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HomeMy WebLinkAboutCommunity Needs Assessment for Human Services and Housing 2014Dawn Couch, Project Manager Lisa Grueter, AICP, Housing Policy Expert Gary Simonson, Lead Analyst Annie Saurwein, Analyst 2025 First Avenue, Suite 800 P (206) 324-8760 Karen Bergsvik, Human Services Manager, Community Services Lisa Fabatz, Resident Services Coordinator, Renton Housing Authority Authority Terry Higashiyama, Administrator, Community Services Miryam Laytner, Director of Development & Advancement, Neighborhood House Shannon Matson, Vice-Chair, Renton Human Services Kaelene Nobis, Resident Outreach Coordinator, Renton Housing Authority Mark Santos-Johnson, Community Development Project Manager, Community & Economic Development Linda Smith, Chair, Renton Human Services Advisory Kris Sorensen, Associate Planner, Community & Economic Development Chip Vincent, Administrator, Community & Economic Development The City of Renton, along with its partners, conducted human service and housing needs in the City of Renton. The assessment provides an overall picture of community need for housing and human services within the City and broad values to guide the delivery of housing and human services: equity and dignity. status, race, religion, faith, or spirituality, sexual Dignity refers to the experience of receiving housing and human services. To treat someone with dignity is to treat them as being of worth, in a way that is including Economic Opportunity; Basic Needs for Families; Health & Wellness; Available, Quality Housing; and Neighborhood Opportunity: Support for adults who face barriers to employment. Improved access to food. Day and night shelters for homeless families that Increased services to help prevent homelessness to help families stay in their homes. income residents. More mental health and substance abuse services. More rental units for very low income households low and moderate income households. for youth. The assessment was conducted between July and and analysis were used to create an understanding some cases used King County level data to provide across the community. The two primary methods used stakeholder outreach and engagement. that will require the City and its partners to address. Throughout the assessment process, community stakeholders spoke of the huge challenge that the City needs, addressing them will likely require: improve the delivery of services, increase resources in the community, and possibly help expand the capacity of agencies to meet the growing needs. services system and services in Renton. and sustainable manner in Renton and across the region, by using current partners and developing new partnerships. The Community Needs Assessment will be used in several Strategic Plan, which will be done in the fall of 2014 and 2015. That plan will develop the steps that will need to be taken, to get from the current state of human services to what is desired in the future. The stakeholders that were part of the needs assessment want to be engaged It will help the City of Renton Human Services Advisory The data in the Community Needs Assessment will be used to help create the goals and policies for the Comprehensive Plan, which will be completed in 2015. Many of the needs cross over with other Elements of the Comprehensive Plan, such as Economic Development, City has a clear and consistent vision for housing and human services that is in all the relevant elements, and accomplish the goals. The City of Renton, along with its partners, developed priority human service and housing needs in the City of Renton. The Needs Assessment represents Services Element of the Comprehensive Plan, and provides a basis for developing updated strategies to address human service and housing needs for the community of Renton. To create a useful focus for policy making and strategy building, the needs presented within are between what currently exists in the City of Renton stakeholders. By bringing focus to these pressing human service and housing needs, Renton and its partners outcomes for individuals and families. The assessment was conducted between July and November of 2013. The approach used mixed Renton, and in some cases examined County-level data within Renton outside of stakeholder reports of how INDICATORS & MEASURES For each of the needs presented in this document, one Publicly available data. To enable the needs assessment available and accessible data. The assessment team reviewed basic demographic and community data available from the U.S. Census Bureau as well as an array of regional data sources. The full list of data variables is presented in Appendix A. Future strategic planning and human service and housing stakeholders. Stakeholder outreach and engagement. The assessment process included a targeted program of stakeholder Support the development of a common understanding of community need. pressing human service needs. Renton. housing needs. meaningful to local stakeholders. provider and resident focus groups, a visioning session and housing providers, and a workshop of City direct service to the residents of Renton (such as the community are likely less well represented. For example, of middle-income working adults, homeowners, and employers. This needs assessment describes community human These categories include Economic Opportunity; Basic Assessment process, community members, service providers and other stakeholders provided a wealth individuals in Renton and the barriers to opportunity important values to foster as the community and its leaders work together to meet human services and housing needs. These two values are Equity and Dignity. Equity status, race, religion, faith, or spirituality, sexual Dignity refers to the experience of receiving housing and human services. To treat someone with dignity is to treat them as being of worth, in a way that is Most human services and housing programs aim to increase the social and economic well-being of individuals needs. In general, improving economic opportunity in a community for those who face barriers to employment, career advancement, and other forms of economic opportunity can improve, prevent, or reduce needs for social service and housing supports. In some cases, families with otherwise adequate purchasing power will have extraordinary needs that outstrip their resources. force and, since the peak of the recession in 2009, has had a lower unemployment despite the locally available employment are seeking employment. Many unemployed adults need support supports to those seeking employment Compiling work history or references. criminal history or credit problems. Employment support service needs vary by class of access to employment. Exhibit 1 shows the unemployment rate for the City of Renton and King County over the last 10 years. In The number of persons who are persistently gender, age, language ability, or neighborhood. barriers to employment residents of Renton face. These data are not published for the City of Renton, though current service providers can provide anecdotal ADDRESSING STRUCTURAL CAUSES TO ECONOMIC INEQUALITY of workers. Many households with working adults do not earn enough income to cover living expenses. This can be due too low to support basic needs. Many low-income working adults have extremely limited that are available in Renton such as professional- technical programs at Renton Technical College. These barriers. economic hardship who are unable to meet their most basic needs, including adequate shelter and having families, the needs are very urgent. household expenses are also needed. for improved access to quality food in Renton. Many families do not have enough to eat and must make There are a number of programs that provide food can be improved to serve a wider range of individuals and households as well as improve access to and the meals to children on school days, but the children have inadequate food on the days schools are closed. Some programs are not able to accommodate culturally or religiously appropriate foods. For homeless individuals and families, there are limited day resources to store, cook, and eat healthy foods. Many families need support to improve household of social services that many families encounter. Exhibit 2 shows the percent of households across income categories for Renton (including King County and A direct measure of need for improved access to quality they do not have enough to eat, or that they have had An indirect measure is the number of families living in King County. Families of all types are represented in homelessness are largely invisible from the public view. Service providers report that homelessness is poorly understood by the community and its leaders. The basic need is adequate shelter. The service responses to this need varies from emergency shelters for families and individuals to more comprehensive case management approaches designed to support The desired future is that all families have safe, healthy housing that they can maintain. In Renton, services for those who are unsheltered – in other words, individuals and families who have no place to go during the day or night – is a priority human showers, laundry, the ability to store food and personal belongings, a mailing address, a place to receive phone services to address the severe economic hardship many access to shelters is also a need, including a central Unsheltered and sheltered homeless counts. students. instability. School enrollment turnover rate. 211 calls for shelter or emergency housing assistance from Renton residents. to the scarcity of available, quality housing for many families, housing insecurity leading to homelessness report a great deal of factors that can contribute to loss household. 211 calls related to housing and supersedes many of the social and economic needs addressed in this assessment. The assessment takes human service needs. A dominant theme throughout geographic, and personal obstacles to adequate health care that many individuals and families face. of overall health and well-being. In Renton, many low- resources to pay for that care. Low-income families insurance, which is largely provided through employers Those who have income but do not qualify for Medicaid especially vulnerable include new immigrants to the United States, children, and seniors. do not own a vehicle and do not live near public transit routes. Renton is lacking points of health care families in need. needs for other children. Lack of knowledge about services in the community. cultural and language barriers. those for whom cost is the main obstacle. Indicators of access to health care include points of health care service and the hours of availability. An uninsured. Exhibit 3 health care. to cover the costs of medical care through pregnancy and for early childhood assessment and screening between Medicaid eligibility and when children enter the public school system. As a result, many children who need and language, or learning delays are receiving none of cost and intensive services are needed to remediate issues at later ages. report non-material obstacles such as a lack of culturally- competent providers, language barriers, and familiarity with available services. A direct measure of the children who are receiving early childhood screenings would be the number of 1 – 4 year olds receiving annual medical assessments. For many, exams is cost; therefore, the number of 1 – 4 year olds not covered by health insurance can act as a proxy. substance abuse services is a common challenge States. Service providers report there is a great unmet need for mental health services in Renton, though it is unclear how many persons need, but do not have, access to mental health services. is all the more challenging because mental illness is poorly understood within the community and amongst its leaders. There is much work to be done in increasing understanding about mental illness and service needs Mental health is highly correlated with substance abuse, and both are correlated with other social problems, including child neglect, homelessness, and underemployment. Those with mental health issues services network. Providers and educators report that mental illness is the cause of many other hardships that housing in Renton for those with mental health and substance abuse issues, as well as a greater overall may be in need of mental health services or substance