HomeMy WebLinkAboutCommunity Needs Assessment Update -2013 (ORD 5797)s
Community Needs
Assessment Update
Or- M& AMP3w
2013
:ill BERK
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Natasha Fedo, Project Director
Annie Saurwein, Project Support
HEAD START, ECEAP, AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
Community Needs Assessment: 2013 Update
11 BERK FINAL: 5/'i/t013
FINAL: 5/1/2013
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary
Part 1: Introduction
PROJECT/UPDATE OVERVIEW
SEATTLE EARLY CHILDHOOD PROGRAMS
METHODOLOGY
DATA SOURCES
Part 2: Data and Analysis Update
DEMOGRAPHICS
HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
Community Needs Assessment: Table of Contents
POPULATION UNDER FIVE
FREE OR REDUCED -PRICE SCHOOL LUNCHES PARTICIPATION AND TITLE I SCHOOLS
EARLY/HEAD START, ECEAP, AND STEP AHEAD ELIGIBLE POPULATION
RACIAL AND ETHNIC COMPOSITION
REFUGEE POPULATION
LANGUAGES SPOKEN AT HOME
EDUCATION
ADULT EDUCATION ATTAINMENT
HEALTH & NUTRITION
POPULATION WITH DISABILITIES
ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE
ACCESS TO DENTAL CARE
LEAD LEVELS
ADOLESCENT BIRTH RATES
BIRTH RISK FACTORS
CHILD CARE
AVAILABILITY OF CHILD CARE SERVICES
CHILD CARE ASSISTANCE FOR WORKING PARENTS
Part 3: Program Considerations
Technical Appendix
1
5
6
7
12
14
18
19
22
22
24
24
24
27
29
29
30
34
34
35
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Executive Summary
UPDATE OVERVIEW
In 2011, Seattle's Early Head Start and Head Start programs (Early/Head Start), Early Childhood Education and
Assistance Program (ECEAP), and Step Ahead Preschools conducted a State and Federally required Community Needs
Assessment covering the City of Seattle. The purpose of this Assessment was to review a wide range of social,
economic, health, and educational factors that describe Seattle's families, children and community needs. In 2012, a
required yearly update of the Community Needs Assessment was provided
The current document is the 2013 yearly update of the Assessment. It includes updated exhibits (where new data is
available), a look at trends based on changes between 2012 and 2013, and a discussion around potential program
implications of the Assessment.
COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT OVERVIEW
The Community Needs Assessment is a combined effort of Seattle's Early/Head Start, ECEAP, and Step Ahead
programs. The Assessment informs program planning and allows the programs to make adjustments to their services
based on changing needs and demographics and to adjust short- and long-range objectives. The Assessment also
meets requirements that federally -funded Head Start programs conduct a Community Needs Assessment every three
years based on federal performance standards (45 CFR 1305.3).
Early/Head Start. Head Start programs provide comprehensive child development services to economically
disadvantaged children and families. Head Start programs serve children ages three to five while Early Head Start
programs serve pregnant women and children ages birth to three. The federal Head Start program provides grants to
local public agencies and private non-profit and for -profit entities. In 2012, there were five Head Start grantees in
Seattle, which together provided services to over 1,700 low income children:
■ Seattle Public Schools (SPS)
■ Neighborhood House
■ Denise Louie Education Center
■ United Indians of All Tribes Foundation
■ First A.M.E. Child Development Center (FAME CDC)
It was recently announced that FAME CDC and the United Indians of All Tribes Foundation have lost federal funding
and will discontinue their Early/Head Start programs as of June 30, 20131.
Early Childhood Education and Assistance Program. ECEAP, funded through the State of Washington's Department of
Early Learning and the City of Seattle, offers free, high -quality, culturally and linguistically appropriate preschool
services for eligible three- and four -year -olds and their families. During the 2011-12 school year, ECEAP provided 330
allocated slots at eight provider agencies.
City of Seattle Step Ahead Program. With funding from the City of Seattle's Families & Education Levy, Step Ahead
offers free or low-cost, culturally and linguistically appropriate preschool services to eligible four -year -olds. During the
1 1'2 Head Start Programs to Close After Losing Federal Funding," The Seattle Times, April 15,2013.
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2013 Community Needs Assessment: Executive Summary
2011-12 school year, the program provided direct funding for 350 preschool slots within nine preschool providers (at
multiple sites), as well as 251 additional match slots.
FINDINGS
The 2011 Community Needs Assessment and companion 2012 Community Needs Assessment Update presented an
array of findings in the areas of Demographics, Education, Health and Nutrition, Childcare, and Housing,
Transportation, and Utilities. Generally, the broad findings presented in those documents continue to hold true, and
readers are encouraged to review them prior to reading this document. Although an analysis of new data gathered
for the current update did not substantively alter previous high-level findings, several continuing trends, new trends,
and additional findings were identified. Highlights include:
Demographics
■ Between 2011 and 2012, most schools across the city saw a change of less than 5% in the number of students
receiving free and reduced -price lunches. There were seven schools where the increase was greater than 5%.
