, nonprofit groups, and community -based organizations or advocacy groups. City staff will develop the task force roster; CONSULTANT will review and provide recommendations. CONSULTANT and City staff will meet with the task force virtually up to four (4) times throughout the project to cover and get feedback regarding:  Kickoff and introduce the project, SS4A, and the Safe System approach  Review data and preliminary analysis  Identified projects and prioritization  Overall action plan document CONSULTANT will be responsible for scheduling all meetings, including the development of agendas, notes, and presentation materials. Optional Sub task 4.02 – Community Road Safety Audit Upon request from the City, CONSULTANT will conduct up to one (1) community road safety audit (CRSA), including City staff, task force members, and community members. Location will be identified based on the results of Tasks 2, 5, and 6 and agreed upon with the City. The walking audit will include documentation of field observations, community concerns, and any relevant photos or maps. Findings from the CRSA will be documented in the engagement summary under Task 5. Deliverables  Up to four (4) virtual task force meetings will be conducted, including up to three (3) virtual consultant team members.  Agendas, notes, and presentation materials for up to four task force meetings.  Summarized notes, field observations, and photos from the CRSA, provided digitally.  Results of the CRSA will also be summarized in the Task 5.03 Engagement Summary memorandum. AGENDA ITEM #8. k) PAGE 16 OF 20 Assumptions  CRSA will only be completed upon request from the City.  CRSA will include up to three (3) consultants. Task 5 – Public Engagement and Outreach Subtask 5.01 – Public Engagement Plan & Management CONSULTANT shall develop a comprehensive engagement plan to inform and involve the community in understanding the project purpose, goals, timeline and opportunities for engagement. The plan will include the following:  Area demographics and location of historically disadvantaged groups, as well as analysis of languages spoken in the project area  Engagement goals and key measurements of success  Outreach and engagement timeline  Communication and outreach approach for the duration of the project  Key messages  Key audiences / interested and potentially impacted parties  A comprehensive suite of communications and engagement activities — ranging from social media campaigns to direct mail to in person events — to communicate project information to residents, business owners and other stakeholders, and strong calls-to-action for people to get involved  Project team roles and responsibilities to execute the engagement plan. Deliverables  Draft and final Engagement Plan. Assumptions  Assumes one round of review by the City. The CONSULTANT will deliver the draft Engagement Plan; the City will review and combine all internal feedback needed from all decision-makers and the CONSULTANT will incorporate the feedback and provide an updated version for final approval.  CONSULTANT and City will work together during development of the Engagement Plan to determine which materials, events, etc., or what threads hold will require translation/interpretation and in what languages based on demographic data.  City will provide translations for all languages, as needed, and interpretation services, as needed, for languages other than Spanish.  City will provide any available information regarding minority and low-income communities, and any known interested parties from these communities that should be engaged in the outreach process.  Comments on the engagement plan will be provided and responded to in Word. AGENDA ITEM #8. k) PAGE 17 OF 20 Subtask 5.02 – Communications Material CONSULTANT team will collaborate with the City team to develop, design and distribute communications material to support the project, including a mix of the following as outlined in the Engagement Plan:  Project webpage (resource hub) hosted the City’s website, including project background, timeline, flyer or fact sheet, and opportunities for engagement (online & in-person)  Community survey with key project questions  Call-to-action amplification via City-owned channels (website, social + newsletters) and/or direct mailer to project area residents/businesses/CBOs/schools Deliverables  Draft and final project fact sheet  Draft and final community survey  Up to two project website updates  Up to 2 rounds of social media content and supporting graphics  Up to 2 project newsletters  Up to 1 project mailer Assumptions  Up to one round of City review for all communications material.  All communications materials to be approved by City team prior to distribution.  The City’s website will host the project webpage. CONSULTANT to provide content and supporting visuals to City team for posting.  CONSULTANT will provide final print-ready digital file(s) of the communications materials to the City.  The City will handle all translation/interpretation, printing, postage and distribution costs associated with communication material.  The City will serve as the project’s CIO and respond to all media requests. Subtask 5.03 – Engagement Activities CONSULTANT will work with the City to plan, prepare, and staff a mix of virtual and in- person engagement events/activities to help inform and shape the Safety Action Plan. Engagement activities on this project may include a mix of the following broad and targeted activities:  Up to four small group briefings/presentations. Targets will include Neighborhood Associations, students/youth or CBOs/businesses organizations  Up to two pop-up or stand-alone open house events OR up to three small group neighborhood walks with community groups (on-site small group sessions) OR up to four tabling sessions at community events AGENDA ITEM #8. k) PAGE 18 OF 20  Up to four 1:1 interviews or listening sessions to be conducted in-person or virtually. Deliverables  Support, facilitate/staff a mix of virtual and in-person engagement activities.  Up to 6 display boards, posters or visuals for in-person engagement activities (content and design).  Draft and final Engagement Summary memo at end of engagement phase or as determined by the Engagement Plan. Assumptions  Up to one round of review for the Engagement Summary memo(s).  One consultant and one City team member will attend up to 8 in-person engagement events/activities, each event/activity not to exceed 4 hours of active engagement each.  CONSULTANT will provide Spanish interpretation support for virtual or in-person events/activities as needed.  CONSULTANT and/or City may expense for engagement incentives and aides (such as materials, supplies, and/or food & beverages) to be used for business or community engagement.  The City will handle all translation (if needed) and printing costs of the display boards.  The City will handle any advertising costs associated with the promotion of engagement activities.  The City and CONSULTANT will coordinate and cover food/giveaway/participant compensation/venue costs for in-person events/activities as needed.  Comments on the memorandum will be provided and responded to in Word. Task 6 – Implementation Plan Subtask 6.01 – Countermeasure Identification Based on the results of Task 2, CONSULTANT will identify countermeasures that are likely to address identified crash trends and contributing factors. Countermeasure selection will use resources such as FHWA Proven Safety Countermeasures, the CMF Clearinghouse, and NHTSA Countermeasures That Work to identify the most effective treatments. Selected countermeasures will inform project development (Task 6.0 2) and may include location-specific improvements or system-wide improvements. Countermeasures will be summarized in the Strategy and Project Selection Memorandum. Subtask 6.02 – Project Development Building on the identified countermeasures in Task 6.01, CONSULTANT will identify the top locations based on the results of Task 2 and provide specific project recommendations for up to 20 locations. CONSULTANT will provide input on early AGENDA ITEM #8. k) PAGE 19 OF 20 design feasibility and planning-level cost estimates. Projects will be summarized the Strategy and Project Selection Memorandum. Subtask 6.03 – Policy and Procedure Recommendations In addition to infrastructure recommendations, CONSULTANT will also identify strategies to advance the City’s goal of reaching zero roadway fatalities and respond to emphasis areas identified through the safety analysis. CONSULTANT will summarize programmatic approaches, policy recommendation, and procedure updates to better integrate safety into the City’s regular practice. Recommendations will be informed by the findings of Task 3, the results of the safety analysis, and information gathered through the task force and public engagement activities. Identified strategies will be summarized in a tabular format organized by the Safe System guiding principles and include information about project partners, responsibility, and priority, and included as part of the Strategy and Project Selection Memorandum . CONSULTANT will make recommendations to streamline and enhance regional procedures related to incentivizing and prioritizing complete and safer streets. Subtask 6.04 – Prioritization Projects and strategies will undergo a prioritization process. CONSULTANT will apply custom scoring criteria to elevate projects with higher cost/benefit ratios, equity impact, high-injury network proximity, high-risk network proximity, and City support. CONSULTANT will identify opportunities to group projects into packages that build toward a holistic, safe-systems approach, as well as opportunities to align with planned or programmed projects. Subtask 6.05 – Progress and Tracking In alignment with identified countermeasures and recommended strategies, CONSULTANT will identify performance measures that align with City priorities, state and federal guidance, and City goals. Performance measures are expected to rely on readily available data and allow for meaningful tracking of progress over time. CONSULTANT will also identify a recommended monitoring strategy, including the method and frequency for providing regular updates to the public. Subtask 6.06 – Countermeasure Toolkit To further institutionalize recommendations, the CONSULTANT will develop a safety countermeasures toolkit. CONSULTANT will identify the most impactful countermeasures, connect them to prevailing crash types within the City, and detail design and implement considerations. The toolkit will be created in such a way that it can be used to inform local design standards or guidelines changes as well as to provide a reference for identifying potential safety improvements for future projects. Deliverables  Draft and final Strategy and Project Selection Memorandum Draft and final Countermeasure toolkit document AGENDA ITEM #8. k) PAGE 20 OF 20 Assumptions  Up to twenty (20) project locations/projects will be identified for prioritization.  Comments on the memorandum and toolkit will be provided and responded to in Word. Task 7 – Safety Action Plan Document Development Subtask 7.01 – Draft Safety Action Plan The CONSULTANT will develop a comprehensive Safety Action Plan meeting SS4A requirements for self-certification for the City of Renton. CONSULTANT will summarize the findings of the data analysis and policy reviews, as well as all engagement and outreach efforts. The document will clearly identify the projects and programs, both short- and long-term, that can be implemented to align with the Safe Systems approach and reduce fatal and serious injuries. Subtask 7.02 – Final Safety Action Plan CONSULTANT will revise the draft Safety Action Plan based on City and task force comments. In addition to the final document, CONSULTANT will develop materials for presentations/report-outs to the City Council, with the ultimate goal of plan adoption. Deliverables  One (1) draft Safety Action Plan summarizing the findings of all previous tasks.  One (1) final Safety Action Plan.  Recommended and prioritized projects, strategies, and action items.  Materials for City Council presentations Assumptions  One (1) round of addressing City and task force comments for the draft Safety Action Plan.  Comments on the Plan will be provided and responded to in Word. AGENDA ITEM #8. k) Ka t e B r a d b u r y Er i n D a v i d Ci n d y C l a r k Mi t c h H a d f i e l d Ma r y a m M o u s a v i Ma t t F l o d i n Te r r y S h i n Ji l l i a m E m e r y Ma r c K e n d a l l Ji n g e r H e n d r i c k s Ja k e Ku e c h e n m e i s t e r Ka n d a c e Ri c h a r d s o n Me l i s s a H o m De b b i e Fe t h e r s t o n Jo r d a n n a L e b o w Je a n J o h n s o n 3.0443 Sr E n g i n e e r Sr P l a n n e r Re g i o n a l D i v i s i o n Ma n a g e r En g i n e e r I I I En g i n e e r I I I Pl a n n e r I I Sr E n g i n e e r Pl a n n e r I I I Sr E n g i n e e r Pl a n n e r I V Sr C o n s u l t a n t Sr P r o j e c t Co o r d i n a t o r Pl a n n e r I I I Pu b l i c a t i o n s Su p e r v i s o r Pr o j e c t Ac c o u n t a n t Sr C o n t r a c t Ad m i n i s t r a t o r $219.46 $193.01 $362.18 $153.68 $160.98 $113.95 $257.61 $139.19 $256.00 $153.10 $253.77 $120.25 $135.23 $167.44 $95.44 $189.93 Task SubTas Description Labor Dollars Labor Hours 1 Project Management and Coordination 38,000.44$ 202 54 35 0 33 0 0 33 1 1 0 1 24 0 0 16 4 01 Project Administration 8,684.17$ 60 16 24 16 4 02 Project Coordination Meetings 29,316.27$ 142 38 35 33 33 1 1 1 2 Data Collection and Analysis 72,004.27$ 440524022211800002800880 0 01 Review Existing Local Road Safety Plan 1,571.22$ 8 4 2 2 02 Methodology Memo 3,137.21$ 18 4 2 8 4 03 Data Collection 5,561.21$ 34 4 20 10 04 Crash Trend Analysis 11,122.41$ 68 8 40 20 05 Emphasis Areas Analysis 2,926.97$ 18 2 12 4 06 High Injury Network 12,173.73$ 74 10 40 20 4 07 High Risk Network 12,173.73$ 74 10 40 20 4 08 Equity Review 5,645.59$ 36 4 20 48 09 Safety/Equity Analysis Memo 17,692.19$ 110 6 40 40 16 8 3 Policy Review 16,439.46$ 96 820 0 0 04020 8 0 000000 0 01 Policy Review 16,439.46$ 96 8 20 40 20 8 4 Task Force Coordination 25,061.16$ 1522416 016 0401640 0 000000 0 01 Task ForceMeetings 17,877.35$ 112 16 8 16 24 8 40 02 Community Road Safety Audit 7,183.82$ 40 8 8 16 8 5 Public Engagement and Outreach 18,273.35$ 1042424 040 0 0 016 0 000000 0 01 Public Engagement & Management 3,856.52$ 20 8 8 4 02 Communications Material 6,930.04$ 40 8 8 20 4 03 Engagement Activities 7,486.79$ 44 8 8 20 8 6 Implementation Plan 74,858.97$ 4046056 08048403224401680000 0 01 Countermeasure Identification 7,943.07$ 48 4 4 20 20 02 Project Development 21,588.47$ 104 16 8 20 20 40 03 Policy and Procedure Recommendations 9,201.21$ 44 4 16 16 8 04 Prioritization 8,315.08$ 40 16 8 8 8 05 Progress and Tracking 15,407.08$ 80 16 16 16 16 16 06 Countermeasure Toolkit 12,404.06$ 88 4 4 16 8 40 16 7 Safety Action Plan Document Development 57,027.05$ 302 32 32 4 36 10 0 60 28 0 60 0 0 0 40 0 0 01 Draft Safety Action Plan 34,567.97$ 184 16 16 2 20 10 40 20 40 20 02 Final Safety Action Plan 22,459.08$ 118 16 16 2 16 20 8 20 20 Labor Totals:301,664.71$ 1,700 254 187 4 427 176 120 161 117 41 104 9 24 8 48 16 4 Totals: 301,664.71$ 1,700 $55,743.75 $36,092.61 $1,448.72 $65,619.76 $28,332.93 $13,673.78 $41,475.00 $16,284.69 $10,495.80 $15,922.18 $2,283.96 $2,886.00 $1,081.82 $8,036.95 $1,527.02 $759.74 Subconsultants Fee Point North 128,354.90$ Subconsultants Total: 128,354.90$ Other Direct Expenses 150 Mileage (.70/mile) 105.00$ 5 Lodging ($188/ day) 940.00$ 3 Train ($200/ roundtrip) 600.00$ Other Direct Expenses Total: 1,645.00$ Project Total $431,664.61 Billing Rates: City of Renton - Parametrix Parametrix 8/5/2025 Page 1 of 2 Exhibit B AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . k ) PI C Di r e c t o r Co m m u n i c a t i o n s Ma n a g e r Mu l t i m e d i a De s i g n e r Ac c o u n t i n g Ma n a g e r Co m m u n i t y En g a g e m e n t Co o r d i n a t o r $335.00 $225.00 $175.00 $120.00 $135.00 $130.00 Task SubTas Description Labor Dollars Labor Hours 1 Project Management and Coordination 24,675.00$ 119 6 65 39 0 9 0 01 Project Administration 7,725.00$ 37 6 13 9 0 9 0 02 Project Coordination Meetings 16,950.00$ 82 0 52 30 0 0 0 4 Task Force Coordination 4,500.00$ 20 0 20 0 0 0 0 01 Task ForceMeetings 4,500.00$ 20 0 20 0 0 0 0 02 Community Road Safety Audit -$ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Public Engagement and Outreach 91,525.00$ 528 0 163 190 115 0 60 01 Engagement Plan & Management 16,850.00$ 93 0 28 50 15 0 0 02 Communications Material 27,825.00$ 165 0 45 60 60 0 0 03 Engagement Activities 46,850.00$ 270 0 90 80 40 0 60 Labor Totals:120,700.00$ 667 6 248 229 115 9 60 Totals: 120,700.00$ 667 $2,010.00 $55,800.00 $40,075.00 $13,800.00 $1,215.00 $7,800.00 Other Direct Expenses Events/activities supplies 4,000.00$ Mileage ($0.7 rate) 2,902.90$ Lodging ($188 per day rate for King County) 752.00$ Other Direct Expenses Total: 7,654.90$ Project Total $128,354.90 City of Renton - Point North Billing Rates: Parametrix 8/5/2025 Page 2 of 2 Exhibit D AG E N D A I T E M # 8 . k ) Parametrix Parametrix 05/23/2025 Exhibit C to Agreement - Attachment B to RFP AGENDA ITEM #8. k) An oicial website of the United States government Here’s how you know CAGE Maintenance - Impacts to SAM Show Details Jan 16, 2025 Entity Validation Show Details Jan 22, 2025 See All Alerts Home Search Data Bank Data Services Help Entity Workspace Get Started Show Workspace For Non-Federal Entities BioPreferred Reporting Service Contract Reporting Filter By Keyword Entity Status Non-Federal Entities Work in Progress Registration Submitted Registration Active Registration✔ Inactive Registration ID Assigned Pending ID Assignment 1/28/25, 9:44 AM SAM.gov | Entity Workspace https://sam.gov/workspace/em/entities/non-federal?statusCode=4 1/5 AGENDA ITEM #8. k) Expiration Date FSD Number Address Update Reset page 1 of 1 results per page 25 Sort by Expiration Date Ascending PARAMETRIX INC Active Registration View Update More Unique Entity ID: ZLNPHTNKVJ11 CAGE/NCAGE: 0TFU8 Doing Business As: (blank) Physical Address: 1019 39TH AVE SE, STE 100 PUYALLUP, WA 98374- 2115 USA Expiration Date Oct 21, 2025 Purpose of Registration: All Awards PARAMETRIX INC Active Registration View Update More Unique Entity ID: DQU1GG1JG577 CAGE/NCAGE: 4MW68 Doing Business As: (blank) Physical Address: 700 NE MULTNOMAH ST, STE 1000 PORTLAND, OR 97232- 4110 USA Expiration Date Oct 21, 2025 Purpose of Registration: All Awards 1/28/25, 9:44 AM SAM.gov | Entity Workspace https://sam.gov/workspace/em/entities/non-federal?statusCode=4 2/5 AGENDA ITEM #8. k) PARAMETRIX INC Active Registration View Update More Unique Entity ID: DKFTZ7AET1X3 CAGE/NCAGE: 4MW48 Doing Business As: (blank) Physical Address: 9600 SAN MATEO BLVD NE ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87113-2205 USA Expiration Date Oct 21, 2025 Purpose of Registration: All Awards PARAMETRIX INC Active Registration View Update More Unique Entity ID: QME4KSAHGYY1 CAGE/NCAGE: 0KWD4 Doing Business As: (blank) Physical Address: 719 2ND AVE STE 200 SEATTLE, WA 98104- 2156 USA Expiration Date Oct 21, 2025 Purpose of Registration: All Awards PARAMETRIX INC Active Registration View Update More Unique Entity ID: GKGGWL4CVBQ3 CAGE/NCAGE: 0JLV2 Doing Business As: (blank) Physical Address: 60 WASHINGTON AVE, STE 390 BREMERTON, WA 98337-5652 USA Expiration Date Oct 21, 2025 Purpose of Registration: All Awards 1/28/25, 9:44 AM SAM.gov | Entity Workspace https://sam.gov/workspace/em/entities/non-federal?statusCode=4 3/5 AGENDA ITEM #8. k) PARAMETRIX INC Active Registration View Update More Unique Entity ID: CPU8MV78HU35 CAGE/NCAGE: 4MVE3 Doing Business As: (blank) Physical Address: 7761 W RIVERSIDE DR, STE 201 BOISE, ID 83714-5044 USA Expiration Date Oct 21, 2025 Purpose of Registration: All Awards Our Website About This Site Our Community Release Notes System Alerts Our Partners Acquisition.gov USASpending.gov Grants.gov More Partners Policies Terms of Use Privacy Policy Restricted Data Use Freedom of Information Act Accessibility Customer Service Help Check Entity Status Federal Service Desk External Resources Contact 1/28/25, 9:44 AM SAM.gov | Entity Workspace https://sam.gov/workspace/em/entities/non-federal?statusCode=4 4/5 AGENDA ITEM #8. k) WARNING SAM.gov An oicial website of the U.S. General Services Administration This is a U.S. General Services Administration Federal Government computer system that is "FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY." This system is subject to monitoring. Individuals found performing unauthorized activities are subject to disciplinary action including criminal prosecution. This system contains Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI). All individuals viewing, reproducing or disposing of this information are required to protect it in accordance with 32 CFR Part 2002 and GSA Order CIO 2103.2 CUI Policy. 1/28/25, 9:44 AM SAM.gov | Entity Workspace https://sam.gov/workspace/em/entities/non-federal?statusCode=4 5/5 AGENDA ITEM #8. k) AB - 3923 City Council Regular Meeting - 08 Sep 2025 SUBJECT/TITLE: 2026 King County Wastewater Treatment Charge Adoption RECOMMENDED ACTION: Refer to Utilities Committee DEPARTMENT: Public Works Utility Systems Division STAFF CONTACT: Ron Straka, Utility Systems Director EXT.: 7239 FISCAL IMPACT SUMMARY: The city collects the King County wastewater treatment charge from city wastewater utility customers and pays King County as a pass through from the King County Metro Fund 416. The city’s wastewater rate model projects the increased revenue and expenditure from the city’s 2026 adopted rate for the King County wastewater treatment charge of 7% to the King County’s recently adopted 2026 rate of 7.5% is estimated to be $115,401. SUMMARY OF ACTION: King County Wastewater Treatment Division (KCWTD) set their rates every year. In 2024 when the city’s 2025- 2026 biennial budget was adopted, the KCWTD anticipated that the 2026 rate would be a 7% increase over 2025 rates for a rate of $62.36 for monthly sewer rate and $8.31 for additional 100 cubic feet (cf) over 750 cf of water used for multifamily, commercial, and industrial customers. The city adopted King County’s anticipated 7% rate increase for the 2026 KCTWD treatment charge. However, after KCWTD calculated the rates for 2026, the rate increase needed is 7.5% over the 2025 rates, 0.50% more than the anticipated rate that the city adopted in the 2025-2026 budget. Effective January 1, 2026, the KCWTD will be increasing the monthly wastewater treatment rate by 7.5% for all customers as adopted by the Metropolitan King County Council on June 17, 2025. For the city’s adopted wastewater treatment pass-through charge to match the adopted KCWTD 2026 rates, the monthly rate would increase by $0.30 to $62.66 and the additional charge for 100 cf over 750 cf of water used would increase by $0.04 to $8.35 for multifamily, commercial and industrial customer. The King County wastewater treatment charge is collected by the city and then passed through to King County for treatment of sewage from city wastewater utility customers per our agreement for sewage disposal with King County. The proposed ordinance will increase the city’s pass-through rate as indicated above, effective January 1, 2026. The 2026 revenue and expenditure adjustments will be included in the city’s 2025/2026 Mid-Biennium Budget amendment ordinance. EXHIBITS: A. Ordinance STAFF RECOMMENDATION: AGENDA ITEM #8. l) Adopt the ordinance approving the city’s 2026 King County wastewater treatment charge pass through rate to match King County’s adopted 2026 rate of $62.66 and the additional charge of $8.35 for every 100 cf over 750 cf of water used by multifamily, commercial and industrial customers to be effective on January 1, 2026. AGENDA ITEM #8. l) 1 CITY OF RENTON, WASHINGTON ORDINANCE NO. ________ AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF RENTON, WASHINGTON, AMENDING SUBSECTION 8-5-15.D OF THE RENTON MUNICIPAL CODE, ESTABLISHING THE KING COUNTY METRO WASTEWATER PASS THROUGH RATE FOR 2026, AUTHORIZING CORRECTIONS, PROVIDING FOR SEVERABILITY, AND ESTABLISHING AN EFFECTIVE DATE. NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF RENTON, WASHINGTON, DO ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS: SECTION I. All portions of the Renton Municipal Code in this ordinance that are not shown in strikethrough and underline edits or are not explicitly repealed herein remain in effect and unchanged. SECTION II. Subsection 8-5-15.D of the Renton Municipal Code is amended as follows: 8-5-15 SEWER CHARGES: D. Additional Charges: In addition to the foregoing charges specified in this Section, the following rates shall be charged, in accordance with the Interlocal Agreement with King County Wastewater: 1. Single-family dwelling units: Single-Family Residential: 2025 Rate 2026 Rate King County Wastewater Charge $58.28 $62.36 62.66 King County Rate Adjustment Charge $0.00 $0.00 2. All users other than single-family: AGENDA ITEM #8. l) ORDINANCE NO. ________ 2 All Users Other Than Single-Family: 2025 Rate 2026 Rate King County Wastewater Charge – Minimum Charge includes 750 Cubic Feet usage charge $58.28 $62.36 $62.66 King County Wastewater Charge – Per each additional 100 Cubic Feet usage charge over 750 Cubic Feet $7.77 $8.31 $8.35 King County Rate Adjustment Charge $0.00 $0.00 3. Any additional charges hereafter imposed by King County Wastewater under the “Industrial Cost Recovery” or “Industrial Waste Surcharge” programs required under the FWPCA (PL 92-500), Section 204, or as same may be amended hereafter, plus fifteen percent (15%) thereof as an additional charge for the City’s cost of implementing such programs. 4. Senior and/or disabled low-income rates: a. Senior and/or disabled citizens who qualify under RMC 8-4-31.C for low-income rates prior to May 31, 2008, are eligible for a seventy-five percent (75%) subsidy of City sewer charges and a nonsubsidized rate for the King County Wastewater charge in accordance with the Interlocal Agreement with King County Wastewater: AGENDA ITEM #8. l) ORDINANCE NO. ________ 3 Low-income Rates Qualified prior to May 31, 2008 2025 Rate 2026 Rate King County Wastewater Charge Non-subsidized $58.28 $62.36 $62.66 King County Rate Adjustment Charge $0.00 $0.00 City Sewer Charge 75% subsidy $8.42 $8.59 b. All other senior and/or disabled citizens qualifying under RMC 8-4-31.C for low-income rates after May 31, 2008, are eligible for a fifty percent (50%) subsidy for City sewer charges and a nonsubsidized rate for the King County Wastewater charge in accordance with the Interlocal Agreement with King County Wastewater: Low-income Rates Qualify After May 31, 2008 2025 Rate 2026 Rate King County Wastewater Charge Non-subsidized $58.28 $62.36 $62.66 King County Rate Adjustment Charge $0.00 $0.00 City Sewer Charge 50% Subsidy $16.84 $17.17 SECTION III. These rates become effective with billings computed on or after January 1, 2026 for the 2026 rates. SECTION IV. Upon approval of the City Attorney, the City Clerk is authorized to direct the codifier to make necessary corrections to this ordinance, including the corrections of AGENDA ITEM #8. l) ORDINANCE NO. ________ 4 scriveners or clerical errors; references to other local, state, or federal laws, codes, rules, or regulations; or ordinance numbering and section/subsection numbering and references. The City Clerk is further authorized to direct the codifier to update any chapter, section, or subsection titles in the Renton Municipal Code affected by this ordinance. SECTION V. If any section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase, or word of this ordinance should be held to be invalid or unconstitutional by a court of competent jurisdiction, such invalidity or unconstitutionality thereof shall not affect the constitutionality of any other section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase, or word of this ordinance. SECTION VI. This ordinance shall be in full force and effect five (5) days after publication of a summary of this ordinance in the City's official newspaper. The summary shall consist of this ordinance's title. PASSED BY THE CITY COUNCIL this day of , 2025. Jason A. Seth, City Clerk APPROVED BY THE MAYOR this day of , 2025. Armondo Pavone, Mayor AGENDA ITEM #8. l) ORDINANCE NO. ________ 5 Approved as to form: Shane Moloney, City Attorney Date of Publication: PW: 25ORD015: 8.21.2025 AGENDA ITEM #8. l) 1 CITY OF RENTON, WASHINGTON RESOLUTION NO. _______ A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY OF RENTON, WASHINGTON, ADOPTING THE 2025- 2030 KING COUNTY REGIONAL HAZARD MITIGTION PLAN AND AUTHORIZING THE CITY’S ANNEX THERETO, AND ADOPTING THE CITY OF RENTON PLAN ANNEX. WHEREAS, the City and the surrounding areas are subject to a wide range of natural and anthropogenic hazards, including floods, winter storms, earthquakes, landslides, hazardous material spills and more; and WHEREAS, in 2020, a partnership between King County and over sixty (60) different entities, including the City of Renton, schools, fire districts, utilities and other special purpose districts created the King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan (“the Plan”); and WHEREAS, the Plan, and City’s annex to the Plan, was adopted by the City Council on July 13, 2020; and WHEREAS, Federal rules require the Plan to be updated every five years; and WHEREAS, FEMA has announced its pending approval of the draft 2025-2030 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan (“the 2025-2030 Plan”) and King County plans to formally adopt the 2025-2030 Plan by September 2025; and WHEREAS, it is necessary for City Council to adopt the 2025-2030 Plan and authorize the City of Renton’s annex thereto, and adopt the City of Renton’s Plan Annex; NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF RENTON, WASHINGTON, DO RESOLVE AS FOLLOWS: AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) RESOLUTION NO. _______ 2 SECTION I. The City Council adopts the 2025-2030 Plan, attached hereto as Exhibit A, in anticipation of adoption by the King County Council in September 2025. SECTION II. The City Council adopts the City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025-2030 Plan, attached hereto as Exhibit B. PASSED BY THE CITY COUNCIL this day of , 2025. ______________________________ Jason A. Seth, City Clerk APPROVED BY THE MAYOR this day of , 2025. ______________________________ Armondo Pavone, Mayor Approved as to form: Shane Moloney, City Attorney RES-EM: 25RES023: 8.6.2025 AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan 2025 - 2030 EXHIBIT A AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Executive Summary i Acknowledgements The King County Office of Emergency Management extends its sincere gratitude to our local, state, and national partners, non-governmental organizations, community members, and dedicated staff whose expertise, experience, and support were instrumental in the development of this plan. All contributions, big and small, are greatly appreciated. Program Leads Mercedes Stroeve, King County Hazard Mitigation Planner Andrew Matthews, King County Emergency Management Coordinator County Agency Brendan McCluskey, Director OEM Nicole Johnson, Risk Reductions Manager OEM Celia Taylor, Planning & Finance Manager OEM Sheri Badger, Public Information Officer OEM Alli Ferreri, Wildfire Planning Coordinator OEM Andrew Dixon, Dam Safety Coordinator OEM Edan Edmonson, Prevention Coordinator OEM Lexi Swanson, Homeland Security Coordinator OEM Nathan Emory, Extreme Weather Coordinator OEM Tom Sharp, LEPC Manager OEM Sunita Hall, Zone-1 Liaison OEM Sally Calengor, Zone-3 Liaison OEM Audrey Hoen, Cyber Security Fellow OEM Alexis Mee, Preparedness Fellow OEM Keara Ryan, Preparedness Specialist OEM Ken Zweig, Program Manager, DNRP Laura Hendrix, Floodplain Management Program Manager DNRP Katy Vanderpool Program Manager, DNRP Mike Lasecki, Rural Forest Health Coordinator KCD Stephan Carr, Assistant CISO KCIT Jamie Emert, Emergency Preparedness Planning and Partnerships Manager PHSKC Lara Whitely-Binder, Climate Preparedness Specialist EOC Cecelia Hayes, Equity and Social Justice Program Manager DES Sean Catanese, Risk Management Addison Houston, Climate Adaptation Strategist PHSKC State Agency Doug Larm, WSFC Maximilian Dixon, Earthquake Program Manager EMD Kate Mickelson, Landslide Hazards Program Manager DNR Megan Anderson, Earthquake Geologist and Geophysicist DNR Josh Halofsky, Natural Resource Scientist DNR National Agency Dennis D’A mico, Forecast Director NWAC Reid Wolcott, Meteorologist NWS Brent Bower, Senior Service Hydrologist NWS Jurisdictions & Special Districts Cat Robinson, Emergency Coordinator EFR Diane Pottinger, District Manager NCWD Jared Schneider, Issaquah Emergency Manager Deborah Needham, Renton Emergency Manager Will Lugo, SeaTac Emergency Manager Colby Cavanaugh, Bothell Emergency Manager Lisa Figueroa, Redmond Emergency Manager Ryan Zavala, Shoreline Emergency Manager Non-Government Organization Matt Rogers, Research Scientist UW CIG Dave Cook, Principal Geologist Aspect Consulting AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Executive Summary ii Executive Summary The King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan (RHMP) 2025-2030 serves as a strategic blueprint to safeguard the community and its assets from potential nature and human-induced hazards. In compliance with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the Washington State Emergency Management Division (EMD) regulations, the plan ensures King County remains eligible for critical hazard mitigation funding and other resources. The plan’s overarching goal is to create a framework that reduces the impact and susceptibility of the identified hazards on people, property, and the environment, prioritizing historically underserved communities. To achieve this goal, the Core Planning Team worked to foster collaboration across local, state, and federal agencies, community organizations, and private sector partners. Collaboration is at the heart of this plan, working in partnership to identify and assess potential hazards and their impacts, determine high-risk areas and populations, integrate hazard mitigation into land use planning, and develop strategies to minimize risk. Equity is a cornerstone of the King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan, ensuring that mitigation efforts prioritize those most vulnerable to the impacts of hazards. This includes focusing on communities that are historically underserved, such as low-income households, elderly residents, and individuals with disabilities. By recognizing the unique challenges faced by these populations, the plan strives to reduce disparities in risk exposure and access to resources. Through comprehensive research, analysis, and collaboration, a set of targeted mitigation strategies has been developed, incorporating both structural and non-structural measures. Structural actions, such as retrofitting buildings and infrastructure, are complemented by non-structural approaches like land use planning and community engagement. Key mitigation actions identified include the development and implementation of floodplain management plans, improvements to emergency response capabilities, and the promotion of green infrastructure solutions to manage stormwater and reduce flood risks. The significance of the 2025-2030 King County RHMP cannot be overstated. By identifying and addressing the region's most pressing hazards, the plan aims to protect lives and property, reduce the risk of injury, loss of life, and property damage, and enhance community resilience. This includes strengthening infrastructure, strengthening emergency response capabilities, and fostering social cohesion, ensuring that communities can better withstand, prepare, and recover from disasters. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Executive Summary iii Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................ ii Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Mitigation Goal and Priorities .......................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Revisions from 2020 Edition ............................................................................................................ 1-2 1.3 Plan Guide ........................................................................................................................................ 1-3 1.4 EMAP Standards ............................................................................................................................... 1-4 Chapter 2: Planning Process ............................................................................................................ 2-1 2.1 Partner Engagement and Collaboration .......................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Planning Steps .................................................................................................................................. 2-5 2.3 Jurisdiction Annex Process .............................................................................................................. 2-6 2.4 Timeline .......................................................................................................................................... 2-10 2.5 Outreach and Engagement ............................................................................................................ 2-13 2.5 Plan Integration .............................................................................................................................. 2-19 Chapter 3: Community Profile ......................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Geography ........................................................................................................................................ 3-1 3.2 Climate ............................................................................................................................................. 3-2 3.3 History .............................................................................................................................................. 3-2 3.4 Population ........................................................................................................................................ 3-3 3.5 Economy ........................................................................................................................................... 3-9 3.6 Development Trends ...................................................................................................................... 3-10 Chapter 4: Risk Assessment Overview .............................................................................................. 4-1 4.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.2 Methodology .................................................................................................................................... 4-3 4.3 Risk Assessment Results ................................................................................................................... 4-8 4.4 GIS Data ............................................................................................................................................ 4-9 4.5 Jurisdiction-Specific Risk Assessments ........................................................................................... 4-11 Chapter 5: Avalanche ...................................................................................................................... 5-1 5.1 Hazard Description ........................................................................................................................... 5-2 5.2 Location ............................................................................................................................................ 5-3 5.3 Magnitude ........................................................................................................................................ 5-5 AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Executive Summary iv 5.4 Previous Occurrences ....................................................................................................................... 5-6 5.5 Probability of Future Occurrences ................................................................................................... 5-8 5.6 Climate Change Considerations ....................................................................................................... 5-9 5.7 Impact Assessment .......................................................................................................................... 5-9 5.8 Vulnerability Assessment ............................................................................................................... 5-11 Chapter 6: Civil Disorder .................................................................................................................. 6-1 6.1 Hazard Description ........................................................................................................................... 6-2 6.2 Location ............................................................................................................................................ 6-4 6.3 Magnitude ........................................................................................................................................ 6-4 6.4 Previous Occurrences ....................................................................................................................... 6-7 6.5 Probability of Future Occurrences ................................................................................................... 6-8 6.6 Climate Change Considerations ....................................................................................................... 6-9 6.7 Impact Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 6-10 6.8 Vulnerability Assessment ............................................................................................................... 6-12 Chapter 7: Cyber Incidents .............................................................................................................. 7-1 7.1 Hazard Description ........................................................................................................................... 7-2 7.2 Location ............................................................................................................................................ 7-4 7.3 Magnitude ...................................................................................................................................... 7-10 7.4 Previous Occurrences ..................................................................................................................... 7-11 7.5 Probability of Future Occurrences ................................................................................................. 7-14 7.6 Climate Change Considerations ..................................................................................................... 7-15 7.7 Impact Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 7-15 7.8 Vulnerability Assessment ............................................................................................................... 7-18 Chapter 8: Dam Failure .................................................................................................................... 8-1 8.1 Hazard Description ........................................................................................................................... 8-2 8.2 Location ............................................................................................................................................ 8-5 8.3 Magnitude ........................................................................................................................................ 8-9 8.4 Previous Occurrences ....................................................................................................................... 8-9 8.5 Probability of Future Occurrences ................................................................................................. 8-11 8.6 Climate Change Considerations ..................................................................................................... 8-11 8.7 Impact Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 8-12 8.8 Vulnerability Assessment ............................................................................................................... 8-15 AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Executive Summary v Chapter 9: Earthquake ..................................................................................................................... 9-1 9.1 Hazard Description ........................................................................................................................... 9-2 9.2 Location ............................................................................................................................................ 9-3 9.3 Magnitude ........................................................................................................................................ 9-5 9.4 Previous Occurrences ....................................................................................................................... 9-9 9.5 Probability of Future Occurrences ................................................................................................. 9-11 9.6 Impact Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 9-12 9.7 Vulnerability Assessment ............................................................................................................... 9-19 Chapter 10: Flood .......................................................................................................................... 10-1 10.1 Hazard Description ....................................................................................................................... 10-2 10.2 Location ........................................................................................................................................ 10-4 10.3 Magnitude .................................................................................................................................... 10-7 10.4 Previous Occurrences ................................................................................................................... 10-9 10.5 Probability of Future Occurrences ............................................................................................. 10-12 10.6 Climate Change Considerations ................................................................................................. 10-13 10.7 Impact Assessment .................................................................................................................... 10-13 10.8 Vulnerability Assessment ........................................................................................................... 10-18 Chapter 11: Hazardous Materials ................................................................................................... 11-1 11.1 Hazard Description ....................................................................................................................... 11-2 11.2 Location ........................................................................................................................................ 11-3 11.3 Magnitude .................................................................................................................................... 11-6 11.4 Previous Occurrences ................................................................................................................... 11-7 11.5 Probability of Future Occurrences ............................................................................................. 11-10 11.6 Climate Change Considerations ................................................................................................. 11-10 11.7 Impact Assessment .................................................................................................................... 11-10 11.8 Vulnerability Assessment ........................................................................................................... 11-13 Chapter 12: Health Incidents ......................................................................................................... 12-1 12.1 Hazard Description ....................................................................................................................... 12-2 12.2 Location ........................................................................................................................................ 12-3 12.3 Magnitude .................................................................................................................................... 12-5 12.4 Previous Occurrences ................................................................................................................... 12-7 12.5 Probability of Future Occurrences ............................................................................................... 12-9 AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Executive Summary vi 12.6 Climate Change Considerations ................................................................................................. 12-10 12.7 Impact Assessment .................................................................................................................... 12-10 12.8 Vulnerability Assessment ........................................................................................................... 12-12 Chapter 13: Landslide .................................................................................................................... 13-1 13.1 Hazard Description ....................................................................................................................... 13-2 13.2 Location ........................................................................................................................................ 13-5 13.3 Magnitude .................................................................................................................................... 13-7 13.4 Previous Occurrences ................................................................................................................... 13-9 13.5 Probability of Future Occurrences ............................................................................................. 13-11 13.6 Climate Change Considerations ................................................................................................. 13-11 13.7 Impact Assessment .................................................................................................................... 13-12 13.8 Vulnerability Assessment ........................................................................................................... 13-15 Chapter 14: Severe Weather .......................................................................................................... 14-1 14.1 Hazard Description ....................................................................................................................... 14-2 14.2 Location ........................................................................................................................................ 14-2 14.3 Magnitude .................................................................................................................................... 14-5 14.4 Previous Occurrences ................................................................................................................... 14-9 14.5 Probability of Future Occurrences ............................................................................................. 14-11 14.6 Climate Change Considerations ................................................................................................. 14-12 14.7 Impact Assessment .................................................................................................................... 14-13 14.8 Vulnerability Assessment ........................................................................................................... 14-18 Chapter 15: Terrorism .................................................................................................................... 15-1 15.1 Hazard Description ....................................................................................................................... 15-2 15.2 Location ........................................................................................................................................ 15-4 15.3 Magnitude .................................................................................................................................... 15-5 15.4 Previous Occurrences ................................................................................................................... 15-7 15.5 Probability of Future Occurrences ............................................................................................. 15-10 15.6 Impact Assessment .................................................................................................................... 15-10 15.7 Vulnerability Assessment ........................................................................................................... 15-12 Chapter 16: Tsunami ..................................................................................................................... 16-1 16.1 Hazard Description ....................................................................................................................... 16-2 16.2 Location ........................................................................................................................................ 16-3 AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Executive Summary vii 16.3 Magnitude .................................................................................................................................... 16-6 16.4 Previous Occurrences ................................................................................................................... 16-6 16.5 Probability of Future Occurrences ............................................................................................... 16-8 16.6 Impact Assessment ...................................................................................................................... 16-9 16.7 Vulnerability Assessment ........................................................................................................... 16-11 Chapter 17: Volcano ...................................................................................................................... 17-1 17.1 Hazard Description ....................................................................................................................... 17-2 17.2 Location ........................................................................................................................................ 17-3 17.3 Magnitude .................................................................................................................................... 17-5 17.4 Previous Occurrences ................................................................................................................... 17-7 17.5 Probability of Future Occurrences ............................................................................................... 17-8 17.6 Climate Change Considerations ................................................................................................... 17-9 17.7 Impact Assessment ...................................................................................................................... 17-9 17.8 Vulnerability Assessment ........................................................................................................... 17-12 Chapter 18: Wildfire ...................................................................................................................... 18-1 18.1 Hazard Description ....................................................................................................................... 18-2 18.2 Location ........................................................................................................................................ 18-4 18.3 Magnitude .................................................................................................................................... 18-6 18.4 Previous Occurrences ................................................................................................................. 18-10 18.5 Probability of Future Occurrences ............................................................................................. 18-12 18.6 Climate Change Considerations ................................................................................................. 18-12 18.7 Impact Assessment .................................................................................................................... 18-12 18.8 Vulnerability Assessment ........................................................................................................... 18-16 Chapter 19: Capabilities ................................................................................................................ 19-1 19.1 Plan, Policies, & Ordinances ......................................................................................................... 19-2 19.2 Programs .................................................................................................................................... 19-10 19.3 Staffing & Departments ............................................................................................................. 19-19 19.4 Potential Funding Sources ......................................................................................................... 19-24 Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies .................................................................................................. 20-1 20.1 Mitigation Plan Goal..................................................................................................................... 20-2 20.2 Mitigation Plan Strategies ........................................................................................................... 20-2 20.3 Mitigation Plan Actions ................................................................................................................ 20-3 AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Executive Summary viii 20.4 Prioritizing Mitigation Strategies ................................................................................................. 20-3 20.5 Crosswalk with the Strategic Climate Action Plan ....................................................................... 20-7 20.6 Mitigation Strategy 2020 Status Updates .................................................................................... 20-8 20.7 Mitigation Strategies 2025 ......................................................................................................... 20-16 Chapter 21: Plan Maintenance ....................................................................................................... 21-1 21.1 Monitoring and Updating ............................................................................................................. 21-1 21.2 Integrating into Existing Planning Mechanisms ........................................................................... 21-2 21.2 Continued Public Involvement ..................................................................................................... 21-3 Chapter 22: Plan Adoption ............................................................................................................ 22-1 AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 1: Introduction 1-1 Chapter 1: Introduction Mitigation planning is a vital strategic tool for reducing risk and enhancing community resilience to hazard events. It provides a platform for local partners to collaborate, assess potential risks, and build integrated mitigation strategies for risk reduction. The 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan explores the intersection of mitigation with prevention, protection, response, and recovery. Hazard mitigation, a core mission within emergency management, goes beyond life safety by emphasizing that disaster impacts are not inevitable. While incidents will occur, their consequences are not predetermined. Through targeted investments in critical areas, we can strengthen the most vulnerable aspects of our community, enhancing resilience, and reducing the severity of future disasters. The 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan complies with FEMA’s local mitigation planning requirements outlined in Title 44, Part 201 of the Code of Federal Regulations (44 CFR 201) incorporating the latest policy updates that took effect in April 2025. The plan reassesses the risks and vulnerabilities associated with eight natural hazards and seven human-caused hazards, developing actionable strategies to mitigate these risks. Serving as a base plan for all of King County, the plan also includes annexes from 50 jurisdictions, schools, and special districts, each contributing their specific analyses and mitigation actions tailored to their needs. 1.1 Mitigation Goal and Priorities The goal of the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan is to create a framework that reduces the impact and susceptibility of the identified hazards on people, property, and the environment, prioritizing historically underserved communities. This framework takes into account King County’s 15 Determinants of Equity and Social Justice. These population-level indicators help AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 1: Introduction 1-2 planners to better understand disparities and opportunities to make a difference across the communities we serve. 1.2 Revisions from 2020 Edition When updating the 2020 RHMP, several key revisions and improvements have been made to enhance the plan's effectiveness and alignment with contemporary needs and requirements . The 2020 plan was fully rewritten and reformatted to comply with FEMA’s 2022 updated local mitigation planning requirements. This includes the incorporation of new subsections addressing climate change considerations, and ensuring the plan accounts for the evolving impacts of climate change on hazards and vulnerability. The risk assessments have been refocused to better support emergency managers, who are the primary audience of the plan. This shift ensures that the risk assessments are more directly relevant to the people responsible for preparedness and operations related to the hazards in King County. With advancements in science and technology since the development of the original plan, the 2025 edition benefits from newly available data and tools. These improvements enable a more detailed and accurate risk assessment, providing better insight into the County’s hazard exposure and vulnerabilities. The methodology for ranking hazards has been refined to incorporate criteria from the Emergency Management Accreditation Program (EMAP). This enhanced scoring approach offers a more robust evaluation of hazards, better reflecting the County’s risk landscape. The 2025 plan places a stronger emphasis on equity and social justice, integrating these considerations into the understanding of risk and vulnerability. The County worked with various departments to identify vulnerable populations and include relevant data in a way that is operationally meaningful, ensuring that mitigation strategies address and reduce risks to these populations. Additionally, a community profile was introduced to this update, offering a deeper understanding of King County’s demographics. This addition allows the plan to better identify and understand vulnerable populations in the region, ensuring that mitigation strategies can be tailored to meet the needs of these groups. In anticipation of a significant increase in federal grants for natural hazard mitigation through the Disaster Recovery Reform Act, the plan includes a strategy to identify projects and project champions. This revision emphasizes capacity-building among planning partners and County agencies to better identify vulnerabilities, craft mitigation strategies, communicate the benefits of projects, and pursue funding opportunities effectively. These revisions ensure that the 2025 Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan is more comprehensive, up- to-date, and aligned with local, regional, and federal priorities, while addressing the unique needs of vulnerable populations and the evolving risks posed by climate change. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 1: Introduction 1-3 1.3 Plan Guide The base plan satisfies all requirements for King County plus many of the planning requirements for local planning partners. The plan is organized as follows. Planning ProcessChapter 2 •The planning process section corresponds to Element A in the FEMA Mitigation Plan Review Guide and includes information on the planning process such as public outreach, meetings, and the planning timeline. Community ProfileChapter 3 •The community profile provides a detailed overview of King County's demographics, including population data, economic conditions, and historical context. It also highlights development trends, helping to identify potential vulnerabilities. Risk AssessmentsChapter 4-18 •The risk assessment chapters include profiles of each profiled natural and human-caused hazard. These profiles are brief and are designed to provide an overview to emergency managers and other users of this plan. This section meets the requirements of Element B in the FEMA Mitigation Plan Review Guide. Capabilities AssessmentChapter 19 •The capabilities chapter meets requirements associated with coordinating the hazard mitigation program with other entities as well as information on available funding. Mitigation StrategiesChapter 20 •Hazard mitigation strategies are the key deliverable of this plan and include information on how strategies are identified, developed, and prioritized. This section meets the requirements in Element C of the FEMA Mitigation Plan Review Guide. Plan MaintenanceChapter 21 •The plan maintenance chapter outlines a framework for monitoring, evaluating, and updating the plan at regular intervals to ensure its relevance and accuracy throughout the 5-year period. Additionally, it provides a structured approach for tracking the progress and effectiveness of mitigation strategies. Plan AdoptionChapter 22 •The plan adoption chapter outlines the formal approval of the hazard mitigation plan by the King County Council, affirming the King County’s and annex jurisdiction's commitment to the outlined goals and actions. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 1: Introduction 1-4 1.4 EMAP Standards The Emergency Management Accreditation Program (EMAP) is a national, standards-based assessment and accreditation process for emergency management programs. In the context of hazard mitigation, EMAP ensures the RHMP takes into account all the phases of emergency and disaster management: mitigation, protection, prevention, response, and recovery. These phases are addressed in the impact (or consequence) and vulnerability assessments, which are essential for evaluating hazards risk to various community components. Each identified hazard includes a detailed quantitative summary of its overall impact, vulnerability, and risk on the respective chapter cover page, along with a qualitative summary provided at the end of the chapter. The RHMP narrative is tailored to local emergency managers , the primary audience, and emphasizes collaboration by involving them in the planning, implementation, and ongoing maintenance of the plan. EMAP Section 2022 Standard Location in Plan 4.1 Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Consequence Analysis 4.1.1 The Emergency Management Program identifies the natural and human-caused hazards that potentially impact the jurisdiction using multiple sources. The Emergency Management Program assesses the risk and vulnerability of the following: (1) people; Located in each hazard profile Chapters 5 through 18 both on the chapter cover page and under the section title Vulnerability Assessment. Definitions are found in Chapter 4, Section 2. (2) property; (3) the environment; and (4) its own operations from these hazards. 4.1.2 The Emergency Management Program conducts a consequence analysis for the hazards identified in Standard 4.1.1 to consider the impact on the following: (1) public; Located in each hazard profile Chapters 5 through 18 both on the chapter cover page and under the section title (2) responders; (3) continuity of operations, including continued delivery of services; AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 1: Introduction 1-5 (4) property, facilities, and infrastructure; Impact Assessment. Definitions are found in Chapter 4, Section 2. (5) environment; (6) the economic condition of the jurisdiction; and (7) public confidence in the jurisdiction’s governance. 4.1.3 The Emergency Management Program has a maintenance process for its Hazard Identification, and Risk Assessment (HIRA) identified in Standard 4.1.1, and the Consequence Analysis (CA) identified in Standard 4.1.2, including a method and schedule for evaluation and revision. Maintenance Process (HIRA) Maintenance process for HIRA and CA, including evaluation and revision, are located in Chapter 21, Section 1. Maintenance Process (CA) Method and schedule evaluation Method and schedule for revision 4.2 Hazard Mitigation 4.2.1 The Emergency Management Program has a plan to implement mitigation projects and sets priorities based upon loss reduction. The plan: (1) is based on the natural and human-caused hazards identified in Standard 4.1.1 and the risk and consequences of those hazards; Located in Chapter 4, Section 1. (2) is developed through formal planning processes involving Emergency Management Located in Chapter 2, Sections 1 and 2. 4.2.2 The Emergency Management Program documents project ranking based upon the greatest opportunity for loss reduction and documents how specific mitigation actions contribute to overall risk reduction. Priority Process Located in Chapter 20, Section 4. Mitigation Actions Located in Chapter 20, Section 7. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 1: Introduction 1-6 4.2.3 The Emergency Management Program utilizes a process to monitor the overall progress of the mitigation activities and documents completed initiatives and their resulting reduction or limitation of hazard impact on the jurisdiction. Emergency Management Program monitoring is addressed in Chapter 21, Section 1. 4.2.4 The Emergency Management Program, consistent with the scope of the mitigation program, does the following: (1) identifies ongoing mitigation opportunities and tracks repetitive loss; Mitigation program tracking and technical assistance is addressed in Chapter 21, Section 1. (2) provides technical assistance in implementing mitigation codes and ordinances; and (3) participates in jurisdictional and multi-jurisdictional mitigation efforts. Multi-jurisdictional mitigation is addressed in Chapter 21, Section 2. 4.2.5 The Emergency Management Program has a maintenance process for the plan identified in Standard 4.2.1, including a method and schedule for evaluation and revision. Maintenance process for the plan, including evaluation and revision, are located in Chapter 21, Section 1. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 2: Planning Process 2-1 Chapter 2: Planning Process The King County 2025 Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan (RHMP) follows the established planning guidelines of the Office of Emergency Management (OEM). This approach adheres to the standards of the Emergency Management Accreditation Program (EMAP) and FEMA’s Comprehensive Preparedness Guide (CPG). The planning process embraced a whole-community approach, collaborating with a multiagency multijurisdictional steering committee. Consulting with subject matter experts through targeted focus groups, and actively engaged vulnerable communities through listening sessions to ensure comprehensive and inclusive input. Cities, tribes, special purpose districts, and school districts were invited to participate in this plan update. These jurisdictions and entities are critical to effective implementation of multi-jurisdictional mitigation projects. 2.1 Partner Engagement and Collaboration Core Planning Team The Core Planning Team, composed of key members from the King County Office of Emergency Management, played a pivotal role in guiding both the internal county process and supporting the planning efforts of individual cities. Their responsibilities included coordinating outreach activities, developing and reviewing plan drafts, contributing to the risk assessment, formulating mitigation goals and strategies, and overseeing the submission of the plan for local adoption. Steering Committee The Steering Committee, overseen by the Core Planning Team, is made up of different King County departments and representatives from participating jurisdictions and special districts including community planners, emergency managers, and subject matter experts. The committee supervised the writing of the plan and was consulted for final decisions made by the Core Planning Team. Individual departments developed their own strategies internally and then socialized the strategies with the other county participants. Table 2-1 Planning Team Members Name Organization Title Core Planning Team Andrew Matthews King County Emergency Management Hazard Mitigation Program Coordinator AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 2: Planning Process 2-2 Nicole Johnson King County Emergency Management Senior Program Manager Mercedes Stroeve King County Emergency Management Hazard Mitigation Planner Steering Committee Members Addison Houston KC Public Health Climate Adaptation Strategist Cat Robinson Eastside Fire and Rescue Emergency Coordinator Cecelia Hayes King County Department of Executive Services Equity and Social Justice Program Manager Colby Cavanaugh City of Bothell Emergency Manager Deborah Neeham City of Renton Emergency Manager Diane Pottinger North City Water District District Manager Edan Edmunson King County Emergency Management Dam Safety Coordinator Jared Schneider City of Issaquah Emergency Manager Lara Whitely-Binder King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks Climate Preparedness Specialist Laura Hendrix King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks Floodplain Management Program Manager Lisa Figueroa City of Redmond Emergency Manager Meisha Roberton Riverview School District Assistant Superintendent Business Program Manager AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 2: Planning Process 2-3 Sally Calengor King County Emergency Management Zone 3 Nathan Emory King County Emergency Management Extreme Weather Coordinator Ryan Zavala City of Shoreline Emergency Manager Sean Catanese King County Risk Management Risk Management Sheri Badger King County Emergency Management Recovery Program Manager Sunita Hall King County Emergency Management Zone 1 Will Lugo City of SeaTac Emergency Manager The steering committee convened monthly to assess the progress of the core planning team and provide strategic guidance on critical decisions regarding the direction of the planning efforts. These meetings were held in-person at the King County Office of Emergency Management, with a virtual option also available to ensure broad participation. Table 2-2 Steering Committee Meetings DATE SUMMARY Feb 2024 Introductions Create outline for 2024/2025 update process; Review the new FEMA guidance and how it will affect the plan; Discuss other County wide plans we can incorporate; Begin creation of annex template. Mar 2024 Public outreach strategy Strategize public outreach approach; Identify subject matter experts for risk assessment; Review Annex template; Examine example HMPs (i.e. Thurston County RHMP). Apr 2024 Equity and social justice (part 1) Address how the RHMP will factor in equity in the planning and implantation; Review the Equity in Response Planning Tool; Update the Equity Matrix for scoring strategies; identify potential new partners and/or opportunities for collaboration. May 2024 Equity and social justice (part 2) AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 2: Planning Process 2-4 Continue to discuss how the RHMP will factor in equity in the planning and implantation; Continue to update the Equity Matrix for scoring strategies; Finalize outreach event schedule and locations. June 2024 Plan goals, priorities, and strategy (part 1) Establish plan goals, priorities, and strategy prioritization method; Provide update on current risk profiles; Review public outreach survey flyer and questions. July 2024 Plan goals, priorities, and strategy (part 2) Confirm RHMP goal, priorities, and strategy prioritization method. Aug 2024 Risk assessment Review risk assessment matrix; organize risk assessment workshop identifying speakers; Create invite list of subject matter experts. Oct 2024 Impact and vulnerability assessment Recap the risk assessment workshop; Identify plans and studies to incorporate into the risk assessments; Identify impacts and vulnerabilities. Nov 2024 Mitigation strategies Review King County capabilities for mitigation efforts (i.e. policies, programs, staff, collaborations); Review previous mitigation strategies; Brainstorm new mitigation action opportunities. Jan 2025 Review draft base plan ‘Subject Matter Experts’ Engagement This region has benefitted significantly over the years from the partnerships and collaboration to address all the phases in emergency management (prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery). The following discipline partners were sources of subject matter experts and/or the channels to share information and engage in emergency management planning efforts. • King County Fire Chiefs Association • King County Police Chiefs Association • King County Office of Emergency Management • Zone 1, 3 & 5 Emergency Managers • Washington Association of Water & Sewer Districts • Puget Sound Educational Service District • King County Emergency Management Advisory Committee & Subcommittees • King County partner agencies (Department of Natural Resources and Parks (DNRP), Public Health (PHSKC), Facilities Management Division (FMD), Executive Climate Office (ECO)) • Washington State departments (Emergency Management Division, Department of Natural Resources, Washington Geological Survey, Fusion Center, Department of Transportation) • Federal agencies (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Weather Service (NWS), Northwest Avalanche Center (NWAC)) AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 2: Planning Process 2-5 All subject matter experts, partners, and participating jurisdictions and special districts were directly invited to partake in the steering committee and be involved in the planning process. 2.2 Planning Steps The hazard mitigation planning process is a systematic approach to identifying, assessing, and reducing the risks posed by natural and human-made hazards to a community. It is an essential part of building resilience, ensuring that future disaster impacts are minimized through strategic planning and collaboration. This process is divided into four distinct phases, each of which contributes to the development of a comprehensive mitigation plan. Plan Coordination The planning process begins with initial coordination and the establishment of a structured framework for development. This phase involves gathering key stakeholders and creating a foundation for the plan's development. • Initial Coordination: Organizing the Core Planning Team and Steering Committee to help establish goals and planning process. The core planning team outlines the steps, timelines, and resources necessary to complete the mitigation plan. The steering committee, consisting of representatives from key agencies and local officials, oversees and guides the planning process. • Partner Development: Identify and engage partners who will contribute to the process. These partners include local government agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), community groups, and other entities with a vested interest in hazard mitigation. • Develop Outreach Strategy: An outreach strategy is developed to engage the public and stakeholders through various channels. This may include meetings, social media, newsletters, and more. This includes a public survey to gather feedback from residents about their perceptions of hazards, mitigation needs, and priorities. Assess Risk Once the coordination phase is complete, the next step is to assess the hazards and risks that the community faces. This phase focuses on identifying and analyzing potential threats and their impacts. • Risk Assessment Methodology: Identifies the natural and human-made hazards that may affect King County. This includes developing criteria for evaluating the severity, likelihood, and potential impacts of each hazard. This process helps ensure that all risks are adequately considered and prioritized. This is done by evaluating a comprehensive list of local, state, and federal data (see Chapter 4: Risk Assessment Overview). AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 2: Planning Process 2-6 • Capability Assessment: Evaluates the community's current capacity to respond to and manage the identified risks. This includes reviewing existing mitigation measures, resources, and expertise (see Chapter 19: Capabilities). Mitigation Strategy This phase focuses on developing strategies to reduce the identified risks. It is about determining actions that align with our goals, and establishing how the plan will be maintained. • Mitigation Strategy: Craft detailed mitigation strategies in that align with the goal to reduce the impact and susceptibility of the identified hazards on people, property, and the environment, prioritizing historically underserved communities. • Identify Plan Maintenance: Outline how the plan will be maintained and updated over time. This includes establishing a process for monitoring progress, updating risk data, and revising the plan as necessary. Review & Adoption The final phase of the hazard mitigation planning process involves reviewing and formalizing the plan, ensuring it meets regulatory requirements, and gaining official approval. • State Review: The draft plan is submitted to the Washington Emergency Management Department (EMD) for review. The state ensures that the plan meets all applicable state regulations and is consistent with state hazard mitigation goals. • FEMA Review: After state approval, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) reviews the plan to ensure it meets federal standards and requirements for hazard mitigation planning. • Public Comment Period: Following FEMA approval, the plan is made available to the public for 30-days to review and provide further input or concerns before the final plan is approved. • Council Approval: The plan is submitted to King County Council for final approval. Once the governing body approve, the plan is officially adopted and becomes a living document that guides ongoing hazard mitigation efforts. 2.3 Jurisdiction Annex Process KCOEM invited incorporated municipalities, Tribes, school districts, special districts, and other stakeholders to participate in the RHMP planning process. There are 29 participating jurisdictions and 21 special districts. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 2: Planning Process 2-7 Jurisdictions Beaux Arts Village Bothell Burien Carnation Clyde Hill Covington Des Moines Duvall Federal Way Hunts Point Issaquah Kenmore Kent Kirkland Lake Forest Park Maple Valley Mercer Island Newcastle North Bend Redmond Renton Sammamish SeaTac Shoreline Skykomish Snoqualmie Tukwila Woodinville Special Districts Cedar River Water & Sewer District Coal Creak Utility District Covington Water District King County Water District #19 (KCWD 19) King County Water District #20 (KCWD 20) King County Water District #90 (KCWD 90) King County Water District #125 (KCWD 125) Midway Sewer District North City Water District Northeast Sammamish Sewer and Water District Renton School District Riverview School District Sammamish Plateau Water District South King County Fire and Rescue Shoreline School District Seattle Housing Authority Skyway Water and Sewer District Soos Creek Water and Sewer District Valley Regional Fire Authority Vashon Island Fire and Rescue Woodinville Water District Individual jurisdictions and special districts participating in a multi-jurisdictional plan must meet the mitigation planning requirements, adopt the plan and provide documentation to FEMA through Washington State Emergency Management Department (EMD). Once the agency receives the jurisdiction’s adoption, FEMA will issue an approval letter for the jurisdiction. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 2: Planning Process 2-8 Each jurisdiction that chose to participate in the planning process and development of the plan was required to meet plan participation requirements defined at the first planning meeting. Those that were not able to participate in KCOEM’s planning meetings had organized their own planning processes and have noted those meetings in their annex. The Core Planning Team hosted meetings for different phases of the planning process and presented at emergency management meetings in order to meet participants “where they’re at” to provide updates on the planning process and gather input. Opportunities for participation include: •Kickoff Meeting: First meeting to discuss the update of the RHMP and learn about FEMA’s updated planning policy guide. •Steering Committee Meetings: 9 total meetings providing committee members opportunity to contribute to the shaping of the planning process. •Annex Workshops: 6 total workshops for participating jurisdictions and special districts to go through FEMA requirements for their RHMP annex. •Risk Assessment Workshops: Review data on each of the identified hazards presented by subject matter experts and offering input on impacts and vulnerabilities. •Quarterly Emergency Management (EM) Meeting: Review findings from the Risk Assessment Workshop and offering additional input on impacts and vulnerabilities. •Zone Meeting Presentation: Discuss local, county, and state tools that help mitigate hazard risks and identify gaps in capabilities. •Co-Host Tabling Events: Help to organize a community outreach event to discuss local and regional hazard risks. Table 2-3 Jurisdictions and special districts participation in RHMP planning process Jurisdiction Ki c k o f f M e e t i n g St e e r i n g Co m m i t t e e An n e x Wo r k s h o p s Ri s k A s s e s s m e n t Wo r k s h o p Qu a r t e r l y E M Me e t i n g Zo n e M e e t i n g Pr e s e n t a t i o n Co - Ho s t Ta b l i n g Ev e n t s To t a l Beaux Arts Village 0 Bothell 1 1 1 1 4 Burien 1 1 2 Carnation 1 1 2 Clyde Hill 1 1 Covington 1 1 1 1 4 Des Moines 1 1 1 1 4 Duvall 1 1 1 3 Federal Way 1 2 1 1 1 6 Hunts Point 0 Issaquah 8 1 9 Kenmore 1 1 AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 2: Planning Process 2-9 Jurisdiction Ki c k o f f M e e t i n g St e e r i n g Co m m i t t e e An n e x Wo r k s h o p s Ri s k A s s e s s m e n t Wo r k s h o p Qu a r t e r l y E M Me e t i n g Zo n e M e e t i n g Pr e s e n t a t i o n Co - Ho s t Ta b l i n g Ev e n t s To t a l Kent 1 1 Kirkland 2 1 3 Lake Forest Park 0 Maple Valley 1 1 2 Mercer Island 1 2 1 4 Newcastle 1 2 3 North Bend 0 Redmond 1 4 1 6 Renton 8 2 1 1 12 Sammamish 0 SeaTac 1 5 1 1 1 1 10 Shoreline 1 7 3 1 12 Skykomish 0 Snoqualmie 0 Tukwila 1 1 1 3 Woodinville 1 1 Cedar River Water & Sewer District 1 4 5 Coal Creak Utility District 1 1 2 Covington Water District 1 1 2 King County Water District #19 (Vashon) 0 King County Water District #20 (Burien) 0 King County Water District #90 (East Renton) 2 2 King County Water District #125 (Tukwila) 1 1 2 Midway Sewer District 3 3 North City Water District 5 2 1 8 Northeast Sammamish Sewer and Water District 1 1 2 Renton School District 0 Riverview School District 1 1 2 Sammamish Plateau Water District 1 2 3 Shoreline School District 0 Seattle Housing Authority 1 1 Skyway Water and Sewer District 1 2 5 1 9 Soos Creek Water and Sewer District 1 4 5 South King County Fire and Rescue 0 1 1 AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 2: Planning Process 2-10 Jurisdiction Ki c k o f f M e e t i n g St e e r i n g Co m m i t t e e An n e x Wo r k s h o p s Ri s k A s s e s s m e n t Wo r k s h o p Qu a r t e r l y E M Me e t i n g Zo n e M e e t i n g Pr e s e n t a t i o n Co - Ho s t Ta b l i n g Ev e n t s To t a l Valley Regional Fire Authority 0 Vashon Island Fire and Rescue 0 Woodinville Water District 1 2 3 Grand Total 23 42 53 8 7 7 2 Individual jurisdiction annexes were developed in partnership with King County, but with separate internal steering committees. The members of each jurisdiction’s steering committee are documented in each annex. Jurisdictions may join the regional hazard mitigation plan at any time by submitting a letter of intent to King County Emergency Management and completing the planning process and plan template. Each plan can be unique, and jurisdictions may do more than what is required in the template; however, this template is designed to help walk communities through the planning process in an accessible way. King County staff will provide technical assistance to planning partners, whenever possible. The Core Planning Team hosted regular workshops for participating jurisdictions and special districts to go through FEMA requirements for their RHMP annex. These workshops were held on June 7th, June 14th, June 20th, July 11th, July 19th, and July 25th. There were over 50 attendees for the combined six workshops. Further support was offered to those seeking to apply for grant funding for their mitigation strategies. Following the submission of the base plan in October 2025, King County will begin a second stage of outreach targeting those jurisdictions who missed the original submission deadline and those who were not previously involved. Among the second group, school districts will be proactively engaged and offered assistance in developing annexes to the hazard mitigation plan. 2.4 Timeline The following timeline outlines key events and milestones for King County in the Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Update. The planning process officially began in December 2023 and workshop, open to all planning partners. Following the kickoff, the Core Planning Team successfully facilitated 9 steering committee meetings, 6 planning workshops for jurisdictions annexing onto the plan, and engaged with over 60 subject matter experts to ensure a comprehensive and collaborative approach to the plan’s development. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 2: Planning Process 2-11 Table 2-4 Plan update timeline PLANNING ACTIVITY DATE SUMMARY ATTENDEES Plan Kickoff Dec 2023 Conduct a kickoff meeting for the planning process, including discussions of expectations and the project timeline. Designated county, city, and special district staff who are leading local plan updates Steering Committee Meeting Kickoff Feb 2024 Outline proposed planning process and timeline and approve plan and plan annex templates. Steering committee Outreach Strategy Meeting Feb 2024 Meet with staff to identify outreach strategy KCOEM staff Steering Committee Meeting Mar 2024 Identify public outreach sites and strategy Steering committee Steering Committee Meeting Apr 2024 Integrating equity and social justice into the mitigation plan. Steering committee Steering Committee Meeting May 2024 Integrating equity and social justice into the mitigation plan. Steering committee Annex Workshop June 2024 Hosted 3 workshops the month of June to review the planning process and help local partners on mitigation planning questions local jurisdiction partners EMCC Meeting June 2024 Mitigation strategy meeting discussions and identify points of contact in each agency County departments Steering Committee Meeting June 2024 Establish plan goals, priorities, and strategy prioritization method Steering committee Annex Workshop July 2024 Hosted 3 workshops the month of July to review the planning local jurisdiction partners AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 2: Planning Process 2-12 process and help local partners on mitigation planning questions Steering Committee Meeting July 2024 Establish plan goals, priorities, and strategy prioritization method Steering committee Wildfire Strategy and Community Preparedness Discussion July 2024 Discuss planning process, community outreach, funding opportunities, and mitigation strategies Residents of North Bend, KC community members, local partners Hazard Mitigation Workshop July 2024 Work through the entire strategy development process from risk identification to mitigation projects. County and local partners Steering Committee Meeting Aug 2024 Review mitigation capabilities Steering committee Mitigation Funding Workshop Aug 2024 Work through process of developing a successful hazard mitigation grant application County and local partners Risk Assessment Workshop Sept 2024 Review risk and vulnerability assessments Subject matter experts Steering Committee Meeting Oct 2024 Review base plan and King County mitigation strategies Steering committee County Departments Strategy Coordination Nov 2024 Meet with King County departments to go over all the mitigation strategies, eliminate gaps, and ensure consistent priorities. County departments, including OEM, FMD, DNRP, PHSKC, KCIT, DES. Steering Committee Meeting Nov 2024 Review draft base plan Steering committee Mitigation Strategy Meetings Dec 2024 Meet with internal planning partners (county departments) DNRP, PHSKC, ECO, FMD AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 2: Planning Process 2-13 to develop mitigation strategies. Steering Committee Meeting Jan 2025 Review draft base plan Steering committee Submit to WA EMD and FEMA Feb 2024 Submit full mitigation plan to FEMA for review Planning Team Plan Adoption Sept 2025 King County Council vote to approve plan King County Council Plan Approval Oct 2025 FEMA plan approval FEMA Region 10 2.5 Outreach and Engagement King County Office of Emergency Management (KCOEM) led an extensive public outreach campaign to gain public input for the RHMP. KCOEM uses public input to help prioritize which strategies listed in this plan should be implemented. The campaign included partnering with jurisdictions and community-based organizations to engage the public both through an online public survey and in- person tabling events. 2.5.1 Public Survey The online survey was run from June 2024 to November 2024. It conducted on the platform “PublicInput” and saw a total 135 participants from all over the county. The top hazards listed were earthquake, extreme weather, and wildfire (including smoke impacts). To maximize outreach, the survey was promoted through the King County Emergency Blog and Department of Executive Services newsletters, advertised on the KCOEM Instagram page, and featured on the King County website banner. Additionally, printed copies of the survey were distributed at tabling events, community meetings, and shared with partners, jurisdictions, and entities involved in the planning process. Survey questions include: 1. Where do you live? 2. What top three hazards are you most concerned about? 3. If your city had $1,000,000 to make your community safer from disasters, what would you spend it on? 4. If your city had $10,000 to make your community safer from disasters, what would you spend it on? AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 2: Planning Process 2-14 Figure 2-1 King County hazard survey flyer AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 2: Planning Process 2-15 Figure 2-2 King County public survey results on top hazard concerns In addition, on September 19, 2024, KCEOM conducted its semiannual Alert King County test and survey to opt in members of the Alert King County System. One of the survey questions asked participants, “What are the top three King County Hazards you are most concerned about?” The survey saw 1194 responses and the top three hazards were: 1. Earthquake 2. Extreme Weather and 3. Cyber Incident. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 2: Planning Process 2-16 Figure 2-3 Alert King County survey results on hazard concerns 2.5.2 Tabling events Figure 2-4 Public outreach tabling event in Kent, WA KCOEM attended 34 community events across the county with approximately 3000 attendees (see Table 2-4). At the events, we presented the survey using an interactive poster (see Figure 2-5). Attendees were invited to place dotted stickers on the locations where they live and on the hazards they were most concerned about. We also provided sticky notes for participants to write down actions they’d AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 2: Planning Process 2-17 like to see taken to mitigate these hazards. For children, we offered a spinning wheel featuring trivia questions on hazards and emergency preparedness to engage them in a fun and educational way. These tabling events received input from over 700 community members in total, requesting information on which hazards they are most concerned about in their communities. Wildfire emerged as a top hazard in the more rural areas of North Bend and Black Diamond, whereas earthquake was the top hazard in the more urban areas of Seattle, Tukwila, and Des Moines. Community members in Redmond cited cyber incident as their top concern. Many residents also shared personal stories of past events that left them vulnerable. For example, during snow and ice storms, Skyway residents often find themselves unable to travel due to the area’s hilly terrain. This isolation is compounded by limited resources including the community only having one grocery store on the hilltop and one bus line that runs through the area. This makes access to food and services challenging, particularly during severe weather events. Table 2-5 Public outreach tabling events, May 2024 – November 2024 Date Event Jurisdiction Attendees May 4, 2024 Pacific Islander Cultural Festival Seattle 80-100 May 8, 2024 Skyway Public Library Resource Fair Skyway 20 May 10, 2024 Auburn Valley Cities Resource Fair Tabling Auburn 35 May 20, 2024 Chinese Cultural Festival Seattle 150-200 May 29, 2024 Wildland Fire and Touch a Truck Black Diamond 200 June 6, 2024 White Center Heights STEAM Carnival White Center 80-100 June 15, 2024 Skykomish Tunnel Days Skykomish 25 July 27, 2024 Community Resource Fair Kent 60 July 30, 2024 Legislative Branch Picnic Redmond 60 July 30, 2024 Des Moines Block Party Des Moines 30 July 31, 2024 Marymoor - Movies in the Park/Go Green Night Redmond 50 August 6, 2024 National Night Out Carnation 55 August 6, 2024 National Night Out Milton 100 August 14, 2024 Akin Children's Resource and Back to School Kent 250 August 17, 2024 Skyway Health and Safety Fair Skyway 40 August 17, 2024 Redmond Ridge Summer Festival Redmond 150 August 26, 2024 Covington Wildfire Town Hall Covington 70 September 12, 2024 Uwajimaya Seattle Seattle 60 September 13, 2024 Uwajimaya Renton Renton 100 September 14, 2024 Sammamish Emergency Preparedness Fair Sammamish 70 AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 2: Planning Process 2-18 September 14, 2024 NEMCo Preparedness Fair Lake Forest Park 70 September 14, 2024 Maple Valley fire open house Maple Valley 115 September 21, 2024 Love Train Community Block Party Skyway 40 September 21, 2024 China Town Night Market Seattle 100 September 26, 2024 Uwajimaya Bellevue Bellevue 150 September 28, 2024 Carnation Be Dam Ready Evacuation Drill Carnation 15 September 28, 2014 Maple Valley Emergency Preparedness Fair Maple Valley 150 October 9, 2024 Highline College Resource Fair Des Moines 200 October 11, 2024 Mother Africa Health and Wellness Fair Kent 100 October 27, 2024 Skyway Farmers Market Skyway 35 November 4, 2024 Muckleshoot Casino Resort Safety and Benefits Fair Muckleshoot 200 November 13, 2024 Liberty Square Community Resource Fair Renton 20 November 21, 2024 City of Carnation Open House Carnation 10 AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 2: Planning Process 2-19 Figure 2-5 Tabling event poster for public engagement 2.5.3 Continued Outreach King County and its partner cities already maintains substantial public outreach capabilities, focusing on personal preparedness and education. Information on ongoing progress in implementing the hazard mitigation plan will be integrated into public outreach efforts. In the vertical integration of risk-reduction activities from personal to local to state and federal, it is important that the public understand how its activities support, and are supported by, larger-scale efforts. The Core Planning Team will also continue to work with media and other agency partners to publicize mitigation success stories and help explain how we are safeguarding communities from the risk of hazard events. When possible, public tours of successfully completed mitigation projects will be organized to allow community members to see successful mitigation in action. 2.6 Plan Integration When plans and planning processes are more integrated, it is possible to achieve greater impact through clearer definition, smarter investment, partnerships, and innovation. Successful integration requires coordination between planning efforts and, especially, cross-participation in planning processes. The goals of plan integration are to: AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 2: Planning Process 2-20 • Ensure consistency with jurisdiction priorities across all planning processes • Leverage opportunities to further multi-benefit initiatives that are supported by multiple planning processes • Achieve common measures of success for outcomes The hazard mitigation plan can benefit from integration with planning processes that: • Prioritize and invest in infrastructure • Regulate development • Set strategic direction for programs To other planning processes, the hazard mitigation plan brings risk and vulnerability information to help prioritize projects and set development standards or regulations. The mitigation plan also comes with potential funding for investments in cost-effective risk-reduction projects. On the other hand, the mitigation plan depends on other plans and processes to implement many strategies. Since the mitigation plan is not itself a regulatory or budgetary document, strategies identified in the mitigation plan are often best implemented through those processes or programs. The Core Planning Team leveraged a number of existing and ongoing planning processes and other documents, integrating data and strategies from state, regional, and county plans. This approach ensures alignment of priorities, synchronization of actions, and reduction of silos across jurisdictions. By coordinating hazard mitigation efforts at the regional and county levels, it is possible to address widespread hazards more effectively. Furthermore, by identifying common goals, there can be joint funding initiatives, sharing of resources, and coordinated efforts in implementing mitigation strategies. More information can be found in the Program Capabilities chapter of this plan. • 2024 King County Comprehensive Plan • 2024 King County Flood Management Plan • Public Health - Seattle & King County 2024-2029 Strategic Plan • 2023 Washington State Enhanced Hazard Mitigation Plan • 2023 Hazardous Materials Response Plan • Puget Sound Regional Council’s Vision 2050 • 2022 KC Wildfire Risk Reduction Strategy • 2022 Washington Geological Survey: • 2022 Washington Geological Survey: Tsunami Inundation, Current Speeds, and Arrival Times Simulated from a Large Seattle Fault Earthquake Scenario • 2020 King County Strategic Climate Action Plan (SCAP) • 2020-2025 KC Clean Water Healthy Habitat Strategic Plan • 2019 King County Dam Inventory from the Washington State Department of Ecology • 2017 Dam Safety Gap Analysis Report • King County Equity and Social Justice Strategic Plan, 2016-2022 AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 2: Planning Process 2-21 • 2016 Mapping of Potential Landslide Hazards along the River Corridors of King County, Washington Furthermore, the RHMP will help inform plans and strategies put together by KCOEM including Prevention Protection Plan, Response Plan, Recovery Plan, and the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP). AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 3: Community Profile 3-1 Chapter 3: Community Profile 3.1 Geography King County is located in western Washington, bordered by Snohomish County to the north, Pierce County to the south, and Kittitas County to the east. Its topography is incredibly varied, ranging from sea level along the Puget Sound in the west to mountain peaks approaching 8,000 feet in the Cascade Range to the east. The county’s human geography reflects this natural diversity, with densely populated urban areas along Puget Sound, suburban neighborhoods east of Lake Washington, rural communities to the southeast, and remote towns nestled in the Cascade foothills. King County is home to 39 cities and towns, and two tribal nations Muckleshoot and Snoqualmie Tribe. Seattle, the county seat, is Washington state's largest city and serves as the cultural and economic hub of the region. King County is both the most populous county in the state and the most densely populated, ranking 12th largest in the nation. Figure 3-1 King County geography AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 3: Community Profile 3-2 3.2 Climate The Puget Sound and Cascade Range plays a key role in shaping its climate. The region is heavily influenced by maritime atmospheric conditions, with the mountains acting as natural barriers trapping in moisture. As moist air is forced upward by the Cascades, it cools and condenses, leading to heavy precipitation on the windward side of the mountains. In addition to its natural climate influences, the region is home to numerous urban centers and transportation networks that feature impermeable surfaces, which contribute to the urban heat island effect. 3.3 History King County is a part of a larger area that has been the traditional aboriginal territory of the Coast Salish peoples, who continue to live around the Salish Sea in what is now Washington State and the Canadian province of British Columbia. These sovereign tribal nations enrich the region through environmental stewardship, cultural heritage, and economic development.1 Before European-American settlers arrived, the region’s economy and culture were sustained by the Coast Salish peoples through practices like hunting, freshwater and saltwater fishing, and gathering plants for food and medicine. Waterways served as the primary means of transportation, fostering interconnectedness and commerce. European-American settlement of the area now known as King County began in the 1840s. Natural resources – especially timber – played a major role in King County’s early history. Maritime trade spurred the development and growth of Seattle, which was established in 1869. Seattle became an important stopping point for those hoping to prospect for gold in Alaska and the Yukon Territory at the close of the 19th century.2 In the 20th century, communities in King County were profoundly shaped by discriminatory practices, particularly in housing and employment. All minority groups in Seattle faced various forms of discrimination, including geographic segregation, inequitable access to jobs, and housing discrimination. Seattle’s redlining practices, in particular, exacerbated racial and economic 1 Metropolitan King County Council, “King County Comprehensive Plan” (December 2024): https://kingcounty.gov/en/dept/council/governance-leadership/county-council/useful-links/comprehensive- plan/2024 2 Anneliese Vance-Sherman, Ph.D., “King County profile” Washington Employment Security Department (May 2022): p 1, https://esd.wa.gov/media/pdf/952/king20county20profile202022pdf/download?inline#:~:text=The%20county's% 20median%20household%20income,the%20state%20at%209.8%20percent. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 3: Community Profile 3-3 segregation, leaving neighborhoods like the Central District to suffer long-term disinvestment, declining property values, and substandard housing quality.3 The legacy of redlining continues to shape the built environment and ongoing inequalities in the region. Communities of color still face limited access to critical resources like education, healthcare, and job opportunities. Additionally, these neighborhoods often experience heightened exposure to environmental hazards, such as flooding, pollution, and the impacts of earthquakes. 3.4 Population Table 3-1 2023 King County Demographics4 King County’s population has increased by approximately 17 percent from 2010 to 2023. Since 2020, the population has grown by an average of 1,675 people annually, or 0.1%, a significant slowdown compared to the 1.1% average annual increase from 2017 to 2020. The slowdown in population growth is primarily due to fewer people are being born in King County than before, and more people have been leaving the area than moving in. Most of King County's residents are of working age, with the largest share of residents (17 percent) being 30 to 39 years old. Approximately 20 percent (449,242) of King County's population is 17 years old or younger. Unincorporated King County residents are older on average than King County residents. The per capita income in King County exceeds $72,000, while the median household income is over $120,000. Income distribution is varied, with 20% of the population earning less than $50,000, 22% earning between $50,000 and $100,000, 29% earning between $100,000 and $200,000, and 29% earning over $200,000. While the data shows King County to be overall affluence, a significant portion of low-income households 3 City of Seattle, “Redlining in Seattle” Seattle Municipal Archives (n.d.): https://www.seattle.gov/cityarchives/exhibits-and-education/online-exhibits/redlining-in-seattle 4 US Census Bureau, “DP02: Selected Social Characteristics”, “DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics”, DP04: Selected Housing Characteristics”, “DP05: ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates” American Community Survey (2023) King County King County Estimate Total population 2,271,380 Under 5 years 5.0% Median age (years) 37.7 Under 18 years 19.1% 65 years and over 14.5% Male 50.6% Female 49.4% Owner-occupied 55.6% Renter-occupied 44.4% Gross Rent Median (dollars) $ 2,043 Average household size 2.35 Median household income (dollars) $120,824 Per capita income (dollars) $72,488 High school graduate or higher 94.1% Bachelor's degree or higher 58.3% Employed 67.8% Unemployment 3.0% AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 3: Community Profile 3-4 face substantial housing challenges. In 2023, 70% of low-income households in King County spent more than 30% of their income on housing.5 This financial strain makes it difficult for these households to afford other essential needs, such as food, healthcare, and transportation. Figure 3-2 2020 US Decennial Census, King County Race and ethnicity Data Figure 3-2 shows King County’s 2020 Decennial Census data on race and ethnicity. Between 2010 and 2020, King County saw significant increases in racial diversity, particularly large growth in the Asian (60 percent) and Hispanic/Latino community (41 percent). Communities that saw a decline in population include White (1.6 percent) and American Indian/Alaskan Native population (8.7 percent). It’s important to note that U.S. Census has historically faced challenges when it comes to accurately capturing Native American populations, especially those living on reservations. Vulnerable Populations and Population-Based Vulnerability Population vulnerability (or social vulnerability) measures factors that theoretically increase the likelihood of a population to suffer more losses during disasters or recover more slowly after being impacted. There is a growing body of work on this kind of vulnerability; however, how the data is reported can obscure the root causes of vulnerability when converted into an index or score. Knowing the root causes of vulnerability and how those vulnerabilities contribute to losses during disasters is critical for hazard mitigation professionals since each cause may require a unique strategy to address. For example, if the vulnerability results from language differences, then this can be addressed with robust translation and outreach services. Communities that consider population-based vulnerability and social justice, often do it as an overlay – examining the impacts of a proposed project on vulnerable populations, for example, after the project has already been prioritized or mapping the location of vulnerable populations in accordance with some composite score and institutionally-defined definition of vulnerability. It is 5 King County, “Regional Affordable Housing Dashboard” (November 2024): https://kingcounty.gov/en/dept/dchs/human-social-services/housing-homeless-services/affordable-housing- committee/regional-affordable-housing-dashboard White 54% Black, African American 6% American Indian, Alaska Native 0% Asian 20% Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander 1% Other Race 1% Two or More Races 7% Hispanic, Latino 11% AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 3: Community Profile 3-5 unclear if mapping alone, if awareness alone, has had much impact on where the bulk of resources are directed. For this analysis, we examine the best available data of factors that have been found to lead to increased losses or recovery times following hazard events. This is to establish areas with different kinds of heightened vulnerability. We then overlay data on race, ethnicity, and income. This is to establish where equity may be a concern, where causes of vulnerability overlap with historically underrepresented minority populations. Determinants of Population Vulnerability Factors that were identified through research and by the planning team as critical determinants of vulnerability. However, Good data at the appropriate scale was not available for all the below factors. Maps of a selection of these factors, along with priority hazard areas, follow the list of variables. Population factors (population-based measures) •Home Ownership Status •Age •Unemployment, Income •Wealth, Access and Functional Needs/Disability •Dependence on public transportation •Language other than English spoken at home •No health insurance •Hazard insurance coverage •Minimum wage employment/service sector employment, •Families with dependents •Living in poverty •Crime rate •Years of schooling completed Accessibility & capital factors (access/infrastructure meaures/ social capital) •Access to services •Quality of public facilities •Access to phone + internet •Average age of housing •Average commute time/distance to work •Per capita government spending •Neighborhood engagement Meta-factors (Determinants of equity) •Race, ethnicity •Age •Income •Immigrant, refugee status AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 3: Community Profile 3-6 The following maps are gathered from FEMA’s Resilience Analysis and Planning Tool (RAPT) with quantitative insight from the 2023 US Census American Community Survey 1-Year estimates. They illustrate several of the above variables associated with greater hazard risk along with high hazard areas and non-white populations. This is just a selection of potential variables and illustrates how high-hazard areas, factors associated with hazard risk, and communities of color or with higher rates of disability may overlap. The highest population-risk areas in King County tend to be areas south of Seattle in the Green River Valley. These areas also are areas with the highest hazard risk. Investments that target critical public infrastructure and support structures in these communities would likely have the best cost-benefit ratio. Investments in these areas would have the added benefit of also promoting more equitable access to high-quality infrastructure and services for populations historically underserved by public investment. People with access and functional needs/disabilities 10.5% Concentrated populations in Kent, Algona, Pacific, Renton, Shoreline, and Kenmore. These individuals may require additional support in areas such as mobility, communication, or daily living activities. Limited English 11% Residing primarily in Bellevue, Newcastle, Renton, Federal Way, Burien, and Seattle. Limited English proficiency can affect individuals’ ability to access essential services such as healthcare, education, and employment opportunities. This population includes immigrants, refugees, and non-native English speakers who may face language barriers in navigating day-to-day life, emphasizing the need for culturally competent services and language assistance programs in these areas. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 3: Community Profile 3-7 No high school diploma Trend is shown in south Seattle, Tukwila, SeaTac, Des Moines, Algona, and Auburn. This demographic often faces greater barriers to employment and economic mobility. Lack of a high school diploma can limit access to better- paying jobs and higher education opportunities, contributing to socioeconomic disparities in these communities. Don’t own a vehicle 11.9% Higher concentration in Seattle, Renton, Kent, and Auburn. While the city of Seattle has a robust transit network, cities such as Renton, Kent, and Auburn are more limited and would require connections to the Sound Transit Light Rail, or train stations (connecting to Sound transit buses or the Sounder commuter rail) to better connect to the region. Lack of vehicle ownership can limit access to job opportunities, healthcare, education, and essential services, particularly in areas with limited public transportation options. Below the poverty line 8.8% of individuals, 10.8% of children under 18 years old, 5.1% of families are living below the poverty line. Those facing these economic challenges experience a higher cost burden which can limit their access to education, healthcare, housing and food security. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 3: Community Profile 3-8 No health insurance coverage 4.9% Primarily reported with people who reside in South King County, lack of health insurance can result in individuals delaying or avoiding necessary medical care, which may lead to worsened health outcomes and higher costs in the long term. Unemployment 3% Seen in communities such as Vashon, Skykomish, and Redmond. This can be the result of a lack of diverse work opportunities. Unemployment can pose several risks to individuals, families, and communities. These risks extend beyond financial instability and can have long-term effects on health, mental well- being, and overall societal outcomes. The results from this analysis will be used to promote more effective, equitable disaster mitigation, response, and recovery by identifying key vulnerabilities and areas that may require additional investment. This analysis will also help identify areas where public infrastructure is older or less resilient, or where hazard risk is greater, so that additional investments can be targeted in those areas. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 3: Community Profile 3-9 3.5 Economy Figure 3-3 2023 US Census data, King County Industries Throughout the 1990s, the county underwent extraordinary gains in employment, population and wages. Despite the county’s increasing cost of living, especially in housing, the high-tech job boom lured well-educated newcomers to the area; a pattern that has continued to the present day. King County continues to hold a strong national reputation as a hub for information technology development.6 King County is culturally diverse and aims to be a place where people from a variety of backgrounds can feel at home. The geographic orientation of King County on the Pacific Rim and the presence of an active natural deep- water port reinforce strong economic ties to East Asian markets. In 2008, King County nonfarm employment reached a peak in excess of 1.2 million jobs before joining the rest of the nation in recession. Job growth was strong and stable from 2010 to 2019. Total nonfarm employment in King County climbed to nearly 1.47 million over the long economic expansion. The pandemic-induced recession of 2020 interrupted the long arc of local employment growth. From February to April 2020, total nonfarm employment plummeted by about 166,600 jobs – more than 11.0 percent. Total employment since April 2020 has shown remarkable recovery, with a great deal of variation by industry. Total employment continues to expand. As of March 2022 (preliminary), businesses located in King County collectively supplied nearly 1.46 million jobs – about 10,000 shy of pre-pandemic levels. King County is characterized by a diverse economy. Major industry sectors in King County supplying 6 Anneliese Vance-Sherman, Ph.D., “King County profile” Washington Employment Security Department (May 2022): p 2, https://esd.wa.gov/media/pdf/952/king20county20profile202022pdf/download?inline#:~:text=The%20county's% 20median%20household%20income,the%20state%20at%209.8%20percent. Management, Business, Science, and Arts 59% Service 13% Sales and Office 15% Natural Resources, Construction, and Maintenance 5% Production, Transportation, and Material Moving 8% AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 3: Community Profile 3-10 more than 100,000 estimated jobs in 2021 include professional and business services, education and health services, retail trade, government, information, and leisure and hospitality. Prior to the pandemic-induced recession of 2020, King County was well-situated, with long-term growth observed in all major industry sectors. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted all industries at a local level, with employment patterns varying substantially from one industry to the next. Leisure and hospitality lost the largest number of jobs of any sector (65,100 jobs from February to May, not seasonally adjusted). As of March 2022, this set of industries was still down 44,000 jobs or about 30 percent. At the other end of the continuum, industries such as information and professional and business services, maintained or even expanded employment levels, even early on, insulated by the ability to establish telecommuting arrangements for their workforces. King County’s information sector added 700 jobs during the initial months of the pandemic. As of March 2022, employment in the information sector was 15,500 above the level observed in March 2020. Comparing March 2022 against March 2020, the following industries have fully recovered or expanded total employment: professional and business services (up 15,600 jobs), information (up 15,500 jobs) retail trade (up 9,000 jobs), financial activities (up 4,000 jobs), and construction (up 1,400 jobs). Referencing the same time frame, the following industries have yet to recover the number of jobs lost in the pandemic recession: leisure and hospitality (down 19,400 jobs), manufacturing (down 9,900 jobs), government (down 9,200 jobs), other services (down 8,600), wholesale trade (down 3,700 jobs), transportation, education and health services (down 2,800 jobs), and warehousing and utilities (down 1,400 jobs). 3.6 Development Trends Over the past decade, King County saw steady population growth, particularly in Seattle and its surrounding cities including Bothell, Kent, Renton, Shoreline, Lynnwood, Redmond, SeaTac. The demand for housing close to transit hubs, job centers, and amenities spurred the construction of high-rise apartments and condominiums in downtown Seattle and other urban areas. The Washington State Office of Financial Management projects that King County's population will grow by 24.6%, reaching 2,887,137 people by 2044. In contrast, the population of unincorporated King County is expected to grow more slowly, increasing by 7.3% to 266,301 people by 2044. As demand for housing increased, King County also faced challenges with affordability. Housing prices surged, especially in Seattle, due to high demand, limited supply, and low interest rates. Many residents moved further out from the city center, due to rising costs in Seattle, leading to increased development in suburban areas like Bothell, Renton, Shoreline, and Kent. There was a notable shift toward suburban apartments, townhomes, and single-family homes that catered to those seeking more affordable living options. To accommodate the housing needs of both current and future residents, King County is required by the Growth Management Act and the Countywide Planning Policies to plan for housing that serves a range of income levels, from moderate to AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 3: Community Profile 3-11 extremely low-income households. This includes provisions for emergency housing, shelters, and permanent supportive housing. By 2044, urban unincorporated King County will need an additional 5,412 housing units, along with 1,034 new emergency housing beds to meet short-term housing needs.7 The 2024 King County Comprehensive Plan Maintaining the urban growth boundaries and developing within this area. The plan focuses on maintaining urban growth boundaries and encouraging development within these areas. Zoning updates will expand middle housing options, such as duplexes and triplexes, and offer increased incentives for affordable housing. It will also address temporary farmworker housing needs. Environmental protections are part of the plan, with policies aimed at promoting green energy, climate action, and improving infrastructure resilience against flooding and wildfires. 7 Metropolitan King County Council, “King County Comprehensive Plan” (December 2024): https://kingcounty.gov/en/dept/council/governance-leadership/county-council/useful-links/comprehensive- plan/2024 AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 4: Risk Assessment Overview 4-1 Chapter 4: Risk Assessment Overview 4.1 Overview The King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan identifies 14 hazards, including 8 natural hazards and 6 human-induced threats. The list of hazards was developed through an examination of the previous RHMP, local hazard mitigation plans, and hazard events in the last five years. The list was cross referenced with FEMA’s National Risk Index (NRI), a tool that assesses natural hazards and community risk factors. Based on insights from these sources and recent trends in hazard events, we retained the same list of hazards from the 2020 plan. Natural Hazards Human-Induced Hazards Avalanche Earthquake Civil Disturbance Cyber Incident Dam Failure Hazardous Materials Health Incidents Terrorism Flood Landslide Severe Weather Flood Volcano Wildfire AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 4: Risk Assessment Overview 4-2 A risk assessment was conducted with subject matter experts for each hazard. Risk assessment is the process of measuring the potential loss of life, personal injury, economic injury, and property damage resulting from hazards. Risk profile structure • Description: This section provides clear, concise definitions of the specific hazard being assessed. It includes scientific and technical terms related to the hazard and its characteristics, ensuring a shared understanding for all stakeholders involved. • Location: This section identifies and outlines geographical regions that are particularly vulnerable to the hazard. It highlights areas that are more likely to experience higher levels of risk based on historical data, topography, weather patterns, and other relevant factors. • Magnitude: This defines the scale of the hazard’s potential effects. For example, in the case of an earthquake, magnitude might be measured by the Richter scale, or in a flood, it could be measured by the depth of inundation or the amount of rainfall. This provides a basis for understanding how severe the hazard could be in terms of its physical, economic, and social impact. • Previous Occurrences: This section provides a historical record of previous occurrences of the hazard in the area. It includes dates, locations, and the severity of past events, offering valuable insights into the frequency and extent of the hazard, as well as the impacts on people, property, and infrastructure. • Probability of Future Occurrences: This section forecasts the likelihood of the hazard occurring in the future. It may include statistical probabilities based on historical data, trends, and modeling. • Climate Change Considerations: This section examines how climate change might influence the frequency, intensity, or characteristics of the hazard. • Impact Assessment: This section evaluates the specific consequences of the hazard on various sectors, using a structured table format. • Vulnerability Assessment: This section outlines the vulnerabilities in different sectors. It identifies which groups or resources are most at risk and why. Stats and Specifics on What Is at Risk: Specific data, such as population demographics, infrastructure condition, or environmental features, are included here. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 4: Risk Assessment Overview 4-3 4.2 Methodology Table 4-1 Hazard risk assessment methodology The Core Planning Team developed a risk matrix to assess hazards, their impacts on county assets, and the vulnerabilities of these assets across various dimensions (see Table 4-1). The purpose of this risk assessment is to identify which hazards pose the greatest risk and which areas and assets are most vulnerable. The matrix incorporates Emergency Management Accreditation Program (EMAP) standards to quantify the hazard impacts on county assets and assess their vulnerability. It provides a snapshot of each hazard’s impact and is complemented with qualitative insight to guide mitigation action. It contains key details to enable emergency managers to plan for and responding to disasters effectively. The matrix is broken up into three categories that equate to total risk. Risk depends on all three factors: the hazard that can cause damage, exposure to the hazard and the vulnerability of the exposed population. Risk is the estimated impact that a hazard would have on people, services, facilities, and structures in a community. It refers to the likelihood of a hazard event resulting in an adverse condition that causes injury or damage. HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENT Risk = Hazard (Severity) x Impact (Exposure) x Vulnerability (Susceptibility) Location Ha z a r d Probability Extent/Magnitude Public Im p a c t Responders Continuity of Operations (COO) Property, Facilities, and Infrastructure (PFI) Environment Economy Public Confidence in Governance (PCG) Vulnerable Population Vu l n e r a b i l i t y Property Environment Operations People Ri s k Property Environment Operations Overall Risk Measurement 1 Low 2 Moderate 3 High 4 Very High AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 4: Risk Assessment Overview 4-4 4.2.1 Hazard Assessment A hazard is an act or phenomenon that has the potential to produce harm or other undesirable consequences to a person or thing. Hazards exist with or without the presence of people and land development. Earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, and other geological and meteorological events have been occurring for a very long time, and the natural environment adapted to their impacts. Hazard identification is the process of identifying hazards that threaten a given area. The likelihood and severity of the 14 hazards were measured in the following ways. • Location – The percentage of the people and property within the planning area impacted by the event, and the degree to which they are impacted. LOCATION 1 - Negligible 2 - Limited 3 – Critical 4 - Catastrophic Less than 10% - Few if any injuries or illness. Minor quality of life lost with little or no property damage. Brief interruption of essential facilities and services for less than four hours. 10-24% - minor injuries and illness. Minor, short term property damage that does not threaten structural stability. Shutdown of essential facilities and services for 4 to 24 hours. 25-49% - Serious injury and illness. Major or long-term property damage, that threatens structural stability. Shutdown of essential facilities and services for 24 to 72 hours. More than 50% - Multiple deaths. Property destroyed or damaged beyond repair. Complete shutdown of essential facilities and services for 3 days or more. • Probability – Probability of a hazard event occurring in the future was assessed based on the number of times the hazard event occurred divided by the period of record. If the hazard lacked a definitive historical record, the probability was assessed qualitatively based on regional history and other contributing factors. PROBABILITY 1 - Unlikely 2 - Possible 3 – Likely 4 - Highly Likely Less than 1% probability in the next 100 years. Between 1% and 10% probability in the next year, or at least one chance in the next 100 years. between 10% and 100% probability in the next year, or at least one chance in the next 10 years. Greater than 1 event per year (frequency greater than 1). • Extent/Magnitude – Magnitude measures the strength of a hazard event. It was calculated for each hazard using available property damage data using the following equation: Property Damage / Number of Incidents) / $ of Building Stock Exposure = Magnitude. In some cases, the HAZUS model provided specific people/dollar impact data. For other hazards, a GIS exposure analysis was conducted. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 4: Risk Assessment Overview 4-5 EXTENT/MAGNITUDE 1 - Negligible 2 - Limited 3 – Critical 4 - Catastrophic Less than 5% - Very minor impact to people, property, economy, and continuity of government at 90%. 6-24% - Injuries or illnesses minor in nature, with only slight property damage and minimal loss associated with economic impact; continuity of government only slightly impacted, with 80% functionality. 25-49% - Injuries result in some permanent disability; 25-49% of the population impacted; moderate property damage; moderate impact to economy, with loss of revenue and facility impact; government at 50% operational capacity with service disruption more than one week, but less than a month. More than 50% - Injuries and illness resulting in permanent disability and death to more than 50% of the population; severe property damage greater than 50%; economy significantly impacted as a result of loss of buildings, content, inventory; government significantly impacted; limited services provided, with disruption anticipated to last beyond one month. 4.2.2 Impact Assessment The impact assessment examines seven key types of county assets located with a hazard area, incorporating both asset exposure and event magnitude to determine the overall impact. These assets are identified by the Emergency Management Accreditation Program (EMAP) consequence analysis for the hazards specified in Standard 4.1.1. • Public: The impact on public health and safety is gauged by the number of people exposed and the magnitude of the hazard. A low-impact scenario involves minimal health and safety concerns, leading to minor inconveniences or temporary disruptions. In contrast, a very high-impact event can cause extensive health issues, significant fatalities, and severe public safety disruptions, potentially overwhelming healthcare systems and necessitating extensive emergency responses. • Responders: The impact on emergency services - including fire, police, and EMS – is determined by the number of emergency requests and the magnitude of the event, which influences response times and resource allocation. A low impact would involve minor delays or disruptions with manageable resource demands. In a very high impact scenario, AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 4: Risk Assessment Overview 4-6 responders face severe delays, overwhelming resource demands, and may struggle to provide adequate emergency services. • Continuity of Operations (COO): This includes the operational stability of King County government functions, assessing disruptions and their effects on essential services and processes. A low impact involves minor disruptions with manageable effects on essential services and processes. A very high impact entails severe and widespread disruptions, potentially leading to a complete breakdown in essential services and prolonged recovery periods. • Property, Facilities, and Infrastructure (PFI): The impact on private property includes damage to housing, critical infrastructure, roadways, and utilities. Low impact means minimal damage or inconvenience to property with little long-term effect. Very high impact results in severe and widespread damage to properties and infrastructure, causing significant financial losses and prolonged recovery. • Environment: Hazards can affect natural resources, including wildlife, vegetation, and ecosystems, leading to changes in landscapes, waterways, and environmental systems. A low impact involves minor environmental changes with negligible effects on wildlife and natural systems. A very high impact indicates severe and widespread environmental destruction with long-term effects on natural resources, wildlife, and ecosystems, requiring substantial recovery and restoration efforts. • Economy: Economic impacts encompass disruptions to business operations and economic assets, affecting overall financial stability. A low impact entails minimal disruption to business operations and economic assets with minor financial effects. Very high impact signifies severe and widespread economic disruption with major financial losses, potentially leading to long-term economic instability and extended recovery periods. • Public Confidence in Governance (PCG): The perception of government effectiveness during and after a hazard event can influence public trust and confidence in emergency preparedness and response efforts. A low impact involves minor concerns about government response with little effect on overall public trust. A very high impact entails a severe loss of public confidence and trust in government, potentially leading to widespread criticism and long-term reputational damage. 4.2.3 Vulnerability Assessment Vulnerability is susceptibility to physical injury, harm, damage, or economic loss. It depends on an asset’s construction, contents, and economic value of its functions. Vulnerability assessment provides the extent of injury and damages that may result from a hazard event of a given intensity in a given area. The Emergency Management Program identifies the natural and human-caused hazards that potentially impact the jurisdiction using multiple sources. The Emergency Management Program assesses the risk and vulnerability of the following: AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 4: Risk Assessment Overview 4-7 • Vulnerable Populations: Communities limit to preparing and preventing impact to a hazard event. • Property: Properties limit to withstanding and maintaining integrity to a hazard event. • Environment: Environments limitation to preventing degradation during and following a disaster. • Operations: lifelines that have limited capacity and resources to properly respond to a hazard event. 4.2.4 Risk Calculation When calculating risk, we’re looking at most likely scenario accounting for currently capabilities and regulations (reference chapter 19 for capabilities). People To assess the total risk to people, we consider hazard assessments, potential impacts on individuals, responders, and the economy, as well as the concentration of vulnerable populations who have limited ability to prepare for or respond to a hazard event. Property In evaluating the total risk to property, we consider hazard assessments, the potential impacts on buildings, facilities, infrastructure, the environment, and the economy. Additionally, we assess the ability of properties to withstand and maintain structural integrity during and after a hazard event. Environment When assessing the risk to the environment, we account for hazard assessments, potential environmental impacts, and economic consequences. We also evaluate the environment's capacity to prevent degradation during and after a disaster. Operations To determine the total risk to operations, we consider hazard assessments, the impact on the continuity of government functions, the economy, and public confidence in the government. We also assess the vulnerability of critical operations, such as lifeline services, which may have limited capacity and resources to respond effectively to a hazard event. Overall Risk The overall risk is determined by combining the risks to people, property, environment, and operations. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 4: Risk Assessment Overview 4-8 4.3 Risk Assessment Results Table 4-2 King County risk assessment results AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 4: Risk Assessment Overview 4-9 4.4 GIS Data Geographic Information System (GIS) data was taken from a variety of King County, Washington State, and federal sources. The data was sourced via King County GIS, including layers owned by both GIS and by other entities. Some of the GIS data analyzed in completing this risk assessment include: Title Description Source Active Faults Known active faults in the Puget Sound region WA State Department of Natural Resources (DNR) Wastewater Systems King County wastewater treatment and conveyance systems King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks Water Treatment Division (DNRP) Water Supply Facilities Seattle water supply facilities and conveyance systems. These are used to supply Seattle as well as many cities. City of Seattle Public Utilities Bridges King County-maintained bridges King County Roads Rail Routes All rail routes, including BNSF and Sound Transit King County GIS Transit Routes Metro transit routes King County Metro Arterials Arterial streets King County Roads Levees and Revetments County-maintained flood protection structures. DNRP, King County Flood Control District BPA Transmission Lines Bonneville Power Administration power transmission systems Bonneville Power Administration Historic Buildings Designated historic buildings King County GIS Schools School facilities King County GIS Government Buildings King County government buildings King County GIS, Facilities Management Division AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 4: Risk Assessment Overview 4-10 Hospitals and Medic Units Hospitals and medic unit locations King County GIS Pharmacies Pharmacy locations King County GIS First Responder Facilities Locations of fire, police, and EMS King County GIS City Boundaries City jurisdictional boundaries King County GIS Rivers and Lakes Waterbodies King County GIS Building Address Points Building address points and age King County Assessor Building Age Building address points and age King County Assessor Volcanic Hazard Areas Lahar, lava flow, and lahar sediment areas WA DNR, U.S. Geological Survey Landslide Hazard Areas Lidar-based landslide inventory mapping WA DNR Preliminary 100- year Floodplain 1% annual chance, special flood hazard area as mapped by FEMA. Will take effect as the regulatory floodplain in 2020. FEMA, King County Flood Control District Floodways The regulatory areas including the channel and adjacent land areas that must be preserved in order to discharge the base flood without increasing the water surface elevation by more than a designated height. FEMA, King County Flood Control District Liquefaction Potential Areas of NEHRP soil classes D, E, and F. WA DNR Landslide Buffer Areas Buffers of 50 feet around known landslide areas. King County GIS Statewide Roads State and federal highways King County GIS AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 4: Risk Assessment Overview 4-11 This and any additional data can be viewed on the ArcGIS online hazard map called the King County Equity in Response and Planning Tool. 4.5 Jurisdiction-Specific Risk Assessments In addition to this countywide risk assessment, each participating jurisdiction completed a risk assessment focusing on the priority hazards, vulnerabilities, and consequences. These assessments are contained in each planning partner annex. These assessments will have much more detail about Health Insurance Coverage Individuals with health insurance, by Census Tract US Census, American Community Survey (ACS) Travel Time to Work Travel time to work on average by Census Tract US Census, ACS Means of Transportation to Work Means of transportation to work, by percent, by Census Tract US Census, ACS Race Self-identified race US Census, ACS Ethnicity Self-identified ethnicity US Census, ACS Income Income (range) US Census, ACS Languages Languages other than English spoken at home US Census, ACS Disability Status Counts of disabled persons King County GIS Education Educational attainment by years, by Census Tract US Census, ACS Tenure Housing tenure (ownership) status King County GIS HAZUS for earthquake (Seattle Fault, Cascadia Subduction Zone) HAZUS runs for Seattle Fault 7.1 and Cascadia Subduction Zone 9.0 scenarios FEMA RiskMAP AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 4: Risk Assessment Overview 4-12 individual jurisdiction risks and should supplement the wider lens of the risk profiles contained in the base plan. To complete their assessments, jurisdictions were provided with GIS data and an ArcGIS online map containing relevant data on hazards and impacts. The data is the same as that used in the base plan risk assessments, but jurisdictions were asked to focus on impacts specific to their assets and boundaries. Jurisdictions assessed risk in two ways. • First, jurisdictions looked at hazards that could impact them, how susceptible/vulnerable they are to those hazards, and the consequences/impacts of a hazard event. The task was to develop “risk elevator pitches” that summarize the key elements of hazard risk in a way accessible to elected officials and the public. • Second, jurisdictions were asked to consider an asset-based approach, looking at their priority assets, the hazards that threaten those assets, and the consequences of losing the asset. All jurisdictions were encouraged to complete this process, but only special purpose districts were required to complete it. The goal of this approach was to identify assets that needed mitigation. In developing their risk assessments, jurisdictions held internal meetings to select the list of hazards that would be included and to assess the relative risk of each hazard. Most used a high-medium-low approach for impact, where high impact is a debilitating event, and moderate impacts are serious events that disrupt operations for multiple days. For those that also considered probability separately from the base plan, a high probability event is likely to occur on an annual basis. These jurisdiction-specific risk assessments are not designed to be exhaustive but should give a much clearer picture of risk and vulnerability than is normally available from countywide assessments. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) Risk Assessment Scoring 1 Location Ha z a r d 2 Probability 2 Magnitude 1 Public Im p a c t 1 Responders 1 COP 1 PFI 1 Environment 1 Economy 1 PCG 1 People Vu l n e r a b i l i t y 1 Property 1 Environment 1 Operations 1 People Ri s k 1 Property 1 Environment 1 Operations Low Overall Risk PC: WADOT Chapter 5Avalanche AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 5: Avalanche 5-2 Chapter 5 Avalanche 5.1 Hazard Description Avalanche hazards in the Pacific Northwest are most common during the winter and spring in the Cascade and Olympic Mountain Ranges. They occur when a mass of snow slides, flows, or tumbles down a slope. The slopes range between 30 to 45 degrees and have enough snow depth to cover anchors such as rocks and small trees. Avalanches may also release on slopes steeper than 45 degrees, where snow may accumulate, and occasionally on low-angle slopes under ideal wet snow conditions. Avalanche forecasters use nine categories to describe the current avalanche problem. These include two primary types of avalanches: • Loose snow avalanche: an avalanche that releases from a single point and entrains cohesionless snow as it fans downhill. • Slab avalanche: a cohesive layer of snow that avalanches. Slab avalanches account for the large majority of avalanche accidents because their failures propagate across the slope and around the victim, making them harder to escape than a point-release avalanche. Slabs form as snow settles and becomes denser or winds load or add cohesion to snow. • Roof avalanche: an avalanche that falls from the roof of a man-made structure. Roof avalanches commonly slide on the roof’s surface, thus involving the entire existing snowpack. Roof avalanches most commonly occur during warming periods after substantial snow has accumulated. Accidents involve unsuspecting residents, or snow removal and maintenance workers. Additional categories include qualification to the age and depth of the snowpack's weak layer, the formation type, and a few specific types, such as cornices. Common factors that contribute to avalanche danger include old snow depth, old snow surface, new snow depth, new snow type, snow density, snow fall intensity, precipitation intensity, settlement, wind direction and wind speed, temperature, subsurface snow crystal structure, and tidal effect.1 Research done at Snoqualmie Pass indicates that most natural avalanches occur within one hour after the onset of rain over a weakened snow pack. Large amounts of new snow accumulation also increases avalanche risk, especially when coupled with wide temperature swings. These events, whether natural or human-triggered, pose risks to recreationalists, ski area operations, and travelers on highways. 1 Scott M Kruse, “Avalanche Evaluation Check List” Avalanche Review vol. 8, No 4 (February 1990) AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 5: Avalanche 5-3 5.2 Location Avalanche events occur at two mountainous locations in King County: Stevens Pass in the northeast along US Highway 2 and Snoqualmie Pass on the county’s central-eastern boarder along Interstate 90. Snoqualmie and Stevens Pass are significant transportation routes, particularly for commercial traffic connecting the Ports of Tacoma and Seattle to Eastern Washington and the northern tier of the US. They are also the closest ski areas and snow parks to the greater Seattle area. Snoqualmie Pass spans 3,022 feet of the I-90 roadway and receives an average annual snowfall of 294 inches. The typical daily traffic volume on I-90 is around 28,000 vehicles, with approximately 5,600 of those being freight.2 In the event of an avalanche, significant disruptions to east-west travel are anticipated. Figure 5-1 shows in orange common avalanche paths, and in grey infrequent avalanche paths. It also highlights projects, bridges, and viaducts that could be disrupted. Figure 5-1 Snoqualmie Pass 2 WSDOT, “Avalanche control” WSDOT Operations & Services (n.a.): https://wsdot.wa.gov/travel/operations- services/avalanche-control AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 5: Avalanche 5-4 Stevens Pass spans 4,061 feet of the highway and receives an average annual snowfall of 338 inches. The typical daily traffic volume over Stevens Pass is approximately 4,500 vehicles, with about 450 of those being freight. Figure 5-2 highlights the avalanche paths in red, with the Wellington Avalanche, marked in yellow, which remains the deadliest avalanche in U.S. history. This tragic event occurred in 1910, claiming the lives of 96 people. Figure 5-2 Stevens Pass Both maps indicate that most avalanches occur in remote areas away from the ski resorts. The primary risks are posed to backcountry recreationalists and travelers along the transportation corridors. The popular backcountry areas around Stevens and Snoqualmie passes involve complex terrain where avalanche fatalities occur with relative frequency. These areas draw in snowshoeing, alpine and cross-country skiing, snowmobiles, and winter hikers and campers. While many people who engaged in snow sports in these areas are highly experienced enthusiasts; even with safety equipment, they may trigger or fall victim to avalanches. The Snoqualmie Pass backcountry area has more complex terrain with more elevation difference between top and bottom of surrounding mountains than Stevens Pass. Based on the terrain, Snoqualmie Pass backcountry has larger avalanche paths capable of producing larger and more destructive avalanches than Stevens Pass. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 5: Avalanche 5-5 Several stretches of Interstate 90 and Highway 2 in King County are vulnerable to avalanches between October and April each year, depending on snowpacks and weather conditions. In the event that these transportation corridors are closed down due to an avalanche, I-84 in Oregon or air travel are the only practical ways to travel between Spokane and Seattle. These closures can have a significant economic impact, particularly due to delays in freight transportation. To address these risks, the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) has established specialized avalanche crews that play a vital role in monitoring and mitigating avalanche hazards, ensuring the safety and efficiency of travel. 5.3 Magnitude Each year, avalanches in Washington State cause an average of one to three fatalities. Thousands of avalanches occur in the Cascades during the winter season, though most are triggered naturally and have no human impact. In King County, the primary avalanche risk arises from severe winter storms between October and May, when Pacific storms frequently affect the region. Figure 5-3 North American Public Avalanche Danger Scale AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 5: Avalanche 5-6 Avalanches are measured using the North American Public Avalanche Danger Scale, which measures the likelihood of both natural and human-triggered avalanches, as well as their size and distribution. Figure 5-3 shows the scale ranges from 1 (low danger) to 5 (extreme danger). Both Stevens and Snoqualmie Pass areas experience all levels of avalanche danger as well as human-triggered and natural avalanches in their surrounding backcountry terrain. However, Snoqualmie Pass has more highway and parking capacity than Stevens Pass. There is no definitive source on backcountry use, however, known parking capacity, proximity to population centers, and the number of avalanche observations publicly submitted to Northwest Avalanche Center per zone suggest more backcountry users visit the Snoqualmie Pass corridor over the course of the season. The most frequent impact from avalanches is from pass closures, especially along Snoqualmie Pass on I-90. In particularly severe events, Snoqualmie, Stevens, and White Passes may close for days, cutting the state in half. The other routes that cross the cascades, such as US 20, SR 410, and SR 14, are closed throughout the winter and are not suitable for large traffic volumes or commercial traffic. Impacts on transportation through mountain passes result in travel delays with local to regional economic effects. Avalanche risk reduction occurs on these corridors throughout the spring as WSDOT clears the road for summer operations. In addition to the roadway risk, two of the state's three cross-state railways pass through the Cascades. These railroads travel along a route similar to the major highways and are similarly susceptible to avalanche danger. Significant snowfall and avalanche danger can disrupt rail freight traffic across the state, with substantial economic impacts. 5.4 Previous Occurrences The Northwest Avalanche Center has reported on avalanche incidents that presented a risk of human injury or fatality, excluding those avalanches that occurred without resulting in significant impact. There was a total of 14 injuries and 13 fatalities across the region. Specifically, Stevens Pass experienced 3 injuries and 2 fatalities, while Snoqualmie reported 11 injuries and 11 fatalities. Regarding the reported danger levels for each event, 68% were classified as moderate risk, and 26% were classified as considerable. The number of reported avalanche incidents have also show to decline over this period. While there is more frequent reporting of avalanche activity in Snoqualmie Pass, the avalanche terrain around Stevens Pass is more than capable of producing avalanches large enough to bury, injure or kill a person, and has over the years. In fact, the most significant avalanche event in Washington State, and the deadliest in US history, occurred in 1910 near Stevens Pass. Two trains carrying passengers were hit by an avalanche killing 96 people. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 5: Avalanche 5-7 Table 5-1 Significant Avalanches in King County, 2001-20243 DATE PASS SIZE FATALITIES AND INJURIES 1910 (Historic Maximum) Stevens Pass (railway) n/a 96 Fatalities April 9, 2010 Snoqualmie Pass D2 - Moderate 2 Injuries April 10, 2010 Snoqualmie Pass D3 - Considerable 1 Injury February 1, 2011 Snoqualmie Pass D2 - Moderate 1 Fatality March 23, 2011 Snoqualmie Pass D1 - Low None March 27, 2011 Stevens Pass n/a 1 Fatality April 3, 2011 Stevens Pass n/a 1 Injury April 6, 2011 Snoqualmie Pass D2 - Moderate 3 Injuries January 1, 2012 Snoqualmie Pass n/a None January 21, 2012 Snoqualmie Pass n/a None February 19,2012 Snoqualmie Pass D2 - Moderate 1 Fatality February 19, 2012 Stevens Pass n/a 1 Fatality January 15, 2013 Snoqualmie Pass n/a 1 Injury April 13, 2013 Snoqualmie Pass (two locations) n/a 2 Fatalities April 13, 2013 Stevens Pass n/a None January 4, 2014 Snoqualmie Pass n/a None February 11, 2014 Stevens Pass D3 - Considerable 2 Injuries February 22, 2014 Snoqualmie Pass n/a None March 22, 2014 Snoqualmie Pass D3 - Considerable 1 Fatality 3 NWAC “Northwest Avalanche Accident Summaries” Northwest Avalanche Center (December 2024) https://www.nwac.us/accidents/accident-reports/ AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 5: Avalanche 5-8 April 27, 2014 Snoqualmie Pass D2 - Moderate 1 Injury December 6, 2015 Stevens Pass D2 - Moderate None December 17, 2015 Snoqualmie Pass D3 - Considerable 1 Injury December 19, 2015 Snoqualmie Pass D3 - Considerable 1 Fatality December 31, 2015 Snoqualmie Pass D1/D2 – Low/Moderate 1 Fatality March 4, 2017 Snoqualmie Pass D2 - Moderate 1 Injury March 5, 2017 Stevens Pass n/a None April 11, 2017 Snoqualmie Pass D2 - Moderate 1 Fatality February 18, 2018 Snoqualmie Pass D2 - Moderate None February 25, 2018 Snoqualmie Pass (two locations) D2 - Moderate 3 Fatalities February 16, 2019 Stevens Pass n/a None February 16, 2020 Stevens Pass n/a None January 31, 2021 Snoqualmie Pass D2 – Moderate 1 Injury February 7, 2021 Stevens Pass n/a None February 12, 2023 Stevens Pass n/a None March 5 2024 Stevens Pass D2 - Moderate None 5.5 Probability of Future Occurrences The overall frequency of avalanche events is likely to decrease due to the changing climate. As snow cover diminishes at lower elevations, the potential areas for avalanches to occur are reduced. However, at higher elevations where snowfall remains abundant, avalanche events may increase in intensity. Many factors contribute to avalanche formation and release, though the most significant involves the bond between snow layers and loading from new snow or rain. The Pacific Northwest has a maritime snow climate, and most avalanche activity is directly related to precipitation events, AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 5: Avalanche 5-9 either snow or rain. Rapid changes in temperature, especially at or near the freezing point, further contribute to avalanche release. 5.6 Climate Change Considerations Research pertaining to climate change impact on avalanche activity in this region is currectly limited. However, climate change is expected to lead to a significant decrease in snowpack in Washington, with projections indicating a reduction of up to 70% by 2080 compared to 2006 levels.4 Avalanche frequency and type relative to elevation and location will likely change over time due to the impacts of climate change. Initial research on the impacts of climate change and avalanches suggest we may see fewer lower elevation avalanches due to reduced snowpack. Depending on how the climate warms in our region, we may see fewer avalanches associated with colder weather (persistent slabs) and more wet snow avalanches. 5.7 Impact Assessment Public Avalanche conditions can cause closure of ski areas like: Alpental, Hyak (Summit East), Ski Acres (Summit Central), and Stevens Pass. The recreational skiers and the people who are seasonally employed can be impacted when these conditions close ski areas. People who ski “out of bounds” take exceptional risks in locations where avalanche control does not maintain safe conditions and search and rescue operations may be hampered. Pass closures may inconvenience people by causing them to either take commercial flights between eastern and western Washington or cause them to take wide routes around the mountain area through the Columbia Gorge between Washington and Oregon. There are no major populations in King County that are exposed to avalanche terrain. The King County community closest to avalanche country is Skykomish. It has not experienced an avalanche in recent memory. 4 Washington Emergency Management Division (EMD), “Avalanche” Washington State Enhanced Hazard Mitigation Plan (2023): p. 28, https://mil.wa.gov/asset/651ec296d76a9/2023_WA_SEHMP_final_20231004.pdf AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 5: Avalanche 5-10 Responders When avalanches bury or injure skiers and backcountry hikers, the King County Sheriff’s Office Search and Rescue team(s) may be deployed along with trained volunteers and specially trained volunteer K-9 units like BARK (Backcountry Avalanche Rescue K-9). Most search missions occur in or around the off-trail perimeter of ski areas like Snoqualmie Acres, Hyak, Alpental, and Steven’s Pass. Buried skiers are often severely injured or may be killed from their injuries or suffocation under large amounts of snow in areas difficult to reach. Continuity of Operations Avalanche areas are remote to most King County operations. Where avalanches may occur, King County Sheriff’s Office Search and Rescue, Ski patrols, and volunteers may be involved. This may include BARK, a group that provides K-9 search capability for avalanche victims. Support may also be required from the aviation unit of the King County Sheriff’s Office and from Emergency Medical Service units. Support personnel for avalanche control are provided by Washington State Department of Transportation. Property, Facilities, and Infrastructure Property Property exposed to avalanches include seasonal vacation homes and ski resort operations. Facilities There are no known healthcare facilities or systems exposed to avalanches. Infrastructure Critical infrastructure that may be impacted includes the BNSF railway (also used by Amtrak) and the east west highways, US 2 (Stevens Pass) and I-90 (Snoqualmie Pass). Chinook Pass usually closes from October through May. Environment Avalanches are natural events, but they can have significant environmental impacts, including the destruction of wildlife, trees, and the alteration of the landscape. These events can reshape terrain and disrupt ecosystems. To mitigate the effects of avalanches on both infrastructure and the environment, several upcoming infrastructure projects along I-90 in Snoqualmie Pass are being proposed including the installation of avalanche chutes. These chutes are designed to redirect AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 5: Avalanche 5-11 snowfall away from the I-90 animal crossing overpass, which serves as a vital north-south habitat connector for wildlife. Economy Closure of ski areas from avalanche danger usually lasts only a short time. While revenue to one or more ski areas may be reduced, no long- term economic impacts can be expected from avalanche issues. Heavy snows and avalanche danger may close Stevens and/or Snoqualmie Pass for extended periods. These pass closures can impede transportation of goods between eastern/western Washington, impact the Port of Seattle and port/countries around the/Pacific Rim. Avalanche closure of King County passes may cause motorists and truckers to reroute through Interstate 84 in Portland. In 2024, WSDOT completed an “Estimated Road User Cost of Snoqualmie Pass Closure”, using the volumes of traffic in the winter months to determine an average total hourly cost of delays based on weekday/weekend calculations. For weekdays, the average hourly cost of a delay is $52,743, while for a weekend, the average hourly cost of a delay is $67,576.5 Public Confidence in Governance The public at risk has a good understanding of the risks from avalanche. Warnings are regularly posted and announced to skiers and back country hikers during the winter months. 5.8 Vulnerability Assessment Vulnerable populations Snowmobilers, hikers, and skiers in back-country and off-trail environments are at the highest risk from avalanche. Search and Rescue regularly travel on search missions for missing recreationists, putting them at risk from avalanche as well. Property Several homes in the Alpental Valley have been directly affected by avalanches. Snow fences installed in 1999 mitigate the hazard. Avalanche professionals' ongoing monitoring and evaluation contribute to the risk evaluation. 5 WSDOT, Snoqualmie Winter Operations Study (December 2024): p. 6, https://wsdot.wa.gov/sites/default/files/2024-12/Snoqualmie-Winter-Operations-Study-December2024.pdf AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 5: Avalanche 5-12 Environment Avalanches are a natural disturbance that can both harm and benefit ecosystems. Next to Snoqualmie Pass is the wildlife crossing overpass that provide a critical north-south connection for elk, deer, coyotes, and cougars. Operations I-90 and US-2 are the most vulnerable routes to avalanche. Disruptions to both are common during the winter, though most are for a short duration. A long-duration disruption could have significant economic consequences. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) Risk Assessment Scoring 1 Location Ha z a r d 3 Probability 2 Magnitude 2 Public Im p a c t 3 Responders 2 COP 2 PFI 1 Environment 2 Economy 3 PCG 2 People Vu l n e r a b i l i t y 3 Property 1 Environment 3 Operations 2 People Ri s k 2 Property 2 Environment 2 Operations Moderate Overall Risk PC: Dean Rutz Chapter 6Civil Disorder AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 6: Civil Disorder 6-2 Chapter 6: Civil Disorder 6.1 Hazard Description The United State Constitution, in accordance with the stipulations of ratification from the Colonies, adopted the first 10 amendments collectively known as the Bill of Rights, laying out the initial protected rights under the Constitution guaranteed to all citizens of the United States. The First being the protected right to peacefully assemble. This right has been entrenched in the very fabric of the United States even before the country as we know it existed. However, as we evolved as a nation, complex social, political, and economic problems began to arise. Almost in tandem, the effectiveness of this right began to come into question with many movements, leveraging changing tactics and technology, finding other forms of assembly more effective at affecting change either for or against the status quo. With the evolution of the protest many social and political scientist began to identify the different forms of protests, collectively known as Civil Unrest, and laws were written to both protect public order and further define the right to protest under the 1st Amendment. Table 6-1 Hierarchy of civil unrest Name Description Peaceful Protests Under the 1st Amendment, the right to “protest” is defined as “the right of the people peaceably to assemble.” However, laws have evolved that govern this right clarifying that assemblies which are not peaceful are generally not protected under the law. The laws that deal with disruptive conduct are generally grouped into offenses that disturb the public peace. They range from misdemeanors, such as blocking sidewalks or challenging another to fight, to felonies, such as looting and rioting. 1 Civil Disobedience Promoted by nationalist movements in Africa and India, the Civil Rights movement in the U.S., and labor and anti-war movements in many countries, Civil Disobedience is typically equated with protests or non- violent resistance. Civil Disobedience, in contrast, is a “public, nonviolent, conscientious yet political act contrary to law, usually aimed at bringing about a change of the law or government policy; limited to instances of substantial and clear injustice and must occur only after the legal means of redress have proved futile.”2 1 Revised Code of Washington Title 9A. 2 US Department of Justice, “Theory of Civil Disobedience” NCJRS Virtual Library (1989): https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/theory-civil-disobedience-civil-disobedience-p-125-149-1989- paul AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 6: Civil Disorder 6-3 Civil Disorder Defined under Title 18 of the United States Code § 232 (1) Civil Disorder is “any public disturbance involving acts of violence by assemblages of three or more persons, which causes an immediate danger of or results in damage or injury to the property or person of any other individual.” 18 U.S. Code § 231 outlines what is considered “disorder,” including the use, application or making of any firearm, or explosive or incendiary device, or technique capable of causing injury or death to persons; transports or manufactures for transportation in commerce any firearm, or explosive or incendiary device, knowing or having reason to know or intending that the same will be used unlawfully in furtherance of a civil disorder; commit any act to obstruct, impede, or interfere with any fireman or law enforcement officer lawfully engaged in the lawful performance of official duties incident to and during the commission of a civil disorder. In this context, any disobedience in which participants turn violent and antagonistic toward public safety and civil authority is illegal.3 Similarly, Washington state law defines civil disorder as “any public disturbance involving acts of violence that is intended to cause an immediate danger of, or to result in, significant injury to property or the person of any other individual.” Further, under the Revised Code of Washington 9A.48.120, a person is guilty of civil disorder training if “he or she teaches or demonstrates to any other person the use, application, or making of any device or technique capable of causing significant bodily injury or death to persons, knowing, or having reason to know or intending that same will be unlawfully employed for use in, or in furtherance of, a civil disorder.” Causation Civil disorder can arise from a variety of circumstances and encompasses a wide range of civil actions, from peaceful demonstrations to more disruptive or violent forms of unrest. The intensity of these disturbances often correlates with the level of public dissatisfaction or protest. Examples of civil disorder include, but are not limited to, violent protests, roadblocks, riots, acts of sabotage, and various forms of criminal behavior. Such disturbances can pose serious risks, becoming increasingly chaotic and difficult to control. 3 Office of the Law Revision Council. “Ch. 12: Civil Disorders” 18 USC (1968): https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?path=/prelim@title18/part1/chapter12&edition=prelim. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 6: Civil Disorder 6-4 One group often associated with civil disorder is the "Black Bloc." This tactic, employed by certain anarchist factions, involves a group of individuals dressing uniformly in black clothing to create the illusion of a cohesive and unified force, which is meant to promote solidarity for a particular cause. This strategy is especially challenging for law enforcement, as it makes it nearly impossible to distinguish one participant from another, providing anonymity while facilitating coordinated criminal acts. Additionally, the presence of law enforcement often escalates tensions during these events. Rather than deterring violence, their intervention can sometimes heighten aggression and provoke further unrest. The political climate surrounding civil disorder is constantly shifting, with changes in leadership, policies, and public sentiment contributing to the volatile nature of these disturbances. 6.2 Location While demonstrations and protests can occur throughout King County, civil disorder is more likely to occur in specific areas, particularly in Seattle, which serves as the county's political and cultural hub. These civil actions often involve free speech rights in public places and do not evolve into chaos and violence. Civil disorder is often seen at government buildings, military bases, schools, universities, city council meetings, as they represent centers of power and decision-making. Additionally, areas like state and city parks, as well as the downtown core, are prime locations for civil unrest due to their visibility and accessibility to large groups. Sites that are attractive for political rallies should be viewed as potential locations for the epicenter of civil disorder events. Disruption of critical infrastructure may occur during very severe civil disorder events. Public services such as water, power, communication, and transportation may be temporarily unavailable. 6.3 Magnitude In King County, civil disorder can emerge from a series of escalating events, each building upon the next. It often begins as peaceful protest or civil disobedience, where individuals express their grievances within the bounds of the law. However, when external factors—such as the presence of anarchists, police violence, or broader social unrest—intervene, these peaceful demonstrations can transform into civil disturbances and, in extreme cases, civil disorder. The impact of such events can be far-reaching, affecting not only the immediate community but also the larger social and political landscape. Understanding the escalation of civil disturbances into full-scale civil disorder requires a look at the different phases and levels of conflict—from peaceful protesting to violence and property damage. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 6: Civil Disorder 6-5 Phases of Protest and Escalation Protests typically start as peaceful demonstrations, where individuals or groups gather to voice their concerns on a particular issue. In King County, these types of events are often seen as essential elements of civic expression. People may gather in public spaces to peacefully advocate for causes such as racial justice, environmental protection, or workers' rights. The aim is to engage in civil disobedience, challenging laws or actions perceived as unjust, without resorting to violence or property destruction. However, not all protests remain peaceful. As tensions rise, peaceful demonstrations can escalate into civil disturbances. Civil disturbances often involve acts of resistance that push the boundaries of legal protest. This might include blocking roads, disrupting business operations, or engaging in minor property damage. While these actions may be disruptive, they are usually aimed at drawing attention to the issue at hand without the intent to incite widespread violence. In this phase, there may still be some level of public support or sympathy, as the demonstration is seen as a legitimate expression of discontent, albeit one that has exceeded acceptable behavior. In the worst-case scenario, civil disturbances can escalate into civil disorder. Civil disorder represents the highest level of escalation, where protests turn violent and cause significant disruption to public order. This stage can be triggered by a variety of factors, including the actions of provocateurs or groups seeking to exploit the unrest for their own agendas4. The presence of anarchists, especially those utilizing tactics like the "Black Bloc," can turn an otherwise peaceful protest into a violent event. The Black Bloc strategy involves groups of anarchists dressing in all black, often with masks, to conceal their identities and present a unified front. This anonymity allows them to engage in criminal activities, such as vandalism, arson, or violent confrontations with law enforcement, without immediate identification or accountability. The 1999 World Trade Organization (WTO) protests in Seattle serve as a clear example of civil disorder. Initially organized as a peaceful demonstration against the WTO’s policies, the protests quickly escalated into violent confrontations. Anarchists, employing Black Bloc tactics, vandalized businesses, looted stores, and engaged in violent clashes with police. The event led to over 600 arrests, widespread property damage, and millions of dollars in losses for local businesses.5 The city’s cost of managing the situation ballooned, with emergency services, repairs, and security efforts costing far more than anticipated. This event marked a significant turning point in the way law enforcement responded to large-scale protests, with authorities becoming more adept at identifying the potential for escalation and monitoring certain groups for signs of trouble. 4 Kory Flowers, “Understanding the Black Block” Police: The Law Enforcement Magazine. (January 30, 2015): https://www.policemag.com/341767/understanding-the-black-bloc. 5 Sean Rossman, “G-20 summit protests: What is a Black Bloc?” USA Today. (February 2, 2017): https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2017/02/02/what-black-bloc/97393870/. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 6: Civil Disorder 6-6 Triggers and Tensions Civil disorder can be triggered by a variety of factors, often stemming from a combination of social, political, and economic issues. Police violence is a common catalyst for such events. For example, the 2009 police shooting of Oscar Grant in Oakland, California, led to widespread unrest, which echoed in cities across the country, including Seattle.6 Similarly, in King County, the 2008 video of a King County deputy assaulting a teenage girl in a holding cell became a flashpoint for public outrage. In 2010, activists in Seattle organized a "March Against Police Brutality," drawing attention to systemic violence and misconduct. Protests like these can lead to cycles of unrest, where each new demonstration builds upon the emotional intensity of previous events.7 Protests often create a feedback loop, where the actions and outcomes of one protest can inspire and fuel subsequent protests. This cycle occurs because protests are not just reactions to immediate events but are deeply rooted in emotional and social responses to perceived injustice or systemic problems. When one protest takes place, it sets off a chain reaction that can influence the actions and emotional environment of future demonstrations. When protests escalate into civil disorder, the presence of anarchist groups like Black Bloc often plays a pivotal role. These groups operate as accelerants, transforming protests into more violent confrontations. Law enforcement now carefully monitors these groups during peaceful protests, noting any signs of aggression or unlawful behavior. As soon as such elements appear, the situation can rapidly deteriorate, creating a volatile environment where clashes are inevitable. These heightened police presence can, in turn, provoke further unrest, exacerbating tensions and leading to a dangerous feedback loop. The ultimate severity of any civil disorder event will depend on the magnitude of the event and its location. The more widespread an event is, the greater the likelihood of excessive injury, loss of life and property damage. Additional factors, such as the ability of law enforcement to contain the event, are also critical in minimizing damages. 6 Associated Press, “Ex-BART Officer Johannes Mehserle Released From Jail” KPIX CBS SF Bay Area. (June 13, 2011) https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2011/06/13/ex-bart-officer-johannes-mehserle-released-from-prison/. 7 J Seattle, “Protest against police brutality starts at Seattle Central” Capitol Hill Seattle Blog. (April 9, 2010) https://www.capitolhillseattle.com/2010/04/protest-against-police-brutality-starts-at-seattle-central/. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 6: Civil Disorder 6-7 6.4 Previous Occurrences Date Location Cause Description Nov 1999 Seattle, WA – World Trade Organization Anti- globalization An example of a worst-case scenario was the 1999 Seattle World Trade Organization rioting which significantly impacted the City and led to numerous injuries and arrests. The rioting raised Seattle's cost of handling the conference to $9 million from an earlier estimated city cost of $6 million surpassing worst-case projections. In addition, downtown Seattle businesses lost an estimated $20 million in property damage and lost sales during the WTO conference.8 Feb 27, 2001 Seattle, WA – Pioneer Square Unknown During a Mardi Gras celebrations, there were numerous random attacks including reports of widespread brawling, vandalism, and weapons being brandished. Damage to local businesses exceeded $100,000. About 70 people were reported injured. Several women were sexually assaulted. One man, Kris Kime, died of injuries sustained during an attempt to assist a woman being brutalized.9 May 2013 Seattle, WA May Day A 2013 May Day protest in downtown Seattle turned violent with police responding to demonstrators throwing rocks, bottles, metal pipes, fireworks -- and even a skateboard. The clashes left eight officers with injuries, and police reporting the arrests of 17 people on various offenses including property destruction and assault. During the clashes, police deployed flash-bang grenades and tackled unruly protesters to the ground.10 May 2016 Seattle, WA May Day In 2016 May Day protest in Seattle a peaceful march turned violent when protesters lit 8 CBC News,” WTO protests hit Seattle in the pocketbook” (January 6, 2000): https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/wto-protests-hit-seattle-in-the-pocketbook-1.245428. 9 Lynsi Burton, “Looking back: Mardi Gras riots of 2001” The Seattle Times. (February 16, 2015): https://www.seattlepi.com/seattlenews/article/Looking-back-Mardi-Gras-riots-of-2001-6084162.php. 10 Amanda Watts, Lindy Royce-Bartlett. “17 arrested as Seattle May Day protests turn violent” CNN. (May 2, 2013) https://www.cnn.com/2013/05/01/us/seattle-may-day-protests/index.html. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 6: Civil Disorder 6-8 fireworks and threw rocks and Molotov cocktails at police. Nine people were arrested and five officers were injured in the clashes. January 2017 Seattle, WA – University of Washington Politics In January 2017 at University of Washington, demonstrators and counter-demonstrators gathered as a politically conservative commentator was scheduled to speak. Violent protests took place on campus and a person was shot. June 2020 Chaz/Chop Seattle Zone Police Brutality In the wake of George Floyd protests, some demonstrators took over a portion of the Capitol Hill neighborhood, establishing the CHOP/CHAZ (Capitol Hill Organized Protest/Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone). This area became a flashpoint for further clashes, with occasional violence, shootings, and confrontations between police and activists. 6.5 Probability of Future Occurrences There is a significant likelihood of future civil disorder in King County. Like many urban centers across the U.S., King County is grappling with growing political discontent driven by ideological divides over social policies, economic priorities, and individual rights. These divisions are further intensified by a political realignment that has funneled differing viewpoints into two increasingly polarized parties. This polarization is compounded by longstanding tensions between certain communities, particularly communities of color, and local law enforcement, which continue to fuel distrust and demands for reform. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 6: Civil Disorder 6-9 Figure 6-1 Political Polarization in the American Public 11 Moreover, the rapid spread of information and organization via social media platforms, especially TikTok, amplifies these tensions. Social media enables quick mobilization and the viral dissemination of events, making it easier to organize protests and quickly escalate unrest. As these factors converge, the risk of civil disorder in King County is likely to increase. 6.6 Climate Change Considerations The effects of climate change have shown to amplify civil unrest by exacerbating existing economic, social, and political instabilities. Urban areas, particularly those with limited greenspaces that are susceptible to climate-related phenomena like the urban heat island effect, are more prone to increased communal frustration and conflicts. The intensifying effects of climate change, such as extreme weather events, resource scarcity, and rising costs of living, intersect with social inequalities, creating a volatile environment where vulnerable communities are disproportionately affected. This intersectionality between social issues and climate change heightens tensions, fueling civil unrest as people confront both environmental and systemic challenges simultaneously. Figure 11 Michael Dimock, Carroll Doherty, Jocelyn Kiley, Russ Oates, “Political Polarization in the American Public” Pew Research Center (June 2014): p. 6, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2014/06/6-12- 2014-Political-Polarization-Release.pdf AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 6: Civil Disorder 6-10 6-2 takes the city of Los Angeles as a case study and plots the point estimates for the temperature- crime relationship. The assessment concluded that heat acts as a driver crime, namely that occurs within the same day. Figure 6-2 Impact of Daily Temperature on Crime Rates in Los Angeles 12 6.7 Impact Assessment Public All King County residents can be impacted, though those who live or work in downtown areas tend to be more exposed and impacted by civil disorder incidents. Responders Responders are often on the front line of events. Responders can be targeted, causing injury to personnel, damage to facilities, and the loss of equipment. Responders are often injured during major incidents and, even when events are brought under control, may be seen as an enemy of the community causing long-term trust issues. Continuity of Operations Major incidents can bring government services to a standstill. In King County, with both City of Seattle and King County offices are in the same area, along with 12 Kilian Heilmann, Matthew Kahn, Cheng Keat Tang, “The urban crime and heat gradient in high and low poverty areas” Journal of Public Economics (May 2021): p. 17 AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 6: Civil Disorder 6-11 court facilities. A major incident in this area would prevent employees from getting to work or home. Furthermore, government buildings are often targeted and can be damaged or destroyed. Property, Facilities, Infrastructure Property Much of the impact from civil disorder is to property, secondary only to economic impacts. During the World Trade Organization protests in 2000, over $20 million in damage was recorded by businesses and $9 million in costs to the city. Facilities Health systems can be overwhelmed by civil disorder incidents, such as when large numbers of demonstrators are brought to the hospital due to exposure to tear gas or due to clashes with counter-demonstrators or with police. Infrastructure • Energy: Pipelines carrying oil are a potential target for demonstrators. Oil trains have been targeted frequently in Washington; however, these protests do not tend to turn violent. • Water/Wastewater: Water systems are rarely the primary target of a demonstration and may only be peripherally impacted. • Transportation: One of the largest impacts from a major incident is disruption to transportation. Transit facilities and assets like busses may be destroyed. Roads can be closed for hours or days. • Communications: Communication systems are redundant and are unlikely to be severely impacted by a civil disorder incident. Environment Civil Disorder will have a minimum impact on the environment; unless, hazard material facilities such as petroleum, chemical, and recycling are targeted in arson fires or vandalism. The impact on the environment in such cases could be significant. Economy Economic impacts caused by loss of business, destruction of businesses, and business interruption can exceed the property damage dollar figures by a factor of two or more. Lost sales and uninsured losses can permanently destroy many businesses. Areas can also become perceived as unsafe or unwelcoming for business, further hurting the economy. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 6: Civil Disorder 6-12 Public Confidence in Governance Major incidents can cause long-term damage to public confidence in the jurisdiction or, especially, public safety elements of jurisdiction governance. This can cause either alienation or, when response is proactive, help rebuild confidence and trust. To best preserve and grow confidence, a jurisdiction must respond quickly and effectively but without excessive force. The general public expects a quick restoration of order and protection of property while activists may demand accountability from officials and safety for peaceful demonstrators. 6.8 Vulnerability Assessment Vulnerable populations Certain population groups are more vulnerable during civil disorder event either because they are the target of civil discord, or because of social, economic, or physical circumstances. Communities of color People of color, particularly Black, Indigenous, and Latino communities, are historically targeted by civil disorder events. While rare in our region, the United States has a long history of racially-motivated riots that burn and destroy minority-owned businesses and homes. Immigrant communities Immigrant and refugee populations are often already marginalized and may face heightened vulnerability during civil disorder due to language barriers, lack of familiarity with local legal systems, or fear of interaction with law enforcement due to potential immigration status concerns. People experiencing homelessness In times of civil unrest, people experiencing homelessness are more likely to be exposed to violence, police crackdowns, or displacement from encampments, making it even harder to access basic necessities like food, shelter, or healthcare. Moreover, homeless individuals may have nowhere to go when public services, shelters, or transportation networks are disrupted. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 6: Civil Disorder 6-13 Woman and gender minorities Women may face increased risks of sexual violence, exploitation, or harassment in chaotic or unsafe environments, while gender minorities may face added discrimination, marginalization, or violence. Essential workers Workers in essential services, such as healthcare, public transportation, utilities, and law enforcement, are particularly vulnerable during civil disorder events due to their proximity to the unrest. These workers may face risks of violence or aggression, especially if they are seen as part of the system that protesters are targeting. Property Businesses in high traffic areas of Seattle would be vulnerable to property damage from civil disorder. Property that would be targeted in this situation includes banks, financial institutions, government buildings, retail chains, and monuments. Environment During civil disorder events, acts of arson and the destruction of properties—such as vehicles, buildings, and businesses—can result in the release of harmful pollutants into the air. Fires release smoke, soot, and toxic chemicals like carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can severely impact air quality and public health. In urban areas, these pollutants may be concentrated, exacerbating pollution levels in already affected regions. Operations Government Facilities Civil disorder incidents often target government organizations or visible images of the government such as police vehicles, city halls, or court facilities. Businesses Businesses such as banks, businesses in downtown areas or along transportation routes, and other commercial establishments are often targeted during looting or may be targeted for political or racist reasons such as ownership by an immigrant group in the case of anti- immigration riots or because they are associated with an industry being targeted by the manifestation (banks, abortion clinics, oil company offices, etc.). AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) Risk Assessment Scoring 3 Location Ha z a r d 4 Probability 3 Magnitude 1 Public Im p a c t 2 Responders 3 COP 2 PFI 1 Environment 3 Economy 4 PCG 2 People Vu l n e r a b i l i t y 2 Property 2 Environment 3 Operations 3 People Ri s k 3 Property 3 Environment 3 Operations High Overall Risk Chapter 7CyberIncidents AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 7: Cyber Incidents 7-2 Chapter 7: Cyber Incidents 7.1 Hazard Description Information technology has become deeply integrated into how we conduct everyday life. In the context of government, technology plays a crucial role in delivering essential public services, such as healthcare, public transportation, law enforcement, citizen engagement, public utilities, and managing tax and ratepayer systems. A cyber incident can have a profound and disruptive effect on these technologies, jeopardizing local governments' ability to provide critical services and maintain daily operations. A cyber incident is defined by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in the 2024 National Cyber Incident Response Plan as “an event occurring on or conducted through a computer network that actually or imminently jeopardizes the confidentiality, integrity or availability of computers, information on communication systems or networks, physical or virtual infrastructure controlled by computers or information systems, or information resident thereon. A cyber incident may include a vulnerability in an information system, system security procedures, internal controls, or implementation that could be exploited by a threat source.”1 This definition is further elaborated in U.S. Code, Title 44, Section 3542. Figure 7-1 CIA triad model2 Confidentiality: preserving authorized restrictions on information access and disclosure, including means for protecting personal privacy and proprietary information. Integrity: guarding against improper information modification or destruction and ensuring information non-repudiation and authenticity. • Data Integrity (DI): The property that data has not been altered in an unauthorized manner. DI covers data in storage, during processing, and while in transit. • System Integrity (SI): The quality that a system has when it performs its intended function in an unimpaired manner, free from unauthorized manipulation of the system, whether intentional or accidental. Availability: Ensuring timely and reliable access to and use of information. 1 Department of Homeland Security, National Cyber Incident Response Plan Draft, (December 2024): p. 5, https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/2024-12/NCIRP%20Update%20Public%20Comment%20Draft%20508c.pdf 2 Debbie Walkowski, “What is the CIA Triad?” F5 Labs (2019): https://www.f5.com/labs/learning-center/what-is- the-cia-triad AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 7: Cyber Incidents 7-3 Cyber incidents can be categorized as (1) malicious attacks, (2) human errors and system glitches, or (3) environmental hazards. Malicious attacks Cyber incidents based on actors with malicious intent can be driven by criminal motives for profit, extortion, and theft or to damage, destroy or interfere with infrastructure systems. Organizations worldwide experience malicious attacks on a daily basis. Most of the attacks are unstructured with little to no organization behind them such as a phishing attack or malware hidden in a downloaded file. Attacks are carried out with tools aiming to take advantage of well-known flaws and are often detected by security tools such as antivirus programs before they cause harm. However, an undetected attack can cause significant harm to an organization before it’s detected and fully contained. More sophisticated attacks with a specific target are less common, harder to detect and take longer to contain. These attacks are more likely to have a catastrophic impact on an organization causing disruptions over some or all of the network. Over the last few years attackers have been targeting organizations using sophisticated ransomware, which encrypts the organizations’ data and demands a ransom to decrypt it. Other attacks include cyber terrorism(aiming to cause sufficient destruction or disruption) to generate fear or undermine entities such as an organization, a region, a sector or a country. Human error and system glitches Cyber incidents due to human errors and system glitches can occur because of negligence, lack of implemented policies and/or process, unclear roles and responsibilities, insufficient training, misconfigurations etc. Such incidents are often identified and contained faster than disruptions caused by malicious actors. Human errors and system glitches can expose confidential data, decrease availability and put data integrity at risk. Environmental hazards Data centers, physical IT infrastructure and hardware are vulnerable to other hazards such as earthquakes, flooding, fires, and extreme weather that result in long lasting power outages. In the event of such hazards it is likely that the disruption to information technology will slow down the recovery time of critical communication systems, essential services and hardware. This can cause a variety of cyber incidents including loss of data and system availability and communications. Unshielded electronic and electrical equipment is sensitive to electromagnetic pulses (EMP) and geomagnetic disturbances (GMD). An EMP is an intense burst of electromagnetic energy resulting nuclear explosion in the atmosphere whereas a GMD is a temporary disturbance of the Earth’s magnetosphere caused by a solar wind shock or cloud of magnetic field that interacts with Earth’s AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 7: Cyber Incidents 7-4 magnetic field.3 Whether caused by man or nature, EMP and GMD events can temporarily affect or permanently damage electronic equipment. Solar storms that affect electronic equipment are rare but have occurred in the past, impacting GPS satellite systems and signals sent to ground-based receivers. 7.2 Location The cyber threat “landscape” is constantly evolving due to advances in technology, the growing motivation of attackers, and the expansion of attack “surfaces” across digital ecosystems. Wherever information technologies exist and are used, cyber incidents can occur. The nature of a cyber- incident differs from other types of hazards because it is inherently driven by online actions and targets digital systems, but it can also result in significant physical impacts. For instance, cyberattacks can disrupt critical infrastructure, manufacturing processes, or even cause breaches in physical security. As the digital landscape expands and technology becomes more integrated into daily operations, cyber incidents increasingly have the potential to affect both virtual and physical environments. The primary avenues of attack, or virtual locations of threat, include cloud-based, phishing, third party breaches, ransomware, and insider threats. Cloud-Based Regardless of where data is stored, it is always susceptible to breaches. However, some storage environments are more vulnerable and costly to breach than others. A significant number of breaches involve data that is distributed across multiple environments, including public clouds, private clouds, and on-premises systems. As organizations continuously evolve their data management strategies, they often fail to account for shadow data —data that’s unmanaged and likely invisible to the IT department. This shadow data typically arises when employees use unauthorized applications or upload files to unsanctioned cloud storage locations without the organization's knowledge. In fact, approximately 40% of all data breaches are linked to data spread across multiple environments, highlighting the complexity of managing data security in hybrid and multi-cloud architectures. 3 Department of Homeland Security, Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP)/Geomagnetic Disturbance (GMD) (December 2023): https://www.dhs.gov/science-and-technology/electromagnetic-pulse-empgeomagnetic-disturbance AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 7: Cyber Incidents 7-5 Figure 7-2 IBM data storage type for reported data breaches, 2024 Phishing Phishing is a social engineering tactic that is used to persuade individuals to provide sensitive information and/or take action through seemingly trustworthy communications, such as through impersonations of financial institutions, IT departments, or government agencies. Phishing attacks are usually untargeted and come in the form of an email. According to the IBM, employee training continues to be an essential element in cyber defense strategies, specifically for detecting and stopping phishing attacks.4 Third Party Breaches Technology vendors that provide technical, software, and healthcare services are particularly vulnerable to third-party breaches.5 Hackers frequently exploit weaknesses in software or 4 IBM, Cost of a Data Breach Report (2024): p. 23 5 Black Kite, Third Party Breach Report (2023): p. 7, https://blackkite.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/third- party-breach-report-2023.pdf AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 7: Cyber Incidents 7-6 manipulate code to gain unauthorized access. However, many organizations place undue trust in the security of the software and services they rely on, often neglecting to conduct thorough checks for vulnerabilities within their digital supply chain. In 2022, industries such as healthcare, finance, and government, which are heavily reliant on technology vendors, were particularly impacted by these kinds of attacks. This type of breach occurred in 2020 for the Washington State Employment Service Department (ESD). The breach was traced back to Accellion, a technology provider that facilitated file transfers. At the time, many individuals were applying for unemployment benefits due to the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing the volume of sensitive data being processed. As a result, personal information of approximately 1.6 million individuals was compromised, and the ESD faced a staggering loss of $600 million due to fraudulent unemployment claims.6 Ransomware Ransomware is a type of malicious software (malware) designed to deny access to a computer system or data until the victim pays a ransom. Ransomware attacks saw a significant resurgence in early 2023, with high-profile incidents affecting organizations worldwide. The United States was the most targeted country, accounting for 43% of all attacks, followed by the UK (5.7%) and Germany 6 Kurt Schlosser, “Data breach exposes 1.6 million Washington state residents who filed unemployment claims in 2020” Geekwire February 2021): https://www.geekwire.com/2021/data-breach-exposes-1-6-million-washington- state-residents-filed-unemployment-claims-2020/ AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 7: Cyber Incidents 7-7 (4.4%). Among industries, manufacturing (19.5%), professional, scientific, and technical services (15.3%), and educational services (6.1%) were the most frequently targeted. Manufacturing and professional service companies are often prime targets due to the valuable intellectual property and sensitive data they store, making them attractive to cybercriminals looking for high-value ransoms. Educational institutions, on the other hand, tend to hold large volumes of personal data, including information on students, staff, and research, which makes them lucrative targets for ransomware groups. Insider Threats While external threats often dominate discussions, insider threats, whether malicious or inadvertent, pose significant risks. Insiders could include employees, contractors, or partners/collaborators who have access to critical systems. While malicious insider attacks make up only 7% of breaches, they are often the highest cost for response and recovery averaging 4.99 million dollars. Others While cloud-based attacks, phishing, third-party vulnerabilities, ransomware, and insider threats are some of the most common avenues for cyberattacks, they are not the only vectors that entities should consider when planning their defenses. Table 7-1 offers a comprehensive list of various cyber threat vectors and their subtypes, including different types of malware, network and database interception, password and access control breaches, social engineering tactics, and physical/infrastructure-related threats. Table 7-1 Cyber threat vectors used for malicious attacks Cyber Threat Vector Definition Malware Types Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) An attack in which the attacker gains access to a network and remains undetected. APT attacks are designed to steal data instead of cause damage. Backdoor An undocumented way of gaining access to a computer system. This is a security risk. Drive-by Downloads Malware is downloaded unknowingly by the victims when they visit an infected site. Malware Software or firmware intended to perform an unauthorized process that will have an adverse impact on the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of an information system. Examples include: AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 7: Cyber Incidents 7-8 • Adware: A form of software that displays advertising content in a manner that is potentially unexpected and unwanted by users, which may also include various user-tracking functions (similar to spyware). • Malvertising: Malware downloaded when the victim clicks on an affected ad. • Ransomware: Malware that locks a person’s keyboard or computer to prevent them from accessing data until a ransom is paid, usually in Bitcoin. A popular variation of this is ransom crypto ware, which corrupts files using a private key that only the attacker possesses. • Spyware: Software that allows others to gain private information about a user, without that person’s knowledge or consent, such as passwords, credit card numbers, social security numbers, or account information. • Trojan horses: A computer program that appears to have a useful function, but also has a hidden and potentially malicious function that evades security mechanisms. • Virus: A program or code that attaches itself to a legitimate, executable program, and then reproduces itself when that program is run. • Worms: A self-contained program (or set of programs) that is able to spread copies of itself to other computer systems, usually through network connections of email attachments. Structured Query Language injection (SQLi) Attackers use malicious SQL code for backend database manipulation to access information that was not intended to be displayed. Zero-day exploit An attack which occurs the same day a vulnerability is discovered in the software. The vulnerability is exploited by the attacker before it can be fixed by a patch or a permanent solution. Network and Data Interception Denial-of-Service Attack (DoS) Attacks that focus on disrupting service to a network in which attackers send high volumes of data until the network becomes overloaded and can no longer function. Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) MITM attacks mirror victims and endpoints for online information exchange. In this type of attack, the MITM communicates with the victim who believes they are interacting with the legitimate endpoint website. The MITM is also communicating with the actual endpoint website by impersonating the victim. As the process goes through, the MITM obtains entered and received information from both the victim and endpoint Pharming Arranging for a website’s traffic to be redirected to a different, fraudulent site, either through a vulnerability in an agency’s server AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 7: Cyber Incidents 7-9 software or through the use of malware on a user’s computer system. Password and Access Control Password Attacks Third party attempts to crack a user’s password and subsequently gain access to a system. Password attacks do not typically require malware, but rather stem from software applications on the attacker’s system. These applications may use a variety of methods to gain access, including generating large numbers of generated guesses, or dictionary attacks, in which passwords are systematically tested against all of the words in a dictionary. Due to users reusing the same password for different systems a password attack targeting an unrelated system can give the attacker access to a more sought- after system. Spoofing Attempting to gain access to a system by posing as an authorized user, synonymous with impersonating, masquerading, or mimicking. Attempting to fool a network user into believing that a particular site was reached, when actually the user has been led to a false site that has been designed to appear authentic, usually for the purpose of gaining valuable information, tricking the user into downloading harmful software, or providing funds to the threat actors. Social Engineering Social Engineering In the context of cyber-security, this refers to an effort to psychologically manipulate a person, especially through misrepresentation or deception, to gain access to information. Methods of social engineering include: • Phishing: Malicious email messages that ask users to click a link or download a program. Phishing attacks may appear as legitimate emails from trusted third parties. • Spear Phishing: A form of phishing that targets a specific individual, company, or agency, usually relying on an accumulation of information to make subsequent ruses more effective when further probing the target, until a successful security breach finally becomes possible. Physical and Infrastructure Physical damage Intentional or unintentional damage to physical infrastructure such as data centers, hardware, or power grids. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 7: Cyber Incidents 7-10 7.3 Magnitude Cyber incidents put both financial resources and sensitive information at risk. The financial impact includes costs related to downtime, remediation efforts to repair damaged systems, expert consultations, and potential ransom payments. Data loss or compromise also poses a significant threat, particularly for entities handling sensitive information such as Personally Identifiable Information (PII) or Personal Health Information (PHI). The County, for example, manages a wide range of public, sensitive, and confidential data, some of which is regulated by federal law, the Revised Code of Washington, and global compliance standards. Unauthorized, unintentional, or unanticipated disclosure of confidential data could lead to identity theft, financial loss for individuals, operational disruptions for businesses, legal action, and reputational damage for the County. The magnitude of a cyber incident is further influenced by the duration of the event and the ability to detect and respond to it in a timely manner. Having the ability to preempt the incident and activate a well-known and effective incident response plan is also critical in reducing the duration of the event. It could take weeks, months, or even years to fully recover from a cyberattack. According to IBM’s 2024 Cost of a Data Breach Report, the average time it takes a business to identify a data breach is 194 days. The average time it takes to fully contain a breach, after it has been identified, is 64 days.7 Scenarios Smaller cyber incidents may have minimal impact, such as a minor configuration error discovered early, or a stolen encrypted laptop without sensitive data. These types of incidents, while disruptive, are often recoverable without significant consequences for the County’s operations. On the other hand, a large-scale cyber incident, such as a ransomware attack that encrypts all or most of the County's data, can have catastrophic effects. This could lead to the loss of critical operational capabilities, economic damage, reputational harm, and even health and safety risks for the individuals living, working, or visiting the region. The County’s essential services, which are crucial for public health, safety, and legal compliance, can be severely disrupted if they are unavailable for 0-72 hours after the initial attack. A prolonged disruption to these essential services can have devastating consequences for the region. The County's essential functions, which are critical to supporting life, health, and safety, include services that must meet specific legal requirements. The loss of critical system availability, functionality, and operational effectiveness can hinder productivity and impact the performance of individuals supporting County operations. In cases where hardware, networks, servers, or backup systems are damaged by other hazards or malicious actions, recovery delays can be further 7 IBM, Cost of a Data Breach Report (2024): p. 10 AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 7: Cyber Incidents 7-11 compounded. Moreover, if unauthorized changes are made to IT systems or data—either intentionally or accidentally—system and data integrity may be compromised. If such integrity issues are not addressed, continued use of contaminated systems or corrupted data can lead to inaccurate decisions, fraud, or further operational risks. Vendors The County also relies on SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems, which are used to control infrastructure and facility processes, including wastewater treatment and airport operations. Cyber incidents targeting these critical systems could have severe consequences, including environmental, health, safety, and financial risks for the region. Not all IT systems utilized by the County are managed internally; the County also relies on third- party vendors and partners who may be exposed to cyber threats. Disruptions within these external organizations can also affect the County’s operations, underscoring the importance of securing the entire ecosystem of stakeholders to minimize cyber risk. Cyber Resiliency As cyber threats evolve, entities must continually update their security posture. Due to the complexity of the cyber threat landscape, a comprehensive, multi-layered approach to defense is essential. Cyber defense can be broken down into five phases: (1) identification, (2) protection, (3) detection, (4) response, and (5) recovery strategies. To mitigate the risk of cyber incidents, it is crucial to manage threats and vulnerabilities by investing in network protection and malware detection, developing incident response plans and exercises, providing employee training, and establishing backup systems. The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) is the Nation’s risk advisor, partnering with industry and government to understand and manage risk to our Nation’s critical infrastructure. They coordinate security and resilience efforts using trusted partnerships across the private and public sections and deliver technical assistance and assessments to federal stakeholder as well as to infrastructure owners and operators nationwide. Their CISA Resource Hub offers a range of cybersecurity assessments that evaluate operational resilience, cyber security practices, organizational management of external dependencies, and other key elements of a robust and resilient cyber framework. 7.4 Previous Occurrences Cyber incidents occur daily across the globe. The quantity of information being stolen by malicious attackers, destroyed or exposed as a result of a human error, or made unavailable due to a system glitch is growing each year. King County is the recipient of a constant variety of attacks ranging from scans for weaknesses in our defenses, malware, phishing, and internet-based attacks, as well as AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 7: Cyber Incidents 7-12 insider threats. In recent years, we have seen a rise ransomware. Table 7-2 comprises local, state, national, and international events and exemplifies consequences of cyber-incidents. Table 7-2 Notable cyber-attack events, 2014 – 2024 Year Location/Affiliation Vector Description 2014 Washington State Human error Washington State experienced a six hour long 911 system outage due to human error. 2014 United States Malicious insider threat 280,000 AT&T accounts were breached by insiders who accessed user information with malicious intent. 2015 United States Third-party breach The Office of Personnel Management (OPM) experienced a malicious attack resulting in over 20 million compromised personnel records. 2016 United States Third-party breach The US Special Counsel Robert S. Mueller, III investigated Russia’s interference in the 2016 presidential election. Known as the Mueller Report, the investigation states Russians hacked into the Democratic National Committee and released documentation through the media organization WikiLeaks.8 2017 Global Hazard A geomagnetic storm affected power grids and radios. 2017 University of Washington Human error The University of Washington suffered a HIPAA data breach exposing the information of nearly 1 million patients due to human error. 2019 Washington State Ransomware The City of Sammamish was targeted by a ransomware attack that shut down many of the city’s online services, requiring the city manager to declare an emergency and request support from law enforcement and King County IT, as well as hire a tech company to help resolve the crisis. 8 Special Council Robert S. Muller III, Report On The Investigation Into Russian Interference In The 2016 Presidential Election, v. I of II (March 2019): p. 1, https://www.justice.gov/archives/sco/file/1373816/dl?inline= AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 7: Cyber Incidents 7-13 2020 WA Employment Security Department (ESD) Third-party breach Personal information of more than 1.6 million people who filed for unemployment claims through ESD was compromised in 2020. The Office of the Washington State Auditor attributed the breach on a third-party software provider named Accellion, whose services are used to transmit computer files. The state Employment Security Department (ESD) lost $600 million to fraudulent unemployment claims.9 2023 Pierce College District Human error Personal data belonging to more than 155,000 former Pierce College students and staff was leaked on the dark web after a cyber attack. It was the third-largest data breach in Washington state that year.10 2024 City of Newcastle, WA Ransomware The City of Newcastle had fallen victim to a ransomware attack orchestrated by the cybercriminal group RansomHub. The attackers have claimed possession of the city's confidential data and threatened to publish or sell the stolen data if the city did not respond to their demands.11 2024 Port of Seattle Ransomware The Port of Seattle isolated its critical systems after the port identified system outages consistent with a cyberattack. The investigation determined that the unauthorized actor was able to gain access to certain parts of its computer systems and was able to encrypt access to some data. As the port refused to pay the ransom, it is feared that the attacker may post allegedly stolen data on the dark web.12 9 Kurt Schlosser, “Data breach exposes 1.6 million Washington state residents who filed unemployment claims in 2020” Geekwire February 2021): https://www.geekwire.com/2021/data-breach-exposes-1-6-million-washington- state-residents-filed-unemployment-claims-2020/ 10 Shea Johnson, “Pierce College cyberattack exposed 155,000 people’s data. Is the district at fault?” The News Tribune (November 2023): https://www.thenewstribune.com/news/local/article281698368.html 11 Halcyon, RansomHub Ransomware Attack Threatens City of Newcastle, Washington’s Data Security (July 2024) https://www.halcyon.ai/attacks/ransomhub-ransomware-attack-threatens-city-of-newcastle-washingtons-data- security 12 Syed Rakin Rahman, “Port of Seattle shares details of a cyberattack” Port Technology International (September 2024): https://www.porttechnology.org/news/port-of-seattle-shares-details-of-a-cyberattack/ AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 7: Cyber Incidents 7-14 2024 Seattle Public Library Ransomware The Seattle Public Library’s experienced a ransomware attack that took down their systems, internet, public computers, and library catalog at all 27 locations throughout the city.13 2024 Highline School District Ransomware School district within Seattle, WA identified a form of ransomware on their network which shutdown their systems. A third-party cybersecurity forensic specialist and launched an investigation which is ongoing.14 7.5 Probability of Future Occurrences Unlike natural hazards, cyber threats cannot be predicted at regular intervals. However, as our digital reliance increases so will vulnerabilities that can be exploited by threat actors. In mitigating these vulnerabilities, organizations are faced with choices regarding response to ransomware threats. Best practices dictate not paying ransomware attackers the sums of money they request. This is thought to decrease the risk of future occurrences by potentially removing financial gain as a viable option for the target. With increased digital reliance comes increased and evolving technological advancements. Artificial Intelligence makes its way into daily operations for many organizations. While AI can decrease the gap of necessary skilled professionals in cybersecurity and increase efficiency in the detection and response process, it can also decrease the barrier to entry for attackers. Language models make producing phishing messages simple for threat actors.15 Inputting sensitive data into AI models can also pose a risk to organizations as how this data is used and reused by AI models is not well accounted for. Due diligence is needed to ensure companies providing AI services have adequate protection for the data inputted into their models. This may contribute to frequency of cyber threat occurrences in the future. 13 Keely Quinlan, “Seattle Public Library ransomware attack to cost $1M, officials say” Statescoop (September 2024): https://statescoop.com/ransomware-attack-seattle-public-library-2024/ 14 Highline Public Schools, “Incident FAQS” Departments/Communications (2024): https://www.highlineschools.org/departments/communications/incident-faqs 15 IBM, Cost of a Data Breach Report (2024): p. 6 AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 7: Cyber Incidents 7-15 7.6 Climate Change Considerations Artificial Intelligence impacts to carbon emissions and water usage make it a contributor to climate change. As natural disasters, storms, and hazards increase in frequency, vulnerabilities in critical infrastructure impacted by these hazards also increase. 7.7 Impact Assessment Public Anyone who is present in King County during a cyber-incident can be impacted. Impact on residents may include: delayed services such as transportation, impaired or cancelled healthcare services, decreased or no availability of public services, information, and financial loss and exposed or lost information. Responders Emergency responders may not be able to access their mission critical system, and therefore experience delays or performance issues. If data confidentiality is lost the public may lose their trust in the response organization and system. If data integrity is lost it may put patients and first responders at risk. King County may experience a prolonged incident response if the disruption is long lasting, complex and exhausting internal resources. Continuity of Operations Minor cyber incidents which are identified early and are recoverable may have some impact on daily operations before being fully contained but won’t lead to significant loss of operations. A significant incident impacting one or more functions and businesses can severely affect the County’s capability to perform critical operations. However, not all daily operations are critical. The County has defined its essential services, which need to become operational within 0-72 hours after disruption to ensure the organizations capability to maintain critical healthcare, safety, legal and regulatory needs. In the event of a cyber-incident which render a non-critical service unavailable the County may lose revenue, experience loss of productivity and risks losing data over time. Property, Facilities, and Infrastructure Property Cyber incidents can cause physical damage if property such as facilities, devices, infrastructure, or end consumers are affected by the disruption. An incident including utilities, life support devices, transportation or telecommunications may lead to extensive property damages. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 7: Cyber Incidents 7-16 Facilities Last years’ cyber incidents including ransomware attacks, distributed denial of service attacks, system glitches and human error in healthcare systems all demonstrate that cyber incidents are capable of triggering emergencies that impact patient care and public health. If an agency cannot access its own EHR, patient care could be delayed or hindered. Furthermore, if other critical healthcare related systems and devices can’t be accessed or data integrity can’t be guaranteed, patient safety will be at risk. Infrastructure • Energy – Information technology has a direct dependency to energy. A hazard impacting the power system can therefore have a secondary effect on the County and lead to a cyber-incident due to loss of power to devices rendering systems and data unavailable, loss of power to cooling systems which can cause overheating and fires in server rooms and data centers. Critical infrastructure has backup generators. Ensuring fuel delivery during long lasting power outages for the generators is critical. A cyber incident impacting King County and no other organization should not have an effect on the energy system. • Water/Wastewater – Both water and wastewater facilities and infrastructure are vulnerable to cyber incidents on their SCADA systems, which can result in the release of hazardous material and system malfunctions. Such scenarios can result in environmental impact and create health and safety risks in the region. • Transportation – Transportation systems are vulnerable to attacks on their SCADA systems, which may result in trains and vehicles not operating as planned, airport functionality issues, delays, and cancellations which can result in a secondary economic impact in the region due to loss of productive if people can’t access public transportation to and from work. • Communications – The County relies on different types of technology-based communications methods such as its website, VOIP and email to conduct its daily operations. A cyber incident impacting the VOIP or email system would quickly result in a loss of productivity, a negative consumer experience and could potentially halter or delay some of the County’s operations. Environment The loss of control or availability of the County’s SCADA systems could potentially impact the environment in the region if, for example, it causes the release of hazardous materials or improper disposal of wastewater. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 7: Cyber Incidents 7-17 Economy The financial impact of a cyber-incident ranges from little or minimal to significant depending upon duration, scale, affected systems, devices and users. A significant, extended cyber incident affecting most or all of the County’s operations would likely impact the local and possibly regional economy for some time. An incident of that magnitude would likely create significant, potentially long-term or ongoing challenges to the County's ability to fund essential services and activities related to Executive priorities. Organizations who experience cyber incidents which leads to data breaches of sensitive or confidential information can be subjects to legal fines and financial penalties if, for example, Personal Healthcare Information (PHI) is lost or exposed or personal identifiable information including social security numbers, credit card information or driver’s license information is breached. Organizations who fail to meet regulatory and contractual obligations due to a cyber-incident may have significant cost for legal fees, settlements, and fines. Public Confidence in Governance Recent cyber-incidents involving government agencies such as the ransomware attack on the City of Atlanta shows that such large- scale disruption generate National media interest; third party actions; jeopardizes perceptions of effective operations, Executive priorities, and public confidence. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 7: Cyber Incidents 7-18 7.8 Vulnerability Assessment Vulnerable Populations Individuals who have a direct dependency on King County for health and safety reasons are vulnerable to cyber incidents impacting their needed services. Other vulnerable populations include individuals and organizations who depend on an income from the County if payments can’t be processed, who are dependent on critical public services or County provided transportation. Property Critical SCADA Systems Industrial control systems which are used to control infrastructure and facility-based processes such as wastewater treatment and airports. Environment If SCADA systems were to become compromised, ecosystems could become vulnerable to the release of hazardous material. This impacts waterways, soil, and vegetation. Operations Facilities such as data centers and incident response facilities. The County has identified a number of essential services which are critical to support life, health, safety and legal requirements in the region. Although separate communication systems can be utilized in the event of a severe incident the County still relies on its communications systems for daily operations. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) Risk Assessment Scoring 2 Location Ha z a r d 2 Probability 3 Magnitude 2 Public Im p a c t 2 Responders 2 COP 3 PFI 3 Environment 3 Economy 3 PCG 2 People Vu l n e r a b i l i t y 2 Property 2 Environment 2 Operations 2 People Ri s k 3 Property 3 Environment 2 Operations High Overall Risk Chapter 8Dam Failure AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 8: Dam Failure 8-2 Chapter 8: Dam Failure 8.1 Hazard Description Dam failure is an uncontrolled, often times, rapid release of water from an impoundment.1 The impact of failure varies on factors such as impoundment size, steepness, land use downstream of the dam, and speed of failure. For larger dams, failure is characterized by a flood wave with high velocities. Smaller dams may only raise water levels slightly and slowly. The result of a dam failure can result in loss of life, property, infrastructure damage, public health impacts, safe drinking water, and environmental degradation within the inundation zone, but may have secondary effects on populations outside of the flooded area. King County has 127 dams that serve in a variety of ways, agriculture, hydroelectric power generation, flood control, and recreation. All but eleven of these dams are embankment-type dams. Contrary to the popular images of dams like the Hoover dam, these dams are smaller and are typically made of a mixture of compacted materials such as soil, clay, and rock. A semi-pervious outer covering with a dense impervious core gives embankment dams their ability to resist seepage and water pressure. The other dams are made of concrete. Dams fail for a variety of reasons, but the four most common are:2 • Overtopping, 34% - caused by the reservoir reaching capacity and water spilling over the top of a dam. • Foundation defects, 30% - caused by settlement and slope instability. • Piping and seepage, 20% - when water travels through the dam and causes internal erosion. • Conduits and valves, 10% - Piping of embankment material into the conduit through joints or cracks. 3 1 Tetra Tech. 2017. King County Dam Safety Emergency Planning Gap Analysis Report. Page 10. 2 Washington State Department of Ecology – Water Resource Program – Dam Safety Office. Accessed 8/28/2019. https://ecology.wa.gov/Water-Shorelines/Water-supply/Dams/Emergency-planning-response/Incidents-failures. 3 Washington State Department of Ecology – Water Resource Program – Dam Safety Office. 2018. Status of High and Significant Hazard Dams. Page 6. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 8: Dam Failure 8-3 Causation Dam failure events are infrequent and may coincide with other events, such as earthquakes, landslides, excessive rainfall, wildfires, lahars and snowmelt. The average age of dams in King County is 47. As infrastructure ages, increased spending is needed to maintain its integrity. Following is a selection of events that may cause a dam to fail. Table 8-1 Causation of dam failure by hazard events Causation Description Earthquake4 Earthquakes can result in damage or failure of a dam. Earthquake effects on dams mainly depend on dam types. For example, the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake damaged 48 dams, causing one embankment type dam to fail 5. Safety concerns for embankment dams subjected to earthquakes involve either the loss of stability due to a loss of strength of the embankment and foundation materials or deformations such as slumping, settlement, cracking and planer or rotational slope failures. Dams are engineered to withstand the Maximum Considered Earthquake, but older dams may have been engineered before we fully understood the earthquake risk in the region. Climate Change6 While dam failure probabilities are low. The chance of flooding associated with changes of dam operation in response to weather patterns is higher. Dam designs and operations are developed in part from hydrographs and historical records. If weather patterns experience significant changes over time due to the impacts of climate change, the dam design and operations may no longer be valid for the changed condition. Release rates and impound thresholds may have to be changed. This would result in increased discharges downstream, thus increasing the probability and severity of flooding. Landslides 7 The integrity of a dam or reservoir can be affected by a landslide if they fail or move. Landslides can be triggered by heavy rainfall, snowmelt, reservoir drawdown, or earthquakes. Landslides can occur upstream in the reservoir, in a canyon downstream of a dam, or within the abutment of a dam. A landslide into the reservoir can generate a wave large enough to overtop a dam. Sloshing back and forth in the reservoir can 4 KUOW. Seattle’s Faults: Maps that Highlight Our Shaky Ground. Accessed 8/29/19. http://archive.kuow.org/post/seattles-faults-maps-highlight-our-shaky-ground 5 International Commission on Large Dams. 2013. The 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Dams. Page 9. 6 Climate Impacts Group - University of Washington. 2018. New Projections of Changing Heavy Precipitation in King County. Page 40. 7 Washington State Department of Natural Resources. Geological Portal Information. Accessed 8/28/2019. https://geologyportal.dnr.wa.gov/#natural_hazards AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 8: Dam Failure 8-4 result in multiple waves overtopping the dam. If the waves are large enough, there could be downstream consequences just from a wave overtopping the dam even if it doesn’t fail. If enough large waves overtop an embankment dam or a concrete dam with erodible abutments, a failure could potentially result 8. Some dams in the County have been built abutting a landslide. Often, these are ancient landslides that have stopped moving or are moving very slowly. However, if a landslide moves far enough, it can crack the core of an embankment dam, resulting in pathways for internal erosion to initiate, or disrupting the abutment support of a dam, resulting in failure.9 Wildfires 10 Many of the County’s highest hazard dams lie within wildfire-prone areas. Wildfires can damage dams, such as Eightmile dam near Leavenworth, directly by burning the surface of the dam or spillway and damaging other facilities at the dam. But the main threat from wildfires is how the surrounding watershed behaves. Heavy rains in a burned area can create: • More and faster runoff from rainfall events, especially high-intensity storms. • Large amounts of sediment, which may reduce storage capacity in a reservoir. • Debris flows (mudslides) or downed timber, which may obstruct access to the dam. • Debris flows from hill slopes near spillways, which may obstruct spillways. • More floating debris (dead trees, branches, sticks) in a reservoir, which may obstruct spillways11 8 U.S Department of the Interior: Bureau of Reclamation. 2015. Risk Management: H-2 Landslide Risks. Page 1. 9 Quartz. 2015. The World’s Biggest Hydro Power Project May Be Causing Giant Landslides in China. https://qz.com/436880/the-worlds-biggest-hydropower-project-may-be-causing-giant-landslides-in-china/ 10 NW News Network. 2019. Eightmile Dam Near Leavenworth Has New Spillway, Is Being Monitored. https://www.nwnewsnetwork.org/post/eightmile-dam-near-leavenworth-has-new-spillway-being-monitored 11 Washington State Department of Ecology - Water Resources Program - Dam Safety Office. 2015. Focus on Dams and Wildfires. Page 1. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 8: Dam Failure 8-5 Additionally, new development, outside of the 100-year flood plain, continues in dam inundation zones, meaning the population-at-risk from dam failure will continue to rise. Below shows development outside of the floodplain, but within a dam failure inundation area. 8.2 Location There are a total of 127 dams located within King County, with an additional 20 dams situated outside, though their inundation zones extend into the county. Figure 1-1 illustrates all identified dams in the county, color-coded from dark blue to light blue. The darker blue shades represent higher hazard classifications, while the lighter blue indicates lower hazard classifications. The six dams marked with circles are classified as "Significant Dams" due to their potential impact, if they were to fail. Green River 2009 Green River 2012 100-Year Floodplain AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 8: Dam Failure 8-6 Figure 8-2 Dams in King County Howard A Hanson Howard Hanson, constructed in 1961, is a federally owned and operated dam by the United States Army Corps of Engineers. Its primary purpose is to provide flood control in the winter and fish enhancement in the summer. It dramatically reduced the amount of flooding that the Green River Valley experienced before its construction. The right abutment of the dam is the toe of a large landslide. Seepage problems can occur for dams built into landslides. As mentioned previously, landslide activity can pose a serious risk to dams. Many mitigation actions have been taken to reduce risk at the dam, such as a gravel blanket and additional vertical and horizontal drains in the drainage tunnel have all drastically improved the safety of the dam. If preventative actions are not taken, internal erosion could fail the dam. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 8: Dam Failure 8-7 South Fork Tolt Dam The South Fork Tolt Dam is owned and operated by the City of Seattle. It is a hydroelectric dam that also provides drinking water for 30% of 1.3 million people across the greater Seattle area. South Fork Tolt Dam is a large embankment type dam, equipped with a morning glory spillway. The Tolt dam has known landslide hazards below the dam, and above the reservoir. If a slide were to occur below the dam, the slide may create a dam of its own. Engineers would need to evaluate what action should be taken. The Tolt Dam would have to lower the amount of flow downstream why the risk is being assessed. Additionally, if a slide were to occur in the reservoir, an overtopping wave may be generated that could cause the dam to fail or send a flood wave downstream. Mud Mountain Dam Mud Mountain Dam is a United States Army Corps of Engineer owned and operated dam on the White River. Its primary purpose is to provide flood control for nearly 400,000 residents in King and Pierce Counties. Typically, there isn’t a reservoir being impounded by the dam. During heavy rains or times of snowmelt, engineers will impound the water and slowly release it downstream to avoid flooding residents. The White River is a glacial river fed by Mt. Rainier. This leaves the possibility that a lahar, triggered by an earthquake, volcanic activity, or heavy rains could cause a debris flow that would block the intake structure on the dam. Such an event would decrease the storage capacity of the reservoir and cause flows to travel over the spillway. The loss in flood control capabilities on the White River would leave the Green, White, and Puyallup River Valleys susceptible to flooding. Culmback Dam Situated in Snohomish County, but inundating a portion of the King County’s Lower Snoqualmie Valley, the Culmback Dam is owned and operated by Snohomish Public Utility District One. Culmback offers hydroelectric power generation, flood control, drinking water, and recreational benefits to the region. Culmback Dam’s morning glory spillway is designed to maintain adequate levels of freeboard in maximum probable flood events. Changes in hydrology affect the amount of water a dam would need to convey downstream to keep it from failing. Culmback Dam’s watershed lies within a densely forested area that slows the speed in which water enters the reservoir, prevents sediment from entering the reservoir, and prevents debris flows. A wildfire around the dam would increase the hydrologic strain on the dam. An increased flow could be compensated with larger releases from the dam but would result in flooding of the Town of Sultan. If not, enough water could be discharged, an overtopping scenario at the dam would prove very dangerous. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 8: Dam Failure 8-8 Lake Tapps Lake Tapps is a reservoir that sits in Pierce County made up of a system of dikes. If particular dikes were to fail, they would inundate Auburn and portions of the Green and White River Valley. Lake Tapps was built by Puget Sound Energy in 1911 and ran a hydroelectric program until 2004. Lake Tapps was purchased by Cascade Water Alliance in 2009 who currently owns and operates the reservoir. Its primary function is to provide drinking water to a group of contracting King County cities and water districts. In addition to providing drinking water, Lake Tapps is also a residential community, many of whom use the Lake for recreational purposes. While residents are instructed to stay off the dikes, there is no physical security to keep individuals from accessing the structure. Many dikes have publicly accessible roads. Acts of terrorism or sabotage could pose a serious threat to the integrity of the levees. Madsen Creek Flow and Water Control Pond Madsen Creek Pond is a King County-owned dam. Constructed in 2008, its primary purpose is to provide flood control in extreme rainfall events. There is oftentimes no impoundment behind the dam in Summer months when there isn’t consistent rainfall. Madsen Creek Pond is designed to store runoff from a 100-year 24-hour storm and still maintain freeboard necessary to prevent flooding downstream. While the dam is comparatively very young as climate patterns become more unpredictable, Madsen Creek Pond and other dams may need to be retrofitted to accommodate the change in probable maximum precipitation. If actions were not taken to adjust to the new hydrology, chances of failure from an overtopping situation or an uncontrolled release would become higher. Cedar Falls Project Masonry Dam While there have been fewer failures of concrete dams than earthen dams in general12, this doesn’t mean that failure is unrealistic. The Masonry dam sits near the Rattlesnake Mountain Fault. While concrete dams have escaped failure in earthquake scenarios, minor damage has been observed. The Masonry Dam would need to be assessed for damage after an earthquake for cracking or other deficiencies in the structure or supporting structures. If deficiencies are noted, action must be taken to ensure that the dam doesn’t fail. Earthquakes can also trigger landslides around the dam. Finally, large earthquakes can devastate communities, created a resource-scarce environment, potentially making it more difficult to find resources. 12 Association of State Dam Safety Officials. 1989. Failure of Concrete Dams. Page 4. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 8: Dam Failure 8-9 8.3 Magnitude The impact of a dam failure depends on factors such as the size of the impoundment, the steepness of the terrain, downstream land use, and the speed of failure. For larger dams, failure typically results in a fast-moving flood wave with high velocities. In contrast, smaller dams may only cause a gradual rise in water levels. The consequences of a dam failure can include loss of life, property damage, destruction of infrastructure, public health risks, contamination of drinking water, and environmental harm within the inundation zone. Additionally, there may be secondary effects on communities and ecosystems outside the flooded area. While there are 127 dams in King County, there are 21 other dams situated in neighboring counties that impact the County if they were to fail. Out of the 147 total dams, 94 threaten human life. Table 8-2 Dam hazard classification Hazard Class Number 1A = High – Greater than 300 lives at risk 10 1B = High – 31 to 300 lives at risk 18 1C = High – 7 to 30 lives at risk 42 2* = Significant – 1 to 6 lives at risk 17 2D = Significant – 1 to 6 lives at risk 7 2E = Significant – Environmental or economic impact 3 3 = Low – No lives at risk 50 * Legacy classification, parsing all 2's into 2D's and 2E's 13 the KCOEM Dam Safety program consists of creating response plans for high hazard dams in the community, educating at-risk populations of the threat of dam failure, and connecting poor condition dams to resources that are available for repair or removal of the dam. The King County Emergency Management Dam Safety Officer works closely with Washington State Department of Ecology’s Dam and Wells Manager to share information and create a regional effort to heighten dam safety in the County. The information on dams in the hazard profile are from the State Department of Ecology’s Inventory of Dams. The Washington State Department of Ecology Dam Safety Office (DSO) is the regulating body over non-federal dams that impound at least 10-acre feet of water in the State of Washington. The DSO permits all new dam construction, inspects all high and significant hazard dams every 5 years, and requires that all deficiencies be remedied. 8.4 Previous Occurrences King County has high hazard 1A dams that sit on the Green, White, Cedar, and Tolt Rivers. Additionally, Culmback dam in Snohomish County would flood parts of the Lower Snoqualmie 13 Washington State Department of Ecology - Water Resources Program - Dam Safety Office. 2019. Inventory of Dams Report. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 8: Dam Failure 8-10 Valley. The Green, White and Lower Snoqualmie Valleys are the areas of greatest concern for dam failure. Smaller privately owned and government dams are also a concern, as they may not have access to funding streams that other larger municipal governments do. Four dam failure incidents have occurred in King County; they account for all lives lost due to dam failure in Washington State:14 Table 8-3 Previous dam failure events Date Dam Name Description December 1918 Masonry Dam Located near North Bend, Masonry Dam had excessive seepage, which caused a mudflow, destroyed a railroad line and damaged the village of Eastwick; no lives lost. Now referred to as the “Boxley Burst”. February 1932 Eastwick RR Fill The failure was caused by a blockage in the culvert. Resulting in the destruction of the town of Eastwick and the loss of 7 lives. January 1997 N. Boeing Creek Dam Failure from damage caused by seepage resulted in water running into an intersection and detention pond. January 2009 Howard Hanson Dam Two depressions were discovered in the right abutment of the United States Army Corps of Engineers’ Howard Hanson Dam. While repairs were being conducted, there was a 1 in 3 chance of a 25,000 cfs release down the Green River which would have caused significant flooding. The USACE was able to fully fix the dam by 2011 before a substantial flood ensued. King County and local jurisdictions spent $30 million on flood protection that wasn’t reimbursed by FEMA.15 January 2009 Mud Mountain Dam Mud Mountain Dam, owned and operated by the USACE, released a higher than usual flow down the White River during a heavy rain event. As a result, 100 homes were flooded. Since then, King County Flood Control District, Washington State, and Pierce County jointly funded a levee setback to reduce the risk of flooding and increase habitat restoration 16. 14 Washington State Department of Ecology - Water Resources Program - Dam Safety Office. 2019. Washington State Notable Dam Failures and Incidents. 15 Seattle Times. 2011. FEMA won’t pick up $30 million tab to prepare for flooding. https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/fema-wont-pick-up-30-million-tab-to-prepare-for-flooding/ 16 King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks – Water and Land Resource Division. 2018. Lower White River Countyline Levee Setback Project. https://www.kingcounty.gov/depts/dnrp/wlr/sections- programs/river-floodplain-section/capital-projects/lower-white-river-countyline-a-street.aspx AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 8: Dam Failure 8-11 In King County, levees have a long history of damage and sediment problems resulting in costly repairs. Notable levee damage that has occurred since 2013 includes: • Two flood events in November 2015 and December 2015 caused widespread impacts in King County, especially along the South Fork Skykomish River, Snoqualmie River, Tolt River, and Green River. These events resulted in the following levee damage: o South Fork Skykomish River – Levee armor eroded from Town of Skykomish Left Bank Levee. o North Fork Snoqualmie River – A total breach of the Shake Mill Left Bank Levee occurred, but no private property or infrastructure was damaged. o Middle Fork Snoqualmie River– Damage to the levee face of the Mason Thorson Extension Levee. o South Fork Snoqualmie River – Damage to the face of the Reif Road Levee. o Tolt River – Face rock was displaced from the Girl Scout Camp and Frew levees. o Green River – Scour and slumping along the Tukwila 205 Levee. • A significant flood event in January – February 2020 damaged numerous flood protection facilities along the Cedar River, Green River, and Issaquah Creek, including: – Cedar River – Damage to the Belmondo Levee (which protects a regional fiber optic line, a regional trail, and a state highway) and erosion and scour at the Orchard Grove, Royal Arch, McDonald, Jan Road, and Getchman levees. – Green River – Erosion at the Fort Dent Levee, seepage and ponding at the Desimone and Briscoe School levees, and cracking in the crest of the McCoy Levee. Issaquah Creek – Erosion at the State Route 18 Upstream and Downstream levees. 8.5 Probability of Future Occurrences The likelihood of a dam failure in King County is very low. While the county’s location near the Juan de Fuca Plate and Puget Sound Faults does lead to more frequent earthquakes than other parts of the U.S., the risk of dam failure from seismic activity is still minimal. Many of the dams in King County are relatively new, which reduces the chance of structural damage. Additionally, all large, high-hazard dams in the area are closely regulated by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) and other agencies. These organizations ensure that dams are properly maintained and that operators are prepared for potential emergencies, such as flooding. 8.6 Climate Change Considerations Climate change introduces several factors that can increase the risk of dam failure. Wildfires, for example, can heighten the likelihood of landslides and sloughing, creating cascading hazards. Additionally, debris runoff from fires can lead to post-fire sedimentation and siltation in downstream dams. Warmer water temperatures, a direct result of climate change, can contribute AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 8: Dam Failure 8-12 to soil saturation, increasing the risk of dam seepage. The earlier spring thaw and changing snowmelt patterns may also cause higher flow rates, placing additional stress on dams. Heavy rainfall events can lead to erosion and scouring near dams, exacerbating runoff and increasing water pressure, while rising temperatures lead to faster evaporation, which may weaken dam structures over time. Both extreme heat and cold can further damage the structural integrity of dams. Finally, the increasing frequency and intensity of precipitation events elevate the risk of dam overtopping and complicate freeboard management, making it harder to ensure the dam's safety in extreme weather conditions. 8.7 Impact Assessment With all the dams in the county, only a small amount of information can be shared here due to “For Official Use Only Designation”. Another reason is that there is a lack of in-depth study done on dam failure impacts to King County. The best and most available estimates for dam failure damages/impacts are from the potential high release scenario at Howard Hanson Dam in 2009. Examples provided here relate to those studies. Public As the Green River Valley experience drastic differences in day time/night time population being an economic hub. The number of people that would need to be evacuated could drastically differ from the numbers identified in the hazard classification. An estimate in 2009 put a 25,000 cfs release from Howard Hanson triggering an evacuation on the scale of 200,000 to 300,000 people.17 Responders Kent, Pacific, Seattle, Renton Regional Fire Authority, Valley Regional Fire Authority, and Eastside Fire and Rescue all have fires stations within dam inundation areas. Auburn, Algona, Pacific, Kent, Seattle, State Patrol Crime Lab, and King County Sherriff all have stations in dam failure inundations. Continuity of Operations Auburn, Kent, Tukwila, Carnation, Pacific, and Algona all have city halls within inundation areas. Courts, the County Elections office, King County Regional Justice Center in Kent where Superior Courts, Adult Detention, and other county agencies are located within dam failure inundation areas as well. 17 Seattlepi. 2019. 300,000 might have to evacuate if Green River Floods. https://www.seattlepi.com/seattlenews/article/300-000-might-have-to-evacuate-if-Green-River-889468.php AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 8: Dam Failure 8-13 Property, Facilities, Infrastructure Dam Name Residential Buildings Impacted in King County (Full Pool Failure) Estimated Impacted in King County (Sunny Day Failure)* Mud Mountain 9,992 829 Howard Hanson 8,508 2,545 South Fork Tolt 935 N/A Lake Youngs 1,120 873 Culmback 59 N/A Other Dams Combined (Estimate) N/A N/A 18 *Sunny day failure assumes a regular pool 2009 modelling of a high release from Howard Hanson. Structures impacted Lower Green In 17,000 cfs impact area In 25,000 cfs impact area Residential 3,486 1,743 1,937 Commercial 16,798 12,245 13,667 Industrial 7,839 6,549 6,644 19 Facilities 18 Tetra Tech. 2017. King County Dam Safety Emergency Planning Gap Analysis Report. Page 168. 19 FEMA Region X. 2009. HAZUS Analysis for the Green River Valley. Page 166. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 8: Dam Failure 8-14 MultiCare Auburn Medical Center lies within a dam failure inundation area, but further study is needed to fully understand the impacts on health systems from dam failure. Infrastructure Infrastructure impacts vary dramatically based on the individual dam and type of failure. • Energy- While there are dams that generate power in the County, they provide a relatively small amount of power. The Cedar, Snoqualmie, Twin Falls and, Tolt projects account for only 126 max MW output 20. Power outages may be long term in areas where there has been a failure. • Water/Wastewater – Drinking water availability would be drastically impacted by a failure of the Masonry, Lake Tapps, Lake Youngs, and Howard Hanson Dams. A failure of one of the many of the reservoirs around the County would also challenge water systems. The King County South Treatment Plant also lies within a dam failure inundation area. • Transportation- Rail lines (commercial and commuter), LINK Light Rail, bus routes, numerous state highways, and numerous bridges can be impacted by dam failure. Environment The primary environmental impact from dam failure is natural and manmade debris from the inundation. Silt, wood, rocks and gravel, hazardous materials, construction debris, vehicles, dead animals may be carried by inundation waters to locations that may be spawning areas for local fish, wetlands for birds and reptiles, or inhabited areas that the County has invested in heavily. While recovery and impact will vary with each inundation area. Economy The Green River Valley is an economic powerhouse in the region. Flood damage prevented in the valley by Howard Hanson Dam since the January 2009 flood is estimated at $6 billion alone 21. The economic impact of a failure would devastate the region. With large employers, such as Boeing, and economic centers like the South Center Mall, in the Valley, a dam failure would leave the local economy crippled. Commutes, roadways, and rail lines would all be impacted by a high release from Howard Hanson. Unemployment may follow in areas that experience a dam failure. 20 Bonneville Power Administration. 2018 Transmission Plan. 2018. Page 77. 21 USACE. Howard A. Hanson Dam. Accessed 8/28/2019. https://www.nws.usace.army.mil/Missions/Civil- Works/Locks-and-Dams/Howard-Hanson-Dam/ AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 8: Dam Failure 8-15 Public Confidence in Governance A dam failure may cause the public to lose confidence in dam owners, both public and private, to manage local dams. Depending on the success of the response, the public may also lose confidence in first responders. 8.8 Vulnerability Assessment Vulnerable Populations Dam inundation areas consist of some of the highest Limited English Proficiency populations in the County. Spanish, Vietnamese, African Languages, and Mandarin are all spoken in high percentages in dam inundation areas. Auburn, Kent, and Riverview School District, as well as private schools, have locations that are vulnerable to dam failure. Riverview school district practices an evacuation of Carnation Elementary School and Tolt Middle School every September in the City of Carnation. Both schools would need to be evacuated if the South Fork Tolt Dam failed. Preliminary studies indicate that there are at least 15 assisted living facilities within dam inundation areas.22 Evacuation will take longer for this population than most. A 2019 report indicates that there 11,199 individuals experiencing homelessness in the County.23 Alert and warning can be especially challenging for this population as they may not be tied to a geo-coded database. Lack of public knowledge Most dams use a “For Official Use Only” designation on their inundation maps. This means that inundation maps only be shared on a need-to-know basis. A lack of public knowledge about dams, their presence in the community, and their failure potential creates an added challenge in creating a resilient community. Property Dam events, such as seepage, overtopping, or failure, can cause significant damage or destruction to homes, businesses, and other property in downstream flood areas. For this reason, it is recommended that people in these areas secure insurance or review their current coverage to ensure they’re protected. The extent of downstream impacts can vary depending on the size of the dam and 22 FEMA Region X. 2009. HAZUS Analysis for the Green River Valley. Page 168. 23 All Home. 2019. Seattle/King County Point-In-Time County of Persons Experiencing Homelessness. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 8: Dam Failure 8-16 the specific event, but generally, low-lying areas in floodplains with dense infrastructure are most at risk for physical damage and economic disruption. Environment Dam incidents, particularly dam failures, can have significant negative impacts on both downstream and upstream environments. A sudden failure often leads to severe erosion and a rapid increase in sediment in local water sources. Additionally, ecosystems in the area are affected by the sudden release of water and debris. In some cases, smaller dams may contain contaminated water, which can pose chemical or biological risks to the local environment. While these instances are rare and typically involve small dams with limited water storage, they still present a potential hazard. Moreover, such events can disrupt migrating fish populations, which in turn may affect local communities that rely on fishing as an economic resource. Operations Small Local Government and Privately Owned Dams These dams may not have access to funding, or have employees dedicated to dam safety. This means that there is a higher chance that maintenance and deficiencies go unmediated. Thus, leading to a higher chance of dam failure. Emergency Action Plan High and significant dams are required to have Emergency Action Plans in Washington State. Missing EAPs and out of date EAPs pose a risk if owners are unequipped to deal with an emergency at their dam. Dam Standard Any dam that is designated as “poor” or “unsatisfactory” by the Washington State Dam Safety Office should be brought to a higher standard. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) Risk Assessment Scoring 4 Location Ha z a r d 3 Probability 4 Magnitude 3 Public Im p a c t 3 Responders 4 COP 4 PFI 3 Environment 4 Economy 4 PCG 4 People Vu l n e r a b i l i t y 4 Property 3 Environment 4 Operations 4 People Ri s k 4 Property 4 Environment 4 Operations Very High Overall Risk PC: Elaine Thompson, The Associate Press Chapter 9Earthquake AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 9: Earthquake 9-2 Chapter 9: Earthquake 9.1 Hazard Description Washington has the second- highest earthquake risk in the United States, after California. This risk largely originates from the Cascadia subduction zone (CSZ) off the coast of Washington where Juan de Fuca Plate collides and descends beneath the North American Plate. This tectonic activity generates significant stress in the earth, making the region prone to powerful earthquakes. Earthquakes present the greatest regional threat in terms of potential damage, casualties, economic disruption, and social impacts. Disruptions to essential services, including communications, power, gas, water, and transportation infrastructure, are also inevitable. The severity of an earthquake’s impact is driven by ground shaking and secondary impacts include liquefaction, landslides, tsunamis, and even post-earthquake fires. Table 9-1 Earthquake secondary hazards Secondary Hazard Description Ground shaking The most immediate and widespread consequence of an earthquake. Ground shaking can also happen from foreshocks or aftershocks that can persist for days to even decades, worsening damage and injuries. While the shaking itself rarely causes fatalities, the resulting destruction—such as collapsing buildings and falling debris—is a major contributor to casualties. Liquefaction Occurs when soft, water-saturated soils lose their strength during an earthquake and behave like a liquid. This phenomenon can severely damage buildings and infrastructure that rely on solid ground for support, particularly in areas with loose sedimentary soils. Landslides Soil, rock or debris that detach and fall downslope – can be triggered by ground shaking. Depending on where the landslide occurs, this event can lead to additional cascading effects. For instance, in 1949 an earthquake landslide that occurred on the Tacoma Narrows generated a tsunami. Tsunamis A destructive movement of the ocean involving at least one ‘wave’, and strong currents. Even a relatively ‘small’ tsunami could be devastating to AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 9: Earthquake 9-3 port and maritime infrastructure within Puget Sound.1 There is evidence that an earthquake on the Seattle fault that occurred around 923-24 CE produced a 16-foot tsunami. Dam failure Earthquakes can cause significant shaking that may compromise the structural integrity of dams. If a dam is already weakened by age, poor maintenance, or underlying geological issues, the seismic forces can cause cracks, ruptures, or even complete failure of the dam structure. This would result in the flooding of inundation zones. Volcanic eruptions/ Lahar The shaking from the earthquake can impact volcanic systems. Particularly if a volcano is already experiencing unrest, an earthquake could induce a landslide, the collapse of a volcanic vent, or disrupt the pressure balance inside a volcano, leading to an eruption. An example of this is the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens where an earthquake triggered a landslide. This led the volcano, which had already been at an elevated level of activity, to violently erupt out of the north face where the landslide had occurred. Hazardous material release Earthquakes can trigger hazmat releases from a pipelines rupture, underground fuel storage tanks fail, oil train derailment, or damage to port facilities. 9.2 Location The Juan de Fuca plate is moving northeastward with respect to the North American plate at a rate of 3 to 4 centimeters per year. The boundary where these two plates converge, the Cascadia subduction zone, lies approximately 50 miles offshore from Washington and extends nearly 700 miles from northern Vancouver Island in British Columbia to northern California. The collision of these two tectonic plates produces three types of earthquakes: crustal (shallow) earthquakes, deep earthquakes, and subduction zone earthquakes. The relative frequency of these events varies across the region; for example, deep earthquakes have historically occurred more frequently in parts of western Washington, however, it dependents on the tectonic environment and in lots of places, shallow crustal earthquakes are more common than deep earthquakes. Subduction zone earthquakes are rarest events in the region but pose the most significant risk. 1 Seattle Office of Emergency Management, “Tsunamis and Seiches” Seattle.gov (n.d.) https://www.seattle.gov/emergency-management/hazards/tsunamis-and-seiches. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 9: Earthquake 9-4 Figure 9-1 Earthquake sources and past events Subduction zone earthquakes originate from the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ), located off the coast of Washington and Oregon. These earthquakes are the largest, because they happen on such a long fault. While they occur offshore and are distant from many communities, they still pose a major threat. A subduction zone earthquake has the potential to reach a magnitude of 9.0 or greater. If this occurs, it will trigger a tsunami along the entire fault line, from British Columbia to Mendocino, California. However, even if a megathrust earthquake along the CSZ doesn’t reach a magnitude of 9.0, a tsunami could still be generated. The ground shaking from such an event would last several minutes, causing catastrophic regional damage from the earthquake itself and widespread destruction from the resulting tsunami. Additionally, these earthquakes are typically followed by numerous large aftershocks. Deep earthquakes are the most frequent earthquakes in the Puget Sound area. They occur within the Juan de Fuca plate as it subducts beneath the North American Plate, at depths ranging from 16 to 60 miles. Due to their depth, aftershocks are typically not felt. Deep earthquakes usually last between 20 to 30 seconds and can reach magnitudes of 7 to 7.5 on the moment magnitude scale. The most recent major deep earthquake in the Puget Sound region was the 6.8 magnitude Nisqually Earthquake on February 28, 2001. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 9: Earthquake 9-5 Crustal earthquakes occur within the North American plate at depths of 18 miles or less. Typically, they have magnitudes under 8 and last between 20 to 60 seconds. Local examples include: • Seattle Fault, running east to west through downtown Seattle. • Rattlesnake Mountain Fault Zone, running northwest to southeast through Fall City, Snoqualmie, and North Bend. Of the three types of earthquakes, the timelines and recurrence intervals for crustal events are the least understood. In 2020, the USGS refreshed their documentation of crustal faults in Washington, and the WGS is currently engaged in mapping faults from North Bend to the southeast edge of King County. Figure 9-2 2020 USGS Crustal Faults in King County, Crustal Faults 9.3 Magnitude In earthquake science, there are two kinds of magnitude; the Moment Magnitude Scale (MW) that measures amount of energy released when an earthquake happens, and the Earthquake Intensity USGS Quaternary Faults National Seismic Hazard Model 2021-2025 mapping AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 9: Earthquake 9-6 Scale (or Modified Mercalli Intensity MMI) that is based on impacts to people, property, and operations. Moment Magnitude Scale Washington Department of Natural Resources (WADNR) no longer uses the Richter scale, but the Moment Magnitude Scale. It’s logarithmic, meaning for every single digit increase the moment magnitude, you have a 32 times stronger earthquake, which translates to 32 times the amount of energy released at the source. A magnitude 2 earthquake with be equivalent to 56 kilograms of explosive whereas a magnitude 10 earthquake would release over 60 trillion kilograms of explosive. Figure 9-3 Moment Magnitude Scale Earthquake Intensity Scale Earthquake intensity, or ground shaking, is measured by the Modified Mercalli Scale. Its intensity depends on the original moment magnitude and the distance of where the earthquake started to where the impacts are being assessed, and the soil type and material near the surface at the area being shaken. A shallowly-sourced earthquake that has relatively small magnitude, but nearer to populated areas is potentially more damaging than a much larger magnitude earthquake that is farther away from AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 9: Earthquake 9-7 populated areas. Even when an earthquake source is distant, unconsolidated soils, such as uncompacted sands, or gravels, found in many floodplains or river valleys, amplify shaking, leading to more potential damage. Figure 9-4 Earthquake Intensity Scale Liquefaction The National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP) supports map creation based on soil characteristics to help identify locations subject to ground shaking amplification and liquefaction during earthquakes. Areas with NEHRP soil classes D, E and F are prone to shaking amplification, and structures in these areas experience greater damage during shaking. These soils also tend to be more susceptible to liquefaction. Table 9-2 NEHRP Soil Classification System NEHRP Soil Type Description Mean Shear Velocity in Meters per Second A Hard Rock 1500 B Firm to Hard Rock 760-1500 C Dense Soil / Soft Rock 360-760 D Stiff Soil 180-360 E Soft Clay <180 F Special Study Soils (liquefiable soils, sensitive clays, organic soils, soft clays > 36 meters thick) AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 9: Earthquake 9-8 Figure 9-5 shows the level of susceptibility areas in King County area to liquefaction. Liquefaction maps in Washington State have not been updated for some time. However, there is currently an academic government collaborative, CRESCENT, that is working with the Washington Department of Natural Resources to update state maps relating to ground shaking and liquefaction. Figure 9-5 Liquefaction susceptibility in King County AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 9: Earthquake 9-9 Figure 9-6 Nisqually Earthquake 2001, Impact Map An example of an Intensity Scale map from the Nisqually earthquake of 2001. Colors match the scale in Figure 9-4. This was a deep earthquake, which are the most frequently occurring types in Washington. The map shows only a few areas experiencing up to very strong to severe shaking. However, the shaking happened over a broad area. King County, highlighted in white, saw high impacts along the Duwamish River where there is soft surface material. The grey band shows the area in Washington prone to such deep-seated earthquakes. 9.4 Previous Occurrences Figure 9-7 Past Earthquakes in Washington AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 9: Earthquake 9-10 Name Source Date Size Nisqually Earthquake Deep – Juan de Fuca February 28, 2001 M 6.8 This earthquake, with an epicenter 10 miles northeast of Olympia in Thurston County (over 40 miles from Seattle), resulted in statewide losses exceeding $2 billion and injured 700 people, many in King County.2 A landslide in King County generated from the 2001 Nisqually Earthquake partially blocked the Cedar River – flooding several homes. The 6.8 magnitude Nisqually earthquake was centered under Anderson Island in south Puget Sound. The most extensive damage occurred along the Interstate-5 corridor, where river sediments led to shaking amplification and liquefaction impacts. Damage was experienced in 300,000 households, many from settling foundations. Buildings built prior to 1950 located in the south downtown area and Pioneer Square in Seattle were the most impacted; structural damage to chimneys, walls, foundations, and nonstructural elements accounted for two-thirds of all damage reported.3 Insured losses were recorded as $305M with $2B in losses overall. Of those persons impacted, 21% had earthquake insurance but did not meet the deductible. 75% of retail businesses in Seattle that were impacted closed for a period for cleanup or repairs. The average closure was 4.8 days in Pioneer Square. Of those businesses impacted, 50% were financially threatened with closure. Harbor Island saw 69 businesses impacted for an average of $30,900. The Nisqually Earthquake led to a new emphasis in Washington, and King County especially, on the importance of retrofitting historic, unreinforced masonry buildings (URMs). The loss of historic buildings is not only costly in financial terms but can alter the social fabric of a community and fundamentally change its feel and sense of place. Puget Sound Earthquake Deep – Juan de Fuca April 1965 M 6.5 At magnitude 6.5, the earthquake killed seven people and caused $12.5 Million in damage (1965 dollars). Severe shaking was felt in Seattle and as far as Issaquah and beyond. Most damage was in the Pioneer Square area and waterfront. Older masonry buildings were most impacted. Damage patterns experienced in 1949 were repeated. Eight schools were closed for inspections and repairs; two were severely damaged. Areas along the Duwamish River experienced severe settling. Three water mains failed in Seattle. Olympia Earthquake Deep – Juan de Fuca April 1949 M 7.1 The 7.1 magnitude earthquake was centered along the southern edge of Puget Sound. Eight people were killed and property damage in Olympia-Tacoma-Seattle amounted to about $25 Million in 1949 dollars. In Seattle, a sixty-inch water main ruptured, a radio tower collapsed, power lines and gas lines were broken in over 100 places. Three damaged schools needed to be demolished and one rebuilt. Three days after the event, a landslide entering the water along the 2 EQE International, “Seattle Nisqually Washington Earthquake” (Feb 2001): http://www.propertyrisk.com/refcentr/seattleeq.pdf 3 “Hazard Mitigation Survey Team Report, Nisqually Earthquake” Federal Emergency Management Agency and Washington Military Department, Emergency Management Division (February 2001) AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 9: Earthquake 9-11 steep bluff of the Tacoma Narrows said to have been correlated with the earthquake generated a tsunami. Cascadia Earthquake Subduction zone 1700 M 9.0 This earthquake, one of the largest in the history of North America, was found by combining First Nations and Native American oral histories with tree-ring dating and other geological evidence in North America and an “orphan tsunami” in Japan. From oral history of the Huu-ay-aht First Nation, people were just going to sleep in the longhouses at Anacla, on Pachena Bay, [present- day Vancouver Island] when the earthquake hit. It shook for more than half a minute, and many of the longhouses sank into the sand [a description of liquefaction]. The tsunami that followed had an estimated wave height of more than 50 ft (15 m) and flooded Anacla and other coastal villages. Only 1 out of more than 600 people in Anacla survived, and in all, seven Huu-ay-aht villages were destroyed. Only the village of Malthsit survived, since it was on high ground about 75 feet (23 m) above Pachena Bay. Several oral accounts describe a great flood on what is known today as the Olympic Peninsula of Washington.4 Seattle Fault Crustal fault in 923-924 CE M 7.0 and 7.5 The Seattle fault runs east-west and cuts across Puget Sound, through downtown Seattle, and across Lake Washington. Geologic evidence indicates that it ruptured in a major earthquake (estimated magnitude 7.3) around in 923-924 CE, causing a maximum of 7 meters (~21 feet) of offset at the surface, generating a tsunami in Puget Sound, and large block landslides into Lake Washington. Native oral traditions from Puget Sound associate landsliding, earth-shaking, and rushes of turbid water with a monstrous serpent called A'yahos.5 9.5 Probability of Future Occurrences The likelihood of future earthquakes in King County is inevitable, with a 100% certainty that one will occur eventually. However, predicting the magnitude and exact location is not possible. Earthquakes occur at unpredictable intervals, and there are few scientifically verified early warning signs to indicate when one might strike. Estimating the probability of a future earthquake in Washington is challenging due to their rarity and the insufficient length of historical data needed to establish reliable recurrence patterns. Consequently, we rely on analyzing available data to detect potential trends that could inform planning and decision-making. However, pattern detection must be approached with caution, as it is prone to biases (e.g., pattern recognition bias), which could lead to misleading conclusions. Despite advanced analytical methods, earthquakes continue to defy reliable prediction. In 2023, the US National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) updated seismic hazard estimates for all 50 states based on available seismicity, fault rupture, and ground motion data. Zooming in on this 4 David Wiwchar, “Prepare for next tsunami, says chief” Raven’s Eye vl 8 Issue 9(2005): p.3, https://www.ammsa.com/publications/ravens-eye/prepare-next-tsunami-says-chief 5 R. S. Ludwin, et al., “Serpent Spirit-power Stories along the Seattle Fault” Seismological Research Letters, V. 76, No. 4, 426-431(July 2005) AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 9: Earthquake 9-12 map, you see the King County region has from 75% to greater than 95% chance of damaging shaking in the next hundred years. Figure 9-8 2023 US National Seismic Hazard Model, Chance of Damaging Earthquake Shaking 6 9.6 Impact Assessment The severity of an earthquake is different depending on the conditions under which it occurs. Also, different sectors of the population, economy, or government will have different levels of exposure and vulnerability that impact their susceptibility to an earthquake. This risk assessment looks at impacts of five earthquake scenarios to a series of critical sectors. The impact data for physical structures is generated using the Hazus-MH tool for three different Seattle Fault M7.0 scenarios, a Tacoma Fault M 7.1 scenario, and a Cascadia M9.0 scenario. These scenarios are chosen based on their probability and potential impact. This earthquake model also includes information on liquefaction potential of soils and the age of buildings (as an instrument for building code levels). This assessment considers impacts to physical and human elements of each of 11 impact areas. For example, for health systems, the locations of key facilities identified by Public Health Seattle – King 6 Mark D. Petersen, et al., “The 2023 US 50-State National Seismic Hazard Model: Overview and implications” USGS (December 2023): https://www.usgs.gov/publications/2023-us-50-state-national-seismic-hazard-model-overview- and-implications#:~:text=The%20US%20National%20Seismic%20Hazard,than%20%E2%88%BC475%20or%20less AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 9: Earthquake 9-13 County will be assessed against data on high hazard areas. The impacts to the health system overall, including employees and existing patients, will also be examined. The HAZUS scenarios used in this section were generated by the FEMA RiskMAP team for the 2018 King County Risk Report.7 Public The entire population of King County is potentially exposed to the direct and indirect impacts from earthquakes. The degree of exposure is dependent on many factors, including the age and construction type of residence, the soil type homes are constructed on, the proximity to the fault, etc. Impacts to the population are not restricted to displacement and sheltering. People may be injured, lose their jobs, schools may be closed from their own damages, government services may be interrupted, health facilities and care may also be interrupted or be completely unavailable. Family members may be separated, including children, elderly in care facilities, may be moved to alternate facilities – and unaccounted for. Deaths of homeless and unidentified people may require burial before family can claim their remains. Responders First responders experience personal and professional impacts from an earthquake. Since responders are also local residents, they will be personally impacted by the disaster. Professionally, emergency services will be called upon to help with life safety operations while also seeking to restore day-to- day services. Continuity of Operations Any damaging earthquake has the potential to impact delivery of essential government services in the days, weeks, months, and even years following the earthquake. The damages to infrastructure and residential or business locations may curtail or even prevent government employees from reaching their work locations or may prevent services from reaching populations in need scattered around the county. Even after initial short-term repairs have been made, the impact on the taxable value of properties in the county may cause a revenue shortfall that reduces available services from budgetary impacts. Collection of available tax revenue, the revaluation process (including documentation), and appeals process might produce a further burden on already stretched government obligations. Earthquakes can damage anything at which services are provided. This may include adult and juvenile detention facilities, wastewater treatment facilities, solid waste disposal systems and facilities, the court system, health 7 Federal Emergency Management Agency, “King County Risk Report” (2018) https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/gispublic/AppResources/SEA/RiskMAP/King/KingCounty_RiskReport.pdf AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 9: Earthquake 9-14 and medical institutions and clinics, fire and police stations or equipment, public transportation, schools, and libraries. Property, Facilities, Infrastructure Property Unreinforced masonry buildings are particularly vulnerable during an earthquake. The Nisqually Earthquake of 2001 caused extensive damage to such structures, as well as to those built prior to the 1949 earthquake. A similar pattern of damage was observed in roads and bridges. In contrast, buildings constructed after the 1949 and 1965 earthquakes, which influenced the development and improvement of seismic building standards, showed little to no significant damage, underscoring the effectiveness of modern seismic building standards. In October 2018, the Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP) developed a statewide inventory of identified and suspected unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings, excluding single- family homes. This data was integrated into an interactive online map, revealing 1,145 identified URM buildings within Seattle. Outside the city, King County has over 120 suspected URM buildings, with the highest concentrations in Bothell, Kirkland, and Redmond. Across the county, nearly 50% of buildings were constructed to pre- or low-code standards, leaving them susceptible to moderate to high-magnitude earthquakes. These are preliminary numbers and could go up after further assessment. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 9: Earthquake 9-15 Figure 9-10 Identified Unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings in King County 8 Figure 9-11 Suspected Unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings in King County Facilities Health system impacts from a major disaster include disruptions to emergency services, community health clinics, pharmacies, and hospitals. 8 Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP), “Washington URM Dashboard” (2018): https://fortress.wa.gov/com/urmasonary/urmasonary/#11/47.6469/-122.3026/775 AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 9: Earthquake 9-16 While new hospitals are required to meet criteria for seismic resilience and may engage in supply-chain and patient evacuation planning, much of the rest of the network is likely to be shut down after a disaster. This is an especially high threat to populations needing regular medical services, such as kidney dialysis and insulin injections (which require refrigeration). In Hurricane Maria in 2017, Puerto Rico was left without power for months and the majority of fatalities recorded due to the storm were from the elevated death rate among medically-fragile populations. To function, hospitals require significant infrastructure inputs, including power and water that are likely to be disrupted after an earthquake. Backup services are available; however, may be insufficient to meet the need if infrastructure recovery takes too long. Health system impacts therefore include large-scale disruptions to supply chains, disruptions to ongoing care regimens for certain medically-vulnerable populations, disruption of community care networks of pharmacies and local clinics, loss of trained staff, and potential damage to hospitals or loss of hospital functionality due to infrastructure damage. Infrastructure Energy: Dams are the primary source of electricity generation for the region and may be impacted by a major earthquake, even if failure is relatively unlikely. Furthermore, most generators have a maximum run time before needing to be serviced (~500 hours for natural gas generators). Pipelines cross the region carrying fuel and are susceptible to earthquakes. In the event of a catastrophic earthquake, the energy infrastructure could be impacted for months surpassing the generators capacity. Since Washington is home to the Pacific Northwest’s only refineries, damage to this conveyance system will have far reaching, regional consequences. A major concern for maintaining power in facilities while the power grid is down after an earthquake is fuel distribution. With transportation networks seriously impacted, it will be difficult to ensure a supply of fuel is distributed to hospitals, public facilities, and communications centers. Without this fuel, systems are likely to fail after a few days of operation. Water/Wastewater: Water and wastewater systems are among the most vulnerable to an earthquake of all lifeline infrastructure. Pipelines, especially those over NEHRP class D, E, and F soils, are vulnerable to rupture. King County maintains a wastewater treatment system that is connected to dozens of smaller systems and operates multiple water treatment plants. There are also many separate water systems that operate their own conveyance systems and reservoirs. All of these systems will be impacted. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 9: Earthquake 9-17 Transportation: Transportation lifelines are both state and local responsibilities. According to a Regional Resiliency Assessment Program (RRAP) report published by DHS, WSDOT has operated a seismic retrofit program since 1991 and has been steadily retrofitting bridges through a three-stage process of stabilizing the bridge superstructure, strengthening single-column bridge supports, and reinforcing multi-column piers. As of January 2025, King County has 25 out of 229 bridges in the program. At least every two years, those bridges are inspected and recommendations are made for their repair or replacement. Bridges, however, are only part of the transportation puzzle. Bridge approaches, and pavement crossing on unstable soils can be impacted. The WSDOT Seismic Lifeline route discussed above is only considering bridges, not pavement or approaches. Railways are another highly-vulnerable piece of transportation infrastructure. Tracks can become misaligned and require repair before train travel is possible. Even in the relatively moderate 2001 Nisqually Earthquake, rail travel was disrupted for several days. Port facilities are seriously threatened by a major earthquake due to liquefaction potential of port areas and tsunami threats. It is likely a major earthquake would completely destroy port facilities, requiring years of investment to completely recover. As with the 1995 Kobe, Japan earthquake, port operations may never again reach pre-disaster levels. Airports are also vulnerable to earthquakes. In the 2001 Nisqually Earthquake, the air traffic control tower at Seattle-Tacoma International Airport was damaged, drastically reducing takeoff and landing capacity. Runway damage is also common as the ground shifts and would require repair before large jets could land. While the region has a number of airports, many of them will also be critical facilities for disaster response, medical patient evacuation, and food and fuel deliveries. Communications: While the public sector maintains critical radio communications networks, the networks on which most residents depend is privately owned. While cell towers are equipped with backup generators, these generators may only have enough fuel for a few days of continuous operation. Environment Impacts to the environment from an earthquake include the creation and disposal of large quantities of debris, releases of hazardous materials, the disruption of environmental conservation programs, and the relaxing of environmental program rules during the cleanup and recovery. Moving AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 9: Earthquake 9-18 debris out of the area, given the disruptions to transportation infrastructure, will be difficult. The greatest potential for environmental damage is from hazardous materials releases as fuel and waste pipelines rupture, underground fuel storage tanks fail, trains, including oil trains, may derail, port facilities are damaged by any tsunami or seiche, and other chemicals, including household items, are spilled. The multi-source nature of materials releases, the scale of potential releases, and the lack of resources for cleanup all complicate the scenario.9 An example is the Northridge and Loma Prieta earthquakes, where hundreds of gas line ruptures and pipeline breaks, and releases of ammonia, chlorine, and sulfuric acid.10 Economy The economic risks posed by a major earthquake are wide-ranging and multifaceted. The immediate impacts include the destruction of facilities and inventory, as well as the loss of employees and customers. In King County, which accounts for approximately 55% of Washington's gross domestic product, these disruptions could be particularly severe. Although the county’s economy is diverse and has proven resilient to various types of disruptions, it is heavily dependent on global interconnectedness. A total loss of critical lifeline infrastructure—such as port facilities, communication hubs, and major highway corridors—could be devastating, particularly if these links are not swiftly restored. While some major companies in western Washington, like Amazon and Microsoft, may experience less disruption due to the global reach of their operations and the redundancy in their systems, others, like Boeing, would face significant setbacks. The loss of essential transportation routes, such as rail and highways crucial for material shipment, would severely impact their production. Additionally, a large earthquake could halt or reverse King County’s population growth, as displaced residents might lose their jobs, struggle with uninsured housing recovery costs, and move to safer areas in the aftermath of the disaster. Public Confidence in Governance Disasters of the magnitude we can expect from a damaging earthquake have the potential to shake public confidence in government’s ability to maintain law and order, provide essential services, repair or replace needed infrastructure for employment, process building permits and inspections, clear debris, and other needs. Restoration efforts may take longer than the public is willing to accept. Amendments to zoning and building standards may not be embraced by those seeking to rebuild. If rapid restoration is not possible, the area may lose employers and the population may relocate to 9 Sengul et al., “Analysis of Hazardous Materials Releases Due to Natural Hazards in the United States” (2012) 10 Stacy Young, Lina Balluz, and Josephine Malilay, “Natural and Technologic Hazardous Material Releases During and After Natural Disasters: A Review” Public Health Resources (2004) AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 9: Earthquake 9-19 other areas of the country in search of employment, as well as housing, schools, and services. Earthquake hazards specifically have been the subject of significant reporting in recent years. Articles in the Seattle Times, the New Yorker, and on local television have argued that the Pacific Northwest is unprepared for the level of destruction expected following a Cascadia Subduction Zone 9.0 event.11 These articles have led to both stepped-up state and local action on earthquake preparedness and to more public awareness. 9.7 Vulnerability Assessment Vulnerable Populations Vulnerable populations are more likely to suffer losses during an earthquake and are likely to take longer to recover after. Factors influencing likelihood of damage include living in higher hazard areas, living in older buildings, being less likely to have emergency supplies, and having a higher rate of persons with disabilities. Slower recovery is exacerbated by poorer populations likelihood of not having access to institutions leading recovery, not having insurance, not having a stable job, wealth, or savings, being more likely to be renters who are ineligible for many federal recovery programs, and having a lower-level of education on average, making it more difficult to find a new job and to navigate the complex post-disaster system. In many catastrophic disasters, most notably Hurricane Katrina, poor communities may never recover. Populations without the means to care for themselves over multiple weeks, especially those with Access and Functional Needs The response and initial recovery following a catastrophic earthquake will take weeks. Homebound populations, those requiring medications, the chronically ill, or others with access and functional needs may need to sustain themselves for an estimated two weeks in some places. Populations without insurance, especially those without renters’ insurance or homeowner insurance earthquake riders. According to the Office of the Insurance Commissioner, which conducted a major earthquake insurance study in 2017, residential earthquake coverage in western Washington is 13.8%. Commercial coverage rates are much higher than residential, with 43.2% of 11 Kathryn Schulz, “The Really Big One,” The New Yorker (July 20, 2015) AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 9: Earthquake 9-20 insurance policies having some earthquake coverage. A key finding is that, for both residential and commercial customers, insured properties have a much higher assessed value than uninsured properties, indicating that it is higher-income people that are, in general, purchasing earthquake insurance coverage. Earthquake insurance coverage rates are a good measure of resilience because insurance is the primary source of disaster recovery funding after an earthquake. Low levels of insurance coverage have stymied recovery efforts in major disasters, such as hurricanes, where hazard coverage is not automatically included in homeowner’s policies. Populations communicating in languages other than English Information from responders, notifications, and other information will likely be communicated predominately in English. Special care will need to be taken to ensure that non-English speakers have access to relief supplies from established points of distribution. Property Unreinforced masonry buildings, especially those built during pre or low-code eras (pre-1973) Unreinforced masonry buildings (URMs) that characterize areas like Pioneer Square in Seattle are extremely susceptible to even minor earthquakes. Unreinforced masonry buildings are likely to collapse or partially collapse during a major earthquake and be a leading source of fatalities due to falling debris. Structures, including roads and bridges, structures, built on vulnerable soils. Structures on less stable soils are more likely to buckle or collapse. High risk areas cover the region and are especially common in historic river valleys where sediment has been deposited very recently. Public facilities built to “life safety” codes that will be unusable after a major earthquake Public facilities, such as city halls, schools, etc. are not required to be built to “immediate occupancy” standards. A major earthquake would render many of these facilities inoperable, leading to difficulties in organizing the recovery in affected jurisdictions. Structures and populations on or near steep slopes Steep slopes greater than 40% grade are likely to fail in an earthquake, unless properly stabilized by geological engineering techniques. This likelihood increases when the ground is saturated. Buildings on or AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 9: Earthquake 9-21 below these slopes will be damaged or destroyed if these slopes were to fail. Environment Hazmat Hazardous materials, or Hazmat, sites dot the region and FEMA has recognized hazardous materials as a community lifeline due to experiences dealing with recovery after recent disasters. Hazmat releases are likely to occur at industrial facilities, on pipelines, and elsewhere around the region. The chemical cocktail of potential contaminants is likely to threaten the public, responders, and the environment, and to delay recovery in parts of the region for years. Operations Dams, especially older, less regulated dams Major dams in the region that provide electricity, such as the Tolt Dam and Howard Hanson Dam, play a vital role in future recovery. It is unlikely a total failure would occur at these dams because they are highly regulated. However, damage to these dams from an earthquake could require a shutdown to perform repairs before they can resume electricity generation. There are also many lower-priority dams that meet high-hazard throughout King County that are not recognized by their jurisdiction. A failure of some of these dams has the potential to cause numerous fatalities and the inundation of property and infrastructure. Levees, dikes, and other flood control structures Flood control structures are usually earthen and built on highly unstable soils. An earthquake during the winter months when these systems are running close to capacity could cause major failures and widespread flooding. Rail systems Rail systems require tracks to be perfectly aligned and will fail during an earthquake as the ground shifts and buckles. Landslides may deposit material on the tracks. Trains traveling at high speeds during an earthquake have a significantly greater chance of de-railing, potentially injuring passengers, or spilling cargo, which may cause additional hazardous material incidents. Port facilities Ports are almost always built on fill and other extremely unstable soils. Major earthquakes will damage and potentially destroy port facilities. Any seiche or tsunami will also have a greater impact on port facilities than inland facilities. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 9: Earthquake 9-22 Water and sewer transmission lines Water and sewer transmission lines, especially those built of cast iron, concrete, or wood, are vulnerable to fracturing or breaking in the event of an earthquake. Many of these lines are being replaced with ductile iron throughout the region. Nevertheless, most special purpose districts undertaking this work are decades from completing it. Water systems will likely fail throughout the region and will be difficult to restore due to limitations in transportation capacity. Even systems able to complete conversion to ductile iron will experience failures, especially in areas of unstable soils. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) PC: King County Risk Assessment Scoring 3 Location Ha z a r d 4 Probability 2 Magnitude 2 Public Im p a c t 2 Responders 3 COP 3 PFI 2 Environment 3 Economy 3 PCG 2 People Vu l n e r a b i l i t y 3 Property 2 Environment 3 Operations 3 People Ri s k 3 Property 3 Environment 3 Operations High Overall Risk Chapter 10Flood AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 10: Flood 10-2 Chapter 10: Flood 10.1 Hazard Description Flooding is King County’s most persistent and recurrent natural hazard, impacting tens of thousands of families and property owners across the region. These events have far- reaching impacts on life safety, economic stability, and the overall functioning of the county system. Flooding occurs when normally dry areas are inundated by overflowing rivers, coastal surges, or other accumulations of surface water. King County’s diverse geography—from the Cascade Mountains to Puget Sound—leads to various forms of flooding, each with distinct causes. The most common types of flooding observed in King County include: • Riverine flooding: a river or stream overflows its banks and spills into nearby low-lying areas due to excess water flow. • Tributary flooding: a smaller stream or river overflows its banks and spills into nearby low- lying areas due to excess water flow. For example, Tokul Creek flows into the Snoqualmie River and is therefore a tributary of the Snoqualmie. King County has an extensive network of smaller tributary streams.1 • Coastal flooding: when high tides and storm surges inundate or cause damaging erosion to normally dry areas along the marine shoreline.2 King County has 103 miles of saltwater shoreline, including incorporated areas along the east side of Puget Sound and the unincorporated areas of Vashon and Maury Islands. Additionally, compound flooding— resulting from saturated soils and significant freshwater inflow—exacerbates these conditions. 1 King County. 2024. King County Flood Management Plan. kingcounty.gov/en/dept/dnrp/nature- recreation/environment-ecology-conservation/flood-services/flood-management-plan/about-plan source 2 FEMA. 2023. FEMA National Risk Index website, Coastal Flooding webpage. hazards.fema.gov/nri/coastal- flooding. Flooding along the Snoqualmie River in 2015 AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 10: Flood 10-3 • Urban flooding: Caused by stormwater runoff or overwhelmed urban storm sewer systems, leading to localized flooding in developed areas. Several conditions can cause flooding from too much rainfall in a river’s watershed to sustained offshore wind driving a high tide inland, but flooding can also be caused by events such as liquefaction of levees during an earthquake that release water the levees hold back. Causes of flooding are listed in Table 10-1. Table 10-1 King County Flood Causation Types Causation Type Description Heavy Rain Intense rainfall, typically seen in the fall and winter months, can overwhelm rivers’ ability to carry flows in their banks and cause inundation of the adjacent floodplains. These factors not only drive riverine flooding, but also urban flooding issues that can overwhelm local stormwater infrastructure. Atmospheric Rivers Atmospheric rivers are narrow bands of concentrated moisture in the atmosphere that transport water from the tropics to be dropped as heavy precipitation. Storm Surge and King Tides Strong winter storms combined with king tides can lead to significant coastal flooding, damaging properties and infrastructure, as seen during the 1982 king tide event in King County. Sea level rise Rising sea levels in Puget Sound elevates the base sea level, increasing the likelihood of inundation along King County coastlines during storm surge events. Channel Migration Rivers that significantly shift during high flow events or gradually through erosion of streambanks. This is a prevalent feature in northwest river systems including Green, Cedar, Tolt, Raging, and Snoqualmie River.3 Dam/Levee Failure Dam and levee failure is the uncontrolled release of impounded water resulting in downstream flooding, affecting both life and property. Overtopping Overtopping, often a precursor of dam failure, is water spilling over the top of a dam. This can be the due heavy rain causing excess water or inadequate spillway design. For instance, water can seep through levees and cause weaknesses that lead to collapse. 3 Seattle and King Hazard Ready, n.d. Channel Migration Zones. hazardready.org/seattle/static/img/data/flood_cmz.pdf AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 10: Flood 10-4 Landslide Landslides can block rivers or add material, leading to mudflows and rapid property damage, notably on the Cedar River. Earthquake Earthen levee systems are prone to liquefaction in an earthquake. If water is being held back, this could lead to swift flooding. Volcanic Eruption In the event that Mt. Rainier erupts, lahars can fill river valleys and drastically change the course of rivers, streams, and shorelines. Tsunami Tsunamis, caused by underwater earthquakes or collapses, can generate significant wave action and damage coastal properties in King County. Humanmade watershed changes Development of impervious surfaces speeds up floodwater flow to streams, increasing flood severity. Climate Change Climate change is projected to intensify flooding risks through increased rainfall, sea level rise, and other altered weather patterns affecting King County. The King County Flood Control District was established in 2007 to regionally manage flood hazards and reduce risk, in partnership with the Department of Natural Resources and Parks’ River and Floodplain Management Section. The newly updated 2024 King County Flood Management Plan drives much of the work that both the District and King County do to reduce flood risk and manage flood-related hazards. 10.2 Location King County is broken up into four watersheds: Snohomish, Cedar-Sammamish, Duwamish-Green, and Puyallup-White (shown in Figure 10-1). Within these watersheds are eight sub-basins, shown in Figure 10-2, that host six major river systems flow through King County (South Fork Skykomish, Snoqualmie, Sammamish, Cedar, Green and White Rivers) along with their significant tributaries (Tolt, Raging, Miller and Greenwater rivers). Additionally, the county has other smaller tributaries and streams, including but not limited to those with existing flood risk reduction facilities (Tokul, Kimball, Coal (Snoqualmie), Issaquah, Fifteen Mile, and Holder creeks).4 4King County Flood Control, “About Us,” accessed October 23, 2024, kingcountyfloodcontrol.org/about-us/ AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 10: Flood 10-5 Figure 10-1 King County Watersheds Figure 10-2 King County Sub-Basins AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 10: Flood 10-6 A variety of factors affect how flooding occurs and its severity. One main factor for riverine flooding is the “hydrology,” which includes how much precipitation falls, how fast it falls, how fast it reaches the stream, and the amount of water already in the stream. The second main factor for riverine flooding is the “hydraulics” of the watershed, which includes characteristics like the topography, stream channel dynamics, and the overall slope of areas of the watershed. The combination of hydrology and hydraulics plays a critical role in shaping the behavior of rivers in King County and directly contributes to the significant flood risks the region faces. Several rivers in King County face significant flood risks, each presenting unique challenges. The most flood-prone areas include: • Snoqualmie River Valley, located within the Snohomish Watershed and Snoqualmie River sub-basin, is the most flood-prone area of King County. Flooding typically results in inundation by deep, slow-moving floodwaters, with some areas of deep and fast flows, especially along certain tributaries. The Upper Snoqualmie River and some of the major tributaries are characterized by steep gradient headwater systems and some lower gradient floodplains near the incorporated communities of North Bend and Snoqualmie. The cities of Carnation and Duvall and the unincorporated community of Fall City all lie within the broad Lower Snoqualmie Valley that features wide floodplains along the low gradient channel.5 • South Fork Skykomish River generates deep, fast-moving flood flows capable of severe bank erosion. This sub-basin drains 234 square miles of mountainous terrain within King County and includes major tributaries such as the Foss, Tye, Miller, and Beckler Rivers. The cities of Skykomish, Baring, and Gold Bar as well as many unincorporated area neighborhoods are located near or on the banks of the rivers and frequently experience impacts from flooding. The basin features steep slopes in the upper portion, thus significant runoff can result in fast major flooding. The rivers in the basin are also very prone to channel migration. • Cedar River that connects to the south end of Lake Washington experiences fast, erosive flows. The basin has been heavily altered from its natural condition, with major projects constructed including Masonry Dam and the Landsburg Diversion, both to serve as water supply infrastructure. Along the Cedar River are many unincorporated community neighborhoods as well as cities like Maple Valley and Renton. Naturally-occurring large wood is a prevalent hazard in the basin. • Issaquah Creek, located in Sammamish River Basin, can experience “flashy” flows that can rise quickly during storms with minimal infiltration. • Green River which becomes the Duwamish River at the Black River confluence in the city of Tukwila, can experience fast flowing flooding in some areas and slow-moving overbank inundation in others. The Howard Hanson Dam in the upper reaches of the Green River, 5 King County. 2024. 2024 King County Flood Management Plan. Seattle: King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks, Water and Land Resources Division. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 10: Flood 10-7 built and managed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, provides flood control to the highly developed downstream areas of the river corridor. • Duwamish River is characterized primarily by slow-moving inundation primarily driven by precipitation as well as tidal influence from the Puget Sound. • White River is lightly populated flowing through the Muckleshoot Indian Tribe reservation before reaching more developed areas in the most downstream part of the river. These developed areas face significant flood risk due to being in a depositional reach of the river. The river carries the most significant sediment load of any river in King County, and reduced channel capacity arising from ongoing sediment deposition is a primary flood risk in this watershed. However, the Mud Mountain Dam has a significant effect on reducing flooding in the basin. Additionally, water is diverted from the river to Lake Tapps. Coastal flood hazard areas also pose potential risks to King County. There is approximately 100 miles of shoreline, about half of which is on Vashon Island in unincorporated King County and the other half is the incorporated shoreline through the cities of Shoreline, Seattle, Burien, Des Moines, and Federal Way. Storm surge and wave action are significant flood hazards facing development along shorelines. Coastal erosion also is a prevalent hazard, including along the steep bluff areas around the shoreline in King County. Many miles of shoreline are variably armored by bulkheads and other structures. Coastal flooding will be exacerbated by sea level rise and other impacts of climate change. 10.3 Magnitude FEMA Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs) in King County were first mapped in 1975 and last updated in 2020. SFHAs encompass regions at risk for flooding, mudflow, or flood-related erosion. These areas are classified based on their annual probability of occurrence, with larger flood events generally associated with a lower likelihood of occurrence. These classifications are illustrated in Figure 10-3. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 10: Flood 10-8 Figure 10-3 King County Special Flood Hazard Areas King County’s SFHAs are broken up into the following flood zones: • 100-Year Floodplain: areas with a 1% annual chance of flooding. FEMA floodplain regulations and federal flood insurance are based on this flood event forms the basis for community regulations for participating communities in the National Flood Insurance Program. Flood zones A, AE, AH, AO, and VE are all Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs) in King County, Washington, which are areas that have a 1% chance of flooding in any given year. • 500-Year Floodplain: area with a 0.2% (or 1 in 500 chance) annual chance of flooding. • Floodway: Channel of a river or other watercourse and the adjacent land areas that must be reserved in order to discharge the base flood without cumulatively increasing the water surface elevation more than a designated height. Figure 10-3 shows the 100-year floodplain areas and floodways. Note that Lake Washington does not have an identified floodplain because its water levels are controlled by the US Army Corps of Engineers operated at Chittenden Locks in Seattle. King County experiences a wide range of annual precipitation amounts depending on location. Western areas including Seattle receive approximately 37 inches per year while areas along the cascade foothills to the east can exceed 100 inches annually. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 10: Flood 10-9 10.4 Previous Occurrences King County has faced 29 presidentially declared flooding disasters since 1956, resulting in millions of dollars in property damage. Historical data indicates that minor flooding occurs every winter, while significant flooding events happen every two to five years. The most recent county-wide flood event occurred in between January to February 2020, when an atmospheric river arrived in the region bringing heavy and sustained rain. The Tolt River reached the highest flow in over 10 years and other rivers overflowed their banks causing widespread road closures. Dams on some of King County’s major rivers captured large volumes of water that are typically slowly released over several days to make room for the next storm. The next atmospheric river arrived without enough time to allow for sufficient release of water from several of these dams. The combination of prolonged rainy conditions, high river flows, saturated soils, and elevated pools behind dams caused some areas in King County to experience the most severe flooding in decades. The most recent high impact coastal flooding event occurred in December 2022. King tides and strong winds resulted in major coastal flooding with the Puget Sound water level peaking at 3.76 feet above the normal mean higher high water (MHHW) mark. Impacts were seen in numerous locations along the marine shoreline but were especially significant in the South Park neighborhood on the lower Duwamish River, which overtopped its banks. This lead to the evacuation of 15 to 18 homes and damage to several businesses. The following table summarizes flood events throughout King County dating back to 1990. Data was collected from the National Center for Environmental Information (NCEI) Storm Events Database.6 Table 10-2 NCEI Flood Related Events in King County, 1990 - 2023 Date Type of Flood Location Deaths/ Injuries Property Damage Narrative 9/3/1996 Flood Seattle, Bellevue 0 Unknown Urban flooding 3/1/1999 Heavy Rain County- Wide 0 $5,500,000 The heavy rain, which in turn caused flooding and mudslides, over the winter season. 11/17/1999 Heavy Rain Issaquah 0 $85,000 Heavy rains led to a road being washed out by Issaquah Creek. 6 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, "Storm Events Database," accessed October 23, 2024, www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/ AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 10: Flood 10-10 2/28/2001 Heavy Rain County- Wide 0 $200,000 An earthquake triggered a mudslide that damaged a home. The slide also blocked the Cedar River, which then backed up and flooded a road, forcing its closure. 11/13/2001 Heavy Rain County- Wide - Unknown Urban flooding and mudslides 9/8/2003 Heavy Rain Kirkland 0 $5,000 Urban flooding 8/22/2004 Heavy Rain Bellevue 0 $50,000 Urban flooding 01/05/2006 Heavy Rain County- Wide 0 $800,000 The Governor declared a state of emergency after 10-day long rainstorm, causing over 7 million in damage, mainly to transportation infrastructure throughout western Washington. In King County, there were 19 road closures from water over the roadway. Many homes had flooded basements or crawlspaces. 11/4/2006 Flood Snoqualmie Falls 0 $11,100,000 Major flooding on the Tolt, Snohomish, Skokomish, Skagit, and White rivers. 12/14/2006 Flash Flood Seattle 1 $750,000 The strongest reported rain and windstorm struck producing areas of urban and small stream flooding and overwhelming drainage systems. In the Madison Valley area of Seattle, heavy rainfall produced excessive street runoff, flooding 25 basements and drowning one woman trapped in her basement by rapidly rising water. 12/3/2007 Heavy Rain Bothell $12,000,000 Flooding occurred on the Snohomish, Skykomish, Snoqualmie, and Issaquah Creek. Impact was felt in Snohomish, King, Lewis, Thurston, Mason, and Kitsap counties. 11/12/2008 Flood Snoqualmie 0 $100,000 Major flooding caused by heavy rain on the Snoqualmie River. 1/7/2009 Flood Snoqualmie, Carnation, 0 $14,000,000 The cities of Snoqualmie, Carnation, Duvall and Fall City flooded, some residents had to be rescued, many AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 10: Flood 10-11 Duvall, Fall City, Pacific homes were flooded. The Issaquah Creek flooded some residences and businesses. It also eroded part of the riverbank, which caused a guest house to fall into the creek. About 40 King County roads were closed. In Pacific, about 1000 people evacuated their homes due to flooding from releases from the Mud Mountain dam, 100 of those homes were damaged, some with 3 feet of water in them. 12/12/2010 Flood Covington, North Bend, Vashon Island 0 $3,000,000 There was major flooding along the Snoqualmie River. Westside Hwy on Vashon Island was closed due to a portion of the road sinking. Some basements flooded as China Creek in Newcastle, overflowed. Several roads around North Bend and Carnation were closed due to flooding. 1/16/2011 Flood Snoqualmie Falls, Fall City, Carnation 1 $20,000 The Snoqualmie Falls golf course in Fall City and parts of Highway 202 were flooded after the Snoqualmie river near Carnation reached major flood stage. A 66 year old state DOT worker was killed when a tree fell on Highway 203 south of Carnation, hitting him and his truck. Several mudslides blocked roads. 9/5/2013 Heavy Rain Burien 0 $10,000 Rain caused flash floods and mudslides in several locations and closed a 24- mile section of the North Cascades Highway for several days. Also heavy rain caused a sinkhole which damaged a road in Burien. 11/17/2015 Heavy Rain Skykomish 0 $200,000 Heavy rain swelled a creek that undermined the foundation of a US Hwy 2 bridge outside of Skykomish, closing a 15-mile stretch of the highway for about a week. 2/9/2017 Heavy Rain Seattle 0 $33,000,000 Heavy rainfall in the Puget Sound area lead to high storm runoff. damaged the West Point sewage treatment plant in Seattle. King county dumped an estimated 235 million gallons of untreated wastewater - including 30 million gallons of raw sewage - into AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 10: Flood 10-12 Puget Sound because of damage to the plant. 1/12/2021 Flood Duvall 0 $474,000 The Snoqualmie and White Rivers exceeded flood stage. Urban and small stream flooding occurred as well. Heavy rain caused some landslides. 1/7/2022 Heavy Rain Seattle, Renton 1 $1,520,000 Two atmospheric river events from Jan 5 - 7 and Jan 11- 13 that resulted in heavy rain, minor to major flooding, and landslides. 2 flood fatalities occurred, and possibly a third from a landslide. 12/27/2022 Coastal Flood Seattle 0 Unknown Duwamish river and tidal flooding leading to evacuation of 15-18 homes and damage to several businesses. It was reported that 18 homes did sustain damage. 12/05/2023 Heavy Rain Seattle 0 Unknown An atmospheric river event brought flooding, record breaking rainfall, and record high temperatures to Western Washington. 10.5 Probability of Future Occurrences King County is inherently vulnerable to flooding due to its distinctive geography and heavy precipitation patterns. As a result, flooding is an annual reality for the region. King County sees at least minor flooding ever year in the fall and winter and big events are often driven by atmospheric river narrow bands of concentrated moisture in the atmosphere transport water from the tropics to be dropped as heavy precipitation in western Washington. On average, major floods occur every two to five years, and projections indicate that both the frequency and severity of these events will likely increase due to the broader impacts of climate change. House destroyed due to channel migration along the Raging River. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 10: Flood 10-13 According to King County’s Flood Frequency Analysis conducted in 2016, certain areas exhibit particularly high probabilities of severe flooding. For instance, the upper Snoqualmie River Valley has a 22% annual probability of severe flooding, with an expected return period of approximately 4.5 years. The Tolt River faces an even higher annual probability of 38%, translating to a return period of about 2.8 years.7 10.6 Climate Change Considerations According to the 2023 Fifth National Climate Assessment, the northwest region in the United States is projected to see an increase in frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events.8 While results will vary by location and flood interval, river flooding is expected to increase due to the combined effects of wetter winters, more intense heavy rain events, and more winter precipitation falling as rain rather than snow in mountain watersheds. Sea level rise will also increase the frequency and extent of coastal flooding. Sea level in King County is projected to rise approximately 1 to 2 feet by mid-century and 2 to 5 feet by 2100 under a high greenhouse gas scenario. This expected increase may also exacerbate compound flooding in coastal drainages, which could impact public health, life, and safety. 10.7 Impact Assessment Flooding, no matter the source, causes widespread and long-lasting damage. The force of moving floodwaters can tear homes from their foundations, sweep cars off the road, and destroy public infrastructure. Houses and businesses damaged by flooding can take many months to repair and are often unsuitable to live in during the repairs. Certain types of flooding can leave buildings inundated for several days, which can further worsen property damage. Flood-damaged buildings can pose health risks including mold, contaminated food and drinking water, and mental health stresses from the traumatic experience. Public Flooding can impact anyone who lives, works, or travels in or near floodplains. There are over 50,000 people residing in designated flood hazard zones. For those situated within the 100-year floodplain, there is a 26% likelihood of experiencing flooding over a 30-year period, the length of a typical mortgage. Not only can it impact people’s safety, but flooding can also have significant financial costs. It’s estimated that one foot of water in an average size home can 7 King County. 2016. Flood Frequency Analysis of King County Rivers with an Emphasis on the January 2009 Floods. Prepared by Curtis DeGasperi, Water and Land Resources Division. Seattle, Washington. 8 U.S. Global Change Research Program. "2023 National Climate Assessment." Accessed October 23, 2024. nca2023.globalchange.gov/. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 10: Flood 10-14 cause over $50,000 in damage. Without flood insurance, this level of damage can overwhelm a family’s finances. Flooding also affects those who work in flood-prone areas or commute through them. In a flood event, most deaths occur from people driving through floodwaters and being swept away in their cars. Many farmworkers are employed in the Snoqualmie, Sammamish, and Green River valleys that are susceptible to river or tributary flooding. Responders Police, firefighters, and paramedics play key roles in the response to flooding. Police officers often help shut roads down to prevent people from driving through floodwaters; firefighters often rescue people trapped by flooding; and paramedics transport people hurt by flooding, often from hypothermia or other causes. If any of these first responders’ buildings are in the 0.2% annual chance floodplain, their ability to respond is seriously threatened. Additionally, neighborhoods with roads that are inaccessible during flooding pose challenges to first responders. They may not be able to drive to homes and may require helicopters or boats to access. Continuity of Operations There are few government facilities located within flood prone areas in King County. Thus, flooding does not pose a substantial risk to the continuity of government operations. Those within flood areas include city buildings located in Snoqualmie, North Bend, and Carnation. Although the facilities themselves are relatively safe, government employees may still need to traverse flood-prone regions to reach their workplaces. This may necessitate the development of alternative work sites to ensure continuity of operations during flood events. Property, Facilities, and Infrastructure Properties Flooding often results in many millions of dollars in property damage. For families, damage to homes may mean difficult financial decisions, displacement for weeks, and lost belongings. For business owners, flood damage may mean lost economic output from shutdowns, destroyed inventory, and inability to pay employees. The National Flood Insurance Program is the primary way building owners financially protect their property in flood prone areas. As of June 2019, flood insurance policies cover over $2 billion worth of property throughout King County. Many larger commercial or industrial facilities are insured through private contracts, the value of which is not available to government agencies. Below is the cost estimate for Repetitive Loss (RL) properties across the county, along with a breakdown of the number of structures and their types by jurisdiction. Jurisdictions not listed do not have any RL properties. These AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 10: Flood 10-15 properties are defined as insurable buildings for which the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) has paid two or more claims exceeding $1,000 each within any 10-year rolling period. Table 10-3 County-wide Damages of Repetitive Loss Properties Table 10-4 NIFP Repetitive Loss Properties by Jurisdiction Jurisdiction 2-4 Fa m i l y Bu s i n e s s – no n r e s i d e n t i a l Ot h e r – Re s i d e n t i a l Ot h e r – No n r e s i d e n t i a l Si n g l e F a m i l y To t a l Auburn 1 1 Bellevue 1 1 Burien 1 1 Carnation 1 17 18 Duvall 1 4 5 Fall City 1 1 2 Issaquah 1 1 9 11 Kent 1 1 2 Maple Valley 3 3 Normandy Park 1 1 North Bend 18 18 Sammamish 1 1 Seattle 1 1 2 Skykomish 3 3 Snoqualmie 4 1 1 2 127 135 Vashon 1 1 Grand Total 6 1 4 5 189 205 AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 10: Flood 10-16 Critical Facilities There are 498 critical facilities county-wide that could be exposed to the 1% annual chance riverine flood event, and 26 critical facilities for a coastal flood event. Potential damages could exceed $114 million for a 1% annual chance riverine flood event and approach $500,000 for a 1% annual chance coastal flood event.9 In unincorporated King County, one medical facility is located in the 1% annual chance floodplain, and an additional four medical facilities are in the 0.2% annual chance floodplain. No hospitals are in the 0.2% annual chance floodplain. While these five facilities are at risk, the risk from flooding to the overall healthcare and medical system is low. There is concern that residents in sole-access neighborhoods, such as the lower Snoqualmie Valley, could become isolated in a flood event and won’t be able evacuate for medical reasons. Infrastructure Transportation: Flooding regularly causes impacts to our roadways and bridges, which can cause very extensive and expensive repairs. Roads through the lower Snoqualmie Valley are particularly susceptible to flooding and close regularly during high water events. During these events, Valley residents can become isolated making evacuation and access for emergency responders challenging. Repeated roadway inundation also accelerates infrastructure deterioration and increases lifecycle costs. Energy systems: Most overhead powerlines are not susceptible to impacts from flooding unless the power poles are not resistant to flooding. Buried cables typically aren’t affected by flooding very often. Water/Wastewater: Flooding, particularly from king tides and coastal storm systems can damage wastewater infrastructure such as the County’s West Point Treatment Plant. Some city wastewater treatment plants are also located in flood prone riverine areas. Where these linear systems cross rivers, flooding can pose issues. The Tolt Pipeline, a water supply line for Seattle, was at risk from the Snoqualmie River migrating further toward its alignment. In 2019, a project was completed to provide some protection from that risk. Communications: Most communications infrastructure is not vulnerable to flooding, with the primary exception being a regional fiber optic line that runs under the Cedar River Trail and along State Route 169. In some locations, the river abuts the trail, and erosion of the trail prism presents risk to this AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 10: Flood 10-17 infrastructure. King County regularly monitors at-risk locations, and the King County FCD has implemented several projects to ensure the continued protection of this significant infrastructure. Environment Flooding is a natural process and supports unique ecosystems and habitats. Many riparian and aquatic ecosystems depend upon some amount of regular flooding or high-water events. Various salmonid species use high water events to seek refuge as juveniles or access more favorable habitats, which makes flooding an important part of recovery for the endangered salmon species in Puget Sound. Natural floodplain functions typically result in slower-moving floodwaters with less intense flood height peaks. When upland forest areas are logged or burned, rain and snowmelt reach streams faster, which can cause flooding to be more intense and push water through the floodplain more quickly. King County often incorporates natural functions into the design of projects, which helps reduce flood risk as well as protect and restore ecosystems. Reconnecting rivers and coastlines to their historic floodplains through levee setbacks, creating side channels, and removing obstructions help restore natural functions and bring flood risk reduction benefits as well. The large Countyline project near Auburn restored 121 acres of floodplain along the White River and reduce flood risk for over 200 residential properties. Economy Flooding can significantly impact industries that rely on floodplain locations such as agriculture, aerospace, manufacturing, and distribution. In the lower Snoqualmie valley, there are nearly 200 farms that produce a wide range of products from dairy to herbs and row crop vegetables. The Sammamish River valley supports a number of wineries and other small farms. And the Green River valley hosts many large fields of row crops as well as a large County-owned farm leased out by a diverse group of farmers. Flooding can negatively impact these operations, particularly if it occurs before harvest or late into the spring planting season. Farmers cannot sell food products from flood-damaged fields. Flooding, however, also provides nutrients to the soil that supports productive agriculture. While some agricultural sectors are dependent on natural floodplain functions, other economic sectors have located in the floodplain over decades for other reasons. Large warehouses in the Green River valley, many in the floodplain, make the region one of the largest logistics hubs in the nation. But, the square footage of warehouse and aerospace facilities means that billions of dollars are at risk of flooding every year as well as thousands of jobs. 9 King County. 2024. King County Flood Management Plan. kingcounty.gov/en/dept/dnrp/nature- recreation/environment-ecology-conservation/flood-services/flood-management-plan/about-plan source AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 10: Flood 10-18 In 2007, an economic study was conducted to understanding the economic impact of flooding. The study found that 6% of the county’s jobs are located in floodplains and nearly 7% of the county’s wages and salaries are generated in the floodplain ($3.7 billion). Approximately 20% of the county’s manufacturing employment and 30% of the county’s aerospace employment are found in floodplains. While new data have not been generated since that time, the study found that a major flood that would shut down economic activity in floodplains would result in at least $46 million per day in lost economic output. The figure is likely much higher today. Public Confidence in Governance Flooding occurs frequently enough in King County that residents often turn to the King County River & Floodplain Management Section for help and information during flooding events. Confidence is high in the government’s ability to respond to flooding events. The multiple iterations of the Flood Management Plan have featured robust stakeholder involvement processes, which has inspired confidence in King County’s ability to manage floodplains with higher regulatory standards and other programs to keep people and property safe from flooding. 10.8 Vulnerability Assessment Vulnerable Population Vulnerable populations that are particularly susceptible to the long- term impacts of flooding include low-income individuals, renters, and people with limited English proficiency, and communities of color. Low-Income Low-income individuals and families are among the most affected by flooding. The financial burden of flood damage can be overwhelming, making recovery difficult. Without flood insurance, families may have to deplete their savings to cover repair costs. Even with insurance, flood-damaged homes can remain uninhabitable for months, prolonging the disruption to their lives. Renters Renters are far less likely to have a flood insurance policy and may not even be aware of their flood risk. Generally, renters are not required to obtain such coverage, and it can often be unaffordable, especially in AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 10: Flood 10-19 flood prone areas. Renters may also have less wealth or savings to draw from to pay for uninsured losses. Limited English Those who do not speak English do not have easy access to government resources. Most flood warning systems are in English and much of the flood insurance, floodplain regulations, and any mitigation programs are made up of materials in English. Flooding is a complicated hazard to understand and accessing flood warning, flood insurance, and other information often requires command of English, understanding of government bureaucracy, and access to financial resources. BIPOC In King County, approximately 41% of the 57,737 residents living in mapped flood hazard areas are Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color (BIPOC). The Green/Duwamish watershed is the only major river watershed in King County in which more BIPOC residents (59%) than white residents (41%) reside in mapped flood hazard areas. Other watersheds exhibiting a high percentage of BIPOC community members residing in flood hazard areas include the Sammamish (43%), Cedar (36%), and White River watersheds (38%).10 Property The exposure analysis determined that approximately $11.9 billion of structural value for the general building stock is at risk to the 1% annual chance riverine flood event, and approximately $15.3 billion to the 0.2% annual chance flood event. Flooding and channel migration pose a risk to commercial and residential areas in the cities of Snoqualmie and North Bend and to residential areas in unincorporated King County. The lower reaches of the Middle and North Forks are subject to flooding and channel migration where rural residential development and agricultural land use are present. Environment Along the Snoqualmie Valley River, the three forks (North Fork, South Fork, Middle Fork) are vulnerable to sediment accumulation that reduces channel capacity. This is the result of intense flooding causing bank erosion and landslides. This can degrade salmonid habitats and their ability to migrate. 10 King County. 2024. 2024 King County Flood Management Plan. Seattle: King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks, Water and Land Resources Division. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 10: Flood 10-20 Operations A handful of government operations are located within the flood areas of King County. For first responders we have, 3 out of 64 police stations in the 0.2% annual chance floodplain (located in Skykomish, Redmond, and Issaquah), 6 out of 161 fire stations (located in Skykomish, Seattle, North Bend, Renton, Issaquah, and near Enumclaw), and 3 city buildings (located in Snoqualmie, North Bend, and Carnation). For critical facilities, there are 498 county-wide that could be exposed to the 1% annual chance riverine flood event, and 26 for a coastal flood event. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) Risk Assessment Scoring 3 Location Ha z a r d 3 Probability 3 Magnitude 2 Public Im p a c t 3 Responders 2 COP 2 PFI 3 Economy 1 Environment 2 PCG 3 People Vu l n e r a b i l i t y 2 Property 3 Environment 2 Operations 3 People Ri s k 2 Property 3 Environment 2 Operations High Overall Risk Chapter 11Hazardous Materials AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 11: Hazardous Materials 11-2 Chapter 11: Hazardous Materials 11.1 Hazard Description Hazardous materials (hazmat) releases are among the most common types of incidents. These “releases” can occur through spills, leaks, toxic vapor emissions, or any other process that allows a material to escape its container, enter the environment, and create a potential hazard.1 Hazmat is classified into nine different categories based on its characteristics: Figure 11-1 Classifications of Hazardous Materials2 Common hazardous materials include substances like anhydrous ammonia (used as a refrigerant), gasoline and diesel (used as fuels), paints and dyes (used in residential and commercial applications), and various corrosives (used in industries such as aircraft manufacturing). Pipelines and rail lines transport crude oil to refineries and finished fuels to homes (like natural gas) and retail fueling stations. Hazardous material releases can occur through a variety of causes, ranging from accidents and mismanagement to natural disasters and malicious attacks. 1 US DOT Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, “List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities” 49 CFR 172.101 Appendix A (n.d.) 2 FMCSA, “Nine Classes of Hazardous Materials (Yellow Visor Card)” Regulations (April 2013) AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 11: Hazardous Materials 11-3 • Accidents and Mismanagement: Hazmat releases can occur from leaking containers or pipelines due to corrosion or punctures. Accidental overflows during the transfer of hazardous materials, loading dock and warehouse accidents, careless handling, and even illegal activities such as drug labs can also lead to dangerous spills. For example, when someone dumps paint down a sewer, they are releasing hazardous material into the environment. Similarly, illegal drug labs not only use hazardous substances but also create hazardous waste, while car accidents that result in fuel, oil, or antifreeze spills also create hazardous cleanup situations. Another growing concern is the dumping of electronic waste, which releases toxic chemicals like lead, zinc, nickel, flame retardants, barium, and chromium into the environment. • Natural Hazards: Hazmat releases can also result from natural events like earthquakes, volcanic activity, severe flooding, and wildfires, which can cause containers or pipelines to rupture or overflow. • Malicious Attacks: The risk of a CBRNE event (chemical, biological, radiological, or nerve agent attack) is low, but its potential impacts would be severe. Despite the minimal daily risk, it remains a top priority for counterterrorism planners due to the catastrophic consequences. In Washington, over 20 billion gallons of oil and hazardous chemicals are transported annually by various means. 11.2 Location Hazardous materials can be present in a variety of locations, ranging from residential homes and workplaces to medical facilities and industrial sites. These materials can include cleaning products, engine fuels, chemicals, and everything in between. Certain areas are more prone to hosting or interacting with hazardous substances, such as distribution centers, ports, industrial zones, Tier II facilities, and transportation networks (including highways, rail lines, and pipelines). Additionally, there are identified contaminations sites such as Superfund and brownfield sites that face both short- and long-term exposure to hazardous materials. Below is a detailed overview of the most concerning areas. Duwamish River clean up AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 11: Hazardous Materials 11-4 Figure 11-2 Tier II Facilities 3 There are 3,164 facilities that submitted Tier II reports in 2023. In the City of Seattle alone there are thousands of facilities with hazardous materials regulated under the fire code. Other areas with high concentrations of hazardous materials usage include Auburn, Redmond and the Kent Valley. Business types that commonly use hazardous materials include: hospitals, schools and universities, metal plating and finishing, the aircraft industry, public utilities, cold storage companies, the fuel industries, the communication industry, chemical distributors, research, and high technology firms. Each of these facilities is required to maintain plans for warning, notification, evacuation and site security under various regulations. Primary hazardous materials stored are motor oil, sulfuric acid, and lead acid batteries. A facility failure, including an explosion or release of chemicals, could endanger or kill many people. In Waco, Texas in 2013, an ammonium nitrate explosion occurred at a distribution facility, leveling a neighborhood and killing 15 people. A train derailment in 2013 in Lac Megantic in Quebec, Canada killed 60 people and destroyed much of the town. Figure 11-3 Superfund National Priorities List (NPL) Sites4 There are currently 10 active superfund sites and 8 brownfield sites in King County. Superfund is a US EPA program that cleans up severely contaminated sites that have significant risk to the environment and public health. On the other hand, a brownfield site is a property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant.5 3 WA Department of Ecology, 2023 4 US Environmental Protection Agency, “Superfund National Priorities List (NPL) Where You Live Map” Learn About Superfund (September 2024): https://www.epa.gov/superfund/search-superfund-sites-where-you-live#advanced 5 US Environmental Protection Agency, “Brownfield Overview and Definition” (n.d.): https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/brownfields/brownfield-overview-and-definition_.html AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 11: Hazardous Materials 11-5 Figure 11-4 Pipelines in King County 6 King County is home to several major pipelines, including those operated by Phillips 66, TransMontaigne, Williams Pipeline, Northwest Pipeline, Olympic Pipeline Company, Puget Sound Energy, and Swissport Fueling. These pipelines transport essential fuels and chemicals across the region, but mismanagement and poor maintenance can lead to failures or shutdowns, which may cause contamination in nearby communities and significant economic impacts, including fuel shortages and price increases. One notable incident occurred in 2023 when a valve failure on the Olympic Pipeline in the Skagit Valley, just north of King County, caused a spill of approximately 30,660 gallons of gasoline. This spill impacted nearby creeks not far from Mount Vernon.7 The Olympic Pipeline's history also includes a tragic explosion in 1999, which killed three people and caused over $58 million in property damage. Other past incidents include a 2005 spill in Renton (40 gallons) and one in Bothell (30 gallons), as well as a 2020 spill in Bothell of 11.7 gallons. Figure 11-5 Transport restrictions for hazardous materials King County hosts a variety of unique transportation and geographic conditions, including one of the largest deep-water seaports on the west coast, an International Airport in SeaTac that handles cargo from all over the world, as well as fuel pipelines running south from Whatcom County through King County and down into Portland carrying jet fuels, diesel, gasoline, etc. Additionally, local highways like Interstate-5, Interstate-90, Interstate 405, US Highway 2, State Route (SR) 18, SR 516, SR 167, US Highway 99 and others transport hazardous materials throughout the region. Restricted HM routes include I-90 through Mercer Island, I-5 in 6 US DOT, “National Pipeline Mapping System (NPMS)” (n.d.): https://pvnpms.phmsa.dot.gov/PublicViewer/ 7 Lauren Girgis, “Olympic Pipeline leak released 25,000 gallons of gasoline” The Seattle Times (December 2023): https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/environment/olympic-pipeline-leak-released-25000-gallons-of- gasoline/ AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 11: Hazardous Materials 11-6 Seattle under the Convention Center, SR-99 Seattle Tunnel, and 188th S in Sea Tac. An oil spill in 2016 in Mosier, Oregon along the Columbia River very nearly caused the destruction of the entire town and an ecological catastrophe in the river. The community was saved by luck of the weather and because most of the oil that spilled flowed into a water treatment plant, where it was safely contained. 11.3 Magnitude Several systems are used to evaluate the either release of hazardous materials or areas that formerly acted as hazmat storage. These factors are based on contamination levels, risk to human health, environmental damage (for soil and water), and local impact. Although the likelihood of large numbers of fatalities from a single materials release is low, the effects can be devastating to impacted communities, the economy and the environment. A major oil spill in Puget Sound would destroy the fishery, including $4.5 billion in commercial fishing, plus tourism, and sport fishing. The Puget Sound is also a culturally sacred and environmentally critical resource that cannot be replaced or valued in dollars. In this way, the hazardous materials incident hazard is one of the most complex. It includes frequent spills and releases from day-to-day human activities, the threat of a major release from a massive spill or accident, and the threat of an intentional release from an attack. The impacts from hazardous materials are also complex, including slow-acting releases that kill people and the environment over years and catastrophes that kill thousands. Figure 11-6 Reported spills to waterways in King County, 2019 – 2023 8 8 WA Department of Ecology, Spill Map (December 2024): https://gis.ecology.wa.gov/portal/apps/experiencebuilder/experience/?id=591270509d254f189fb63d4c2d0af340 &page=Page&views=Reported-Incidents Spill Quantity No. Incidents 1 to 10 3056 11 to 100 812 101 to 1000 145 over 1000 32 AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 11: Hazardous Materials 11-7 Between 2019 and 2023, Washington State Department of Ecology received 4,045 reports of oil spills of one gallon or more reaching a water source, including both running into storm drains and running directly into a waterway. This only includes reported spills and only includes oil spills. This does not include the uncountable quantity of micro-spills that occur and are later washed into waterways by rain. For example, the rough spot of pavement in a parking lot that is the result of fluids dripping onto the pavement from parked vehicles is an oil spill.9 In Washington, the state Department of Ecology is the lead agency for hazardous materials. Local response is led by fire services. 11.4 Previous Occurrences Though they occur every day, many spills are not reported or go undetected. Some industrial spills from the 1970’s and 1980’s are still being cleaned up in the Kent Valley, Harbor Island, Duwamish corridor, and Seattle/South Park as federal Superfund cleanup sites. There are currently 10 active superfund cleanup sites in King County and eight brownfield sites.10 Currently active sites include: Table 11-1 Superfund and Brownfield sites within King County Site Name City Site Type Description Superfund Sites Harbor Island (lead) Seattle Recycling Batteries/scrap metals/secondary smelting/precious metal recovery groundwater contains benzene, ethyl benzene, xylene, mercury, cadmium, lead and zinc with poly chlorinated bi-phenols (PCB) sediments. Lockheed West Seattle Seattle Manufacturing, Processing, Maintenance Trucks/ships/trains/aircraft and related components heavy metal contaminants: arsenic, chromium, copper, lead, silver, and zinc with butyl tins and PCBs. Lower Duwamish Waterway Seattle Other Contaminated sediment site with no identifiable source. River sediments are contaminated with mercury, arsenic, PCBs, dioxins, furans, and phthalates. Midway Landfill Kent Waste Management Co-disposal landfill (municipal and industrial). Ground water contaminated with heavy metals and volatile organics. 9 Washington State Department of Ecology. Coastal Atlas. Accessed online on 7/2/19 from https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/coastalatlas/storymaps/spills/spills_sm.html. 10 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Superfund Sites Where You Live. Accessed online on 6/25/19 from https://www.epa.gov/superfund/search-superfund-sites-where-you-live AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 11: Hazardous Materials 11-8 Site Name City Site Type Description Pacific Car & Foundry Co. Renton Manufacturing, Processing, Maintenance Trucks/ships/trains/aircraft and related components. Soil is contaminated with heavy metals, PCBs and solvents. Approximately 37,000 obtain drinking water from wells within three miles. Pacific Sound Resources Seattle Manufacturing, Processing, Maintenance Lumber and wood products/wood preserving/treatment. Soil and ground water contaminated by PCBs and heavy metals from former wood treatment operations. Queen City Farms Maple Valley Waste Management Industrial waste facility (non-generator). the site is a former landfill. Ground water, surface water, and sludge contaminated by volatile organic compounds. Soil contaminated with PCBs and metals. Quendall Terminals Renton Manufacturing, Processing, Maintenance Chemicals and allied products. Soil and ground water contaminated with benzene and creosote from former manufacturing plant. Contaminants release to Lake Washington. Seattle Municipal Landfill (Kent Highlands) Kent Waste Management Landfill contains volatile organic compounds like toluene, xylene, vinyl chloride, and others – plus heavy metals. Western Processing Co. Inc. Kent Recycling Chemicals/chemical waste (e.g., solvent recovery). former industrial processing facility ground water and sediment contains volatile organic compounds, PCBs, phenols, and heavy metals. Brownfield Sites Boathouse Inc Renton Skyway Seattle Dry cleaning facility The 0.48-acre site was formerly home toa dry cleaning facility. The facility's operations led to hazardous chemical releases into the soil and groundwater. Located 5,700 feet from the Duwamish River and the Skyway Water District and City of Renton are within 2 miles. Rainier Court Seattle Housing 7-acre Rainier Court Property Phase IV Development, built on land with contaminated fill, has seen past uses such as vehicle storage, welding, and small residences with heating oil tanks. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 11: Hazardous Materials 11-9 Site Name City Site Type Description Goodwill Corp Dearborn Campus Seattle Retail, Storage, Learning Facility Goodwill site located in Seattle’s Central District. Contaminants in the soil and groundwater are linked to past activities, including a dry cleaner, hazardous materials storage, petroleum USTs, metal plating, and contaminated fill. Grand Street Commons Seattle Housing Located in Judkins Park neighborhood has hosted manufacturing, dry cleaning, and vehicle repair businesses, leading to hazardous substance releases into the soil and groundwater. Cleanup includes excavation and disposal of PCE- and petroleum-contaminated soil. Additionally, groundwater treatment began in June 2021. Chubby & Tubby Seattle Gas Station Half acre commercial space formerly used as a gas station that had petroleum contaminated soil. Boeing Auburn Auburn Manufacturing Auburn Plant has caused groundwater contamination with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), chemicals that emit vapors. Contaminated groundwater flows north and northwest from the site, affecting areas in Algona and Auburn. Betty Brite Cleaners SeaTac Dry cleaning facility This site has confirmed contamination of halogenated solvents that could potentially harm people and the environment. Currently awaiting cleanup. Mt Baker Properties Seattle Housing Since 2016, the Mt. Baker Housing Association (MBHA) has been cleaning up the contaminated site. Former business activities impacted the soil and groundwater, including contamination from a former gas station and Mount Baker Cleaners. While the majority of incidents tend to involve petroleum products, a significant number involve extremely hazardous materials. Extremely hazardous materials include chemicals like chlorine, ammonia, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, some pesticides (EHS is a technical designation, so not pesticides- although the chemistries used as pesticides might be on the EHS list), and other chemicals that can cause immediate death or injury when inhaled, ingested, or come in contact with skin. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 11: Hazardous Materials 11-10 An example of the cleanup costs for a Superfund site is illustrated by the Harbor Island Cleanup. The former owner, RSR Corporation agreed to pay $8.5 million in fines toward the cleanup that will cost (when completed) over $32 million.11 The cost to cleanup an illegal drug lab (in a home) can cost between $5,000 and $100,000 depending on the size of the home. Often the occupants vacate or abandon the sites – leaving a bank or credit union holding the mortgage and cleanup costs.12 11.5 Probability of Future Occurrences Given the widespread use and distribution of hazardous materials across the county, including in residential homes, medical facilities, and industrial sites, the risk of a hazmat release within the next year is inevitable. Certain areas are more vulnerable to these incidents, such as the 3,164 reported Tier II facilities, transportation networks like the Olympic Pipeline, and Superfund sites. Historical data shows that most spills are relatively small, with over 75% involving 1 to 10 gallons oil and 20% falling within the 11 to 100-gallon range. However, approximately 5% of spills exceed 101 gallons, underscoring the potential for more substantial environmental damage. 11.6 Climate Change Considerations Climate change increases the risk and impact of hazardous material (hazmat) releases due to more extreme weather events like floods, storms, and wildfires, rising sea levels, and higher temperatures. These factors can damage infrastructure, such as chemical storage tanks and pipelines, causing spills and leaks. Changes in precipitation patterns, including droughts and heavy rainfall, can overwhelm containment systems and lead to toxic runoff. Additionally, aging infrastructure may be more vulnerable to climate stresses, and extreme weather can disrupt emergency response efforts, making it harder to manage hazmat incidents. Climate change also affects ecosystems, making them more susceptible to contamination from spills. 11.7 Impact Assessment Public Potential Impacts to the public from a hazardous materials spill can vary widely. Temporary or even permanent displacement through evacuation from an unsafe area can result in relocation/displacement of populations. Employment disruption, school closure, impacts to private and community wellheads and other impacts can change whole communities. Long term exposure to toxic 11 U.S. Department of Justice. 2006. Former Harbor Island Smelter Operator to Pay $8.5 Million in Superfund Cleanup Costs. Accessed online on 6/25/19 from https://www.justice.gov/archive/opa/pr/2006/January/06_enrd_047.html. 12 Dewan, Shaila and Robbie Brown. July 25, 2009. When an ex-meth lab is home. The Seattle Times. Accessed online on 6/25/19 from https://www.seattletimes.com/business/real-estate/when-an-ex-meth-lab-is-a-home/. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 11: Hazardous Materials 11-11 chemicals can cause birth defects and temporary or permanent health problems – especially for the young, old and infirm.13 Responders Hazardous materials make response and recovery activities in all disasters a threat to the health and safety of responders. During local events, such as house fires, stores of chemicals can catch fire and explode, injuring responders. During larger events such as earthquakes, large-scale releases can surprise and overwhelm responders without proper equipment. It can also be extremely difficult to determine the chemical or chemicals that have been released from a given spill, adding to first responder danger. Continuity of Operations King County is the operator of several facilities that are vulnerable to hazardous materials spills. The county has three waste water operations (South Plant, West Point Treatment Plant, and Brightwater). These expensive facilities are vulnerable to the introduction of chemicals (when in large volumes) to the sanitary sewer system. The county also has solid waste (garbage) transfer stations and a major landfill operation at Cedar Hills. While contaminants are avoided, some material may make its way into the landfill and the ground water table. Drinking water facilities including private and community well heads and reservoirs may also be vulnerable to introduction of chemical or biological contaminants. Any chemical spill that impacts a major roadway or rail line may impact public transit routes in the county. Property, Facilities, and Infrastructure Property Spills of hazardous materials to soil or buildings can result in extensive and costly cleanup efforts. Cleanup standards are established by federal (U.S. EPA), state (Washington State Department of Ecology), and local standards (fire agencies and environmental agencies). Until a site is cleaned up to those standards, residential or business occupancy can be denied under the Health Code. The responsible party (property owner) may be required to pay for the cleanup. Often this can lead to bankruptcy and clean up by state or federal agencies and contractors. Contaminated property can drastically reduce the value of the property and the King County subsequent property taxes available to local and state government. Similar impacts can be expected for transportation accidents with hazardous material spills. Facilities Hospitals can be overwhelmed by major releases of hazardous materials as populations, both those exposed and those who feel they may have been, check in at emergency rooms. Hospitals and pharmacies are also sources of hazardous materials, including some radioactive materials such as those associated with cancer treatment. 13 U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Health Effects of Chemical Exposure. Accessed online on 6/25/19 from https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/emes/public/docs/Health%20Effects%20of%20Chemical%20Exposure%20FS.pdf. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 11: Hazardous Materials 11-12 Infrastructure With hazardous materials being everywhere in our modern community, it is possible to impact almost any critical facility in the county. Any roadway or rail line is vulnerable to the many chemicals transported over them daily. Spills to soils and surface water sources can impact drinking water and the environment. Materials dumped into sanitary sewers can contaminate wastewater treatment plants. Airborne chemicals can cause the evacuation of the area downwind of the spill, including critical facilities. Damage to road surfaces from chemical spills may require the removal and replacement of the entire road surface and foundational roadbed. Transformers used in power transmission contain chemicals called PCB (Poly chlorinated bi-phenols) that can be released during wind storms or lightning strikes and traffic accidents. The impacts to business from interrupted commute/road or railroads closures can last for hours, days, weeks, or longer. White powder incidents have closed postal facilities and government buildings until the substance was identified and removed Environment Any chemical spill on or along rails, roads, pipelines, fixed industrial facilities or illegal drug labs/dumping may impact the natural environment. Wetlands, streams and rivers, lakes, and reservoirs may all be damaged from chemical spills. In some cases these damages may injure the plant and animal life irreparably. Birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and mammals may all be impacted. Air pollutants may impact human inhabitants as well as the natural environment. Recreational areas can be closed until a suitable solution can be found to recover the natural environment. Economy Small spills can close businesses and have a rather large impact on employment and land use including the properties of neighbors not responsible for the chemical release. Superfund sites can impact a community for decades until they are cleaned up. The large salmon and fishing fleet that calls King County home may be impacted when some of a year’s fish stock – or even the entire run is impacted. Public Confidence in Governance The Community Right to Know Act, and other related legislation, resulted from serious breaches in public confidence following massive releases, explosions, or other failures in hazardous materials systems. Any major incident in and of itself seems to offer proof to the public of a regulatory failure. Maintaining Local Emergency Planning Committees and a regular structure to report and analyze hazardous materials releases is critical to maintaining public confidence. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 11: Hazardous Materials 11-13 11.8 Vulnerability Assessment Vulnerable populations Vulnerable populations often live in closer proximity to facilities with the risk of hazardous materials release. In King County, this includes residences near the Duwamish industrial area, in Kent, Renton, and south Seattle. These are also the locations of the superfund sites in the region. In cases of major releases or system failures, the most impacted populations are frequently lower-income, often ethnic minority communities that live nearby. Populations with respiratory issues are also at a heightened risk of impacts due to an airborne release of chemicals. Low-income communities in or around industrial facilities Low-income communities are more likely to be impacted from major releases due to the proximity of affordable housing to industrial areas and historic environmental injustices. Individuals with respiratory issues Individuals with respiratory issues are more likely to succumb quickly to an airborne release of a chemical. Property Properties vulnerable to hazardous material (hazmat) release typically include former industrial sites, dry cleaning facilities, gas stations with underground storage tanks, landfills, and vehicle maintenance or repair shops. These properties often suffer from contamination due to the improper disposal or leakage of chemicals, solvents, petroleum products, heavy metals, and other toxic substances. Sites with contaminated fill or former military and chemical storage areas are also at risk, as they may harbor pollutants that persist in the soil and groundwater. Environment Oil tankers are expected to traverse Puget Sound in growing numbers due to Canada’s approval of a major pipeline and terminal in Vancouver, BC. When this occurs, it will significantly raise the risk of a spill that could destroy much of the aquatic life in Puget Sound. Operations Transportation Major transportation facilities store huge amounts of chemicals and fuel in depots. A failure or fire at one of these facilities could damage or destroy these assets. Interstate highways are a major artery carrying chemicals. Accidents happen every day and major chemical spills can shut down a roadway AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 11: Hazardous Materials 11-14 for an extended period of time. Additionally, oil slicks contribute to traffic injuries and fatalities when it rains. Rail facilities transport chemicals and fuels, including highly combustible crude oil. There have been multiple derailments and spills. In Mosier, Oregon in 2016, a train derailed causing a fire that nearly destroyed the town, and the fuel avoided leaking in large quantities into the Columbia River by luck. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) PC: Ken Lambert Risk Assessment Scoring 4 Location Ha z a r d 3 Probability 3 Magnitude 3 Public Im p a c t 3 Responders 3 COP 1 PFI 1 Environment 3 Economy 3 PCG 4 People Vu l n e r a b i l i t y 1 Property 1 Environment 2 Operations 3 People Ri s k 2 Property 3 Environment 3 Operations High Overall Risk Chapter 12Health Incidents AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 12: Health Incidents 12-2 Chapter 12: Health Incidents 12.1 Hazard Description For the purpose of this risk assessment, health incidents are referred to as infectious disease outbreaks affecting the population, agriculture, and/or wildlife. While there have been great advancements in public health and medicine to address and even eradicate dangerous infectious diseases, the emergence of evolving and novel pathogens, as well as increased mistrust in government and health institutions, present new challenges for the coming years. This risk is a growing concern for the county in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to a substantial morbidity (illness) and mortality (death) as well as strained healthcare systems and economic losses. Proactive planning by federal, state, and local agencies is essential for mitigating the future spread of illnesses and their impacts. The county’s primary concerns include communicable and agricultural diseases. Communicable diseases are vector-borne illnesses that people spread to one another through contact with contaminated surfaces, bodily fluids, blood products, insect bites, or through the air. Examples include influenza, norovirus, and hepatitis A. Agricultural diseases encompass a variety of animal and crop diseases, pest infestation, and food safety outbreaks. Examples include highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), Chronic Wasting Disease and e coli. An outbreak can be characterized by the extent of spread of the disease: • Endemic, seen in more common diseases, are at baseline levels within a community. Animal and crop diseases are endemic in many parts of the world. • Epidemic refers to an increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in that population in that area. • Pandemic refers to an epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents, usually affecting a large number of people. Outbreaks of any scale can have significant impacts on public health and healthcare resources. New or emerging diseases can also quickly become an epidemic or pandemic if there is little or no immunity in the population. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 12: Health Incidents 12-3 12.2 Location All King County jurisdictions are susceptible to infectious disease outbreaks. However, several factors can increase the likelihood of a disease spreading, including population density, the amount of international travel and trade in an area, likelihood of exposure to animals, the availability of accessible healthcare services, and the pre-existing health conditions of those exposed or infected. Population Density King County is the largest county in Washington State, home to over 2.2 million residents with a population density of approximately 985 people per square mile. Comparatively, urban centers in the county such as Seattle has a population density of about 9,000 people per square mile across its 83.83 square miles. Similarly, the City of Bellevue has around 4,612 people per square mile within its 33.5 square miles. High population density in these cities create environments conducive to the rapid spread of infectious diseases, as close human contact is a primary driver of transmission. Port and Travel Seattle is home to the eighth largest port and the eleventh busiest airport in the United States, and the Seattle Tacoma airport is one of the first points of entry for international travelers across the Pacific. The presence of major international air and sea ports, along with a thriving cruise ship industry creates a steady flow of visitors to our area, raising the risk of importing (and exporting) infectious diseases. Diseases that are not endemic to Washington have the potential for introduction and spread among our residents. Vaccine preventable diseases (e.g., acute viral hepatitis, measles, and influenza) are significant contributors to morbidity and potential mortality in international travelers and can cause local outbreaks among susceptible persons. Furthermore, unvaccinated individuals travelling abroad risk acquiring and spreading diseases that are not common in the United States.1 Health Risk Populations Those who are often hit the hardest by disease outbreaks include young children, the elderly, the poor, and those with underlying health conditions. There is extensive healthcare infrastructure within King County that provides care for the wider region, including one of the area’s only pediatric hospitals and the only Level 1 Trauma center for Washington, Idaho, Montana, and Alaska. Similarly, Airlift Northwest is the only life-flight agency serving the same four-state region. The areas with the highest number of adults with high-risk health conditions, shown in Figure 12-1, include Carnation, Duvall, Federal Way, Downtown Seattle, Queen Anne, Magnolia, Shoreline, Ballard, Burien, and Kent. 1 CDC, “Routine Vaccines” CDC Travelers’ Health (September 2024): https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/routine- vaccines AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 12: Health Incidents 12-4 Figure 12-1 King County Map of Adults with High-Risk Health Conditions 2 The communities Shoreline, Burien, Federal Way, and Kent are also shown to have high percentages of uninsured community members. People who experience homelessness often have limited access to medical care and may not be fully represented in this data set. Figure 12-2 King County Uninsured Population, 20223 2 “COVID-19 Vulnerable Communities Data Tool” Communities Count (n.d.): communitiescount.org/covid19vulnerable 3 “Health Insurance” Communities Count (2023): communitiescount.org/health-insurance AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 12: Health Incidents 12-5 12.3 Magnitude When monitoring communicable diseases, the King County Department of Public Health employs the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Pandemic Intervals Framework (PIF), which delineates the progression of an influenza pandemic through six distinct intervals. This widely recognized framework not only visualizes fluctuations in disease activity but also provides a standardized method for describing pandemic phases, thereby guiding public health responses effectively. Figure 12-3 CDC Pandemic Intervals Framework (PIF)4 The CDC PIF is also cross referenced with the World Health Organization (WHO) phases along with federal, state, and local indicators which notes when one interval moves into another. The impact of a disease can be tracked and characterized using several different indicators. These indicators can help Public Health – Seattle & King County (PHSKC) assess and respond to potential disease outbreaks. 4 “Pandemic Intervals Framework (PIF)” CDC Pandemic Flu (n.d.): https://www.cdc.gov/pandemic-flu/php/national- strategy/intervals-framework.html AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 12: Health Incidents 12-6 Table 12-1 WHO Phases, CDC Intervals, Indicators 5 World Health Organization phases CDC intervals Federal indicators for CDC intervals State/Local indicators for CDC intervals Interpandemic phase: Period between influenza pandemics Alert phase: Influenza caused by a new subtype has been identified in humans Investigation: Investigation of novel influenza A infection in humans or animals Identification of novel influenza A infection in humans or animals anywhere in the world with potential implications for human health Identification of novel influenza A infection in humans or animals in the United States with potential implications for human health Recognition: Recognition of increased potential for ongoing transmission of a novel influenza A virus Increasing number of human cases or clusters of novel influenza A infection anywhere in the world with virus characteristics, indicating increased potential for ongoing human-to-human transmission Increasing number of human cases or clusters of novel influenza A infection in the United States with virus characteristics indicating increased potential for ongoing human-to-human transmission Pandemic phase: Global spread of human influenza caused by a new subtype Initiation: Initiation of a pandemic wave Confirmation of human cases of a pandemic influenza virus anywhere in the world with demonstrated efficient and sustained human-to-human transmission Confirmation of human cases of a pandemic influenza virus in the United States with demonstrated efficient and sustained human- to-human transmission Acceleration: Acceleration of a pandemic wave Consistently increasing rate of pandemic influenza cases identified in the United States, indicating established transmission Consistently increasing rate of pandemic influenza cases identified in the state, indicating established transmission Deceleration: Deceleration of a pandemic wave Consistently decreasing rate of pandemic influenza cases in the United States Consistently decreasing rate of pandemic influenza cases in the state 5 Sonja A. Rasmussen MD, et al., “Updated Preparedness and Response Framework for Influenza Pandemics” CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) (September 2014): https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6306a1.htm#Tab AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 12: Health Incidents 12-7 Transition phase: Reduction in global risk, reduction in response activities, or progression toward recovery actions Preparation: Preparation for future pandemic waves Low pandemic influenza activity but continued outbreaks possible in some jurisdictions Low pandemic influenza activity but continued outbreaks possible in the state 12.4 Previous Occurrences Since 2000, there have been several large-scale health incidents around the world which have had a devastating impact on lives and livelihoods, including the 2003 SARS outbreak, 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, 2014 Ebola outbreak, 2015 Zika epidemic, COVID-19 pandemic, and the 2022-2023 mpox outbreak.6 While the impacts, risk factors, and causes vary, infectious disease outbreaks are an ongoing threat that requires preparedness and vigilance. Table 12-2 Previous infection disease outbreaks in King County Disease Time Description E. coli. 1993 E. coli-contaminated hamburger meat from a local Jack in the Box caused illness in 400 people and led to the death of two people within one month in the Washington area. Cases were seen in California, Idaho, and Nevada as well. Pertussis 2002- 2005 Between 2002 and 2003 Public Health reported an 82% increase in the number of Pertussis infections in infants, and a three-fold increase in the number of cases in children <6 months. The occurrence of Pertussis in adolescents and adults has been on the rise since 1990, culminating in a national epidemic in 2005 when 25,616 reported cases nation-wide. Outbreaks within healthcare facilities can occur quickly because the bacterial infection is highly contagious. Influenza 2009 The H1N1 outbreak of 2009 affected the young and healthy populations as well as those with chronic diseases. This increase in morbidity caused strain on the local healthcare system. Although the H1N1 virus was not as virulent and there were not 6 Public Health – Seattle & King County (PHSKC), “Biological Incident Response Annex” (June 2024): https://kingcounty.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=6458573&GUID=7E04B4F2-35E5-47B8-BA78- 6FD7C85966AB AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 12: Health Incidents 12-8 nearly as many fatalities as previous pandemics, the outbreak caused a larger than usual amount of disease in the community than seasonal influenza virus does. Hepatitis A 2017, 2019 In 2017, several state and local health departments responded to hepatitis A outbreaks, spread through person-to-person contact, that occurred primarily among persons who use injection and non-injection drugs, and/or person who experienced homelessness and their close contacts. Multistate outbreaks of hepatitis A infections have also been linked to food products (i.e. strawberries in 2016 and pomegranate seeds in 2013). A large outbreak centered in Seattle would cause a strain on the public health system and potentially have strong impacts on local businesses, especially any that the public perceives as responsible for the outbreak.7 COVID-19 2020- Present Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. On January 20, 2020, the first case of COVID-19 in the United States was identified in Washington state. Since February 2020 there have been almost 600,000 reported cases, close to 18,000 hospitalizations, and more than 3,600 deaths from COVID-19 in King County. Mpox 2022 In May 2022, an outbreak of mpox (formerly known as monkeypox virus disease) suddenly and rapidly spread across Europe, the Americas, and all six WHO regions, with 110 countries reporting a combined approximate 87,000 cases and 112 deaths. Cases of mpox were reported from countries where the disease was not endemic and cases were increased in several endemic countries, i.e., most confirmed cases with travel history reported travel to countries in Europe and North America, rather than West or Central Africa where the mpox virus is endemic. The global outbreak affected primarily (but not only) gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men and spread person-to- person through touching, kissing, sex, or contact with contaminated sheets, clothes, or needles. Avian Influenza 2022 – Present A strain of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenzas (HPAI) circulated in wild birds and poultry was first identified in Washington state in May 2022. The first human cases of H5 avian 7 “Hepatitis A Outbreak Linked to Person-to-Person Contact” CDC Viral Hepatitis (April 2024): https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/outbreaks/ongoing-hepatitis-a/index.html AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 12: Health Incidents 12-9 influenza were reported in Washington state in October 2024. There are now 9 cases of human with H5. CDC currently the risk to the general public’s health to be low.8 Varicella (chicken pox) 2023 In May 2023, at least 3 confirmed cases of varicella among asylum seekers at an encampment located in Tukwila.9 Measles 2024 In 2024, several confirmed cases of measles were reported in King County, all linked to international travel. In April, a group of international travelers in King County came into close contact with a confirmed measles case in Georgia. Several of these individuals lacked documented immunity to the virus. On May 10th and 11th, an adult with a confirmed case of measles passed through Seattle-Tacoma International Airport. The individual is believed to have contracted the virus while traveling in Europe or while en route to the region. On June 10th, a child at Franciscan Urgent Care in West Seattle was diagnosed with measles. The child, who had not been vaccinated, likely contracted the virus during international travel. 12.5 Probability of Future Occurrences While it is impossible to predict the timing or nature of the next outbreak, history demonstrates that they are not uncommon and can have devastating effects on communities. Although advancements in medicine over the past century have enhanced our ability to combat diseases, several factors—such as rapid population growth in our city centers, increasing number of individuals without adequate healthcare, the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, globalization, and societal upheaval —contribute to the rapid spread and increased severity of outbreaks. Emerging variants of COVID-19, novel strains of influenza, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) all pose risks with the potential to trigger outbreaks. These diseases and variants can also have limited or no medical countermeasure (therapeutic treatment or vaccine), posing as a high risk/low frequency event that have the potential to broadly impact health and medical capacity as well as disrupt critical resources and support infrastructure. 8 “Avian Influenza” Washington State Department of Health (DOH) (n.d.): doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/illness- and-disease-z/avian-influenza 9 Public Health – Seattle & King County (PHSKC), “Varicella cluster in Tukwila, King County” King County (December 2023): https://kingcounty.gov/en/dept/dph/health-safety/disease-illness/health-advisories/2023/13-december AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 12: Health Incidents 12-10 12.6 Climate Change Considerations Climate change and globalization have significantly heightened the reach of invasive species, pathogens, and diseases affecting people, agriculture, and the environment. With extensive global travel networks and increasing urbanization, novel pathogens can quickly spread far beyond their origins. This rapid transmission poses a particular threat to individuals on the front lines of exposure, especially those with fewer resources, as well as vulnerable populations. Key ecological concerns include the introduction of diseases and parasites to wild species, competition between wild and farm-raised species, threats from invasive species, and the negative effects of pollution and fish farming on shellfish beds, among others. These climate-driven changes in ecosystems further exacerbate the risk of emerging infectious diseases by altering the interactions between humans, pathogens, and animals.10 Rising temperatures have also allowed the spread of diseases and vectors that previously were not of concern to King County. For example, Coccidioides fungus that causes Valley Fever detected in south-central Washington State and spreads through dust or disturbed soil.11 Warmer average temperatures have resulted in expanding mosquito distribution. Warmer temperatures also speed up the life-cycle of mosquitoes, allowing adult mosquitoes to mature faster, increasing people’s risk of exposure to diseases such as West Nile virus (WNV).12 Between 2003 and 2023, more than 1 million cases of vector-borne diseases were reported in the United States. Rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns can boost mosquito and tick populations and make it easier for them to spread harmful pathogens to people. 12.7 Impact Assessment Epidemics directly affect the health of people who live, work, and visit a community. They have the potential to be one of the deadliest hazards a community can face. As demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic, they can have cascading impacts to the economy and society at large. 10 KC Ernest, et al., “Focus on Covid-19 and Climate Change” Fifth National Climate Assessment (2023): https://doi.org/10.7930/NCA5.2023.F3 11 “Valley Fever (Coccidioidomycosis)” Washington State Department of Health (DOH) (n.d.): https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/illness-and-disease-z/valley-fever- coccidioidomycosis#:~:text=Valley%20Fever%2C%20also%20called%20coccidioidomycosis,severe%20forms%20of %20the%20disease 12 “Infectious Diseases and Climate Change” Washington State Department of Health (DOH) (n.d.): https://doh.wa.gov/community-and-environment/climate-and-health/infectious- diseases#:~:text=Environmental%20Fungal%20Diseases,will%20change%20with%20changing%20environments AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 12: Health Incidents 12-11 Public Infectious diseases can have a profound impact on human health, leading to a range of negative consequences, including increased healthcare costs, lost income due to time away from work, and, in the most severe cases, loss of life. Responders Emergency services would be severely impacted during a serious outbreak because they are likely to be exposed early due to public contact. As responders become sick, response times and capabilities would be severely limited. Public Health teams widely reported that they were overwhelmed with workload during many phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. Response demands often outpaced Public Health resources.13 Continuity of Operations Many government operations may cease to function on a normal basis during the most severe outbreaks. Agencies may have to adopt work from home policies and take other steps to protect employees. Due to employee illness, many non-essential functions may have to be curtailed. Property, Facilities, and Infrastructure Facilities King County has a large concentration of healthcare resources, but in an epidemic or pandemic these resources can be stretched or overwhelmed by the outbreak situation. As facilities become unable to take additional patients, it may be possible to treat people in outpatient facilities. Infrastructure • Energy: There are no direct impacts, outside of employee absenteeism, to the energy sector. • Water/Wastewater: King County has many open reservoirs that provide water to the city. These reservoirs could become contaminated and be a source of infection for area residents. This system is a potential target of bioterrorist activities. • Transportation: A disease would not cause any direct damage to the transportation system, but high absenteeism would affect it. Public transit, shipping, and other services may only function at 50% during especially severe outbreaks. • Communications: There are no direct impacts, outside of employee absenteeism, to the communications sector. 13 Public Health – Seattle & King County (PHSKC), “Biological Incident Response Annex” (June 2024): https://kingcounty.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=6458573&GUID=7E04B4F2-35E5-47B8-BA78- 6FD7C85966AB AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 12: Health Incidents 12-12 Environment In the case of a pandemic that requires quarantine, the reduced amount of travel can have positive effects on the local air quality, as decreased vehicular and industrial activity reduces emissions of harmful pollutants and greenhouse gases. Regarding agricultural diseases, there is large negative impact on natural resources including landscape, livestock, and forests. In the event of a outbreak of livestock such as avian flu, farmers are required to put down their flock in order to prevent further spread of the virus. Economic The economy may come to a virtual standstill for weeks on end during severe outbreaks as people avoid public places. Many small businesses may lose too much revenue and be forced to close. On March 15, 2020, of non-essential businesses closed down in order to limit the spread of COVID-19. This resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of people laid off or furloughed in King County. Workers residing in King County filed an average of more than 30,000 initial claims per week between March 1 and May 2, 2020. During an outbreak of infectious disease in livestock, large‐scale depopulation of livestock may be necessary to curb further spread of the pathogen and prevent associated welfare problems arising. This puts large financial constraints on farmers. Public Confidence in Governance The public understands that an outbreak is a severe natural event; however, restrictions on public gatherings are not popular and create frustration. Some people may believe they are not getting enough attention from the medical community. Others may begin to doubt the efficacy of treatment options if the disease worsens. In the most extreme cases, confidence in the medical system can be shaken. 12.8 Vulnerability Assessment Vulnerable Populations Data shows the burdens of infectious diseases are not evenly borne across the population. Viruses have had disproportionate impacts on the elderly, people with weakened immune systems, those with several pre-existing chronic medical conditions and disabilities, and communities of color. During a serious epidemic, older adults, individuals with compromised immune systems, children, people without health insurance, people who speak a language other than AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 12: Health Incidents 12-13 English, and people who are recent immigrants to the country are likely to be the most at-risk and suffer the worst impacts. Young and Old People People who are either old or young have weaker immune systems and are usually more likely to succumb during an outbreak. In 2017- 2018 flu season, there were nearly 1,000,000 hospitalizations and 79,400 deaths. The most at-risk group is adults over 65 years of age (70% of hospitalizations).14 Older adults account for nearly 90% of deaths. People with Disabilities and Compromised Immune Systems People with disabilities experienced gaps regarding translation and interpretation services, gaps in testing and vaccine site accessibility in early phases of the pandemic, inadequate disability representation on public health data dashboards, and limited transportation options to obtain resources. Those with compromised immune systems are also most likely to become infected and succumb from a serious disease. BIPOC In King County, American Indian/Alaskan Native, Black, Hispanic, and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander residents experienced higher rates of COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths than Asian and White residents. Through June 12, 2022, King County has had 2,850 deaths (0.6% of positive reported cases). Age-adjusted death rates of confirmed cases are highest among residents who are Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (749 per 100,000), American Indian/Alaska Native (452 per 100,000), Hispanic/Latinx (260 per 100,000), and Black (219 per 100,000). Case rates for most communities of color are higher than among White residents (106 per 100,000). Immigrants and Refugees Immigrants and refugees make up more than 24% of King County population. There are also over 100 languages spoken in King County.15 This can lead to communication barriers on important 14 Centers for Disease Control, “Estimated Influenza Illnesses, Medical visits, Hospitalizations, and Deaths in the United States — 2017–2018 influenza season” (November 2019) https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/burden/2017- 2018.htm 15 Public Health – Seattle & King County (PHSKC), “Equity Response Annex” (June 2024) AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 12: Health Incidents 12-14 health protocol. It also makes navigating the American health system challenging. People without health insurance People without health insurance are more likely to delay getting care, allowing the disease to spread farther before it is identified. Healthcare Staff Healthcare staff are on the front line of any infectious disease outbreak. They come into regular contact with sick patients and are likely to be exposed both before the illness is identified and during treatment. Property No property is vulnerable in the event of an infectious disease outbreak. Environment Certain environments can be a conduit for infectious diseases. They can create conditions that support the spread of toxic fungi or the increased population of virus transmitters such as mosquitoes. However, the spread of communicable diseases in humans does not have known impacts on the environment. Operations The health system is likely to be overwhelmed in any serious epidemic. In especially serious outbreaks, it may be inadvisable for patients to even come to the hospital and treatment may have to occur outside of hospital facilities. For example, many Public Health employees during the early COVID response worked 80–100-hour work weeks, often going months without a day off.16 16 Public Health – Seattle & King County (PHSKC), “Biological Incident Response Annex” (June 2024): https://kingcounty.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=6458573&GUID=7E04B4F2-35E5-47B8-BA78- 6FD7C85966AB AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) Risk Assessment Scoring 2 Location Ha z a r d 3 Probability 2 Magnitude 1 Public Im p a c t 1 Responders 1 COP 2 PFI 3 Environment 2 Economy 2 PCG 1 People Vu l n e r a b i l i t y 2 Property 2 Environment 1 Operations 2 People Ri s k 2 Property 2 Environment 2 Operations Moderate Overall Risk PC: WADNR Chapter 13Landslide AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 13: Landslide 13-2 Chapter 13: Landslide 13.1 Hazard Description The term “landslide” encompasses a variety of geomorphic processes in which masses of soil, rock, and debris (a mixture of soil and rock) become detached and move downslope. Typically, this mass is wet, saturated, or suspended in water. Landslide movement can occur rapidly or slowly, and the displaced material may remain solid or behave like a liquid. The size of landslides can vary significantly, ranging from a few cubic yards to millions of cubic yards. The specific nature of this movement is referred to as the "landslide style," which depends on the local geology, topography, and hydrology at the site of the failure. Causation Landslides are generally considered secondary hazards, triggered by precipitation, earthquakes, wildfires, and human activities. Smaller, shallower landslides often occur in response to short-term storm events lasting hours or days, while larger, deep-seated slides may be initiated by prolonged wet conditions persisting for months. Historical records and geological evidence indicate that significant earthquakes, though infrequent, can also serve as powerful landslide triggers. Areas affected by wildfires are particularly susceptible, as burn scars can lead to debris flows. Human activities such as improper clearing, grading, or stormwater discharge can also contribute to landslide occurrences. Additionally, landslides tend to occur in areas where there is a history of previous occurrences. Five general styles of landslide phenomenon have been identified in King County: 1996 Perkins Lane landslide in Seattle’s neighborhood Magnolia AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 13: Landslide 13-3 Table 13-1 Landslide styles that occur in King County 1 Name Description Deep-seated landslides Deep-seated landslides are those that fail below the rooting depth of trees and vegetation. They are often slow moving but can also move rapidly. Deep-seated landslides can cover large areas and devastate infrastructure and housing developments. These landslides usually occur as translational slides, rotational slides, or large block slides. Deep-seated landslides are typically much larger than shallow landslides, in terms of both surface area and volume. A deep-seated landslide may appear stable for years, decades, or even centuries. These long-lived features can be partially or entirely reactivated for a variety of reasons. Shallow debris slides Shallow debris slides (also known as shallow landslides, infinite slope failures, and colluvial slides) are a common style of slope - movement both in the Puget Lowland and Cascade Mountains. Shallow landslides are rooted in the soil layer and often form slumps along roadways or fast-moving debris flows down valleys. These types of landslides are often called 'mudslides' by the news media. Shallow landslides also occur as flows, slides, or rockfalls and topples. Shallow landslides typically occur during the winter months in western Washington. 1 King County DNRP, “Mapping of Potential Landslide Hazards along the River Corridors of King County, Washington” River and Floodplain Management Section, Water and Land Resources Division, Department of Natural Resources and Parks (2016): https://your.kingcounty.gov/dnrp/library/2016/kcr2783.pdf AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 13: Landslide 13-4 Debris flows Debris flows and debris floods usually occur in steep gullies, move very rapidly, and can travel for many miles. Debris flows and floods deposit material on alluvial or depositional fans. They may contain more coarse material than a mudflow when channelized. Slopes where vegetation has been removed by fire or humans are at greater risk for debris flows and many other types of landslides. Rock fall 2 Falls and topples are usually rapid, downward movement of large pieces of rock or debris. Sometimes this is enough rock to cover a road or block a stream or river. Rockfalls and topples are common in Washington’s mountain highways. Rock avalanches Rock avalanche is a style of landslide characterized by the simultaneous failure of an entire bedrock hillslope and with the dislodged mass cascading to the valley below. Extremely rapid, massive, flow-like motion of fragmented rock from a large rockslide or rock fall. Although no rock avalanches have occurred in King County in historical times, fields of angular boulders at the base of steep mountainsides are clear evidence of prehistoric failures. 2 Washington Department of Natural Resources (DNR), “Falls and Topples” Landslides (n.d.): https://www.dnr.wa.gov/programs-and-services/geology/geologic-hazards/landslides#types-of-landslides.9 AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 13: Landslide 13-5 13.2 Location King County is shaped by multiple glacial advances over the past two million years, the most recent occurring around 14,000 years ago. Landslides are most prevalent in areas where post-glacial erosion has created steep slopes in glacial deposits, particularly along beach bluffs, ravine slopes, and river valley walls. Interestingly, some areas with lower slopes may actually be remnants of old, deep-seated landslides that could be at risk of reactivation. Key characteristics of landslide hazard areas include:3 4 • A slope greater than 40 percent • Landslide activity or movement in the last 10,000 years • Stream or wave action with erosion or bank undercutting • The presence of a depositional fan that may indicate a history of debris flows, debris floods, or rockfall • The presence of impermeable soils, such as silt or clay, which are mixed with granular soils such as sand and gravel In 2019, The Washington Geological Survey (WGS) published a landslide inventory for Washington State. The Landslide Hazards Program is actively creating inventories for densely populated areas, successfully mapping 60% of King County where people and infrastructure are present. Utilizing LiDAR derivatives, landslide geologists have identified and mapped 2,838 landslides and 1,251 alluvial fans. High landslide density was noted along Puget Sound bluffs, river corridors, and in the upland areas of the Cascade Range. 3 Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), “King County Risk Report: Landslide Exposure Assessment” (2018): p 52. 4 AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 13: Landslide 13-6 Figure 13-1 King County Landslide Inventory5 While landslide polygons indicate areas where landslides have already occurred, landslide susceptibility attempts to highlight areas that could experience a landslide in the future. WA DNR have not done landslide susceptibility for the county. But the USGS just published a national scale landslide susceptibility map. 5 Washington Department of Natural Resources (DNR), “WSG Landslide Inventory” (2019): https://www.dnr.wa.gov/programs-and-services/geology/geologic-hazards/landslides#find-mapped-landslidesl AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 13: Landslide 13-7 Figure 13-2 Landslide inventory and susceptibility6 13.3 Magnitude Landslides in King County, Washington, are most commonly of small magnitude, but they have the potential to become large and highly destructive, especially when triggered by significant weather events, human activities, or disturbances like major wildfires. For planning purposes, King County focuses on three types of landslides, which are particularly deadly and often occur after extreme weather events or other disruptions. Warning time Landslides are dangerous and unpredictable. Some landslides may show indications of impending or incipient movement; others may happen suddenly without any warning signs. Warning signs of a potential or impending landslide include: • Rapidly growing cracks in the ground; downslope movement of rock, soil, or vegetation. • Sudden changes in creek water levels, sometimes with increased sediment, especially during or right after large or protracted storm events • Sounds of cracking wood, knocking boulders, groaning of the ground, or other unusual sounds, especially if the sound increases 6 United States Geological Survey (USGS),“US Landslide Inventory and Inventory.” (2024): https://usgs.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=ae120962f459434b8c904b456c82669d AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 13: Landslide 13-8 • A hillside that has increased spring and (or) seep activity, or newly saturated ground, especially if it was previously dry • Formation of cracks or tilting of trees on a hillside • New or developing cracks, mounds, or bulges in the ground • Sagging or taut utility lines; leaning telephone poles, deformed fences, or bent trees • Sticking windows or doors; new and (or) growing cracks in walls, ceilings, or foundations • Broken or leaking utilities, such as water, septic, or sewer lines • Separation of structures from their foundation; movement of soil away from foundations • Changes in water well levels or water wells that suddenly run dry Susceptible areas King County's geography makes certain areas particularly susceptible to landslides. The most vulnerable areas include: • Puget Sound Shoreline: The region's stratigraphy, consisting of permeable sand and gravel deposits over less permeable silts and clays, creates ideal conditions for landslides. When sand and water accumulate on top of the clay layer, it can increase pore water pressure, destabilizing the slope and causing it to fail. • Steep Bluffs Along Incised Rivers: The steep, unstable bluffs along rivers in King County are particularly vulnerable to landslides due to erosion and the shifting of materials over time. • Eastern Cascade Foothills: In the eastern portion of the county, particularly in the Cascade Range, weakly consolidated and tectonically deformed sediments make the area highly susceptible to landslides. These areas often experience landslides after heavy rainfall or during seismic activity. • Fire Burn Scars: Areas that have been affected by wildfires are more prone to landslides due to the loss of vegetation and soil stability. Without the root systems to anchor the soil, heavy rains can quickly trigger landslides in these fire-impacted zones. • Previous Landslide Zones: Areas that have experienced landslides in the past are more likely to experience them again. Landslides often reoccur along the same paths, with new movement triggered by a variety of factors, including stormwater, changes in vegetation, or human development. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 13: Landslide 13-9 13.4 Previous Occurrences Figure 13-3 Reported landslides in King County by water year Since 2006, there have been 10 disaster declarations impacting the county, including DR-4168 for the SR 530 (Oso) landslide in Snohomish County. Landslides occur during virtually every major storm event and earthquake. Landslides are especially likely in areas where they have been recorded before. A good method of assessing likelihood of a future landslide is to know if the area has had a history of landslides. WGS has complied and mapped reports of landslides from a variety of media sources as well as city, county, and state agencies. Since 2016, there has been 98 landslides. The bulk are occurring during December, January, and February making about 80% occur during rainy winter months. The most significant landslide event in King County occurred in March 1997 in the Magnolia neighborhood of Seattle, Washington, known as the Perkins Lane Landslide. The primary trigger for the landslide was prolonged heavy rainfall in the days leading up to the incident. As the soil became saturated from the continuous rainfall, its stability was compromised, and the added weight of the water caused the deep-seated slide to reactivate. The landslide resulted in the collapse of five homes situated at the top of the slope, causing significant property damage and displacement. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 13: Landslide 13-10 Figure 13-4 King County’s Recent Landslides 2016-20237 Table 13-2 Past landslide disaster declarations in King County Date Declaration # Description 2001 DR 1361 Nisqually Earthquake triggers landslides around the state. $66.7M in Public Assistance was authorized. 2006 DR 1737 Severe storms trigger flooding and landslides. $29.5M in Public Assistance (statewide) was authorized along with $5.4M in Individual Assistance. 2007 DR 1734 Severe winter storms trigger landslides. $61.3M in Public Assistance was authorized along with $21.2M in Individual Assistance. 2009 DR 1817 Sever winter storms trigger flooding and landslide. 7 Washington Department of Natural Resources (DNR), “WSG Recent Landslides” (2024): https://wadnr.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=ef7ea514f7e54dde8cf1e8eefd2037b4 AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 13: Landslide 13-11 2011 DR 1963 Severe winter storms trigger flooding and landslides. 2012 DR 4056 Severe winter storms trigger flooding and landslides. $30.1M in Public Assistance was authorized. 2014 DR 4168 A slope along SR 530 in Snohomish County fails, bringing with it an entire neighborhood and killing 43 people. This is one of the deadliest disasters in Washington State History. There is a long history of landslides in this area and the tragedy leads the state to invest in a new landslide mapping program. 2017 DR 4309 Severe winter storms trigger flooding and landslides. $12.5M in Public Assistance was authorized. 2019 DR 4418 December 10 to December 24, 2018 - resulting from severe winter storms, straight-line winds, flooding, landslides, mudslides, and a tornado 2020 DR 4539 January 20 to February 10, 2020 - resulting from severe storms, flooding, landslides, and mudslides 2024 DR 4775 January 5 to January 29, 2024 - resulting from severe winter storms, straight-line winds, flooding, landslides, and mudslides 13.5 Probability of Future Occurrences Due to the region's topography and geological conditions, the probability of landslides in King County will continue to be moderate to high in specific areas, especially following heavy rainfall, snowmelt, or other destabilizing events. As the climate warms, the frequency of heavy rainfall events and extreme weather may increase, leading to more frequent landslides, particularly in fire- impacted and urbanized areas. 13.6 Climate Change Considerations Climate change is poised to significantly elevate the risk of landslides in King County, particularly in unincorporated areas, due to a combination of wetter winters, drier summers, and increased severe weather events. Projections indicate that more intense and frequent rainstorms will saturate soils, making them more susceptible to movement, especially along coastal bluffs and river corridors. As winter rains intensify, the saturation of soil increases the likelihood of landslides, particularly in steep, unstable slopes common in the region.8 Rising summer temperatures and drought conditions contribute to an increase in wildfires, which further destabilize the landscape. After wildfires, areas with exposed land—especially those with glacial soils—become highly vulnerable to erosion. The loss of vegetation results in denuded ground, depleting topsoil and exacerbating the risk of post-fire debris flows. 8 King County DNRP, “Mapping of Potential Landslide Hazards along the River Corridors of King County, Washington” River and Floodplain Management Section, Water and Land Resources Division, Department of Natural Resources and Parks (2016): https://your.kingcounty.gov/dnrp/library/2016/kcr2783.pdf AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 13: Landslide 13-12 Moreover, larger and more frequent storm events are expected to lead to increased flooding in Pacific Northwest rivers, which may cause significant channel migration and bank erosion. These changes can further destabilize steep slopes in river valleys, heightening the risk of landslides. While sea level rise is less of a concern in the river corridors of unincorporated King County, it can still accelerate erosion at the base of coastal bluffs, especially during high tides and storm surges, compromising the stability of these marginally stable landforms. 13.7 Impact Assessment People While the total number of people exposed to landslides is relatively small, and the risk of a rapid slope failure has tended to be low, many homeowners do not carry insurance to cover losses from landslide hazards. The total number of people exposed to the landslide hazard is unknown since landslide hazards are spatially limited and do not align with population information in Census data. Responders Most commonly, homes are isolated and ready access to communities by first responders is impeded by slide activity. Access to schools, businesses, and public services may be impeded by road blockages from slide activity. While no recent deaths or injuries have been reported in King County from land movement, the incident in Snohomish County referred to as the SR 530 Slide or the Oso Slide, 43 people were killed (2014). Continuity of Operations Most impacts to King County delivery of essential services are indirect. Roadways closed may impede the county work force from reaching work locations. Transfer stations for solid waste management and sewer lines and lift stations feeding the Metro South Plan, West Point Treatment facility or Brightwater facility may be impacted by slide activity. Only a small number of bus routes use roadways with the potential for impacts by slide activity. Slide activity has resulted in first responder access issues and diverted road and infrastructure maintenance resources. Resulting detours have also impacted the commute of essential workers to their normal work locations. Some slide activity has caused temporary access issues for solid waste transfer stations and to the Cedar Hills Landfill locations. Property, Facilities, and Infrastructure Property In total, 2.6 percent of structures in King County are identified as being within a landslide hazard area, resulting in an estimated $9.8 billion in exposed value. The City of Lake Forest Park has the highest percentage of structures exposed in a landslide hazard area at 16.4 percent. The cities of Bellevue and Seattle and unincorporated King County are estimated to each have over $1 billion of estimated exposed value within landslide hazard areas. The slopes of Magnolia, West Seattle, Burien, Des Moines, Vashon Island, Newcastle, Federal Way and many areas of Bellevue have long been developed for their magnificent views of Mount Rainier, the Cascade and Olympic Mountains, and Puget Sound. Homes with vistas of the Olympic Mountains provide sunsets that are breathe taking – and expose a risk of land movement damages to property build on poor soils. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 13: Landslide 13-13 Homes built above, on, or below bluffs or slopes. Homes built on bluffs or other slopes apply addition weight to a slope and increase the likelihood of slope failure. Homes built below bluffs have also been destroyed by slope failure. Transportation corridors, including on I-90 and Seattle-Everett BNSF rail line. Transportation routes are often cut through steep areas or travel through valleys with a history of landslides. Facilities No special impacts to health systems are expected from this hazard. Infrastructure • Power: Landslides pose some risk to transmission lines that cross unstable slopes. Otherwise, landslides are not a primary concern for this sector. • Water/Wastewater: Landslides or debris flows in and around reservoirs or waterbodies that support water systems can cause disruptions in water services and the loss of infrastructure. Water supply pipelines may cross unstable areas and be damaged by slope movement. Even if not directly impacted by earth movement, systems that pull water directly from impacted waterbodies will have to deal with increased turbidity or a loss of supply if the water is temporarily cut off by earth damming or rerouting a river. Finally, failures in water system transmission mains can actually saturate a slope and trigger landslides. • Transportation: Transportation routes can be closed for long periods by landslides and rockslides. The following are some documented incidents. In November 2008, State Road 410 was closed as the result of a debris flow east of Enumclaw. A landslide caused damage to the Green River Bridge on State Route 169 that resulted in the bridge being closed for repairs for eight months. These incidents resulted in SBA loans to impacted businesses. In May 2005, 11 homes were isolated after a small slide on Mercer Island. That September, two lanes of I-90 west of Snoqualmie Pass were closed after a rockslide. A January 15, 1997 slide at Woodward in southern Snohomish County derailed five cars of a freight train. Passenger and cargo rail traffic was interrupted for nine days. Cargo traffic resumed first. Amtrak remained concerned for passenger safety and did not travel on this section of track for several weeks. This type incident can happen almost annually and sometime more than once each year. • Communications: There is limited risk to communications systems as a whole from landslides. Given the redundancy in systems and proliferation of cell towers, which tend to be less vulnerable, landslides are not a primary concern. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 13: Landslide 13-14 Environment Landslides that fall into streams may significantly impact fish and wildlife habitat, as well as affecting water quality. Hillsides that provide wildlife habitat can be lost for prolonged periods of time due to landslides. However, landslides also provide integral resources for many ecosystems. They contribute needed gravel and sediment or wood for building complex in-stream habitats, estuarine marshes, and beaches that are important for fisheries, wildlife and recreation. The Cedar River was partially dammed by slide debris from the Nisqually Earthquake in 2001. Similarly, in March of 2004, a landslide near Renton partially dammed the Cedar River again. All major rivers in King County support salmon and/or steelhead spawning populations. Vegetation removal Vegetation removal due to logging, land development, view clearing, or wildfire reduces the root strength that often anchors and reinforces shallow soils. Shallow landslides often increases following vegetation removal and if debris from such a slide enters a hillside swale it may transition into a debris flow that can have devastating impacts far below and distant from the initial failure. Coseismal landsliding This Risk Profile addresses primarily landsliding for which our region has significant collective experience. This includes of landslides triggered by weather events and human disturbance. Geologic evidence is clear that this region is subject to earthquakes from several sources larger than those that have been well documented in the historical record. Widespread landsliding is likely to be a secondary but significant and potentially catastrophic consequence of a future occurrence of such a large earthquake. Economic There have been direct and indirect impacts to the greater King County community from landslide activity. Residential housing in the greater Puget Sound area that have been built to enjoy the spectacular mountain of the Olympics and Cascade ranges and water views of Lake Washington, Lake Sammamish, and Puget Sound are vulnerable to land movement. Loss of transportation can also have economic impacts. In November 2008, State Road 410 was closed as the result of a debris flow east of Enumclaw. A landslide caused damage to the Green River Bridge on State Route 169 that resulted in the bridge being closed for repairs for eight months. These incidents resulted in SBA loans to impacted businesses. The SR 530 Oso landslide caused a complete reroute of the main highway between Everett and Darrington, devastating the local economy and forcing residents to commute several hours longer to work each day. Public Confidence in Governance The 2014 SR 530 Oso landslide demonstrated some of the major weaknesses in emergency management capabilities. It also demonstrated a lack of regulation and foresight on the part of government in the permitting of development in the area, which was a known slide area. Local critical areas ordinances do require mitigation for construction in slide hazard areas, but in the Oso slide, AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 13: Landslide 13-15 this proved to be inadequate. A failure by developers, the government, and residents to properly account for slide risk and protect people from it led to multiple lawsuits and a general lowering of public confidence in government’s ability to properly regulate land development. 13.8 Vulnerability Assessment Vulnerable Populations People who live or travel through landslide-prone areas are at significant risk, especially those who engage in outdoor recreation. The vulnerability of recreational areas depends on the history of the trail, its maintenance, and recent weather events that could trigger instability. In King County, low-income communities, such as those near Renton along the Maple Valley Highway, are particularly at risk from larger landslides. These areas, which may lack the resources to properly mitigate landslide threats, could face substantial damage. Property Properties located on or below bluffs or steep slopes are particularly vulnerable to landslides. Homes built on these elevated areas contribute additional weight to the slope, which can destabilize the soil and increase the likelihood of slope failure. The added pressure from the structure, combined with factors such as heavy rainfall or seismic activity, can trigger a landslide that may lead to significant damage. Properties built below bluffs are also at risk, as the downward movement of the slope can result in devastating consequences, including the destruction of homes and infrastructure. Environment Landslides create lasting damage to both terrestrial and aquatic habitats. The loss of vegetation and the influx of debris into streams can disrupt ecosystems, displacing wildlife and degrading water quality. The recovery process is slow, often taking years for vegetation to return and stream habitats to stabilize. In the meantime, affected species face significant challenges, and the overall health of the ecosystem may be compromised for an extended period. Operations Roads, bridges, and transit systems are highly susceptible to landslides. Major transportation routes, including I90, and Seattle-Everett BNSF rail line go through steep valleys with historic landslides can be blocked or damaged during a landslide, disrupting the daily flow of traffic and emergency services. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) Risk Assessment Scoring 4 Location Ha z a r d 4 Probability 3 Magnitude 3 Public Im p a c t 3 Responders 3 COP 3 PFI 3 Environment 2 Economy 2 PCG 3 People Vu l n e r a b i l i t y 3 Property 2 Environment 2 Operations 3 People Ri s k 3 Property 3 Environment 3 Operations Very High Overall Risk PC: Hailey Hoffman Chapter 14Severe Weather AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 14: Severe Weather 14-2 Chapter 14: Severe Weather 14.1 Hazard Description King County experiences a large variation of severe weather events that has the potential to impact the entire region. Severe weather can include extreme heat events, winter storms, heavy rainfall, and strong winds. These weather events are categorized as follows: • Extreme heat, including heatwaves, are periods of high heat and humidity with temperatures above 90 degrees Fahrenheit for at least two to three days. • Drought is defined by Washington state statute as below 75% of normal water supply for a given area. • Extreme cold, also classified as a winter storm, is a storm having significant snowfall, ice, and/or freezing rain; the quantity of precipitation varies by elevation. • Heavy precipitation refers to instances during which the amount of rain or snow experienced in a location substantially exceeds what is normal. • High wind is a storm sustaining wind speeds greater than 39 miles per hour. Southwesterly winds are associated with strong storms moving onto the coast from the Pacific Ocean. Southern winds parallel to the coastal mountains are the strongest and most destructive winds. • Tornados are violently rotating columns of air touching the ground, usually attached to the base of a thunderstorm. Wind speeds start at 65 miles per hour and can reach 300 miles per hour. It is not unusual to have funnel clouds spotted during the winter season. Severe weather events can lead to secondary hazards and cascading impacts. For instance, heavy precipitation can cause flooding and landslides, resulting in road closures and property damage. In rural or suburban areas, high winds can knock down trees and powerlines, leading to extended power outages and road blockages. In urban areas, extreme heat or cold may disproportionately affect the unsheltered population and families with limited resources, particularly those without access to heating or cooling systems. As the climate continues to change, many but not all of these events are expected to become more frequent, intense, and prolonged, increasing the risk of widespread impacts across the county. 14.2 Location King County's geographic location, bordered by Puget Sound and the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Cascade Range to the east, plays a key role in shaping its climate. The region is heavily AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 14: Severe Weather 14-3 influenced by maritime atmospheric conditions, with the mountains acting as natural barriers that trap-in in moisture. As moist air is forced upward by the Cascades, it cools and condenses, leading to heavy precipitation on the windward side of the mountains. In addition to its natural climate influences, the region is home to numerous urban centers and transportation networks that feature impermeable surfaces, which contribute to the urban heat island effect. Extreme Heat Figure 14-1 King County Heat Island Map 1 Hotter summer temperatures affect everyone in King County. However, the impacts of that heat are not felt equally. Figure 14-1 shows the county’s surface temperatures with red and orange indicating hot areas and blue indicating cool. These elevated surface temperatures are a result of the "urban heat island" effect, where there is a concentration of pavement and heat retaining material that result in higher surface temperatures compared to their surrounding areas. Drought Washington State approaches drought emergencies from the perspective of water supply, which can affect the entire county. This includes residents and businesses who depend on local water resources and well as farmers and landowners who use water resources for irrigation. A key factor contributing to drought in this region is reduced snowpack in the Cascades. The snowpack acts as a critical source of runoff that feeds our watersheds and replenishes reservoirs. While there is a slight projected increase in winter precipitation, the main driver of declining snowpack is that more of this precipitation is falling as rain rather than snow due 1 King County Executive Climate Office (ECO), “King County Extreme Heat Mitigation Strategy” (July 2024): p. 6, https://cdn.kingcounty.gov/-/media/king-county/depts/executive/climate-office/documents/c2- 240802_13570m_kc-extreme-heat- strategy_prnt.pdf?rev=2cceaee431a14df29323d98bd817cfe5&hash=2C0B0D0227F7100C58DF612DB2351820 AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 14: Severe Weather 14-4 to rising temperatures. This shift, combined with hotter, drier summers, reduces the amount of snowmelt available in spring and summer, ultimately exacerbating drought risk. Winter Weather King County’s marine climate, that maintains relatively mild temperatures, results in very few extreme cold weather events. Snow accumulation at elevations below 2,000 feet is considered rare, and when snowstorms do occur, they usually last less than two days. However, since 1990, King County has experienced an increasing frequency of prolonged cold spells. These events, which generally last 10 to 14 consecutive days, typically occur in January or February each winter. The heavy snowfalls and accompanying cold conditions often lead to power outages, disruptions to transportation systems, school closures, and significant economic impacts on the region. Heavy Precipitation Though known for being wet, the Seattle metro area has around the same average annual precipitation as Dallas, Texas, and much less than New York City, Houston, Atlanta, or New Orleans. Higher amounts of rainfall occur as you move closer to the Cascades. King County owes its mild climate to the influence of Puget Sound and the Pacific Ocean, which moderate the climate, and to the protective barrier of the Cascade Mountain range, which blocks cold air from the interior. Figure 14-2 King County Precipitation Map AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 14: Severe Weather 14-5 Rainfall in King County varies widely from city to city and area to area. The City of Seattle has an average of 37 inches annually, while Enumclaw has an annual average of 57.9 inches and Snoqualmie/North Bend has 61+ inches of precipitation. The majority of this precipitation occurs as rain in the lowlands between October and early May with substantial snowpack in the Cascades during the same time frames. Precipitation on Snoqualmie Pass in the unincorporated community of Hyak (2800 feet) average 410 inches of snowfall from October to May. High Wind and Tornados High wind events are common in King County, especially during winter, with gusts frequently reaching 40-45 mph and severe winds surpassing 90 mph. Certain areas of the county are more prone to these events due to their geography and location relative to wind patterns. The north Puget Sound region, particularly areas along the Strait of Juan de Fuca, regularly experiences high winds during the winter. In certain conditions, the Strait acts as a wind funnel, accelerating winds as they move eastward toward the interior of the region. Areas closer to the water, such as Edmonds, Mukilteo, and Everett, are often more affected by these powerful gusts. The build-up of high pressure east of the Cascades can trigger strong windstorms that surge through lower passes in the Cascades, including Stampede Pass. These winds often impact communities located to the east of the mountains, such as Enumclaw, which routinely experiences strong winds due to its proximity to these wind corridors. The Enumclaw area, with its elevated position on the foothills of the Cascades, is especially susceptible to wind gusts that can reach up to 70-80 mph. Other parts of King County, such as the higher-elevation areas in Snoqualmie Pass and parts of the foothills surrounding the Cascades, can also experience gusty winds, particularly when a low- pressure system interacts with the mountainous terrain. During these systems, southerly winds are often funneled between the Olympic and Cascade Mountains, creating a wind tunnel effect that can intensify gusts in the lowlands. Additionally, south of Seattle, areas like Federal Way and Fife can experience localized wind events as gusts push through the lower valleys. 14.3 Magnitude Severe weather events in King County have the potential to cause significant disruptions, posing both immediate and long-term risks to infrastructure, the economy, and public safety. High winds, which can exceed 100 mph during certain storms, are a frequent cause of power outages, road closures, and structural damage. The region also experiences intense heat, with temperatures occasionally surpassing 110°F, and extreme cold, with lows dipping below -40°F, although these cold extremes are rarer. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 14: Severe Weather 14-6 Extreme Heat Extreme heat is the number one cause of weather-related fatalities nationally. Current annual losses in Washington State due to heat-related illness and heat-associated traumatic injury, death, and productivity losses are calculated to be between $111 to $153 million annually. By 2030, heat- related losses in labor productivity alone are projected to reach around $100 billion annually nationally. A major factor that contributes to heat-related impacts is the fact that many residents lack efficient cooling systems in their homes or businesses. A 2015 American Housing Survey data shows that only 33.7% of Seattle area homes have air conditioning. For those aged 65 and older, the percentage only jumps slightly, to 37%.2 Drought Figure 14-3 shows the model median for projected percent change in April 1st snowpack over a 30- year period compared to the 1980-2009 average. April 1st snowpack is an important indicator of water stored in snow that will be available during the melt season. The brown areas on the map indicate where snowpack is expected to decrease, with the most significant decline projected for lower elevations in the Cascade Mountains. Figure 14-3 Projected snowpack decline in King County 3 2 Seattle Office of Emergency Management (OEM), “Excessive Heat Events” City of Seattle CEMP – SHIVA (n.d.): p 9-6, https://www.seattle.gov/documents/Departments/Emergency/PlansOEM/SHIVA/SHIVAv7.0-Heat.pdf 3 UW Climate Impacts Group (CIG), “Climate Mapping for a Resilient Washington” University of Washington (n.d.): https://data.cig.uw.edu/climatemapping/ AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 14: Severe Weather 14-7 In the event of drought, the combined effect of reduced snowpack and warmer temperatures can lead to severe water shortages, impacting agriculture, communities, and wildlife, including fish and salmon. King County’s dependence on hydroelectric dams further complicates this issue, as drought could affect the availability and cost of electricity, potentially leading to planned power outages (brownouts) during severe conditions. These changes can have serious consequences, including higher mortality rates for salmon and steelhead due to elevated water temperatures and low river flows, negative impacts on local crops and livestock, and increased health risks, such as heat stress- related emergency room visits. As drought becomes more common in the Northwest, driven by variable rainfall patterns and rising temperatures, the risk of wildfires also increases, further exacerbating the challenges for King County. Winter Weather King County is also vulnerable to extreme winter conditions, with heavy snowfalls and ice storms disrupting transportation, power, and emergency services. While the region typically receives moderate snow, events like the 2008 winter storm can paralyze the area for extended periods, particularly in hilly communities such as Skyway, where limited resources exacerbate the effects of severe weather. Given the rarity of extreme snow events, King County maintains a relatively low budget for snow removal services. When major incidents do occur, vehicles and drivers can be stranded almost anywhere in the county. Transportation impacts to buses, trains, roads, bridges include snow routes, shelter needs, and power outages. The December 26, 1996 storm lasted 11 days. Multiple consecutive freezing days can threaten the lives of unsheltered and lower-income individuals, requiring the opening of additional shelter beds or more heating assistance funding. Heavy Precipitation Intense precipitation is the primary cause of both river and urban flooding in King County. Areas such as Snoqualmie, Auburn, and White River are particularly vulnerable to frequent flooding following rain events. The larger, more destructive floods are often driven by atmospheric rivers— narrow bands of concentrated water vapor in the atmosphere that can bring significant rainfall and snow. The Pineapple Express, a type of atmospheric river, is a common source of severe weather, where moisture picked up from warm areas of the Pacific Ocean near Hawaii is carried by the jet stream and releases as intense precipitation when it rises over the Olympic and Cascade Mountains. These atmospheric river events are major contributors to river flooding in King County. Heavy rainstorms also lead to urban flooding, stressing the stormwater infrastructure and affecting ground-floor structures and basements. This can cause widespread damage and pose a risk to public safety, particularly in areas ill-equipped to manage such intense rainfall. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 14: Severe Weather 14-8 High Wind High wind events are common in King County, especially during winter, with gusts often reaching 40-45 mph and severe winds surpassing 90 mph. From the north Puget Sound region during the winter season, the Strait of Juan de Fuca can also act as a wind funnel in the right conditions. High pressure build-up in east of the Cascades can also cause strong windstorms that surge through areas like Stampede Pass and the area immediately below it, Enumclaw. These intense wind events often lead to widespread power outages, road and bridge closures, tree damage, airport disruptions, and risks such as carbon monoxide poisoning and injuries to utility workers, first responders, and the public. Notable examples of such events include the Inaugural Day Windstorm on January 19, 1993, which saw winds exceed 90 mph in downtown Seattle, and the Hanukkah Eve Windstorm on December 15, 2006, which caused significant damage to the Seattle area power grid, leaving hundreds of thousands without power for weeks. A particularly severe event occurred on November 19, 2024, when Washington’s Puget Sound region was struck by an unprecedented severe windstorm, colloquially referred to as a "Bomb Cyclone.” This event was the result of rapidly intensified storm that experienced a dramatic drop in atmospheric pressure by 64 millibars in just 24 hours. This storm generated powerful east to southeast winds, with wind gusts in the Seattle Metropolitan Area reaching 50–60 mph, while mountain areas saw gusts surpassing 70 mph. This intense storm caused widespread destruction across King County, uprooting trees, downing powerlines, and leaving approximately 520,000 customers without power. King County was the most severely affected jurisdiction, with preliminary damage assessments estimating total losses at $17 million. The storm also prompted a tornado warning and led to the sighting of a waterspout along the southwest coast of Washington. Tornado activity is relatively rare in the Pacific Northwest, but it has been recorded in the region, including an EF1 tornado in Enumclaw in September 2009. Despite wind speeds reaching up to 110 mph, the most significant damage was caused by uprooted trees and roof damage, largely due to November 20, 2024 bomb cyclone aftermath AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 14: Severe Weather 14-9 the preceding storm. Tornadoes are uncommon in the Puget Lowlands, though several have been recorded. The Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale, which rates tornadoes from EF0 to EF5 based on wind speed and damage, has noted tornadoes as strong as EF3 in the Puget Sound area. 14.4 Previous Occurrences The majority of disaster declarations in King County are from severe weather events. Disasters are usually declared for a combination of winter storms, mudslides, heavy rains, and straight-line winds. The primary impacts and costs triggering these declarations include emergency protective measures for, and damage to, utilities, roads, and bridges, and for costs associated with debris removal. A recent example is the June 2021 Pacific Northwest Heat Dome, an event made 150 times more likely because of climate change. The 2021 Heat Dome currently stands as the single most deadly climate disaster event in Washington State with more than 125 reported heat related deaths statewide, including 34 deaths in King County. Table 14-1 Major Weather Disaster Declarations including King County Date Hazard Description November 2006 Rain Storm This event saw unusually intense rainfall in a short period, leading to rapid runoff and increased flooding risks across King County. The heavy rains overwhelmed the region’s stormwater systems, causing localized flooding in urban areas and exacerbating existing river flood conditions. December 2006 Windstorm Hannukah Eve - Unusually intense levels of rainfall in a very short period of time were immediately followed by very heavy winds up to 69 miles per hour that felled power poles and large, mature, healthy trees. The storm overwhelmed Seattle City Light when 49% of its customers lost power. 95% of customers were restored within two days, but full restoration took a week July 2009 Excessive Heat On July 29, 2009, the temperature reached 103˚at SeaTac airport, an all-time record. Two people in Western Washington died. The most brutal temperatures lasted three days.4 August 2015 Windstorm The strongest August windstorm on record hit Western Washington, with winds of 50-60 mph (46 mph at 4 Seattle Office of Emergency Management (OEM), “Excessive Heat Events” City of Seattle CEMP – SHIVA (n.d.): p 9- 4, https://www.seattle.gov/documents/Departments/Emergency/PlansOEM/SHIVA/SHIVAv7.0-Heat.pdf AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 14: Severe Weather 14-10 SeaTac). Almost half a million people lost power, two people died from falling trees, two people died from carbon monoxide poisoning, and four people were injured. August 2015 Excessive Heat Seattle’s hottest summer on record. The average high temperature was 80.2 degrees Fahrenheit. July had 10 days with high temperatures in the 90s. January 2019 Winter Storm The hefty snowfall (a daily record) bumped the city’s monthly snowfall total to 20.2 inches, making February 2019 Seattle’s snowiest month in a half-century. June 2021 Excessive Heat Between June 26 and July 2, 2021, an extreme heat event caused by a “heat dome” descended upon the Pacific Northwest, setting 128 all-time high temperature records across Washington state and killing 126 Washingtonians due to heat-related causes according to official estimates.5 This includes 34 deaths in King County.6 December 2023 Rain Storm An atmospheric river event brought intense rainfall to King County, significantly impacting local rivers, streams, and urban drainage systems. This atmospheric river caused widespread flooding and river overflow, leading to property damage, transportation disruptions, and power outages. November 2024 Windstorm A bomb cyclone struck King County in November 2024, causing widespread damage. This intense storm system rapidly intensified, resulting in high winds, heavy rainfall, and flooding. It caused power outages for over 520,000 customers and left an estimated $17 million in damages. According to the US Drought Monitor, King County has experienced an increasing frequency of moderate to extreme drought conditions over the past two decades. These conditions have become 5 UW Climate Impact Group (CIG), “In the Hot Seat: Saving Lives from Extreme Heat in Washington State” University of Washington (2023): p. 1, https://cig.uw.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/06/CIG-Report-Heat- 202-pages.pdf 6 King County Executive Climate Office (ECO), “King County Extreme Heat Mitigation Strategy” (July 2024): p. 5, https://cdn.kingcounty.gov/-/media/king-county/depts/executive/climate-office/documents/c2- 240802_13570m_kc-extreme-heat- strategy_prnt.pdf?rev=2cceaee431a14df29323d98bd817cfe5&hash=2C0B0D0227F7100C58DF612DB2351820 AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 14: Severe Weather 14-11 more pronounced in recent years, with significant spikes in extreme drought levels observed in 2015, 2019, and 2023. These periods of drought have been driven by a combination of low snowpack, reduced rainfall, and higher-than-average temperatures, which have led to decreased water availability in streams, rivers, and reservoirs. Figure 14-4 Historic drought conditions for King County7 14.5 Probability of Future Occurrences King County is projected to experience significant changes in weather patterns due to climate change, particularly with regard to extreme heat and precipitation. All climate scenarios predict hotter summers in the region. By the 2080s, the average maximum summer temperature is expected to increase by 10.5°F (with a range of 7.4°F to 13.0°F). The number of days above 90°F will also rise substantially, with projections indicating a median of 41 days per summer by the 2080s. Additionally, nighttime temperatures are expected to increase, which is concerning from a public health perspective. Nights with a humidex above 65°F are projected to occur 45 more nights (with a range of 18-71 days), which can exacerbate heat-related health risks. 7 NIDIS, NOAA, “Drought Conditions for King County” The U.S. Drought Monitor (2024): https://www.drought.gov/states/washington/county/King AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 14: Severe Weather 14-12 Figure 14-5 Projected change in frequency of extreme heat events in King County 8 In addition to extreme heat, King County is likely to experience a decrease in summer precipitation, intensifying drought conditions. While projections for rainfall are more uncertain due to the natural variability of weather patterns in the Northwest, the projections points to wetter winters and drier summers in the future. This shift in seasonal precipitation could increase the risk of landslides, as more rain in the winter may lead to greater soil saturation. Furthermore, heavy precipitation events are expected to become more intense, with a projected 14% increase in intensity by the 2050s and up to 30% by the 2080s. This is driven by warmer air, which can hold more moisture, resulting in the potential for more intense rainfall events. These changes in temperature and precipitation highlight the need for adaptive strategies to address the increased risks of extreme weather events in the coming decades. 14.6 Climate Change Considerations Climate change is a significant concern for King County, as it is expected to alter the frequency, intensity, and severity of extreme weather events in the region. These changes are projected to result in hotter, drier summers and an increase in heavy rainfall events, which could lead to a range of hazardous consequences, including floods, landslides, avalanches, droughts, and wildfires. The economic impacts of these events could be severe, as communities are often unprepared for such extreme weather. In addition to the economic consequences, extreme weather events also pose a threat to public health. For example, if global temperatures rise by 5.4 degrees Fahrenheit over pre-industrial levels, some climate scenarios suggest that extreme heat events could result in hundreds of deaths in the 8 UW Climate Impacts Group (CIG), “Climate Mapping for a Resilient Washington” University of Washington (n.d.): https://data.cig.uw.edu/climatemapping/ AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 14: Severe Weather 14-13 Seattle area alone.9 Public health sensitivity to heat events is especially high in the Puget Sound region due to the lack of widespread air conditioning. In response, Public Health Seattle-King County has plans to activate cooling centers and issue public messaging during multiple days of heat in the mid-80s. While global trends show a decrease in the number of cold events since 1950, some areas in the Northern Hemisphere, including parts of the U.S., have experienced an increase in extreme cold since 1990, potentially linked to changes in the polar vortex. 14.7 Impact Assessment Below offers an overview on the impacts from severe weather events. Additional details on impacts for each type of severe weather event are provided under 14.3 Magnitude. Public Anyone present in King County at the time of a weather incident is subject to the potential impacts of severe weather incidents. While the likelihood of a winter weather incident is high, the likely of direct and significant impacts is Moderate. Impacts to residents may include personal property damages, interruption of sports and recreation, extension of the daily business commute, impacts to daycare and school closures, injuries, and sheltering needs from power outages. Avalanche control may be needed to reduce the impact to alpine and cross-country skiing enterprises. Injuries and deaths do occur from avalanche impacts to recreational skiers. Impacts from drought take time to materialize as water shortage cause restrictions to water usage and issue of burn bans to reduce the threat of wildfires, especially in suburban areas. Only the most severe weather incidents have an impact on local employment. Responders Portions of the population may be stranded or isolated from the results of severe weather, like roads blocked by trees and power lines, snow- and ice-covered roads, water or slides over roadways. Closure of the mountain passes for heavy snow conditions or avalanche control is a fairly common occurrence. 9 Evan Bush, “Seattle unprepared for deadly heat waves made worse by global warming, researchers say” The Seattle Times. (June 14, 2019): https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/environment/heat-waves-could-kill- hundreds-more-in-seattle-as-globe-warms-researchers-say/. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 14: Severe Weather 14-14 Excessive heat that extends over days or weeks or cold conditions for similar timeframes may result in the need for cooling or warming shelters. These especially impact the poor, elderly, young, and infirmed. First responders will be impacted by limited road access, impacts of heat and cold on operations. Conditions will require monitoring efforts during incident response. Continuity of Operations During the February 2019 snowstorm, King County took the unprecedented step of closing many government offices to protect employee safety. After two days, due to the growing amount of snow and the need to resume services, offices were reopened. Even with the reopening, many employees chose to telework due to safety concerns. An earlier activation of the EOC for the 1996 snow/ice storm saw activations for 11 days – 2 shifts per day when 16 inches of snow came and stayed for weeks. During that time frame, buses were on snow routes, up to 40% of the employees for King County government were either unable to get to work or arrived very late. A major improvement from 1996 to 2019 is that it is now much easier to telework, meaning that non-public-facing positions can work remotely for days. Hospitals, courts, detention facilities, businesses, law enforcement, fire and emergency medical services were all severely impacted. Search and Rescue volunteers transported medical personnel, emergency management staff, and other essential employees to work and between hospitals for the duration of the incident. During the February 2019 snowstorm, busses were on the most restrictive service routes ever seen. These routes were established in response to previous snow events. Similar impacts were observed for the January 2011 snow storm that impaired King County government operations for 8 days. Some damages were experienced at crucial facilities around the county. See FEMA Disasters 1079 and 1817 above. The recent February 2019 snowstorm did not receive a disaster declaration. During that time frame, most regional public services were impacted by absenteeism, access restrictions to critical facilities, and damage to vehicles like buses, police cruisers, and aid units. Busses and other vehicles that use tire chains are especially vulnerable to breaking down, which can delay a return to full service, even once the snow has melted. Property, Facilities, and Infrastructure Property All structures in the county are subject to the direct impacts of severe weather incidents. These same structures are subject to flood impacts AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 14: Severe Weather 14-15 where they may be in the flood plain. Structures along the coastline (seawalls) may be eroded. Local urban flooding also occurs from storm debris clogged sewers. High winds that accompany winter weather fronts often cause infrastructure damages, power outages, and communications interruptions. Rain saturated soils may cause mudslides that close roadways, damage bridges, and buried rail service interruptions Private property damages to homes and vehicles from floods, trees downed from wind and saturated soils are regular occurrences. Private property experiencing repeated flood damages may require elevation of the structure or offers of buy outs (mitigation efforts). High winds, snow, and icy conditions can close airports or cause flight delays and rerouting. Mountain pass conditions may be so severe that they are closed to all traffic for days at a time. The floating bridges over Lake Washington (I-90 and SR 520) experience closures for sustained winds over 45 miles per hour. These closures extend the business commute with increased traffic on surface streets and routes around Lake Washington. Impacts to emergency medical services from impacts to the roadways of the county can delay response times, restrict emergency room staff and supplies, and result in under staffing EMS and hospitals during severe weather emergencies. Facilities Severe weather disrupts the regular schedule of patient visits and regularly-scheduled appointments for chronic care. Severe weather also can cause more demand on the health system as people are injured or are unable to leave the hospital to return home. Any disruptions to electricity and water supply also can be a threat, though hospitals generally maintain backup generators. During severe cold or warm spells, public health may be required to provide additional patient transport services and to canvass for homeless populations that may be in need of shelter. During the February 2019 snowstorm, hospitals suffered major staffing shortages as doctors and nurses were unable to get to work. Staff had to work longer than normal hours and potentially stay temporarily at or near the hospital. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 14: Severe Weather 14-16 Although both requiring the expansion of sheltering services, heat and cold differ because older and less health populations are especially at risk to hot temperatures. One of the most famous examples is the 1995 Chicago heat wave, during with 739 people lost their lives, with the city unprepared to provide support to residents who may be home bound or offer sufficient cooling centers to support residents. In Seattle, where few residents have air conditioners, deaths from heat events are a growing threat. Infrastructure • Power: Downed trees caused by high winds and rain saturated soils can damage transmission lines and cause power outages in local areas for hours to days when multiple occurrences are experienced. Utility crews from Puget Sound Energy, Bonneville Power and Seattle City Light work around the clock to restore services. The Inaugural Day Windstorm left 750,000 customers without power. The Hanukkah Eve Windstorm winds and subsequent heavy rains cut electricity to more than 1.8 million customers, hundreds of thousand remained without power for days. Downed power lines pose an electrocution hazard to motorists, pedestrians and any unsuspecting by-standers. During extremely hot temperatures, demands on the power system can increase, especially as more residents install air conditioning. As a winter-peaking system, however, this power demand will still likely be lower than current winter demand. • Water/Wastewater: Water and wastewater systems are vulnerable to a multi-day loss of power as well as to serious flooding. In February 2017, as a result of heavy rains, high tides, and other severe weather, an equipment failure at King County’s West Point Wastewater Treatment Plan led to the dumping of over 235 million gallons of untreated wastewater into Puget Sound. Drought can also impact water systems as water levels in reservoirs and groundwater wells drop. • Transportation: Events that impact transportation can include severe snow, ice, wind, and rain. Storms may cause downed trees and snow or ice that temporarily blocks roadways or can cause large floods that can wash out or undermine roads and bridges. For many parts of the state and county, such as around the town of Skykomish, the loss of a single route due flooding can completely cut the community off from the rest of the county. This is especially a problem in the eastern parts of the AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 14: Severe Weather 14-17 county that are more rural and have fewer transportation route options. • Communications: Systems can be knocked out by high winds or loss of power transmission. While the move to cell phones has reduced the vulnerability of telephone lines to outage caused by trees, a multi-day loss of power can still shut down a cell transmission site. Furthermore, high winds can damage or destroy critical equipment on cell towers. Most equipment is built to withstand inclement weather; however, especially severe conditions could still lead to outages. Environment Severe weather can have impacts to the environment through flooding and floodplain damages to salmon and steelhead habitat, wetland impacts to amphibians and reptiles, and bird sanctuaries. This can occur from both too much water (flooding or dam failure) or too little snowpack and resulting drought conditions. Hillside destabilization can occur where soil geology and saturation of soils occur. The moisture content of vegetation drops throughout the summer. Dry conditions can result in an increase in the threat of wildfires from lightning strikes, unattended campfires, fireworks, sparks from automobiles, cigarettes thrown from cars on roadways and other heat sources. One dilemma of drought conditions is the balance between human water needs and the protection of the environment including plants, wildlife, and fish that require minimum stream flows to support their annual spawning migrations. Dry conditions also contribute to higher water temperatures, which causes increased salmon mortality. Economy There are several local ski areas important to King County: Crystal Mountain (Chinook Pass); Alpental, Hyak, and Ski Acres (Snoqualmie Pass); and Steven’s Pass (Steven’s Pass). Ski area closures can occur from both large snowfalls and where snow is too light or melts off. This can impact seasonal employment at the ski areas. Also associated with the passes, as outlined in the avalanche chapter, a WSDOT study claimed that a four-day closure at Snoqualmie Pass in the winter of 2007/2008 cost the state $27.9M in economic output, 170 jobs, and $1.42M in state revenue (2008 dollars). Businesses can be severely impacted when weather events impede mobility during high seasons, such as around the holidays. Since a large percentage of annual personal spending is spent during the November- AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 14: Severe Weather 14-18 December season, negative weather limits access to stores and can cause stores to close. Drought conditions can impact the regional agricultural output of fruits, vegetables, and flowers grown in all the major river basin areas of King County. Regional drought conditions can impact generation of hydroelectric power and drive up electric rates as well as increase usage during hot summers. The most serious and longest-lasting impacts may be to low-income individuals and families who may lose jobs or days of wages due to snow closures. Debt traps caused by missed bills due to lost wages can damage a family for months or years. Public Confidence in Governance The 2008 and 2011 snowstorms highlighted the shortage of snowplows and the management of the general response to the snow incident in the City of Seattle. The February 2019 event can be regarded by many as much more successful on the public perception front. Successful coordination of a regional call center in the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) to support other county departments and take snow plowing requests helped ensure the public always had someone to call. The county also maintained substantial engagement with media outlets. The County Executive was fully involved as well, helping to boost awareness and public perception that county government was engaged in the storm recovery effort. 14.8 Vulnerability Assessment Below offers an overview on vulnerability from severe weather events. Additional details on vulnerability for each type of severe weather event is provided under 14.3 Magnitude. Vulnerable Populations Severe weather events, while usually concentrating impacts on infrastructure and agriculture, can seriously threaten the lives of vulnerable people. Cold and hot weather events can lead to an increase in fatalities among the elderly and homeless populations. Immigrant and low-income populations also have been known to succumb by carbon monoxide poisoning that can occur when generators or grills are lit indoors and without proper ventilation. Snow can trap people AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 14: Severe Weather 14-19 indoors for days, something especially threatening for people with food insecurity or chronic health conditions that require access to medical services. Any disruption to the economy is also especially threatening to those who are low-income or who work in hourly work or in the service sector. When those jobs are not open, they frequently do not pay wages, which can threaten the entire livelihood of a low-income family. Unsheltered populations Populations needing shelter are especially exposed during heat and cold events. Since King County has a moderate climate, many of these populations are unprepared. Cold events may require opening additional shelter spaces and canvassing areas to offer shelter services. Immigrant populations and those with limited English proficiency Populations with limited English proficiency or who are inexperienced with Northwestern climate are more likely to take risky actions, like operating a generator or grill indoors for heat. These populations are also less likely to receive information and warnings about weather systems and to know where to go for help. Low-income and minimum-wage populations Populations working in low-wage professions such as extractive industries and service industries can be severely impacted from multi- day weather events that impact transportation systems. These events can trigger a long-term decline in living standards or even homelessness in these populations. People dependent on public transportation Public transit moved to the most restrictive routes ever recorded during the February 2019 snowstorm. These cutbacks had apparent disproportionate impacts on underserved areas, including some areas with populations dependent on transit. When transit services are cut, it can be impossible for these populations to get to work or appointments. People with chronic medical conditions People requiring regular care from doctors are negatively impacted by severe weather events. During heatwaves, people with chronic AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 14: Severe Weather 14-20 illnesses, especially heart and respiratory conditions, are also disproportionately impacted. Residents down private roads Private roads are not eligible to be cleared by public snow removal services. Many homeowner’s associations contract with the same set of snow removal companies. These companies may become overwhelmed during long-running events. Service industry during peak periods Many service businesses, especially retail, are heavily dependent on income earned during certain months of the year. A major event around the Christmas holidays, for example, can threaten the viability of many businesses. All residents during multi-day events Although it is recommend having two weeks of food and supplies available during these severe weather events, few residents follow this guidance, regardless of income. After more than a few days, many residents will run out of food for themselves and any pets. Property Buildings on slopes of greater than 40% grade Landslides are a major secondary hazard of severe precipitation events. Buildings on or near slopes of greater than 40% grade are most at-risk. Environment Severe weather events can have significant impacts on ecosystems, disrupting habitats and threatening biodiversity in various ways. For example, strong winds can lead to tree falls, habitat destruction, and loss of vegetation, while heavy precipitation can cause soil erosion and degradation, disrupting both wildlife and aquatic habitats. This damage to soil and vegetation can also increase the risk of landslides, further destabilizing the environment. During extreme heat events, prolonged heat stress can reduce plant productivity, heighten susceptibility to diseases, and lead to higher mortality rates for trees and other vegetation. Drought conditions further exacerbate these issues by reducing stream and river flows, which negatively impacts aquatic species, particularly those that rely on specific water flow and temperature conditions, like salmon. As vegetation dies off or becomes desiccated, ecosystems become more vulnerable to wildfires, compounding the environmental disruption. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 14: Severe Weather 14-21 Operations Power Power transmission systems, especially power lines, are frequently damaged during storms with high winds by falling trees. During major wind events, it is not uncommon to have hundreds of thousands of residents without power. Water/Wastewater Damage to water and wastewater facilities can occur due to a secondary hazard, flooding and tidal surge. These facilities are often built in low-lying areas. The severe damage and release of untreated water that occurred at King County’s West Point Treatment Plan occurred during a severe weather event. Waste Management Garbage pickup can be delayed for weeks. This causes significant public frustration. Transportation Rural transportation routes are lower priority and may not even be cleared at all during a snow event. Airports and Travelers Airport facilities are frequently impacted by severe weather events, but often have plans and procedures to contain disruption. During multi- day events, however, passengers can be stranded and there can be a shortage of hotel rooms since many airlines contract with the same hotels. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) Risk Assessment Scoring 1 Location Ha z a r d 2 Probability 3 Magnitude 2 Public Im p a c t 2 Responders 2 COP 2 PFI 2 Economy 2 Environment 2 PCG 2 People Vu l n e r a b i l i t y 2 Property 2 Environment 2 Operations 2 People Ri s k 2 Property 2 Environment 2 Operations Moderate Overall Risk PC: King County Sheriff’s Office Chapter 15Terrorism AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 15: Terrorism 15-2 Chapter 15: Terrorism 15.1 Hazard Description Terrorism, as defined under Title 18 of the United States Code, is categorized into two primary types: international terrorism and domestic terrorism. Both forms involve acts of violence or danger to human life that violate U.S. criminal laws but differ in their geographic focus and intent. International terrorism: means activities that—violent acts or acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of any State, or that would be a criminal violation if committed within the jurisdiction of the United States or of any State; appear to be intended—(i) to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; (ii) to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or (iii) to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping. [These acts] occur primarily outside the territorial jurisdiction of the United States […]. Domestic terrorism: means activities that—involve acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of any State; appear to be intended—(i) to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; (ii) to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or (iii) to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping. [This] occur primarily within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States.1 The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) designates terrorism as its top investigative priority, further defines these two primary types as: • International terrorism: Perpetrated by individuals and/or groups inspired by or associated with designated foreign terrorist organizations or nations (state-sponsored). • Domestic terrorism: Perpetrated by individuals and/or groups inspired by or associated with primarily U.S.-based movements that espouse extremist ideologies of a political, religious, social, racial, or environmental nature. Domestic terrorism represents a complex and multifaceted threat to communities across the United States. The motivations behind domestic terrorist activities are diverse, and the consequences— both direct and indirect—are far-reaching. Understanding the nature of domestic terrorism and its potential impacts is essential for crafting effective mitigation strategies, enhancing preparedness, and ensuring a coordinated response to protect public safety and critical infrastructure. 1 Definitions. 2015. 18 USC §2331. https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?path=/prelim@title18 /part1/chapter113B&edition=prelim. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 15: Terrorism 15-3 Domestic terrorism in the United States can be driven by various extremist ideologies, all of which fall under the definition of Domestically Violent Extremists (DVE). DVEs Listed in Table 15-1, these groups and individuals often have distinct motivations and methods of operation: Table 15-1 US Domestically Violent Extremists (DVE) defined by FBI and DHS2 Group Name Description Animal Rights/Environmental Violent Extremists (AREVEs) Groups or individuals who facilitate or engage in the unlawful use or threat of force or violence or intent to intimidate or coerce, in furtherance of political and/or social agendas by those seeking to end or mitigate perceived cruelty, harm, or exploitation of animals or perceived exploitation or destruction of natural resources and the environment. Anti-Government or Anti-Authority Violent Extremism The potentially unlawful use or threat of force or violence in furtherance of ideological agendas, derived from anti-government or anti-authority sentiment, including opposition to perceived economic, social, or racial hierarchies, or perceived government overreach, negligence, or illegitimacy. Homegrown Violent Extremists (HVEs) A person of any citizenship who has lived and/or operated primarily in the United States or its territories who advocates, is engaged in, or is preparing to engage in ideologically motivated terrorist activities (including providing support to terrorism) in furtherance of political or social objectives promoted by a foreign terrorist organization but is acting independently of direction by a foreign terrorist organization. Racially (or Ethically) Motivated Violent Extremists (RMVE) Groups or individuals who facilitate or engage in the potentially unlawful use or threat of force or violence with intent to intimidate or coerce, in furtherance of political and/or social agendas, which are deemed to derive from bias, often related to race or ethnicity, held by the actor against others, including a given population or group. In addition to organized groups, domestic terrorism can also involve lone actors—individuals who commit violent acts independently, often motivated by personal grievances or a desire to retaliate against perceived injustices. These individuals, sometimes referred to as "lone wolves," may have no formal affiliation with extremist groups but are driven by personal ideologies or emotional distress. A common example of this type of terrorism is school shootings, where individuals, often with a history of social isolation or personal trauma, resort to violence to express their anger, 2 https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/fbi-dhs-domestic-terrorism-definitions-terminology-methodology.pdf/view AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 15: Terrorism 15-4 frustration, or desire for retribution. Another to consider is violent attacks against LGBTQ gathering spaces and other protected classes of people. 15.2 Location King County plays a prominent role as a major economic, governmental, and transportation hub in Washington State. It is the state’s largest county, with a population exceeding 2.2 million residents. It is geographically diverse, featuring a mix of high-density urban areas along the shores of Puget Sound, suburban communities to the east, and rural areas to the southeast. Seattle, the county’s largest city, is home to the eighth-largest port and the eleventh-busiest airport in the United States, with Seattle-Tacoma International Airport serving as a primary entry point for international travelers, particularly from the Pacific. King County also boasts the state’s largest labor market, with a range of key economic sectors. These include government operations centered in Seattle, technology hubs in Bellevue and Redmond, manufacturing in South King County, research facilities associated with institutions like the University of Washington, and agricultural activities in the Snoqualmie Valley. All which could be at risk of being targeted by various extremist groups, each seeking to disrupt specific sectors or make a political statement through acts of violence or intimidation. Figure 15-1 Domestic Terrorism-Related Incidents by Category, from 2010 through 20213 Each domestic terrorist group has distinct goals and motivations, and the locations they target for attacks reflect their ideological intentions and desired impact. • Animal Rights/Environmental Violent Extremists (AREVEs), who are concerned with the well-being of animals or environmental degradation, often target research laboratories conducting animal testing, agricultural facilities such as farms or slaughterhouses, and environmental impact areas like logging or mining sites. They may also focus on corporate headquarters with large environmental footprints or government buildings involved in the regulation of environmental issues. Washington is the 4th highest state in the U.S. for individuals radicalized with AREVE. 3 https://www.gao.gov/blog/rising-threat-domestic-terrorism-u.s.-and-federal-efforts-combat-it AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 15: Terrorism 15-5 • Anti-Government or Anti-Authority Violent Extremists primarily target government institutions and operations, including law enforcement and military facilities. Their focus also extends to critical infrastructure—such as power grids or water systems—political institutions like capitol buildings, and public areas of symbolic significance, such as monuments or government offices, to disrupt the legitimacy of state authority. • Homegrown Violent Extremists (HVEs), inspired by foreign terrorist ideologies but acting independently, are inclined to target U.S. government buildings, military and law enforcement facilities, transportation hubs like airports and bus terminals, and public venues or events, where their attacks can gain maximum visibility and cause widespread disruption. • Racially (or Ethnically) Motivated Violent Extremists (RMVEs) often focus on areas that serve minority communities. These may include minority neighborhoods, schools with diverse student bodies, religious institutions such as churches, synagogues, or mosques, and civic organizations advocating for racial equity and social justice. In the Washington State 2022, Domestic Terrorism Study, participants from the Jewish, Muslim, immigrant, and Asian American and Pacific Islander communities expressed significant level of fear over potential use of violence against their community.4 • Lone Wolves, individuals who are motivated by personal grievances or emotional distress, typically target schools, workplaces, places of worship, night clubs, and public spaces with high visibility, aiming for maximum casualties or media attention. They may also target government buildings or institutions they believe have wronged them in some way, acting without the support or coordination of larger extremist groups. 