abuse treatment, but are not currently receiving it. to health care will be necessary to have a direct measure of mental service needs. Other measures that can act as indirect proxies of the rate of mental health or substance Disturbance arrests Substance abuse arrests Suicide rates City of Renton. Many families are living in sub-standard housing that is outdated or not designed to meet in order to keep their home, knowing the loss of a The private housing market does not currently serve housing at current market rents. For planning purposes, housing needs as those earning less than 30 percent of County median income. Using 30 percent of gross month, an amount well below current market rents. without children, families with children, and families to get quality housing for households in this income throughout the City. Using countywide planning policies as a guide, low and moderate income households represent households into older housing is necessary to maintain quality drives up rents it can displace low to moderate-income households. Most new housing in Renton, including moderate income households. Other dimensions of housing need in this category Larger units to accommodate large families. forcing low and moderate income households to costs and vice versa. Persons per room as an indicator of overcrowding. various value categories. HOUSING NEED CATEGORIES Very-low Income Housing Need. Low Income Housing Need. in this income range. Moderate Income Housing Need. households in this income range. To assess the degree to housing in the region, the analysis compares the number of renter households in each housing need category to the number of units being that category. to lead socially and economically successful lives. In neighborhoods, and as a result are geographically unequally distributed. This results in uneven access and of all forms of opportunity. Mobility barriers, such as lack maintain employment. Renton has uneven access to public transit, with need to travel within Renton (instead of between impacts mobility for all residents, but is especially have access to a vehicle. The most vulnerable groups include low-income households who are unable to are unable to drive. Elderly residents and those with personal mobility impairments are unable to walk to and from a bus transit. households without a vehicle. Opportunity for mobility is a wide-ranging topic with understand the geographic determinants of Mobility Opportunity in King County, the Puget Sound Regional The cost of the average Transit cost. The cost of the average transit fare. Access to transit. The percentage of the total area Walkability. The percentage of workers who walk to work. high mobility opportunity. Exhibit 4 on the next page tracts into low opportunity and high opportunity areas. safety of sidewalks and bike routes. A direct indicator for the safety of bike and pedestrian routes would be miles of improved sidewalk and bike routes. Service providers note that there is a lack of free, high and academic success. Youth development programs can deter delinquent behavior such as gang involvement and opportunity costs to the household (such as youth employment and the childcare the youth provide to among some members of the community. Number of 13 – 19 year olds living in low-income households. programs. ensure that all children arrive to Kindergarten ready to licensed family child care programs in Renton (February Early Achievers program. The children who have the Some families lack knowledge of where quality childcare programs are. waitlists. Cost is a barrier for many low-income families. Some families have cultural or religious preferences not meet. Parents can work atypical hours that are not accommodated by standard childcare centers. able to accommodate disabled or special needs children. Service providers report a shortage of quality early licensed child care capacity in Renton only amounts to Exhibit 5, of slots to meet local demand. and neighbors provide quality early learning environments for young children and many day care providers are not registered. Some indirect measures of whether need is in Early Achievers can reveal the quality of childcare service supply. 2. Variables and Data Sources 3. Renton and Sunset Area Demographic Tables The Sunset Area (shown to the right) is an ethnically diverse, low-income neighborhood in the City of Renton. It includes the City’s largest public housing community, priority. Since the late 1990s, the City has focused on this area for targeted improvement and investment and for coordinated redevelopment driven by a community vision. The City of Renton’s Community Needs Assessment for human services and housing needs. This document Sunset Area. The Sunset Area is a small neighborhood located east of development in the 1940s, with the building of more a diverse, low-income community with lower housing than much of Renton. Renton is currently developing the Sunset Area to catalyze private property development, create improvements. The City believes the Sunset Area has Publically Available Data. To enable the needs assessment team reviewed basic demographic and community data available from the U.S. Census Bureau as well as an array of regional data sources. Much of two Census Tracts most associated with the Sunset Area boundaries. The associated census tracts comprise a much larger area than the Sunset Area and themselves are not homogenous. For these reasons, Sunset Area of Renton Community Needs Assessment for Human Services and Housing for the full list of data variables. The Renton Housing Authority (RHA) and its partners plan to conduct a community survey neighborhood residents in the coming year as part of the City and RHA’s Stakeholder outreach and engagement. The assessment process included targeted program interviews, provider and resident focus groups, a visioning session with to the residents of Renton (such as the Community In Schools Family Liaisons) as well as clients of Renton’s the Sunset Area. This needs assessment will help the City and the Renton Housing Authority mobilize resources to respond to the Sunset Area’s community needs, including applying for a in the citywide Community Needs Assessment, with discussion of the context and relevance of each need of each need, please see the complete Community Needs Assessment and associated appendices. 25 years old through 60 years old). However, the average household income of Sunset Area households the Sunset Area’s households and individuals. Exhibits 1, 2 and 3 Renton’s median household income is 19% below the has a lower median household income, 43% lower than Support for adults who face barriers to employment unemployment rates in the Sunset Area than both Renton these individuals face. living wage jobs and career advancement are necessary to ensure families have enough resources to meet basic needs. As the neighborhood pursues redevelopment neighborhood. The Community Needs Assessment for Human Services income, reveal the degree to which households have resources to meet their basic needs. The Sunset Area shown in Exhibit 3 on the following page), with 22% of all Sunset Area households having annual incomes of less basic needs on an annual household income of less than for improved access to quality food in the Sunset Area, the Sunset Area means many Sunset Area families in accessing food. demonstrate the degree to which homelessness is anecdotal reports from educators and service providers suggest a problem of many families “bouncing around” and “cramming in” to the smaller housing units in the area. Exhibit 4 shows the number and percentage of Sunset Area Tracts. Future community assessments and residence and the services they need. Throughout the Community Needs Assessment, term consequences and costs endured by however, the higher rates of overcrowding, lower incomes, and renters compared to Renton are of losing housing. This need calls for support to households to prevent loss of housing. services-oriented approach to health and needs. A dominant theme throughout the obstacles that many individuals and families face to adequate health care. There are many Sunset due to an inability to pay for health services or mobility challenges. The free and low-cost clinics that are available constraints. the Sunset Area, along with the higher unemployment health insurance who face obstacles to accessing health schools and other service providers report that there hardship. Service providers noted a gap in the availability of these services to low-income families with young children in high percentage of low-income residents, immigrants, neglect. median household income. However, even with the low incomes of many Sunset Area households means as presence of subsidized units provided through the Renton Housing Authority and other service providers, Area Median Income (AMI), the Sunset Area needs including accessible units, larger units, and updated Sunset Area. Service providers note that the Sunset Exhibit 5 shows a 100 unit family public housing complex in the center of meet current building codes and a redesign to improve community livability. to lead socially and economically successful lives. In neighborhoods, and as a result are geographically unequally distributed. priority human service and housing needs that, together opportunity for Sunset Area community members redevelopment. other parts of the City. Service providers report many bus vouchers towards a card-based system of payment has limited the ability for service providers to support the Sunset Area has poor pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure. The City has made some investments in areas and service nodes. Since the area has an especially high percentage of low- community youth. to the Sunset Area, the need far outstrips the available slots. The high percentage of low-income and immigrant families in the neighborhood suggests a need for low- that can accommodate a wide variety of family needs. Karen Bergsvik, Human Services Manager, Community Services Lisa Fabatz, Resident Services Coordinator, Renton Housing Authority Authority Terry Higashiyama, Administrator, Community Services Miryam Laytner, Director of Development & Advancement, Neighborhood House Shannon Matson, Vice-Chair, Renton Human Services Kaelene Nobis, Resident Outreach Coordinator, Renton Housing Authority Mark Santos-Johnson, Community Development Project Manager, Community & Economic Development Linda Smith, Chair, Renton Human Services Advisory Kris Sorensen, Associate Planner, Community & Economic Development Chip Vincent, Administrator, Community & Economic Development Dawn Couch, Project Manager Lisa Grueter, AICP, Housing Policy Expert Gary Simonson, Lead Analyst Annie Saurwein, Analyst 2025 First Avenue, Suite 800 P (206) 324-8760 June 2014 1 City of Renton Community Needs Assessment for Human Services and Housing ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT The City of Renton is conducting a Community Needs Assessment for housing and human services to inform its Comprehensive Plan that must be updated by 2015. As an interim step of the Community Needs Assessment, the project team conducted a review and analysis of available quantitative data on the current social, economic, neighborhood, health, and housing conditions in Renton. The Baseline Community Conditions document describes a range of current conditions within the City of Renton and the Sunset Area, a small neighborhood located East of I-405 in the northern part of Renton. This document relies primarily on quantitative, secondary information and serves as a discussion resource to help build a common understanding of conditions within the City, as well as to identify gaps in services and potential indicators to track progress toward the desired future. The Community Needs Assessment is based on the quantitative data presented here, additional information on current social and housing services, and a qualitative assessment based on community feedback and input. This input received through interviews, focus groups, stakeholder reviews, and other facilitated conversations about community needs and desires will provide context and other information to support policy discussions. There are several key topics that are not included in this document, including crime, mental health, drug addiction, youth-related services, and others. However, most of these topics are addressed to some extent through the qualitative community outreach effort. The conditions report draws on publically available data from the following sources: U.S. Census Bureau Decennial Census American Community Survey (5-year estimates) Esri projections based on Decennial Census data Federal Agencies U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development U.S. Office of Refugees Washington State Agencies Washington State Office of Financial Management The Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction County and Regional Agencies Puget Sound Regional Council Public Health of Seattle/King County Seattle/King County Coalition on Homelessness Other Dupre and Scott Zillow.com CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS About this document................................................................................................................................ 1 Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................................... 2 POPULATION & COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS ....................................................................................... 4 Renton Population & Community Characteristics ............................................................................................ 4 Exhibit 1 City of Renton Population, 2010-2013 ......................................................................................................................................... 4 Exhibit 2 Sunset Area Population, 2010-2012............................................................................................................................................. 4 Exhibit 3 Age Distribution, 2010 ................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Exhibit 4 Renton and King County Broad Age Category Distributions, 2010 ............................................................................................... 5 Exhibit 5 Household Size in King County, Renton, and the Sunset Area ..................................................................................................... 6 Exhibit 6 Racial Composition, 2012............................................................................................................................................................. 7 Exhibit 7 Languages Spoken at Home in Renton, 2005-2009 5-year Average ............................................................................................. 7 Exhibit 8 Top Ten Countries of Origin for Refugee Arrivals to Washington State, Fiscal Year 2012 ............................................................ 8 ............................................................................................ 9 HOUSEHOLD ECONOMICS ....................................................................................................................... 10 Household Income.................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Exhibit 10 Median Household Income, 2012 Estimate* ........................................................................................................................... 10 Exhibit 11 Household Income Segmentation, 2011 & 2012...................................................................................................................... 11 Exhibit 12 Percent of Families with Food Stamp/ Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Benefits, 2011 ....................................... 12 Income by Household Size ........................................................................................................................................................................ 12 Exhibit 13 Median Household Income by Size, 2011 ................................................................................................................................ 13 Homeless Population ...................................................................................................................................... 13 Exhibit 14 Unsheltered Homeless Counts, 2010 2013 ........................................................................................................................... 14 Exhibit 15 Homeless Students in Renton and Washington State, 2011 2012 School Year ..................................................................... 14 Employment & Labor Force Participation ....................................................................................................... 15 Exhibit 16 Labor Force Participation and Unemployment Rate for Civilians 16+ Years Old, 2007 2011 5-Year Average ....................... 15 Housing Cost Burden ....................................................................................................................................... 15 Exhibit 17 Percent of Renton Households Spending More than 30% of Income on Housing, 2007-2011 5-year Average* ...................... 16 NEIGHBORHOOD OPPORTUNITY ............................................................................................................. 17 Economic Health ............................................................................................................................................. 17 Exhibit 18 Map of Economic Health Index by Tract in Renton, 2012 ........................................................................................................ 18 Transportation/Mobility ................................................................................................................................. 19 Exhibit 19 Map of Mobility/Transportation Index by Tract in Renton, 2012 ............................................................................................ 20 Means of Transportation and Travel Time to Work........................................................................................ 21 Exhibit 20 Means of Transportation to Work, 2011-2013 3-year Average ............................................................................................... 21 Exhibit 21 Travel Time to Work, 2011 2013 3-year Average .................................................................................................................. 21 Education Opportunity.................................................................................................................................... 22 CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 3 Exhibit 22 Percent of Renton School District Students Meeting Grade Level Reading and Math Standards, School Year 2012-13 .......... 22 Exhibit 23 Percent of Sunset Area School Students Meeting Grade Level Reading Standard, School Year 2012-13 ................................ 23 -11 ................................................................................................ 24 -12 ................................................ 24 HEALTH & CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................................... 25 Exhibit 26 Five-Year Total Deaths per 100,000 of Top Five Causes of Death, 2007-2011 ......................................................................... 25 Exhibit 27 Five-Year Percent of Adults 18+ with Negative Health Risk Factors and Chronic Disease, 2006-2010 ..................................... 26 Exhibit 28 Five-Year Percent of Adults with Inadequate Access to Care Indicators, 2006-2010 ............................................................... 27 HOUSING INVENTORY & AFFORDABILITY ................................................................................................ 28 Exhibit 29 Overview Map of Renton, the Sunset Area, and the Potential Annexation Areas ................................................................... 29 Housing Units .................................................................................................................................................. 29 Exhibit 30 Estimate of Housing Units, 2013 .............................................................................................................................................. 30 Exhibit 31 Number of Housing Units, 2013 ............................................................................................................................................... 31 Exhibit 32 Existing Renton Housing Units by Year Built, 2013 .................................................................................................................. 32 Housing Attainability ....................................................................................................................................... 33 Affordability .................................................................................................................................................... 33 Exhibit 33 Housing Need Income Thresholds Based on Area Median Income .......................................................................................... 33 Estimating Households by Percent of Median Income ............................................................................................................................. 33 Exhibit 34 Household Estimates by Percentage Median Income, 2011 dollars ........................................................................................ 34 Affordability of Renter Occupied Housing .................................................................................................. 34 Exhibit 35 Renter Households by Housing Need Category, 2011 .............................................................................................................. 35 Exhibit 36 Renton Rental Unit Gap Analysis ............................................................................................................................................. 36 Exhibit 37 Renton Housing Authority Subsidized Rental Units, 2013........................................................................................................ 37 Exhibit 38 King County Renting Households by Household Size and Income, 2010 .................................................................................. 38 Apartment Rents and Vacancy Rates .............................................................................................................. 38 Exhibit 39 Average Apartment Rents and Vacancy Rates in Renton, 2005-2012 ...................................................................................... 39 Exhibit 40 Comparison of Fair Market Rents and Current Market Prices ................................................................................................. 40 Exhibit 41 Renton Gross Rent by Bedroom ............................................................................................................................................... 40 Overcrowding .............................................................................................................................................. 41 Exhibit 42 Percentage of Rental Units that are Overcrowded, 2007-2011 5-year Average ...................................................................... 41 Owner Occupied Housing ............................................................................................................................... 41 Exhibit 43 Owner Tenure Household by Housing Need Category, 2012 ................................................................................................... 41 Exhibit 44 King County Owning Households by Household Size and Income, 2010 .................................................................................. 42 Exhibit 45 Renton Median Sales Prices, Jan 2005 2013 ......................................................................................................................... 43 Exhibit 46 Annual Income Needed to Purchase a Home at Current Median Selling Price, 2013 .............................................................. 