15.3 Magnitude Terrorism is designed to instill fear in its intended audience, disrupting daily life and making ordinary activities feel dangerous. It creates an environment where people are afraid to attend events, send their children to school, or even gather in places of worship. The scope of domestic terrorism has expanded significantly in recent years. The number of FBI investigations into domestic terrorism has more than doubled since 2020, with open investigations skyrocketing from 1,981 in Fiscal Year 2013 to 9,049 in FY 2021. Over the past decade, investigations into domestic terrorism have surged by 357%. This increase is most pronounced in states with major metropolitan areas, such as Seattle, Washington. 4 https://agportal-s3bucket.s3.amazonaws.com/2022%20Domestic%20Terrorism%20Study.pdf AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 15: Terrorism 15-6 Figure 15-2 Domestic Terrorism Incidents by State, 2010 through 2021 5 Domestic terrorism threats continue to evolve rapidly, and combating them requires close coordination between the FBI, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and other federal, state, and local agencies. In Washington State, the Washington State Fusion Center serves as the coordination hub for federal, local, and private sector partners involved in preventing, responding to, and recovering from emergencies, including terrorist threats. The Fusion Center also tracks over 800 large gatherings annually in King County, encompassing events like parades, festivals, and sporting events that draw large crowds. Mass gatherings, particularly open-access events, remain a primary target for domestic terrorists. These events, such as marathons, parades, protests, rallies, and festivals, are attractive to extremists due to their public accessibility, the availability of detailed schedules, and the generally unrestricted entry. Terrorists may also target gatherings near high-security events, such as tailgates adjacent to major sporting events. Based on previous attacks, extremists are likely to continue targeting civilian locations at such gatherings, exploiting perceived security vulnerabilities. 5 https://www.gao.gov/blog/rising-threat-domestic-terrorism-u.s.-and-federal-efforts-combat-it AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 15: Terrorism 15-7 Terrorist attacks differ significantly from other types of man-made hazards, and their unique characteristics often result in both immediate and long-term impacts on communities. For example, incidents involving hazardous materials like chemical, biological, or radioactive agents are particularly challenging because the presence of the threat may not be immediately identifiable, complicating response efforts and posing serious risks to public health and safety. In addition to physical dangers, terrorist attacks cause substantial emotional and psychological distress, evoking intense reactions such as fear, anxiety, and anger, which can hinder recovery and affect first responders. Furthermore, the economic toll of terrorism is often much greater than the direct cost of the attack. Even failed terrorist attempts can result in significant financial losses, particularly in sectors like critical infrastructure and government operations, as the long-term costs of heightened security measures and the recovery process can far exceed the cost of the attack itself. 15.4 Previous Occurrences Prior to the attacks on September 11, 2001, there were less than a dozen major terrorist events in Washington State. Since then, violent extremism has become commonplace, on a global and national scale, and the number of local terrorism and violent extremism cases continue to rise.6 Some of the most notorious terror cases in Washington State include the arrest of Ahmed Ressam, the “Millennium Bomber,” in December 1999, the Earth Liberation Front (ELF) firebombing of University of Washington’s (UW) horticulture center in May 2001, and the foiled Seattle Military Entrance Processing Station attack plot in 2011. Table 15-2 Past terrorist occurrences in Washington state and King County Date Description January 17, 2011 Kevin Harpham, an admitted white supremacist, placed a remote- controlled backpack improvised explosive device (IED), with rat-poison coated shrapnel, at a park bench near the marching route on the morning of the Martin Luther King Jr. Day Parade in Spokane, WA. Prosecutors said the device was “constructed with a clear, lethal purpose,” and Harpham said it was intended to protest social concepts, such as unity and multiculturalism.7 May 11, 2011 Joseph Brice of Clarkston WA was arrested for assembling, practicing, and detonating explosive devices after an incident that occurred on April 18, 6 United Nations Development Programme. 2016. Prevent Violent Extremism Through Promoting Inclusive Development, Tolerance and Respect for Diversity. Accessed online on 8/26/19 from https://www.undp.org/content/dam/norway/undp-ogc/documents/Discussion%20Paper%20- %20Preventing%20Violent%20Extremism%20by%20Promoting%20Inclusive%20%20Development.pdf. 7 Clouse, Thomas. December 20, 2011. MLK bomb maker gets 32 years in prison. The Spokane Spokesman-Review. Accessed online on 8/26/19 from https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2011/dec/20/mlk-parade-bomber-seeks- guilty-plea-withdrawal/. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 15: Terrorism 15-8 2010, when an explosive device he made prematurely ignited, causing him significant injuries. He had a YouTube channel called “Strength of Allah,” where he posted the videos in an attempt to support terrorism.8 June 22, 2011 Abu Khalid Abdul-Latif and Walli Mujahidh were arrested for planning to attack the Military Entrance Processing Station (MEPS) in Seattle with machine guns and grenades after previously planning, but discounting, an attack at Joint Base Lewis McChord (JBLM). According to FBI investigators, “Abdul-Latif said that ‘jihad’ in America should be a ‘physical jihad,’ and not just ‘media jihad’.”9 September 8, 2011 Michael McCright was arrested and charged with second-degree assault for a July 2011 incident where he intentionally swerved his vehicle at a government-plated vehicle occupied by two U.S. Marines in Seattle. Known on the Internet as “Mikhail Jihad,” McCright had ties to Abu Khalid Abdul-Latif, a man convicted of plotting to kill federal employees and military recruits in Seattle, WA.10 October 27, 2012 Abdisalan Hussein Ali, a 22-year old born in Somalia but raised in Seattle and Minnesota, was the third American killed as an al-Shabaab suicide bomber in Mogadishu. Ali was reportedly one of two bombers in an attack that killed “scores of African Union peacekeepers.” He arrived in Seattle in 2000 and moved to Minneapolis before being recruited into al-Shabaab and travelling to Somalia in 2008.11 July 18, 2014 Ali Muhammad Brown was arrested after killing four people in WA and a college student in NJ, as part of a personal vengeance against the U.S. government for its actions in the Middle East. In 2004, he was arrested and prosecuted for his role in a bank fraud scheme to finance fighters traveling abroad, and had known links to a disrupted terror cell in Seattle, WA and Bly, OR in 1999.12 8 Pignolet, Jennifer. Wednesday, June 12, 2013. Clarkston man convicted of trying to aid terrorists The Spokane Spokesman-Review. Accessed online on 8/26/19 from https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2013/jun/12/bomb- maker-sentenced/. 9 The Associated Press. June 5, 2012. Seattle terror suspect wants evidence tossed. Fox News. Accessed online on 8/26/19 from https://www.foxnews.com/us/seattle-terror-suspect-wants-evidence-tossed#ixzz28jz1MkOE. 10 Carter, Mike. May 29, 2012. Felon admits he tried to run Marines off I-5. The Seattle Times. Accessed online on 8/26/19 from https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/felon-admits-he-tried-to-run-marines-off-i-5/. 11 Kron, Josh. October 30, 2011. American Identified as Bomber in Attack on African Union in Somalia. The New York Times. Accessed online on 8/26/19 from https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/31/world/africa/shabab- identify-american-as-bomber-in-somalia-attack.html?_r=0. 12 Collins, Laura. September 18, 2014. Revealed, one man's terrifying 'jihad' on U.S. soil: Extremist 'executed four in revenge for American attacks in the Middle East and carried out bank fraud for the Cause'. Daily Mail Online. Accessed online on 8/26/19 from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2759901/Revealed-terrifying-one- man-jihad-U-S-soil-Extremist-executed-four-revenge-American-attacks-Middle-East-carried-bank-fraud- Cause.html. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 15: Terrorism 15-9 January 1, 2014 Musab Masmari attempted to set fire to a gay nightclub on Capitol Hill in Seattle, WA by spilling gasoline down a set of stairs and lighting it, while 750 people packed the club's New Year’s Eve event. According to investigative documents, Masmari told a friend that “homosexuals should be exterminated.” In July 2014, he was sentenced to ten years in federal prison for arson.13 August 25, 2017 Melvin Neifert from Selah was arrested and charged with receiving incendiary explosive device materials—specifically, potassium nitrate and other materials to make a potassium nitrate-sugar bomb—that were to be used in connection with the 2016 May Day events. Federal authorities seized evidence and questioned Neifert on May 1, the same day anti- capitalist demonstrations took place in Seattle.14 March 31, 2017 Muna Osman Jama of Reston VA and Hinda Osman Dhirane of Kent WA were sentenced to 12 years and 11 years respectively, after being found guilty of conspiracy to provide material support to al-Shabaab. The two reportedly organized an all-female fundraising group, called the “Group of Fifteen,” who provided monthly payments to al-Shabaab; facilitating and tracking money sent through conduits in Kenya and Somalia.15 March 26, 2018 Thanh Cong Phan from Everett was arrested after mailing at least 11 suspicious packages to multiple military and government facilities in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, which contained potential destructive devices. He was charged with shipping of explosive materials, after the packages were found to contain small amounts of black explosive powder.16 13 Carter, Mike. July 31, 2014. Man who set fire in Capitol Hill nightclub sentenced to 10 years. The Seattle Times. Accessed online on 8/26/19 from https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/man-who-set-fire-in-capitol-hill- nightclub-sentenced-to-10-years/. 14 Meyers, Donald W. August 31, 2016. Bail decision delayed in Selah explosives case. The Seattle Times. Accessed online on 8/26/19 from https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/crime/bail-decision-delayed-in-selah- explosives-case/. 15 Department of Justice. Friday, March 31, 2017. Two Women Sentenced for Providing Material Support to Terrorists. Accessed online on 8/26/19 from https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/two-women-sentenced-providing- material-support-terrorists. 16 Shayanian, Sara. March 28, 2018. Man charged with sending explosives to D.C. military sites. United Press Internationa. Accessed online on 8/26/19 from https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2018/03/28/Man-charged- with-sending-explosives-to-DC-military-sites/5591522255789/. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 15: Terrorism 15-10 15.5 Probability of Future Occurrences The probability of domestic terrorist risks in King County, Washington, is a complex and evolving concern, influenced by a range of factors including current security measures, historical incidents, and future events such as the 2026 World Cup, which will be hosted in Seattle. Domestic terrorist attacks are inherently difficult to predict and prevent due to their unpredictable nature and the tendency of perpetrators to blend into society undetected by law enforcement. These attacks are often carried out without warning, complicating efforts to identify potential threats in advance. King County, being a major urban center and home to Seattle—one of the host cities for the 2026 World Cup—faces an increased risk of domestic terrorism, particularly in the lead-up to this international event. Large-scale events like the World Cup attract global attention and a significant influx of visitors, making them prime targets for domestic and international terrorists aiming to cause disruption or gain media attention. 15.6 Impact Assessment Public Certain groups within King County are more vulnerable to targeted attacks by Domestic Violent Extremists (DVEs), but the broader population is susceptible to the impacts of terrorism as a whole. The county's population as a whole remains vulnerable to the broader consequences of terrorism. Public gatherings such as marathons, protests, or festivals, as well as everyday locations like schools and workplaces, are potential sites of attack, exposing civilians across the county to direct harm. Additionally, the emotional and psychological toll of terrorist attacks—fear, anxiety, and anger—will affect not only those directly targeted but also the wider community, potentially altering everyday behaviors and impacting mental health. The economic consequences of such attacks, including disruptions to business and public services, further affect the county's residents at large. Responders First responders—including law enforcement, firefighters, emergency medical services (EMS), and disaster recovery teams—face immediate risks when responding to terrorism-related incidents, especially when dealing with hazardous materials, active shooter situations, or explosive devices. The physical danger posed by these incidents places responders at risk of injury or death. Continuity of Operations Government facilities and employees are a common target for anti-government extremists, and attacks on these facilities can severely disrupt daily operations for extended periods. These disruptions can range from temporary shutdowns to long-term closures, requiring significant recovery efforts. Essential services such as public health, social services, and law enforcement could be delayed or interrupted, affecting the county's ability to serve its residents effectively. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 15: Terrorism 15-11 Property, Facilities, and Infrastructure Property Property, including commercial buildings, venues, vehicles, places of worship, or other areas are often damaged or destroyed during terror incidents. Trauma from the incident can prevent the rebuilding of the facility in the same place. Facilities When facilities are targeted, the immediate impact is often physical destruction or damage to the structure, systems, and equipment within. Employees and existing patients could become injured or killed. Even in the event they are not targeted, facilities could still become overwhelmed with patients in the aftermath of attacks. Infrastructure • Energy: Energy facilities, including fuel pipelines, are common targets for terrorists and saboteurs around the world. Many power facilities, such as neighborhood substations, are relatively unguarded and, if lost, can have immediate impacts on people and property in an area. Cyber-attacks are one area where a large-scale attack on the energy system could cause widespread disruption. • Water/Wastewater: Water systems are considered a high-impact potential target. A chemical attack on a water system, if not immediately detected, could harm or kill thousands, depending on the size of the water-system targeted. • Transportation: transportation systems, especially public transit, have been targets around the world, such as in the Madrid Train Bombings or the London Subway Bombings. Attacks on busses are also common. These incidents can cause a loss in public confidence in the transit system. Furthermore, an attack on a tunnel, such as the I-90 tunnel across Lake Washington, can impede mobility in our region over the long-term. • Communications: Communications infrastructure, such as cell towers, are relatively redundant and so somewhat less vulnerable to terrorist attacks. There is a huge vulnerability, however, to cyber-terrorism, which can take multiple facilities offline quickly. Environment A major attack can pollute the environment and poison water and food sources. This can have far-reaching, long-term consequences and damage animal and plant life as well as people. Economy In addition to the economic costs of stepped-up security, attacks can have a huge impact on a region’s economy. Places seen as less safe are less attractive to investors or visitors. Often, terrorist attacks attempt to destroy part of the economy by killing tourists or destroying an important piece of infrastructure. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 15: Terrorism 15-12 Public Confidence in Governance A failure to protect the public from a terrorist attack, even one that is thwarted at the last moment, can cause a total failure in public confidence in government. As seen after 9/11/2001 or after attacks by white supremacists against African- American or Jewish congregations, groups begin to feel isolated, threatened, and isolated from the community. This is especially true in cases where government fails to quickly reassure impacted communities and support them morally and with security resources. 15.7 Vulnerability Assessment Vulnerable Populations Certain groups, particularly those from protected classes, are particularly vulnerable to attacks by domestic terrorists. These individuals or communities may be specifically targeted due to their race, religion, ethnicity, gender identity, sexual orientation, or other protected characteristics. Vulnerability arises because these groups are often seen as symbols of the values or causes that extremists oppose, making them more likely to be victims of violence, discrimination, or intimidation. Terrorist attacks and attempted attacks in the northwest have been motivated by white supremacy (targeting non-white populations), xenophobia (targeting immigrants), homophobia/transphobia (targeting gathering places of gay, lesbian, and transgendered people), and anti-religious attacks against Muslims, Jews, Christians, or other religious groups. Individuals in positions of power—such as government officials and those involved in corporations perceived as targets of domestic extremist groups—are also particularly vulnerable to attacks by domestic terrorists. Terrorists have increasingly targeted mass-gatherings in densely populated or high profile areas. Consequently, any major urban area in Washington State could be considered at-risk as well as any crowded or high profile critical infrastructure. The specific motivations of terrorists will largely dictate target selection. Property Infrastructure systems such as dams, water systems, bridges, and public buildings are high-value targets to terrorists that both stand for government order and, when lost, can cause significant regional harm to people, property, and the economy. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 15: Terrorism 15-13 Environment Extremist can often exploit a range of environmental vulnerabilities through attacks such as contaminating the city’s water supply, using hazardous chemicals that could seep into the various ecosystems . Operations A new challenge that is emerging is the increasing use of terror tactics by non-terrorists. A number of evolved weapons, tactics, and targets have emerged through the sheer volume of attacks within the last decade. This normalization of violence has been further exacerbated by extensive media coverage and the ease by which detailed instruction manuals, ‘how-to’ videos, and online forums dedicated to weapons, explosives, and tactics. It is “essentially shared community content, easily accessible for extremists of all stripes to consume and put into action” including those with no affiliation to foreign or domestic extremism ideologies.17 Lessons learned from past attempts continue to shape the means by which attackers develop plots—the push for using small arms, edged-weapons and vehicle ramming against soft targets—instead of the often-failed large-scale attacks. 17 Johnson, Bridget. March 21, 2018. The Austin bomber and our new age of open-source terrorism: How Mark Anthony Conditt likely benefited from Al Qaeda tutorials. The New York Daily News. Accessed online on 8/26/19 from http://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/austin-bomber-new-age-open-source-terrorism-article-1.3888244. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) Risk Assessment Scoring 2 Location Ha z a r d 2 Probability 3 Magnitude 2 Public Im p a c t 2 Responders 1 COP 1 PFI 2 Economy 1 Environment 1 PCG 2 People Vu l n e r a b i l i t y 1 Property 2 Environment 1 Operations 2 People Ri s k 2 Property 2 Environment 2 Operations Moderate Overall Risk PC: Duwamish River Community Coalition Chapter 16Tsunami AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 16: Tsunami and Seiche 16-2 Chapter 16: Tsunami 16.1 Hazard Description A tsunami is a series of fast, powerful, and highly destructive waves that radiate outward in all directions from their point of origin. Tsunamis are typically triggered by the displacement of the ocean floor, often due to an earthquake, or by the collapse of an underwater or aerial landmass. Once generated, a tsunami can travel across entire oceans in less than a day, impacting coastal areas far from its source. In contrast, a seiches is a type of wave that forms in enclosed or semi-enclosed bodies of water— such as lakes, bays, and rivers—due to wind, atmospheric pressure changes, or seismic activity. Seiche waves can also affect harbors, canals, and other water systems with limited flow. Causation In King County, there are four main triggers for tsunami; distant earthquakes, localized earthquakes, Cascadia subduction zone, and landslides. The most significant tsunami threat comes from seismic activity along the Seattle Fault or other geological events within the Puget Sound Lowlands, such as large underwater landslides or local fault movements. Additionally, smaller tsunamis can pose maritime risks along the western coastlines of the United States. • Distant earthquakes: Tsunamis generated by distant earthquakes or underwater landslides can travel across vast stretches of ocean.1 Powerful tsunamis originating in the Pacific Ocean can reach the Puget Sound, where they may cause damage to boats, docks, piers, and navigation aids such as lighthouses and channel markers. Vessels, both moored and underway, could also be impacted. A notable example of this is the Alaskan-Aleutian subduction zone earthquake. • Localized earthquakes: Local seismic events, particularly those along the Seattle Fault, can trigger tsunamis in nearby large bodies of water. These localized tsunamis could cause significant damage to port infrastructure and navigational terminals, especially in areas like the Seattle waterfront. • Cascadia subduction zone: A massive earthquake (magnitude 8-9) off the coast of Washington, Oregon, or British Columbia could generate a catastrophic tsunami. • Landslides: Underwater or coastal landslides—such as the one that occurred at Tacoma Narrows—can displace enough water to create dangerous tsunami waves. 1 Washington State Department of Natural Resources (DNR), “Tsunamis” (n.d.): https://www.dnr.wa.gov/programs-and-services/geology/geologic-hazards/Tsunamis#understanding-tsunamis.1 AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 16: Tsunami and Seiche 16-3 16.2 Location King County is home to the deep-water Port of Seattle and several cities along the Puget Sound, including Shoreline, Seattle, Burien, Des Moines, and Federal Way. Together with Vashon Island, unincorporated King County includes a great deal of industry, import/export activity, and commercial and residential real estate that border bodies of water. These waterfront areas are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of tsunamis or seiches, which can be triggered by earthquakes occurring hundreds, if not thousands, of miles away from King County. There are four likely triggers for a tsunami in King County. These include an earthquake on the Seattle Fault, Cascadia Subduction Zone, and Alaska-Aleutian Subduction Zone, as well as a tsunami caused by a major landslide into Puget Sound or another major body of water. Seattle Fault Tsunami Figure 16-1 Seattle fault scenario detailed tsunami inundation The first wave of a tsunami caused by an earthquake along the Seattle Fault would arrive to King County shores within minutes. The worst flooding is expected around Seattle, but especially the port and industrial facilities around the Port of Seattle and Magnolia. Harbor Island is expected to be completely flooded because they are at sea level, with inundation averaging 9–13 feet (3–4 meters). Areas near Elliott Bay, like SoDo and Smith Cove, could see flooding more than 20 feet (6 meters) deep. Other places, like Magnolia Bluff and Alki Beach, could see flooding up to 20 feet (6 meters) deep, but it wouldn’t spread far because of steep cliffs. The tsunami would also cause flooding along rivers, including the Duwamish River. The first wave of the tsunami will hit the northern shore of Elliott Bay within minutes of the earthquake. The waves will continue to affect the shorelines for at least 3 hours, and strong currents could last much longer. The earthquake could also change the land’s height, either lowering some areas or raising others.2 2 Dolcimascolo, Alexander; Eungard, D. W.; Allen, Corina; LeVeque, R. J.; Adams, L. M.; Arcas, Diego; Titov, V. V.; González, F. I.; Moore, Christopher, 2022, Tsunami inundation, current speeds, and arrival times simulated from a AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 16: Tsunami and Seiche 16-4 Cascadia Subduction Zone Tsunami A Cascadia Subduction Zone tsunami in a Cascadia event, the first wave will arrive in approximately 2 hours and 20 minutes. It would devastate the outer coast and seriously impact low-lying areas around Everett and the San Juan Islands. The islands and the strait of Juan de Fuca protect King County from the worst flooding impacts. Modeling suggests that little inundation would occur along the coastline of south King County, though some flooding may be expected in areas of Seattle SODO and Port. For example, Harbor Island in Seattle could see up to 3.7 feet of flooding, with water speeds also between 0-3 knots (very low speed). at the Vashon Island Ferry Terminal, the modeled flooding could reach up to 13 feet, with water moving at speeds of 0-3 knots. The Duwamish Waterway would be among the most impacted areas with waves reaching 4 feet (1.2 meters) above Mean High Water. The worst flooding is expected to occur at Portage Bay with estimated wave amplitudes up to 13 feet (4 meters) above Mean High Water. Strong currents are also estimated at Portage Bay near spits of land and in the narrows, which can be hazardous to the maritime community. The first wave is expected to reach Seattle at approximately 2 hours and 20 minutes.3 Figure 16-2 Cascadia Subduction zone scenario – detailed tsunami inundation large Seattle Fault earthquake scenario for Puget Sound and other parts of the Salish Sea: Washington Geological Survey Map Series 2022-03, 16 sheets, scale 1:48,000, 51 p. text. [https://fortress.wa.gov/dnr/geologydata/tsuna mi_hazard_maps/ger_ms2022-03_tsunami_hazard_seattle_fault.zip] 3 Dolcimascolo, Alexander; Eungard, D. W.; Allen, Corina; LeVeque, R. J.; Adams, L. M.; Arcas, Diego; Titov, V. V.; González, F. I.; Moore, Christopher; Garrison-Laney, C. E.; Walsh, T. J., 2021, Tsunami hazard maps of the Puget Sound and adjacent waters—Model results from an extended L1 Mw 9.0 Cascadia subduction zone megathrust earthquake scenario: Washington Geological Survey Map Series 2021-01, originally published 2021, 16 sheets, scale 1:48,000, 49 p. text. [https://fortress.wa.gov/dnr/geologydata/tsunami_hazard_maps/ger_ms2021- 01_tsunami_hazard_puget_sound.zip] AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 16: Tsunami and Seiche 16-5 Alaska-Aleutian Distant Source Tsunami An earthquake along the Alaskan-Aleutian subduction zone could reach up to magnitude 9.2, similar to the one that occurred in 1964. A tsunami generated by such an earthquake would be a distant- sourced tsunami for Washington state. Preliminary modeling for a worst-case scenario of a magnitude 9.2 earthquake in Alaska suggests that the resulting tsunami in King County would be somewhat comparable to the Cascadia Subduction Zone event, but with roughly half the strength. The highest wave amplitudes are estimated to reach up to 7 feet (2 meters), primarily affecting Portage Bay, though they are not expected to overtop the northern spit. Unsafe currents may also pose a risk to maritime operations, especially in Portage Bay. The first wave is predicted to reach Seattle’s coastline approximately 6 hours after the earthquake. Landslide Tsunami In the last 200 years, landslides, not earthquakes, have caused all historical tsunamis in the Puget Sound/Salish Sea. Since the 1800s, no seismic activity along the Seattle Fault has been recorded. These locally generated tsunamis include 1820s Hat Island, 1894 Commencement Bay, and 1949 Tacoma Narrows. The 1949 Tacoma Narrows landslide, for example, was triggered by an earthquake, but the tsunami was caused by the landslide itself. However, historical and oral accounts, including those of the Salish peoples, describe numerous tsunamis, including a significant Seattle Fault earthquake around 1,100 years ago (~900–930 CE). This study models that event for planning purposes, aiding tsunami hazard preparedness in Puget Sound and the Salish Sea. Verbal accounts among the Snohomish Tribe describe a great landslide-induced wave caused by the collapse of Camano Head at the south end of Camano Island around the 1820s. The slide itself is said to have buried a small village, and the resulting tsunami drowned people who were clamming on Hat (Gedney) Island, 2 miles to the south. Bathymetry between Camano Head and Hat Island could have contributed to the size and destructive power of the wave.4 In 1894 a large submarine landslide occurred on the Puyallup River delta in Commencement Bay, resulting in two deaths and the destruction of the Northern Pacific freight docks and other port facilities. It also destroyed 300 feet of the North Pacific docks and created at least a ten-foot wave in the Old Town section of Tacoma. It washed over homes on the tide flats and resulted in one fatality.5 While no landslide generated tsunamis are known to have impacted King County there is potential that a subaerial or subaqueous slide may do so in the future. 4 Koshimura, Shunichi and Harold O. Mofjeld. 2001. Inundation modeling of local tsunamis in Puget Sound, Washington due to potential earthquakes. ITS 2001 Proceedings, Session 7, Number 7-18. Accessed online on 6/11/19 from https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/pubs/docs/ITS2001/7-18_Koshimura.pdf. 5 Pierce County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2004-2009 Edition, Tacoma, Washington, Sub-Section 4.6, Pierce County Tsunami Hazard, http://www.co.pierce.wa.us/xml/abtus/ourorg/dem/EMDiv/MP/PC%20Tsunami.pdf AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 16: Tsunami and Seiche 16-6 16.3 Magnitude Tsunamis that could impact King County vary significantly in strength depending on their origin and the type of event triggering them. The speed of a tsunami depends on the depth of the water it’s traveling through. The deeper the water, the faster the tsunami. In the deep ocean, tsunamis are barely noticeable, but they can move as fast as a jet plane, more than 500 mph. As they enter shallow water near land, they slow to approximately 20 or 30 mph, which is still faster than a person can run.6 Distant earthquakes, like those along the Pacific Rim, can create tsunamis that take hours to reach the region. Despite traveling across vast distances, these tsunamis often lose much of their destructive power by the time they reach the shallow waters of Puget Sound. For example, the 2011 magnitude 9.0 earthquake in Japan and the 1964 magnitude 9.2 earthquake in Alaska generated tsunamis that reached King County, but the highest recorded wave heights were only around 0.04 meters (~2 inches) and 0.12 meters (~5 inches), respectively. While these distant tsunamis pose little immediate threat, studies show that tsunami inundation from large distant earthquakes can still affect inland waters.7 In contrast, tsunamis generated by localized earthquakes, such as those occurring along the Seattle Fault, would reach King County within minutes, causing more immediate danger. The Cascadia subduction zone, a major fault off the Pacific Northwest coast, is capable of producing significant tsunamis, with waves potentially reaching the region in tens of minutes. A tsunami generated by such an earthquake would bring faster and more intense wave energy, making it a higher-risk scenario. Similarly, landslides occurring within or near the Puget Sound region could also generate tsunamis, with these events typically causing waves to strike within minutes, depending on the location of the slide. The value and density of property along the waterfront suggests a potential for moderate impacts from such an event. 16.4 Previous Occurrences This paleo-seismic evidence and tree ring dating of landslides around the region suggests the last tsunami occurred in King County was 923-924 AD when the local Seattle fault raised some landmasses around the Puget Sound shoreline by as much as 26 feet.8 A scientific study focused on seismic activity on the Seattle fault within the last 7,500 years found evidence for 6 additional 6 Washington State Department of Natural Resources (DNR), “Tsunamis” (n.d.): https://www.dnr.wa.gov/programs-and-services/geology/geologic-hazards/Tsunamis#understanding-tsunamis.1 7 Washington State Military Department, Emergency Management Division, “Tsunami Maritime Response and Mitigation Strategy - Port of Bellingham” (April 2021): https://mil.wa.gov/asset/60ad926bdefd6 8 B.A. Black, et al., “A multifault earthquake threat for the Seattle metropolitan region revealed by mass tree mortality” Science Advances, v. 9, no. 39 (2023) p. 9 [https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adh4973] AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 16: Tsunami and Seiche 16-7 earthquakes, however none of these are known to be tsunamigenic.9 This suggests a low probability of a large earthquake to occur on the Seattle fault as the recurrence interval could be thousands of years. Since 923 AD, tsunami waves in King County have been less than 18 inches in height and caused little damage to boats and shoreline property.10 Multiple seiches have been generated in King County from various local and distant seismic events. Table 16-1 Past tsunami and seiche occurrences in the Puget Sound region Date Type Location Trigger Description 923 - 924 Tsunami Seattle, WA Earthquake Caused by the Seattle Fault raising land by 26 feet. 1820s Tsunami Hat Island Landslide Large landslide at Camano Head triggered a tsunami that flooded an entire village. Additional verbal accounts among the Snohomish Tribe reported by Colin Tweddell in 1953 described a great landslide-induced wave caused by the collapse of Camano Head at the south end of Camano Island around the 1820s.11 1891 Seiche Lake Washington Earthquake Two earthquakes near Port Angeles caused water in the Puget Sound to surge onto beaches two feet above the high- water mark and an eight-foot seiche in Lake Washington. 1894 Tsunami Commence Bay Landslide Submarine landslide-triggered tsunami, which cased 2 fatalities. 1906 Seiche Lake Washington Earthquake Mw 7.9 San Francisco earthquake caused agitated wave activity on the west shore of Lake Washington “so violently that house boats, floats and bathhouses were 9 T.L. Pratt, et al., “Kinematics of shallow backthrusts in the Seattle Fault zone” Washington State: Geosphere, v. 11, no. 6 (2015): p. 1948–1974, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01179.1 10 NOAA, “Global Historical Tsunami Database. National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) (n.d.) doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7 11 Shunichi Koshimura, Harold O. Mofjeld, “Inundation modeling of local tsunamis in Puget Sound, Washington due to potential earthquakes.” ITS 2001 Proceedings, Session 7, Number 7-18. (2001): https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/pubs/docs/ITS2001/7-18_Koshimura.pdf. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 16: Tsunami and Seiche 16-8 jammed and tossed about like leaves on the water,” reported by the Seattle Post- Intelligencer (4/19/1906). 1949 Seiche Lake Union, Lake Washington Earthquake A magnitude-7.1 deep earthquake occurred in Olympia that caused seiches within Lake Union and Lake Washington, but no damages were reported. April 16, 1949 Tsunami Tacoma Narrows Landslide A 6-8 foot tall tsunami cased by a landslide at after the Mw 6.8 Olympic Earthquake 1964 Seiche Lake Union Earthquake The magnitude 9.2 Great Alaska earthquake of 1964 created global seiches, including in Lake Union that damaged houseboats, buckled moorings, and broke water and sewer lines. 1965 Seiche Green Lake Earthquake Magnitude 6.5 deep earthquake occurred in the Puget Sound which caused a seiche where water “sloshing back and forth like soup in a shallow bowl” was observed at Green Lake, North Seattle (reported by the Seattle Times, 4/30/1965). 2002 Seiche Lake Union Earthquake Magnitude 7.9 Denali earthquake caused seiches in Lake Union that damaged houseboats, buckled moorings, and broke water and sewer lines. 16.5 Probability of Future Occurrences As stated in the earthquake risk assessment, there is a high probability that a high magnitude earthquake will occur in King County which will likely be accompanied by a tsunami. However, when that event will happen is still uncertain. The increasing population and development in tsunami- prone areas mean that more people and critical assets are now exposed to these hazards. As population growth continues, especially in areas around the Puget Sound and Pacific Coast regions, the vulnerability to tsunamis increases. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 16: Tsunami and Seiche 16-9 By 2050, an estimated 268,000 people will reside in coastal tsunami inundation zones in Washington, representing a 3% increase from 2020. The development of coastal areas, coupled with higher exposure to tsunami hazards, will further elevate the challenges in mitigating the impacts of future events. As the state grows, this increased vulnerability highlights the need for continued resilience efforts. While inland landslide-driven tsunamis, often associated with human-made reservoirs, have decreased in frequency since the 1950s, the threat of tsunamis generated by large subduction zone earthquakes remains a serious concern. Despite the low probability of such catastrophic events, the growing population and infrastructure in tsunami zones necessitate ongoing preparedness and mitigation measures to reduce future risks. 16.6 Impact Assessment Public While it would take a rather sizable tsunami along the shoreline of King County, precautionary evacuations from houseboats, live aboard pleasure craft, cruise ships, and property immediately adjacent to waterfronts of Puget Sound and lakes Washington, Sammamish, and lake Union may be recommended. Responders Along the shoreline of King County, precautionary evacuations from houseboats, live aboard pleasure crafts, cruise ships, and property immediately adjacent to waterfronts of Puget Sound and lakes Washington, Sammamish, and Lake Union would cause impacts to the public. The volume of search and rescue efforts along waterfronts affected from the tsunami may pose potential issues to first responders (police, fire, EMS). There are only small number of scenarios where this is a likely issue. Continuity of Operations It is possible that Sounder traffic between Everett and Seattle or Tacoma and Seattle could be impacted by any large tsunami in Puget Sound. Otherwise, it is unlikely that King County governmental operations would be directly impacted by a tsunami or seiche. Property, Facilities, and Infrastructure Property Tsunami and seiche threats were not defined until recently. Most of the early 19th and 20th century structures located near the water were probably not engineered to withstand impacts from a tsunami, seiche, or earthquake. The properties along the entire Seattle Waterfront and those in Shoreline, Des Moines, Federal Way, and Vashon Island are at risk from tsunami activity. Facilities There are no major health centers located in the mapped tsunami inundation areas. Infrastructure • Power: Little to no impact directly from tsunami is expected. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 16: Tsunami and Seiche 16-10 • Water/Wastewater: Tsunami may impact the West Point treatment plant. The damage would depend on the height of the tsunami and a significant event would be required. If such an event were to occur, the plant would be rendered inoperable. • Transportation: damage to port facilities are the primary threat to infrastructure from a tsunami. Even relatively small tsunami surges, such as the aforementioned example from Crescent City, have caused tens of millions of dollars. Damage to low-lying rail and roads is also likely, but less of a concern since it would not impact primary transportation routes. Notably, Washington State Ferries have been conducting infrastructure enhancements to the terminals to make them tsunami resilient, that should be noted here. • Communications: There is limited risk to communications systems as a whole from tsunami. Environment It is possible for a tsunami or seiche to have an impact on the natural environment immediately adjacent to Puget Sound through the release of fuels and hazardous materials or their storage facilities around the waterfront. This may include fish habitat or natural and farmed shellfish beds, wetlands, estuaries, and marsh areas. Economy A tsunami or seiche that impacts port facilities, such as one triggered by the Seattle Fault would have any sizable impact on the economy of the region. Damage would run potentially in the billions and have far-reaching consequences for Washington’s export-based economy. Public Confidence in Governance Coverage from major news outlets, including the Seattle Times and the New Yorker magazine, have argued that Washington is highly underprepared for a major seismic event large enough to generate a tsunami. Both media coverage and reports from state emergency management has led Washington’s governor to convene a Resilient Washington Subcommittee to look into mitigation actions out of concern for the apparent low-level of public confidence in state and local ability to manage major disasters. Data is available from Japan and New Zealand that clearly demonstrate that policy level decisions and direct communication to the public will greatly influence the public confidence in King County government. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 16: Tsunami and Seiche 16-11 16.7 Vulnerability Assessment Vulnerable populations There are no additional anticipated direct impacts from tsunami to vulnerable populations. As always, any disruption to services, the economy, and infrastructure would cause more harm to lower-income and marginalized communities. Property Low lying homes Homes and businesses along the many waterfronts would be damaged or destroyed by a mid-sized tsunami and devastated by a local crustal earthquake and tsunami. Port/harbor facilities Tsunamis are expected to devastate near-shore port infrastructure, boats, and piers. This is the largest economic consequence of a tsunami. Environment Several areas in Central and South Seattle current hold and or are impacted by the release of hazardous materials such as the Duwamish River, Harbor Island and the SODO district. They also lie within the tsunami inundation zone. The quantity and speed of a tsunami would quickly spread these contaminants into adjacent aquatic ecosystems and soil. Operations Wastewater treatment facilities West Point treatment plan is in the inundation zone for a Seattle Fault tsunami. Historical records also suggest tsunamis have impacted this area before. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) Risk Assessment Scoring 1 Location Ha z a r d 2 Probability 3 Magnitude 2 Public Im p a c t 2 Responders 1 COP 1 PFI 2 Environment 2 Economy 2 PCG 3 People Vu l n e r a b i l i t y 1 Property 2 Environment 2 Operations 2 People Ri s k 2 Property 2 Environment 2 Operations Moderate Overall Risk PC: Richard Bowen Chapter 17Volcano AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 17: Volcano 17-2 Chapter 17: Volcano 17.1 Hazard Description Volcanic eruptions are the result of geological activity beneath the earth’s surface, often resulting in the release of lava, rock fragments, gases, and ash from a vent on the surface. Deposits of rock, lava, and ash create the structures we call volcanoes. Washington State has five active volcanoes, each posing varying levels of risk to King County. Mt Adams is classified by U.S. Geological Survey as a “high” threat, while the remaining four—Mount Baker, Glacier Peak, Mount Rainier, and Mount St. Helens—are classified as “very high” threat due to their proximity to developed areas.1 The regions primary hazards associated with volcanoes include lahars and volcanic ashfall. Lahars, also called volcanic mudflows or debris flows, can have the consistency of wet cement and are historically one of the most damaging elements of an eruption. When enough water mixes with loose volcanic ash and rock on the side of a volcano, the mixture flows downhill and forms a lahar. These mudflows can travel more than 50 miles from the volcano, and commonly at speeds of 40 miles per hour.2 These flows pick up debris like trees and boulders, and if sufficiently large and powerful, also houses, cars and anything else in their paths. They slow down once they reach flatter gradients typical of distant river channels but are still an unstoppable mass 1 Washington Emergency Management Division (EMD), “Volcano” Washington State Enhanced Hazard Mitigation Plan (2023): p. 71, https://mil.wa.gov/asset/651ec296d76a9/2023_WA_SEHMP_final_20231004.pdf 2 Washington Geological Survey, “Vocanic Hazards in Washington State” (n.d.): p. 4, https://www.dnr.wa.gov/publications/ger_volcano_hazards_brochure.pdf May 18, 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption taken by Richard Lasher AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 17: Volcano 17-3 of mud and debris, often pushing a flow of water ahead of them. The only personal protective action available to avoid a lahar is evacuation to higher ground. Ashfall is made up of tiny particles of broken rock, glass, and minerals. The fine particles may travel hundreds of miles or more downwind. Even in tiny quantities, volcanic ash can be very disruptive, as it lowers air quality, poses potential health hazards if ingested, especially to those with pulmonary conditions, makes roads slippery to drive on, is abrasive, poses risks to aircraft, motor vehicles and electronics, and is extremely difficult to clean up. 17.2 Location Washington’s five volanoes are scattered along the Cascade Range. Mount Baker and Glacier Peak are located in the north, Mount St Helens and Mount Adams are located in the south, and Mount Rainier is central. Figure 17-1 Washington State Volanoes 3 3 Washington Geological Survey, “Vocanic Hazards in Washington State” (n.d.): p. 2, https://www.dnr.wa.gov/publications/ger_volcano_hazards_brochure.pdf AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 17: Volcano 17-4 Hazards from eruptions are typically divided into near-volcano hazards, those which impact areas immediately on the slopes of the volcano, and distant hazards, which can put areas miles away from the volcano at risk. Near-volcano hazards include pyroclastic flows (hot avalanches of gas, ash, and rock fragments), lava flows, rock (tephra), debris flows, and landslides. Distant hazards, include lahars, and volcanic ash. Lahars may travel tens of miles down river valleys, picking up debris and inundating floodplains, and leave a cement-like deposit of sediment where they stop. For King County, all Washington Volcano’s are distant hazards. Mount St. Helens and Glacier Peak are the more highly explosive volcanoes in the Cascade Range. If they were to erupt, prevailing winds could carry the ashfall into King County. Such ashfall could prompt airport closure, disrupt communications system, and wreak general havoc. Mount Rainer is also a distant hazard but with the additional threat of lahar. Figure 17-2 highlights the communities at risk from a potential eruption and subsequent lahar, including Algona, Pacific, Auburn, and the Muckleshoot Tribal Nation. Lahars along the White River would carry a mixture of mud, ash, rocks, and debris, leaving behind thick layers of sediment, potentially tens of feet deep. These flows could travel downstream into the Puget Sound via the Green and Duwamish Rivers. The aftermath would likely result in widespread regional impacts. Excess sediment erosion and transport down river valleys could disrupt transportation networks, including major highways like I- 5, and damage critical infrastructure such as the Port of Tacoma. The map also highlights areas at risk of “post-lahar sedimentation” (shown in green), where sediment would fill riverbeds, create new floodplains, and exacerbate local flooding. This sediment would continue to accumulate in river systems for years, due to the unstable mountainous terrain. While Mount Rainier is not as explosively active as volcanoes like Mount St. Helens or Glacier Peak, the threat of ashfall in King County is relatively low. However, the potential for lahars and the long-term impacts of sediment deposition are serious concerns for the region. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 17: Volcano 17-5 Figure 17-2 Mount Rainier 17.3 Magnitude The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI), shown in Figure 17-3, is a scale used to measure the size of explosive volcanic eruptions. Ranging from 0 to 8, the VEI is a logarithmic scale, comparable to the to the way magnitude of earthquakes is measured. For instance, the 1980 Mt St Helens eruption followed a 5.1 magnitude earthquake and the amount of ash (1 Cubic Kilometer of dense rock equivalent) scored a 5 on VEI.4 Each increment on the VEI represents a ten-fold increase in eruption size. The scale considers factors such as the volume of magma erupted and the height of the eruption column. The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, for instance, produced an eruption column that reached approximately 15 miles in height. For Mount Rainier, the VEI of a major explosive eruption that 4 USGS, “1980 Cataclysmic Eruption” Mount St. Helens (November 2023): https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/mount- st.-helens/science/1980-cataclysmic-eruption AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 17: Volcano 17-6 occurred between 30,000 and 100,000 years ago is tentatively estimated to be between 4 and 5. This suggests that Mount Rainier is capable of eruptions ranging from moderate to very large in scale.5 Figure 17-3 Volcanic Explosivity Index 6 Given it has been approximately 200 years since Mount Rainier has last erupted, the measurement of magnitude and extent has been based of the evaluation of soil. For instance, the Osceola Mud Flow 5,600 years ago went 31 miles downstream and the deposit of lahar was 26 feet thick. Unlike Mount St. Helens, Mount Rainier is only a moderate producer of ash (tephra) fall. Even so, tephra fallout in populated areas is a health hazard, will damage property, and may require Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs) of airways over affected areas. Further, Lahars can flow many tens of miles from Mount Rainier and represent the greatest volcanic threat to populated areas. They are capable of burying and destroying anything in their path. A lahar should not be seen as a singular event, but rather as a mass movement of sediment requiring significant time to recover from. Deposition of feet to tens of feet of sediment along a river valley and its floodplain creates long-term changes to the river environment. Lahars from the 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens themselves destroyed 27 bridges, and over 200 homes, and over 185 miles of roads. In addition to this damage, it caused ongoing sediment deposition for years, that caused the need for dredging the Columbia River multiple times, and for the Army Corps of Engineers to spend over a million dollars building a sediment retention structure to mitigate this added hazard of lahars.7 After a lahar, mitigation measures may be necessary to prevent hazards from continued sedimentation over the decades following the eruption. One such mitigation measure at Mount St. 5 National Research Council, “Mount Rainier: Active Cascade Volcano” The National Academies Press. (1994): https://doi.org/10.17226/4546 6 National Park Service, “Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI)” Volcanoes, Craters & Lava Flows (August 2022): https:// www.nps.gov/subjects/volcanoes/volcanic-explosivity-index.htm 7 USGS, “Lahar Hazards at Mount St. Helens” Mount St. Helens, (November 2023): https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/mount-st.-helens/science/lahar-hazards-mount-st-helens AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 17: Volcano 17-7 Helens, a sediment retention structure built on the North Fork Toutle River, is intended to prevent too much sand from reaching distant channel reaches and exacerbating flood potential. Dredging is an option to remove sediment deposited in distant channel reaches, but it is expensive, must be repeated, and requires substantial areas to deposit dredge spoil. Deposition of a large amount of sediment on a floodplain may change floodplain character and can entomb structures built on the floodplain. 17.4 Previous Occurrences The Cascade Range has a long history of volcanic activity, evidenced both by geological deposits that shape the landscape and in the oral histories of the Salish and Coast Salish tribes, passed down through generations. Although the volcanoes in the Cascades remain active, their eruptions are generally infrequent, with geological records indicating an eruption roughly a few times per century. Figure 17-3 illustrates the number of eruptions along the Cascade Range over the past 4,000 years. Some volcanoes, such as Mount Baker and Mount Adams, experience relatively rare eruptions, while others, including Glacier Peak, Mount Rainier, and Mount St. Helens, have shown patterns of clustered eruptions. Figure 17-4 USGS, Eruptions in Cascade Range in the Past 4,000 Years In recent years, Mount St. Helens has been intermittent activity from 1980 to 1986 and continuous activity from late 2004 to early 2008. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 17: Volcano 17-8 • May 1980 eruption of Mount St Helens is the best examples of potential local damages from volcanic activity. This eruption produced significant ash-fall over eastern Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana, with trace amounts falling over the Dakotas, Wyoming, Nebraska, Colorado, Oklahoma, and Minnesota as well as Canadian provinces. Lahars associated with the eruption damaged or destroyed over 200 homes, ruined 27 bridges, and buried 185 miles of roadway. Community water supplies and sewer systems were disabled and reservoirs partly filled with debris. Mount Rainier began erupting 500,000 years ago and has had numerous eruptions and shed numerous lahars since then. It is estimated that Mount Rainier has generated about 60 of these lahars in the last 10,000 years, with about 10 large enough to reach the Puget Sound. Many communities, including Orting, Puyallup, and Auburn, between Mount Rainier and the Puget Sound are built on top of these deposits. • 5,600 years ago (approx.), an eruption created a massive debris avalanche that transformed into a very large lahar, called the Osceola Mudflow. That lahar traveled down the White River valley and into the Puget Sound. It filled valleys of the White River system to depths of more than 350 feet and moved at speeds of 40 to 50 miles an hour. Following the Osceola Mudflow, many other eruptions and lahars occurred. • 500 years ago (approx.), a large landslide-generated lahar originated on the west flank of the volcano called the Electron Mudflow. That lahar traveled down the Puyallup River valley through Orting and into Sumner and Puyallup. However, there is no evidence that this event was triggered by a volcanic eruption. 17.5 Probability of Future Occurrences According to the Washington State Enhanced Hazard Mitigation Plan, there is a 2.5% chance each year that a volcanic disaster could lead to a formal disaster declaration.8 While this statistic highlights the potential risk, it’s important to note that volcanic eruptions, particularly in the Cascades, can be unpredictable. Volcanoes like Mount Rainier and others in the region can lie dormant for hundreds or even thousands of years between eruptions, making it difficult to foresee exactly when an eruption might occur. Despite this uncertainty, scientists do know that future eruptions are likely. Furthermore, the population of the Pacific Northwest continues to grow, the risk associated with volcanic events is also increasing. Since the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, there has been a significant rise in both the number of people living in at-risk areas and the infrastructure exposed to volcanic hazards. Advance warning of unrest and potential implications of unrest are critical to 8 Washington Emergency Management Division (EMD), “Volcano” Washington State Enhanced Hazard Mitigation Plan (2023): p. 71, https://mil.wa.gov/asset/651ec296d76a9/2023_WA_SEHMP_final_20231004.pdf AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 17: Volcano 17-9 communities downstream from the volcanoes, because even a relatively small eruption could scour and melt snow and glacier ice and produce lahars that could reach heavily populated areas. 17.6 Climate Change Considerations Volcanic eruptions can influence climate, primarily through the release of gases, aerosols, and ash into the atmosphere. While volcanic ash, which is injected into the stratosphere during major explosive eruptions, typically falls back to Earth within days or weeks and has little lasting impact on climate, the gases released can have significant effects. For instance, sulfur dioxide (SO₂) can form aerosols that reflect sunlight, leading to temporary global cooling. In contrast, carbon dioxide (CO₂), a greenhouse gas, can contribute to global warming by trapping heat in the atmosphere. However, despite the release of CO₂ during contemporary volcanic eruptions, it has not been shown to cause detectable global warming on a large scale.9 17.7 Impact Assessment Public The estimated King County population that might be impacted from Mount Rainier by a Case 1 lahar is 17,920, Case 2 is 3,527 and 49,486 in a post-lahar sedimentation zone. The distance from Mount Rainier makes direct impact of eruption from a pyroclastic event unlikely. Prevailing winds make ash fall in the county a relatively low probability event. Lava flows and landslide activity would impact the National Park and possibly part of Pierce County but are unlikely to reach any portion of inhabited King County. Indirect impacts from a major eruption might include a cooling climate from atmospheric suspended ash clouds but this too is unlikely. Fine ash may cause regional health impacts – especially respiratory for the duration of ash fall or during any ash resuspension by strong winds. Impacts to vehicles and air handling systems in homes and workplaces may have an employment impact to the King County population. However, it is also worth noting many Pierce County residents commute to jobs in King County, so disruptions in Pierce could have economic ripple effects throughout the region. Responders Responder vehicles need regular air filter changes during ashfall. Air filters in the quantity required are likely not available. Responders will also be taxed by high numbers of calls and dangerous roads caused by slick ash. Continuity of Operations Potential impacts to county delivery of services from a Mount Rainier eruption would be the result of damages to infrastructure, equipment including machinery and vehicles, inaccessibility to service areas, impedance 9 USGS, “Volcanoes Can Affect Climate” Volcano Hazards Program (n.d.): https://www.usgs.gov/programs/VHP/volcanoes-can-affect-climate AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 17: Volcano 17-10 to transportation routes used by the county workforce, and health impacts to residents and the workforce. County services that might be interrupted might include: Medic One response, King County Sheriff’s Office services like 9-1-1 dispatch, search and rescue and marine or aviation unit response, adult detention, solid waste and waste water services. Services provided by other government agencies and basic service providers might include interruption of: power, phone and cell phone service, emergency medical service, fire and law enforcement, water systems, and health/medical facilities. Property, Facilities, and Infrastructure Property The cities of Algona and Pacific are the most at risk from a Mount Rainier lahar event, with over 90 percent of their structures exposed to the lahar. While the percentage of structures is not as high, the City of Auburn has the highest potential dollar-value losses. Other damages would include the loss of HVAC and air filtration systems, and electrical systems shorting out. Furthermore, following rains, ash hardens to a concrete-like consistency, which can clog gutters and drains and cause them to fail or collapse. Businesses that operate electronic systems will require decontamination rooms to prevent ash from getting inside and damaging electrical equipment. Facilities Health systems would be impacted by an expected dramatic rise in demand for services as ash causes people to seek care for respiratory distress and lahars can cause serious injuries. Health systems would also be hindered by transportation system impacts. First responder vehicles should have air filters changed a frequent as every 30 minutes during volcanic ash events and there are not enough air filters on hand to meet this requirement. Infrastructure • Power: Ash can short out electrical systems and cause widespread power failure. Ash accumulation may also cause issues with power generation dams. Generation facilities may be shut down to prevent damage to sensitive components. • Water/Wastewater: Water systems, including reservoirs, could quickly clog with ash, potentially polluting water supply. • Transportation: volcanic ash is very slick and roadways would become treacherous. Vehicles would need regular air filter replacements and there are not sufficient air filters in the region to offset the need. Airports in the region may require Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs) of airways over affected areas. Any lahar could potentially destroy major transportation routes, including I-5. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 17: Volcano 17-11 • Communications: Electrical and communication impact can be severely impacted during ashfall. Ash getting into electrical systems can cause systems to short out. Environment Any significant volcanic activity at Mount Rainier would have an impact to the environment. Tephra (ash) fall, pyroclastic flows, large landslides, and lahar activity would directly impact birds, fish, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, trees, and vegetation. Sediment deposition would impact rivers that support salmon and steelhead spawning. Large landslides and lahars may change the course of rivers entirely. Lahars may cause hazardous material releases that harm birds, fish and other wildlife. Recreational use of ski areas and hiking trails would also be impacted. After four decades, timber and wildlife at Mount St. Helens have not yet fully returned to pre-1980 levels. Economy Many of the impacts to humans and the environment from a Mount Rainier eruption would also impact the economy of King County. Aviation interruption would likely occur from airborne ash. A lahar event would impact rail and port service from direct damages to infrastructure like bridges, rails, and roadways, or from inaccessibility to ports. Post-eruption excess sedimentation would affect areas father downstream and exacerbate flooding. Ash would cause interruption of all internal combustion engines or vehicles that require filters would impact the workforce and movement of food and supplies as well as repair crews. Abrasion from fine ash on all mechanical parts would cause longer term damages to industrial operations and the ports. Health and respiratory issues would make both indoor and outdoor professions difficult. Medical facilities and the patients that rely on them would have difficulty operating. The cost of debris removal following a lahar or substantial ash fall would be enormous, even similar to efforts from a major earthquake. Volcanic ash can also have major impacts on agriculture if feed and water sources are not taken care of properly. Farm animals can inadvertently grind down their teeth while grazing on grasses that include volcanic ash over time, and may suffer from stomach or intestinal injuries from drinking ashy water.10 10 USGS, “Agriculture – Plants & Animals” Volcanic Ashfall Impacts Working Group, (December 2015): https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/volcanic_ash/agriculture.html AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 17: Volcano 17-12 Public Confidence in Governance The public’s knowledge on volcanic eruption and evacuation protocols are limited due to the infrequent eruptions in this region of the Cascades. The last large eruption was Mount St. Helens in 1980. At the time, US scientists had no direct experience with monitoring and forecasting eruptions of explosive volcanoes, thus Mount St. Helens eruption didn’t come with early warning. There was even confusion on the possibility that the volcano could erupt sideways. This could give the impression that government isn’t well prepared for another eruption. However, since that time, investments in research, volcano monitoring, and public outreach have increased the ability of the USGS to detect early signs of unrest and with local emergency management to communicate factual, reliable, and actionable information to government authorities and the public. 17.8 Vulnerability Assessment Vulnerable Populations Impacts to individuals with access and functional needs will be extremely serious. Transportation will be impacted, resulting in difficulty accessing appointments. Individuals with chronic respiratory vulnerabilities will be most negatively impacted by ash. While there are limited numbers of King County residents in the path of the lahar, the communities that are most impacted have higher rates of disability and poverty than the statewide average. Communities downstream of the direct lahar impact area will likely experience post-lahar excess river sedimentation which can exacerbate flooding. Communities in the path of lahar hazards Communities in the vicinity of Mount Rainier, including the King County communities of Algona, Pacific, and Auburn, are most vulnerable to a large lahar generated by an eruption of Mount Rainier. Communities further down valley are vulnerable to excessive river sedimentation in the aftermath of an eruption and lahar. Populations vulnerable to respiratory distress brought on by ash Ash from any volcanic eruption can lead to disruption of daily life and is a major threat to people with medical vulnerabilities. Populations in the immediate vicinity of a volcano Populations that use Mount Rainier National Park or work in the area around the mountain are most susceptible to multiple near-volcano hazards that can affect the immediate surroundings within minutes. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 17: Volcano 17-13 Although advanced notice of a potential eruption is likely, it will be impossible to predict the exact moment of eruption. Residents from the town of Orting have approximately 45-minutes to evacuate following onset of a large lahar in the Puyallup valley. Property Property damage from lahars can include complete inundation and destruction of any property in the lahar’s path. Furthermore, property damage that can occur from ash fall include obstructed filters in HVAC systems, clogged drainage systems in gutters, and corrosion on metal roofs. Environment Lahars along the White River, with post sedimentation in the Green and Duwamish River can drastically alter the riverbed and changing water flow dynamics. The added sediment can increase erosion downstream and significantly impact aquatic life, leading to long-term ecological disruption. Changes to floodplains can also create new areas of vulnerability, potentially exposing hazardous materials and increasing erosion risks during future flood events. Operations Energy Electrical systems may short out due to ashfall and power generation can be curtailed as generation systems are shut off to protect sensitive components. Communication Communications equipment has the same vulnerability as general electrical systems and is subject to failure due to ash damage. Air Travel Airports may be closed for the duration of major ash dispersal including ash remobilization due to wind. Roads Traffic signals may short out during ashfall. Ash can create a very slippery driving surface. Ash can damage vehicle engines and scratch windshields when wipers are being used. Driving is not recommended during heavy ashfall. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) Chapter 18Wildfire Risk Assessment Scoring 2 Location Ha z a r d 3 Probability 3 Magnitude 3 Public Im p a c t 3 Responders 1 COP 3 PFI 2 Environment 3 Economy 3 PCG 2 People Vu l n e r a b i l i t y 2 Property 2 Environment 1 Operations 3 People Ri s k 3 Property 3 Environment 2 Operations High Overall Risk PC: Inciweb AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 18: Wildfire 18-2 Chapter 18: Wildfire 18.1 Hazard Description A wildfire is an unplanned, unwanted fire burning in a natural area such as a forest, grassland, or prairie. Wildfire is a historically natural phenomenon that has played a role in reshaping and regenerating our ecosystems since time immemorial. However, the dangers wildfires can pose to the public and first responders are significant. Wildfires can damage natural resources, destroy homes and structures, and threaten the safety of the public and first responders. While King County and Western Washington have historically been viewed as having a relatively low fire risk, the dense vegetation in our forests can serve as an ample source of wildfire fuel if conditions are right for them to burn. In the last decade, the region has been experiencing drier summers and longer fire seasons, with approximately 30-40% of wildfire starts in Washington occurring on the west side of the Cascade Crest.1 Meanwhile, more and more people are moving into the wooded areas of King County with a higher likelihood of exposure to fire. Of particular concern is a wildfire that spreads from the wildlands to the urban environment. While wildfires do start naturally through lightning strikes, 85% of wildfires in Washington are started by human activity.2 Human-caused ignitions include arson but starts are more often the result of a range of unintentional and avoidable causes such as sparks from vehicles dragging 1 Courtney Flatt, “Washington’s 2022 fire season has been the mildest in a decade” OPB (October 2022): https://www.opb.org/article/2022/10/09/washington-wildfire-season-bolt-creek-fire-goat-rocks-fire-oregon- wildfires/ 2 Washington Department of Natural Resources (DNR), “Wildfire Resources” Wildland Fire Management Division (n.d.): https://www.dnr.wa.gov/programs-and-services/wildfire-resources 2022 Bolt Creek Fire AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 18: Wildfire 18-3 materials, fallen utility lines, negligent backyard debris burning, or pyrotechnics and recreational fires that get out of control. Wildfires can spread rapidly when fueled by dense, dry, uninterrupted vegetation, especially in areas with steep slopes, ridges, and during windy conditions with high temperatures and low humidity. To compound the situation, an area burned by an intense wildfire is more likely to experience additional hazards such as flooding and landslides. Wildfire smoke is also a significant threat to public health, and smoke annually impacts King County even when the source fires are well outside of county boundaries. Wildfire smoke is made up of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) which can cause a range of negative health impacts, especially for vulnerable populations including people with chronic health conditions, children, pregnant women, and first responders who are exposed to large amounts of PM2.5 through their work. The wildland fire season in Washington generally starts in May and continues through October.3 Conditions such as drought, low snowpack, and local weather conditions can impact the length of the fire season. In King County, the window of vulnerability to wildfire is from late August to October. The most recent significant fire in King County, the 2022 Bolt Creek Fire, ignited in September and burned through the end of October. The National Weather Service issues Red Flag Warnings when warm temperatures, very low humidities, and stronger winds are expected to combine to produce an increased risk of fire danger; August and September were the months when the most Red Flag Warnings were issued from 2006-2022.4 To address concerns related to wildfire, King County will be publishing a countywide Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) in 2025 that expands upon items listed in this chapter and describes concerns, risk factors, and effective wildfire mitigation actions. Actions or mitigation plans listed in the King County CWPP will be considered a part of the King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan, regardless of the adoption date, and will be incorporated into this plan at the next scheduled update. 3 Western Fire Chiefs Associate, “Washington Fire Season: In-Depth Guide” (April 2024): https://wfca.com/wildfire- articles/washington-fire-season-in-depth-guide/ 4 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), “Red Flag Warning” National Weather Service (NWS) (n.d.): https://www.weather.gov/mqt/redflagtips#:~:text=A%20Red%20Flag%20Warning%20means,increased%20risk%2 0of%20fire%20danger. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 18: Wildfire 18-4 18.2 Location Figure 18-1 King County Wildland Urban Interface (WUI)5 Wildland-Urban Interface The wildland-urban interface (WUI), or the zone of transition between structures and human development and undeveloped land or vegetative fuels, is of particular importance for wildfire mitigation. Figure 18-2 displays the current King County WUI map. 5 King County, “Wildfire Risk Reduction Strategy” Office of Emergency Management (July 2022): https://your.kingcounty.gov/dnrp/climate/documents/king-county-wildfire-strategy-report.pdf AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 18: Wildfire 18-5 • Interface areas are those in which development and structures are bordered by wildlands on at least one side. • Intermix areas are defined as a development or structure that is surrounded on two or more sides by wildlands. The WUI map above is not a wildfire risk map and simply demarcates where the wildlands and urban areas meet and overlap; however, communities in the WUI have a higher likelihood of exposure to wildland fires so it is an important area to consider for wildfire mitigation work. Wildfire Smoke Figure 18-2 Asthma Diagnosis Medicaid Members (All Ages), King County 20236 Wildfires in neighboring regions, including Eastern Washington, Oregon, and British Columbia, frequently bring wildfire smoke into King County, leading to hazardous air quality conditions. Recent studies on wildfire smoke exposure in Washington have revealed a significant link between exposure to PM2.5 from wildfire smoke and increased visits to emergency rooms and outpatient clinics.7 Vulnerable groups, particularly children with asthma and those experiencing childhood respiratory or chest symptoms, are disproportionately affected. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary 6 King County, “Asthma data dashboards - Asthma diagnosis among Medicaid members” Public Health – Seattle & King County (PHSKC) (October 2024): https://kingcounty.gov/en/dept/dph/about-king-county/about-public- health/data-reports/climate/asthma 7 https://deohs.washington.edu/hsm-blog/wildfire-smoke-tied-increased-risk-er-visits AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 18: Wildfire 18-6 Disease (COPD) patients across all age groups also face heightened risks, as do individuals with other respiratory conditions. In 2021, The Puget Sound Clean Air Agency reported that the region’s unprecedented wildfire smoke events resulted in the highest amounts of particulate matter in the air since air quality monitoring for PM2.5 began in 1980.8 As climate change increases the likelihood of larger and more severe wildfires, the number of days with poor air quality from smoke increases as well. 18.3 Magnitude Wildfire Regime Figure 18-3 Western Cascadia wildfire regime 9 To understand the magnitude and frequency of wildfires, it is essential to understand the norms and patterns of wildfires in our area over time, which is known as the wildfire regime.10 King County has two predominant wildfire regimes, demonstrated in Figure 18-3. Parts of King County experience frequent to moderately frequent and lower- to moderate-severity wildfires. These fires are often relatively small (<50,000 acres) and are more easily limited by external factors such as weather, available fuel, topography, and standard firefighting techniques. The other type of fire in our wildfire regime is infrequent and high-severity wildfire. The most likely scenario for a such a fire to occur is during a major east-wind event when vegetative fuels are dry and primed for burning; such fires can be massive (100,000 to >1,00,000 acres), are incredibly difficult to contain, and often burn at a severity that kills entire sections of forest (what is known as a “stand- 8 Puget Sound Clean Air Agency, “2021 Data Summary” (2022): https://www.pscleanair.gov/673/2021-Data- Summary 9 Matthew J. Reilly, et. al, “Cascadia Burning: The historic, but not historically unprecedented, 2020 wildfires in the Pacific Northwest, USA” ESA (June 2022): https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecs2.4070 10 Emily Fales, Daniel Donato, “Key Insights for Wildfire Management in Western Washington: Fire Regime and Forest Structure” Forest Stewardship Notes (February 2024): https://foreststewardshipnotes.wordpress.com/2024/02/06/key-insights-for-wildfire-management-in-western- washington-fire-regime-and-forest-structure/ AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 18: Wildfire 18-7 replacing” fire). Because the majority of the wildlands in King County are east of the populous areas of the county, strong wind from the east could push a wildfire directly into the urban areas of King County, a situation which would be dangerous and even deadly. The challenge of the low-frequency, high-severity fire regime is that many of the major stand- replacing wildfires that have impacted the region are out of living memory. The average return interval between such wildfires is anywhere from 100-500 years. Because major westside fires rarely occur, people in areas of higher risk may not realize just how vulnerable they are to a major wildfire. Lack of awareness can lead to lack of preparedness, low interest in mitigation, and inadequate precaution with potential ignition sources. Maps of fire risk in the United States – such as the FEMA Risk Index map – show King County as “relatively low” risk, but this is because these maps are calculated using annualized frequency fires.11 Such calculations convey the low frequency of our wildfire regime but does not accurately capture the danger of a major fire if conditions are right. Furthermore, the impacts of climate change are rapidly increasing the risk factors for wildfire. We must not only plan for our historic fire regime but consider the likely worsening wildfire scenarios of the future. Severity of Wildfire While a fire is actively burning, its impact can be measured several ways. The size of a fire is often typically communicated to the public by the number of acres burned. Within the first responder community, wildfires are categorized by the complexity of a response using Incident Command System (ICS) typing. Table 18-2 describes the factors of a wildfire response that delineate incident type, with Type 1 is the most resource-intensive. Table 18-1 Incident Command System (ICS) for wildfire response Type 5: Type 4: Type 3: Type 2: Type 1: Very small wildland fire only Short duration Few resources assigned (generally less than 6 people) Little complexity Initial attack or first response to an incident Few resources are used (several individuals or a single strike team) Normally limited to one operational period Extended initial attack on wildland fires Resources may vary from several single resources to several task forces or strike teams May extend into another operational period (12 hours), and require an IAP Large number of resources utilized Incident extends into multiple operational periods Significant logistical support is required Multi-agency and national resources Large number of personnel and equipment are assigned to the incident It is a large, complex incident 11 FEMA, “Wildfire” National Risk Index (n.d.): https://hazards.fema.gov/nri/wildfire AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 18: Wildfire 18-8 Wildfire intensity is the amount of energy or heat given off by a forest fire at a specific point in time. • Low Intensity: Flames are low, staying close to the ground making the fire spread slowly. Not much heat is produced which makes it more manageable. • Moderate Intensity: Flames are a bit higher but only by a few inches so the fire spreads at moderate speed with moderate heat produced. • High Intensity: Flames are high and can be tough to control. The fire moves considerably faster and can be a challenge. The heat coming from the fire has noticeably increased in temperature. • Extreme Intensity: Flames are extremely high, towering above everything. The fire spreads extremely fast and is hard to predict. The substantial heat generated poses a significant threat to people and nature. The intensity of a wildfire is a key indicator of the fire’s severity, or the measure of a fire’s impact on the area burned. A low intensity fire may burn low-level vegetation but leave trees intact, so forests can quickly rebound. Conversely, a high or extreme intensity fire can destroy the flora of an entire area, leaving a lengthy road to recovery. AQI for PM2.5 – Smoke According to the Washington Department of Ecology, wildfire smoke is the largest source of particle pollution in Washington.12 The effects of smoke exposure range from eye and respiratory tract irritation to more serious health problems including reduced lung function, bronchitis, asthma exacerbation, heart failure, and premature death. People with existing heart and lung diseases, older adults, children and pregnant women are especially at risk of smoke-related health problems. The Puget Sound Clean Air Agency monitors air quality and communicates the level of unhealthiness with the Air Quality Index, which tracks concentrations of several pollutants including PM2.5.13 In 2017, and especially 2018, smoke from wildfires inundated Seattle, causing unhealthy air quality. This was due to wind patterns that blew smoke from fires in British Columbia, Oregon, 12 WA Department of Ecology, “Wildfire smoke information” (n.d.): https://ecology.wa.gov/air-climate/air- quality/smoke-fire/wildfire-smoke 13 US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),“Technical Assistance Document for the Reporting of Daily Air Quality – the Air Quality Index (AQI)” (May 2024): https://document.airnow.gov/technical-assistance-document-for-the- reporting-of-daily-air-quailty.pdf AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 18: Wildfire 18-9 and Eastern Washington into the region. Warmer summers will increase the number of fires and with more fires, more smoky days are likely.14 Table 18-2 Sensitive Groups and the Air Quality Index According to the Washington Department of Ecology, wildfire smoke is the largest source of particle pollution in Washington.15 The effects of smoke exposure range from eye and respiratory tract irritation to more serious health problems including reduced lung function, bronchitis, asthma exacerbation, heart failure, and premature death. People with existing heart and lung diseases, older adults, children and pregnant women are especially at risk of smoke-related health problems. The Puget Sound Clean Air Agency monitors air quality and communicates the level of unhealthiness with the Air Quality Index, which tracks concentrations of several pollutants including PM2.5.16 In 2022, smoke from the Bolt Creek Fire and other area fires reduced air quality in the region to the worst in the world for multiple days.17 According to a health impact assessment by University of Washington researchers, a similar smoke episode in 2020 contributed to an estimated 92 excess deaths, several of which could have been prevented with reduced exposure to PM2.5.18 Wildfire smoke is particularly dangerous when a wildfire burns through the WUI, because the smoke contains fine particular matter along with toxins released 14 Greg Gilbert, “Smoky Seattle summers: expect more of them, scientists say” The Seattle Times (August 2018): https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/smoky-seattle-summers-expect-more-of-them-scientists-say/. 15 WA Department of Ecology, “Wildfire smoke information” (n.d.): https://ecology.wa.gov/air-climate/air- quality/smoke-fire/wildfire-smoke 16 US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),“Technical Assistance Document for the Reporting of Daily Air Quality – the Air Quality Index (AQI)” (May 2024): https://document.airnow.gov/technical-assistance-document-for-the- reporting-of-daily-air-quailty.pdf 17 Michelle Baruchman, “Seattle air quality among worst in world” Seattle Times (October 2022): https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/environment/seattle-air-quality-among-worst-in-world/ 18 A. Doubleday, A, et. al., “Mortality associated with wildfire smoke exposure in Washington state, 2006‐2017: A case‐crossover study” Environmental Health, 19(1) (2022): https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8101535/#gh2228-bib-0012 AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 18: Wildfire 18-10 from burning household hazardous materials, vehicles, and structures.19 Warmer summers will increase the number of fires and with more fires, more smoky days are likely.20 Cascading Impacts Post-wildfire flooding, landslides, and mudslides are deadly cascading impacts that result from extreme wildfires in areas with steep slopes and are a serious threat to King County. Soils in areas burned by fire not only lose their stabilizing vegetation but can also become hydrophobic (water repelling), leading to massive water runoff that carries debris down slopes and into nearby waterways. This can lead to large debris flows and mudslides when heavy rains occur that damage infrastructure and communities downstream for several years after a fire. A fire in one of the foothills communities could cause major mudflows and devastating flooding in communities in the watershed impacted by the fire and through which rivers and creeks pass. Communities with existing flood risk, such as along the Snoqualmie River, are especially vulnerable. Following a wildfire, experts from the US Geological Survey and/or Washington DNR can conduct assessments on burned areas to determine the likelihood of major debris flows from a burned area.21 18.4 Previous Occurrences Modern recordkeeping on wildfires did not begin until the 20th century, so occurrences of major fires before then in King County are not well documented. However, several high-intensity fires similar to those anticipated here have been recorded on the west side of the Cascades. Table 18-4 notes past wildfires in King County that have burned at least 100 acres of timber. Table 18-3 Previous large wildfire events in King County, 1893 - 2024 Date Event Name Description September 1, 1893 n/a Several large, human-caused wildfires sparked during windy conditions and burned from Snoqualmie Pass to Skykomish. No acreage burned recorded.22 19 https://phys.org/news/2023-06-toxic-emissions-wildland-urban-interface.html 20 Gilbert, Greg. “Smoky Seattle summers: expect more of them, scientists say” The Seattle Times (August 2018): https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/smoky-seattle-summers-expect-more-of-them-scientists-say/. 21 US Geological Survey (USGS), “Miriam Fire Preliminary Hazard Assessment” (2018): https://landslides.usgs.gov/hazards/postfire_debrisflow/detail.php?objectid=224. 22 Living Snoqualmie, Honoring Our Valley History: Past Fires of the Snoqualmie Valley” Snoqualmie Valley Info (October 2022): https://prod.livingsnoqualmie.com/honoring-our-valley-history-past-fires-of-the-snoqualmie- valley/ AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 18: Wildfire 18-11 May 31, 1922 n/a A human-caused wildfire started during a windy day in eastern King County and destroyed half the town of Cedar Falls. No acreage burned recorded.23 September 1, 2009 Lemah Fire A fire sparked in the Alpine Lakes Wilderness and burned approximately 600 acres.24 August 11, 2017 Quarry Fire A wildfire started 30 miles northwest of North Bend and burned 243 acres.25 The response cost $1,089,194. September 4, 2017 Sawmill Creek Fire A fire started in the Green River Watershed burned 1,061 acres.26 The response cost $4,500,000. *September 7, 2020 Labor Day Fires This series of fires was preceded by dry conditions and a synoptic east-wind event, and the fires that sparked burned approximately 840,160 acres in two weeks.27 The fires prompted evacuation orders to 90,000 people and resulted in millions of dollars in damage.28 September 8, 2020 Fish Fire A fire southeast of Enumclaw burned approximately 150 acres during the Norse Creek Fire. August 18, 2022 Murphy Lake Fire A fire sparked by a lightning strike on August 18th grew to 170 acres, temporarily closing a section of the Pacific Crest Trail.29 23 Washington Forest Protection Association (WFPA), “A Chronology of the First 100 Years of the Washington Forest Protection Association 1908-2008” History Link (n.d.): https://www.wfpa.org/wp- content/uploads/2022/11/100-Year-Chronology-small-file.pdf 24 The Associated Press, “Fire closes part of Pacific Crest Trail in central Cascades” Seattle Times (September 2009): https://www.seattletimes.com/life/outdoors/fire-closes-part-of-pacific-crest-trail-in-central-cascades/ 25 Northwest Interagency Coordinator Center (NWCC), “Northwest Annual Fire Report” (2017): https://gacc.nifc.gov/nwcc/content/pdfs/archives/2017_NWCC_Annual_Fire_Report_FINAL.pdf 26 USDA, “Sawmill Creek Fire Update” USFS (September 2017): https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/mbs/news- events/?cid=FSEPRD558196 27 Matthew J. Reilly, et al., “Cascadia Burning: The historic, but not historically unprecedented, 2020 wildfires in the Pacific Northwest, USA” Ecosphere (2022): https://www.fs.usda.gov/pnw/pubs/journals/pnw_2022_reilly001.pdf 28 Emily Fales, Daniel Donato, “Key Insights for Wildfire Management in Western Washington: Fire Regime and Forest Structure” Forest Stewardship Notes (February 2024): https://foreststewardshipnotes.wordpress.com/2024/02/06/key-insights-for-wildfire-management-in-western- washington-fire-regime-and-forest-structure/ 29 Northwest Interagency Coordinator Center (NWCC), “Northwest Annual Fire Report” (2017): https://gacc.nifc.gov/nwcc/content/pdfs/archives/2017_NWCC_Annual_Fire_Report_FINAL.pdf AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 18: Wildfire 18-12 September 9, 2022 Bolt Creek Fire September 9, the fire started 1.5 miles north of Skykomish, prompted evacuations, and burned approximately 14,766 acres in the Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest.30 October 16, 2022 Loch Katrine Fire A wildfire spread during a Red Flag Warning 35 miles east of Seattle and burned 2,000 acres.31 18.5 Probability of Future Occurrences As the climate changes, there is a greater likelihood that high temperature and dry conditions will be present along with the already-existing topographic, wind, and fuel conditions necessary to support a large fire. Development is also expected to densify in the wildland-urban interface. The building patterns in these areas are not in accordance with Fire Wise principles and many communities have limited ingress and egress routes. 18.6 Climate Change Considerations As the climate changes, it is expected to lengthen the fire season and increase the likelihood of more wildfire in Western Washington.32 Prolonged summer heat, combined with high density forests and areas of poor forest health, is increasing fire risk. Hotter and drier conditions are two of the three factors that influence fire behavior and make a wildfire significantly more likely to occur in King County. If emissions continue at their current rate, the annual average amount of acres burned in the Pacific Northwest is expected to more than triple by the 2040s.33 18.7 Impact Assessment Public Approximately 6% of King County’s total population (~352,000 people) who live in the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) are more likely to be directly exposed to wildfire than the rest of the county. 30 InciWeb, “10/2/2022 Bolt Creek Fire Update” (October 2022): https://inciweb.wildfire.gov/incident- publication/wanws-bolt-creek-fire/1022022-bolt-creek-fire-update 31 Chris Bentley, “Loch Katrine Fire Swells to over 2,000 Acres Overnight Due to Severe Fire Weather” USDA, USFS (October 2022): https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/mbs/news-events/?cid=FSEPRD1067163 32 Alex W. Dye, et. al., " Simulated Future Shifts in Wildfire Regimes in Moist Forests of Pacific Northwest, USA” AGU (February 2024): https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JG007722 33 H.A. Morgan, et. al, “Managing Western Washington Wildfire Risk in a Changing Climate” UW Climate Impacts Group, Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Center (2019): https://nwcasc.uw.edu/wp- content/uploads/sites/23/2019/04/Managing-Western-Washington-Wildfire-Risk-in-a-Changing-Climate-1.pdf AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 18: Wildfire 18-13 This risk is growing due to climate change and new development in the WUI. It’s also important to note that evacuations cannot be enforced, thus in the event of wildfire outbreak, those who remain in their homes located in or near the WUI are at higher risk. The most frequent impact of wildfires King County residents will experience is exposure to smoke. Wildfire smoke can cause respiratory issues, prevent people from taking part in outdoor activities, and increase emergency department visits. Responders Growing numbers of wildfires will increase risk to firefighters. With an increase in WUI fires, firefighting becomes more complex and dangerous. Also, communities without proper ingress/egress routes further increase risk to firefighters who may be called upon to attempt evacuations in such communities. As climate change exacerbates wildfires across the United States, increasing frequency and severity of fires and extending wildfire season, it increases the strain on firefighting resources. King County’s window of vulnerability to wildfire is near the end of the current wildfire season when resources are waning. If federal or state land management agencies are targeted for staff reductions or significant budget cuts, it will decrease the number of trained responders assigned to protect large portions of land in King County, putting increased pressure on mutual aid. Continuity of operations Most King County government operations and facilities are in the more urban areas of the county and unlikely to be directly impacted by wildfires. However, a major wildfire might occupy most of the region’s first responder capabilities, pulling resources from other sectors and parts of the county through mutual aid. Smoke, which is the most frequent impact of wildfires experienced by King County, can cause an increase in employee absenteeism, put a strain on the health systems, and prompt cancellations of various outdoor activities and events. Property, facilities, and infrastructure Property King County is working on a countywide wildfire risk assessment that will be published in our Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) in 2025. Likely impacts to property include smoke damage to total loss of facilities. Communities built with many homes close together and constructed of flammable materials can be completely burned in a short time, as seen in Paradise, CA, Superior, CO, and Lahaina, HI. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 18: Wildfire 18-14 Facilities Exposure to PM 2.5 is a significant health concern, because the small size of the particle allows people to inhale it deep in the lungs where the particles can directly enter the blood stream. The effects of smoke exposure range from eye and respiratory tract irritation to more serious health problems including reduced lung function, bronchitis, exacerbation of asthma and heart failure, and premature death. During extreme smoke pollution events, public health systems are likely to be burdened by populations suffering respiratory distress. Infrastructure • Energy: Many major transmission lines run through wildland areas. While utilities have their own wildfire mitigation plans and typically keep brush surrounding transmission lines clear, wildfires in King County could damage or destroy these systems. Rural and other interface power lines would be burned in any fire, as has been seen in numerous communities in Eastern Washington. Many utility providers in the West, including Puget Sound Energy, have implemented plans for Public Safety Power Shut-offs (PSPS) to reduce the likelihood that energized lines will start a fire during “red flag” fire conditions, affecting energy customers, especially those reliant on electricity. • Water/Wastewater: Many of King County’s watersheds and primary water reservoirs are in forested areas and could be impacted by wildfire that could burn power supplies to pump stations or the pump stations themselves. Furthermore, post-fire runoff and flooding could damage or pollute reservoirs. • Transportation: Fire can prompt road closures due to visibility concerns, direct contact with fires, and to keep the public away from an evacuated area. Another major risk is post-fire flooding and debris flows that can damage or destroy roads and bridges downstream or downslope from a burned area after a rain. Additionally, SeaTac Airport has had to cancel flights due to poor visibility during wildfire smoke events. • Communications: Cellular communications sites can lose power or be damaged by wildfire. During these events, it may be necessary to deploy cellular on wheels capabilities. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 18: Wildfire 18-15 The environment While wildfires can be beneficial to the landscape, a major wildfire can be damaging in the near term. Fires can pollute water systems and destroy old growth habitat. They can burn over springs and increase evaporation. Following extreme fires, hydrophobic soils make it difficult for plants to regrow in and the runoff over these soils increases the turbidity of local streams, endangering fish and other water animal populations. The economy Wildfire suppression alone is incredibly expensive, with Washington spending an estimated $145.3 million for wildfire suppression in FY 2023.34 A high-severity wildfire impacting structures could cause significant economic impact to an affected community for years. Disaster recovery is a lengthy process and a wildfire would likely result in displacement of residents and impact local housing stock and prices. Economic costs may be felt by a wildfire that does not impact structures as well. Besides suppression costs, the impacts of wildfire smoke inundation is likely to be limited and temporary. For a wildfire he largest impacts on the economy are likely to be indirect, including losses in work days because of poor air quality, interrupted access to various services, and losses in tourist income. Public confidence in governance Wildfire hazards have gained renewed importance in recent years. WUI wildfires are particularly destructive and deadly, and several recent such fires resulted in mistrust of responding institutions, conspiracy theories about fires’ sources, and anger and blame at parties in or near the fire. Government will need to be proactive in managing this hazard, communicating clearly throughout a response, and commit to recovery in order to maintain public confidence, which is difficult to earn and easy to lose. 34 Washington State Legislature, “Emergency Fire Suppression Report for Fiscal Year 2023, Executive Summary for November 2022” Department of Natural Resources (2023): https://app.leg.wa.gov/ReportsToTheLegislature/Home/GetPDF?fileName=Copy%20of%20MONTHLY%20FIRE%20 SUPPRESSION%20REPORT%20FY23_FM17_November_FINAL_1.19.23_3f03aaee-f2de-4a60-ac08- c0d89ef7d331.pdf AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 18: Wildfire 18-16 18.8 Vulnerability Assessment Vulnerable populations Populations suffering from respiratory ailments are at the greatest risk from wildfire since smoke from fire. People with existing heart and lung diseases, older adults, children and pregnant women are especially at risk of smoke-related health problems. Foothills/interface Communities in or around areas at a higher risk of fire, such as those in the foothills of the Cascades, are more susceptible to fire. Fire Footprints Major wildfires leave behind an environment that is more vulnerable to flooding. When rains come, large quantities of water and debris and rush down hillsides and destroy homes and infrastructure while causing flooding in downstream communities. Property There are several factors that put a structure at higher risk of damage from a wildfire. Buildings in the WUI that do not have sufficient defensible space surrounding them are likely to be damaged if directly exposed to wildfire. This includes homes with flammable roofs, proximity to dense brush or timber, or tightly packed neighborhoods with space between buildings. Structures built in interface or intermix areas are more likely to be exposed to fires, including from spotting and embers ahead of a fire. Fires tend to burn up slopes and ridges, endangering structures in those areas. Buildings less than 30 feet from a slope of greater than 30% grade are at risk. Buildings more than five miles away from fire services and with limited pressurized fire hydrant access are more vulnerable. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 18: Wildfire 18-17 Environment A wildfire that burns homes can significantly damage the environment due to numerous quantities of household hazardous materials that burn and release toxins into the air, ash, and soil. Wildfires can harm riparian environments and other critical habitats, and ashfall can decrease water quality. Wildfires are also major carbon emitters. For example, 2023 wildfires in North America released 640 million metric tons of carbon, an amount comparable to annual emissions of a large, industrialized nation.35 Those areas eventually recover the ability to capture and store carbon as they recover. This can take years, however, because mature forests have the greatest carbon storage potential.36 Operations Ingress/Egress Communities with a single route in or out of the area are much more difficult to evacuate. Roads that are less than 24 feet wide, especially those less than 20 feet wide, and those driveways without a turnaround are highest risk. 35 NASA, “New NASA Study Tallies Carbon Emissions from Massive Canadian Fires” (August 2024): https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/new-nasa-study-tallies-carbon-emissions-from-massive-canadian-fires/ 36 NSF, “After the Fire: Studying Forest Recovery and Carbon Storage Potential” (February 2021): https://www.neonscience.org/impact/observatory-blog/after-fire-studying-forest-recovery-and-carbon-storage- potential AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-1 Chapter 19: Capabilities King County includes 39 cities, over 129 special purpose districts, and large unincorporated areas. While each city and special purpose district is responsible for its own hazard mitigation efforts, King County supports these jurisdictions through region-wide services and planning coordination, including efforts associated with land use, emergency management, and floodplain management. County departments involved in hazard mitigation efforts include Executive Services (facilities management, emergency management), Local Services (permitting, roads), Natural Resources and Parks (wastewater, landslides, floodplain management, climate change), and the Office of the Executive (planning). As the lead agency for hazard mitigation, the King County Office of Emergency Management (KCOEM) collaborates with a wide range of partners to advance and support mitigation efforts through its hazard mitigation program. KCOEM actively promotes Hazard Mitigation Assistance grant opportunities, offering technical support to help develop competitive applications. KCOEM also serves on interagency workgroups such as comprehensive planning, climate adaptation, and transportation as a way of promoting consistency in risk assessment and reduction priorities. The focus of the KCOEM’s hazard mitigation program is integration across plans, programs, and departments and jurisdictions. Plan integration ensures that all partners utilize the best available data and align their efforts to support a resilient future. Program integration connects partners with funding sources and resources beyond their individual departments or programs. Departmental and jurisdictional integration builds on the county's role through the Emergency Operations Center (EOC), mobilizing resources to prioritize and implement the most effective hazard mitigation strategies. Hazard Mitigation Program Hazard mitigation is most effective when approached through a systematic program that sets clear priorities and recognizes that building resilience requires widespread, coordinated investments. A cohesive, comprehensive strategy founded on strong partnerships is essential to the success of this program. To support this approach, King County Emergency Management facilitates multi-agency committees, provides technical assistance for federal mitigation grants, aids partners in planning and executing mitigation projects, and continually updates the King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan to ensure it reflects the evolving needs and priorities of the region. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-2 A crucial component of this integration is the capabilities assessment, which evaluates the community’s capacity to reduce or mitigate the impacts of disasters. By conducting this assessment, KCOEM creates a comprehensive toolbox of plans, policies, ordinances, programs, and departmental resources that address identified hazards. This ensures that all partners have a clear understanding of their current capabilities and are equipped to effectively contribute to hazard mitigation efforts. The assessment also serves as a roadmap for refining and enhancing existing plans and ordinances, ensuring they are aligned with the broader hazard mitigation strategy and responsive to evolving risks and needs. 19.1 Plan, Policies, & Ordinances In King County, numerous plans, policies, and ordinances already exist that directly address or influence the impact of hazard risks. These frameworks serve as a foundation for guiding mitigation efforts, integrating risk reduction into everyday decisions, and ensuring that communities can effectively reduce hazard vulnerabilities. Gaps in policies for King County is National 2021 Wildlife Urban Interface (WUI) Code. Washington state parts of the 2021 code in March 2024, however, jurisdictions are waiting to adopt the code until new WUI mapping and amendments can be developed. Table 19-1 Plans, policies, and ordinances capabilities Plans, Policies, & Ordinances Description Lead Agency 30-Year Forest Plan 2021 King County 30-Year Forest Plan provide a shared county-wide vision for rural and urban forest cover and forest health. DNRP Building and Development Codes Building and development codes are adopted and modified from the 2021 IBC by Washington State Building Code Council and King County. These codes help ensure that new construction and substantial improvements meet international standards, accounting for our hazard risk. Department of Local Services (DLS) – Permitting Division Build Code Effectiveness Grading Schedule (BCEGS) In November 2023, the Washington Surveying and Rating Bureau (WSRB) gave King County the BCEGS rating of Class 4 for commercial properties and Class 4 for one- and two-family dwellings. DSL AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-3 Clean Water and Health Habitat Strategic Plan The 2020-2025 CWHH Strategic Plan seeks to establish a strategic alignment across all plans that impact clean water and healthy habitat in order to achieve “greater impact through clearer definition, smarter investment, partnerships, and innovation.” This process is just starting, and it includes over 20 separate plans and programs. Department of Natural Resources and Parks Community Wildfire Protection Plan The Office of Emergency Management is currently building upon the 2022 King County Wildfire Risk Reduction Strategy to develop the King County's first Wildfire Protection Plan. KCOEM Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) The CEMP is for use by elected and appointed County officials, and King County government department directors, managers and staff in mitigating, preparing for, responding to, and recovering from disasters. (2020) KCOEM Comprehensive Plan The 2024 King County Comprehensive Plan is the long-range guiding policy document for all land use and development regulations in unincorporated King County, and for regional services throughout the County including transit, sewers, parks, trails and open space. • Encourage updates to the critical areas ordinance • Provide feedback and comments on the plan Executive's Office Continuity of Government (COG) Plan The King County Continuity of Government (COG) Plan addresses the continuation, resumption, and recovery of King County Government, and focuses on critical areas pertaining to government continuity: Succession of leadership Emergency authority Command and control All KC agencies AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-4 The COG Plan identifies how the responsibilities of King County Government, as defined by the Washington State Constitution and the King County Charter, will be preserved, maintained, or reconstructed in the event of a disaster or other event. Much of the content of the COG Plan is derived from or a direct excerpt of provisions in the King County Charter and King County Code. Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) The purpose of King County's Continuity of Operations (COOP) Plans are to provide the framework for the restoration of essential functions/processes in the event of an emergency or incident that affects operations. COOP plans identify and prioritize essential functions and processes that must continue, and include activation procedures, establishing clear lines of succession, defining who has the authority to make decisions, identifying alternate locations, and managing vital records. COOP plans help us remain resilient and capable of maintaining critical operations, even under challenging circumstances. All KC agencies Critical Area Ordinance The critical areas ordinance requires the identification of geologically-hazardous and frequently-flooded areas. These areas must either be protected from development or any development in these areas must be designed to account for hazard risk. Supplemental changes to the ordinance are being incorporated into the updated 2024 King County Comprehensive Plan. DLS Critical Facilities Plan (Mitigation/Response/Recovery) Capital facilities plans identify and prioritize large-scale projects. Entities involved in this include the King County Facilities Management Division and the King County Flood Control District. Various AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-5 • Integrate mitigation strategies from capital plans • Encourage the use of hazard information to prioritize capital improvements • Support county departments with funding gaps in accessing Hazard Mitigation Assistance to complete or expand projects that are identified as important but are unfunded or partially funded. Debris Removal Plan The 2024 KC Debris Management Framework is intended to aid all of King County and its departments, including individual jurisdictions, special purpose districts, and tribes within the county. This framework will be used to support debris management activities in unincorporated King County and when individual jurisdictions, special purpose districts, and tribes within King County become overwhelmed or when there is need to coordinate resources among the various entities requesting assistance. It is intended to facilitate rapid response and recovery efforts during and after a disaster. DNRP Equity and Social Justice Ordinance King County has deep and persistent inequities – especially by race and place–that in many cases are getting worse and threaten our collective prosperity. Launched by King County Executive Ron Sims in 2008 and formalized by Executive Dow Constantine and the Metropolitan King County Council via ordinance in 2010, Equity and Social Justice (ESJ) is an integrated part of the County’s work and is supported by the Office of Equity and Social Justice since it was established in early 2015. King County Executive’s Office, Office of Equity and Social Justice AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-6 Equity and Social Justice Plan The 2016-2022 Equity and Social Justice Strategic Plan is a blueprint for action and change that will guide the county’s pro-equity policy direction, decision- making, planning, operations and services, and workplace practices in order to advance equity and social justice within County government and in partnership with communities. • Follow guidance in the ESJ plan for the prioritization of strategies • Develop information on populations vulnerable to hazards and share with ESJ planning teams Executive's Office Extreme Heat Mitigation Strategy The 2024 Extreme Heat Mitigation Strategy focuses on reducing risks associated with extreme heat events, particularly for vulnerable populations in urban heat islands. ECO Flood Management Plan The 2024 King County Flood Management Plan is a functional annex of the comprehensive plan. It outlines the County’s approach to comprehensive floodplain management including land use planning, flood mitigation efforts, and flood protection facilities management. • Work with department responsible for floodplain management to write the flood risk assessment. • Work with local CRS coordinators to ensure the mitigation plan is worth the maximum number of points. DNRP Floodplain Ordinance Flood hazard areas covered by King County’s regulations include the floodplain, FEMA Special Flood Hazard Area, King County zero-rise flood fringe and zero-rise floodway, and channel migration zones. King County’s flood hazard reduction policies, as they relate to land use and regulatory compliance, are as follows: Consistent with prerequisites for FEMA’s CRS program, King County shall regulate development DNRP AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-7 that occurs in flood-prone areas to avoid and minimize damage to life and property and necessary public infrastructure, support other Washington State Growth Management Act (GMA) and King County Comprehensive Plan policy goals, accommodate preferred land uses outlined by the Shoreline Management Act, . King County should look for opportunities to improve, modify, or relocate existing county roads to ensure safe ingress and egress during flood events. Growth Management Ordinance incorporated into the King County Comprehensive Plan. The state of Washington also has the Growth Management Act. Executive's Office National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) The County’s National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) municipal stormwater permit, which contains specific requirements for drainage review and inspection of development projects. In addition to the manual’s standards being applied throughout the unincorporated areas, many cities throughout King County have adopted the manual and apply its standards as part of their local permitting processes. DNRP Post-Disaster Recovery Plan The Office of Emergency Management is currently using the 2016 King County Recovery Framework to develop the King County Disaster Recovery Plan. KCOEM AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-8 Public Health Plans Public Health – Seattle & King County’s 2024-2029 strategic plan describes how we will meet the most persistent and urgent health challenges facing King County, embed Racism is a Public Health Crisis into our everyday work, and strengthen our core functions to protect and promote health. PHSKC Sea Level Rise Risk Area Regulation King County created a new sea level rise risk area for Vashon-Maury Island. The risk area extends inland from the edge of the existing 100-year floodplain. Under these new regulations, new homes built in the risk area must be built three feet above the 100-year base flood elevation and comply with other floodplain regulations. DNRP Stormwater Management Program Plan (SWMP) The King County Stormwater Program Plan is updated annually and guides the many activities King County implements to manage stormwater. These include mapping the municipal stormwater system, coordination among county departments to eliminate barriers to compliance with stormwater requirements, controlling runoff from new development and redevelopment, updating design standards and stormwater management regulations, and operations and maintenance of the stormwater system. DNRP Strategic Climate Action Plan The 2020 King County’s Strategic Climate Action Plan (SCAP) is a five-year blueprint for County action to confront climate change, integrating climate change into all areas of County operations and its work in the community. The SCAP is King County’s blueprint for climate action and provides a “one-stop-shop” for county decision-makers, employees, and the general public to learn about the Executive Office AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-9 County’s climate change goals, priorities and commitments. • Inter-workgroup participation • Integrated mitigation strategies • Consistent risk assessments Strategic Plan for Road Services The 2014 Road Services Strategic Plan lays out system needs and anticipated service levels and an asset management approach to road maintenance and improvement. • Integrate mitigation strategies DLS Surface Water Design Manual King County’s Surface Water Design Manual is a technical guide that outlines requirements for stormwater management systems in King County. It regulates proposed surface and stormwater projects through a mixture of best management practices (BMPs), performance standards, and design standards. DNRP Sustainable & Resilient Frontline Communities (SRFC) Framework Sustainable & Resilient Frontline Communities (SRFC) Framework ensures that climate preparedness efforts address the disproportionate impacts of climate change on frontline communities. ECO Threats and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA) The Threats and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA) is a three- year process which helps a region determine what threats and hazards the are likely to experience, provides context on those threats and hazards for planning purposes, identifies potential impacts to the region, and identifies current and desired capabilities for KCOEM AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-10 responding to and recovering from those threats and hazards. The THIRA uses a combination of experience and Subject Matter Expertise as well as documented capabilities and gaps, such as in After-Action Reports, to articulate the regions readiness. The gaps listed in the THIRA are often used as areas to seek additional funding to build capacity and close gaps. 19.2 Programs The hazard mitigation planning process has engaged participants from across these programs in order to establish a common assessment of hazards, identify potential mitigation strategies, partnerships for future projects, and to assess county capabilities to implement mitigation projects. The list below identifies King County programs that support and implement hazard mitigation and assesses the effectiveness of each. Table 19-2 Program and special district capabilities Programs & Special Districts Description Lead Agency ALERT King County ALERT King County is a regional emergency public information and mass notification service that uses voice, text, and email. Alerts can be sent to the public to inform them about potential hazards and threats in the area. The system is administered through CodeRed. KCOEM Flood Buyout Program Any structure located in a flood-prone area of unincorporated King County may be eligible for this program. Buyouts are appropriate in areas where there is deep, fast-moving water, serious bank erosion, and significant risk of channel migration. Priority applicants for the Buyout Program are: structures located in the floodway, structures located in the channel migration zone, and FEMA Repetitive Loss Properties. DNRP Hazard Awareness Program King County’s Public Education & Outreach program supports emergency preparedness by integrating an all-hazards approach across KCOEM AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-11 prevention, response, recovery, and mitigation. It provides strategic outreach and education support to KCOEM’s emergency planning and operations while engaging both government stakeholders and community members. Through initiatives such as public input processes, open houses, and the creation of educational materials, the program empowers residents to understand and manage risks. Hazard Mitigation The hazard mitigation program works with partners across county departments and local jurisdictions to coordinate and promote hazard mitigation projects. The program also coordinates applications to federal Hazard Mitigation Assistance grant programs and conducts hazard mitigation planning for the county in partnership with local jurisdictions and special-purpose districts. KCOEM King County Conservation District The King County Conservation District is an independent special purpose district with separately-elected commissioners. It promotes water, land, soil, and forest conservation and preservation and conducts wildfire risk reduction activities. King County Conservation District King County Flood Control District In 2007, the King County Flood Control District was established to provide a proactive, regional approach to flooding as well as funding to improve the county's nearly 500 aging and inadequate flood protection facilities. Funding for the Flood Control District comes from a county-wide property levy of 12.9 cents per $1,000 assessed value. This amounts to $54 per year on a $416,000 home. The levy raises roughly $54.5 million a year. This funding dramatically increases the number of projects that can be completed each year. The additional local funding also enhances the District's ability to receive federal and state matching funds. The King County Flood Control District is a separate special purpose district. King County Flood Control District AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-12 Land Use Planning and Zoning Land use planning and zoning establishes growth and land use patterns that are consistent with long-range plans and supported by infrastructure. King County Executive’s Office Landslide Hazards The Landslide Hazards program conducts mapping and outreach associated with landslide risk. DNRP Water and Land Resources Division Mutual Aid Agreement King County’s mutual aid strategy was originally outlined in the Regional Coordination Framework and included an omnibus document that later became known as “the Agreement.” While the broader strategy is now being incorporated into the county’s Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP), the Agreement remains a separate, binding document. The Agreement outlines the obligations and basic procedures for resource sharing between entities that have signed on. This framework ensures that during emergencies, all parties understand their roles and responsibilities in facilitating mutual aid. By maintaining the Agreement alongside the evolving CEMP, King County reinforces a structured and coordinated approach to emergency response. Ultimately, this dual approach strengthens the county’s overall emergency management capabilities. KCOEM National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Communities that participate in the National Flood Insurance Program adopt a floodplain management code in exchange for FEMA making flood insurance available to residents and businesses. DNRP, DLS – Permitting Division NFIP Community Rating System (CRS) The CRS program rewards communities that have established exceptional floodplain management programs and undertaken certain activities to reduce flood risk. King County is one of the highest rated communities in the country. The program provides NFIP policyholders in floodplains with a discount of up to 40% on their insurance. DNRP DLS KCEM AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-13 Puget Sound Climate Preparedness Collaborative King County advances climate resilience through collaborative initiatives such as the Puget Sound Climate Preparedness Collaborative. This initiative strengthens the regional partnerships to advance climate preparedness and foster cross-jurisdictional coordination across the Puget Sound basin. ECO RainWise Rebate Program RainWise helps private property owners install rain gardens and cisterns to help manage the rain that falls on their roofs. These installations can also add attractive landscaping, provide water for summer irrigation, and may reduce flooding. RainWise rebates cover most or all of the cost of installing cisterns and rain gardens on private properties in eligible combined sewer overflow basins. The average rebate is approximately $4,740. DNRP Regional Code Collaboration (RCC) Jurisdictions across the Puget Sound Region work together to share resources and expertise to develop codes, policies, and tools supporting sustainable building practices that can be adopted/utilized locally. DNRP ShakeAlert The USGS ShakeAlert Earthquake Early Warning system sends a warning to mobile phone users that shaking is about to occur. The system uses ground-motion sensors to detect earthquakes that have already started and estimates their size, location, and impact. When it detects a significant magnitude, the system issues a ShakeAlert® Message, providing a warning a few seconds before shaking begins. USGS, PNSN AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-14 Shoreline Master Program King County has nearly 2,000 miles of shoreline along major lakes and rivers and Vashon-Maury Island. These shorelines provide habitat for fish and wildlife, places for public enjoyment and space for wide- ranging waterfront land uses. The Shoreline Master Program helps preserve King County’s nearly 2,000 miles of shoreline, thereby reducing risk to hazards including sea-level rise. DLS – Permitting Division StormReady StormReady is an NWS planning tool to become better prepared for hazardous weather events. To become StormReady, the county had to meet specific criteria, such as having a 24-hour emergency operations center, providing severe weather notifications to residents, conducting public awareness programs, and maintaining a trained team of weather spotters. The goal is to enhance the county's readiness to respond to severe weather events, ensuring public safety and effective communication during storms. National Weather Service (NWS) The Integrated Public Alert & Warning System (IPAWS) IPAWS is FEMA's national system for local alerting that provides authenticated emergency and life-saving information to the public through mobile phones using Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA), to radio and television via the Emergency Alert System (EAS), and on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Weather Radio. KCOEM 19.2.1 NFIP Participation The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) provides federally backed flood insurance in exchange for communities enacting floodplain regulations. Participation and good standing under NFIP are prerequisites to grant funding eligibility under the Robert T. Stafford Act. The County and most of the partner cities for this plan participate in the NFIP and have adopted regulations that meet the NFIP requirements. Many cities in King County have mapped flood hazard areas, and 37 of the 39 incorporated municipalities participate in the NFIP; all are currently in good standing with the provisions of the AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-15 NFIP. The five jurisdictions that do not currently participate in NFIP are Beaux Arts Village, Hunts Point, Maple Valley, Newcastle and Yarrow Point. Except for Newcastle, these communities have no special flood hazard areas. Participants in the NFIP must, at a minimum, regulate development in floodplain areas in accordance with NFIP criteria. Communities participating in the NFIP may adopt regulations that are more stringent than those contained in 44 CFR 60.3, but not less stringent. The Washington State Building Code Act requires new construction to be elevated to 1 foot above the base flood elevation or to the design flood elevation, whichever is higher. Some communities in King County have adopted more stringent standards. For example, a 3-foot freeboard (height above the 100-year flood elevation) is standard for most structures in unincorporated King County. Additionally, in the Puget Sound watershed, communities are required to regulate development in floodplains in a way that doesn’t cause habitat loss or negative impacts to Chinook, coho, and steelhead salmon species. This is part of the FEMA/NOAA Biological Opinion related to communities’ participation in the National Flood Insurance Program. In Washington State, the Department of Ecology is the coordinating agency for floodplain management. Ecology works with FEMA and local governments by providing grants and technical assistance, evaluating community floodplain management programs, reviewing local floodplain ordinances, and participating in statewide flood hazard mitigation planning. Compliance is monitored by FEMA regional staff and by Ecology. Maintaining compliance under the NFIP is an important component of flood risk reduction. All planning partners that participate in the NFIP have identified initiatives to maintain their compliance and good standing. Planning partners who do not currently participate have identified initiatives to consider enrollment in the program. Table 19-3 King County NFIP Participants Community Name NFIP Participation Curr Eff Map Date Reg-Emer Date Algona No (NSFHA) 5/25/1978 Auburn Yes 8/19/2020 6/1/1981 Beaux Arts Village No (NSFHA) 2/4/2000 Bellevue Yes 8/19/2020 12/1/1978 Black Diamond Yes 8/19/2020 10/30/1979 Bothell Yes 8/19/2020 6/1/1982 Burien Yes 8/19/2020 9/30/1994 AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-16 Carnation Yes 8/19/2020 3/4/1980 Clyde Hill No (NSFHA) 11/3/2008 Covington Yes 8/19/2020 4/19/2001 Des Moines Yes 8/19/2020 5/15/1980 Duvall Yes 8/19/2020 6/4/1980 Enumclaw Yes 8/19/2020 8/19/2020 Federal Way Yes 8/19/2020 6/21/1996 Hunts Point No (NSFHA) 1/11/2022 Issaquah Yes 8/19/2020 5/1/1980 Kenmore Yes 8/19/2020 11/13/1998 Kent Yes 8/19/2020 4/1/1981 King County Yes 8/19/2020 9/29/1978 Kirkland Yes 8/19/2020 6/15/1981 Lake Forest Park Yes 8/19/2020 2/15/1980 Maple Valley No Medina No (NSFHA) 3/16/1979 Mercer Island Yes (NSFHA) 6/30/1997 Milton No (NSFHA) Muckleshoot Indian Tribe No Newcastle Yes 8/19/2020 9/15/2021 Normandy Park Yes 8/19/2020 11/2/1977 North Bend Yes 8/19/2020 8/1/1984 Pacific Yes 8/19/2020 12/2/1980 AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-17 Redmond Yes 8/19/2020 2/1/1979 Renton Yes 8/19/2020 5/5/1981 Sammamish Yes 8/19/2020 5/25/2000 SeaTac Yes 8/19/2020 9/30/1994 Seattle Yes 8/19/2020 Shoreline Yes 8/19/2020 3/4/1997 Skykomish Yes 8/19/2020 7/2/1981 Snoqualmie Indian Tribe Yes 8/19/2020 5/11/2007 Snoqualmie Yes 8/19/2020 7/5/1984 Tukwila Yes 8/19/2020 8/3/1981 Woodinville Yes 8/19/2020 10/10/1997 Yarrow Point No 19.2.2 CRS Participation The Community Rating System is a voluntary program within the NFIP that encourages floodplain management activities that exceed the minimum NFIP requirements and rewards discounts to ratepayers in participating communities. King County is a Class 2 community. Flood insurance premiums are discounted to reflect the reduced flood risk resulting from community actions meeting the following three goals of the CRS: • Reduce flood losses. • Facilitate accurate insurance rating. • Promote awareness of flood insurance. For participating communities, flood insurance premium rates are discounted in increments of 5 percent. For example, a Class 1 community receives a 45-percent premium discount, and a Class 9 community receives a 5-percent discount. (Class 10 communities are those that do not participate in the CRS; they receive no discount.) The CRS classes are based on 18 creditable activities in the following categories: • Public information AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-18 • Mapping and regulations • Flood damage reduction • Flood preparedness As of this writing, there are 10 CRS-rated communities in King County. Table 19-4 King County CRS Participation Community Name    Class    % Discount in SFHA      % Discount in non-SFHA Auburn 5 25% 10% Bellevue 5 25% 10% Issaquah 5 25% 10% Kent 5 25% 10% North Bend 5 25% 10% Renton 5 25% 10% Snoqualmie 5 25% 10% Carnation 6 20% 5% Redmond 5 25% 10% King County 2 40% 10% 19.2.3 Flood Warning Program The King County Flood Control District was established in 2007 to regionally manage flood hazards and reduce risk, in partnership with the Department of Natural Resources and Parks’ River and Floodplain Management Section. The newly updated 2024 King County Flood Management Plan drives much of the work that both the District and King County do to reduce flood risk and manage flood-related hazards. King County has a long-established Flood Warning Program that has been monitoring river systems for over 50 years. The King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks’ River and Floodplain Management Section operates a Flood Warning Center that opens 24 hours a day when flooding occurs on any of the river systems with gages. For the Flood Warning Program, the rivers are measured by a “flood phase” system based on real-time flow information. When a river reaches flood phase 2, the Center opens, coordinates with local, state, and federal agencies, and accepts calls from the public requesting information about flooding. When a river reaches flood phase 3, patrol teams are sent out to monitor flood protection facilities and any potential flooding impacts. When a river reaches flood phase 4, additional staff are brought into the Flood Warning Center, sent on flood patrols, and begin to collect damage information in case of a disaster declaration. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-19 Table 19-5 Flood Warning Phase Thresholds Phase South Fork Skykomish River Tolt River Snoqualmie Issaquah Creek Cedar River Green River White River 1 6,000 cfs 2,500 cfs 6,000 cfs 6.5 ft 1,800 cfs 5,000 cfs 4,000 cfs 2 10,000 cfs 3,500 cfs 12,000 cfs 7.5 ft 2,800 cfs 7,000 cfs 5,000 cfs 3 18,000 cfs 5,000 cfs 20,000 cfs 8.5 ft 4,200 cfs 9,000 cfs 7,000 cfs 4 27,000 cfs 8,500 cfs 38,000 cfs 9.0 ft 5,000 cfs 12,000 cfs 9,000 cfs 19.3 Staffing & Departments With over 15,000 employees and dozens of departments and offices, King County has a tremendous capability to implement mitigation projects. Mitigation efforts are underway throughout the county, including such organizations as the Rivers and Floodplain Management Section of DNRP and the Wastewater Treatment Division of DNRP. Staff & Departments Description Lead Agency Building and Development Code Enforcement The Department of Local Services, Permitting Division is the agency that provides land use, building and fire regulatory and operating permits, code enforcement and a limited number of business licenses for unincorporated areas of King County. Other local jurisdictions provide similar services within incorporated areas. The Code Enforcement Section investigates complaints regarding violations of King County Codes (KCC) related to zoning, building, property maintenance, shorelines and critical areas in unincorporated King County. DLS– Permitting Division AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-20 Emergency Operations Center The King County Emergency Operations Center (EOC) serves as the central hub for coordinating emergency response and managing resources during crisis situations. It is operated by KCOEM staff who double as Emergency Management Coordinators. KCOEM Facilities Management Division The Facilities Management Division (FMD) oversees and maintains King County's real estate assets. The Major Projects and Capital Planning section is tasked with efficiently and effectively delivering large-scale projects in alignment with the policy directives of King County government, the facility needs of employees and the public, and for overall service to the community. Part of this includes the development of hazard-resilient facilities. Department of Executive Services, FMD Information Technology KCIT leads the county’s response to, and preparedness for, cyber incidents. KCIT has helped local cities recover from ransomware and other attacks. KCIT Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) The Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) covers all of King County, excluding areas with other emergency plans, such as the City of Seattle, the City of Kent, and regions overseen by a Tribal Emergency Response Committee. Its primary mission is to enhance chemical safety and protect public health and the environment. The LEPC is responsible for developing a community Hazardous Materials Response Plan, conducting annual reviews of this plan, and collecting and maintaining chemical inventory forms and release reports. It also provides chemical inventory information to the public upon request. KCOEM Mapping Specialist (GIS) King County GIS provides analysis support, mapping, and other data to all King County departments. This data is valuable for hazard mitigation planning activities. KCIT AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-21 NFIP Floodplain Administrator The NFIP (National Flood Insurance Program) Floodplain Administrator oversees and managing floodplain management activities including enforcing floodplain regulations and educating the public about flood management. DNRP Office of Risk Management Services Risk Management investigates and resolves claims against King County in a fair and expeditious manner, and also provides internal services to King County agencies, including: • Insurance: King County administers a self- insurance program and purchases a variety of other insurance policies and related services consistent with good risk management practices and the needs of the County. • Contracts: Risk Management advises King County agencies on insurance requirements, indemnification, release, and hold harmless provisions in all types of contracts. Risk Management actively negotiates these provisions and, together with the Prosecuting Attorney's Office, assists agencies in pursuing and tendering claims arising out of contractual relations. • Recovery Services: The recovery section of Risk Management is charged with seeking compensation for damages caused to King County property or injury to King County employees by negligent third parties. • Loss Control Program: The Loss Control Manager works with King County agencies to identify areas of potential loss and recommend strategies to reduce exposure to liability. The Loss Control Program also administers continuing workplace training and education for King County employees. Part of this work includes the development and maintenance of a risk register of events and information on how those events can impact King County. Department of Executive Services Road Services Division Road services builds and maintains over 2000 miles of road and 200 bridges. They are responsible for many mitigation activities, Department of Local Services AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-22 including those related to culvert replacement, pavement preservation, and bridge retrofits. Wastewater Treatment Division Invest in upgrades to pipe and water treatment facilities to make them more resilient to earthquakes, severe weather, flooding, and climate-change. DNRP 19.3.1 Departments and Jurisdiction Coordination Beyond departmental collaboration, King County works with local jurisdictions, special purpose districts, and Tribes to support effective risk reduction. King County coordinates activities related to emergency management and hazard mitigation through two bodies, the Emergency Management Coordinating Committee (EMCC) and the Emergency Management Advisory Committee (EMAC), which are each described in greater detail in the table below. Table 19-6 King County Stakeholder Integration Capabilities Committees Description Membership Emergency Management Coordinating Committee (EMCC) EMCC is charged by the King County Council with coordinating interdepartmental emergency preparedness matters. EMCC works to support departments in developing continuity of operations plans (COOP), preparedness plans, and hazard mitigation plans. It also contributes to after action reports. EMCC has played an important role in the mitigation plan update process for the county by identifying and dedicating key staff to participate in planning and by reviewing and providing feedback on planning team activities. EMCC is made up of internal King County agencies/departments. All county departments are included in the EMCC. The following are those who attend meetings more regularly: • Assessor • Community and Human Services • District Court • Elections • Executive Services • Human Resources • Judicial Administration • Information Technology • King County Council • King County Executive • Local Services • Metro Transit • Natural Resources and Parks • Prosecuting Attorney • Public Health • Public Defender • Sheriff AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-23 • Superior Court Emergency Management Advisory Committee (EMAC) EMAC advises, assists, reviews, and comments on emergency management and homeland security issues, regional planning, and policies. They measure and prioritize core capabilities and recommend homeland security allocations and work products to sustain and enhance preparedness and operational levels. Members, as set forth in code, provide regional and multi- disciplinary perspective, and represent cities, fire service, law enforcement, hospitals, the Port of Seattle, government, special purpose districts, tribes, utilities, non- profit agencies, and the private sector. EMAC is made up of both internal and external partners. The committee is composed of members who represent the following emergency management interests: • Central region EMS and Trauma Care Council • City of Bellevue • City of Kent • City of Renton • City of Seattle • 1 Utility • 1 Faith-Based Organization • 1 Financial Community Organization • American Red Cross • KC DNRP • KC Metro • KC Roads • KC Executive Office • King County Fire Chief’s Association • King County Fire Commissioner’s Association • King County Police Chief’s Association • King County Sheriff’s Office • KC Local Emergency Management Planning Committee • Muckleshoot Tribal Nation • Northwest Healthcare Response Network • Port of Seattle • 1 Private Industry Representative • Public Health Seattle and King County • Puget Sound Educational Services District • Snoqualmie Tribal Nation • Sound Cities Association • Washington Association of Building Officials AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-24 EMAC, in particular, serves as the advisory body designated by the funding requirements to provide input from a stakeholder group. However, the committee's role has evolved over time, influenced by how the federal and state guidelines for distributing funds—specifically the State Homeland Security Grant Program (SHSP)—are structured. Members are tasked with forming a task force to prioritize projects by discipline for submission to the state for competitive funding consideration. EMAC’s involvement primarily focuses on the SHSP, though they are informed about other HSGP awards (excluding UASI, which follows a separate process) for transparency and awareness. 19.4 Potential Funding Sources Hazard mitigation projects are most often completed with funding from capital budgets as part of the normal building and maintenance processes that occur in any jurisdiction. There is also source and use-specific funding, such as that provided by the King County Flood Control District that is part of regular program funding and is highlighted in the program section above. Beyond regular capital funding, there are dedicated mitigation programs operated by state, county, and federal agencies. Table 19-7 Potential sources of hazard mitigation funding Program Lead Agency Description Project Types Federal Programs BUILD Grants Department of Transportation (DOT) Grants support investments in surface transportation infrastructure and are to be awarded on a competitive basis for projects that will have a significant local/regional impact. Transportation and related infrastructure retrofits, including stormwater projects Building Blocks for Sustainable Communities Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) This EPA program provides targeted, technical assistance to communities to develop resilience plans, development plans, sustainability strategies, etc. Planning and feasibility studies Climate Resilience Regional Challenge grant National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) A competitive grant program is focused on collaborative projects that increase the resilience of coastal communities to extreme weather and other climate change impacts, including sea level rise and drought. Coastal flooding, sea level rise, restoration, nature-based improvements AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-25 Community Development Block Grants (CDBG) Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) CDBG funds comprehensive plans, limited infrastructure planning/construction, feasibility studies, community action plans. Income and population restrictions apply. Housing and infrastructure retrofits, feasibility studies, planning Cooperating Technical Partnership Program Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) The program creates partnerships between FEMA and qualified local and state partners to create, maintain, and publicize up-to-date flood and other hazard maps and data. Planning, outreach, feasibility studies Emergency Watershed Protection Program Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) Emergency recovery measures for runoff retardation and erosion prevention to relieve imminent hazards created by a natural disaster. Infrastructure retrofits, slope stabilization, source- water protection, flood risk reduction, erosion prevention Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) Grant Program Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) FMA provides funding to local jurisdictions and states for projects and planning that reduces or eliminates long-term risk of flood damage to structures insured under the NFIP. Flood risk reduction projects that benefit the NFIP, including acquisitions, elevations, and some structural mitigation such as local risk reduction structures and dry floodproofing. Hazard Mitigation Grant Program Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) HMGP is authorized statewide after a disaster declaration and is the most flexible of FEMA’s three mitigation programs. Jurisdictions must have an approved hazard mitigation plan and projects must be cost effective. Most long-term risk- reduction projects that protect against fire, flood, earthquake, and other natural hazards. Post-Fire Hazard Mitigation Grant Program Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Program authorized following a Fire Management Assistance Grant (FMAG) declaration. Program focuses on wildfire risk and post-fire Fire-related mitigation, including defensible space, generators, and post- AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-26 risk mitigation, including fuels reduction and post-fire flood control projects. Program prioritizes the county receiving the FMAG declaration. fire flood risk reduction, planning, feasibility studies State Homeland Security Program (SHSP) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) SHSP is divided up into two sections, the National Priority Area projects are competitive at the state level and voted on by the Homeland Security Coordinators for each region. The remaining funds are allocated direct to each region for them to cover other projects not approved through the National Priority Area projects. All projects must be primarily for counter-terrorism projects. Planning, staffing, counter-terrorism, equipment, training, exercises State & Local Cybersecurity Grant Program (SLCGP) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) SLCGP is a federal program that helps state, local, and tribal governments improve cybersecurity and protect their systems from threats. Firewalls, system testing, cybersecurity monitoring, identity management (multi- factor authentication), training, and policy development. Urban Area Security Initiative (UASI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) The UASI functions through targeted subcommittees that provide grant projects to Urban Area Working Group Voting Members for review and finally to the Core Group for approval. Each of the 5 jurisdictions have one representative at each of these levels. All projects must be primarily for counter-terrorism projects. Planning, staffing, counter-terrorism, equipment, training, exercises Urban and Community Forest Program Department of Agriculture (USDA) Program provides technical, financial, research and educational services to local jurisdictions and organizations for the preservation, protection, and restoration of forestlands. Natural resource protection, public information, planning AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-27 State Programs Community Economic Revitalization Board WA Department of Commerce CERB provides loan funding to local jurisdictions for public infrastructure to support private business growth and expansion. Infrastructure retrofits, public- private partnerships Combined Water Quality Funding Program WA Department of Ecology Fund sources for projects associated with publicly-owned wastewater and stormwater facilities. The integrated program also funds nonpoint source pollution control activities. Drinking-water system improvements, feasibility studies, source-water protection, infrastructure retrofits Drinking Water State Revolving Fund WA Department of Health The Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) provides loans to drinking water systems to pay for infrastructure improvements. In some cases, partial loan forgiveness is offered. Infrastructure retrofits, source- water protection, planning, drinking- water system improvements Estuary and Salmon Restoration Program WA Department of Fish and Wildlife (DFW) ESRP provides funding restoration and protection efforts in Puget Sound, including projects such as flood storage, erosion control, and climate resilience measures. Acquisitions, slope stabilization, flood risk reduction projects, ecosystem restoration FireWise Fuel Mitigation Grant Program WA Department of Natural Resources The Fuel Mitigation Grant provides a cost share for communities engaged in defensible space and fuels reduction projects. Wildfire fuels reduction, defensible space Flood Control Assistance Account Program (FCAAP) WA Department of Ecology FCAAP provides two types of grants to communities; (1) planning grant, which supports integrated flood hazard management planning by communities. this planning has to be related to a new or existing comprehensive flood hazard management plan or CFHMP; and (2) emergency grant that supports local emergency response activities. Planning, mapping, permitting, engagement, response, recovery, federal match AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-28 Floodplains by Design WA Department of Ecology Floodplains by Design is the primary grant program for projects that reduce flood hazards while restoring the natural functions that Washington rivers and floodplains provide. Slope stabilization, ecosystem recovery, flood-risk recovery Public Works Board WA Department of Commerce Low-interest loans for pre- construction or new construction for replacement/repair of infrastructure for stormwater, solid waste, road, or bridge projects. Emergency loans are available for public projects made necessary by a disaster or imminent threat to public health and safety. Utility and infrastructure retrofits Source Water Protection Grant Program WA Department of Health Projects and studies to identify solutions to source water protection problems, implement protection plans, or update data that directly benefits source water protection. Source-water protection, drinking water system improvements, other retrofits, feasibility studies Transportation Improvement Board WA Transportation Improvement Board TIB makes and manages street construction and maintenance grants to 320 cities and urban counties. Infrastructure retrofits, flood risk reduction Local Programs Community Climate Resilience Grant Program King County The CCR Grant Program funds community-based climate justice projects in communities disproportionally impacted by climate change. Community capacity development, public health, emergency preparedness, heat mitigation Flood Control District Flood Reduction Grants King County Flood Control District The Flood Reduction Grants target medium and small local flood reduction projects including projects where the control of stormwater will have a direct benefit in reducing flooding. Eligible applicants include Projects can address either existing or potential flooding and proposals should show that the flooding has current AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-29 homeowners, special districts, tribes, cities, and county agencies. or potential economic impacts. General Budget King County The two-year King County budget for 2019-2020 was approximately $11.6 billion dollars. Approximately 15% of this money makes up the general fund. Major Expenditures are: Metro Transit (21%), Wastewater (14%), Health & Human Services (13%), and Law, Safety, & Justice (12%). There are ~15,000 full-time-equivalent (FTE) county employees with most employed in Transit (35%), Criminal Justice (25%), and Public Health (9%). Various Loss Control Fund King County Office of Risk Management The Loss Control Fund is for internal county projects and is limited to emergent risks where advance planning and budgeting were unavailable. $2M has been appropriated for the 2019-2020 biennium. Emergent risks, to include likely infrastructure failure Conservation Futures Tax levy King County DNRP Conservation Futures is an open space acquisition grant program. Our grants help buy parks and open spaces such as natural lands, urban greenspaces, forests, community gardens, farms, and trails. Land acquisitions Parks Levy King County Revenue generated by the parks levy goes to fund open space protection, new parks, trails, and other assets. This funding could theoretically be used for the acquisition of threatened properties for preservation as open space. Acquisition of high- hazard properties for preservation as open space Non-Government Organization (NGO) Programs American Cities Grant Kresge Foundation Kresge Foundation seek efforts that will result in expanded opportunity for city residents, engage the community in a meaningful way, Varies AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-30 have potential for long-term sustainability or community impact, and have potential for scalability or translation to other communities. We use an array of funding and investment tools to foster change, including project grants, operating support, planning grants and program-related investments. Cooling Program ClimateWorks Foundation The ClimateWorks Cooling Program leads the clean Cooling Collaborative, an initiative advancing efficient, climate-friendly cooling for all. Clean Cooling Collaborative focuses on solutions that cool people and the planet, including super- efficient appliances, climate-friendly refrigerants, and passive cooling. Extreme heat Environment Program Grants Hwelett Foundation The Environment Program makes grants to address climate change globally and to conserve the U.S. West. The Foundation make a wide range of grants to protect the extraordinary natural resources of the Western United States, and back efforts to build broad public support and empower citizens who care about the conservation of land, water and air in the West. Conservation National Climate Solutions RFP Paul G. Allen Family Foundation This Paul G. Allen Family Foundation initiative, with an RFP announced in 2024, will fund 3-5 rigorous, place- based Natural Climate Solutions efforts in the Pacific Northwest. The foundation is looking to fund programs that accelerate climate change mitigation, while also providing biodiversity and human wellbeing co-benefits. Resiliency, nature- based solutions AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 19: Capabilities 19-31 Resilient Community Impact Fund Resilient Cities Network (RCN) RCN has established the Resilient Community Impact Fund, providing critical funding to cities and organizations to initiate local resilience projects. This fund supports initiatives designed to help communities withstand the impacts of extreme weather events, including heatwaves and flooding. Resiliency, extreme heat, fooding Rural Community Assistance Corporation Rural Community Assistance Corporation Water, wastewater, stormwater, and solid waste planning; environmental work; to assist in developing an application for infrastructure improvements for small, rural communities. Planning, feasibility studies Rural Water Revolving Loan Fund National Rural Water Association The RWLF provides low-cost loans for short-term repair costs, small capital projects, or pre-development costs associated with larger projects to small, rural communities. Source-water protection, drinking water system improvements, other retrofits Wildfire Resilience Initiative Moore Foundation The Wildfire Resilience Initiative aims to support a transformation in the role that fire plays and is perceived to play in Western North America, from an unwanted, destructive threat to a vitalizing element in our landscapes. Wildfire AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-1 Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies The primary focus of this plan update was the creation of new comprehensive, operationally viable hazard mitigation strategies and promote their implementation. Plan strategies were developed using the following structure: Hazard mitigation strategies were developed by KCOEM and various KC agencies as described in the planning partner engagement section of the introduction. The KCOEM Hazard Mitigation Team coordinated with each KC agency and assisted with each developing and submitting a list of potential hazard mitigation strategies and projects. Mitigation Plan Goal Mitigation Plan Strategies Mitigation Actions •The goal of the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan is to create a framework that reduces the impact and susceptibility of the identified hazards on people, property, and the environment, prioritizing historically underserved communities. •These are broad approaches to address a problem and support the Plan goals. •These may live on from plan to plan. •These are the specific action items to be taken in support of the Plan Strategies. •These are on either a 2 year or 5 year timeline. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-2 20.1 Mitigation Plan Goal The goal of the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan is to create a framework that reduces the impact and susceptibility of the identified hazards on people, property, and the environment, prioritizing historically underserved communities. 20.2 Mitigation Plan Strategies Mitigation Plan Strategies will be developed based on threats to essential assets and capabilities from hazards within cities and unincorporated areas of King County. In the past these have included strategies for risks such as land movement and flood impacts and projects such as bridge seismic retrofits and generators for critical facilities. For this plan, hazard mitigation strategies are sets of coordinated actions that, taken together, address a risk or vulnerability. They are comprehensive, long-term, and designed to be regularly updated as actions are completed. The updated strategy format will be used going forward in order to better support long-term tracking of mitigation actions and strategies. The updated strategy template is displayed below. Table 20-1 Mitigation strategy template Lead Points of Contact (Title) Partner Points of Contact (Title) Who else outside your jurisdiction benefits from the strategy or will help implement the strategy? Hazards Mitigated Funding Sources and Estimated Costs Strategy Vision/Objective Long-term objective and vision for the strategy Mitigation Strategy Describe the program/proposed program 2-Year Objectives 5-Year Objectives Long-Term Objectives AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-3 Implementation Plan/Actions This can provide a timeline, indicate partners, discuss implementation stages, etc. Use this to discuss how the strategy/program will be implemented over the long term. Performance Measures With the support of King County Risk Management, this template will be built into a database where strategies can be entered, updated, and projects can be tracked consistently and effectively. The goal is for strategies to remain in place through future updates, while implementation plan actions are changed. 20.3 Mitigation Plan Actions Mitigation Plan Actions represent the specific work to be done to mitigate a risk or hazard. Candidate actions will be developed and considered for and by each participating jurisdiction. These actions will be taken into consideration when scoring the overall strategies for prioritization. 20.4 Prioritizing Mitigation Strategies Emergency management is centered around communities and people – those who understand their communities’ unique demographic, economic, and physical characteristics best and know the most appropriate actions necessary to promote resilience and facilitate recovery from disaster. While several studies show the disproportionate impacts of disasters, they also show that federal response programs intended to support communities before and after disasters are also inequitable and inaccessible for those most vulnerable. Likewise, the methods used to quantify disaster impacts and justify risk reduction measures and mitigation projects do not account for the disparate impacts of these hazards. This incomplete measure of the total effects lends itself to prioritizing projects that can ignore measures that reduce the long-term consequences of disasters in these populations. Moreover, the siloing of these impact considerations fails to acknowledge the compounding effects these disasters can have on our built environments, nor do they offer tailored solutions designed to meet the unique needs of these communities. It’s no secret that humanity continues to have an adverse effect on weather, and human-induced climate change has led to an increase in the frequency of catastrophic devastation caused by severe weather. Historically marginalized populations, due to historic housing discrimination and housing AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-4 segregation, continue to suffer more damage from these disasters and take the longest to recover (for a summary, see the Brookings memo “Hurricanes Hit the Poor the Hardest”). These communities are most likely to exist in disaster-prone areas, lack sufficient financial resources for emergencies, and generally are less resilient to climate change, natural disasters, and their increasing devastation. Further, lower-income and minority communities are much more likely to experience public forms of vulnerability, epitomized by substandard infrastructure and less public infrastructure investment overall, and are in close proximity to hazardous materials with less public protection. Previous research shows that the primary determinants of post-disaster recovery include socioeconomic and demographic conditions, pre-existing vulnerability, and access to and receipt of aid, of which the most marginalized and vulnerable communities struggle. Too often, disaster risk reduction strategies and mitigation projects are assessed with an equity and social justice lens too late in the process to be effective. However, with the right changes, we can turn this around. In 2019, King County set out to apply an approach to prioritization of mitigation projects designed to benefit those most vulnerable to disaster. With the adoption of the previous iteration of our hazard mitigation plan, we became among the first counties in the nation that applied an equity approach both in our base plan and subsequent annexes, as well as our project prioritization. We recognize the continuing inequities present in our society and in our pre-disaster preparedness and response, and, again, call for a reconsideration of all projects regardless of those targeted. Our industry has only recently begun incorporating equity into our work, and the prioritization methods used so far have not been effective. Likewise, research shows that emergency managers have a long road ahead. By prioritizing disaster risk reduction and mitigation projects that account for this institutional failure, we can make a significant and positive impact over time, increasingly putting more resources in areas and communities where they are needed most. Methods Before revising the previous method for ranking mitigation projects based on equity, the core planning team reviewed the last version of the document and found several deficiencies: 1. Localities did not have rigid guidelines against which to rank their projects. 2. The language following the factors was either vague or supposedly inherent in the mission of hazard mitigation. 3. Localities were given the 14 determinants of equity and informed on their importance but needed to be given practical strategies to analyze these determinants and factors in their projects. 4. Because the matrix lacked structure and guidelines, projects could be ranked in a manner determined by an individual contributor that was inconsistent with other rankings elsewhere in the county using the same matrix. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-5 This methodology solves several of these issues by providing localities annexing onto the hazard mitigation plan guidelines on how to rank their projects, straightforward language and scoring methods allowing for consistency in project rankings across the county. These methods were discussed again with the larger hazard mitigation planning team and reviewed by internal Office of Emergency Management Equity and Social Justice Change Team members, the Department of Executive Services Intradepartmental Teams, and the Office of Equity, Racial, and Social Justice. FEMA determined these methods to meet the Justice40 Initiative requirements for localities seeking future federal funding for hazard mitigation projects. King County developed a prioritization process based on criteria taken from national best practices and priorities identified by the King County Executive. These criteria are used to prioritize projects within strategies. Strategies are also prioritized in this way to identify those areas of emphasis for KCOEM and the mitigation steering committee, though this may not impact which strategies are implemented since many depend on exclusive funding sources. The below criteria will be used to establish priorities. These priorities will be applied to projects annually for submission to FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grants. The updated scoring matrix broken into categories, like previous iterations. These categories are Economics and Equity; Multi-Jurisdictional; Multi-Beneficial; Community Resilience and Long- Term Vulnerability Reduction; Climate, Environment and Sustainability; Effectiveness; Urgency; and Shovel-Ready. Each category is given a score between 0 and 4, with 0 being the lowest score a project can receive in a certain category and 4 being the highest. Due to the close collaboration between urban and land-use planners, public works and emergency management professionals, environmental regulators, government officials, and community members needed to analyze these projects we removed negative scoring as a component of this version. It's important to note that communities should prioritize projects that have high marks in all categories, with a particular emphasis on the first four, when funding becomes available. We do, however, recognize these projects typically require significant financial investments well beyond the capacity of localities and grant funding over several years and lower-ranked projects may be more feasible with limited funding and time. Below you will find the factors for consideration and the process by which to analyze and score potential mitigation projects. • 0 Unsatisfactory for this factor • 1 Minimal level of standards for this factor • 2 Satisfactory level of standards for this factor • 3 High level of standards for this factor • 4 Outstanding or beyond expectations for this factor. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-6 Table 20-2 Mitigation strategy priority scoring matrix 2025 Hazard Mitigation Strategy: Factors for Consideration 2025 Hazard Mitigation Strategy Score • Economics and Equity (project is designed to benefit, account for, and include vulnerable populations, especially those in the community most likely to suffer harm from a disaster and those likely to take longest to recover after a disaster) • Multi-Jurisdictional (project is supported by multiple jurisdictions or agencies) • Multi-Beneficial (project has benefits beyond hazard risk reduction, including environmental, social, or economic benefits) • Community Resilience and Long-Term Vulnerability Reduction (project is designed to increase community resilience and focus on the long term impacts to vulnerable areas) • Climate, Environment, and Sustainability (project helps people, property, and the environment become more resilient to the effects of climate change, regional growth, and development) • Effectiveness (project is designed to attain the best- possible benefit-cost ratio) • Urgent (project is urgently needed to reduce risk to lives and property) AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-7 • Shovel-Ready (project is largely ready to go, with few remaining roadblocks that could derail it) Total Scores Process Note: Once a jurisdiction has prioritized projects within that jurisdiction, those projects will be advanced to the regional plan. If ever there is competition between projects advanced from different jurisdictions, the RHMP Steering Committee, consisting of representatives from county departments and jurisdiction partners, will establish the order of priorities based on the values identified above. The Steering Committee will also organize priority projects with corresponding strategies. It should be noted that while prioritized projects will be included in the plan, they may not all receive funding. The Steering Committee may also seek to promote a diversity of projects so that all plan goals receive some benefits. In the case of a tie between projects during scoring, the higher prioritization may go to the less-represented mitigation strategy. 20.5 Crosswalk with the Strategic Climate Action Plan Several strategies appear in some form in both the 2025 SCAP and this plan. This was done to ensure multiple avenues of implementation and monitoring and to help relevant actions gain a higher profile with other departments. Below are strategies that appear in some form in both plans. It is important to note that strategies can be added to this list throughout the lifecycle of both plans. Table 20-3 Mitigation strategies developed with the 2025 Strategic Climate Action Plan (SCAP) Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Strategy Strategic Climate Action Plan Action Integrate Hazard Mitigation into County Plans OEM Hazard Mitigation Training 2024 Floodplain Management Enactment 2024 Floodplain Management Enactment Resilience Hubs Resilience Hubs Community Wildfire Protection Plan Community Wildfire Protection Plan Extreme Heat Communications Implementation of Extreme Heat Strategy Climate Change and Health Adaption PHSKC Climate Impacts AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-8 20.6 Mitigation Strategy 2020 Status Updates The format for hazard mitigation strategies has been completely changed in the 2020 plan update. All actions previously identified have been removed and/or incorporated into new mitigation strategies. The updated strategy format will better support tracking and implementation of mitigation strategies and their constituent actions. Strategies that are preparedness focused have been removed, as well as those that are ongoing in nature and do not have specific targets or responsible entities. The following tables are taken from the 2023 annual progress report for the 2020 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan. This list only includes strategies submitted by King County departments and countywide strategies. Individual jurisdiction action progress reports are included in each annex. The new statuses for strategies include: • Removed – Strategy is not carried forward into the new plan • Complete – Strategy is complete and not carried forward into the new plan • Updated – Strategy is updated and carried forward into the new mitigation plan. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-9 CURRENT PROGRESS ON 2020 ACTION PLAN INITIATIVES Progress (Yes/No) Timeline Update Status Comment (Describe progress or changed priority) 2025 Status DLS – Roads: Reduce Flood Impacts to Unincorporated King County Road System Yes Long Term Removed This study looks at different ways to reduce or eliminate traffic problems caused by flooding in the Snoqualmie Valley. It focuses on keeping at least one of four existing roads and bridges that cross the Snoqualmie River open during floods rather than solving the flooding itself. The county and our partners began the Cross Valley study in December 2022. The first phase was completed in October of 2024. Ongoing DLS – Roads: Increase Seismic Resilience of Bridges in Unincorporated King County Yes Long Term Removed The study “Impacts of Cascadia Subduction Zone M9 Earthquakes on Bridges in Washington State” was published in June 2022. Work on retrofitting bridges in King County continues. Ongoing DNRP – WLRD: Stormwater Outfall Erosion Hazard Inventory Yes Long Term Removed The King County Stormwater Management Action Plan was completed December 21, 2022. Seeking funding for action items in the plan continues. Ongoing DNRP – WTD: Resilience in Design and Build of Critical Water Treatment and Conveyance Facilities Yes Long Term Removed West Point is undergoing upgrades to make the facility more resilient in the event of an earthquake. King County is improving large, enclosed sedimentation tanks that play a key role in the wastewater treatment process. This project began in 2021. Ongoing DNRP – WLRD: Landslide, Erosion, and Sedimentation Event Mapping Yes Long Term Removed King County routinely updates its iMap layers including landslide and erosion. This work is expanded upon in the 2025 strategies. Ongoing DNRP – WLRD: Stormwater and Surface Water Infrastructure Risk Reduction AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-10 Yes Long Term Removed Action items for this strategy can be located in the Stormwater Management Action Plan of 2022. Ongoing DNRP – WTD: Sea Level Rise Resilience in Wastewater Facilities Yes Long Term Removed Work continues in addressing the impacts of Climate Change on WTD facilities. Ongoing DNRP - WTD: Control System Security and Performance Yes Long Term Updated Cyber-attacks continue to be an ongoing threat for DNRP and other King County agencies. The work on this strategy is expanded upon in the 2025 strategies. Ongoing DNRP – WTD: GIS Emergency Response Mapping and Real-Time Flow Data Yes Long- term Updated In 2022 King County created the Equity in Response Planning tool that addresses a majority of mapping layers identified in this strategy. The work for improving and updating those layers is an ongoing project for King County. Ongoing KCIT- Emergency Communications Enhancements Yes Short Term Removed All King County agencies have received new 800MHz Radios and routinely complete bimonthly radio checks. KCOEM offers trainings to agencies on how to use these radios. Complete DNRP – WTD: Emergency Event Management System Yes Long- term Removed DNRP staff and other KC staff routinely test and train on how to use WebEOC. Ongoing DNRP – Flood Services: Flood Warning System Yes Long Term Updated The purpose of the King County Flood Warning System is to warn KC residents about rising floodwaters on major rivers so they can prepare before serious flooding occurs. In most places, the warning system provides at least 2 hours lead time before floodwaters reach damaging levels. Since flooding is a common occurring hazard in the Ongoing AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-11 County, the work that the Flood Warning System does is expanded upon in the 2025 strategies. DNRP/KCOEM: Post-Flood Recovery Efforts Yes Long Term Updated KCOEM continues to work with partners to create a comprehensive Recovery Plan including recovering from floods. KCOEM staff are routinely trained on how to complete damage assessments in addition to understanding how FEMA’s IA and PA programs are implemented. Ongoing DNRP – Flood Services: Home Elevations Yes Long- term Removed Homeowners located in a flood-prone area of King County may be eligible for help from the Flood Elevation Program. Currently funding is only available for home elevation projects in the Snoqualmie River Basin. The first floor of the home must be below the Base Flood Elevation as documented on a FEMA Elevation Certificate produce by a licensed surveyor. There is usually more property owners interested in this program than funds available. King County maintains a list of property owners who want to participate in the program and will reach out to them as funds become available. The elevation program is only for properties where the owner has agreed to take part in the program. Ongoing DNRP – Flood Services: Home Acquisitions and Relocations Yes Long- term Removed The King County Flood Buyout Program purchases homes at risk of damage from flooding. Buyouts are voluntary. Flood-prone properties and structures are sold to King County and all structures are removed. Flood buyouts eliminate future flood damages and health and safety risks for owners and rescuers. This helps reduce the cost of emergency response actions such as evacuations, emergency shelters, temporary housing, debris Ongoing AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-12 removal and repairs to damaged structures. After all structures are removed, the property is restored to permanent open space. This allows more room for flood water storage and flow, and creates natural space for fish, wildlife, and passive recreation. Any structure located in a flood-prone area of unincorporated King County may be eligible for this program. Buyouts are appropriate in areas where there is deep, fast-moving water, serious bank erosion, and significant risk of channel migration. DNRP – WLRD: Protect and Restore Natural Floodplain Functions Yes Long- term Removed The 2024 King County Flood Management Plan outlines a vision for reducing flood and flood- related risks countywide. It describes the actions King County will take to manage risks associated with flooding along our rivers, creeks, and shorelines, including opportunities for the County to work with cities, partners, and community members to build flood resilience. These action items include many that restore natural floodplain functions. Ongoing DNRP – WLRD: Flood Risk Mapping Yes Long- term Updated Flood maps are one tool that communities can use to know which areas have the highest risk of flooding. The maps help people make decisions about where to live, what to build, and how to reduce flood risks. Property owners, insurance agents, and lenders can use flood maps to determine flood insurance requirements and policy costs. King County conducts flood studies using the latest data and technology to produce more accurate flood maps. These maps are submitted to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) for adoption. King County routinely updates Ongoing AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-13 its Flooding Layers in iMap with the most recent data. This is expanded upon in the 2025 strategies. DNRP/KCOEM: Public Information Flood Activities Yes Long- term Removed Both DNRP and KCOEM update their public websites including www.kcemergency.com which provides residents on the latest information on signification events happening in King County, including flooding. Ongoing DNRP – Flood Services: Flood Insurance Promotion Yes Long- term Removed King County has a Class 2 CRS rating. A Class 2 rating provides a 40 percent discount on flood insurance premiums for all insurable properties located within unincorporated King County. King County was the first county in the nation to achieve this rating in 2007 and remains one of only three counties in the region with a Class 2 rating. In 2022, flood insurance policyholders in unincorporated King County saved $806,292, an average of $523 per annual policy. This work is located in the updated Floodplain Management Plan. Ongoing DLS/DNRP: Enforce Higher Floodplain Management Regulations Yes Long- term Removed This strategy is addressed in the 2024 King County Floodplain Management Plan. Ongoing DNRP – Flood Services: Manage Flood Protection Facilities Yes Long- term Removed This strategy is addressed in the 2024 King County Floodplain Management Plan. Ongoing FMD: Seismic Evaluation of King County Courthouse and Maleng Regional Justice Center No Long- term Removed King County was not awarded a PDM grant for this project in 2020. No Progress AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-14 FMD: Kent Valley Flood Facility Mitigation Yes Long- term Removed Work identified for this strategy can be located in the 2024 King County Floodplain Management Plan. Ongoing KCOEM: Integrate ESJ into Mitigation, Response, and Recovery Activities Yes Long- term Removed KCOEM continues to integrate ESJ into all aspects of their work. Ongoing KCOEM/ECO: Mitigate Weather Impacts to Vulnerable Communities Yes Long- term Removed The Extreme Heat Mitigation Strategy was completed in 2024 and includes 20 actions. The actions take a comprehensive approach to equitably preparing people and places in King County for the impacts of hotter summers and more extreme heat events. The King County Extreme Heat Mitigation Strategy was co- developed in collaboration with state and local governments, service providers, community-based organizations, frontline communities, and other partners to provide strategic direction for local and countywide work on heat mitigation. Ongoing KCOEM: Seismic Lifeline Route Resilience Yes Long- term Removed WSDOT updates its Online Map Center with Seismic Lifeline layers. The last update was in June 2024. Ongoing KCOEM: Integrate Hazard Mitigation and Comprehensive Planning Yes Long- term Removed KCOEM addresses hazard mitigation in the updated county comprehensive plan. Ongoing KCOEM: Engage Community Organizations in Emergency Management Yes Long- term Removed KCOEM has a robust public outreach program that focuses on engaging underserved communities in emergency management, reducing risk, and disaster preparedness. This work is expanded upon in the 2025 strategies. Ongoing AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-15 KCOEM: Climate Integration Training Yes Long- term Removed All programs in KCOEM consider climate and climate induced hazard impacts in their planning where applicable. Ongoing KCOEM: Disaster Skills Risk Reduction Training Yes Long- term Updated King County Emergency Management continues to deliver the county’s disaster education, and provides year round free training and education to county employees, residents, and organizations/businesses via several programs and activities aimed at promoting personal and community risk reduction. Ongoing KCOEM: Dam Failure Risk and Impact Reduction Yes Long- term Updated KCOEM continues to fund the role of Dam Safety coordinator with the overall goal of lowering the risk and impacts of dam failure in King County. Ongoing KCOEM: Wildfire Preparedness and Risk Reduction Yes Short- term Removed In 2022 King County completed the Wildfire Risk Reduction Strategy. This work is being expanded upon by KCOEM in creating a Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP). Complete KCOEM: Hazard Mitigation Assistance Grant Support Yes Long- term Updated KCOEM continues to assist local governments and county departments with Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) grant applications, providing guidance and support throughout the application process. This includes trainings, webinars, and guidance on how to properly create competitive HMA grants for King County Agencies and eligible partners. Ongoing KCOEM: Public Assistance Grant Support Yes Long- term Removed KCOEM continues to assist eligible King County applicants in FEMA’s PA program. Ongoing AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-16 KCOEM: Language Accessible Video Emergency Messaging Yes Long- term Updated KCOEM is continuing to expand its efforts to make emergency messaging more accessible to county residents. Ongoing PHSKC: King County Facilities Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Network No Long- term Removed The county has yet to procure and deploy 280 Dylos DC1100 (indoor aire quality monitors). PHSKC will continue to find methods of funding for this strategy. No Progress PHSKC: Medical Gas Seismic Detection & Emergency Shut Off Yes Long- term Removed Work on retrofitting Harborview Medical Center is ongoing. Ongoing Parks: Park and trail Facility Landslide Protection No Long- term Removed KC Parks was not awarded a 2021 BRIC grant for this project. No Progress Parks: Seismic Evaluation and Retrofits of King County Parks Facilities No Long- term Removed KC Parks was not awarded a 2021 BRIC grant for this project. No Progress 20.7 Mitigation Strategies 2025 King County identified the following strategies through meetings among county departments. They are a mix of current projects the County is working on as well as projects identified by the County that require outside funds to complete. These strategies were scored by KCOEM’s Hazard Mitigation Program using the prioritization criteria outlined earlier in this section. The strategies are listed in no particular order. It is important to note that these strategies are evolving. King County agencies are welcomed and encouraged to add strategies to this plan throughout the lifecycle of the plan. As more strategies are created, both WA EMD and FEMA will be made aware of the existence of new strategies. Below is the current list of King County Hazard Mitigation Strategies: AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-17 Table 20-4 Mitigation Strategies 2025 STRATEGY PRIORITY (SCORE) LEAD AGENCY VISION Expand King County Jumpstart Program 23 Executive Climate Office (ECO) To create a diverse, skilled workforce capable of building greener infrastructure and advancing King County’s clean energy goals. Identify and Create County-Wide Resilience Hubs 19 KCOEM/ECO As King County grows, and awareness of climate change- driven wildfire risk grows, King County has a coordinated strategy to support individuals and local jurisdictions in identifying and managing wildfire risk, including risk to property and public health. Unreinforced Masonry Mapping for King County 16 KCIT/GIS To enhance community safety and resilience by accurately mapping unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings in King County, enabling targeted mitigation strategies that reduce the risk of severe damage during seismic events and other natural hazards. Expand Dam Failure Emergency Action Plans 14 KCOEM By 2030, all dams within King County will have fully updated Emergency Action Plans (EAPs) and Emergency Operations Plans (EOPs) to ensure coordinated and timely responses to any potential emergencies, enhancing public safety and minimizing the impact of dam-related disasters. Expanding Public Awareness of “Make It Through” Website 20 KCOEM To ensure every resident in King County has the knowledge and resources to prepare for and respond to emergencies by expanding the reach and impact AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-18 of www.makeitthrough.com, providing timely, accessible, and practical preparedness information. Climate Change and Health Adaptation Strategy 23 PHSKC To create the necessary conditions to prepare for, adapt to, and mitigate the health impacts of climate change in King County, particularly in communities that are most vulnerable and disproportionately impacted by climate hazards. Expand King County Energize! Program 21 ECO To improve energy efficiency and reduce environmental impacts in King County homes by providing affordable access to clean, energy-efficient technology, such as heat pumps, weatherization, and electric appliances. Risk Reduction Through Equitable Language Access 22 KCOEM To enhance community resilience by improving public translation, cultural communications, and community partnerships, ensuring consistent and accurate information delivery to all residents in King County during emergencies. Extreme Heat Event Communications 21 KCOEM To ensure all King County residents, especially those with limited English proficiency, have access to culturally relevant, multilingual heat safety and preparedness information to increase community resilience to extreme heat events. Enhanced Cooling Centers 21 KCOEM To increase awareness, accessibility, and utilization of public cooling centers in King County, ensuring all residents, especially those in heat-impacted AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-19 neighborhoods, have safe, reliable access to cooling during extreme heat events. Shake Alert Sign Up Campaign 18 KCOEM To ensure that all King County residents are registered for ShakeAlert to receive timely earthquake early warnings, enabling them to take immediate protective actions to reduce injury and property damage during seismic events. Increase Alert King County Registrations 24 KCOEM To increase the number of residents signed up for Alert King County by fostering community awareness, engagement, and trust, ensuring that all residents receive timely emergency alerts to protect life and property. King County Community Wildfire Protection Plan 25 KCOEM To develop a county-scale Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) for King County that enhances resilience against wildfire risks through proactive planning, stakeholder collaboration, and public involvement. This CWPP will ensure the county’s preparedness, response, and recovery capabilities are robust, inclusive, and community-driven. Integration of Hazard Mitigation into County Plans 19 KCOEM To ensure that hazard mitigation strategies are seamlessly integrated into all current King County plans, strengthening the community's resilience to disasters and reducing long-term risk to lives, property, and infrastructure. King County Flood Warning Center 21 DNRP - Flood To ensure timely and effective flood warnings and response AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-20 actions for King County residents, minimizing loss of life, property damage, and public health risks during flood events. Update Liquefaction Mapping King County 21 DNRP Enhance community resilience in King County by updating and improving liquefaction hazard mapping, leading to better- informed land use planning, infrastructure development, and disaster preparedness in areas vulnerable to liquefaction during seismic events. Expanding Roadway Access to Isolated Communities in Unincorporated King County 18 DLS- Roads To ensure that isolated communities in unincorporated King County have reliable and safe access routes for evacuation and emergency response, particularly during wildfire events and power outages. This strategy aims to enhance community resilience and improve public safety by reducing the risk of isolation during extreme events. HVAC Upgrades for Extreme Weather 18 FMD To enhance the resilience of King County facilities to extreme weather events by upgrading HVAC systems to ensure reliable temperature control, air quality, and energy efficiency, safeguarding public health and infrastructure, while reducing long-term operational costs. King County OEM Zone Program 22 KCOEM Overall, the role of the Zone Liaison is to promote, support, and facilitate regional coordination, communication, and collaboration, in an effort to unify and/or connect region-wide AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-21 emergency management practices, with the aim of maximizing benefits from individual efforts and reducing redundancies. Actively Manage King County Devices 20 KCIT To establish a secure, streamlined, and adaptive IT environment within King County by actively managing network devices and software. Starting with a controlled, known baseline, King County will minimize attack surfaces and enhance its ability to adapt to dynamic cybersecurity threats. Multi-Factor Authorization for King County Devices 19 KCIT To strengthen King County’s cybersecurity posture by prioritizing the protection of accounts with elevated privileges, remote access, and high-value assets through the adoption of multi-factor authentication (MFA) and the reduction of reliance on single-factor authentication systems. Timely Software Updates for King County Devices 19 KCIT To ensure King County’s IT systems remain secure and resilient by applying all available software updates immediately, automating the update process wherever possible, and maintaining a high level of vigilance against threats, reducing the risk of exploitations and ensuring the integrity of county systems Creation of County- Wide Recovery Plan 20 KCOEM To create a comprehensive, resilient, and flexible county-wide recovery plan that effectively addresses the unique needs of all AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-22 communities in King County, ensuring a swift and equitable recovery process after disasters. This plan will integrate community needs, enhance preparedness, and optimize resource allocation, providing clear guidance for a seamless recovery effort. Wastewater Treatment Division Workforce Development Program 21 DNRP To create a sustainable and diverse workforce for the clean water sector by providing comprehensive recruitment, mentorship, training, and career growth opportunities to entry- level candidates. The program ensures that individuals are equipped with the skills and knowledge necessary to thrive in the wastewater treatment industry while contributing to a more equitable and inclusive workforce King Conservation District Wildfire Mitigation Program 22 KCD To reduce the risk of wildfire damage to homes and communities in King County, especially in the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI), through proactive risk assessments, strategic wildfire mitigation projects, and collaborative efforts aimed at enhancing community resilience. Improving Emergency Management Public Outreach 21 KCOEM To ensure that all residents of King County are well-informed and prepared to effectively respond to and mitigate the impacts of hazards, through comprehensive and targeted public outreach strategies. By enhancing public awareness and AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-23 providing accessible resources, we aim to reduce vulnerability and improve community resilience. Maintain LEPC in King County 20 KCOEM To ensure the continued protection of King County residents, workers, and the environment by maintaining a robust and effective Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) focused on hazardous materials. The LEPC will provide proactive mitigation strategies, streamline emergency response coordination, and promote the safe management of hazardous materials throughout the county. Strengthening and Maintaining Partnerships for Emergency Response and Coordination 20 KCSO To create a coordinated, resilient emergency response system by maintaining strong and effective partnerships between the King County Sheriff's Office, the King County Office of Emergency Management, and the Fusion Center, ensuring a rapid, unified, and data-driven approach to mitigating and responding to a wide range of hazards. Implementation of 2024 King County Floodplain Management Plan 22 DNRP To reduce the vulnerability of communities, infrastructure, and ecosystems to flooding by implementing the King County Floodplain Management Plan, fostering resilience through sustainable land use, strategic mitigation, and enhanced floodplain management practices. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-24 Mount Si Road Undergrounding Project 18 Tanner Electric/Roads To enhance energy resilience and mitigate wildfire and storm- related risks for the North Bend community by undergrounding critical electrical infrastructure along Mount Si Road, ensuring consistent, safe, and uninterrupted power supply to residents, businesses, and essential services. Plan for Post-Wildfire Community Recovery 23 OEM Ensure King County is prepared to support equitable, coordinated, and efficient recovery from wildfires—particularly those that impact homes, public facilities, and infrastructure—through a dedicated planning framework that guides action, accountability, and access to recovery resources. Standardize and Promote Best Management Practices for Wildfire Mitigation 19 DNRP Reduce wildfire risk to homes, infrastructure, and evacuation routes in King County through coordinated and standardized best management practices that can be easily adopted and implemented by fire departments, agencies, and communities. Expand Access to Cooling Locations for Communities 20 ECO Ensure equitable access to safe, welcoming, and community- trusted cooling locations throughout King County to protect high-risk populations during extreme heat events. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-25 Expand the Use of Residential Flood Risk Mitigation Tools Countywide to Benefit Those Who Are Most Vulnerable to Flooding 23 DNRP Expand access to effective, equitable residential flood risk mitigation tools across King County—such as buyouts and home elevations—to reduce the impacts of flooding for the most vulnerable and financially burdened property owners while also aligning with community priorities and environmental values. Identify and Seek Funding to Reduce Sea Level Rise and Flood Risks to On-Site Wastewater Infrastructure in unincorporated King County 19 PHSKC Protect public health and environmental quality by proactively addressing the risks that sea level rise and flooding pose to on-site wastewater infrastructure in vulnerable unincorporated areas of King County, with a focus on equitable outcomes. WSDOT Avalanche Forecasting and Control Program 15 WSDOT Maintain the safety and reliability of Washington’s mountain highway corridors by proactively forecasting and controlling avalanches to reduce hazards for motorists, freight traffic, and recreational users. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-26 20.7.1 Expand King County JumpStart Program Lead King County Executive Climate Office (ECO) Partners County Agencies Hazards Mitigated Extreme Weather Hazardous Materials Cyber Incident Earthquake Funding Sources and Estimated Costs County Budget Vision To create a diverse, skilled workforce capable of building greener infrastructure and advancing King County’s clean energy goals. Description JumpStart is a workforce development program designed to help young adults (ages 18-24) from underrepresented communities pursue careers in clean energy and skilled trades. The program focuses on pathways in electrical, HVAC, solar energy, and project management. Participants receive training in these fields and are then matched with local contractors for 240 hours of paid work-based learning. This initiative provides opportunities to work on sustainable, living-wage career paths, helping young people contribute to a cleaner, healthier King County. 2-Year Objectives • Recruit young adults (ages 18-24) for participation in skilled training programs • Partner with at least 10 local contractors to join the JumpStart Network • Train 150+ young adults in clean energy-related career pathways • Provide paid internships to 100+ program participants • Build a strong, diverse workforce ready to take on jobs in clean energy and trades 5-Year Objectives • Expand partnerships with additional pre-apprenticeship and training organizations • Increase the number of clean energy infrastructure projects within King County • Develop a long-term pipeline for workers in fields such as HVAC, electrical, solar, and project management • Ensure sustainable employment for at least 80% of participants in the program’s work-based learning phase • Help contractors successfully integrate young, diverse talent into their workforce Long-Term Objectives • Contribute to King County's clean energy goals by significantly increasing the number of skilled workers in the sector • Ensure a lasting and diverse workforce capable of building and maintaining green infrastructure across the region • Foster an inclusive and equitable clean energy transition with job opportunities for historically underrepresented communities • Enable sustained career success for program participants, helping to close gaps in access to well-paying jobs in green sectors AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-27 Implementation Plan/Actions • Recruit young adults for training in electrical, HVAC, solar, and project management pathways • Partner with training program providers to deliver hands-on learning opportunities • Match participants with JumpStart Network contractors for work-based learning opportunities • Promote the JumpStart program to local businesses and contractors to grow the network and increase job opportunities • Work with local contractors to train the next generation of skilled workers • Provide resources and guidance to contractors on contracting opportunities with King County and clean energy incentives Performance Measure • Number of young adults recruited into training programs • Number of local contractors participating in the JumpStart Network • Number of paid internships completed by participants • Number of participants employed in clean energy and skilled trades positions post-program • Feedback from contractors regarding the readiness and performance of program participants • Retention rates of participants in the clean energy and trades sectors after completing the program AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-28 20.7.2 Identify and Create County-Wide Resilience Hubs Lead KCOEM and ECO Partners DNRP, WLRD, DNRP, Parks, DLS, Permitting KC Fire Districts, WA DNR, King Conservation District, Tribes, USFS, KC Climate Preparedness Public Health Seattle-KC Hazards Mitigated Wildfire Extreme Weather Flood Funding Sources and Estimated Costs Existing Resources Vision As King County grows, and awareness of climate change-driven wildfire risk and extreme weather grows, King County has a coordinated strategy to support individuals and local jurisdictions in identifying and managing risk, including risk to property and public health. Description Partner with King County communities, fire districts, and other organizations to develop an integrated King County strategy for wildfire. The strategy will review current efforts to address wildfire risk in King County and develop recommendations for addressing identified gaps and opportunities. These recommendations will be carried out through a coordinated Firewise technical assistance program, likely led by DNRP. This effort will be coordinated with a SCAP action seeking a similar outcome. This strategy will be based in part on the results of WA DNR effort to map the Wildland Urban Interface in King County. 2-Year Objectives • Convene a multiagency committee to develop a strategy • Request funding for outreach 5-Year Objectives • Implement the strategy through coordinated technical assistance between the county and local communities Long-Term Objectives • Maintain consistent outreach to potentially-impacted communities. Implementation Plan/Actions • KC EM will work with DNRP, WLRD and the Climate Preparedness team to identify partners. • Continue to partner with WA DNR and DLS to map WUI areas – ultimately use this map to target strategy priorities. • Socialize results of WUI mapping efforts with comprehensive plan staff and look into planning policies that could limit density or development in fire-prone areas. • Convene multiagency committee once WA DNR WUI maps are closer to being finalized • Identify existing preparedness actions and gaps, including areas that are/are not receiving Firewise outreach and support. • Develop wildfire preparedness and mitigation coordination strategy and socialize it. • DNRP to request $150k funding for an additional FTE to support Firewise efforts. • Look into model codes, ordinances, or other strategies to promote in addition to Firewise. • Host an annual tabletop at the wildfire workshop held each year by KCEM. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-29 Performance Measure • KC EM was successful/not successful in convening all the necessary partners to establish a unified strategy for community wildfire preparedness and risk reduction. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-30 20.7.3 URM Mapping Specific to King County Lead DNRP GIS Partners KCOEM Hazards Mitigated Earthquake Extreme Weather Funding Sources and Estimated Costs County Budget HMGP Vision To enhance community safety and resilience by accurately mapping unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings in King County, enabling targeted mitigation strategies that reduce the risk of severe damage during seismic events and other natural hazards. Description Unreinforced masonry buildings (URMs) pose a significant risk during earthquakes due to their structural vulnerabilities. In King County, the exact number and distribution of these buildings are not fully mapped or documented. This strategy aims to conduct a comprehensive update of the URM building mapping within King County. The updated data will guide mitigation measures such as retrofitting, building code updates, and prioritizing resources for emergency response. 2-Year Objectives • Complete a comprehensive update of URM building data within King County using available building permits, structural reports, and GIS mapping tools. • Conduct outreach to property owners, developers, and local jurisdictions to improve building data accuracy. • Establish a baseline risk assessment for all identified URM structures in high-risk seismic zones. • Initiate educational campaigns for property owners on the importance of retrofitting and strengthening URM buildings. 5-Year Objectives • Complete the full retrofitting or replacement of a significant number of high-risk URM buildings in King County through targeted funding and grants. • Implement local ordinances requiring retrofitting for URMs in high-risk zones. • Develop a collaborative funding program with local municipalities to subsidize retrofitting for private building owners. • Improve local zoning codes to encourage safer construction in areas with high concentrations of URM buildings. Long-Term Objectives • Achieve a substantial reduction in URM-related fatalities and injuries in the event of a major earthquake in King County. • Establish a system for regularly updating URM building data and conducting periodic re-assessments of seismic vulnerabilities. • Foster long-term community resilience by ensuring all vulnerable buildings are retrofitted or replaced with more seismically resilient structures. Implementation Plan/Actions • Action 1: Collaborate with local governments to compile existing data on URM buildings. • Action 2: Utilize GIS tools and risk assessment software to update building vulnerability data across King County. • Action 3: Launch public outreach programs to inform property owners about the importance of retrofitting URMs and available funding programs. • Action 4: Establish partnerships with structural engineering firms to evaluate and propose retrofitting solutions for the most at-risk URM buildings. • Action 5: Secure funding from federal and state sources for high-priority retrofitting projects. • Action 6: Integrate updated URM mapping into King County’s broader hazard mitigation and emergency response planning frameworks. • Action 7: Provide ongoing training for local emergency responders on identifying URMs and the associated risks in disaster scenarios. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-31 Performance Measure • Completion of updated URM building mapping within King County (measured as a percentage of total URM buildings mapped). • Number of URM buildings assessed for retrofit or replacement within the first 2 years. • Percentage of URM buildings identified as high-risk that undergo retrofitting within the 5-year timeframe. • Increase in the number of URM building owners participating in voluntary retrofitting programs. • Reduction in the estimated number of injuries and fatalities in future seismic events due to URM vulnerabilities. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-32 20.7.4 Dam Failure EAPs Lead KCOEM Partners SPU Washington State Department of Ecology Hazards Mitigated Dam Failure Flooding Terrorism Funding Sources and Estimated Costs County Budget FEMA Grants Vision By 2030, all dams within King County will have fully updated Emergency Action Plans (EAPs) and Emergency Operations Plans (EOPs) to ensure coordinated and timely responses to any potential emergencies, enhancing public safety and minimizing the impact of dam-related disasters. Description King County is home to a variety of dams that serve critical functions for flood control, water supply, and recreational purposes. However, as some of these dams are aging, it is crucial that up-to-date Emergency Action Plans and Emergency Operations Plans are in place for each. This strategy focuses on ensuring that every dam within the county has comprehensive, actionable, and regularly updated plans by 2030. These plans will be aligned with state and federal standards and will involve coordination with key emergency response agencies to ensure a swift and efficient response in the event of a potential dam failure or other emergency scenarios. 2-Year Objectives • Complete an initial review and assessment of all dams within King County to evaluate the status of their current Emergency Action Plans and Emergency Operations Plans. • Identify gaps or outdated components within existing plans and develop a prioritized action plan to address them. • Establish a working group with key partners (Emergency Management, DNRP, state agencies) to guide the process of updating plans. • Begin the process of updating EAPs and EOPs for the highest-priority dams (based on risk and condition). 5-Year Objectives • Update Emergency Action Plans and Emergency Operations Plans for at least 50% of the dams in King County. • Conduct at least two county-wide emergency response exercises involving dam failures, ensuring the participation of local, state, and federal agencies. • Create a public awareness campaign to inform the community about dam safety and emergency preparedness in the region. • Establish a long-term plan for maintaining and regularly updating EAPs and EOPs, ensuring they are revisited every 2-3 years. Long-Term Objectives • Ensure that 100% of dams in King County have updated EAPs and EOPs by 2030. • Improve public and agency preparedness and response times in case of dam failure events. • Continuously enhance coordination and communication protocols between local, state, and federal agencies in managing dam emergencies. • Secure long-term funding mechanisms to maintain up- to-date plans and facilitate regular drills. Implementation Plan/Actions • Conduct a comprehensive inventory of all dams in King County, identifying those with outdated or missing Emergency Action Plans and Emergency Operations Plans. • Collaborate with local, state, and federal agencies to develop a unified approach to updating the EAPs and EOPs. • Hire consultants or experts to assist with plan updates and ensure compliance with state and federal regulations. • Provide training for all relevant stakeholders, including local emergency responders and community leaders, to ensure they understand the updated plans. • Schedule regular drills and simulations to test the effectiveness of the updated plans and refine response protocols. • Establish a system for regular plan reviews and updates, with an emphasis on technological advancements and emerging threats such as climate change. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-33 Performance Measure • Percentage of dams with up-to-date EAPs and EOPs by 2025 and 2030. • Number of drills and exercises conducted each year to test the response capabilities related to dam emergencies. • Feedback from local agencies and responders on the clarity and effectiveness of the updated plans. • Reduction in response times during dam-related emergency events. • Number of gaps identified and corrected during regular assessments. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-34 20.7.5 Expanding Public Awareness of “Make It Through” Website Lead KCOEM Partners PHSKC ECO DNRP KCIT Hazards Mitigated Avalanche Terrorism Volcano Earthquake Health Incident Extreme Weather Wildfire Cyber Incident Hazardous Materials Funding Sources and Estimated Costs General Fund Vision To ensure every resident in King County has the knowledge and resources to prepare for and respond to emergencies by expanding the reach and impact of www.makeitthrough.com, providing timely, accessible, and practical preparedness information. Description This strategy aims to increase awareness of and engagement with www.makeitthrough.com, a critical online resource designed to help King County residents prepare for various hazards, including earthquakes, flooding, wildfires, and other public health emergencies. Through targeted outreach, educational campaigns, and strategic partnerships, the goal is to ensure that residents have the necessary tools, knowledge, and motivation to prepare themselves and their communities for a range of disaster scenarios. 2-Year Objectives • Increase website traffic by 50% through targeted campaigns and outreach. • Reach at least 20% of King County residents through media campaigns (TV, radio, social media). • Partner with 15 local organizations to promote the website and offer preparedness workshops. • Develop and distribute preparedness materials in 5 languages widely spoken in King County. 5-Year Objectives • Achieve a 100% increase in website traffic, with ongoing sustained engagement. • Establish long-term partnerships with 50+ local organizations to ensure continuous promotion and education. • Ensure 75% of King County residents report being aware of the website in post-campaign surveys. • Introduce and promote regional preparedness events featuring www.makeitthrough.com resources. Long-Term Objectives • Make www.makeitthrough.com a widely recognized tool for emergency preparedness across King County. • Ensure King County residents are among the best- prepared populations in the nation for emergencies. • Maintain a long-term, continuous education program to keep preparedness information relevant and up-to-date. Implementation Plan/Actions • Website Enhancements: Improve user experience and mobile access on www.makeitthrough.com. • Media Campaigns: Launch multi-channel campaigns (social media, print, radio, TV) to drive awareness of the website. • Partnership Development: Establish partnerships with schools, local businesses, nonprofit organizations, and community groups to share the website. • Community Outreach Events: Host preparedness fairs, workshops, and town halls featuring the website's resources. • Material Distribution: Create bilingual, culturally relevant preparedness pamphlets and digital resources to distribute to local organizations. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-35 • Public Service Announcements: Collaborate with local media outlets to air public service announcements about www.makeitthrough.com. • Surveys and Feedback: Conduct regular surveys and community feedback sessions to assess awareness levels and adjust strategies as needed. Performance Measure • Website traffic analytics (visits, unique users, page views) from the website’s analytics platform. • Survey results measuring awareness of www.makeitthrough.com among King County residents. • Number of media impressions (TV, radio, social media reach). • Number of partnerships established and the number of preparedness events conducted. • Feedback from community organizations and participants on the effectiveness of outreach materials and events. • Number of preparedness materials distributed in targeted languages and communities. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-36 20.7.6 Climate Change and Health Adaptation Strategy Lead PHSKC Partners ECO Hazards Mitigated Avalanche Flood Health Incident Landslide Extreme Weather Wildfire Funding Sources and Estimated Costs County Budget Vision To create the necessary conditions to prepare for, adapt to, and mitigate the health impacts of climate change in King County, particularly in communities that are most vulnerable and disproportionately impacted by climate hazards. Description The Climate Change and Health Adaptation Strategy focuses on improving community resilience to climate-related health risks, including extreme heat, wildfire smoke, and floods. Through co-created risk communication campaigns, community capacity building, evidence-based solutions, and integration of climate data, the strategy aims to mitigate adverse health impacts while promoting equitable climate change programs and policies. This multi-year initiative includes outreach efforts, technical assistance, the development of climate-related health data systems, and collaboration with healthcare and community organizations to reduce inequities caused by climate change. 2-Year Objectives • Co-create and deliver risk communication campaigns with communities impacted by extreme heat, wildfire smoke, and floods • Increase awareness in disproportionately impacted communities about how to mitigate and adapt to climate change • Support community programs addressing the health impacts of heat and wildfire smoke with technical assistance and evidence-based solutions • Begin data collection and improvement for key climate, health, and resilience indicators • Establish collaborative partnerships for integrating climate change into Public Health programs aligned with the Strategic Climate Action Plan 5-Year Objectives • Expand technical assistance to support communities in adapting to the health impacts of heat and wildfire smoke • Enhance the use of climate data dashboards for tracking health impacts and support policy changes based on qualitative and quantitative data • Ensure health services providers and partners across the region prioritize climate resilience through quarterly healthcare collaborative meetings • Strengthen partnerships with BIPOC communities to co-develop programs and policies that address climate- related health impacts • Increase community capacity to mitigate and adapt to climate hazards by scaling successful programs and strategies Long-Term Objectives • Influence regional and statewide leadership on climate policies focused on decarbonization, data use, and climate change resilience • Ensure health equity through the integration of climate data into public health decision-making and policy • Establish King County as a national leader in addressing the health impacts of climate change through community programming, research, and collaborations • Build long-term sustainability in community resilience through ongoing education, partnerships, and adaptation strategies AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-37 Implementation Plan/Actions • Collaborate with community partners to develop and disseminate educational resources in multiple languages • Implement strategies and solutions co-created with BIPOC communities to reduce health impacts from climate hazards • Establish and continuously improve a robust data system to monitor climate, health, and resilience indicators • Provide technical assistance to partners and support community-based programs addressing climate health impacts • Integrate climate change considerations into public health programs, ensuring alignment with King County’s Strategic Climate Action Plan • Convene quarterly healthcare collaboratives to drive regional climate and health leadership • Collect and analyze data to support public health action and address health inequities Performance Measure • Number of community-specific communications campaigns and strategies developed • Number of technical-assistance consultations provided and community partners engaged • Number of data requests, visits to the climate data dashboard, and feedback on data usage • Number of healthcare partners engaged annually in climate and health initiatives • Number of evidence-based programs successfully implemented to reduce health impacts of climate hazards AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-38 20.7.7 Expand King County Energize! Program Lead ECO Partners North Highline and Skyway- West Hill communities Hazards Mitigated Extreme Weather Funding Sources and Estimated Costs CCA FEMA Vision To improve energy efficiency and reduce environmental impacts in King County homes by providing affordable access to clean, energy-efficient technology, such as heat pumps, weatherization, and electric appliances. Description The Energize! Heat Pump Program focuses on installing heat pumps and other clean technologies in homes in the North Highline and Skyway-West Hill unincorporated areas of King County. The program targets income-qualified residents who may be eligible for 100% cost-coverage, while other residents may receive discounts. Heat pumps, which provide efficient heating and cooling, are part of King County's effort to reduce energy use and help residents lower their energy bills. In 2025, the program will expand through funding from the Climate Commitment Act (CCA) to include electric appliances, plumbing improvements, home energy audits, and weatherization services for single- family homes and small businesses across King County. 2-Year Objectives • Install heat pumps and other clean technology in homes in North Highline and Skyway-West Hill • Provide energy audits and weatherization services • Expand program eligibility to include small businesses in targeted areas • Increase awareness of the program to encourage broader participation from residents in the designated regions 5-Year Objectives • Install heat pumps and energy- efficient upgrades in across King County • Reduce energy consumption and lower energy bills for participating households • Expand the program to additional communities in King County • Support the installation of energy- efficient technologies for small businesses in King County Long-Term Objectives • Contribute to King County's clean energy goals by reducing reliance on fossil fuels for home heating and cooling • Improve air quality and lower carbon emissions in the region • Achieve widespread adoption of energy-efficient technology in homes and small businesses across King County • Ensure that lower-income and historically underserved communities have equitable access to clean energy solutions Implementation Plan/Actions • Continue installing heat pumps and energy-efficient technology in North Highline and Skyway-West Hill • Increase outreach to income-qualified residents for 100% cost-coverage opportunities • Partner with local contractors and service providers to ensure high-quality installations and services • Expand program offerings to include electric appliances, plumbing improvements, home energy audits, and weatherization in 2025 • Use CCA funding to support program expansion and increase coverage for additional residents and businesses • Track and evaluate energy savings and customer satisfaction for program improvements AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-39 Performance Measure • Number of homes and small businesses participating in the program • Total energy savings achieved through heat pump installations and other energy-efficient upgrades • Reduction in energy bills for participating households • Number of income-qualified residents who receive 100% cost coverage or discounts • Customer satisfaction and feedback on program services and installation quality • Successful implementation of the expanded program in 2025, with a measurable increase in participation and coverage AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-40 20.7.8 Risk Reduction Through Equitable Language Access Lead KCOEM Partners PHSKC Trusted Partner Network Hazards Mitigated Cyber Incident Dam Failure Earthquake Flood Hazardous Materials Health Incident Landslide Extreme Weather Terrorism Tsunami Volcano Wildfire Funding Sources and Estimated Costs County Budget Preparedness Grants Vision To enhance community resilience by improving public translation, cultural communications, and community partnerships, ensuring consistent and accurate information delivery to all residents in King County during emergencies. Description COVID-19 demonstrated the vital role of timely, accurate, and culturally relevant communication in protecting public health and the economy. King County engaged with community leaders and trusted partners to tailor messages for specific ethnic and language groups, focusing on vulnerable and marginalized populations. This initiative relied on various outreach methods such as webinars, social media, and direct communications to disseminate essential information during the pandemic. Building on this experience, the goal is to refine and expand these efforts to improve public hazard resilience, enhance language access, and sustain these partnerships for future emergency responses. 2-Year Objectives • Refine and build on the lessons learned from COVID-19 to strengthen community partnerships and cultural communication networks. • Invest in language access resources, including translation, interpretation, and media outreach, to ensure consistent services for all residents. • Formalize the network of Community Navigators to enhance the development and dissemination of in-language communications for emergency preparedness. 5-Year Objectives • Expand the use of digital and virtual outreach platforms (social media, online platforms) for broader communication access. • Broaden the role of Community Navigators in post-disaster recovery, providing continuous community engagement. • Foster community partnerships to ensure that the public health communication system can quickly adapt to new types of hazards. Long-Term Objectives • Establish a sustainable framework for language and cultural communications in all future emergency preparedness and mitigation efforts. • Ensure that King County is well-equipped to provide rapid, appropriate, and accurate information to diverse populations in future emergencies. • Integrate community partnerships into long-term resilience planning for environmental, biological, and physical hazards. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-41 Implementation Plan/Actions • Expand language access resources, such as translation and interpretation services, to provide clear messaging for all King County residents. • Strengthen and formalize the Community Navigator network to ensure culturally appropriate information dissemination. • Increase community outreach efforts through social media and digital platforms to maintain flexibility and consistency in communication during emergencies. • Engage in continuous training and collaboration with local ethnic and media outlets to ensure that all communication is clear, timely, and accessible. Performance Measure • Increase in the number of residents receiving emergency communications in their preferred language. • Number of community events and outreach initiatives conducted with diverse ethnic groups. • Effectiveness of public health messaging, as measured by surveys or feedback from target communities. • Tracking the engagement levels in virtual and social media outreach platforms. • Evaluation of the Community Navigator network's impact on reaching vulnerable populations. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-42 20.7.9 Extreme Heat Event Communications Lead KCOEM Partners PHSKC ECO Community based organizations Hazards Mitigated Extreme Weather Wildfire Funding Sources and Estimated Costs County Budget Vision To ensure all King County residents, especially those with limited English proficiency, have access to culturally relevant, multilingual heat safety and preparedness information to increase community resilience to extreme heat events. Description Language and cultural barriers can limit the effectiveness of heat preparedness and mitigation efforts. This action focuses on the development and distribution of multilingual, culturally relevant materials about heat safety to better serve communities in King County, particularly those in the hottest areas. These areas have a high proportion of limited English-speaking residents who are more vulnerable to heat-related health impacts. Through collaboration with community organizations, local governments, and multilingual media, the aim is to increase the reach and impact of heat safety messages before, during, and after heat waves. 2-Year Objectives • Develop and distribute multilingual and culturally relevant heat safety and preparedness materials. • Partner with community organizations to evaluate heat messaging needs and priorities. • Increase the use of community networks and media to distribute heat safety messages, especially in communities with limited English proficiency. • Ensure the inclusion of heat safety content in various formats, such as print, digital, and multimedia. • Ensure preparedness messaging is provided well before heat waves to encourage early actions like purchasing cooling items. 5-Year Objectives • Co-create comprehensive, community-specific heat safety materials with a diverse set of local partners. • Build sustainable distribution channels for multilingual heat safety information, integrating them into community networks and media. • Provide consistent access to multilingual heat safety content in areas with high heat vulnerability. • Enhance outreach to include information on supporting at-risk populations, including low-income seniors and people with disabilities. Long-Term Objectives • Ensure equitable access to heat preparedness information for all residents, particularly those in the hottest areas of King County. • Make multilingual heat safety resources a consistent part of community resilience and public health efforts. • Foster long-term partnerships between King County, local governments, and community organizations for heat safety outreach and preparedness. Implementation Plan/Actions • Co-create culturally relevant content: Partner with community-based organizations, service providers, and residents to develop heat safety materials that reflect community needs and priorities. • Expand distribution networks: Work with local, multilingual media and community-trusted organizations to adapt and distribute heat safety information in multiple languages through various formats (e.g., printed materials, digital media, video). • Integrate heat safety into pre-summer messaging: Begin heat safety messaging early in the year, especially to encourage the purchase of cooling devices during the off-season. • Focus on high-risk communities: Prioritize outreach to areas with the highest temperatures and most limited English-speaking populations. • Collaborate on cross-strategy multilingual materials: Develop multilingual resources related to heat safety, in- AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-43 home support for vulnerable populations, urban tree canopy management, and energy efficiency. • Facilitate access via an online clearinghouse: Add multilingual heat safety materials to the extreme heat online clearinghouse (Action 19: Partnerships for Implementation) for easier access. Performance Measure • Increased distribution of multilingual heat safety materials, measured by the number of materials distributed and the reach of messaging. • Increased engagement with community-based organizations and media partners to co-create and distribute content. • Higher levels of community awareness and preparedness for heat events, as measured through surveys and feedback. • Reduced language and cultural barriers to heat safety information, as indicated by the number of communities with limited English proficiency receiving the materials. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-44 20.7.10 Enhanced Cooling Centers Lead KCOEM Partners Local Community Organizers ECO Hazards Mitigated Extreme Weather Funding Sources and Estimated Costs County budget, grants, public-private partnerships (cost estimation to be determined) Vision To increase awareness, accessibility, and utilization of public cooling centers in King County, ensuring all residents, especially those in heat-impacted neighborhoods, have safe, reliable access to cooling during extreme heat events. Description In response to community feedback and surveys by King County’s Office of Emergency Management, there is a need for increased awareness, access, and services at existing public cooling centers. This action focuses on increasing the utilization of these centers through staffing improvements, enhanced amenities, and better transportation options, particularly targeting communities with elevated heat risks. Although cooling centers are available, utilization has been low, primarily due to a lack of awareness, family-friendly programming, and transportation barriers. This action calls for collaborative efforts to address these challenges and increase accessibility. 2-Year Objectives • Increase public awareness of cooling center locations and services. • Improve transportation options to cooling centers, particularly in heat- impacted neighborhoods. • Enhance amenities at cooling centers, such as snacks, water, Wi-Fi, and device charging capabilities. • Increase staff capacity and operational budgets to ensure extended hours of access. 5-Year Objectives • Achieve a significant increase in the utilization rates of public cooling centers, especially in identified heat islands and underserved communities. • Establish a comprehensive, multilingual communications strategy for cooling center outreach and updates during heat events. • Ensure long-term sustainability of funding for cooling center operations and staffing. Long-Term Objectives • Ensure year-round, reliable cooling center access for King County residents during extreme heat events. • Create a model of community engagement and center utilization that can be replicated in other regions facing similar challenges. • Establish consistent funding and infrastructure to support cooling centers as essential community resources. Implementation Plan/Actions • Collaborate with local governments and agencies to identify gaps in cooling center services and transportation access, particularly in heat-impacted neighborhoods. • Promote transit options to and from cooling centers, ensuring accessibility for all community members. • Provide incentives at cooling centers, including snacks, bottled water, Wi-Fi access, and charging stations. • Increase communications and outreach about cooling center availability, focusing on heat events, multilingual messaging, and disability accessibility. • Budget for additional staff and operational resources to support extended hours and improved services at cooling centers. Performance Measure • Increased utilization of cooling centers, measured by attendance data and community feedback. • Greater awareness as indicated by surveys and outreach tracking. • Improved accessibility, measured by transportation utilization rates and increased family participation in programs. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-45 • Satisfaction levels of residents accessing cooling centers, as measured through surveys and community engagement. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-46 20.7.11 Shake Alert Sign Up Campaign Lead KCOEM Partners WAEMD USGS Local Jurisdictions Hazards Mitigated Earthquake Funding Sources and Estimated Costs General Fund FEMA Preparedness Grants Vision To ensure that all King County residents are registered for ShakeAlert to receive timely earthquake early warnings, enabling them to take immediate protective actions to reduce injury and property damage during seismic events. Description ShakeAlert provides critical early warnings seconds before an earthquake strikes, allowing residents to take protective actions such as "Drop, Cover, and Hold On." Despite its importance, many King County residents remain unaware of ShakeAlert or are not registered to receive notifications. This strategy will focus on increasing awareness of the system, educating residents on how to sign up, and expanding accessibility to ensure that ShakeAlert reaches all King County residents, especially those in vulnerable communities. 2-Year Objectives • Conduct at least 10 public outreach events in community centers, schools, and libraries to promote ShakeAlert • Distribute ShakeAlert promotional materials to 100,000 households in King County • Launch a targeted social media and digital advertising campaign to educate residents about ShakeAlert • Implement ShakeAlert registration in at least 50 local schools and businesses 5-Year Objectives • Achieve a 50% increase in ShakeAlert registrations across all demographics in King County • Establish permanent partnerships with schools, libraries, and community organizations to continue ShakeAlert education and registration • Integrate ShakeAlert information into existing emergency preparedness initiatives across King County • Expand ShakeAlert accessibility to populations with limited access to smartphones or the internet Long-Term Objectives • Ensure that 90% of King County residents are registered for ShakeAlert • Establish King County as a national model for earthquake early warning systems, with widespread participation • Foster a resilient community where earthquake preparedness is ingrained in daily life Implementation Plan/Actions • Community Outreach and Engagement: Conduct in-person outreach at local community centers, schools, and libraries to demonstrate ShakeAlert registration and educate residents about the system's importance. • Partnership with Schools and Businesses: Collaborate with local schools and businesses to encourage staff and students to register for ShakeAlert, ensuring that these groups are well-informed and can spread the message to families. • Public Awareness Campaign: Use digital and traditional media (TV, radio, social media) to spread the word about ShakeAlert. Develop eye-catching ads that explain how to register and the benefits of receiving early earthquake warnings. • Multilingual Outreach: Provide materials in multiple languages spoken in King County, such as Spanish, Chinese, and Somali, to ensure wide accessibility. • Incentivize Registration: Host contests or offer small prizes for residents who sign up and engage in ShakeAlert awareness campaigns. • Mobile App Partnerships: Work with mobile phone carriers to include ShakeAlert sign-up prompts or integration directly within their apps to make the process seamless for users. • Targeted Education for Vulnerable Populations: Focus on outreach efforts to populations that may be harder to reach, including seniors, low-income households, and people with disabilities, providing them with information on how to register for ShakeAlert via different methods (e.g., text messages, landline phones, apps). AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-47 Performance Measure • Registration Metrics: Track the number of new ShakeAlert sign-ups in King County over time and measure the percentage increase in registrations. • Outreach Effectiveness: Monitor participation in community events, workshops, and other outreach efforts, measuring attendance and engagement through sign-up rates. • Social Media Engagement: Evaluate the effectiveness of digital campaigns through social media analytics, such as likes, shares, comments, and click-through rates on ShakeAlert registration links. • Demographic Data: Assess the demographic breakdown of ShakeAlert registrants (e.g., age, language, location) to ensure equitable access and participation across all communities in King County. • Community Feedback: Collect feedback from community organizations, schools, and local leaders to evaluate the impact of outreach efforts and identify areas for improvement. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-48 20.7.12 Increase Alert King County Registrations Lead KCOEM Partners Local Jurisdictions Hazards Mitigated Avalanche Civil Disorder Cyber Incident Dam Failure Earthquake Flood Hazardous Materials Health Incident Landslide Extreme Weather Terrorism Tsunami Volcano Wildfire Funding Sources and Estimated Costs General Budget Vision To increase the number of residents signed up for Alert King County by fostering community awareness, engagement, and trust, ensuring that all residents receive timely emergency alerts to protect life and property. Description Alert King County is a critical system for delivering emergency notifications to King County residents. However, a large portion of the population remains unregistered, especially among underserved communities, people with disabilities, and those with limited access to technology. This strategy will focus on outreach, education, and incentives to increase sign-ups, with particular emphasis on those vulnerable populations. By engaging residents and community organizations, we aim to raise awareness about the importance of timely alerts for disaster preparedness. 2-Year Objectives • Increase Alert King County registrations by 20% • Expand outreach to at least 50 community organizations and institutions • Host at least 10 community events focused on Alert King County registration • Collaborate with local schools and libraries to reach families and seniors • Develop multilingual promotional materials and outreach methods 5-Year Objectives • Achieve a 50% increase in Alert King County sign-ups across all demographic groups • Establish sustainable, ongoing partnerships with local organizations to ensure consistent outreach • Integrate Alert King County registration into emergency preparedness training and public health campaigns • Improve access to Alert King County for residents with disabilities or those without smartphones or internet access Long-Term Objectives • Ensure 90% of King County residents are signed up for Alert King County • Create a robust public engagement model that can be adopted by other regions in Washington State • Foster an emergency preparedness culture that includes all communities, particularly vulnerable populations AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-49 Implementation Plan/Actions • Develop a Comprehensive Communication Campaign: Launch targeted digital, print, and in-person outreach efforts. Use local radio, social media, and direct mail to inform residents about the benefits of registering. • Host Community Registration Events: Work with local libraries, community centers, schools, and places of worship to set up registration booths and provide live demonstrations. • Incentivize Registration: Offer rewards or incentives, such as raffle entries for prizes, to encourage people to sign up. • Collaborate with Local Media: Engage local news outlets to broadcast reminders and alerts about Alert King County registration. • Multilingual Outreach: Provide materials and registration assistance in Spanish, Russian, Somali, Mandarin, and other languages spoken in King County. • Train Community Leaders: Educate community leaders on the importance of emergency alerts, so they can share the information with their networks and encourage sign-ups. • Address Accessibility Needs: Partner with organizations that serve people with disabilities to ensure that Alert King County registration is accessible to all. Performance Measure • Registration Metrics: Track the number of new registrants over time and compare it to baseline data to gauge the increase in sign-ups. • Engagement Analytics: Measure the effectiveness of outreach campaigns through website analytics (e.g., clicks on registration links), social media interactions, and event attendance. • Community Feedback: Gather feedback from community organizations and participants to assess the impact of outreach efforts. • Demographic Breakdown: Track the demographic breakdown of registrants (e.g., age, race, language, location) to ensure equitable outreach efforts. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-50 20.7.13 King County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Lead KCOEM Partners KCSO DNRP KCD KCECO Hazards Mitigated Wildfire Funding Sources and Estimated Costs HMGP/FEMA/State Grants Vision To develop a county-scale Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) for King County that enhances resilience against wildfire risks through proactive planning, stakeholder collaboration, and public involvement. This CWPP will ensure the county’s preparedness, response, and recovery capabilities are robust, inclusive, and community-driven. Description The King County Office of Emergency Management (KCOEM) is spearheading the development of King County’s first county-scale Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP). Over the next 18 months, KCOEM will hire a Temporary Limited Term planner to lead the planning process, working alongside key local agencies and jurisdictions. The CWPP will be developed through stakeholder collaboration, involving public, private, and Tribal entities to enhance wildfire preparedness, response, and recovery across King County. The plan will include a county-wide risk assessment, capabilities assessment, public outreach, and prioritization of mitigation actions. 2-Year Objectives • Hire and onboard a Temporary Limited Term planner to lead the CWPP development. • Develop a comprehensive risk assessment using GIS tools to identify wildfire risks and vulnerable populations in King County. • Complete the first draft of the CWPP and begin public outreach and community engagement. • Facilitate workshops with stakeholders and local communities to ensure a broad, inclusive planning process. 5-Year Objectives • Finalize and submit the King County CWPP for Federal and State review. • Create annexes for individual communities to provide detailed, localized wildfire mitigation plans. • Develop prioritized mitigation actions based on the risk assessment, forest health, and community input. • Implement priority wildfire risk reduction actions, including fuels reduction and structural hardening projects. Long-Term Objectives • Achieve increased resilience of King County forests and infrastructure to wildfire risks. • Enhance the wildfire preparedness, response, and recovery systems for all communities within the county. • Ensure ongoing public engagement and updates to the CWPP to reflect evolving wildfire risks and mitigation strategies. Implementation Plan/Actions • Convene a core planning team from relevant county departments, agencies, and external partners. • Conduct risk assessments, including overlaying critical infrastructure, vulnerable populations, and historical wildfire data in a unified GIS tool. • Perform community outreach, surveys, and meetings to gather local knowledge and input. • Develop and prioritize mitigation actions, focusing on fuels reduction, defensible space, and structural hardening across the county. • Facilitate the creation of annexes for individual communities, offering tailored wildfire mitigation strategies. • Ensure the CWPP aligns with broader state and national wildfire strategies, including the National Cohesive Wildland Fire Management Strategy. Performance Measure • Completion of the CWPP within 18 months, with ongoing updates to the annexes. • Engagement of key stakeholders, local communities, and the public throughout the planning process. • Number of mitigation actions prioritized and completed, as well as funding secured for implementation. • Feedback and participation levels from affected communities, particularly vulnerable populations in the WUI. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-51 20.7.14 Integration of Hazard Mitigation into County Plans Lead KCOEM Partners All County Agencies Hazards Mitigated Avalanche Civil Disorder Cyber Incident Dam Failure Earthquake Flood Hazardous Materials Health Incident Landslide Extreme Weather Terrorism Tsunami Volcano Wildfire Funding Sources and Estimated Costs County Budget Vision To ensure that hazard mitigation strategies are seamlessly integrated into all current King County plans, strengthening the community's resilience to disasters and reducing long-term risk to lives, property, and infrastructure. Description The King County Office of Emergency Management (KCOEM) will lead efforts to integrate hazard mitigation strategies into existing countywide planning processes. This will involve updating current plans—such as the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP), land use planning, transportation, and infrastructure development—so that mitigation actions are explicitly included and prioritized. By embedding hazard mitigation into these planning documents, KCOEM will enhance long-term resilience, reduce future disaster impacts, and ensure that mitigation strategies are a consistent part of local government and community actions. The integration process will engage stakeholders, incorporate data-driven risk assessments, and ensure that mitigation actions are incorporated into all planning phases, from preparedness to recovery. 2-Year Objectives • Conduct an inventory of all existing King County plans and identify opportunities for hazard mitigation integration. • Develop a framework for embedding hazard mitigation strategies into key county planning documents. • Work with local jurisdictions to align hazard mitigation with existing regional plans, including the Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan. • Integrate risk reduction measures into at least two major planning documents (e.g., transportation or land use plans). • Provide training and resources for 5-Year Objectives • Ensure hazard mitigation strategies are fully integrated into at least 75% of all major King County planning documents. • Establish a regular review process for incorporating updated hazard mitigation information into planning documents and procedures. • Collaborate with local governments and regional partners to incorporate mitigation into hazard-specific plans (e.g., floodplain management, wildfire prevention, heat preparedness). • Build capacity for communities to implement hazard mitigation actions Long-Term Objectives • Achieve widespread adoption of hazard mitigation strategies across all King County plans, ensuring a holistic approach to disaster resilience. • Create a long-term, sustainable framework for ongoing integration of hazard mitigation into new plans and projects. • Foster a culture of resilience where hazard mitigation is a standard consideration for all county planning and development activities. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-52 county departments and local governments on incorporating hazard mitigation into their operations and planning. through grants, funding programs, and technical support. Implementation Plan/Actions • Conduct an assessment of current plans: Review King County’s existing plans and identify gaps where hazard mitigation strategies can be integrated (e.g., CEMP, Comprehensive Plan, transportation plans, capital improvement plans). • Develop a hazard mitigation integration framework: Create a standard framework for including hazard mitigation actions and policies in all relevant county plans, with clear guidelines and objectives for each department and jurisdiction. • Engage stakeholders: Collaborate with local governments, community organizations, and other stakeholders to ensure that hazard mitigation strategies are reflective of community needs and priorities. • Update plans: Integrate specific hazard mitigation actions and strategies into at least two major planning documents, and ensure that new planning processes include mitigation considerations. • Provide training and support: Offer training and resources to King County departments and local governments on how to include hazard mitigation strategies in their planning processes, including best practices and available funding sources. • Track and review: Implement a process for ongoing tracking, monitoring, and updating of hazard mitigation integration efforts to ensure continued alignment with county goals and evolving hazard risks. Performance Measure • Number of King County plans that integrate hazard mitigation strategies, tracked by specific document reviews and updates. • Percentage of departments and jurisdictions that have adopted the hazard mitigation integration framework into their planning processes. • Feedback from stakeholders, including community organizations and local governments, on the effectiveness and relevance of integrated mitigation strategies. • Number of hazard mitigation actions implemented from countywide plans. • Progress on reducing risk and enhancing resilience in specific hazard areas, measured through post-event analysis and risk assessments. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-53 20.7.15 King County Flood Warning Center Lead DNRP Partners NWS PHSKC KCOEM Hazards Mitigated Flood Funding Sources and Estimated Costs County Budget Vision To ensure timely and effective flood warnings and response actions for King County residents, minimizing loss of life, property damage, and public health risks during flood events. Description The King County Flood Warning Center (FWC) provides critical flood monitoring, alerts, and decision support during flood events in King County. The FWC utilizes a combination of real-time flood monitoring tools, hydrologic modeling, and collaboration with local agencies and the National Weather Service to provide flood forecasts and warnings. It works closely with local jurisdictions and public health agencies to ensure communities have the necessary information to protect lives, property, and the environment. The center also supports public outreach, ensuring flood information is accessible, especially for vulnerable populations. 2-Year Objectives • Improve real-time flood monitoring and forecasting capabilities to enhance flood warnings. • Expand community outreach and flood awareness programs, ensuring residents understand flood risks and warnings. • Develop and distribute multilingual flood preparedness materials. • Strengthen coordination with local jurisdictions and agencies to ensure efficient flood response. • Continue improving flood mapping and risk assessment tools. 5-Year Objectives • Increase community trust and engagement with flood warning systems through outreach and educational programs. • Enhance the capacity of the FWC to issue timely, accurate flood warnings across all flood-prone areas. • Develop an integrated flood response plan that involves all local, regional, and state partners. • Provide equitable flood warning and preparedness materials for all King County communities, with a focus on underserved populations. Long-Term Objectives • Establish a fully integrated and automated flood warning system that can predict and respond to flood events across King County in real-time. • Build long-term resilience in communities, reducing vulnerability to flooding through education, infrastructure improvements, and emergency preparedness. • Expand floodplain management strategies to reduce future flood risks and enhance sustainable flood mitigation efforts. Implementation Plan/Actions • Enhance flood monitoring capabilities: Continue to upgrade and integrate flood monitoring tools, hydrologic models, and real-time data from streams and rivers. • Increase public awareness: Provide ongoing public education on flood preparedness through workshops, outreach programs, and multilingual resources. • Collaborate with local and regional partners: Coordinate flood monitoring and warning efforts with local governments, public health agencies, and the National Weather Service to provide timely, accurate information to communities. • Improve accessibility: Develop and distribute flood warning alerts and preparedness materials in multiple languages to ensure accessibility for all residents. • Refine flood forecasting: Invest in tools and resources to improve the accuracy of flood forecasting, integrating new technologies and data sources. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-54 Performance Measure • Timeliness and accuracy of flood warnings issued by the FWC, measured by the lead time provided before flood events. • Increased public awareness and understanding of flood risks, as assessed through surveys and community engagement. • Number of communities reached through multilingual flood preparedness messaging. • Reduced flood-related impacts in communities, such as property damage or loss of life, as measured through post- event assessments and data analysis. • Enhanced coordination and response times among local, regional, and state partners during flood events. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-55 20.7.16 Update Liquefaction Mapping in King County Lead DNRP GIS Partners EMD USGS KCOEM Hazards Mitigated Earthquake Funding Sources and Estimated Costs KC General Fund HMGP Vision Enhance community resilience in King County by updating and improving liquefaction hazard mapping, leading to better-informed land use planning, infrastructure development, and disaster preparedness in areas vulnerable to liquefaction during seismic events. Description Liquefaction, a process where saturated soil temporarily loses strength during an earthquake, poses a significant risk to buildings, infrastructure, and people in King County, particularly in low-lying areas. While previous mapping efforts have identified many areas at risk, updated and more accurate mapping, including new geotechnical data, advancements in seismic research, and changing land-use patterns, is needed to better understand the spatial distribution and intensity of liquefaction hazards. The updated liquefaction hazard maps will inform land-use policies, zoning, building codes, emergency preparedness plans, and mitigation strategies, ultimately reducing the risk of property damage, loss of life, and economic disruption in the event of a significant seismic event. 2-Year Objectives • Conduct a comprehensive review of existing liquefaction hazard maps and identify areas requiring new data or more refined analysis. • Secure funding and develop partnerships with state, local, and federal agencies. • Complete geotechnical field studies in key areas of King County to update soil and seismic data. • Develop a draft of the updated liquefaction hazard maps for peer review. 5-Year Objectives • Finalize and publish the updated liquefaction hazard maps for King County. • Integrate updated maps into local land-use planning and development guidelines. • Conduct a series of outreach programs and workshops to educate local governments, developers, and the public about the updated maps and their implications. • Implement mitigation strategies based on the updated maps, including targeted infrastructure improvements and building code updates. Long-Term Objectives • Monitor the effectiveness of the updated liquefaction maps and mitigation measures in reducing risk to people, property, and infrastructure. • Expand the scope of the liquefaction mapping to cover areas outside of King County with potential future seismic risks. • Continue ongoing data collection and modeling to refine maps as seismic research advances. • Ensure continuous integration of updated maps into emergency management systems and protocols. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-56 Implementation Plan/Actions Year 1-2 • Coordinate with the Washington State EMD, USGS, and local jurisdictions to establish the scope of the project and secure funding. • Identify critical areas of King County lacking detailed liquefaction data and prioritize them for field studies. • Conduct geotechnical surveys and collect new data in high-priority areas (e.g., downtown Seattle, Bellevue, and South King County). • Revise and update the preliminary liquefaction hazard maps. • Review existing policies and zoning codes to incorporate updated hazard mapping requirements. Year 3-5 • Conduct peer reviews of the updated maps with seismic experts and stakeholders to ensure accuracy and applicability. • Finalize the updated liquefaction hazard maps and publish them online and in public forums. • Integrate the updated maps into King County’s GIS system and collaborate with local municipalities to update their land-use and building codes. • Develop and implement an outreach strategy to inform developers, planners, and residents about the new data and its implications for construction and safety measures. • Explore funding for infrastructure improvements in identified high-risk areas. Ongoing • Monitor seismic events and update maps as necessary based on new data and research. • Periodically assess and refine mitigation measures to enhance community resilience. • Maintain and update collaboration with state, local, and federal agencies to ensure continuous improvement in hazard mitigation efforts. Performance Measure • Completion of updated liquefaction hazard maps by the end of Year 2. • Integration of updated maps into at least 80% of local jurisdictions' land-use policies and building codes by Year 5. • Engagement with at least 500 stakeholders (e.g., community members, developers, emergency responders) through workshops, webinars, and outreach materials. • 75% of identified high-risk infrastructure sites implement mitigation measures (e.g., retrofitting, land-use restrictions) within five years of map publication. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-57 20.7.17 Expanding Roadway Access to Isolated Communities in Unincorporated King County Lead DLS -Roads Fire Districts Partners KCOEM Eastside Fire and Rescue Hazards Mitigated Wildfire Extreme Weather Funding Sources and Estimated Costs Existing Budget/BRIC/HMA Grants Vision To ensure that isolated communities in unincorporated King County have reliable and safe access routes for evacuation and emergency response, particularly during wildfire events and power outages. This strategy aims to enhance community resilience and improve public safety by reducing the risk of isolation during extreme events. Description Many isolated communities in unincorporated King County are vulnerable to wildfires and power outages due to limited or poorly maintained access roads. These roadways are crucial not only for evacuation but also for the delivery of essential services and the ability of emergency responders to reach affected areas. This strategy focuses on improving and expanding roadway access to these communities, ensuring that critical infrastructure can withstand and respond effectively to the challenges posed by wildfires, storms, and other natural disasters. Key actions include road upgrades, clearing vegetation to create defensible spaces, and building alternative routes to avoid blocked roads during emergencies. The project will focus on both short-term improvements (such as road widening, emergency turnouts, and vegetation management) and long-term efforts (such as permanent road upgrades and redundancy in evacuation routes). 2-Year Objectives • Conduct a comprehensive assessment of road access to all isolated communities in unincorporated King County, identifying the most critical and vulnerable areas. • Prioritize roadways in high-risk wildfire zones and areas with limited access to power grid infrastructure. • Initiate vegetation management and clearance along key roads to improve accessibility during wildfire events and storms. • Establish agreements with fire districts, emergency medical services, and utility companies to facilitate coordinated response efforts during emergencies. 5-Year Objectives • Complete roadway upgrades (e.g., widening, resurfacing) for the highest-priority access routes to isolated communities, focusing on fire-prone and remote areas. • Develop alternative evacuation routes in at least 50% of identified communities to reduce the risk of blockage from wildfire or flooding. • Improve road resilience by reinforcing infrastructure (e.g., reinforcing bridges, culverts, and other critical structures) to withstand extreme weather events and wildfire risks. • Complete community engagement efforts to inform residents about emergency preparedness, evacuation plans, and available access routes. Long-Term Objectives • Achieve 100% access to all identified isolated communities with multiple, resilient, and well-maintained evacuation routes that are safe during wildfire, storms, and power outages. • Ensure that all access routes are equipped with necessary emergency signage, lighting, and traffic management systems for easy navigation during crises. • Fully integrate the road access improvements with the King County Emergency Response Plan to ensure coordination between first responders, residents, and emergency services. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-58 • Secure long-term funding and partnerships to maintain roadways, manage vegetation, and ensure consistent access for emergency response and recovery efforts. Implementation Plan/Actions Initial Roadway Assessment & Community Engagement: • Complete a detailed analysis of current road conditions, identifying high-risk areas for wildfire or power outages. • Consult with community members to understand local challenges and needs regarding road access and emergency response. • Establish a prioritization framework for addressing the most urgent areas based on risk, accessibility, and population density. Roadway Improvements: • Begin widening key roads, particularly those serving remote areas, to allow for easier access for emergency vehicles, evacuation traffic, and utility crews. • Install emergency turnouts, pull-offs, and strategic points for firefighting vehicles to ensure better response times and safety. • Implement firebreaks and vegetation management along critical access roads to reduce the risk of road blockage due to wildfires or fallen trees. • Improve road signage, emergency markers, and reflective materials to aid nighttime navigation during power outages or smoke-filled conditions. Develop Alternative Routes: • Identify and design secondary or backup evacuation routes that could be used if primary roads are compromised by wildfires, flooding, or other events. • Construct or upgrade bridges, culverts, and other critical infrastructure to improve the durability of these alternative routes. • Work with landowners and local stakeholders to secure rights-of-way and easements for new roads or alternate routes. Coordination with Emergency Services: • Work with local fire districts, emergency medical services (EMS), and law enforcement to create coordinated evacuation plans and response protocols. • Train community members and emergency responders on the new road access options and the routes for evacuations. • Establish communication protocols for when roads become impassable or when alternative routes are needed during a crisis. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-59 Maintenance and Long-Term Sustainability: • Develop a long-term plan for maintaining and upgrading roadways, including regular vegetation management, pothole repairs, and culvert maintenance. • Seek federal, state, and local funding sources to sustain roadway improvements and ensure continued access for both regular use and during emergencies. • Monitor changes in climate and infrastructure to adapt the roadway network to future challenges, such as more frequent wildfires or heavier storm events. Performance Measure • Improvement in Access and Evacuation Times: Measure the reduction in evacuation times and the ability of emergency responders to reach isolated communities compared to baseline data. • Road Condition Assessment: Track improvements in the physical condition of roads, including road width, surface quality, and clearance levels for wildfire defense and emergency access. • Community Feedback and Engagement: Monitor community satisfaction through surveys to assess the effectiveness of the improvements and how well residents understand and use the new access routes. • Emergency Response Metrics: Measure the response times of fire, medical, and utility services to the upgraded areas, comparing pre- and post-upgrade metrics. • Frequency of Road Closures and Access Denials: Track the reduction in instances of blocked or impassable roads during wildfire and storm events. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-60 20.7.18 HVAC Upgrades for Extreme Weather Lead FMD PHSKC Partners KCOEM Hazards Mitigated Extreme Weather Funding Sources and Estimated Costs BRIC/FEMA/WAEMD Vision To enhance the resilience of King County facilities to extreme weather events by upgrading HVAC systems to ensure reliable temperature control, air quality, and energy efficiency, safeguarding public health and infrastructure, while reducing long-term operational costs. Description The purpose of this hazard mitigation strategy is to ensure that King County’s facilities are equipped with HVAC systems that can effectively handle extreme weather conditions. These upgrades will address the increasing frequency of heatwaves, cold snaps, wildfires, and other weather-related events that can disrupt normal operations and threaten the safety and comfort of occupants. These improvements include the installation of climate-resilient systems capable of maintaining optimal indoor conditions, even during power outages or extreme environmental conditions. The strategy will involve the integration of smart HVAC technologies, renewable energy sources (solar, battery storage), and emergency air filtration systems to protect public health in the event of poor outdoor air quality. 2-Year Objectives • Conduct a comprehensive audit of all King County facilities’ HVAC systems to assess current vulnerabilities to extreme weather conditions. • Prioritize facilities based on usage, vulnerability to climate risks, and the population served, focusing on high-risk areas first. • Implement immediate upgrades to HVAC systems in high-priority facilities (e.g., public health centers, emergency shelters, senior housing). • Establish a task force to evaluate HVAC system designs, incorporating energy efficiency, sustainability, and climate adaptability. 5-Year Objectives • Complete HVAC system upgrades for at least 75% of all county facilities in high-risk areas, including smart thermostats, emergency power backup, and air filtration systems. • Install renewable energy-powered HVAC units or integrate battery storage systems in at least 30% of King County facilities. • Improve air quality monitoring systems and ensure that HVAC systems can filter out smoke and pollutants from wildfire events in all key facilities. • Develop a county-wide emergency HVAC operations plan for use during extreme weather events or power outages. Long-Term Objectives • Achieve 100% HVAC system resilience in all King County facilities, with real-time monitoring and automatic adjustments for extreme weather. • Reduce the county's carbon footprint from HVAC operations by 40% through sustainable energy solutions, such as solar and geothermal systems. • Establish King County as a regional model for climate-resilient public infrastructure, with HVAC systems that are adaptable, energy- efficient, and environmentally sustainable. • Integrate HVAC resilience into broader climate adaptation strategies for King County. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-61 Implementation Plan/Actions 1. HVAC System Audit: o Conduct detailed assessments of all existing HVAC systems in King County facilities to determine areas of improvement. o Identify facilities at highest risk based on location, function, and building age. o Establish a baseline for energy use, HVAC system age, and vulnerabilities. 2. System Design & Selection: o Research and select HVAC technologies that provide optimal resilience for extreme temperatures, air quality, and energy efficiency. o Focus on systems that are capable of utilizing renewable energy sources, especially solar or wind power, where feasible. o Develop a comprehensive retrofit plan for each facility based on audit findings. 3. Upgrade Implementation: o Begin upgrades in facilities with the greatest immediate need, such as hospitals, shelters, senior centers, and community hubs. o Install smart thermostats, backup power solutions (battery storage), and high-efficiency filters. o Include systems that can adjust to extreme weather patterns (e.g., high heat or low temperatures). 4. Staff Training & Emergency Planning: o Train maintenance staff and facility managers in HVAC system operation and emergency protocols. o Develop standard operating procedures (SOPs) for HVAC systems during power outages or extreme weather. o Integrate HVAC operations into King County’s broader emergency response plans. 5. Public Engagement & Communication: o Provide community outreach regarding HVAC improvements, focusing on vulnerable populations that may be affected by extreme weather events (e.g., seniors, low-income residents). o Ensure all facility occupants are informed of HVAC system changes, particularly in terms of air quality and temperature regulation during emergencies. Performance Measure • HVAC system performance during extreme weather events: Measure the ability of upgraded systems to maintain comfortable and safe indoor environments during heatwaves, cold spells, or power outages. • Energy savings and sustainability metrics: Track reductions in energy consumption and carbon footprint in facilities with upgraded HVAC systems. • Public health outcomes: Monitor the incidence of heat-related illnesses, respiratory issues due to poor air quality, and other health impacts before and after HVAC upgrades. • Completion rates for HVAC system upgrades: Measure the percentage of King County facilities with upgraded HVAC systems over the 2-year, 5-year, and long-term objectives. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-62 20.7.19 KC Zone Program Lead KCOEM Partners Zone 1 & 3 Partner jurisdiction and special purpose districts and unincorporated county. Hazards Mitigated: Avalanche Civil Disorder Cyber Incident Dam Failure Earthquake Flood Hazardous Materials Health Incident Landslide Extreme Weather Terrorism Tsunami Volcano Wildfire Funding Sources and Estimated Costs ~$220k Vision Overall, the role of the Zone Liaison is to promote, support, and facilitate regional coordination, communication, and collaboration, in an effort to unify and/or connect region-wide emergency management practices, with the aim of maximizing benefits from individual efforts and reducing redundancies. Description The focus of these regional efforts will be developed in partnership with King County Emergency Management and the zone partners, with input and advice from the Regional Emergency Managers group (the designated emergency manager for each city) and the Emergency Management Advisory Committee (EMAC). 2-Year Objectives • By the end of two years, the Zone Liaison will have achieved 75% participation in monthly meetings with all zone agencies, facilitated the completion of at least 24 zone- wide meetings, and supported six regional training or exercise initiatives. The Zone Liaison will also ensure timely situational updates and emergency activation responses, improving regional coordination and preparedness outcomes. 5-Year Objectives • Within five years, the Zone Liaison will have established a robust network of engaged zone partners, evidenced by 85% compliance with meeting and training objectives, and increased participation in preparedness initiatives across all partner agencies. This effort will enhance regional emergency management capabilities and ensure seamless collaboration during emergencies and planned events. Long-Term Objectives • The Zone Liaison will serve as a cornerstone for sustainable regional emergency management practices, fostering enduring partnerships and achieving measurable improvements in preparedness and operational readiness across all mission areas. Through consistent leadership and innovation, the Zone Liaison will help create a unified, resilient region capable of addressing evolving threats and challenges AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-63 Implementation Plan/Actions • Facilitate Regional Coordination: Represent zone partners' interests at regional and state emergency management events, ensuring their needs and concerns are addressed in work plans and capability assessments. • Maintain Situational Awareness: Regularly collect and distribute updates on training, exercises, planning efforts, and operational issues to King County Emergency Management and regional partners. • Strengthen Relationships: Meet individually with each zone agency and organization monthly to foster collaboration, mentorship, and stakeholder engagement in preparedness efforts. • Lead Preparedness Initiatives: Organize and facilitate monthly zone-wide meetings, lead training and exercise programs, and assist in the development of plans, policies, and tools to enhance regional capabilities. • Support Emergency Operations: Act as a liaison during emergencies, ensuring effective communication and coordination between the zone, King County Emergency Management, and other partners. Performance Measure Facilitate Regional Coordination: • Measure: Attend at least 90% of regional and state emergency management events and meetings annually. • Measure: Submit quarterly reports demonstrating how zone partner needs and concerns are incorporated into regional work plans and capability assessments. Maintain Situational Awareness: • Measure: Provide at least biweekly situational awareness updates to King County Emergency Management, including information on training, exercises, and operational issues. • Measure: Ensure situational updates are shared with all zone partners within 48 hours of receiving new information relevant to the region. Strengthen Relationships: • Measure: Conduct one-on-one meetings with at least 95% of zone agencies and organizations each month. • Measure: Provide feedback from zone partners during quarterly reviews to demonstrate active engagement and relationship-building. Lead Preparedness Initiatives: • Measure: Organize and facilitate 12 monthly zone-wide meetings annually, with attendance from at least 80% of zone partners at each meeting. • Measure: Lead or support at least three training sessions, exercises, or plan development initiatives per quarter, with participation from multiple zone partners. Support Emergency Operations: • Measure: Respond to emergency activation requests within one hour, with a 100% response rate during activated events. • Measure: Provide a post-event report for each incident or event within 72 hours of its conclusion, highlighting actions taken and outcomes achieved. 20.7.20 Actively Manage Network Devices and Software AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-64 Lead KCIT Partners King County Risk Management Hazards Mitigated Cyber Incident Funding Sources and Estimated Costs General Fund Vision To establish a secure, streamlined, and adaptive IT environment within King County by actively managing network devices and software. Starting with a controlled, known baseline, King County will minimize attack surfaces and enhance its ability to adapt to dynamic cybersecurity threats. Description This strategy involves conducting a thorough inventory of all network devices and software within King County’s IT infrastructure. By identifying and removing unwanted, unneeded, or unexpected hardware and software, King County will significantly reduce its network's attack surface. Starting from a clean, known baseline allows for better control over the operational environment, making it easier to identify and mitigate security threats. Once the inventory is complete, ongoing active management will be key. This includes managing devices, applications, operating systems, and security configurations to ensure systems are secure, scalable, and adaptable. Active enterprise management enables King County to respond effectively to emerging threats while streamlining administrative tasks and optimizing resource allocation. 2-Year Objectives • Complete a comprehensive inventory of all devices and software across King County’s IT environment. • Remove at least 90% of unwanted, unneeded, or unexpected devices and software from the network. • Establish a baseline configuration for devices, applications, and security settings. • Implement a centralized management system to actively monitor and manage network devices and software. • Conduct regular audits to ensure compliance with the inventory and management processes. 5-Year Objectives • Achieve 100% accuracy in the inventory of devices and software across King County. • Fully integrate centralized management tools across all departments to streamline operations and improve response times. • Establish continuous monitoring systems for identifying and responding to changes or additions to the network that may introduce risks. • Reduce the number of security incidents related to unpatched software and unauthorized devices by at least 75%. Long-Term Objectives • Create a dynamic, scalable IT environment where all devices and software are continuously tracked, and the system automatically adapts to new threats. • Foster a culture of security awareness across all King County departments, where all personnel actively contribute to maintaining secure and controlled IT operations. • Achieve and maintain cybersecurity compliance with local, state, and federal regulations, particularly in areas related to system configuration and device management. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-65 Implementation Plan/Actions Conduct an Inventory of Network Devices and Software • Utilize automated inventory management tools to catalog all devices, applications, and software currently in use across King County’s network. • Work with department heads to ensure all devices and software are accounted for and included in the inventory. Remove Unwanted or Unnecessary Devices and Software • Identify and eliminate any unauthorized or redundant devices and software that do not contribute to operational needs or security. • Develop a decommissioning process for safely removing these devices from the network. Establish a Known Baseline for Security Configurations • Define and document a standard baseline for security configurations across devices, operating systems, and applications. • Apply these configurations uniformly across all departments to ensure consistency. Implement Centralized Management and Monitoring Systems • Deploy centralized tools for managing and monitoring the security configurations of devices and software. • Integrate these tools with existing cybersecurity measures for enhanced visibility and control. Ongoing Active Management and Adaptation • Continuously monitor and manage network devices, applications, and security configurations to ensure they remain secure and up-to-date. • Adapt the management practices to address emerging threats and scale with changing needs. Regular Audits and Compliance Checks • Conduct periodic audits to ensure compliance with the inventory and active management protocols. • Address any discrepancies or gaps identified during audits to maintain a secure environment. Performance Measure • Inventory Accuracy: Percentage of devices and software accurately inventoried and tracked within the system. • Reduction in Unauthorized Devices/Software: Percentage reduction in unapproved or unnecessary devices and software on the network. • Compliance with Baseline Configurations: Percentage of devices and systems configured according to the defined security baseline. • Incident Reduction: Reduction in the number of security incidents linked to unauthorized devices, software vulnerabilities, or misconfigurations. • Audit Compliance: Results of regular audits showing adherence to inventory and management policies. • Management Tool Integration: Percentage of departments using centralized management and monitoring tools for device and software management. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-66 20.7.21 Multi-Factor Authorization for King County Devices Lead KCIT Partners King County Risk Management Hazards Mitigated Cyber Incident Funding Sources and Estimated Costs General Fund Vision To strengthen King County’s cybersecurity posture by prioritizing the protection of accounts with elevated privileges, remote access, and high-value assets through the adoption of multi-factor authentication (MFA) and the reduction of reliance on single-factor authentication systems. Description This strategy focuses on enhancing authentication security across King County’s IT systems, particularly for high-risk accounts, including those with elevated privileges, remote access, and access to critical or sensitive assets. Single- factor authentication (SFA), such as password-based authentication, is vulnerable to a variety of threats, including credential theft, phishing attacks, and password reuse across systems. To mitigate these risks, King County will implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) with a focus on using physical token-based systems (e.g., smart cards, hardware tokens) to supplement knowledge-based factors such as passwords and PINs. This will significantly reduce the chances of unauthorized access, ensuring that even if a password is compromised, access to sensitive systems and data remains secure. The migration away from single-factor authentication to MFA will prioritize accounts that pose the highest risks, including administrative accounts, remote access accounts, and those tied to high-value assets. 2-Year Objectives • Implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all accounts with elevated privileges or remote access within the first year. • Complete a risk assessment to identify high-value assets and systems requiring immediate implementation of MFA. • Provide training for all IT staff and administrators on the secure use of MFA systems. 5-Year Objectives • Achieve 100% deployment of MFA across all user accounts with elevated privileges, remote access, and high-value assets. • Phase out the use of single-factor authentication across all non- administrative accounts. • Achieve a reduction in unauthorized access attempts and cyber incidents linked to credential theft by at least 75%. • Ensure compliance with federal and state cybersecurity standards and regulations for authentication systems. Long-Term Objectives • Establish King County as a leader in cybersecurity best practices, with MFA fully integrated across all IT systems and user access points. • Continuously evaluate and update authentication methods as new technologies and best practices emerge, maintaining the highest level of security. • Foster a cybersecurity- aware culture across King County where secure authentication practices are the norm. Implementation Plan/Actions 1. Identify High-Risk Accounts and Systems o Conduct a comprehensive audit of King County IT systems to identify accounts with elevated privileges, remote access, and access to high-value assets. o Prioritize MFA implementation for these accounts based on their associated risks. 2. Deploy Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-67 o Select and implement physical token-based MFA systems (e.g., hardware tokens, smart cards, biometric systems) for high-risk accounts. o Integrate MFA with existing authentication systems across King County’s IT infrastructure. 3. Migrate Away from Single-Factor Authentication (SFA) o Gradually phase out single-factor authentication for non-administrative accounts, replacing them with MFA systems. o Provide clear timelines and training for all staff members transitioning to MFA. 4. Training and Awareness o Provide training sessions for all relevant King County staff on the importance of MFA and how to use the new systems effectively. o Increase awareness of common authentication risks, such as phishing and password reuse, and educate staff on avoiding them. 5. Ongoing Monitoring and Evaluation o Continuously monitor the effectiveness of MFA deployment, tracking system usage and incidents related to authentication breaches. o Regularly evaluate and update MFA protocols to keep pace with emerging threats and new technologies. Performance Measure • MFA Deployment: Percentage of high-risk accounts protected by MFA. • Reduction in Breaches: Reduction in the number of unauthorized access incidents due to credential theft or misuse. • Staff Training: Percentage of relevant IT staff and users who have completed MFA training and are actively using MFA. • Compliance Rate: Percentage of King County systems compliant with the updated MFA policies. • Incident Monitoring: Number of cybersecurity incidents linked to authentication vulnerabilities after MFA implementation. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-68 20.7.22 Timely Software Updates from KCIT Lead KCIT Partners King County Risk Management Hazards Mitigated Cyber Incident Funding Sources and Estimated Costs KCIT Budget Vision To ensure King County’s IT systems remain secure and resilient by applying all available software updates immediately, automating the update process wherever possible, and maintaining a high level of vigilance against threats, reducing the risk of exploitations and ensuring the integrity of county systems Description This strategy aims to implement a robust software update and patch management process to protect King County’s IT systems from vulnerabilities. Cybersecurity threats, especially those related to unpatched software, are a significant risk to public safety and data security. Threat actors often take advantage of delays in patching, using exploits shortly after a patch is released—referred to as N-day exploits. The strategy emphasizes the importance of rapid, thorough software updates, using automation tools to ensure timely application of patches, and relying on authenticated vendor updates delivered through secure channels. By automating the patching process and ensuring updates are applied promptly, King County will reduce the time available for threat actors to exploit vulnerabilities, thereby minimizing the risk of breaches or system failures. 2-Year Objectives • Implement an automated patch management system across all critical King County IT systems. • Apply 100% of available software updates within 24 hours of release, reducing patch application times significantly. • Establish an authentication verification process for all vendor- provided software updates to ensure integrity. • Conduct quarterly internal audits to assess the effectiveness of patch management. 5-Year Objectives • Ensure that 100% of all county- wide systems are covered by the automated patch management system. • Achieve a reduction in cyber incidents related to unpatched software vulnerabilities by 75%. • Partner with vendors to streamline update delivery processes and integrate further security measures into patching protocols. • Regularly update training for IT staff on the latest patch management tools and security trends. Long-Term Objectives • Establish King County as a leader in cybersecurity resilience within local government by ensuring all software systems are continuously updated and secure. • Create a dynamic cybersecurity culture across King County departments, where proactive patching and security measures are ingrained in daily operations. • Achieve zero successful exploitation of known vulnerabilities in County systems within 12 months of patch release. Implementation Plan/Actions Automate Software Updates • Deploy patch management automation tools to ensure all critical systems automatically receive and apply updates. • Work with key departments to ensure integration of automated patching into day-to-day IT operations. Vendor Coordination and Authentication AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-69 • Set up a system to only accept vendor updates that are signed and transmitted over secure channels, ensuring the integrity of all patches. • Work with vendors to streamline update delivery and verify authenticity of updates. Patch Cycle Management • Create and enforce a policy that software patches are applied within 24 hours of release for critical vulnerabilities. • Develop a detailed patching calendar that aligns with known release cycles of major software vendors. Monitoring and Reporting • Monitor the status of updates across all systems and ensure compliance with patching timelines. • Implement dashboards and alerts for IT staff to track update status in real-time. Training and Awareness • Provide continuous training for IT staff on best practices for patch management and cybersecurity. • Raise awareness across departments about the importance of timely software updates. Performance Measure • Patch Application Speed: Percentage of software patches applied within 24 hours of release. • Automation Coverage: Percentage of IT systems covered by the automated patch management system. • Incident Reduction: Reduction in the number of cybersecurity incidents related to known unpatched vulnerabilities. • Audit Results: Results of quarterly patch management audits, measuring compliance and effectiveness. • Staff Training: Number of IT staff trained on patch management best practices and tools. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-70 20.7.23 Creation of County Wide Recovery Plan Lead KCOEM Partners DNRP PHSKC ECO FEMA Hazards Mitigated Avalanche Civil Disorder Cyber Incident Dam Failure Earthquake Flood Hazardous Materials Health Incident Landslide Extreme Weather Terrorism Tsunami Volcano Wildfire Funding Sources and Estimated Costs General Fund Vision To create a comprehensive, resilient, and flexible county-wide recovery plan that effectively addresses the unique needs of all communities in King County, ensuring a swift and equitable recovery process after disasters. This plan will integrate community needs, enhance preparedness, and optimize resource allocation, providing clear guidance for a seamless recovery effort. Description The goal of this strategy is to update and enhance King County’s County-Wide Recovery Plan, ensuring that it reflects current risks, best practices, and lessons learned from past disasters. The plan will improve the coordination between local municipalities, agencies, and partners, integrating the entire county into the recovery process. It will focus on an equitable, community-driven recovery approach, with particular attention given to vulnerable and underserved populations. The updated plan will address key areas of recovery, such as housing, public health, infrastructure, utilities, and economic recovery, providing specific action items, timelines, and responsibilities. Additionally, the plan will be flexible to accommodate different types and scales of disasters, ensuring that King County can respond effectively to both common and rare events. 2-Year Objectives • Complete a comprehensive review of the current recovery plan and identify gaps or outdated sections. • Engage with at least 15 community organizations to incorporate their perspectives into the updated plan. • Conduct a series of public workshops and stakeholder meetings to gather input and feedback from King County residents and local leaders. 5-Year Objectives • Fully integrate recovery planning with King County’s hazard mitigation strategies. • Establish a coordinated recovery task force composed of key agencies, local governments, and community representatives. • Develop a county-wide recovery resource network, including logistics, supplies, and personnel, that can be quickly activated during an emergency. Long-Term Objectives • Achieve a recovery plan that is adaptable, scalable, and inclusive, with a focus on the most vulnerable populations and critical infrastructure. • Ensure that King County’s recovery processes are fully integrated with state and federal systems, enabling swift resource AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-71 • Develop and implement an updated recovery framework with clear action steps for each recovery phase (immediate, short-term, long-term). • Update the recovery plan to reflect new hazards, such as climate change-related events, and new recovery needs, such as mental health and economic recovery. • Implement a training program for recovery personnel across King County, ensuring readiness for all disaster recovery phases. • Conduct a large-scale recovery exercise with local municipalities to test the updated plan’s effectiveness. allocation and coordination. • Foster a culture of continuous improvement through annual updates, community engagement, and post-disaster reviews. • Create a recovery plan that is recognized as a model for other counties across the state or region, with lessons learned shared widely. Implementation Plan/Actions Comprehensive Review and Assessment • Conduct a detailed review of the current county-wide recovery plan. • Identify areas where the plan is outdated, insufficient, or needs to be enhanced based on emerging threats (e.g., climate change). • Engage emergency management experts, local municipalities, and community stakeholders to evaluate the plan’s effectiveness. Community and Stakeholder Engagement • Host public workshops and focus groups to solicit feedback on the recovery plan from residents, local businesses, and community organizations. • Collaborate with vulnerable communities to ensure the plan reflects their specific needs and concerns during recovery. • Build partnerships with local utilities, transportation authorities, and non-profit groups to understand their recovery roles and challenges. Plan Update and Enhancement • Revise and update the recovery plan with current data, guidelines, and best practices for disaster recovery. • Create clear, actionable steps for recovery in critical areas such as housing, public health, economic recovery, and infrastructure restoration. • Integrate recovery strategies into King County’s overall emergency management framework, linking recovery efforts to mitigation and preparedness activities. Training and Capacity Building • Develop training materials and exercises for county staff, recovery personnel, and partners, focusing on roles and responsibilities during recovery. • Conduct workshops and simulations to test the effectiveness of the new recovery plan. • Build a recovery team within KCOEM and local municipalities that will be ready to implement the plan in the aftermath of a disaster. Testing and Drills • Conduct multi-agency recovery exercises to simulate a real disaster recovery scenario. • Identify any weaknesses or challenges in the recovery process and refine the plan accordingly. • Ensure all recovery partners are well-versed in the plan’s procedures and their individual responsibilities. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-72 Performance Measure • Plan Completion: Percentage of recovery plan sections updated and reviewed (e.g., housing, infrastructure, health). • Stakeholder Engagement: Number of community members, organizations, and agencies engaged in the planning process. • Training Participation: Number of recovery personnel trained on the new recovery framework. • Recovery Exercises: Successful completion of recovery drills and exercises, with identified improvements incorporated into the plan. • Plan Activation Time: Time taken to activate and implement the recovery plan after a disaster. • Post-Disaster Evaluation: Feedback from the community and stakeholders on the recovery process, assessing satisfaction and areas for improvement AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-73 20.7.24 Wastewater Treatment Division Workforce Development Program Lead DNRP – WTD Partners Local partners Hazards Mitigated Extreme Weather Funding Sources and Estimated Costs King County Budget Vision To create a sustainable and diverse workforce for the clean water sector by providing comprehensive recruitment, mentorship, training, and career growth opportunities to entry-level candidates. The program ensures that individuals are equipped with the skills and knowledge necessary to thrive in the wastewater treatment industry while contributing to a more equitable and inclusive workforce Description WTD’s Workforce Development Program focuses on recruiting, training, mentoring, and placing entry-level candidates into long-term careers in the clean water sector. The program supports individuals who are either building their skills or are new to the field by providing them with hands-on experience, site visits, and challenging assignments across different WTD work groups. Cohort members are hired in small groups and exposed to various areas within WTD, such as planning, engineering, project management, and construction management. The program’s goal is to help individuals discover their passion and secure permanent positions within the organization. After completing the program, cohort members are encouraged to apply for open positions within WTD and will have an advantage due to their familiarity with the agency’s operations and culture. Graduates typically transition smoothly into roles across different units, such as planning, engineering, and project management, and contribute to WTD's diverse workforce. 2-Year Objectives • Recruit and onboard 4 to 8 new cohorts of entry-level candidates each year. • Place 70% of cohort members into permanent positions within WTD by the end of their program. • Increase the diversity of the applicant pool by 20%. • Develop and implement mentorship programs for cohort members to support career growth. 5-Year Objectives • Expand the program to include additional work groups within WTD, such as operations and maintenance. • Achieve a 90% placement rate of cohort members into permanent positions within WTD. • Ensure that 40% of cohort graduates come from underrepresented communities in the clean water sector. • Develop partnerships with community colleges to offer accredited certifications in wastewater treatment for cohort members. Long-Term Objectives • Establish WTD’s Workforce Development Program as a national model for clean water sector career training and inclusion. • Fully integrate workforce development initiatives into WTD’s long-term staffing and succession planning strategies. • Ensure that all cohorts reflect the demographic diversity of King County and are prepared to meet the future workforce needs of the clean water industry. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-74 Implementation Plan/Actions Recruitment and Onboarding • Launch targeted recruitment campaigns to attract entry-level candidates, especially from diverse and underserved communities. • Provide extensive onboarding that includes tours of WTD facilities, introductions to various teams, and detailed orientation sessions. • Organize site visits and team rotations for cohorts to gain exposure to different work groups within WTD. Mentorship and Career Support • Assign mentors to cohort members to guide them through their training and career development within WTD. • Offer regular check-ins and professional development workshops to help individuals progress in their careers. • Facilitate peer networking and collaboration opportunities within the cohort and across different WTD teams. Training and Skill Development • Provide cohort members with challenging, hands-on assignments that build relevant skills in areas such as engineering, project management, and construction. • Offer continuous learning opportunities such as online courses, certification programs, and technical training to enhance career readiness. Placement and Retention • Actively track the progress of cohort members toward securing permanent roles within WTD. • Create a streamlined internal application process for cohort members to apply for open positions within the agency. • Maintain a strong relationship with graduates and provide ongoing support to ensure retention in the clean water sector Performance Measure • Cohort Success Rate: Percentage of cohort members successfully placed in permanent roles within WTD. • Diversity Metrics: Increase in the diversity of cohort participants, including gender, race, and background. • Program Retention: Retention rates of cohort members within WTD, measured over a 2- and 5-year period. • Graduation Rates: Percentage of cohort members completing the program and transitioning into desired roles. Employee Satisfaction: Cohort members’ satisfaction with mentorship, training, and career growth opportunities (survey results). AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-75 20.7.25 King Conservation District Wildfire Mitigation Program Lead King Conservation District (KCD) Partners Eastside Fire and Rescue DNRP Hazards Mitigated Wildfire Funding Sources and Estimated Costs KCD Budget Vision To reduce the risk of wildfire damage to homes and communities in King County, especially in the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI), through proactive risk assessments, strategic wildfire mitigation projects, and collaborative efforts aimed at enhancing community resilience. Description The King Conservation District’s (KCD) Wildfire Mitigation Program provides wildfire risk assessments and mitigation planning to increase community resilience against wildfires. KCD partners with local fire districts, the Washington State Department of Natural Resources, and other organizations to assist homeowners and communities in the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI). By assessing properties, providing mitigation recommendations, and offering cost- share funding for implementation, KCD helps reduce wildfire risk and prepare areas vulnerable to wildfire events. KCD conducts individual and community-wide risk assessments, focusing on practical steps such as vegetation removal, roof maintenance, and forest health improvement. Through funding and planning assistance, KCD supports homeowners and communities to take preventative actions, including thinning, fuel management, and creating defensible spaces. 2-Year Objectives • Complete 200 wildfire risk assessments in King County, focusing on homes and communities within the WUI. • Begin 50 wildfire mitigation projects, providing cost-share funding for eligible homeowners and communities. • Engage at least 10 community organizations to help expand wildfire mitigation outreach. 5-Year Objectives • Complete 500+ wildfire risk assessments across King County’s high-risk wildfire zones. • Successfully implement wildfire mitigation projects on 200 properties and community-owned forests. • Achieve a 25% reduction in wildfire risk within assessed areas as measured by post-project assessments. Long-Term Objectives • Establish wildfire mitigation as a key part of all residential and community planning in King County. • Ensure that all homes and communities in the WUI have access to wildfire risk assessments and mitigation resources. • Strengthen public-private partnerships to enhance wildfire resilience through expanded cost-share and technical assistance programs. Implementation Plan/Actions Wildfire Risk Assessments • Conduct individual and community-wide assessments within the WUI. • Focus on the 100-foot defensible space around each home and forest health assessments for community- owned forests. • Provide homeowners and community associations with a list of mitigation recommendations based on the assessments. Wildfire Mitigation Project Planning and Cost-Share • Offer project planning assistance to homeowners and community associations. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-76 • Provide cost-share funding, reimbursing 75% of eligible project costs for activities such as vegetation removal, gutter/roof maintenance, and fire break creation. • Prioritize funding for projects that reduce wildfire risk to homes and improve community resilience. Outreach and Community Engagement • Develop and distribute informational materials to educate residents about wildfire risks and mitigation actions. • Collaborate with local fire districts, the Red Cross, and other partners to reach underserved and at-risk populations. • Host workshops and training sessions on wildfire preparedness and mitigation strategies. Forest Health and Fuel Management Projects • In community-owned forests, assess forest health and implement projects such as thinning, brush management, and fuel breaks. • Work with local agencies and fire districts to coordinate larger-scale mitigation projects that benefit multiple properties and forested areas. Performance Measure • Risk Assessment Completion: Number of wildfire risk assessments completed annually. • Mitigation Projects: Number of mitigation projects funded and successfully implemented. • Community Engagement: Level of participation in outreach efforts (workshops, surveys, etc.). • Impact on Wildfire Risk: Percentage reduction in wildfire risk within the targeted areas as measured through post-implementation evaluations. • Cost-Share Utilization: Amount of cost-share funding distributed, and the number of households/communities receiving support. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-77 20.7.26 Improving Emergency Management Public Outreach Lead KCOEM Partners Local jurisdictions within the county Hazards Mitigated Avalanche Civil Disorder Cyber Incident Dam Failure Earthquake Flood Hazardous Materials Health Incident Landslide Extreme Weather Terrorism Tsunami Volcano Wildfire Funding Sources and Estimated Costs King County Budget Vision To ensure that all residents of King County are well-informed and prepared to effectively respond to and mitigate the impacts of hazards, through comprehensive and targeted public outreach strategies. By enhancing public awareness and providing accessible resources, we aim to reduce vulnerability and improve community resilience. Description The King County Office of Emergency Management seeks to improve its public outreach efforts to raise awareness about local hazards, promote preparedness actions, and encourage mitigation strategies. By using a combination of media, community partnerships, educational initiatives, and social engagement, the strategy will ensure that residents of all backgrounds understand the risks they face and how to reduce them. This outreach initiative will focus on diverse communities, ensuring inclusivity and accessibility to the county's mitigation programs. 2-Year Objectives • Increase public engagement through digital campaigns and social media platforms. • Develop partnerships with 10 new community organizations to amplify hazard mitigation messaging. •  Conduct 5 community preparedness workshops targeting underserved populations. 5-Year Objectives • Establish a countywide public education program integrated with schools, community centers, and local businesses. • Increase public awareness about hazard mitigation by 30% as measured through surveys. • Implement a mobile application for hazard alerts and mitigation resources. • Achieve a 15% increase in the adoption of preparedness plans among residents and businesses in King County. Long-Term Objectives • Create a culture of resilience where all King County residents are knowledgeable about hazards and preparedness. • Ensure that all at-risk neighborhoods have access to tailored hazard mitigation and preparedness information. • Make hazard mitigation a priority in every public and private sector planning effort. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-78 Implementation Plan/Actions Community Engagement Campaigns • Launch digital media and social media campaigns to inform the public about mitigation practices. • Use targeted outreach strategies for at-risk communities, utilizing culturally relevant content. • Conduct public service announcements through local media. Educational Outreach • Create and distribute educational materials (flyers, posters, websites, brochures) to key stakeholders such as schools, libraries, and community centers. • Develop and promote interactive tools (e.g., hazard scenario simulations) to educate residents on risks and mitigation actions. • Host workshops and town halls focusing on hazard preparedness and mitigation. Collaboration and Partnerships • Partner with local businesses, schools, and non-profit organizations to expand outreach and engage more residents. • Coordinate with local emergency services and public health officials to integrate hazard mitigation into public health campaigns. • Engage influencers and local celebrities to help spread key messages on social media and at community events. Data and Research • Gather data through surveys and focus groups to assess the effectiveness of outreach efforts and areas needing improvement. • Develop and share annual reports on the public's understanding of hazard risks and mitigation actions. Performance Measure • Engagement Metrics: Social media interaction rates, attendance at public outreach events, and engagement with online resources. • Survey Results: Improvement in public understanding of hazard risks and mitigation actions through pre- and post-campaign surveys. • Participation Rates: The number of residents who complete mitigation action steps, such as signing up for emergency alerts or attending preparedness workshops. • Outreach Reach: Number of educational materials distributed, community organizations involved, and media coverage achieved. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-79 20.7.27 Maintain LEPC in King County Lead KCOEM Partners Local Fire Departments KCSO PHSKC Hazards Mitigated Hazardous Materials Funding Sources and Estimated Costs KCOEM Budget Vision To ensure the continued protection of King County residents, workers, and the environment by maintaining a robust and effective Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) focused on hazardous materials. The LEPC will provide proactive mitigation strategies, streamline emergency response coordination, and promote the safe management of hazardous materials throughout the county. Description The King County LEPC is dedicated to reducing the risks associated with hazardous materials in the community. This strategy seeks to maintain and enhance the effectiveness of the LEPC in response to hazardous materials incidents. The committee works collaboratively with government agencies, local businesses, fire and emergency responders, and the public to prepare for and mitigate the risks of hazardous materials. Key activities of the LEPC will include: • Developing and maintaining emergency response plans for hazardous materials incidents • Organizing regular training for first responders and community stakeholders • Maintaining an up-to-date inventory of hazardous materials in King County • Ensuring public awareness and education about hazardous materials • Conducting hazard assessments and implementing mitigation actions to reduce risk exposure 2-Year Objectives • Maintain a fully operational LEPC with diverse membership across sectors (government, private industry, first responders). • Complete a comprehensive hazardous materials inventory across King County. • Conduct a county-wide hazardous materials risk assessment and prioritize mitigation actions. • Increase public education campaigns focused on hazardous materials safety and emergency preparedness. • Provide at least two full-scale hazardous materials emergency response exercises for local responders. 5-Year Objectives • Establish a regional hazardous materials response network to ensure seamless collaboration across jurisdictions. • Develop and implement new hazard mitigation actions based on evolving hazardous materials risks (e.g., transportation routes, facility operations). • Achieve a 25% reduction in hazardous materials-related incidents through risk mitigation efforts. • Secure long-term funding mechanisms to sustain LEPC activities beyond initial federal and state grants. Long-Term Objectives • Incorporate new technologies (e.g., real-time data collection, advanced response equipment) into LEPC operations. • Expand the LEPC’s scope to include emerging environmental threats, such as climate change impacts on hazardous material risks. • Develop a county-wide certification program for businesses and industries involved in hazardous materials handling. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-80 Implementation Plan/Actions • Action 1: Maintain LEPC Membership and Leadership • Ensure diverse participation from all relevant stakeholders, including local government, fire departments, health agencies, and industry partners. • Schedule quarterly LEPC meetings to review progress, address concerns, and discuss evolving hazards. • Action 2: Hazardous Materials Inventory and Risk Assessment • Survey and document all facilities in King County that store or handle hazardous materials. • Conduct a risk assessment to evaluate the potential for chemical spills, accidents, and other hazardous materials incidents. • Prioritize the most critical locations for mitigation efforts. • Action 3: Emergency Response Plan Updates and Drills • Update the King County hazardous materials emergency response plan annually. • Conduct regular training for first responders on the use of hazardous materials response equipment. • Organize annual full-scale exercises that simulate hazardous materials incidents for training purposes. • Action 4: Public Outreach and Education • Develop educational materials for residents and businesses regarding hazardous materials risks and emergency procedures. • Launch a public awareness campaign on hazardous materials safety, especially in high-risk areas. • Action 5: Funding and Resource Development • Identify new federal, state, and private funding opportunities to sustain the LEPC’s efforts. • Explore partnerships with local industries to secure in-kind donations and resources for training and mitigation activities. Performance Measure • Successful execution of at least one full-scale hazardous materials emergency exercise per year. • Completion of a hazardous materials inventory for 100% of King County facilities within 2 years. • Achieving sustainability through securing long-term funding sources for LEPC activities by Year 5. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-81 20.7.28 Strengthening and Maintaining Partnerships for Emergency Response and Coordination Lead KCSO Partners KCOEM Fusion Center Hazards Mitigated Terrorism Civil Disorder Funding Sources and Estimated Costs General Fund Vision To create a coordinated, resilient emergency response system by maintaining strong and effective partnerships between the King County Sheriff's Office, the King County Office of Emergency Management, and the Fusion Center, ensuring a rapid, unified, and data-driven approach to mitigating and responding to a wide range of hazards. Description The partnership between the King County Sheriff's Office, King County Office of Emergency Management, and the Fusion Center is vital for providing effective emergency response and mitigation strategies. This strategy aims to sustain and strengthen this collaboration by improving communication, sharing resources, and enhancing training and preparedness. The goal is to ensure a seamless response to emergencies, optimize resource allocation, and enhance public safety by addressing a wide array of threats, from natural disasters to public safety concerns. 2-Year Objectives • Formalize and enhance communication protocols between KCSO, KCOEM, and the Fusion Center for real-time data and situational awareness • Establish regular joint training exercises and tabletop scenarios involving all partners • Update and review emergency response plans and protocols for cross- agency collaboration • Strengthen information-sharing networks and systems between the agencies • Secure initial funding for technology improvements that enable faster, more secure data sharing 5-Year Objectives • Develop an integrated emergency response plan that incorporates all relevant agencies and ensures efficient resource deployment • Expand the Fusion Center's role in coordinating intelligence and public safety data across jurisdictions • Increase the frequency of joint exercises and develop more advanced scenarios • Achieve regional coordination agreements with neighboring counties and agencies for large-scale emergencies • Enhance cross-training programs to build mutual understanding of each agency's capabilities and limitations Long-Term Objectives • Fully integrate emergency response systems across King County with real-time data sharing and multi-agency collaboration • Establish a robust regional and statewide network of fusion centers for better intelligence and situational awareness • Ensure all staff at KCSO, KCOEM, and the Fusion Center are trained on advanced emergency response protocols and technologies • Strengthen public trust and cooperation through transparent emergency management efforts and clear public communication strategies • Increase efficiency in resource deployment during large-scale emergencies, reducing response times by 20% AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-82 Implementation Plan/Actions • Develop a comprehensive communication and data-sharing framework that outlines roles, responsibilities, and protocols during an emergency • Conduct bi-annual joint exercises and simulation drills between KCSO, KCOEM, and the Fusion Center, focusing on realistic scenarios, including natural and man-made disasters • Integrate data management systems between the KCSO, KCOEM, and Fusion Center to allow seamless flow of real- time information during emergencies • Regularly review and update emergency response plans to ensure they reflect changes in technology, population growth, and evolving threats • Advocate for and apply for state and federal funding to enhance technology and infrastructure for inter-agency coordination • Establish clear points of contact and dedicated personnel responsible for ensuring the continuity of communication and collaboration during emergencies • Create a public education campaign that outlines the roles of each agency in emergency response, fostering community awareness Performance Measure • Number of joint training exercises conducted and the level of participation from all partners • Speed and accuracy of information exchange during emergencies, measured by response time and situational awareness • Increased integration of data systems, tracked by the implementation of new technology and successful data- sharing tests • Satisfaction surveys from participating agencies evaluating the effectiveness of coordination and response efforts • Secured funding for technology enhancements and collaborative infrastructure • Improved response times during actual emergencies, measured through after-action reports and evaluations AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-83 20.7.29 Implementation of 2024 King County Floodplain Management Plan Lead DNRP Partners Flood Control District Hazards Mitigated Flooding Extreme Weather Funding Sources and Estimated Costs Vision To reduce the vulnerability of communities, infrastructure, and ecosystems to flooding by implementing the King County Floodplain Management Plan, fostering resilience through sustainable land use, strategic mitigation, and enhanced floodplain management practices. Description The 2024 King County Floodplain Management Plan outlines a comprehensive strategy for flood risk reduction, environmental restoration, and improved community resilience. This mitigation strategy focuses on managing floodplains as dynamic ecosystems while enhancing the capacity to manage flood risks through collaboration and smart growth planning. The goal is to protect vulnerable communities and the environment from flood hazards, improve floodplain health, and provide a resilient, sustainable foundation for future generations. 2-Year Objectives • Complete a comprehensive floodplain risk assessment and mapping update for priority areas • Develop and implement a public education campaign about flood risk and preparedness • Initiate floodplain restoration projects in high-priority areas • Secure FEMA funding for flood mitigation infrastructure improvements • Collaborate with municipalities to align local planning policies with floodplain management goals 5-Year Objectives • Expand floodplain restoration efforts across King County's flood-prone regions • Complete the construction of at least three major flood mitigation infrastructure projects • Achieve a 15% reduction in flood risk exposure for critical infrastructure in high-priority zones • Integrate floodplain resilience measures into regional development and land use policies • Build community partnerships for ongoing public engagement in floodplain management Long-Term Objectives • Reduce flood risk for 50% of the county's flood-vulnerable communities • Ensure the restoration of 500 acres of floodplain habitat • Fully integrate floodplain management and resilience into regional land use and development planning • Achieve a 25% reduction in the economic impact of flooding to the local economy • Increase public awareness and preparedness for flood events by 30% Implementation Plan/Actions • Update flood risk maps and floodplain zoning regulations to reflect the latest data • Identify and prioritize floodplain restoration sites, focusing on high-risk areas for both communities and ecosystems • Develop and implement hazard reduction measures (levees, flood barriers, natural flood control systems) in high- priority flood zones • Provide ongoing training for local governments and first responders on floodplain risk management and emergency preparedness • Create a dedicated funding pool to support local governments’ flood mitigation projects • Facilitate community-based planning processes, ensuring that vulnerable populations have a voice in floodplain management decisions • Expand the role of technology and data in flood monitoring and prediction AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-84 Performance Measure • Reduction in flood risk to critical infrastructure (measured through floodplain risk assessments) • Acres of floodplain restored and improved • Number of local municipalities that have updated their floodplain policies and zoning laws • Percentage increase in community awareness and preparedness as measured by surveys and public engagement metrics • Amount of funding secured from federal and state sources for flood mitigation projects • Number of completed flood mitigation and infrastructure projects in high-priority areas AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-85 20.7.30 Mount Si Road Undergrounding Project Lead Tanner Electric Cooperative Partners OEM DLS - Roads Hazards Mitigated Wildfire Severe Weather Funding Sources and Estimated Costs $3.5 Million Vision To enhance energy resilience and mitigate wildfire and storm-related risks for the North Bend community by undergrounding critical electrical infrastructure along Mount Si Road, ensuring consistent, safe, and uninterrupted power supply to residents, businesses, and essential services. Description The Mount Si Road Undergrounding Project proposes the installation of approximately 1.63 miles of underground three-phase electrical distribution lines using Schedule 40 PVC conduit in North Bend, Washington. Initiated by Tanner Electric Cooperative, the project seeks funding to significantly improve the resilience of energy infrastructure historically vulnerable to wildfires, winter storms, and high winds. The existing overhead distribution lines—exposed for over five to six decades—are a known source of power outages and fire ignition risks. Undergrounding will eliminate these overhead vulnerabilities, ensure consistent energy supply to 486 meters (approximately 1,290 residents), and support critical infrastructure such as local water tanks, communications booster stations, and private wells. The affected section currently relies on a radially fed circuit with limited access, which complicates repair and restoration during outages. Underground infrastructure will provide virtually maintenance-free power delivery, increased longevity, and significantly reduced risk of outages. It will also prevent power shutoffs during red flag wildfire events when Tanner currently implements one-shot policies and delays re-energizing lines until full inspection by daylight. 2-Year Objectives • Complete project design and permitting • Secure construction contracts • Begin trenching and conduit installation 5-Year Objectives • Complete full underground conversion of the 1.63-mile section • Transition affected customers to the underground system • Decommission overhead lines and poles in project area Long-Term Objectives • Achieve near-elimination of weather-related outages in project zone • Reduce wildfire ignition risk from power lines • Ensure reliable service for critical utilities and community resilience during extreme events Implementation Plan/Actions • Finalize engineering design and secure environmental approvals • Engage local stakeholders and residents for public input and support • Coordinate with North Bend and utility partners for water and communications systems • Procure and install underground conduits and cables • Transition electrical loads to underground service and remove old infrastructure Performance Measure • Reduction in outage frequency and duration in the Mount Si Road area • Elimination of power shutoff events during red flag warnings • Decreased wildfire risk tied to electrical infrastructure • Improved reliability metrics and maintenance savings over 10+ years AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-86 20.7.31 Plan for Post-Wildfire Community Recovery Lead OEM Partners ECO DLS – Roads DNRP PHSKC Hazards Mitigated Wildfire Funding Sources and Estimated Costs County Budget Vision Ensure King County is prepared to support equitable, coordinated, and efficient recovery from wildfires—particularly those that impact homes, public facilities, and infrastructure—through a dedicated planning framework that guides action, accountability, and access to recovery resources. Description Post-wildfire recovery is a complex and multi-faceted challenge. To improve outcomes for affected communities, King County will develop a wildfire-specific annex to the King County Disaster Recovery Plan. This annex will: • Define agency roles and responsibilities during post-wildfire recovery • Outline key actions for short- and long-term recovery • Include protocols for accessing FEMA Public and Individual Assistance, SBA loans, and HUD-supported housing recovery programs • Be reviewed and updated every five years or after major wildfire disasters The annex will guide recovery following disasters that damage homes, infrastructure, and public facilities and will ensure that recovery efforts are inclusive, timely, and aligned with other county and regional resilience efforts. 2-Year Objectives • Convene key partners and begin development of the wildfire-specific annex • Identify recovery needs and equity gaps through stakeholder input • Draft and publish initial version of the annex as part of the broader Disaster Recovery Plan 5-Year Objectives • Operationalize the annex through partner training and plan exercises • Establish coordination protocols for post-wildfire funding and housing support • Update annex with new best practices and lessons learned from any wildfire events Long-Term Objectives • Institutionalize wildfire recovery planning as a core element of King County’s emergency management • Improve recovery outcomes and speed for wildfire- impacted communities • Reduce long-term disparities in disaster recovery support and outcomes Implementation Plan/Actions • Collaborate with local, state, and federal partners to define post-wildfire recovery pathways • Integrate the annex into the King County Disaster Recovery Plan • Identify recovery funding mechanisms and align with existing support programs • Build capacity among local jurisdictions and departments to support implementation • Include equity-centered planning and community engagement throughout Performance Measure • Completion and adoption of the wildfire-specific annex • Number of trainings or exercises conducted using the annex • Time to initiate and coordinate recovery actions post-wildfire • Amount of federal and state recovery funding accessed through the plan • Stakeholder and community satisfaction with post-wildfire recovery support AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-87 20.7.32 Standardize and Promote Best Management Practices for Wildfire Mitigation Lead DNRP -WLRD Partners ECO DLS Parks Hazards Mitigated Wildfire Funding Sources and Estimated Costs County Budget Vision Reduce wildfire risk to homes, infrastructure, and evacuation routes in King County through coordinated and standardized best management practices that can be easily adopted and implemented by fire departments, agencies, and communities. Description Wildfires pose increasing threats to King County, particularly in Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) areas. Evidence shows that mitigation is cost-effective—every dollar spent yields $4 in avoided future losses. To address this growing risk, King County will lead the development and promotion of standardized wildfire mitigation Best Management Practices (BMPs). These practices will be: • Focused on home hardening, infrastructure protection, and evacuation planning • Designed for integration into services provided by fire departments, local governments, and technical assistance providers • Distributed to relevant partners and programs for implementation across the County This effort will ensure consistent, effective wildfire preparedness and risk reduction countywide. 2-Year Objectives • Develop and finalize a countywide set of wildfire mitigation BMPs • Distribute BMPs to local agencies, fire departments, and partners • Begin incorporating BMPs into technical assistance services and programs 5-Year Objectives • Train partner organizations and service providers to implement BMPs • Integrate BMPs into relevant County plans and community wildfire education efforts • Monitor uptake and use across jurisdictions and agencies Long-Term Objectives • Establish BMPs as the standard wildfire mitigation approach in King County • Demonstrate reduced wildfire losses in areas where BMPs have been implemented • Strengthen community and agency capacity for long-term wildfire resilience Implementation Plan/Actions • Convene partners to co-develop wildfire mitigation BMPs • Coordinate with existing wildfire programs and risk reduction strategies • Create user-friendly materials and distribute BMP guidance • Support training and technical integration through county departments and partners • Monitor and evaluate adoption of BMPs over time Performance Measure • Completion and distribution of BMP guidance materials • Number of agencies and partners adopting BMPs • Number of properties or facilities implementing BMP-aligned practices • Feedback from partners on BMP usability and effectiveness • Reduction in property loss or evacuation disruptions in BMP-implemented areas AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-88 20.7.33 Expand Access to Cooling Locations for Communities Lead ECO Partners DCHS OEM PHSKC Hazards Mitigated Severe Weather Funding Sources and Estimated Costs TBD Vision Ensure equitable access to safe, welcoming, and community-trusted cooling locations throughout King County to protect high-risk populations during extreme heat events. Description Extreme heat poses serious health risks, especially for vulnerable populations. Community-based organizations (CBOs) are uniquely positioned to host culturally relevant and accessible cooling spaces. King County will work with CBOs and local jurisdictions to identify, equip, and support these facilities. Support will include: • Identifying and vetting potential cooling sites • Assisting with upgrades and cooling-related resources • Training staff from CBOs to operate cooling sites • Connecting interested partners to the Resilience Hub model and resources This approach builds long-term community capacity while addressing short-term extreme heat response needs. 2-Year Objectives • Identify and engage with CBOs and jurisdictions to develop a list of potential cooling sites • Provide technical assistance and small- scale resources for site readiness • Launch pilot cooling locations in priority neighborhoods 5-Year Objectives • Expand number of operational cooling sites across the county • Create a resource network linking cooling sites and Resilience Hubs • Develop long-term partnerships and shared protocols for heat events Long-Term Objectives • Establish a sustainable, community-led network of cooling locations countywide • Reduce heat-related health disparities in vulnerable communities • Integrate cooling location planning into broader climate resilience strategies Implementation Plan/Actions • Convene CBOs and jurisdictional partners for collaborative planning • Map areas of greatest need based on heat vulnerability and population risk • Support training and operational readiness of facility staff • Leverage county and grant funds to support capital and operational upgrades • Align with the Energize Program and Resilience Hub development efforts Performance Measure • Number of operational community cooling sites established • Geographic coverage of cooling access in high-risk areas • Number of individuals served during extreme heat events • Community feedback and satisfaction with site accessibility and cultural relevance • Reduction in heat-related health incidents in served areas AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-89 20.7.34 Expand the Use of Residential Flood Risk Mitigation Tools Countywide to Benefit Those Who Are Most Vulnerable to Flooding Lead DNRP -WLRD Partners OEM FEMA FCD Hazards Mitigated Flooding Funding Sources and Estimated Costs TBD Vision Expand access to effective, equitable residential flood risk mitigation tools across King County—such as buyouts and home elevations—to reduce the impacts of flooding for the most vulnerable and financially burdened property owners while also aligning with community priorities and environmental values. Description Flood mitigation tools like voluntary buyouts and home elevations are underutilized in King County due to barriers including geographic limitations, funding challenges, upfront homeowner costs, and variable interest. These constraints often leave the most vulnerable communities unprotected. This strategy focuses on expanding voluntary residential flood mitigation programs countywide to better support at- risk property owners—especially those with financial need. King County will: • Identify residential properties at highest risk from current and future flooding • Prioritize assistance based on vulnerability and documented harm • Expand mitigation efforts to additional river basins (beyond the Snoqualmie) • Target repetitive loss areas including Sammamish, Skykomish, Green, Cedar, and Snoqualmie River Basins, and Vashon Island • Seek federal and local funding to broaden the program’s reach • Align mitigation actions with farmland protection when applicable 2-Year Objectives • Identify high-risk flood areas and assess residential property vulnerabilities • Develop equity-based criteria for prioritizing mitigation support • Apply for federal and local grants to support program expansion 5-Year Objectives • Increase the number of homes participating in voluntary mitigation programs • Expand geographic coverage of home elevation efforts • Build partnerships with community- based organizations to improve outreach and access Long-Term Objectives • Reduce the number of repetitive loss properties in King County • Ensure that flood mitigation benefits are equitably distributed countywide • Establish a sustainable, well- funded, and flexible residential flood mitigation program Implementation Plan/Actions • Map and prioritize residential flood risk based on current and future projections • Secure funding from the Flood Control District, FEMA, and other sources • Expand community engagement, especially in historically impacted neighborhoods • Coordinate with farmland protection efforts to avoid conflicts • Implement mitigation actions through voluntary buyouts, elevations, or repairs AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-90 Performance Measure • Number of homes mitigated through buyouts, elevations, or repairs • Funding secured and leveraged for mitigation • Reduction in repetitive flood loss claims • Increased participation from vulnerable or low-income homeowners • Equity outcomes tracked and reported AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-91 20.7.35 Identify and Seek Funding to Reduce Sea Level Rise and Flood Risks to On-Site Wastewater Infrastructure in Unincorporated King County Lead PHSKC Partners DNRP SPU Hazards Mitigated Flooding Severe Weather Funding Sources and Estimated Costs TBD Vision Protect public health and environmental quality by proactively addressing the risks that sea level rise and flooding pose to on-site wastewater infrastructure in vulnerable unincorporated areas of King County, with a focus on equitable outcomes. Description Sea level rise and increased precipitation-driven flooding present growing risks to on-site wastewater systems in unincorporated King County. Building on 2025 sea level rise assessments for Vashon and Maury Island, the County will identify areas most at risk—specifically on Vashon-Maury Island and in the lower Duwamish Valley adjoining South Park. Emphasis will be placed on identifying where equity-related needs are greatest, then working with partners to secure funding and implement infrastructure improvements. 2-Year Objectives • Conduct targeted assessments to identify high-risk locations • Engage community-based organizations and other partners for localized insights • Seek initial grant funding opportunities 5-Year Objectives • Secure funding and initiate design and implementation in priority areas • Begin infrastructure improvements in areas with highest vulnerability and equity needs Long-Term Objectives • Complete infrastructure resilience upgrades in all identified high-risk areas • Integrate long-term flood resilience and equity priorities into countywide wastewater infrastructure planning Implementation Plan/Actions • Identify priority locations using environmental data and community input • Collaborate with partners to align on equity and infrastructure needs • Apply for and secure external funding (grants) • Implement infrastructure improvements through phased project delivery Performance Measure • Number of high-risk locations identified and assessed • Amount of funding secured • Number of wastewater systems improved or relocated • Community satisfaction and participation levels in planning and implementation AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 20: Mitigation Strategies 20-92 20.7.36 WSDOT Avalanche Forecasting and Control Program Lead WSDOT Partners NWS OEM WSP Hazards Mitigated Avalanche Funding Sources and Estimated Costs State Budget Vision Maintain the safety and reliability of Washington’s mountain highway corridors by proactively forecasting and controlling avalanches to reduce hazards for motorists, freight traffic, and recreational users. Description The WSDOT Avalanche Forecasting and Control Program includes two regional teams of full-time and seasonal avalanche professionals. These teams monitor mountain weather, forecast avalanche risks, and execute control operations using explosives, trams, and artillery. They work fall through spring to protect critical corridors like I-90 Snoqualmie Pass and US 2 Stevens Pass. The program combines active control (e.g., detonations) and passive infrastructure (e.g., berms, catchment basins) to manage avalanche hazards. Seasonal closures occur where safety cannot be maintained. Public education and enforcement help mitigate risks associated with recreational backcountry use. New technologies, such as drones and Remote Avalanche Control Systems (RACS), are currently under evaluation. 2-Year Objectives • Continue testing and evaluation of remote avalanche monitoring technologies like drones • Expand educational outreach to backcountry users • Improve mapping and public accessibility of Avalanche Atlas tools 5-Year Objectives • Integrate RACS technology in high- risk areas to reduce reliance on military surplus artillery • Reduce average road closure times by 10% through operational efficiency • Enhance collaboration with ski areas and law enforcement to reduce recreational intrusions into avalanche zones Long-Term Objectives • Achieve near-complete transition from manual to remote-controlled avalanche control in accessible zones • Eliminate injuries/fatalities due to recreational intrusion in avalanche zones • Maintain full accessibility on key corridors throughout winter, barring severe weather extremes Implementation Plan/Actions • Continue use and maintenance of cable trams, explosives, and artillery • Expand deployment of passive infrastructure (e.g., diversion dams, catchment basins) • Close roads temporarily during high-risk periods and perform control operations at night when possible • Post avalanche zone warnings and enforce hitchhiking bans • Collaborate with law enforcement and ski areas to manage backcountry user behavior • Pilot and assess effectiveness of drones and RACS • Update and maintain the Avalanche Atlas map interface for public use Performance Measure • Reduction in number and duration of road closures • Number of avalanches successfully mitigated without incident • Decrease in unauthorized recreational entry into avalanche zones • Number of successful remote-control operations conducted • Improvement in response time and forecasting accuracy AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 21: Plan Maintenance 21-1 Chapter 21: Plan Maintenance 21.1 Monitoring and Updating The King County Office of Emergency Management (KCOEM) hazard mitigation team will internally track mitigation strategies submitted by the county and participating annexes. All participating jurisdictions will convene on a biannual basis to provide progress updates on their respective strategies. These updates are solicited by the county for inclusion in the countywide annual report. As part of the 2025 update to the Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan, each participating jurisdiction agrees to convene its internal planning team at least once annually to assess progress and maintain accountability. Tracking will be organized using a standardized format, as illustrated below: ID Ju r i s d i c t i o n St r a t e g y Vi s i o n Le a d A g e n c y Pr i o r i t y (H i g h , Me d i u m , L o w ) Ha z a r d ( s ) Po t e n t i a l F u n d i n g So u r c e ( s ) Es t i m a t e d C o s t Ti m e l i n e (Ong o i n g , Sho r t -Te r m , Lon g - Te r m ) St a t u s (Not Sta r t e d , In Pro g r e s s , Com p l e t e ) In addition to biannual check-ins, working groups will be formed by identifying shared characteristics among strategies. These groupings may be based on approach (e.g., code updates, public education programs, ecological restoration), hazard type, or funding sources. These working groups will foster collaboration by enabling participants to share resources, exchange best practices, learn from one another’s experiences, and better understand the capabilities and assets available across jurisdictions. To enhance implementation, key partners and county departments will be invited to clarify processes and next steps. Additionally, KCOEM will work to build public-private partnerships by engaging nonprofits and corporations with aligned missions to help secure future mitigation funding. As part of its leadership role in the countywide planning effort, KCOEM will also distribute federal Notices of Funding Opportunity (NOFOs). Proposals submitted by partners will be assessed according to the prioritization process identified in this plan and the county will, where possible, AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 21: Plan Maintenance 21-2 support those partners submitting grant proposals. This will be a key strategy to implement the plan. King County Office of Emergency Management (KCOEM) will schedule annual check-ins to evaluate and revise the identified hazards risk analysis along with each hazards impact and vulnerability analysis. The next plan update is expected to be due in September 2030. All jurisdictions will submit letters of intent by 2028, at least two years prior to plan expiration. The county will lead the next regional planning effort, beginning at least 18 months before the expiration of the 2025 plan. In addition to the updates for mitigation strategies, the expected publication of data from several programs may trigger an update. • Publication of the Department of Homeland Security Regional Resiliency Assessment Program report • Publication of the countywide landslide susceptibility map from Washington Department of Natural Resources • Publication of the Wildland Urban Interface wildfire risk map from Washington Department of Natural Resources • Publication of tsunami inundation data from Washington Department of Natural Resources 21.2 Integrating into Existing Planning Mechanisms To ensure a comprehensive and cohesive approach to hazard mitigation, the data and insights from the RHMP will be seamlessly integrated into existing county, regional, and local plans and frameworks. These include comprehensive plans, emergency operations plans, regional strategies, and sustainability initiatives, all of which contribute to a holistic approach to risk reduction. This integration effort is already underway with the incorporation of hazard risk and vulnerability data into the 2025 update of the countywide planning processes. Many of these plans have been updated simultaneously, allowing for the development of data and mitigation strategies to made in partnership other departments. As a result, several strategies are now reflected in multiple county plans, such as the Flood Management Plan and the Strategic Climate Action Plan. This approach ensures that mitigation actions are implemented and monitored across multiple channels, increasing their visibility and support across departments. By embedding these strategies in various plans, we help elevate their profile and facilitate more comprehensive execution. It’s important to note that additional strategies may be added to this list throughout the lifecycle of both plans, as new opportunities for collaboration and integration arise. This continuous process ensures that the RHMP remains dynamic and aligned with evolving county goals and priorities. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 21: Plan Maintenance 21-3 21.3 Continued Public Involvement To foster transparency, continuous improvement, and community collaboration, King County is committed to maintaining an effective communication strategy throughout the ongoing maintenance of the RHMP. Following biannual meetings dedicated to RHMP updates, KCOEM will leverage its official Emergency Blog and social media platforms as primary communication channels to keep the public informed. These platforms will provide timely updates on the status of mitigation actions, key developments, and upcoming initiatives. Regular updates will not only highlight the progress of specific mitigation actions but also offer concise summaries of completed and ongoing efforts. In addition, whenever updates or addendums are introduced to the RHMP, King County will actively open channels for public input. This ensures that the community remains a vital and engaged participant in the planning process. Residents, local stakeholders, and other interested parties will be encouraged to provide comments, voice concerns, and offer valuable feedback on proposed changes to the plan. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 22: Plan Adoption 22-1 Chapter 22: Plan Adoption The King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan is submitted first to Washington State Emergency Management for review and then to FEMA for final review and preliminary approval. Each jurisdiction, along with the base plan, must meet all FEMA requirements outlined in the FEMA Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Review Guide. If requirements are found to not be met, the jurisdiction involved must revise the plan and resubmit. Once preliminary approval is secured, FEMA will send a notice of Approval – Pending Adoption. The RHMP is adopted by each participating jurisdiction, primarily through a resolution passed by the council or commission responsible. The King County Council is expected to adopt this plan before the expiration date of 9/30/2025, following notice of approval, pending adoption from FEMA and Washington State Emergency Management. This plan will be effective on 10/1/2025 FEMA and will expire 5 years to the day, 9/30/2030. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 1 City of Renton Plan Annex Introduction Brief History Originally an important fishing area for Native Americans, Renton experienced a migration of people of European descent in the 1850s, leading to the displacement of the Duwamish people. As the influx of settlers continued, the early Renton economy developed around coal, timber, and clay production from the surrounding hills. In 1911 a major flood provided the impetus for diverting the channel of the Cedar River to prevent future flooding in the city. The building of the Renton Boeing plant during World War II brought thousands to Renton for jobs. Renton is also home to several other major corporations and important regional government facilities. Climate Renton’s climate is moderate. Mild winters, an average of 154 precipitation days per year, with warm, dry summers. Annual average temperatures range from 36 to 79 degrees, rarely below 28 or above 87 degrees. Annual rainfall is 42 inches. Monthly precipitation varies from 6 inches in November to January to under an inch in July and August. Average annual snowfall is 11 inches. Humidity varies between 44 percent and 95 percent in summer and winter, respectively. Winds vary and prevail from the south/southeast at an average speed of 7 mph, seldom over 22 mph. Development Trends and Demographics Renton has a mix of land uses. Industrial and commercial uses are primarily in the Green River Valley and downtown Renton. The city center includes mixed-use residential and commercial land, with single and multi- family homes. Single family residences dominate the eastern and southeastern portions of the city, where most residential growth has occurred. There are pockets of mixed-use commercial centers aimed at providing services for residents along the eastern edges of the city. The Comprehensive Plan provides a vision for Renton’s development 20 years into the future. The vision includes an emphasis on infill development in existing neighborhoods and an increase in multi-family housing in the downtown area rather than sprawl. This infill has increased the number of residents living in both the 500-year floodplain of the Cedar River and the high liquefaction earthquake risk area in downtown Renton. The new Longacres development plan will add 3,000 homes to the Green River floodplain, an area also classified as having a high liquefaction risk. As the city's population and development continue to grow, more people and property will be exposed to flooding and earthquake hazards. With the population growth and associated high language diversity in the city, this creates challenges in communicating risk to the increasing number of residents who speak English less than very well. City of Renton Profile Date of Incorporation: 9/6/1901 Governance: Optional municipal code city governed by a mayor/council form of government Population as of 4/1/2024: 108,800 Area: 25 square miles Location and Description: Western Washington State, Central Puget Sound, South King County Jurisdiction Point of Contact/ Plan Prepared By: Name: Deborah Needham Title: Emergency Management Director Entity: City of Renton Phone: 425-430-7725 Email: dneedham@rentonwa.gov EXHIBIT B AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 2 City of Renton Risk Summary Hazard Risk and Vulnerability Summary HAZARD RISK SUMMARY VULNERABILITY SUMMARY IMPACT SUMMARY Avalanche n/a n/a n/a Civil Disturbance Civil disorder may result from many situations and encompass a broad spectrum of civil action that ranges from peaceful events to other forms of disturbance caused by a group of people. The severity of such disturbances often reflects the degree of public displeasure or expression of discontent. Examples of civil disorder include but are not necessarily limited to: violent demonstrations and other forms of obstructions, riots, sabotage, and other forms of crime. Civil disorder can be a dangerous condition that can become increasingly chaotic and volatile. Civil disorder can erupt anywhere but the most likely locations are those areas with large population groupings or gatherings. Sites that are attractive for political rallies or offices should be viewed as potential locations for the epicenter of civil disorder events. Disruption of critical infrastructure may occur during very severe civil disorder events. Public services such as water, power, communication, and transportation may be temporarily unavailable. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 3 HAZARD RISK SUMMARY VULNERABILITY SUMMARY IMPACT SUMMARY Cyber Incident A cyber incident is defined by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in the 2016 National Cyber Incident Response Plan as “an event occurring on or conducted through a computer network that actually or imminently jeopardizes the confidentiality, integrity or availability of computers, information on communication systems or networks, physical or virtual infrastructure controlled by computers or information systems, or information resident thereon.” Wherever information technologies exist and are used, cyber incidents can occur. As the city becomes more and more dependent on its information technology (IT) infrastructure it also becomes more vulnerable to IT related disruptions. Most cyber incidents can be categorized as malicious attacks, human errors, or system glitches. More than 50% of the incidents are estimated to be caused by malicious or criminal attackers. Minor cyber incidents that are detected early and quickly recovered may briefly disrupt daily operations before fully contained but will not have a significant impact on the city. A significant incident can have a major impact not only on the city but on the county and the region. Such incidents may result in safety and health risks, financial losses for the city and the region, reputational damage, and inability to comply with regulatory requirements including penalties and fines. It may also affect the city’s ability to achieve critical strategic objectives and fulfill executive priorities. Dam Failure There are two major dams in Renton, on the Green River and Cedar River respectively, and numerous levees along both rivers. A failure of either a dam or a levee would cause severe flooding not seen since the two dams were built. A dam failure with a full- pool scenario will likely be much more severe than a typical flooding scenario. Renton is near or at the end of the drainage basin for the Green River and the Cedar River. As a relatively low-lying area, it becomes the collector for floodwaters along those rivers. The Green River Valley is a thriving commercial and industrial area. The area around the Cedar River is primarily residential development. There are schools and several senior residential communities in the floodplain. There is great potential for loss of life for those not able to evacuate ahead of the floodwaters. In the Green River Valley hundreds of millions of dollars of real property would be destroyed in Renton, primarily businesses, causing them to permanently close their doors, with a loss of revenue for the city. A Chester Morse Dam failure on the Cedar River would destroy hundreds of millions of dollars of mostly residential property, leaving many homeless. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 4 HAZARD RISK SUMMARY VULNERABILITY SUMMARY IMPACT SUMMARY Earthquake The city is subject to a major earthquake generated by the Seattle Fault to the north, and the Cascadia Subduction Zone offshore to the west, which is capable of generating an earthquake in the 8.0-9.0 range. Additional minor faults may generate smaller earthquakes, and faults further away can still cause damage. Much of the historic downtown area is comprised of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings that are vulnerable to collapse and present a life safety hazard. Most of Renton’s commercial development, including the historic downtown, is built on soils with high liquefaction risk. Many homes were built before seismic code was changed to acknowledge the seismic risk of the area, which will lead to extensive damage of many structures. The city was damaged in 1965 from the 6.7 Puget Sound quake, with severe damage to the Boeing plant. In 2001 the city was again damaged by the 6.8 Nisqually quake, primarily cracked masonry and collapsed chimneys, but with no deaths in Renton. More structures and residents are at risk today because of multifamily infill development in the liquefaction zone. Flood Much of Renton’s commercial and institutional development is located within the floodplain of either the Green River or Cedar River, and a considerable amount of residential development within the Cedar River floodplain. 6.35% of the total land area of the city is within the Special Flood Hazard Area. The city has good floodplain management regulations and has limited development; however, there are many structures already present in the floodplain. Renton is near or at the end of the drainage basin for the Green River and the Cedar River. As a relatively low-lying area, it becomes the collector for floodwaters along those rivers. The Green River Valley is a thriving commercial and industrial area. The annual risk of a catastrophic flood in that area is 1:140. The area around the Cedar River is primarily developed as residential. There are schools and several senior residential communities in the 100-year floodplain, as well as the city’s largest employer. The historic downtown area is located within the 500-year floodplain. In the last two decades, the city has experienced repeated moderate flood events causing nearly $22 million in damages and response costs. As climate change and development have altered the floodplain, more structures are thought to be at risk to a similar event today. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 5 HAZARD RISK SUMMARY VULNERABILITY SUMMARY IMPACT SUMMARY Hazardous Materials Hazardous materials releases are one of the most common incident types. They can occur due to an accident or be secondary to other primary hazards such as a terrorist attack, earthquake and volcanic activity, severe flooding, and fires. There are frequent smaller spills and releases that result from day-to-day human activities including loading dock and warehouse accidents, careless handling, traffic accidents, and illegal activities like drug labs. There is also the threat of a major release from a massive spill or accident, either from a transportation incident, or from an accidental release at one of the many hazardous materials-using facilities in Renton, including Renton’s water treatment facilities. Two major pipelines traverse the city, and fuel storage facilities hold significant quantities of explosive or flammable fuels. There is also the threat of an intentional release or contamination from a terrorist attack. Additionally, past byproducts of industry have left some areas with chronic contamination, including two Superfund Sites within the city. Stormwater runoff can carry excess nutrients into waterways, and create toxic algal blooms. Minor hazardous materials releases do not generally have a serious impact on life, property, or the environment. Although the risk of a major hazardous materials emergency is low, the population in general does not have the means to protect themselves against it beyond taking shelter in place or evacuation measures that may be ordered. Exposure to hazardous materials can result in serious illness, major organ damage, and death. Explosive hazardous materials not only can destroy public and private property but can seriously maim and kill people. The environment may be damaged for years or even decades and may be unable to be remediated for certain kinds of hazardous materials incidents. Major cultural sites may become inaccessible or unusable. The impacts from hazardous materials are complex, including slow-acting releases as well as sudden catastrophes that kill or injure thousands. Although the likelihood of large numbers of fatalities from a single materials release is low, the effects can be devastating to impacted communities, the economy, and the environment. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 6 HAZARD RISK SUMMARY VULNERABILITY SUMMARY IMPACT SUMMARY Landslide/ Sinkholes/ Ground Subsidence Areas of steep slopes and high erosion hazard can be found throughout the city. As a former coal- mining town, many abandoned coal mines crisscross the underground landscape. There is a high-water table and some of the city’s soil types are known to be prone to landslide or subsidence. Some landslide-prone areas had already been developed prior to institution of stricter regulations. The Maple Valley Highway has experienced repetitive landslide issues that have forced its closure at times. Smaller landslides occur more regularly in other areas of the city. Sinkholes in roadways and pipeline rights-of-way have occurred within the past five years. These hazardous incidents have the potential to injure or kill people, damage public and private property, and block transportation corridors. Climate change predictions include shifting rainfall patterns to include greater bursts in short periods, thus increasing the landslide risk over time. As soils continue to settle, there will likely be an increase in the frequency of sinkhole formation and coal mine collapse, which can be related. Public Health Emergency Communicable disease outbreaks can be caused by many agents and transmitted in several ways. While public health measures have controlled many diseases in this country, there remains a risk from new agents such as new COVID-19 variants, novel strains of influenza, or severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) that emerge with the potential to cause outbreaks. Emerging conditions or novel diseases that have limited or no medical countermeasure (therapeutic or vaccine) pose as a high risk/low frequency event that has the potential to broadly impact health and medical capacity as well as disrupt critical resources and support infrastructure. Periodic outbreaks, including COVID-19 and novel strains of influenza and other viruses are a likely hazard in Renton. The city’s connection to the global economy and the ease of national and international travel increases the potential for a new disease being introduced here. Additionally, natural disasters could result in displaced populations and mass sheltering, which increase the potential for communicable disease outbreaks. A portion of Renton's population is particularly vulnerable, including young children, the elderly, and individuals with preexisting medical conditions that may increase their risk to public health emergencies. When large numbers of the population are affected, they cannot work, and thus a public health emergency can generate supply chain and critical service shortages. A public health emergency can lead to widespread impacts, including disrupted healthcare access, increased risk of infectious disease transmission, environmental contamination, mental health challenges, food insecurity, and worsening health inequalities. These effects are particularly severe for vulnerable populations and stem from disruptions to essential services and infrastructure. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 7 HAZARD RISK SUMMARY VULNERABILITY SUMMARY IMPACT SUMMARY Severe Weather Tornados are rare in this region, but the city is prone to damaging high winds during seasonal storms. Trees frequently fall during such storms. Some neighborhoods are built entirely within large stands of tall trees. Lightning storms create additional risk of fire. High summer temperatures cause health problems for those without air-conditioning, and drought is a potential consequence. Freezing temperatures are not uncommon for several days in the winter, although prolonged hard freezes in the 20s or below are rare. Snow or ice are relatively common occurrences. In Renton, most power lines are overhead rather than underground, and vulnerable to wind damage. This frequently causes power outages and road closures due to fallen trees. Snow and ice storms similarly lead to power loss, blocked roads, and hazardous conditions, increasing the risk of accidents and economic losses for businesses. Typically mild summers mean many homes lack air conditioning, heightening health risks for vulnerable individuals during extreme heat. Additionally, most homes do not have basements, limiting shelter options in the rare event of a tornado. Severe winter weather can leave residents housebound for days, restricting access to food, medications, and medical care. Freezing temperatures can burst pipes in businesses and homes, including fire sprinkler systems. In a major snow or ice event, the weight of accumulation can pose a risk of roof collapse. For Renton’s homeless population, exposure to extreme cold presents a direct threat to life if adequate shelter is unavailable. Over time, the increasing average annual temperature will create additional health risks due to extreme heat and generate an increase in thunderstorm activity with lightning/wildfire risk and localized high winds, including tornado potential. The risk of drought could impact the city’s water supply, which is 98% dependent upon groundwater sources (wells and springs). Seattle Public Utilities provides approximately 2% of the city’s water supply. The city’s water utility supplies water to 73% of the total city area. The remaining 27% of the area within the city is served by adjacent water districts (Soos Creek Water and Sewer District, Water District #90 and others). Severe winter weather will continue to recur, causing transportation disruption, personal injury, economic injury, and property damage. Terrorism Terrorism falls into two categories: domestic terrorism and international terrorism. The threat of both has been increasing significantly since 9/11, particularly due to three specific factors: the internet, social media, and Homegrown Violent Extremists (HVE). The form and locations of many natural and/or manmade hazards are identifiable and even, in some cases, predictable, however, there is no defined geographic boundary for terrorism. Based on previous historical events, it is presumed that critical facilities, services, and large gatherings of people are at higher risk. Large gatherings are considered a soft target for terrorist attacks. The potential for mass casualties, the strain on medical and law enforcement resources, and the negative psychological effects of fear in the community are substantial. Hard targets of terrorism, like critical infrastructure, when affected, can jeopardize the health, safety, mobility, and communications capability for the entire city, and compromise other essential services and lifelines. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 8 HAZARD RISK SUMMARY VULNERABILITY SUMMARY IMPACT SUMMARY Tsunami/ Seiche The city would not be impacted directly by a tsunami, but it may experience seiches. Seiches may form on enclosed or semi- enclosed bodies of water (e.g., lakes, rivers, etc.) from wind, atmospheric pressure, or seismic waves. An earthquake would be the most likely cause of a seiche in Renton. Many homes and businesses, including Boeing’s manufacturing facility, the Seahawks headquarters and practice facility, the Renton Municipal Airport, a King County Library, and many small businesses are located on the shores of the Cedar River or Lake Washington. Additionally, several roads and bridges are within reach of a seiche. Structures near the water - including residential and commercial buildings, roads, bridges, and other infrastructure - may be impacted by a seiche, leading to injuries, loss of life, property destruction, and damage to public infrastructure Volcano Although the city is outside of a direct lahar flow from any volcano, secondary flooding on the Green River could be the result of a Mt. Rainier eruption. Mt. Rainier, and potentially other area volcanoes, depending on wind direction, can generate ashfall that significantly impacts the City of Renton. Ashfall causes premature wear and failure of automobile engines and electronics. It disrupts air travel, shorts out electricity on power lines causing widespread power outages, clogs gutters, causes property damage, accumulates on flat roofs creating roof collapse risk, creates slippery road surfaces resulting in traffic accidents, and triggers significant health issues in vulnerable individuals. The risk of an ashfall event from the nearest volcano, Mt. Rainier, remains constant over time. The power outages, damage to homes and businesses, compromised automobiles and electronics, and health risks to some residents would have a significant impact on the city. Wildfire Power lines, railroad cars, structure fires, lightning, and human behavior can start fires anywhere. Parts of the City of Renton are heavily treed or covered in brush, and some are in the Wildland-Urban Interface putting residents and businesses there even more at risk. Some areas of Renton have poor evacuation options and limited access for fire apparatus. A wind-driven structure fire like the Regency Woods apartment fire of 2014 can rapidly engulf neighboring homes, trapping residents in areas without sufficient road capacity to handle an evacuation and threatening critical electrical infrastructure. As climate change generates higher average temperatures annually and increased drought risk, the fire danger for Western Washington is increasing. Climatologists predict that eventually Western Washington fire risk will equal that of the much drier and historically fire- prone Eastern Washington. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 9 Hazard and Asset Overview Maps Figure 1: Composite hazard map of Renton. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 10 Figure 2: Earthquake liquefaction susceptibility. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 11 Figure 3: Flood hazard areas in the mapped floodplains. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 12 Figure 4: Known landslide hazard areas. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 13 Figure 5: Known coal mine hazard areas. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 14 City of Renton Assets at Risk ASSET VALUE ($) HAZARD SUMMARY VULNERABILITY SUMMARY IMPACT SUMMARY Fire Stations $59,694,672 Fire stations in Renton may be affected by many hazards including earthquake, flooding, liquefaction, and wildfire. There are seven stations spread across the city, each may face varying degrees of the hazard based on its proximity to fault lines, flood-prone areas, liquefaction zones, and potential wildfire areas. Six fire stations have been retrofitted with modern building code standards designed to reduce vulnerability to earthquakes, however one remains to be updated. The fire stations are structurally susceptible to earthquake, flooding, liquefaction, and wildfire. Damage to a fire station from any of the aforementioned hazards could lead to operational downtime, reducing emergency response capabilities for the entire city. Structural damage would necessitate costly repairs or temporary relocation of staff and equipment. Water damage could impact firefighting equipment and vehicles. Urgent Care Clinics and Hospitals $366,004,200 Urgent care clinics and hospitals in Renton may be affected by hazards such as earthquakes, floods, severe storms, cyber incidents, and pandemics. There is one urgent care clinic and one hospital across the city, each facing varying degrees of susceptibility to fault lines, flood- prone areas, power outages, cyber-attacks, and patient surge capacity. Urgent care clinics and hospitals are vulnerable to structural damage as well as functional disruptions. These clinics and hospitals rely heavily on medical supplies and electricity, making them vulnerable during power outages and supply chain disruptions. In a pandemic, shortages of staff and supplies, and increased patients can worsen these vulnerabilities. Damage to urgent care clinics and hospitals could disrupt critical healthcare services for the community. Structural damage may necessitate repairs or even temporary closures, reducing local healthcare capacity. Power outages may disrupt the delivery of medical treatments, delaying medical care. Pandemics may overwhelm urgent care clinics and hospitals and lead to wider public health impacts. Government Infrastructure $20,506,687 Government infrastructure in Renton, such as City Hall and public works buildings may be impacted by hazards such as earthquake, floods, severe storms, and cyber-attacks. There are 20 city-owned facilities across the city that are susceptible to fault lines, flood-prone areas, power outages, and cyber-attacks. Government infrastructure in Renton that is not seismically retrofitted to modern standards is vulnerable to structural damage from earthquakes. Power outages from storms may disrupt city services. Reliance on digital systems makes government infrastructure vulnerable to cyber-attacks, which may impair city services. Damage to government infrastructure may severely hinder the city's ability to provide essential services. Damages may require temporary relocation of services, disruption of operations, and delayed communication. Digital disruptions from a cyber incident may compromise critical systems and reduce the city's services. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 15 ASSET VALUE ($) HAZARD SUMMARY VULNERABILITY SUMMARY IMPACT SUMMARY Community Infrastructure $6,127,924 Community infrastructure, including community and senior centers in Renton, may be affected by most hazards. There are two community centers and one senior center in Renton that are susceptible to fault- lines, flood-prone areas, power outages, and extreme weather. Renton's community infrastructure is built to modern building codes. The centers are vulnerable to power outages, which disrupt building operations and communications. The centers serve at-risk populations who are more vulnerable during extreme weather events, which can result in serious health consequences. Damage to these community infrastructure facilities could result in temporary closures, disrupting services and programs to the community, especially vulnerable populations who rely on these centers for social support, meals, and shelter. Schools $1,168,853,362 Schools in Renton may be vulnerable to many hazards including earthquakes, floods, severe storms, and severe weather. There are 29 public schools and several private schools across the city that may be susceptible to fault-lines, flood- prone areas, power outages, and extreme heat and cold weather. Renton school infrastructure is vulnerable to earthquakes, and 10 buildings are in the process of being retrofitted or built to modern building codes. School campuses are also vulnerable to flooding in low-lying areas and power outages due to storms. School infrastructure is also vulnerable in extreme weather, putting students and staff at risk in extreme heat and cold weather. Damages to school infrastructure could lead to closures, disrupting education and creating safety concerns for all students and food insecurity for students who rely on schools for meals. Temporary relocation of school infrastructure or school closures could strain the school system and impact parents and the broader community. Disruption to power may disrupt heating, cooling, technology, and limit school activities. Roadways $217,000,000 Roadways in Renton are exposed to earthquakes, flooding, landslides, and severe storms. There are 753 miles of roadways in Renton, which can be susceptible to fault lines, flood-prone areas, unstable soils, and severe weather. Roadways in Renton are vulnerable to ground shaking and liquefaction during earthquakes and washouts and standing water in flood-prone areas impacting the integrity of road surfaces. Both severe storms and landslides may increase debris over roadways. Damage to Renton's roadways may significantly disrupt transportation and hinder movement of people, goods, and emergency vehicles. Extensive damage may lead to lengthy road closures, repairs, and restricted access, which complicate evacuation routes and isolate neighborhoods. Prolonged road closures disrupt daily commuting and commercial activity, with economic consequences. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 16 ASSET VALUE ($) HAZARD SUMMARY VULNERABILITY SUMMARY IMPACT SUMMARY Bridges $300,000,000 Bridges in Renton are exposed to earthquakes, flooding, landslides, and severe storms. There are 26 vehicle and one pedestrian bridges in the Renton Public Works bridge inventory, many of which span fault lines, flood-prone rivers, and areas of unstable soil. Severe weather conditions such as heavy rain, snow, and high winds also pose risks to bridge structures. Many bridges in Renton are aging and eight have not been designed or retrofitted to withstand seismic activity and thus have been identified for further evaluation for seismic upgrades. 23 bridges in Renton cross rivers that are prone to flooding. Bridges in areas of unstable soil are at higher risk of damage due to landslide or liquefaction. Damage to Renton's bridges could disrupt critical transportation routes for emergency response, critical resources, and daily commutes. Bridge closures could result in significant economic losses, delays in emergency services, and increased congestion on alternative routes. Drinking Water System (distribution reservoirs, pump stations, wells, and treatment systems) $107,661,633 The Renton drinking water system consists of nine active wells and one spring water supply facility, with seven water treatment systems and a water treatment plant that serves three wells at the Maplewood Golf Course. There are 10 water storage reservoirs, 50 pressure reducing valve stations, 12 booster pump stations, and 318 miles of water distribution pipe system. The water systems in Renton are exposed to earthquakes, flooding, landslides, severe storms, and cyber incidents. The drinking water system can be susceptible to seismic events, flood-prone areas, unstable soils, severe weather conditions, and cyber- attacks. The drinking water system is vulnerable to seismic and liquefaction activity. The water supply wells and spring, along with portions of the distribution system in Renton are located near rivers or low-lying areas at risk of flooding. Hazards such as landslides and severe storms can cause power supply outages or damage both above ground and underground infrastructure leading to potential contamination and service disruptions. Damage to the Renton drinking water systems would have immediate and widespread impact on Renton's residents, businesses, and emergency services. A disruption in water supply or contamination of water sources could pose serious public health risks, limit firefighting capabilities, and affect critical facilities such as hospitals and schools. Recovery from severe damage to these systems could have long-term effects on the community and economy. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 17 Plan Update Process To convene the planning team, the city expanded the existing Emergency Management Group’s membership, which has representation from each department and the Renton Regional Fire Authority. The invitation included subject matter experts who could contribute to the plan. The planning process began with some staff attending the King County Hazard Mitigation Plan kickoff meeting and workshops. The planning team met twice in joint work sessions to review assets and infrastructure, to determine threats and assess risk, and to identify mitigation solutions to reduce those risks. Planning team members then worked outside the group session to develop the mitigation strategies that are included in this plan revision. Jurisdiction Planning Team NAME TITLE ORGANIZATION CONTRIBUTION Daniel Alexander Captain Renton Regional Fire Authority Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review Chris Barnes Transportation Operations Manager City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review Ethan Belen Civil Engineer III City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review Chester Bennett Civil Engineer City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review Steve Brown Parks Maintenance Manager City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review Sean Clagget Recreation Supervisor City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review Sean Conway Recreation Supervisor City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review Manuel Cruz Airport Director City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review Alan Findlay Structural Plans Examiner City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review Stephen Forsythe Street Maintenance Supervisor City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review Abdoul Gafour Utility Engineering Manager City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review Jayson Grant Pavement Management Technician City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review Ian Gray Urban Forestry & Natural Resources Manager City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review Brian Hammon Facilities Manager City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review Matt Herrera Planning Director City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review Cailín Hunsaker Parks & Trails Director City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review John Kalmbach Street Maintenance Manager City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review Krista Kolaz Risk Manager City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 18 Angel Laycock Communications Manager City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review Katie Medina Civil Engineer City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review Hannah Miller Admin Assistant to Executive Services City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review Jeffrey Minisci Facilities Director City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review Deborah Needham Emergency Management Director City of Renton Renton planning coordination, strategy discussions, worksheets, research, share information, plan review, RHMP Steering Committee lead Renton representative Laura Pettit Communications Director City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review Curt Russell Senior Risk Management Analyst City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review Robert Shuey Development Services Director City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review Jennifer Spencer Recreation Director City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review Ronald Straka Utility Systems Director City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review MJ Thomas Emergency Management Coordinator City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, research, share information, plan review, RHMP Steering Committee alternate Renton representative Brett Tietjen Network Systems Manager City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review Alex Tuttle Senior Assistant City Attorney City of Renton Strategy discussions, plan review Guy Williams Human Services Manager (Parks & Rec) City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review Young Yoon IT Director City of Renton Strategy discussions, worksheets, share information, plan review AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 19 Plan Update Timeline PLANNING ACTIVITY DATE SUMMARY ATTENDEES City of Renton Hazard Mitigation Planning Group Meeting 2/1/2024 Introduction of Plan Review Tool and Hazard Mitigation Plan major revision timeline. City of Renton Hazard Mitigation Planning Group City of Renton Hazard Mitigation Planning Group meeting 4/11/2024 Update on timelines and expectations. City of Renton Hazard Mitigation Planning Group RHMP Steering Committee 4/18/2024 Equity and social justice discussion. Renton Hazard Mitigation Planning Group lead RHMP Steering Committee Meeting 5/9/2024 Equity discussion. Renton Hazard Mitigation Planning Group lead Regional Hazard Mitigation Annex Workshop 7/11/2024 Guidance on development of annexes. Renton Hazard Mitigation Planning Group lead Breakout sessions of City of Renton Hazard Mitigation Planning Group 9/17/2024- 9/30/2024 Updates to project statuses, generation of 2024 and overall project progress reports. Select Renton Hazard Mitigation Planning Group members City of Renton Hazard Mitigation Planning Group meeting 10/3/2024 Review of draft updates, generate new mitigation strategy ideas. City of Renton Hazard Mitigation Planning Group members Breakout sessions of City of Renton Hazard Mitigation Planning Group as needed 10/3/2024- 12/5/2024 Reference and integrate with other plans, data collection related to floodplain administration questions, assets at risk inventory, update data in plan, generate new or revised strategies. Select City of Renton Hazard Mitigation Planning Group members RHMP Steering Committee Meeting 10/24/2024 Rankings, capability assessments, strategy update discussion. Renton Hazard Mitigation Planning Group lead RHMP Steering Committee 11/14/2024 Mitigation strategy discussion Renton Hazard Mitigation Planning Group lead City of Renton Hazard Mitigation Planning Group Meeting 12/5/2024 Review compiled draft plan, prioritize citywide projects, identify gaps. City of Renton Hazard Mitigation Planning Group RHMP Steering Committee 1/16/2025 Final review for city partners, identify gaps. Renton Hazard Mitigation Planning Group lead and alternate AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 20 Public Outreach Public Outreach Events EVENT DATE SUMMARY ATTENDEES Special web page and online survey published 12/8/2023 Published a new informational web page on mitigation and the mitigation plan revision. Published a survey to gather resident/business input for the plan revision. Solicited input from the public on hazard mitigation. Aware: 254 Informed: 83 Engaged: 15 Survey: 14 responses Published in “This Week In Renton” (TWIR) 12/20/2023 Published the invitation to comment in TWIR Total sent to: 23,377 Total opens: 10,055 Unique opens: 7,015 Total clicks: 337 Unique clicks: 306 Social media posts about hazard mitigation plan update 1/3/2024 Published an announcement and invitation for input to the plan revision on Facebook. Facebook: Engagement - 49 Instagram: Engagement -72 X: Engagement - 20 Web page updated with information and draft plan prior to review by King County 2/4/2025 Demonstrate incorporation of comments and feedback from the public. Page hits were pending at time of submission. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 21 City of Renton Hazard Mitigation Program Hazard mitigation strategies were developed through a two- step process. The City of Renton met with an internal planning team, an expansion of the existing Emergency Management Group that meets monthly in the city, to identify a comprehensive range of mitigation strategies. These strategies were then prioritized using a process established at the county level and documented in the base plan. Each department or agency that has submitted a strategy plan will continue to work towards progress on that strategy. This includes advocacy for budget allocations, workload assignments, and grant applications that support accomplishment of those strategies. Plan Monitoring, Implementation, and Future Updates King County leads the mitigation plan monitoring and update process and schedules the annual plan check-ins and bi-annual mitigation strategy updates. Updates on mitigation projects are solicited by the county for inclusion in the countywide annual report. As a participant in the 2025 update to the Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan, the City of Renton agrees to convene their internal planning team at least annually to review their progress on hazard mitigation strategies and to update the plan based on new data or recent disasters. This will be a breakout session of members of the city’s Emergency Management Group that will convene in August, October, or December to conduct this review. When King County Emergency Management sends federal notices of funding opportunity for the Hazard Mitigation Assistance Grant Program, the city will evaluate the viability of projects eligible for such grants and will submit grant applications if appropriate to align with the priorities of the Hazard Mitigation Plan. This will be a key strategy to implement the plan. The next plan update is expected to be due in April 2030. The City of Renton will submit a letter of intent by 2028, at least two years prior to plan expiration. The county will lead the next regional planning effort, beginning at least 18 months before the expiration of the 2025 plan. Continued Public Participation The City of Renton already maintains substantial public outreach capabilities, focusing on personal preparedness and education. Updates on the progress of hazard mitigation plan implementation will be incorporated into public outreach efforts. This will provide Renton residents, already engaged in personal preparedness efforts, with context and the opportunity to provide feedback on the county’s progress and priorities in large-scale mitigation. In the vertical integration of risk-reduction activities from personal to local to state and federal, it is important that the public understand how its activities support and are supported by larger-scale efforts. The outreach and mitigation teams will also continue to work with media and other agency partners to publicize mitigation success stories and help explain how vulnerabilities are being fixed. When possible, public tours of mitigation projects will be organized to allow community members to see successful mitigation in action. King County Overall Plan Goals The goal of the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan is to create a framework that reduces the impact and susceptibility of the identified hazards on people, property, and the environment, prioritizing historically underserved communities. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 22 Hazard Mitigation Authorities, Responsibilities, and Capabilities Plans PLAN TITLE RESPONSIBLE AGENCY POINT OF CONTACT RELATIONSHIP TO HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Comprehensive Plan City of Renton Community and Economic Development Department Community & Economic Development Administrator; Planning Director Includes policies applicable to sensitive areas and principles for future development. Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan City of Renton Office of Emergency Management Emergency Management Director Comprehensive Emergency Management Plans currently include mitigation approaches with roles/responsibilities of city departments and community partners. Capital Facilities Plan City of Renton Public Works Department Finance Department Parks and Recreation Department Parks and Recreation Administrator Finance Administrator Public Works Administrator Identifies critical facilities and major improvement or construction projects that need to consider hazards/vulnerabilities, and appropriate mitigation measures. Urban Forest Management Plan City of Renton Parks and Recreation Department Urban Forestry and Natural Resources Manager Details annual tree maintenance and inspection protocols for public safety. Well maintained trees are inherently less hazardous and prone to catastrophic failure. Urban tree canopy cover also mitigates problems from urban heat. Includes a risk tree inspection plan and staff training program. Staff includes ISA Certified Tree Risk Assessors. Utilities plans Water Utility System Plan; Long Range Wastewater Management Plan; Surface Water Utility System Plan Utility Systems Director Identifies systems and essential services that need to consider hazards/vulnerabilities, and appropriate mitigation measures. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 23 Programs, Policies, and Processes PROGRAM/POLICY RESPONSIBLE AGENCY POINT OF CONTACT RELATIONSHIP TO HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Building Codes City of Renton Community and Economic Development Department City of Renton Building Official Building code development should be based on a common understanding of hazards described in this plan. Emergency Management Program City of Renton Executive Department/Emergency Management Division Emergency Management Director Tracking of disaster impacts, new or changing hazards, public engagement around mitigation. Critical Areas Ordinance Community and Economic Development Community & Economic Development Administrator, Planning Director Regulate development in sensitive areas. City of Renton Utility Services Public Works Department Public Works Administrator Utility Systems Director Maintenance Services Director Solid Waste Program Manager Maintenance of working systems should be based on a common understanding of hazards described in this plan. Fire Code Renton Regional Fire Authority Fire Marshal Fire code development should be based on a common understanding of hazards described in this plan. Entities Responsible for Hazard Mitigation AGENCY/ORGANIZATION POINT OF CONTACT RESPONSIBILITY(S) Community and Economic Development Department Community and Economic Development Administrator, Planning Director Policy and planning input to decrease community vulnerability over time and react to emergencies. Parks and Recreation Department Parks and Recreation Administrator Mitigating damage to and preserving natural resources. Executive Services Department Deputy Chief Administrative Officer, Emergency Management Director, Information Technology Director Planning process oversight, public education and engagement, and hardening of cyber infrastructure. Police Department Police Chief, Police Commander - Patrol Law enforcement, including mitigation and response to civil disturbances and acts of terrorism. Public Works Department Public Works Administrator Critical infrastructure mitigation (roads, bridges, utilities, etc.), floodplain management, mitigating damage to city facilities, hazardous materials mitigation, emergency response and recovery. Renton Regional Fire Authority Fire Chief Wildfire mitigation, public education and engagement, fire code development and enforcement, hazardous materials mitigation, emergency response and recovery. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 24 National Flood Insurance Program The City of Renton is a member of and actively participates in the National Flood Insurance Program, which makes flood insurance available to Renton property owners. The city oversees compliance with the National Flood Insurance Program requirements for new construction and provides information to property owners in Special Flood Hazard Areas regarding flood insurance requirements. National Flood Insurance Program Compliance What department is responsible for floodplain management in your community? Shared responsibility and partnership between the Community and Economic Development Department and the Public Works Department. Who is your community’s floodplain administrator? (title/position) Community and Economic Development Department Administrator. What is the date of adoption of your flood damage prevention ordinance? May 8, 1981 (Ordinance 3537), last update on July 5, 2015 Ord. 5757. When was the most recent Community Assistance Visit or Community Assistance Contact? June 17, 2019, Matt Gerlach, Regional NFIP Coordinator and Dave Radabaugh, Washington State Department of Ecology Shorelands and Environmental Assistance Program Does your community have any outstanding NFIP compliance violations that need to be addressed? If so, please state what they are? No outstanding NFIP compliance violations. Do your flood hazard maps adequately address the flood risk within your community? If so, please state why. Once the new King County DFIRM follows the letter of final determination from FEMA, the flood hazard maps will adequately address flood risks in Renton except for in the portion of the Green River floodplain in Renton. The Green River floodplain is identified as a seclusion area in the DFIRM that still utilizes the old FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps until an updated Flood Insurance Study and map is completed. Does your floodplain management staff need any assistance or training to support its floodplain management program? If so, what type of training/assistance is needed? Yes, overview of NFIP current requirements for new and existing employees. Training on the information needed and how to complete the updated Building Elevation Certificate and training needed for becoming a certified floodplain manager. Does your community participate in the Community Rating System (CRS)? If so, what is your CRS Classification and are you seeing to improve your rating? If not, is your community interested in joining CRS? Yes. CRS Classification 5. The City of Renton is seeking to maintain this rating and possibly improve our rating as part of the next CRS verification review. How many Severe Repetitive Loss (SRL) and Repetitive Loss (RL) properties are located in your jurisdiction? SRL: 0 RL: 0 Has your community ever conducted an elevation or buy out of a flood-prone property? If so, what fund source did you use? If not, are you interested in pursuing buyouts of flood-prone properties? n/a AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 25 Hazard Mitigation Strategies The city has made notable progress in mitigation projects over the past five years. Major accomplishments include planning for a major dredging project on the Cedar River to prevent flooding; completion of existing conditions assessments and the design phase for improvements to the levees and floodwalls; installation of standby emergency power generators at key locations; completion of a water system assessment and emergency plan; and amending sheltering plans to mitigate health effects of wildfire smoke. In the reformatting of this plan, several strategies have been reevaluated, and some have been deprecated. Others have been converted into the new format of strategies. Those changes have been indicated in the table below. 2020 Hazard Mitigation Strategy Status STRATEGY DESCRIPTION PRIORITY STATUS Airport Earthquake and Seismic Mitigation Recent survey has identified the Seaplane Ramp is settling and developed significant cracking due to a developed void underneath. The Airport needs to rebuild/reinforce the ramp. Multiple conduits and water mains are routed under the runway. Reinforcing this infrastructure to resist seismic activity would prevent loss of air traffic control communication capabilities and hydraulic mining under the runway surface. High From 2020-2024 the city submitted multiple grant pre-applications, attempting to secure funding for this seismic mitigation project. As this strategy has been unsuccessful, the city is now pursuing funding to replace the tower. Three applications have been made to different funding sources but as yet have not been awarded. This project scope is being rewritten to reflect this different approach. Cedar River Section 205 Flood Hazard Reduction Project – Operation and Maintenance The objective of this program is to operate and maintain the levees in accordance with the Operation and Maintenance Manual (O&MM) and maintain a minimally acceptable rating following each United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE_ levee inspection. Medium The city continued to operate and maintain the Cedar River Section 205 levee in accordance with the operation manual and the sponsorship agreement with the US Army Corps of Engineers. The levee has continued to receive a minimally acceptable rating and continued to pass every routine and periodic inspection conducted by the Corps and thus remains eligible for federal sponsorship and emergency assistance under public law 84-99. Cedar River Gravel Removal Project The objective of this project is to periodically (every 12-18 years) dredge the bed of the Cedar River to reduce the risk of flooding and protect adjacent properties. Medium Following the 2016 gravel removal project, the city entered a 10-year post construction mitigation monitoring and reporting phase that will extend to 2027. In addition to the mitigation requirements, the city continues to monitor sediment deposition and is anticipated to initiate design and permitting for the next gravel removal project in 2026. STRATEGY DESCRIPTION PRIORITY STATUS AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 26 Cedar River Section 205 Levee Certification Project Several sections of the levees and floodwalls need improvements in order to provide sufficient freeboard or increase structural stability to meet current levee certification standards. The City of Renton is permitting, designing, and constructing these improvements. Medium The city completed design of the levee improvements aimed at achieving FEMA accreditation of the Cedar River Section 205 Levee as providing protection from the 100-year flood. Construction is planned for 2026, pending completion of section 408 review with the US Army Corps of Engineers and Endangered Species Act compliance with FEMA. Coal Mine Study Mitigation Strategy Update and verify historic maps of coal mine features and overlay these with vulnerable infrastructure to assist in identifying potential hazards. Identify methods to stabilize areas where critical infrastructure is at risk from subsidence. Low This project, originally anticipated to begin in 2020, was deferred due to shifting priorities and personnel changes subsequent to the onset of the COVID pandemic. Staff and resource allocation had not yet been identified to begin work on this mitigation strategy. Funding/ Partnership Mitigation Strategy Reach out to community partners to determine shared concerns and priorities around hazard mitigation, and negotiate cost-share agreements for shared projects, or allocate matching funds from city budget to meet grant requirements. Low The city has continued to vie for project funds through the Hazard Mitigation/BRIC grant programs. City representatives have submitted pre-applications, but Renton projects have not yet been funded. Lower Cedar River Flood Risk Reduction Feasibility Study This study would explore measures to prevent localized flooding and reduce the flooding risks during extreme events and the feasibility of achieving such a level of protection. Medium The city completed an existing conditions assessment and is exploring scenarios reflecting climate change that would be analyzed under future conditions. Alternative measures to reduce flood risk during extreme events and the feasibility of achieving a higher level of protection than the 100-year flood will be assessed. Maintenance Facility Standby Emergency Power The maintenance facility currently only has back-up power generation that allow for partial operation, which impacts the city’s ability to respond to hazards that result in power outages. The increased back-up power generation will provide full power to the facility for hazard emergency response without limitation due to only partial power at the City of Renton Maintenance Shop Facility. High A standby emergency power generator was installed at the maintenance facility in 2021. Additional maintenance facility electrical panel switch modifications are planned to increase the amount of power the maintenance facility can accept for the standby power generator. STRATEGY DESCRIPTION PRIORITY STATUS AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 27 Regional Planning Mitigation Strategy This plan will identify opportunities to support countywide initiatives identified in the overall King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan and actively participate in the plan maintenance strategy identified. Medium The city is actively engaged in contributing to countywide initiatives, with representatives serving on the regional steering committee for the county’s five- year major plan revision during 2024-2025. This commitment is reflected in the Emergency Management Strategic Plan for the city and will be carried into the next plan review cycle. Utility Pumping Facilities Back-Up Power The city will evaluate emergency standby power options, including installing on-site generators and increasing fuel storage, to lessen the impact of future power outages at utility pumping facilities. High A new standby emergency power generator was installed at the West Hill pump station in 2024. Proposed emergency generator to be installed at South Talbot pump station in 2025-2026. Volcanic Ash & Wildfire Smoke Mitigation Strategy May 18, the anniversary of Mt. St. Helen’s eruption, will serve as an annual ash and wildfire smoke awareness campaign launch. It will include social media and public communications regarding education on the risk to Renton residents; appropriate actions if the hazard occurs; and ways to lessen the impact of poor air quality on human health, as well as transportation and general visibility. Low This strategy has been advanced through extensive public education efforts regarding wildfire smoke risks. Messaging was developed by Public Health – Seattle and King County and Puget Sound Clean Air Agency and amplified through city channels. Additionally, the city amended sheltering operational plans to include thresholds and protocols for providing shelter options to the general public based on air quality due to wildfire smoke to mitigate the health hazards associated with poor air quality. Water System Risk Assessment The risk assessment will 1) inventory at-risk water infrastructure that contribute to critical functionality of the water system; 2) evaluate the risk and known vulnerabilities to significant threats and hazards; and 3) implement prevention, protection, and mitigation activities for identified threats and hazards. The Water Utility will develop partnerships with local emergency response and planning groups to foster hazard mitigation activities. Medium The city has completed the Water System Risk & Resiliency Assessment and Emergency Response Plan update in December 2020. STRATEGY DESCRIPTION PRIORITY STATUS AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 28 Water Utility Seismic Resilience The Water Utility will apply to participate in Pacific Northwest Seismic Network’s new pilot program that monitors earthquake activity using a network of sensors distributed across the region. High The city has completed the Water Utility Seismic Resilience Plan as part of the Water System Risk & Resiliency Assessment and Emergency Response Plan update in December 2020. The ShakeAlert project was abandoned after a failed grant application, and instead there are plans to install seismic valves on reservoir outlet pipes. 2025 Hazard Mitigation Strategies The following strategies emerged as the best mitigation focus for the City of Renton over the next five years, with some projects in a monitoring status, such as the Cedar River Gravel Removal Project after dredging, to determine longer range mitigation needs 10 years out or more. All strategies represent the city’s intention to mitigate where possible and in the manner described within each proposed strategy. However, the ability of the city to carry out specific proposals may be affected by unforeseeable circumstances or context (such as immediate disaster response and recovery needs taking precedence), changing legal or regulatory requirements, and resource availability (i.e., grant funding, budgetary constraints, staffing, etc.). AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 29 2025 Hazard Mitigation Strategies STRATEGY LEAD AGENCY/POC TIMELINE PRIORITY Airport Seismic Mitigation Renton Public Works/Airport Manager 2025–2027 High Cedar River Section 205 Flood Hazard Reduction Project – Operation and Maintenance Renton Public Works/Surface Water Engineering Manager Ongoing Medium Cedar River Gravel Removal Project Renton Public Works/Surface Water Engineering Manager 2031–2037 Medium Cedar River Section 205 Levee Certification Project Renton Public Works/Surface Water Engineering Manager 2025 Medium Civil Disturbance Mitigation Renton Police/ Police Commander - Patrol Ongoing Low Coal Mine Study Mitigation Strategy Renton Community and Economic Development/Planning Director and Building Plan Reviewer 2025–2030 Low Cyber Incident Disaster Recovery Site Renton Information Technology/Information Technology Director 2025 High Funding/Partnership Mitigation Strategy Renton Emergency Management/Emergency Management Director 2025 and ongoing Low Hazardous Materials Public Education Renton Public Works Solid Waste Program Manager 2026 and ongoing Low Lower Cedar River Flood Risk Reduction Feasibility Study Renton Public Works Surface Water Engineering Manager 2025 Medium Maintenance Facility Standby Emergency Power Public Works Department Facilities Director 2025 High Public Health Emergency Mitigation Renton Emergency Management/Emergency Management Director 2025 and ongoing Low Regional Planning Mitigation Strategy Renton Emergency Management/Emergency Management Director Ongoing Medium Terrorism Mitigation Renton Police/Commander – Administrative Services Ongoing Low Tsunami/Seiche Renton Community and Economic Development/Planning Director 2025-2030 Low Utility Pumping Facilities Back-Up Power Renton Public Works/Utility Systems Director 2026 High Volcanic Ash & Wildfire Smoke Mitigation Strategy Renton Emergency Management/Emergency Management Director 2025 and ongoing Low Water System Risk Assessment Renton Public Works/Water Utility Engineering Manager and Water Maintenance Manager 2030–2031 Medium Water Utility Seismic Resilience Renton Public Works/Water Utility Engineering Manager and Water Maintenance Manager 2026 High AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 30 Airport Seismic Mitigation Lead POC • Assistant Airport Manager • Airport Manager • Airport Engineer Partner Points of Contact • Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) • Federal Emergency Management Administration Hazards Mitigated Earthquake, Landslide/ Sinkhole Funding Sources/ Estimated Costs FEMA grants; FAA; AIP; local budget CIP; Small Airports Program. $1.8M Retrofit cost; $650,000 city cost. Strategy Vision/Objective Mitigate seismic impacts to the air traffic control tower in future events and repair current damage from the past 1994 event(s). The tower is not currently rated for either Collapse Prevention, Life Safety or Immediate Occupancy in case of a seismic event. Generally, an Immediate Occupancy performance level is assigned to a building that is deemed an essential facility and is required to be functional shortly after the design-level earthquake. The 2012 International Building Code (IBC) classifies aviation control towers and air traffic control centers as essential facilities. Mitigation Strategy The Renton Municipal Airport’s air traffic control tower, built in the 1960s, does not meet current structural code. Recent engineering studies identified the following deficiencies: excessive horizontal drift ratios, inadequate beam connections to the weak axes of columns, inadequate panel zone shear capacities, lack of beam bottom flange bracing, impacts of site liquefaction, and lack of connection between the timber piles and the concrete pile caps to resist uplift forces due to an earthquake, which is of particular concern for a building with the height-to-base width aspect ratio of a control tower. To remedy the tower to an ASCE 41-13, Retrofit Standard BSE-2E, Tier III, Risk III, “Limited Safety Structural Performance, Non-Structural Performance not considered” (Life Safety) rating, an exoskeleton and bracing could be fitted. As per the last official notice Wiley Post Seaplane Base is considered a strategic asset according to the Puget Sound Transportations Recovery Annex. Recent survey has identified the Seaplane Ramp is settling and developed significant cracking due to a developed void underneath, the Airport needs to rebuild/reinforce ramp. Multiple conduits and water mains are routed under the runway. Reinforcing this infrastructure to resist seismic activity would prevent loss of air traffic control communication capabilities and hydraulic mining under the runway surface. This will facilitate the safe operation of the Air Traffic Control Tower and Seaplane Base and the uninterrupted transportation of goods/supplies and protect the city’s economic development. 2-Year Objectives • Apply for FEMA PDM funding. • Apply for FAA Funding, Master Plan. • Contingent on supplemental funding approval, complete retrofit of Tower Mitigation Project. 5-Year Objectives • Evaluate remaining life and determine appropriateness of complete replacement. • Conduct siting study for new tower. • Relocate/fix Seaplane Base. • Reinforce communication conduit. Long-Term Objectives • Replace air traffic control tower with new structure if repair is not feasible. • Maintain air traffic control tower to a Critical Infrastructure Standard, Non-Structural to be considered. Implementation Plan/Actions • Combine FEMA grants (PDM) and Airport funds for the Airport Tower Mitigation Project. • Plan for future siting and building of new tower. Performance Measures • Successfully eliminate the structural seismic concern at the airport by retrofitting and/or building a new facility. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 31 Cedar River Section 205 Flood Hazard Reduction Project – Operation and Maintenance Lead POC • Surface Water Engineering Manager Partner Points of Contact • King County Flood Alerts • Boeing Hazards Mitigated Dam Failure, Flood Funding Sources/ Estimated Costs Local budget Surface Water Capital Improvement Program; local budget Surface Water Maintenance Fund; federal disaster funding; US Army Corps of Engineers; King County Flood Control District. Cost is dependent on specific maintenance needs. Strategy Vision/Objective Following the construction of the Section 205 levees along the Cedar River from Williams Ave N to Lake Washington, in cooperation with the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), obligations for operation and maintenance were transferred to the City of Renton in accordance with the Operation and Maintenance Manual (O&MM). Additionally, USACE conducts routine annual and 5-year periodic inspections of the levees in order to determine maintenance needs and rate their acceptability and eligibility for flood response assistance. The objective of this program is to operate and maintain the levees in accordance with the O&MM and maintain a minimally acceptable rating following each USACE levee inspection. This would reduce the risk of levee failure, maintain federal sponsorship of the Cedar River Section 205 levees and eligibility for flood response assistance under PL84-99, and maintain the level of protection of the Cedar River Section 205 levees to, at minimum, the 100-year flow. Mitigation Strategy • Maintain close cooperation with USACE and Boeing. • Adhere to the inspections, flood stage procedures, bridge operation, closure operation, and maintenance requirements of the OM&M. • Secure funding for routine repair projects. 2-Year Objectives • Same as long-term objectives. 5-Year Objectives • Same as long-term objectives. Long-Term Objectives • Prevent levee failure due to lack of maintenance or improper operation. • Maintain eligibility for federal flood response assistance. Implementation Plan/Actions • Monitor flows on the Cedar River during major regional storm events. • Initiate levee repair or vegetation management projects in a timely manner following the determination of a deficiency. • Conduct levee inspections with USACE and as required by the O&MM. Performance Measures • Obtain a minimally acceptable rating from USACE on an annual basis. • Operate and maintain the Section 205 Levees in accordance with the O&MM. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 32 Cedar River Gravel Removal Project Lead POC • Surface Water Engineering Manager Partner Points of Contact • King County Flood Control Zone District • Boeing Hazards Mitigated Flood Funding Sources/ Estimated Costs Local budget Surface Water Capital Improvement Program; King County Flood Control Zone District Capital Improvement Program. $ 10.5 Million Strategy Vision/Objective The USACE Section 205 project on the lower 1.25 miles of Cedar River requires periodic maintenance dredging due to continuous sediment accumulation that gradually reduces the conveyance capacity of the river, and level of flood protection offered by USACE Section 205 levees from Williams Ave S to Lake Washington. The objective of this project is to periodically (every 12-18 years) dredge the bed of the Cedar River to reduce the risk of flooding and protect adjacent properties. The periodic maintenance dredging is required as part of the agreement with USACE for the initial construction of the Cedar River Section 205 Flood Hazard Reduction Project levees and floodwalls. Mitigation Strategy The City of Renton monitors sediment accumulation on a yearly basis by performing cross section surveys along the lower two miles of the river. When the riverbed reaches or significantly approaches the “warning elevation,” defined as 1.5 ft below the “maximum bed elevation,” the city initiates the design and permitting efforts of a maintenance dredging project. The “maximum bed elevation” is the riverbed elevation above which the levees in Section 205 can no longer provide two feet of freeboard during the 100-year flood. Typically, a maintenance dredging project also includes bank stabilization and outfall repairs needed to maintain the structural stability of the levees. 2-Year Objectives • Keep monitoring sediment accumulation. • Begin planning, permitting and design of the next gravel removal project. 5-Year Objectives • Keep monitoring sediment accumulation. • Secure funding for the design, permitting, construction and mitigation requirements of the next gravel removal Project. • If required, initiate construction of the next gravel removal project. Long-Term Objectives • Successfully dredge the Cedar River and maintain the flood protection capacity of the USACE Section 205 levees. Implementation Plan/Actions • Annual survey of sediment accumulation. • Maintenance dredging of the Cedar River every 12-18 years. Performance Measures • Successful project execution is achieved when the Cedar River gets dredged before reaching the “maximum bed elevation” in compliance with all permitting and mitigation requirements. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 33 Cedar River Section 205 Levee Certification Project Lead POC • Surface Water Engineering Manager Partner Points of Contact • USACE – Seattle District • King County Flood Control Zone District • Boeing • FEMA Hazards Mitigated Dam Failure, Flood Funding Sources/ Estimated Costs Local budget Surface Water Capital Improvement Program; King County Flood Control Zone District Capital Improvement Program. $ 5,000,000 Strategy Vision/Objective The Cedar River USACE Section 205 levees are currently provisionally accredited levees, with final accreditation contingent upon design and construction of levee improvements that were determined to be needed in order to meet current FEMA accreditation standards and provide sufficient freeboard during the 100-year flood. If left uncertified, the levees would not be mapped by FEMA and adjacent properties would be regulated as if they were in the floodplain. This mitigation strategy will work to protect Renton Municipal Airport, the Boeing 737 production facility, city park, and adjacent commercial/residential properties from flooding and being subjected to floodplain development regulations and flood insurance requirements. Mitigation Strategy Several sections of the levees and floodwalls need improvements in order to provide sufficient freeboard or increase structural stability to meet current levee certification standards. The City of Renton is permitting, designing and constructing these improvements. 2-Year Objectives • Permit and design levee improvements. • Submit a new Conditional Letter of Map Revision (CLOMR) input to FEMA showing final design drawings and demonstrating Endangered Species Act Compliance. 5-Year Objectives • Construct levee improvements. • Submit a Letter of Map Revision (LOMR) input to FEMA with the final project report and record drawing and obtain accreditation. Long-Term Objectives • Maintain levee accreditation with FEMA. • Initiate a re-accreditation project once the certification issued by the consultant expires. Implementation Plan/Actions • Use a phased approach (assessment, permitting, design, construction, final accreditation). • Coordinate with USACE on Section 408 review and other agencies on required permits. • Use an effective project management approach and closely monitor schedule. Performance Measures • Several milestones during the design of the levee improvements will serve as performance checkpoints. • Successful accreditation relies on adequate project management and control, clear communication and collaboration with the permitting agencies, and successful construction of the improvements. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 34 Civil Disturbance Mitigation Lead POC • Renton Police Commander – Patrol Partner Points of Contact • Key community partners determined situationally relative to incidents. Hazards Mitigated Civil Disturbance Funding Sources/ Estimated Costs Staff time. $0 Strategy Vision/Objective To foster a united and resilient community in Renton where trust, understanding, and collaborative relationships between residents, local government, and law enforcement prevent and mitigate civil disturbances. To achieve this strategy, relationships between the community and the Renton Police Department can be strengthened through dialogue, public outreach, and collaborative partnerships. Mitigation Strategy • Build and strengthen community partnerships to identify and address potential sources of tension or dissatisfaction. • In partnership with local organizations and community groups, address root causes of civil disturbances through assessments that identify systemic issues such as economic disparities, social inequalities, and or perceived lack of representation. • Enhance communication and outreach through disseminated public outreach videos that highlight the capabilities of local law enforcement and showcase the shared values and goals of the community. 2-Year Objectives • Establish and maintain the community partnerships. • Complete an assessment of systemic issues contributing to civil disturbances and begin addressing these areas. • Launch community outreach videos. 5-Year Objectives • Develop and sustain programs that continue to address systemic issues. • Expand community partnerships and stakeholders to support long-term engagement. • Continue community outreach opportunities to reach more groups. Long-Term Objectives • Foster a sustained culture of trust and collaboration reducing the incidences of civil disturbances in the city. Implementation Plan/Actions • Host a community engagement meeting with local organizations and community groups to outline goals and priorities and listen to concerns of the citizens. • Conduct a community wide survey to identify concerns, perceptions, and receive suggestions regarding local law enforcement and local government. • Develop a communication plan for public outreach videos and social media campaigns. • Continue fostering transparency by hosting regular meetings and listening sessions with the community. • Roll out initiatives to address the systemic issues in collaboration with community partners. • Monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the mitigation efforts, adjusting strategies as needed. • Continue to expand outreach efforts and strengthen partnerships to ensure ongoing trust and engagement. Performance Measures • Growth in attendance for community outreach events, meetings, and online engagement. • Annual surveys to the community indicating increased satisfaction with law enforcement initiatives. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 35 Coal Mine Study Mitigation Strategy Lead POC • Planning Director Partner Points of Contact • US Office of Surface Mines • Olympic Pipeline • Bonneville Power Administration • Seattle City Light • Puget Sound Energy • Seattle Public Utilities Hazards Mitigated Earthquakes, Landslides/Sinkholes Funding Sources/ Estimated Costs FEMA; Match in staff time through local budget. Total cost $100,000. Strategy Vision/Objective Update and verify historic maps of coal mine features, including mine shafts and coal mine seams, and overlay these with vulnerable infrastructure including regional fuel pipelines, electrical transmission corridors, regional water pipelines, sensitive receptors (schools, hospitals, etc.), and roadways to assist in identifying potential hazards. Identify methods to stabilize areas where critical infrastructure is at risk from subsidence. Mitigation Strategy • Identify historic coal mine features that potentially conflict with critical infrastructure and sensitive receptors. • Identify mitigation measures to stabilize areas with high risk for subsidence. • Avoid developing new critical infrastructure and/or sensitive receptors in areas with identified subsidence risk from historic coal mining activities. 2-Year Objectives • Review coal mine hazard regulations for Best Available Science compliance as part of 2024/2025 Critical Areas Ordinance update 5-Year Objectives • Fund study to verify location and depth of abandoned and closed historic coalmine features and identify where these features may threaten critical infrastructure. • Identify mitigation to stabilize known areas of conflict. Long-Term Objectives • Coal mine maps are integrated and maintained with other hazard maps to gain a better understanding of hazard complexity to inform future development and emergency response and mitigation decisions. Implementation Plan/Actions • Fund study no earlier than 2026 to verify locations and depths of abandoned and closed historic coalmines and coal mining features. Overlay with critical infrastructure and develop mitigation to prevent subsidence and threat to critical infrastructure and vulnerable sensitive receptors. • Convene stakeholder meetings no earlier than late 2026 to share study findings and develop joint strategies to develop mitigation measures. Performance Measures • Successfully identify potential hazards to determine current hazard risk and strategies to avoid impacts of subsidence on critical infrastructure such as pipelines and roads, and vulnerable sensitive receptors such as schools and hospitals. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 36 Cyber Incident Disaster Recovery Site Lead POC • IT Infrastructure and Security Manager • IT Director Partner Points of Contact • Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, Supervisory Cybersecurity Advisor Hazards Mitigated Cyber Incident Funding Sources/ Estimated Costs Local budget approved by council and provided as part of the Capital Improvement Plan (CIP). $1,400,000. Strategy Vision/Objective To provide for systems and/or data recovery in the event of detrimental infrastructure failure or cyber incident; also providing for continuity of business in the event of the primary site becoming physically or virtually inaccessible. Mitigation Strategy The city of Renton has over 150 virtual servers it relies on to provide critical services and applications. In the event of a cyber incident that may compromise primary systems, a robust backup solution is required that can safely store and protect immutable copies of our data for restoration after remediation. Adequate hardware infrastructure is also required to support restoration in a timely manner along with failover capability if necessary. To this end, the city has invested in new server hyperconverged infrastructure (HCI) in both our primary and secondary data center locations, along with an industry-leading backup solution. In the event of a cyber incident, the city references and follows our Incident Response Plan to remediate and recover. If the secondary site is needed as a failover, necessary configuration changes will be made (IP, DNS, etc.) and it will be brought online to allow for continuity of operation until the primary site is again available. 2-Year Objectives • Purchase, install, configure, test and go-live with new HCI infrastructure and backup solution. 5-Year Objectives • Forklift secondary site to a location geographically separated from our primary site to avoid losing both in the event of natural disaster or loss of physical access. Long-Term Objectives • Regularly monitor, test and maintain backup and failover capabilities. Implementation Plan/Actions • Have 3rd party perform disaster recovery assessment and suggest plan of action. • Based on recommendations, gather quotes for necessary resources from partner value-added resellers (VARs). • Submit CIP request to Finance and City Council for approval. • Acquire funding; procure, install, configure and test infrastructure in backup/disaster recovery site. • Procure, install, configure and test infrastructure in primary site. • Fine-tune backup service level agreements and business continuity/failover configurations. • Fully test solution. • Relocate secondary (disaster recovery and business continuity) site to an acceptably distant geographical location. • Test, verify, maintain. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 37 Performance Measures • Restoration capabilities in line with established SLA’s. • Adequate performance in failover state to second site. Funding/Partnership Mitigation Strategy Lead POC • Emergency Management Director Partner Points of Contact • Washington State Military Department Emergency Management Division Public Assistance Program Coordinator • FEMA Region 10 Senior Stakeholder Relations Specialist Hazards Mitigated All Funding Sources/ Estimated Costs Staff time. $0 Strategy Vision/Objective Leverage community partnerships (public and private) and grant funding opportunities to address mitigation priorities within the city. Mitigation Strategy • Reach out to community partners to determine shared concerns and priorities around hazard mitigation. • Negotiate cost-share agreements for shared projects or allocate matching funds from city budget to meet grant requirements. 2-Year Objectives • Identify new partners for mitigation projects where appropriate. • Submit grant applications when opportunities arise. 5-Year Objectives • Complete one project with partner participation and/or grant funding. Long-Term Objectives • Continue to cultivate a community culture that participates in mitigation investments. Implementation Plan/Actions • Introduce mitigation concepts in meetings with external stakeholders. • Maintain grant documentation files and tracking system for applications. Performance Measures • Submit one grant application every two years. • Complete one project with partner participation and/or grant funding. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 38 Hazardous Materials Public Education Lead Points of Contact • Solid Waste Program Manager Partner Points of Contact • King County Hazardous Waste Management Program, Educator Consultant III Hazards Mitigated Hazardous Materials Funding Sources/ Estimated Costs King County Hazardous Waste Management Program grant. $25,000 Strategy Vision/Objective Increase the knowledge of Renton residents about potential chemical exposure risks from common household products and provide them with alternative strategies to help reduce their exposure. Mitigation Strategy Expand the “Safer Cleaning” pilot program to educate all residents in mid-to-large sized multifamily properties about safer cleaning product choices and strategies for alternative cleaning methods. 2-Year Objectives • Host at least six in-person workshops or tabling events on safer cleaning. • Build on previous and current customer engagement to tailor the workshops and tabling events to resident needs. 5-Year Objectives • Program is institutionalized. A maintenance strategy keeps it fresh and relevant to target audiences. Long-Term Objectives • Reduce resident exposure to toxic cleaning materials. Implementation Plan/Actions • In 2025, continue evaluating outcomes of “Safer Cleaning” pilot program. • In 2026, adjust program based on pilot analysis recommendations. • Expand offerings to include more in-person on-site workshops at multifamily properties and educational tabling at events such as the city’s farmer’s market. • Amplify messaging about safer cleaning via social media and monitor response in 2026 and beyond. • Periodically evaluate program effectiveness. Performance Measures • Hold three workshops in 2026, and then annually. • Participate in two tabling events in 2026, and then annually. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 39 Lower Cedar River Flood Risk Reduction Feasibility Study Lead POC • Surface Water Engineering Manager Partner Points of Contact • King County Flood Control Zone District • King County • Boeing Hazards Mitigated Flood Funding Sources/ Estimated Costs Local budget Surface Water Capital Improvement Program; King County Flood Control Zone District Capital Improvement Program. $ 500,000 Strategy Vision/Objective Identify the most feasible level of flood protection along the lower 2 miles of the Cedar River and specific improvement projects to implement in order to reach that level of protection. Reduce additional flood risk beyond the 100-year level of flood protection. Identify future flood improvement projects along the lower two miles of the Cedar River. Mitigation Strategy The Lower Cedar River traverses through a major commercial, industrial, recreational and residential area in the City of Renton, vital to the local economy. The USACE Section 205 project, from Williams Ave N to Lake Washington is protected from the 100-year flood by levees. However, overtopping could occur at locations upstream of this reach and result in minor localized flooding of roadways. This study would explore measures to prevent such localized flooding. Also, during floods larger than the 200-year flood event, extensive overtopping of the left and right banks upstream of Logan Ave could occur. This study would explore measures to reduce the flooding risks during such extreme events and the feasibility of achieving such a level of protection. 2-Year Objectives • Identify desired level of flood protection requirement. • Identify required flood improvement projects. 5-Year Objectives • Plan and identify funding needs for proposed improvement projects. • Design and implement smaller flood improvement projects. Long-Term Objectives • Design and implement larger flood improvement projects. • Improve overall flood protection along lower Cedar River. Implementation Plan/Actions • Seek grants from the King County Flood Control District, FEMA, or Floodplains by Design to fund the design and construction projects identified for improvement. o Build on existing partnerships with environmental and community organizations to ensure that design meets the needs of all stakeholders. o Assess design to ensure that it meets estimated increased flows due to climate change. • Construction of flood risk reduction improvements. Performance Measures • Successfully identify projects to reduce the risk of flooding, improve resiliency to climate change and extreme weather events, protect private property, and preserve key economic assets. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 40 Maintenance Facility Standby Emergency Power Lead POC • Facilities Director Partner Points of Contact • N/A Hazards Mitigated Dam Failure, Earthquake, Flood, Landslide, Severe Weather, Volcano, Wildfire Funding Sources/ Estimated Costs Local budget, FEMA HMGP. $500,000; Strategy Vision/Objective Provide back-up emergency power generation at the City of Renton Maintenance Shop to allow for full operation of the facility, which is the city’s Public Works Department Operations Center for responding to any significant hazard that results in an emergency. The facility is used by the Street Maintenance, Surface Water Utility Maintenance, Wastewater Maintenance, Fleet Services and Water Utility Maintenance sections. All city departments rely on the facility for fueling and maintenance/repair of city vehicles. All public works equipment that may be needed during an emergency is stored at the facility and city maintenance personnel are dispatched from the facility when responding to hazards. The Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system controls for the Water Utility operation of the city’s water supply wells, reservoirs, pump stations and treatment facilities are located at the facility along with the SCADA system for Wastewater Utility and Surface Water Utility lift stations and pump stations. Standby emergency power can ensure full operation of facility during power outages to allow response to hazards. Mitigation Strategy The maintenance facility currently only has back-up power generation that allow for partial operation, which impacts the city’s ability to respond to hazards that result in power outages. The increased back-up power generation would provide full power to the facility for hazard emergency response without a limitation due to only partial power at the City of Renton Maintenance Shop. 2-Year Objectives • Secure funding for design • Hire consultant for design • Start design and permitting 5-Year Objectives • Secure funding for construction • Complete final design, construction plans, specifications and permitting • Complete construction Long-Term Objectives • Maintain city operations at the facility during power outages caused any hazard event for response to the event. Implementation Plan/Actions • Secure funding from possible funding sources, complete consultant selection process for design and execute design contract. • Complete design and permitting and secure funding for construction. • Advertise for bids and award construction contract and complete construction. • Implement maintenance of the back-up power generator and test periodically. Performance Measures • Back-up power generation is installed at the City of Renton Maintenance Shop facility to allow full operation at the facility during a hazard that results in a power outage. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 41 Public Health Emergency Mitigation Lead POC • Emergency Management Director • Communications and Engagement Director • Risk Manager Partner Points of Contact • Public Health – Seattle & King County • Washington State Department of Health Hazards Mitigated Public Health Emergency Funding Sources/ Estimated Costs Staff time. $0 Strategy Vision/Objective Working in partnership with public health, contribute to protecting the public health, and maintaining a safe and healthy community environment for our residents, businesses, and visitors. Mitigation Strategy Monitor urgent messages from public health at the county and state level. Amplify messages on social media and the city web site in accordance with the City of Renton Crisis Communications Plan and Responses. Amplify public health messages to city employees in accordance with risk management policies and practices. Modify the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) Duty Officer Manual to include public health emergency procedures in alignment with public health protocols and the crisis communications plan. By amplifying public health messaging, officials are speaking with one voice, increasing public confidence and compliance to mitigate the health issues that can be affected by human behavior. Employees are better protected in a public health emergency, which preserves continuity of government and the provision of essential services to the community. 2-Year Objectives • Revise the EOC Duty Officer Manual. • Review the crisis communications plan’s public health emergency section annually. 5-Year Objectives • Review the EOC Duty Officer Manual’s public health emergency section annually. • Review the crisis communications plan’s public health emergency section annually. • Review risk management policies for currency. Long-Term Objectives • Maintain accurate information and consistency in internal and public messaging related to public health emergencies. Implementation Plan/Actions • Revise the EOC Duty Officer Manual to include procedures related to public health emergencies. • Provide training to new emergency management staff. • Promulgate the crisis communication plan internally in the city and provide training on it to all personnel with social media responsibilities. • Establish an annual review cycle for both the EOC Duty Officer Manual and the City of Renton Crisis Communications Plan and Responses. Performance Measures • EOC Duty Officer Manual is updated. • Annual review of EOC Duty Manual is conducted. • Annual review of City of Renton Crisis Communications Plan and Responses is conducted. • Related risk management policies and procedures are reviewed every five years. • Public health messages are consistently amplified through city media and internal employee channels. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 42 Regional Planning Mitigation Strategy Lead POC • Emergency Management Director Partner Points of Contact • King County Hazard Mitigation Program Coordinator Hazards Mitigated All Funding Sources/ Estimated Costs Staff time. $ 0 Strategy Vision/Objective As a partner in the development of the King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan, the city actively engages in contributing to the county-wide initiatives that require stakeholder participation and support. This includes participating in the plan maintenance strategy identified in the plan. Mitigation Strategy • Identify opportunities to support county-wide initiatives identified in the overall King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan. • Actively participate in the plan maintenance strategy identified in the plan. 2-Year Objectives • Produce an annual review and progress report 5-Year Objectives • Produce a completely revised plan Long-Term Objectives • Maintain a current and relevant Renton Annex to the King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Implementation Plan/Actions • Continue to conduct an annual plan review, to include a review of county-wide initiatives. • Identify opportunities for Renton to contribute to county-wide initiatives and participate accordingly. • Conduct a comprehensive plan revision in 5 years. Performance Measures • Annual review is completed and progress report produced. • 5-year plan revision is completed and submitted to King County. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 43 Seiche Risk Awareness and Mitigation Strategy Lead Points of Contact • Community and Economic Development Department Planning Director and • Long Range Planning Manager Partner Points of Contact • Department of Ecology, Shoreline Planner • Department of Natural Resources, Aquatic Lands – King County Land Manager • Department of Fish and Wildlife, Habitat Biologist Hazards Mitigated Tsunami/Seiche Funding Sources/ Estimated Costs Shoreline Master Program Update grants. $1000 Strategy Vision/Objective Decrease the potential for damages to property from a seiche. Mitigation Strategy Create awareness for property owners with properties vulnerable to seiches., and provide them with resources and information on mitigation. Assess potential development regulations that could mitigate damage to property and natural resource habitat. 2-Year Objectives • Identify properties at risk of seiche. 5-Year Objectives • Outreach program to Lake Washington and Cedar River shoreline property during Shoreline Master Program update. • Review Best Available Science for potential development regulations that mitigate risk Long-Term Objectives • Awareness of potential threat and tools to protect if warranted. Implementation Plan/Actions • Leverage grant funding availability during Shoreline Master Program update to include seiche • risk awareness. • Create separate outreach program related to seiches for property owners along the city’s • shoreline designations • Comprehensive review of risk and any potential development regulations meeting Best Available Science to incorporate into master program. • Master program update is due in 2029, however grant funding and planning work would likely begin three (3) years prior. Performance Measures • Discussion of outreach methods and adoption (if necessary) of development regulations specific to seiches within the master program. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 44 Terrorism Mitigation Lead Points of Contact • Renton Police Commander – Administrative Services Partner Points of Contact • Washington State Fusion Center • King County Sheriff’s Office • Seattle Police Department Hazards Mitigated Terrorism Funding Sources/ Estimated Costs Staff time. $0 Strategy Vision/Objective To establish the City of Renton as a model of proactive terrorism prevention and response through seamless collaboration with the Washington State Fusion Center (WSFC), leveraging intelligence, technology, and community engagement to safeguard residents, critical infrastructure, and public spaces. The long-term objective of this vision is to strengthen the City of Renton’s capacity to detect, prevent, and respond to terrorism-related threats by fostering and maintaining a strong, collaborative relationship with the WSFC. Mitigation Strategy The WSFC serves as a vital resource for intelligence sharing and coordination between local, state, and federal agencies. By leveraging WSFC’s capabilities, the City of Renton can enhance situational awareness, improve response capabilities, and reduce vulnerability to terrorism. Maintain regular communication by designating a primary liaison to maintain regular contact with WSFC personnel. 2-Year Objectives • Establish communication protocols, designate liaison role, and initiate scheduled check-in meetings with WSFC. 5-Year Objectives • Integrate WSFC intelligence into hazard and risk assessments. • Develop protocols for disseminating intelligence to relevant departments and agencies. Long-Term Objectives • Expand public awareness campaigns and education within the community. Implementation Plan/Actions • Designate and assign Renton role to liaise with WSFC. • Initiate and schedule regular check-in meetings with WSFC. • Conduct terrorism focused public awareness campaigns and community workshops. • Use WSFC intelligence to update Renton’s Hazard Mitigation Plan and other risk assessments. Performance Measures • Number of joint meetings and intelligence exchanges conducted annually. • Number of terrorism-focused public awareness campaigns and community workshops. • Documented updates to hazard mitigation plan and risk assessments based on WSFC intelligence. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 45 Utility Pumping Facilities Back-Up Power Lead POC • Utility Systems Director Partner Points of Contact • Renton RFA Fire Marshall Hazards Mitigated Earthquake, Flood, Severe Weather Funding Sources/ Estimated Costs Local budget Capital Improvement Programs: $ 7M (water) $ 1M (wastewater) $ 1M (surface water) Strategy Vision/Objective Improve reliability at utility pumping facilities with on-site standby power systems. These projects could prevent downtime of critical facilities during hazard events in order to maintain public health and safety. Mitigation Strategy Critical pumping facilities for the city include 11 domestic water booster pump stations, 20 wastewater lift stations, and 2 stormwater pump stations. Not all of these facilities currently have back-up power. During power outages, pumping facilities that lack back-up power 1) risk disruption to water and wastewater services; 2) reduce flood-control capabilities at stormwater pump stations; and 3) cause additional strain/wear to on- line pumping facilities, which consequently decreases the equipment’s life expectancy. The city will evaluate potential emergency standby power options, including installing on-site generators and increasing fuel storage, to lessen the impact of future power outages at utility pumping facilities. 2-Year Objectives • Construction of back-up power improvement projects in pre-design phase • Identify additional back-up power improvement projects 5-Year Objectives • Plan and identify funding needs for proposed improvement projects • Design and implement priority back- up power improvement projects Long-Term Objectives • Design and implement remaining back-up power improvement projects • Improve overall reliability at critical pumping facilities Implementation Plan/Actions • Complete construction of back-up power improvements at four wastewater lift stations. • Complete final design and construction of back-up power improvements at two domestic water booster pump stations that are currently in the 30 percent pre-design phase. • Allocate capital funding to design and implement additional back-up power improvement projects. Performance Measures • Solutions maintain the continuity of operations, protect property, protect the environment, and protect key economic assets. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 46 Volcanic Ash & Wildfire Smoke Mitigation Strategy Lead POC • Emergency Management Coordinator Partner Points of Contact • King County Public Health • Puget Sound Clean Air Agency Hazards Mitigated Volcano, Wildfire Funding Sources/ Estimated Costs Staff time. $0 Strategy Vision/Objective The objective is to inform and prepare the community for the impacts of both volcanic ash deposits and wildfire-caused ash. Since the likelihood of volcanic eruption is low and the wildfire ash impacts are sporadic, the strategy will rely on public communication and outreach to ensure residents have an understanding of the hazards affecting them, actions they can take, and what the city can provide. Mitigation Strategy Conduct an annual public education campaign for ash and wildfire smoke hazard awareness. Use May 18th, the anniversary of Mt. St. Helen’s eruption, as an annual ash and wildfire smoke awareness campaign prompt. Campaign may include social media and public communications on the risk to Renton residents and appropriate actions if the hazard occurs. Connect building owners and business owners with air filtration resources as requested. Provide information for individuals on personal preparedness measures (staying indoors, use of appropriate masks), vehicle mitigation efforts (covering cars, avoid driving in limited visibility, dangers to vehicle filtration systems), and methods of securing homes from air quality and ash impacts. 2-Year Objectives • Community awareness of impacts of volcanic or wildfire caused ash hazards. 5-Year Objectives • Normalize ash hazards and impacts as part of wider air quality warnings, with public safety actions known by the community. Long-Term Objectives • Well-prepared community members with baseline awareness of possible ash and smoke hazards and protective actions they can take. Implementation Plan/Actions • Design survey alongside partners to understand current levels of awareness. • Design social media and public outreach campaign, including messaging and strategy. • Implement plan during late spring – summer months. Performance Measures • Increase in awareness and engagement with post-campaign surveys of community. • Increase in engagement with outreach efforts (for example, with online media campaign, in-person outreach) AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 47 Water System Risk Assessment Lead POC • Water Utility Engineering Manager • Water Maintenance Manager Partner Points of Contact • Renton RFA • Environmental Protection Agency • Local Emergency Planning Committee Chair Hazards Mitigated All Funding Sources/Estimated Costs Local budget Water Capital Improvement Program. $ 100,000 Strategy Vision/Objective Develop a risk and resilience assessment that identifies the most significant malevolent acts and natural hazards to the water utility’s critical assets, reduces vulnerabilities of these critical assets, prepares for the threats that could occur, and mitigates the potential consequences of incidents that do occur. Mitigation Strategy The City of Renton is a community water system that provides supply, treatment, storage, and distribution of dependable and safe water. The Water Utility is required under the 2018 America's Water Infrastructure Act (AWIA) to assess the risks to, and resilience of, its water system. The risk assessment 1) inventories at-risk water infrastructure that contribute to critical functionality of the water system; 2) evaluates the risk and known vulnerabilities to significant threats and hazards; and 3) implements prevention, protection, and mitigation activities for identified threats and hazards. The Water Utility may develop partnerships with local emergency response and planning groups to foster hazard mitigation activities. 2-Year Objectives • Develop risk assessment. • Develop policy changes to mitigate the risks to the critical drinking water infrastructure. 5-Year Objectives • Assess the effectiveness of efforts to secure and strengthen the resilience of critical drinking water infrastructure. • Update risk assessment. Long-Term Objectives • Increase drinking water infrastructure resilience to malevolent acts and natural hazards. • Update risk assessment every 5 years per AWIA regulations. Implementation Plan/Actions • Develop the water system risk assessment. • Use as a prioritized plan for security upgrades, modifications of operational procedures, and policy changes to mitigate risks. Performance Measures • Identifies potential improvements that serve multiple purposes to enhance operations and resilience of the drinking water system. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) City of Renton Plan Annex to the 2025 King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 48 Water Utility Seismic Resilience Lead POC • Water Utility Engineering Manager • Water Maintenance Manager Partner Points of Contact • Pacific Northwest Seismic Network/Unites States Geological Survey • Renton RFA • Department of Health Hazards Mitigated Earthquake Funding Sources/ Estimated Costs Local budget, Water capital budgets; Pre Disaster Mitigation Grant. $1.8M Strategy Vision/Objective Reduce potential damage/losses to critical water facilities from an earthquake by 1) installation of seismic shut-off valves on water storage facilities; and 2) development of post-earthquake isolation and control actions. These projects could improve the survivability of the municipal water supply system, reduce loss following an earthquake, and potentially save lives. Mitigation Strategy Critical water facilities for the city include nine production wells, one spring, eleven booster pump stations, and ten reservoirs. Because Washington State has one of the highest risks of expected casualties and economic loss from earthquakes in the nation, the city needs water system infrastructure improvements for seismic resiliency. The Water Utility will evaluate the feasibility of retrofitting six existing reservoirs with seismic valves to automatically shutoff water flow at the tank to prevent complete water loss. The Water Utility may also develop post-earthquake isolation and control protocols, which are needed to ensure adequate water storage and distribution during an emergency. 2-Year Objectives • Develop policies/protocols for post-earthquake drinking water isolation and control actions. 5-Year Objectives • Fund pre-design of seismic valve retrofit. • Allocate funding in the capital budget to fund implementation of seismic shut-off valve retrofit. Long-Term Objectives • Seismic valves on all water tanks. Implementation Plan/Actions • Fund planning, pre-design, and construction of seismic valve retrofit on water reservoirs. Performance Measures • Solution maintains the continuity of operations and water service. AGENDA ITEM # 10. a) 1 CITY OF RENTON, WASHINGTON RESOLUTION NO. _______ A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY OF RENTON, WASHINGTON, ADOPTING A WORK PLAN TO REVISE THE TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT OF THE CITY’S 2025 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN, AND SETTING A PUBLIC HEARING AS LAID OUT IN THE WORK PLAN. WHEREAS, the Council has adopted and filed a Comprehensive Plan pursuant to Chapter 36.70A of the Revised Code of Washington; and WHEREAS, the Council has implemented and amended and revised the Comprehensive Plan from time to time, together with the adoption of various codes, reports and records; and WHEREAS, on December 9, 2024, the City adopted the 2025 updates to its Comprehensive Plan (“2025 Comprehensive Plan”); and WHEREAS, on June 24, 2025, the Puget Sound Regional Council certified the 2025 Comprehensive Plan conditioned on the adoption of a work plan to complete the Transportation Element; and WHEREAS, the Transportation Element of the Comprehensive Plan requires a public hearing prior to adoption. NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF RENTON, WASHINGTON, DO RESOLVE AS FOLLOWS: SECTION I. The above findings and recitals are found to be true and correct in all respects. SECTION II. The Transportation Element Work Plan, attached as Exhibit A and incorporated by this referenced, is hereby adopted in whole. AGENDA ITEM # 10. b) RESOLUTION NO. _______ 2 SECTION III. That the 17th day of September 2025, at 6:00 pm is hereby fixed as the date and time for a public hearing before the Planning Commission to consider revisions to the Transporation Element of the 2025 Comprehensive Plan. PASSED BY THE CITY COUNCIL this day of , 2025. ______________________________ Jason A. Seth, City Clerk APPROVED BY THE MAYOR this day of , 2025. ______________________________ Armondo Pavone, Mayor Approved as to form: Shane Moloney, City Attorney RES-PW: 25RES022: 8.12.2025 AGENDA ITEM # 10. b) Attachment A – Transportation Element of the 2025 Comprehensive Plan: Work Plan Description for SEPA NOA Publication Due (Tue) 08/05/2025 SEPA Master Application & Environmental Checklist Due (Wed) 08/06/2025 Planning Commission Briefing 08/06/2025 Public Hearing Publication Due 9/2/2025 (publication) SEPA Comment Period Starts Publication Date (Thurs) 08/07/2025 Planning Commission Public Hearing 09/17/2025 SEPA comment Period ends 08/21/2025 Environmental Review Committee Meeting 09/15/2025 SEPA Determination of Non-Significance Waiting period starts 09/15/2025 Planning Commission Deliberations & Recommendations 10/01/2025 Planning & Development Committee Recommendations 10/13/2025 SEPA Waiting period ends 09/29/2025 Ordinance Review 10/15/2025 First Reading TBD Second Reading TBD Effective Date 01/01/2026 AGENDA ITEM # 10. b) 1 CITY OF RENTON, WASHINGTON ORDINANCE NO. ________ AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF RENTON, WASHINGTON, DECLARING AN EXISTING SANITARY SEWER EASEMENT CONTAINED AND DESCRIBED UNDER KING COUNTY RECORDING NO. 20171208000184 SURPLUS TO THE CITY’S NEEDS, AUTHORIZING THE MAYOR AND CITY CLERK TO EXECUTE AND RECORD WITH KING COUNTY A REALEASE OF SAID EASEMENT, PROVIDING FOR SEVERABILITY, AND ESTABLISHING AN EFFECTIVE DATE. WHEREAS, in December 2017, Ruth Bill, the property owner of King County Tax Parcel ID 1463400021 (“Parcel”), granted the City a sanitary sewer easement described in King County Recording No. 20171208000184 (“Easement”), attached hereto and incorporated by this reference as Exhibit A; and WHEREAS, Ruth Bill subsequently sold the Parcel subject to the Easement, and the current owner of the Parcel is Connor Homes at Maple Highlands, LLC (“Petitioner-Owner”); and WHEREAS, Petitioner-Owner is constructing the Maple Highlands (Chambers) plat project (“Project”) on the Parcel in such a way the existing Easement is ineffective; and WHEREAS, Petitioner-Owner has proposed an alternative sanitary sewer easement that will better serve the Project as shown on Exhibit B, attached hereto and incorporated by reference, which will be dedicated to the City at no cost upon recording of the Project plat for the operation and maintenance of the utilities within the Parcel; and WHEREAS, pursuant to requirements of Chapter 9-1 of the Renton Municipal Code (“RMC”), on June 9, 2025, Petitioner-Owner filed a petition for release of the easement (“Petition”) which was signed by owners of more than two-thirds (2/3) of the property affected by the Easement; and AGENDA ITEM # 10. b) ORDINANCE NO. ________ 2 WHEREAS, the Community and Economic Development Department (“CED”), in coordination with other City Departments and in compliance with the City’s Policy & Procedure #100-12 related to Surplus Real Property, has identified the Easement as surplus to the City’s needs; and, WHEREAS CED has reviewed all relevant documentation related to the Petition to determine ownership, and that no public funds were expended in its acquisition, improvement, or maintenance and therefore is considered a “Class B” easement for which no compensation is required aside from the processing fee required under the Fee Schedule; and, WHEREAS the City, after a news release and publication of a public notice for public hearing, did hold on September 8, 2025, a public hearing in accordance with RCW 35.94.040 to consider declaring the Easement surplus to the City’s needs, and those members of the public who wished to testify were duly allowed to testify and the testimony was considered by the City Council. NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF RENTON, WASHINGTON, DO ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS: SECTION I. The facts and background of the Recitals are found to be accurate and true for the purposes of this Ordinance. SECTION II. The City Council finds that the Easement is a Class B easement, and that therefore no compensation for its release, aside from the processing fee identified in the City Fee Schedule, is required. SECTION III. The Easement is hereby declared surplus to the needs of the City, and it is in the best interests of the public to release the Easement. AGENDA ITEM # 10. b) ORDINANCE NO. ________ 3 SECTION IV. The Mayor and City Clerk are authorized to execute and record with King County a release of easement in a form the same or similar to that in Exhibit C, herein incorporated by this reference, along with a copy of this Ordinance. SECTION V. If any section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase, or word of this ordinance should be held to be invalid or unconstitutional by a court of competent jurisdiction, such invalidity or unconstitutionality thereof shall not affect the constitutionality of any other section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase, or word of this ordinance. SECTION VI. This ordinance shall be in full force and effect five (5) days after publication of a summary of this ordinance in the City's official newspaper. The summary shall consist of this ordinance's title. PASSED BY THE CITY COUNCIL this day of , 2025. ______________________________ Jason A. Seth, City Clerk APPROVED BY THE MAYOR this day of , 2025. ______________________________ Armondo Pavone, Mayor Approved as to form: Shane Moloney, City Attorney Date of Publication: ORD-CED: 25ORD014: 8.4.25 AGENDA ITEM # 10. b) ORDINANCE NO. ________ 4 EXHIBIT A – EASEMENT, RECORDING NO. 20171208000184 AGENDA ITEM # 10. b) AGENDA ITEM # 10. b) AGENDA ITEM # 10. b) AGENDA ITEM # 10. b) AGENDA ITEM # 10. b) ORDINANCE NO. ________ 5 EXHIBIT B – MAPLE HIGHLANDS UTILITY PLAN SHEET AGENDA ITEM # 10. b) 0. 1 ' 5. 1 ' 14 ' 4' FND IRON PIPE SHED(TYP.) PROP LINE 15 2 N D A V E S E 15 4 T H A V E S E 1234 5 6 7 10 9 8 12 11 TRACT A STORM SE 138TH PL SE 5TH PL 15 3 R D A V E S E 10+00 11+00 12+00 13+00 14+00 15+00 16+00 17+00 28 + 0 0 29 + 0 0 30 + 0 0 31 + 0 0 32 + 0 0 33 + 0 0 51 + 0 0 52 + 0 0 53 + 0 0 53 + 0 5 68 + 0 0 69 + 0 0 70 + 0 0 71 + 0 0 72 + 0 0 73 + 0 0 74 + 0 0 38 5 38 6 38 6 38 6 3 8 7 38 7 385386387 385 38 4 3 8 5 386 38 7 387 375 380 385 374 376 377 378 379 381 382 383 384 386 381 382 383 38 538 4 38 6 38 7 38 8 384384 388 3 9 0 3 9 5 3 8 9 39 1 3 9 2 3 9 3 3 9 4 3 8 5 3 9 0 3903 9 0 395 38 4 38 6 387 3 8 8 388 3 8 8 3 8 9 3 9 1 392 393 394 TRACT B 380 385 378 379 381 382 383 384 CITY OF RENTON IN COMPLIANCE WITH CITY OF RENTON STANDARDS T A C O M A 2215 North 30th Street, Suite 300 Tacoma, WA 98403 253.383.2422TEL 253.383.2572FAX www.ahbl.comWEB S E A T T L E S P O K A N E T R I - C I T I E S MAPLE HIGHLANDS AHBL JOB #2221005.10 39 Know what's below. before you dig.Call R C2 3 0 0 4 6 3 6 LU A 2 2 - 0 0 0 1 2 2 PR 2 2 - 0 0 0 1 0 9 R-____ N GRAPHIC SCALE 0 40 80 1" = 40 FEET 20 C5.0COMPOSITE UTILITY PLAN C5.0 C5.0 29 UTILITY NOTE 1.WATER DESIGN UNDER SEPARATE PERMIT WITH KING COUNTY WATER DISTRICT 90. 2.ALL UTILITIES DESIGNED TO SERVE THE PLAT SHALL BE PLACED UNDERGROUND. SE 5TH PL Q: \ 2 0 2 2 \ 2 2 2 1 0 0 5 \ 1 0 _ C I V \ C A D \ _ S i t e D e v e l o p m e n t \ 2 2 2 1 0 0 5 - S H - U T I L . d w g TE D - 4 0 - 4 2 7 8 R-427829 WW P - 2 7 - 4 2 7 8 S-427802 EXISTING SEWER SYSTEM SHALL BE OPERATIONAL UNTIL PROPOSED SEWER SYSTEM IS INSTALLED, APPROVED FOR CONNECTION, AND CONNECTED PRIOR TO DEMOLITION AND REMOVAL. 09/10/2024 WASTEWATER UTILITY jstowell 11/26/2024 DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERING HHuynh 12/04/2024 AG E N D A I T E M # 1 0 . b ) ORDINANCE NO. ________ 6 EXHIBIT C – DRAFT RELEASE OF EASEMENT AGENDA ITEM # 10. b) Page 1 of 1 Return Address: City Clerk’s Office City of Renton 1055 South Grady Way Renton, WA 98057 Release of Easement Property Tax Parcel Number: Project File #: Street Intersection: Reference Number(s) of Documents assigned or released: Additional reference numbers are on page _____. Grantor(s): Grantee(s): 1.City of Renton, a Municipal Corporation 1. 2. The Grantor, as the owner of an easement acquired from _________ _______ dated on ____________________ , recorded under King County Recording Number ____________________of King County, State of Washington, over real property described below: A _____________________________ easement encumbering the following described property: The CITY OF RENTON does hereby abandon and release the above described easement and all rights acquired under it. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, said City has caused this instrument to be executed by the Mayor and attested to by the City Clerk this ____ day of ____________________, 20____. MAYOR CITY CLERK Notary Seal must be within box STATE OF WASHINGTON ) SS COUNTY OF KING ) _____________________ I certify that I know or have satisfactory evidence that ___________________________________________________________signed this instrument and acknowledged it to be his/her/their free and voluntary act for the uses and purposes mentioned in the instrument _________________________________________________________________ Notary Public in and for the State of Washington Notary (Print)____________________________________ My appointment expires:___________________________ Dated: _________________________________________ 20171208000184 AGENDA ITEM # 10. b) EXHIBIT “A” (SANITARY SEWER EASEMENT) THAT PORTION OF LAND LYING WITHIN THE NORTHEAST QUARTER OF THE SOUTHWEST QUARTER OF SECTION 14, TOWNSHIP 23 NORTH, RANGE 5 EAST, W.M. SITUATED IN THE CITY OF RENTON, COUNTY OF KING, STATE OF WASHINGTON; SAID PORTION BEING PARTICULARLY DESCRIBED AS FOLLOWS: NORTH 15 FEET OF THE NORTH HALF OF LOT 4, ALL IN BLOCK 1, CEDAR RIVER FIVE ACRE TRACTS, AS RECORDED IN VOLUME 16 OF PLATS, PAGE 52, RECORDS OF KING COUNTY, WASHINGTON. ALSO KNOWN AS LOT B OF KING COUNTY LOT LINE ADJUSTMENT NO. 8908008 APPROVED NOVEMBER 30, 1989. CONTAINING 8,914 SQUARE FEET OR 0.20 ACRES, MORE OR LESS. 01/11/2024 AGENDA ITEM # 10. b) 1 5 4 T H A V E S E 1 5 2 N D A V E S E N 2215 North 30th Street, Suite 200, Tacoma, WA 98403 253.383.2422 TEL 253.383.2572 FAX EXHIBIT "B" 01/11/2024 AGENDA ITEM # 10. b)