44 CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 4 POPULATION & COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS who the City serves and what the scale of need may be. This section looks at several important community characteristics including population, age distribution, household size, racial and ethnic composition, and languages spoken at home. Renton Population & Community Characteristics Exhibit 1 City of Renton Population, 2010-2013 Source: OFM Forecasting Division, 2013. As of 2013, about 95,540 residents live in the City of Renton. is Exhibit 2 Sunset Area Population, 2010-2012 Source: Esri, 2012. In 2012, there were an estimated 2,780 residents in the Sunset Area. Based on past trends, the population of the Sunset Area could increase to 3,002 by 2017, an increase of about 220 people. This is a compound annual growth rate of about 1.5% over the next five years. Additional investment in the Sunset Area could increase this rate of growth. Compound Annual Growth Rate 1.2% Compound Annual Growth Rate 1.5% CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 5 Exhibit 3 presents the population age structure for Renton and the Sunset Area based on the 2010 Census, the last universal assessment of population structure. old (not shown in chart) was 674 (or 26.2% of the total population) and the senior population (ages 65 years and over) was 280 (or 10.9% of the total population). In the Sunset Area, 67% of adults over 54 years old are female, compared to the 33% that are male. Exhibit 3 Age Distribution, 2010 Source: U.S. Census, 2010; Sunset Area figures estimated by Census Blocks, BERK 2013. In 2010, population under 18 years old (not shown in chart) was 21,117 (or 23.2% of the total population) and the senior population (ages 65 years and over) was 9,164 (or 10.1% of the population). years old (not shown in chart) was 674 (or 26.2% of the total population) and the senior population (ages 65 years and over) was 280 (or 10.9% of the total population). Exhibit 4 compares Renton to the County average using broader age categories. In the Sunset Area, 67% of adults over 54 years old are female, compared to the 33% that are male. Exhibit 4 Renton and King County Broad Age Category Distributions, 2010 Source: U.S. Census, 2010. R is slightly younger than the County average, with a higher percentage of residents under 20 years old and a lower percentage of residents between 20 64 years old and over 65 years old. However, the difference is not substantial. 3,601 2,946 2,704 2,535 2,938 4,083 3,926 3,799 3,624 3,355 3,105 2,517 2,002 1,324 946 665 481 287 154 3,496 2,842 2,536 2,390 3,085 4,040 3,983 3,725 3,327 3,158 3,102 2,679 2,265 1,577 1,130 887 761 573 379 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 Under 5 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 to 84 years 85 to 89 years 90 years and over Population Renton Age Distribution, 2010 Males 44,992 Females 45,935 105 82 77 91 101 112 106 102 83 85 75 72 64 49 44 32 35 25 107 92 93 76 81 106 119 98 97 86 75 52 42 25 31 13 16 10 150 100 50 0 50 100 150 Under 5 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 to 84 years 85 years and over Population Sunset Area Age Distribution, 2010 Males 1,219 Females 1,340 CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 6 Exhibit 5 Household Size in King County, Renton, and the Sunset Area Source: U.S. Census, 2010; Esri, 2012. Figures may exceed total due to rounding. The Sunset Area has a notably higher percentage of 1-person households than Renton overall, but a lower percentage of 2-4 person households. The Sunset Area also has a slightly higher percentage of 7+ person households than Renton in general. Renton has a slightly greater proportion of households with 3 to 7 people. About 40% of Renton residents live in households with more than 2 people, compared to 36% for the County overall. Renton has a slightly higher percentage of households with 3-4 persons per household (29%) than the County overall (28%), as well as a higher percentage of households with 5-7 people (10%) than the County overall (8%). CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 7 Exhibit 6 Racial Composition, 2012 Source: U.S. Census, 2010; Esri, 2012. *King County figure based on 2010 U.S. Census, Renton and Sunset Area based on 2012 estimates from the American Community Survey Renton is somewhat more diverse than the County overall, with 37% of its population being races other than white compared to 31% for the County. pulation is 10%, compared to 9% for the County overall (not shown). (not shown). The Sunset Area is substantially more diverse than Renton overall, with a much higher Hispanic has a slightly higher Asian population than the Sunset Area. Exhibit 7 Languages Spoken at Home in Renton, 2005-2009 5-year Average Source: U.S. Census, 2010; Esri, 2012. Approximately 32% of Renton residents do not speak English at home, with Asian & Pacific Languages and Spanish being the most commonly spoken languages besides English. Persons Age 5+ years % of Total Without English Proficiency % of Group Without English Proficiency English 52,331 68%-- Asian and Pacific Languages 10,758 14% 2,385 22% Spanish 6,671 9% 235 4% Other Indo-European Languages 4,703 6% 959 20% Other Languages 2,130 3% 245 12% Total 76,593 100% 3,824 5% Language Spoken at Home 68%14% 9% 6%3% CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 8 Although 32% of Renton residents do not speak English at home, only 7.4% of the total population does not have proficiency in English (not shown). Residents were considered not proficient in English if they own proficiency in English in the American Community Survey. In 2012, the Renton School District had 6,985 students (49% of all students) who were considered Transitional Bilingual, or who qualified for English Language Development services. Renton School District tracks the home language of all students. For the current school year (2013 2014), the top 10 languages other than English spoken in descending order were: 1. Spanish 2. Vietnamese 3. Somali 4. Chinese Cantonese 5. Russian 6. Tagalog 7. Ukrainian 8. Cambodian 9. Punjabi 10. Rumanian There are more than 80 languages represented in the Renton School District on any given day, but most students who do not speak English at home speak one of the top five languages. It is difficult to predict what languages future immigrants to Renton will speak. One indicator is the country of origin for refugee arrivals to Washington State, presented in Exhibit 8. On average, refugees have less English proficiency and greater social service needs than other types of immigrants. While not all refugee populations will move into Renton, they provide insight into what families may be linguistically isolated in the future. Exhibit 8 Top Ten Countries of Origin for Refugee Arrivals to Washington State, Fiscal Year 2012 Source: U.S. Office of Refugee Resettlement, 2013. Almost 90% of refugees that came to Washington State in 2012 came from one of these top ten countries of origin. The rate of individuals living with a disability is an indicator of human service needs. Exhibit 9 presents the rate of self-reported disabilities among the adult population. Country of Origin Number of Arrivals Burma/Myanmar 481 Bhutan 424 Iraq 297 Somalia 215 Ukraine 116 Iran 107 Moldova 105 Eritrea 73 Russia 64 Democrative Republic of Congo 55 Other countries 228 Total Refugee Arrivals in Washington 2,165 CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 9 Exhibit 9 Source: American Community Survey, 2008 2012 5-year estimates. For the population 18 to 64 years, the proportion of the population with a specific type of disability is relatively similar across all disability types. For older adults, ambulatory difficulties are much more prevalent, as well as all other disability types except for vision difficulties. CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 10 HOUSEHOLD ECONOMICS conditions provides insight into the resources available to individuals and families to meet their basic needs. More importantly, it helps us estimate what portion of the population does not have the resources necessary to meet basic needs, as well as where assistance may be most beneficial. Household Income Exhibit 10 compares median household income for King County, Renton, and the Sunset Area and Exhibit 11 shows the segmentation of household income for each of the three areas. The data reflect income for all households regardless of size. Exhibit 12 shows the percentage of families receiving Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) (i.e. food stamp) benefits. Exhibit 10 Median Household Income, 2012 Estimate* Source: King County estimate based on most recent ACS 1 year estimate; Renton and Sunset estimate based on ESRI estimates for 2012. Renton is lower than the County the Sunset Area median household income of $39,318 is lower than both . CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 11 Exhibit 11 Household Income Segmentation, 2011 & 2012 Source: King County estimates from American Community Survey, 2007-2011 5-year average; Renton and Sunset Area estimates from ESRI 2012. Figures may exceed total due to rounding. Renton has a smaller proportion of households in the higher income categories than the County overall, with 44% of households earning less than $50,000 per year (compared to 35% for the County) and 24% earning more than $100,000 (compared to 34% for the County overall). The Sunset Area has a greater proportion of households with incomes below $25,000 than Renton and the County overall. Fourteen percent (14%) of Sunset Area households earn more than $100,000. CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 12 Exhibit 12 Percent of Families with Food Stamp/ Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Benefits, 2011 Source: American Community Survey, 2007-2011 5-year estimates; BERK, 2013. * The Sunset Tracts include all of Tracts 252 and 254, which the Sunset Area is within. However, the Sunset Tracts represent a much larger area than the Sunset Area itself. While Renton has a moderately higher percentage of residents receiving Food Stamp/SNAP benefits (11%) compared to the County overall (8%), the weighted average of the Sunset Tracts (13%) are higher than both King County and Renton. More than half (54.6%) of Renton School District Students are eligible for Free or Reduced Meals. This is almost 10 percentage points higher than the Washington State average (46.1%). Income by Household Size Household incomes can reveal the amount of resources available to cover household needs, but offers little insight into household needs. Exhibit 13 presents the median household income by household size for both King County and Renton. This data is slightly older than the 2012 estimates provided above, and is not available for the Sunset Area. CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 13 Exhibit 13 Median Household Income by Size, 2011 Source: American Community Survey, 2007-2011 5-year average. The median household income for single person households is similar for King County and Renton. Half the single person households have an annual income of less than $39,500. median. Households with 4 to 5 persons tend to have the highest household income, with households with more than 5 persons having lower median household incomes. This suggests that large households (more than 5 persons) have less income per person and may be more likely to experience strain on household finances. Homeless Population Estimating the total homeless population is difficult. In King County, a 2012 one-night analysis of homelessness in King County found that 2,682 people were staying in shelters, 3,554 were in transitional housing, and 2,594 were outside between the hours of 2 and 5 am on a January night. The total one night homeless population was 8,830. Unsheltered homeless counts illuminate the local gap in services for the homeless. Exhibit 14 shows counts. The one-night unsheltered homeless counts in Renton show unsheltered homelessness in the City ranging from 71-84 persons over the last four years. These figures are known to undercount the unsheltered homeless, since not all areas are searched and many homeless persons do not want to be seen. There are likely individuals and families that are improvising with camping, sleeping in their cars, rotating through CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 14 Exhibit 14 Unsheltered Homeless Counts, 2010 2013 Source: Seattle/King County Coalition on Homelessness, 2013. The homelessness data in the chart above was collected during one-night-counts in January of each year. For all the areas listed, the one- night homeless counts have remained relatively stable. However, the unsheltered homeless are only a small portion of the homeless population and significantly underrepresent the entire homeless population. According to the Seattle/King County Coalition on Homelessness, the one- In addition to the one-night-count numbers, Washington State school districts collect information on homeless students, defined by lacking a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence. The McKinney- Vento Homeless Act of 1987 requires school districts to provide transportation to and from school for homeless students so that their access to school is not disrupted by becoming homeless. Exhibit 15 presents the number of McKinney-Vento qualified students in Renton School District and Washington State for the 2011 2012 school year. Exhibit 15 Homeless Students in Renton and Washington State, 2011 2012 School Year Source: Office Superintendent of Public Instruction, 2013. In the 2011 12 school year, the Renton School District identified 341 students who met the legislative definition of homeless. This includes students who lack a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence such as children who are staying with others due to loss of housing, economic hardship, or are living in temporary quarters such as a hotel, shelter, camp ground or vehicle. Unsheltered Homeless Count 2010 2011 2012 2013 2010 2011 2012 2013 Men 9 13 15 22 919 860 882 897 Women 3 3 2 2 159 191 174 205 Gender Unknown 70 54 56 59 1,664 1,357 1,531 1,615 Minor (under 18) 2 1 - - 17 34 7 19 Total 84 71 73 83 2,759 2,442 2,594 2,736 Benches 1 0 0 2 42 21 23 16 Parking Garages 8 0 0 3 19 23 5 28 Cars/Trucks 27 39 55 37 891 767 791 878 Structures 10 8 3 11 316 249 348 353 Under Roadways 10 10 4 8 191 196 163 225 Doorways 5 4 3 2 136 131 154 163 City Parks 7 0 2 0 114 25 30 23 Brushes/undergrowth 3 1 2 2 129 89 77 88 Bus Stops 4 0 0 3 28 42 24 40 Alleys 0 0 0 16 21 14 48 Walking around 5 4 3 8 331 261 300 305 Other 4 5 1 7 546 617 665 569 Total 84 71 73 83 2,759 2,442 2,594 2,736 RENTON TOTAL Selected Areas CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 15 The students identified as homeless often represent entire homeless families, including parents and children who are not school age. Therefore, the count is only a small proportion of total homeless persons. that is living with a friend, relative, or other person due to economic hardship or loss of housing. Employment & Labor Force Participation Employment and labor force participation are important economic indicators of self-sufficiency and household resources. Exhibit 16 shows the percentage of civilians over 16 years old who are in the labor force, as well as the percentage of the labor force that are unemployed for Renton and King County. Exhibit 16 Labor Force Participation and Unemployment Rate for Civilians 16+ Years Old, 2007 2011 5-Year Average Source: American Community Survey, 2007 2011 5-year average. While Renton has a higher percentage of residents over 16 years old in the civilian labor force than the County average, it also has a notably higher unemployment rate (8.4%) compared to the County (6.9%). Housing Cost Burden The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) defines housing cost-burdened households as households that spend 30% or more of their income on housing costs. Given how much cost-burdened households spend on housing, these households may have difficulty affording necessities such as food, clothing, transportation, and medical care. Exhibit 17 shows the percentage of cost-burdened households in Renton by occupancy tenure for all income categories, as well as for households earning under $35,000 per year. Since the median household income for King County was nearly $69,000 in 2011 (based on ACS estimates), the second group serves as an approximation for households that earn 50% or less of the Area Median Income (AMI). CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 16 Exhibit 17 Percent of Renton Households Spending More than 30% of Income on Housing, 2007-2011 5-year Average* Source: American Community Survey, 2007-2011 5-year average. * Counts for cost-burdened households include 209 households earning zero or negative income. It is uncertain what percentage of these households are actually cost-burdened and what percentage are using savings or have no housing costs. A vast majority of households (82%) earning under $35,000 are spending more than 30% of their income on housing, including nearly 87% of renter households and 74% of owner-occupied households. A smaller, but still substantial, percentage (43%) of all households are spending more than 30% of their income on housing, including nearly 45% of renters and 41% of owners. The percentage of cost-burdened households in Renton is similar to King County overall, where 83% of households earning under $35,000 are spending more than 30% of their income on housing and 40% of all households are spending 30% of their income on housing. CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 17 NEIGHBORHOOD OPPORTUNITY This section presents data and measures on the economic, transportation, and educational opportunities associated with Renton and the Sunset Area. Assessing opportunities in communities is an important dimension of understanding overall needs. Areas with more economic, educational, mobility, and health opportunities provide better support for individual and family success. This first part of this section assesses economic and transportation/mobility opportunities using the Puget PSRC) opportunity indicator categories. PSRC, in partnership with the Kirwan Institute, developed a series of indicators that represent several major categories of opportunity, including economic health and transportation/mobility (discussed below). Every U.S. Census Tract in King County has been assigned a rating. Ratings go from 1 (lowest opportunity rating) to 5 (highest opportunity rating) for each of the major categories in the County. This approach allows helps identify disparities or gaps in opportunity across the County. The remainder of the section provides a review of education as a key component of neighborhood opportunity. Economic Health through an index based on: Access to living wage jobs. The percentage of regional jobs within 15 minutes of travel time by automobile and 30 minutes travel time by public transit and that pay a living wage. Job growth trends. The difference in number of jobs between 2000 and 2010. Unemployment rate. The percentage of the civilian labor force that is unemployed. Exhibit 18 shows the Economic Health rating distribution for Renton (23 tracts either fully or partially within City boundaries), and the two tracts most associated with the Sunset Area (tracts 252 and 254). As the distribution of indicators across the County serves as the benchmark for the rating system, there is an even distribution of 20% for each of the ratings at the County level. CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 18 Exhibit 18 Map of Economic Health Index by Census Tract in Renton, 2012 Source: PSRC, 2012; BERK, 2013. *Renton tabulation geography includes 23 tracts either fully or partially within Renton city limits. for each rating), indicating that there is a city limits. However, Renton does have a slightly lower percentage of Census tracts that received a rating Both Census tracts (252 and 254) associated with the Sunset Area exactly the medium opportunity range for Economic Health (these tracts represent a much larger area than the Sunset Area itself). As indicated by the map, tracts in (or partially in) the western and northern portions of the City appear to have relatively high economic health ratings, while tracts in (or partially in) the eastern and southeastern portions of the City rate relatively low. Areas with less employment opportunity and economic vitality include areas along the Cedar River and the heavily residential area along 116th Avenue SE. PSRC Rating Sunset Tracts: 252 & 254 Renton* 1 - Low Opp.0% 17% 2 0% 22% 3 100% 22% 4 0% 26% 5 - High Opp.0% 13% Total # of Tracts 2 23 CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 19 Transportation/Mobility Mobility and affordable transportation options are critical for households to sustain employment and access groceries, health care, and other basic services. Better transportation and mobility options for suburban areas can ease the housing affordability gap for some populations. PSRC measures neighborhood Transportation/Mobility opportunity based on four indicators: Transportation cost. The cost of the average commute to work, based on the distance traveled by a cost $0.50 per mile. Access to transit. The percentage of total area within ¼ mile of an express bus stop. Transit cost. The cost of an average transit fare. Walkability. The percentage of commuters who walk to work. Exhibit 19 provides a comparison of the Transportation/Mobility rating distribution for Renton (23 tracts either fully or partially within City boundaries), and the tracts associated with the Sunset Area (tracts 252 and 254. CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 20 Exhibit 19 Map of Mobility/Transportation Index by Census Tract in Renton, 2012 Source: PSRC, 2012; BERK, 2013. *Renton tabulation geography includes 23 tracts either fully or partially within Renton city limits. is lower than the County overall, indicating that transportation options are limited and mobility is poor across much of the City. Nearly 70% of tracts rate The primary exception is the area West of I-405, in the City Center area, which rates highly, as well as a few tracts in the southern and eastern portions of the City which rate relatively high. The Cedar River Valley, Highlands, and East Plateau areas all have much more limited transportation and mobility opportunity. The tracts associated with the Sunset Area rate as also indicating poor performance in this category. CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 21 Means of Transportation and Travel Time to Work Exhibit 20 shows the means of transportation for workers over 16 years old in Renton and King County, while Exhibit 21 provides information on travel time to work for workers over 16 years who do not work at home. These indicators provide a sense of how Renton compares to the County overall in terms of convenience of and preference for using alternative modes of transportation (excluding car, truck, or van) and commute burden. Exhibit 20 Means of Transportation to Work, 2011-2013 3-year Average Source: American Community Survey, 2011 2013 3-year average. Exhibit 21 Travel Time to Work, 2011 2013 3-year Average Source: American Community Survey, 2011 2013 3-year average. Renton has a substantially higher percentage (86.0%) of workers over 16 years old who travel to work via car, truck, or van compared to the County overall (76.4%). It has a lower percentage of workers who use public transportation (7.6% vs. 10.9% for the County overall) and a far lower percentage of workers who walk or bicycle to work. This indicates that the convenience of and preference for using alternative modes of transportation is lower in Renton than the County overall. Travel time to work for workers 16 and older not working at home in Renton is relatively similar to the County overall, although the mean travel time is slightly higher for Renton (27.8 vs. 26.4 minutes). There are a higher percentage of workers in Renton who have a commute of at least 30 minutes (45.6% vs. 41.0%) and of at least 60 minutes (7.4% vs. 6.8%). This indicates that Renton workers have a slightly larger overall commute burden compared to the County average. Renton King County Total Workers 16 and Older 46,353 989,159 Car, Truck, or Van 86.0% 76.4% Public transportation 7.6% 10.9% Walked 1.3% 4.4% Bicycle 0.2% 1.5% Taxicab, motorcycle, or other 0.8% 1.1% Worked at home 4.0% 5.8% Renton King County Total Workers 16 and Older Not Working at Home 44,493 931,885 Less than 10 minutes 7.4% 9.1% 10 - 19 minutes 22.9% 26.5% 20 - 29 minutes 24.2% 23.4% 30 - 44 minutes 29.6% 25.6% 45 - 59 minutes 8.6% 8.6% 60 minutes or more 7.4% 6.8% Mean Travel Time to Work (in minutes)27.8 26.4 CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 22 Education Opportunity Access to quality educational opportunities is a significant part of overall opportunity. To assess educational opportunities for children and youth, the analysis uses indicators developed by the Road Map Project, a regional effort aimed at improving student achievement including grade-level reading and graduation rates. Grade level reading is an important indicator of student progress. The Road Map project uses the percent of students meeting the reading standard by the end of 3rd grade as a performance indicator, due to its high predictive value for high school graduation and attainment of post-secondary credentials. Exhibit 22 Percent of Renton School District Students Meeting Grade Level Reading and Math Standards, School Year 2012-13 Source: Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, Washington State Report Card, 2013. The percentage of Renton students meeting the statewide reading standard is about the same for the state overall. In math, Renton students trend slightly better than the state overall in 3rd through 5th grade . The trend ends in grades 6-8, overall rates for meeting the math standard. READING MATH 73%72%73%71%69%66% 74%73%73%71%66%65% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Third Grade Fourth Grade Fifth Grade Sixth Grade Seventh Grade Eighth Grade Washington State Renton School District 65%63%63%59%64% 53% 71%64%65% 50% 57%52% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Third Grade Fourth Grade Fifth Grade Sixth Grade Seventh Grade Eighth Grade CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 23 Exhibit 23 Percent of Sunset Area School Students Meeting Grade Level Reading Standard, School Year 2012-13 Source: Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, Washington State Report Card, 2013. School catchment areas cross through neighborhoods, making it difficult to assess the educational opportunity for neighborhood-level geographies such as the Sunset Area. There are two elementary schools serving the Sunset Area: Kennydale and Highlands. Kennydale Elementary School feeds into McKnight Middle School and Highlands Elementary School feeds into Dimmitt Middle School. At the 3rd 5th grade levels, Kennydale consistently performs better than the Renton School District in the percentage of students meeting grade-level reading standard. However, Highlands performs consistently worse than the School District average, especially at the Fourth and Fifth grade levels. Both McKnight and Dimmitt Middle Schools serve Sunset Area students. On grade-level reading, McKnight Middle School performs consistently better than the School District while Dimmitt Middle School performs worse in Sixth and Seventh Grade, but more similarly in Eighth Grade. 74% 73% 73% 80% 79% 80% 65% 62% 71% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% Third Grade Fourth Grade Fifth Grade Renton School District Kennydale Elementary Highlands Elementary 71% 66% 65% 83% 71% 70% 64% 58% 63% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% Sixth Grade Seventh Grade Eighth Grade Renton School DistrictMcKnight Middle School Dimmitt Middle School CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 24 Exhibit 24 -11 Source: Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, 2013. Exhibit 24 high programs are not shown). Sunset Area students attend either Hazen High School (coming from McKnight Middle School) or Renton High School (coming from Dimmitt Middle School). The overall Renton School District graduation rate is 79%, with 5% of students continuing after their peer cohort graduates, and 16% of students dropping out some time during high school. The graduation rates for the traditional high schools in Renton are between 83% and 90%, however alternative high schools in the District have lower graduation rates. Exhibit 25 presents a comparison of the graduation rates of students who are white and students who are races other than white (students of another racial category). While the overall graduation rate for Renton is 79%, the rate for white students is higher at 84% and the rate for students who are races other than white is lower at 76%. Exhibit 25 Racial Comparison of Renton High School Graduation Rates, School Year 2011-12 Source: Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, 2013. In the Renton School District, almost one fifth (19%) of students who are races other than white drop out of high school. It is unknown if students who leave Renton high schools go on to receive their diploma or secondary school credential at all. There is a gap in graduation rates of 8 percentage points between white and students who are races other than white, suggesting a disparity in educational opportunity. CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 25 HEALTH & CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT Exhibit 26 Five-Year Total Deaths per 100,000 of Top Five Causes of Death, 2007-2011 Source: Public Health of Seattle & King County, King County City Health Profile for Renton/Fairwood, December 2012. The top five causes of death in King County and Renton/Fairwood are, in descending order, cancer, heart disease, stroke, chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD), and accidents and external causes. Renton/Fairwood has a proportionally higher incidence of cancer, stroke, and CLRD, while King County has a higher incidence of heart disease and accidents and external causes. CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 26 Exhibit 27 Five-Year Percent of Adults 18+ with Negative Health Risk Factors and Chronic Disease, 2006-2010 Source: Public Health of Seattle & King County, King County City Health Profile for Renton/Fairwood, December 2012. a disease. These risk factors are important, as awareness of them can encourage people to make healthy choices about their activities, habits, and diets. They are also, generally, chronic conditions that should be monitored by a healthcare professional. Renton/Fairwood has a higher incidence rate than King County for seven of the eight health risk factors listed above. The only indicator that Renton/Fairwood has a lower incidence of than King County is excessive alcohol. CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 27 Exhibit 28 Five-Year Percent of Adults with Inadequate Access to Care Indicators, 2006-2010 Source: Public Health of Seattle & King County, King County City Health Profile for Renton/Fairwood, December 2012. Renton/Fairwood are not receiving specific preventative care or face a barrier to accessing care. Proportionally, people in Renton/Fairwood are more likely than people in King County overall to receive a pap test or flu shot, however they are less likely to have a dental visit, mammogram, pneumonia vaccination, and personal doctor. About half of residents in King County and Renton/Fairwood did not receive a flu shot during the last year. CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 28 HOUSING INVENTORY & AFFORDABILITY The Growth Management Act requires each jurisdiction to conduct a current housing inventory to assess its housing stock in terms of current and future housing needs. King ctions to plan for and promote a range of affordable, accessible, and healthy housing choices for current and future residents. In King County, there is currently an unmet need for housing that is affordable for households earning less than 80 percent of the Area Median Income. This analysis assesses the housing supply of three areas. Exhibit 29 provides an overview map of Renton, the Sunset Area, and the Potential Annexation Areas: City of Renton. All housing within the City of Renton. All Renton figures include the Sunset Area. Sunset Area. The Sunset Area includes 0.54 square miles. Some information is not available for the Sunset Area due to its limited geographic scope and smaller number of people. Potential Annexation Areas (PAA). The potential annexation areas include areas of unincorporated King County that may or may not be annexed into the City of Renton at a later time. CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 29 Exhibit 29 Overview Map of Renton, the Sunset Area, and the Potential Annexation Areas Source: City of Renton, 2013; BERK, 2013. Housing Units The housing inventory changes daily as new units are built and older units are torn down. The Washington State Office of Financial Management estimates current housing units for all Washington jurisdictions over time. Exhibit 30 presents the proportion of housing units by unit type. The types include: One unit, Two or more units, and Mobile homes and special units. Special units include permanent residents living in travel trailers, RVs, boats, sheds, tents, and others. CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 30 Exhibit 30 Estimate of Housing Units, 2013 HOUSING UNIT ESTIMATES 2013 HOUSING UNIT ESTIMATES 2010 2013 Source: Office of Financial Management Forecasting Division, April 1, 2013. The majority of housing units in both Renton and King County are single family units (one unit). The proportion is slightly higher for King County with 58% of all housing units being single family compared to 53% in Renton. Renton has added about 1,876 housing units between 2010 and 2013, resulting in a total of 40,806 units. This represents a compound annual growth rate of 1.2% a year, more than twice the growth rate of King County as a whole. Most additional housing units in Renton were Two or More units, similar to King County. Single Family Unit growth has been limited in both Renton and King County between 2010 and 2013, with an average annual growth of .8% and .3% respectively. The low rate of new housing growth can be somewhat explained by the recession. enables summaries at smaller geographic areas. Data sources and methods differ from the Office of Financial Management Forecasting Division and are not directly comparable.Exhibit 31 presents the housing counts for Renton, the Sunset Area, and the PAA. 2010 2011 2012 2013 Change 2010 - 2013 Compound Annual Growth Rate Renton Total 38,930 40,005 40,404 40,806 1,876 1.2% One Unit 20,883 21,029 21,252 21,580 697 0.8% Two or more 17,094 18,009 18,184 18,257 1,163 1.7% Mobile Homes and Specials 953 967 968 969 16 0.4% King County Total 851,261 857,349 861,946 869,470 18,209 0.5% One Unit 494,230 496,204 498,121 500,591 6,361 0.3% Two or more 338,645 342,852 345,550 350,612 11,967 0.9% Mobile Homes and Specials 18,386 18,293 18,275 18,267 (119) -0.2% CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 31 Exhibit 31 Number of Housing Units, 2013 Source: . The Sunset Area has a relatively greater proportion of its housing in multi-family stock, reflecting the number of apartment units in the area. The Potential Annexation Areas are the reverse, and are mostly dominated by single-family housing. Age of housing is a factor in the quality of housing and how much housing costs to maintain. Older homes typically have less efficient furnaces, insulation, windows, and appliances which lead to higher operating costs compared to newer housing construction. Exhibit 32 presents the number of units by year built for the City of Renton. CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 32 Exhibit 32 Existing Renton Housing Units by Year Built, 2013 Source: ffice, 2013; BERK, 2013. Housing Unit types are defined based on the ownership/taxing status of the underlying land. There is a broad range in housing age in Renton, starting with 1900. Prior to the beginning of the current economic downturn, Renton saw a significant expansion of its housing market with 27.7% of its housing stock built after 2000. In addition to the units listed above, the Office of Financial Management estimates 969 mobile home and special dwellings in the City of Renton (April 1, 2013 estimate). The average age of mobile home units is unknown, though many are substandard with inadequate and failing systems. Under normal circumstances, a new residential unit can be expected to have an effective, useful life of 40-50 years before it becomes functionally obsolete. The useful lifespan can be expanded indefinitely with continued maintenance and re-investment. About 19% of housing in Renton was built before 1959, making it over 50 years old. The vast majority of this older housing is single-units or duplexes. In addition, a significant portion of housing built in the 1940s, some of which is still owned by the Renton Housing Authority, was built quickly under extraordinary circumstances for the war defense industry. This housing was intended as temporary housing for war defense workers, who were expected to return to their original communities after the war. Much of this housing is still in use today, and likely is approaching functional obsolesce. Further analysis is needed to estimate the useful lifespan of the current housing stock. Year Built Total Percent 1900 - 1909 310 0.8% 1910 - 1919 237 0.6% 1920 - 1929 458 1.2% 1930 - 1939 345 0.9% 1940 - 1949 2,114 5.3% 1950 - 1959 3,671 9.3% 1960 - 1969 6,371 16.1% 1970 - 1979 3,548 9.0% 1980 - 1989 6,903 17.4% 1990 - 1999 5,498 13.9% 2000 - 2009 9,267 23.4% 2010 & Later 888 2.2% 259 235 429 312 2,051 3,281 3,663 1,753 1,830 2,104 4,946 697 2 - 583 571 995 1,615 1,696 51 63 386 2,125 1,224 4,078 1,779 2,625 - 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 Single Family Codos Apartments CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 33 Housing Attainability A contributing factor of whether housing is attainable for a household is whether the househo wide Planning Polices require each jurisdiction to assess the affordability of its housing inventory and to plan for meeting local needs for affordable housing as well as accommodating a share of the countywide need for affordable housing. Affordability The Countywide Planning Policies provide guidelines for determining housing affordability using Area Median Income (AMI) to establish housing market segments ranging from Very-Low Income Housing Needs to Moderate Housing Income Needs. Area Median Income is the midpoint of all household income, so that half the households earn more than the median income and half the households earn less than the median Exhibit 33 presents the Area Median Income estimates for King County, using three different data sources. The U.S. Housing and Urban Development Department (HUD) AMI of $86,700 relates to a family of four, which is different than the true median which would be based on all households of every household size in a community. The median household income estimate for King County reported by the American Community Survey (ACS) is $70,767 affordability, this analysis uses the American Community Survey (5 year estimate) for King County. The Countywide Planning Polices require jurisdictions to analyze housing affordability using 30%, 50%, and 80% ratios to the HUD published Area Median Income. Exhibit 33 also presents the upper income bounds of each Housing Need category. Exhibit 33 Housing Need Income Thresholds Based on Area Median Income Source: Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2013; American Community Survey, 2011 1-year estimate. Estimating Households by Percent of Median Income To estimate the demand for affordable housing, the analysis estimates the number of households that belong to each of the Housing Need categories. The American Community Survey (ACS) provides information on the number of households by income in $5,000 to $10,000 income ranges, but not the number of households according to ratios of Area Median Income (AMI). Using the available household income data, this analysis groups households according to affordability income categories (Exhibit 33). In cases where the income category falls between the income ranges reported by the ACS, we assume that households are evenly $20,000 to $24,999 income range, we assume there are 1,000 households with income between $20,000 to $21,000, estimate the number of households at or below 30% of median income, the methods includes all households below $20,000 plus the 1,000 households assumed to earn between $20,000 and $21,000. 2011 area median income of $70,567, Exhibit 34 presents the estimated number of households in each income category for King County, City of Renton, and the Sunset Area. In the most recent County Wide Planning Polices, King County estimates that 12% of households in King County have incomes at Source: HUD AMI ACS Upper Bounds of Income Category King County (2013 Dollars) King County (2011 Dollars) Area Median Income $86,700 $70,567 Moderate Income Housing Need (80% of AMI) $69,360 $56,454 Low Income Housing Need (50% of AMI) $43,350 $35,284 Very-Low Income Housing Need (30% of AMI) $26,010 $21,170 CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 34 30% or below AMI. This analysis, using ACS 2011 5-year estimates (the best available estimates with least margin of error) estimates approximately 13% of all households having income at 30% or below AMI. Exhibit 34 Household Estimates by Percentage Median Income, 2011 dollars Source: King County figures based on American Community Survey 2007 2011 5-year average; Renton and Sunset Area estimates from Esri; BERK, 2013. Figures may not add to total due to rounding. Very-low Income Housing Need. Households with incomes 30% of AMI or less have an estimated annual income up to $21,000. This represents approximately 104,908 households in King County with very limited resources to spend on housing. As a result, this is the housing need category most unmet by market forces and for which jurisdictions must employ policy and planning tools to ensure housing is attainable for these households. Countywide Planning Policies suggest tha housing supply should be affordable to these households. Low Income Housing Need. Households with incomes between 30 and 50 percent of AMI have incomes that range from $21,000 to $35,000. Countywide Planning policies suggest housing supply be attainable to households in this income range. Moderate Income Housing Need. Households with incomes between 50 and 80 percent of AMI have annual incomes between $35,000 and $56,000, representing 124,325 households in King County. County Wide Planning Polices suggest olds in this income range. Renton has slightly greater proportions than King County of its households in the lower income housing need categories. The difference is even greater for the Sunset Area. Relative to King County, both Renton and the Sunset Area have smaller proportions of households earning Affordability of Renter Occupied Housing The most fundamental categories of housing supply and demand are rental housing versus owner-occupied housing. The type of occupancy may be reflective of the housing type, but not always. There are increasingly more attached units available for purchase such as condominiums and townhomes, as well as single-family detached housing that is renter-occupied. In general, attached housing, such as apartments, is less expensive partly owing to the lower cost of land per unit and thus serves a greater proportion of lower-income households. To improve understanding of housing attainability for households with lower incomes, we examine the income distribution of households who rent compared to the supply of available rental housing. Exhibit 35 presents the estimated percent (and count) of renter households in King County and Renton according to the Housing Need category. The exhibit draws on self-reported rents that households pay and accounts for subsidies or other housing benefits used by the current renting population. As a result, the rents Ratio to King County AMI $70,567 Low High Estimated HHs Percent Estimated HHs Percent Estimated HHs Percent Under 30% $0 $21,000 104,908 13% 5,763 15% 328 29% 30 - 50% $21,000 $35,000 83,664 11% 5,070 14% 178 16% 50 - 80% $35,000 $56,000 124,325 16% 7,167 19% 228 20% 80 - 100% $56,000 $71,000 82,397 10% 4,423 12% 124 11% 100 - 120% $71,000 $85,000 64,872 8% 3,100 8% 69 6% 120% or Over $85,000 $1,000,001 329,904 42% 11,666 31% 214 19% Total 790,070 100% 37,225 100% 1,144 100% King County City of Renton Sunset Area Rounded (1,000s) Income Ranges CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 35 described in Exhibit 35 are not reflective of current market prices. For example, if the household occupies a subsidized housing unit, the respondent would report the rent they pay not the full market value of the unit. Exhibit 35 Renter Households by Housing Need Category, 2011 Source: American Community Survey, 2007 2011 5-year estimates. In 2011, there were an estimated 319,385 households renting in King County and 15,721 households renting in Renton. The distribution of renting households across income categories is similar between Renton and King County, with renter households represented in all housing need categories. In Renton, about 27% of renting households have incomes at or above area median income, which is similar to King County. In Renton, about 21% of renting households earn 30% of AMI or less. This represents approximately 3,318 households with very limited income for housing costs. Whereas Exhibit 35 presents the number of households according to Housing Need category, Exhibit 36 compares the number of renter households by housing need category to the number of units being rented at rents affordable to each category. Exhibit 36 compares renters (people) with housing rents (unit costs) and does not speak to the housing burden of any particular household or group. Very low income households may be renting at prices much more than they can afford, and median and upper income households may be paying a small proportion of their monthly income on rent. Low High Estimated HHs Percent Estimated HHs Percent Under 30% $0 $21,000 77,996 24% 3,318 21% 30 - 50% $21,000 $35,000 53,460 17% 2,625 17% 50 - 80% $35,000 $56,000 65,160 20% 3,380 22% 80 - 100% $56,000 $71,000 36,100 11% 2,146 14% 100 - 120% $71,000 $85,000 23,446 7% 1,348 9% 120% or Over $85,000 $1,000,001 63,223 20% 2,904 18% Total 319,385 100% 15,721 100% King County City of Renton Rounded (1,000s) Income Ranges CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 36 Exhibit 36 Renton Rental Unit Gap Analysis *Estimated monthly housing budget based on 30% of monthly gross income. Source: American Community Survey, 2007 2011 5-year estimates; BERK, 2013. In March 2011, the average market rent for an apartment was $983 (Dupre & Scott, 2012). This is well above the self-reported rents presented in Exhibit 36.The self-reported rents reflect what households pay, including any discounts or subsidies. For example, Renton Housing Authority, along with rent vouchers ported in from other public housing authorities, subsidizes approximately 1,700 units of housing in Renton (see Exhibit 37). These subsidized units likely account for a large portion of the households that report paying less than $525 per month in rent and some portion of the households that pay less than $875 per month in rent. There are also other housing subsidies, at much smaller scales, offered by other organizations. Accounting for all the non-market factors that may reduce the rent a household pays, the gap analysis demonstrates: There are approximately 3,318 renting households in Renton with incomes under 30% of AMI. There are also about 1,181 households paying rents that would be affordable to the upper bounds of this income range ($21,000 annual income). As a result, there is a gap in housing units affordable to this Housing Need category of 2,137 units (though, based on income alone, the gap is likely higher, as most households in the Under 30% AMI housing need category do not have annual incomes close to $21,000). Renton has more units with rents affordable to households with annual incomes of $21,000 to $35,000 than there are households earning those annual incomes. It is likely that many households in the very low-income category (less than $21,000 annual income) are renting in the $525- $875 monthly rent range are spending more than 30% of their income on rent. The upper bound of this market segment is renting below the average market rent of $983 per month. Housing quality issues may partly explain the lower rents in this group of units. About 18 5,000 and above (above AMI). There are only 668 suggesting that many of these households are paying less than 30% of their income on rents. This population represents a market segment that might be suitable for entry-level homeownership housing. Ratio to KC AMI Estimated Gap $70,567 Low High Low High Count Percent Units over/(under) Under 30% $0 $21,000 $0 $525 3,318 21% 1,181 (2,137) 30 - 50% $21,000 $35,000 $525 $875 2,625 17% 3,796 1,170 50 - 80% $35,000 $56,000 $875 $1,400 3,380 22% 7,691 4,311 80 - 100% $56,000 $71,000 $1,400 $1,775 2,146 14% 1,776 (370) 100 - 120% $71,000 $85,000 $1,775 $2,125 1,348 9% 314 (1,034) 120% or Over $85,000 $2,125 $0 2,904 18% 668 (2,236) Total 15,721 15,426 Monthly Housing Income Ranges Budget*Estimated Renter HHs CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 37 Exhibit 37 Renton Housing Authority Subsidized Rental Units, 2013 Source: Renton Housing Authority, 2013. Rents vary according to unit size, and household size relative to income is an indicator of the housing needs of a community. Data on the number of households in specific income brackets by household size are not available for the City of Renton or the Sunset Area. However, in 2010 HUD developed a special tabulation of households by income category, household size, and housing tenure. These data are available at the county income numbers are not comparable. Exhibit 38 presents the number of households by household size in specific income categories for King County (2010 data). The data demonstrate the dominance of 1 person households in King County, which represent more than half of all income categories under $34,999 a year. Large households (5 or more persons) are represented across all income categories. Number of Units Subsidy Type Elderly Public Housing Hillcrest Terrace 60 Public Housing Evergreen Terrace 50 Public Housing Senior Project Based Houser Terrace 104 Local program Cedar River Terrace 72 Project-based Section 8 Golden Pines Apartments 53 Project-based Section 8 Family Cedar Park Apartments 244 Local program Sunset Terrace 100 PublicHousing Cole Manor 28 Public Housing Chantelle 17 Local Program Rolling Hills Townhomes 15 Local Program Highland House 15 Local Program YWCA Vision House 15 Project-based Section 8 Brickshire 12 Local Program Glennwood Townhomes 8 Local Program Liberty Square 92 Tax credit Vouchers Section 8 allocated to RHA 331 Tenant-based Section 8 Section 8 from other PHAs 475 Tenant-based Section 8 VASH 22 Veterans TOTAL 1,713 Affordable Housing Properties CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 38 Exhibit 38 King County Renting Households by Household Size and Income, 2010 Source: HUD Economic and Market Analysis Division, Special Tabulations of 2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Survey Data. Apartment Rents and Vacancy Rates The best available data on current market rents is the apartment rents survey conducted by Dupree and Scott. Dupre and Scott conduct on-going surveys of apartments in the Puget Sound Region.Exhibit 39 presents the average rent and market vacancies for Renton from 2005 to 2012, the most current available estimate. Market vacancy figures do not include units undergoing renovation or lease up. Total 1-person 2-persons 3-persons 4-persons 5+ persons Less than $10,000 33,670 23,215 5,205 2,870 1,305 1,075 $10,000 to $14,999 20,735 12,830 4,450 1,655 1,155 645 $15,000 to $24,999 38,655 21,230 7,735 4,395 2,795 2,500 $25,000 to $34,999 39,090 21,590 8,650 3,815 2,565 2,465 $35,000 to $49,999 52,115 23,705 15,425 6,285 3,930 2,765 $50,000 to $74,999 58,885 21,110 21,175 8,520 4,335 3,755 $75,000 to $99,999 33,355 9,580 13,275 5,275 2,960 2,265 $100,000 to $149,999 24,895 5,605 10,520 4,365 2,765 1,640 $150,000 to $199,999 6,580 925 2,985 1,145 710 815 $200,000 or more 5,455 1,235 1,930 915 840 535 Total by Size 313,435 141,025 91,350 39,240 23,360 18,460 CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 39 Exhibit 39 Average Apartment Rents and Vacancy Rates in Renton, 2005-2012 Source: Dupre and Scott, 2012; BERK, 2013. All observations were for September of each respective year. Average rents dropped following in 2009 at 8.3% to a low of $953 in 2010. Since 2009, apartment vacancy rates have continued to drop ending at 5.5% in 2012, with a corollary increase in average rents to $1,083. A 5% market vacancy is considered healthy, with slightly higher vacancy rates expected in more suburban markets. If vacancies continue to remain at around 5%, or drop below 5%, average rents will likely increase. Exhibit 40 presents a comparison of the current market p published fair market rents for King County. It demonstrates that in reference to the County, the rental CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 40 Exhibit 40 Comparison of Fair Market Rents and Current Market Prices Source: HUD, 2013; Dupre & Scott, 2013. Based on this comparison of HUD Fair Market rents and current market prices in Renton (according to slightly higher for studios and 1 bedroom rentals, almost the same for 2 bedroom rentals, and substantially lower for 3 bedroom rentals. Exhibit 41 Renton Gross Rent by Bedroom Source: American Community Survey, 2007-2011 5-year estimates. Of the housing units occupied by renter households, it is estimated that 6,537 (42%) are 2 bedroom units. The American Community Survey (ACS) estimates that 4,271 of these 2-bedroom rental units (65%) cost more than $1,000 per month. The ACS estimates that 32% of housing units occupied by renter households are 1 bedroom, with 1,978 (40%) of these units costing between $750 - $999 per month, and 1,346 (27%) costing more than $1,000 per month. No Bedroom 1 bedroom 2 bedrooms 3+ bedrooms Total Category % Less than $200 22 84 25 33 164 1% $200 to $299 62 257 72 30 421 3% $300 to $499 14 248 112 87 461 3% $500 to $749 236 995 190 231 1,652 11% $750 to $999 164 1,978 1,817 352 4,311 27% $1,000 or more 61 1,346 4,271 2,739 8,417 54% No cash rent 8 50 50 187 295 2% Total 567 4,958 6,537 3,659 15,721 Percent of Total 4% 32% 42% 23% CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 41 Overcrowding HUD defines an overcrowded housing unit as one where there is an average of more than 1 person living per room. The table below shows the percentage of rental units that are overcrowded for the Sunset Census Tracts, Renton, and King County. Exhibit 42 Percentage of Rental Units that are Overcrowded, 2007-2011 5-year Average Source: American Community Survey, 2007-2011 5-year average. * The Sunset Tracts include all of Tracts 252 and 254, which the Sunset Area is within. However, the Sunset Tracts represent a much larger area than the Sunset Area itself. Renton has a slightly higher percentage of rental units that are overcrowded (5.7%) than the County overall (4.7%). The Sunset Census Tracts have almost twice the rate of overcrowding than the County overall, indicating that overcrowding may be a significant issue in this portion of the City. Owner Occupied Housing Home ownership brings greater neighborhood stability and has historically been a significant driver of personal and household wealth for individuals and housing needs is to ensure there are opportunities for home ownership for moderate-income levels and first time homebuyers. The exhibits below assess the opportunity in -occupied housing market based on housing need category. Exhibit 43 shows the distribution of households living in owner occupied housing in Renton and King County by housing need category. Exhibit 43 Owner Tenure Household by Housing Need Category, 2012 Source: American Community Survey, 2007 2011 5 year estimates. Both King County and Renton have households who own their housing across all housing need categories. King County Renton Sunset Tracts* Occupants per room 0.50 or less 567,433 25,211 4,179 0.51 to 1.00 202,917 9,514 1,287 1.01 to 1.50 13,651 1,041 331 1.51 to 2.00 5,118 189 30 2.01 or more 951 70 21 Number of Overcrowded Units (> 1) 19,720 1,300 382 Percent of Units that are Overcrowded (>1) 4.7% 5.7% 10.1% Low High Estimated HHs Percent Estimated HHs Percent Under 30% $0 $21,000 26,912 6% 1,212 6% 30 - 50% $21,000 $35,000 30,204 6% 1,616 8% 50 - 80% $35,000 $56,000 59,165 13% 3,123 15% 80 - 100% $56,000 $71,000 46,297 10% 2,573 13% 100 - 120% $71,000 $85,000 41,426 9% 2,320 11% 120% or Over $85,000 $1,000,001 266,682 57% 9,460 47% Total 470,685 100% 20,304 100% King County City of Renton Rounded (1,000s) Income Ranges CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 42 Renton has a slightly higher proportion of owner-occupied housing in the middle-income categories (50% of AMI to 120% of AMI). Renton has a slightly lower proportion of households with incomes over 120% of AMI living in owner- occupied housing. To illustrate the types of housing that are needed at various income levels, Exhibit 44 presents the number of households living in owner-occupied housing by housing size and income category in 2010. Exhibit 44 King County Owning Households by Household Size and Income, 2010 Source: Source: HUD Economic and Market Analysis Division, Special Tabulations of 2010 ACS 5-Year Survey Data More than half of households who live in owner-occupied housing with incomes less than $34,999 are 1- person households. Most households living in owner occupied housing with more than 2 persons have annual incomes of more than $50,000. Exhibit 45 provides median sales prices in Renton over the last nine years by housing type, and Exhibit 46 estimates the income needed to purchase a home, as well as the percentage of households that meet the income thresholds. TOTAL 1-person 2-persons 3-persons 4-persons 5+ persons Less than $10,000 9,430 6,360 1,860 535 435 245 $10,000 to $14,999 7,410 5,265 1,200 385 340 220 $15,000 to $24,999 18,395 11,355 4,605 1,425 740 270 $25,000 to $34,999 23,770 11,885 7,495 1,845 1,510 1,025 $35,000 to $49,999 42,340 17,790 15,155 4,285 3,230 1,880 $50,000 to $74,999 79,445 23,570 30,555 11,720 8,310 5,290 $75,000 to $99,999 76,185 14,610 29,375 13,815 11,890 6,490 $100,000 to $149,999 109,400 11,445 40,725 22,815 23,365 11,045 $150,000 to $199,999 49,745 2,825 18,325 11,345 11,935 5,310 $200,000 or more 52,415 3,805 19,500 10,920 12,370 5,820 Total by Size 468,535 108,910 168,795 79,090 74,125 37,595 CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 43 Exhibit 45 Renton Median Sales Prices, Jan 2005 2013 Source: Zillow.com Real Estate Market Reports (http://www.zillow.com/local-info/) * Some condo data is suppressed due to a low number of sales. Home prices in Renton have trended downward in recent years due to the economic recession, and despite a recent uptick are still notably lower than their peak in 2007 and 2008. In Renton, single family units have a median sales price of $330,900, much higher than the median sales price of condominiums at $149,800. The vast majority of housing sales in Renton are single family units. Housing prices peaked in 2007 2008, with a high median sales price of $402,300 in December of 2007, followed by a drop in prices through the beginning of 2013. Apartment rents have been rising since 2010, housing prices are expected to begin to rise as well as the economy recovers from the recession and mortgage interest rates remain low. Exhibit 46 presents an assessment of the attainability of housing at current median sales prices using standard assumptions, including: A down payment of 20% of the sale price Interest rate of 5.5% 30 year fixed rate mortgage Taxes at 10.9% Insurance at $3.50 per $1,000 value Housing cost burden not to exceed 30% of gross income CITY OF RENTON | COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN SERVICES AND HOUSING APPENDIX A BASELINE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS June 2014 44 Exhibit 46 Annual Income Needed to Purchase a Home at Current Median Selling Price, 2013 Source: Zillow.com, 2013; ACS, 2011; BERK, 2013 The analysis suggests that an annual income of at least $75,620 is required to purchase a single family home at the current median selling price. There are an estimated 13,587 households in Renton with incomes greater than $75 sales at the median price or less) would be affordable to about 37% of Renton households. Current condominium prices present a more affordable housing ownership opportunity. Our analysis estimates that households with incomes of $35,000 would be able to afford a condominium at current median prices, making condominium ownership affordable for a much higher percentage of the population (71%) than single family home ownership. Single Family Condominiums Monthly Mortgage Monthly Mortgage Median Selling Price $330,900 Median Selling Price $149,800 Down Payment (20%) $66,180 Down Payment (20%) $29,960 Mortgage Amount $264,720 Mortgage Amount $119,840 Interest Rate 5.50% Interest Rate 5.50% Payments over 30 years 360 Payments over 30 years 360 Monthly Mortgage Payment $1,496 Monthly Mortgage Payment $680 Annual Housing Expenses Annual Housing Expenses Mortgage Payments $17,954 Mortgage Payments $8,165 Taxes (10.9%) $3,620 Taxes (10.9%) $1,639 Insurance ($3.50 per $1000) $1,112 Insurance ($3.50 per $1000) $503 Annual $22,686 Annual $10,307 Monthly $1,891 Monthly $859 Monthly Income Needed $6,302 Monthly Income Needed $2,863 Annual Income Needed $75,620 Annual Income Needed $34,358 Households Households Number of households with Number of households with with income > $75,000 13,587 with income >$35,000 26,355 Total households 37,225 Total households 37,225 Estimate of households that 37% Estimate of households that 71% can afford median home price can afford median condo price June 2014 June 2014 June 2014 June 2014 June 2014 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11