This was an increase from 2011, when only four schools showed increases of greater than 5% in the number
of students receiving free and reduced -price lunches.
■ There are now 25 Title I elementary schools in Seattle. This includes two elementary schools (Graham Hill
Elementary and Rainier View Elementary), in addition to the 23 Title I elementary and K-8 schools in Seattle
in 2010 and 2011.
■ Similar to 2010-11, by racial category the percentage of children served by Early/Head Start programs aligns
closely with the citywide percentage of children living in poverty, but there are notable exceptions:
— White children under 5 make up 26% of the children in poverty citywide, but account for only 9% of the
Early/Head Start population.
— Asian children make up 10% of children in poverty citywide, but account for 15% of the Early/Head Start
population.
■ Between 2010-11 and 2011-12, the percentage of students in Title I schools that are bilingual decreased by
4%, however the total count of bilingual students increased by 64 students. This is because there was an
increase in overall enrollment at Title I elementary schools between 2010-11 and 2011-12, which may be
related to the addition of two Title I elementary schools.
■ In 2010-11, African dialects surpassed Spanish as the second most spoken type of language (after English)
amongst children in the Early/Head Start programs. This trend continued in 2011-12, as the number of
families speaking African dialects increased by 8.4% and the number of families speaking Spanish declined by
5.4%.
■ In 2011-12, 76.5% of Early/Head Start children's parent(s) or guardian(s) had never attended college, a slight
overall decrease from 2010-11.
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Health and Nutrition
■ Compared to 2010-11, there were almost 33% fewer students without health insurance at the beginning of
the year, and almost 28% fewer students without health insurance at the end of the year.
■ Compared to 2010-11, there was a slight decrease in the percentage of students who received medical
screenings and a significant increase in the number of students diagnosed as needing treatment (58 more
students) and in the number of students receiving care (52 more students).
■ Compared to 2010-11, there was a 3.4% decrease in the percentage of students who received a dental exam,
and a 17.7% decrease in the percentage of students receiving care.
■ Similar to 2010-11, approximately 30% of Early/Head Start families received federal assistance in 2011-12.
Over 80% of these families received Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) funds, with the other
20% receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) funds.
■ The population of children aged birth to 17 who have been served by the Basic Food program continues to
increase in 2011-12, in both Seattle and King County (although Seattle's rate is increasing at a slower rate
than King County.
Child Care
■ Compared to 2012, there is marginally lower preschool capacity for both child care centers and family child
care homes (FCCs), resulting in a total decrease of 2.3% and 144 slots.
■ As in 2011, FCCs account for the majority of facilities, but child care centers have more capacity.
■ Child care costs increased across the board in Seattle between 2010 and 2012, although the cost for family
child care homes decreased for the county overall.
■ Child care in King County remains substantially more expensive than the overall State average.
■ Median tuition rates for child care centers are more expensive than family child care homes.
■ The Early Learning Network (ELN) program provided subsidy assistance to 57 families in 2012, which is a
nearly 80% decrease in families served from 2011.
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Part 1: Introduction
PROJECT/UPDATE OVERVIEW
Every year, Seattle's Early Head Start and Head Start programs (Early/Head Start), Early Childhood Education and
Assistance Program (ECEAP), and Step Ahead Programs combine their efforts to develop or update a joint Community
Needs Assessment. The information collected throughout this process is essential to delivering needed services to
children and families. The Community Needs Assessment and its updates inform program planning, allowing each
program to make adjustments based on changing needs and demographics and to adjust their short- and long-range
objectives.
Federally -funded Head Start programs are required by federal performance standards (45 CFR 1305.3) to conduct a
Community Needs Assessment every three years and provide formal updates in the interim years. State performance
standards require ECEAP programs to conduct a Community Needs Assessment of their service areas at least every
three years. This report is an update to the full Community Needs Assessment completed in 2011 and the Community
Needs Assessment Update completed in 2012. It effectively updates exhibits included in the 2012 Update, which were
selected exhibits from the 2011 Assessment. Readers are encouraged to review this document in tandem with the
2011 Assessment and the 2012 Update. In addition to updated exhibits, the current document highlights trends based
on similarities and changes observed over the last year.
Seattle Early Childhood Programs
Early/Head Start. Since 1965, the federally -funded Head Start program has provided educational, social, nutritional,
and health services for America's low-income children and their families. Based on a "whole child" model, the
program provides comprehensive services that include preschool education; medical, dental, and mental health care;
nutrition services; and efforts to help parents foster their child's development. Early Head Start serves pregnant
women and children aged birth to three years old and Head Start serves children aged three to five years old.
The Head Start program provides grants to local public agencies and private non-profit and for -profit entities to
provide comprehensive child development services to economically disadvantaged children and families. In 2012,
there were five Early/Head Start grantees in Seattle, which together provided services to over 1,650 low income
children; they included:
■ Seattle Public Schools (SPS) Head Start serves three- and four -year -old children, offering half -day and full -day
programs at various schools in the district.
■ Neighborhood House Head Start provides high -quality preschool education to children ages three to five at
four sites throughout the Seattle area. The Early Head Start Program serves low-income families with children
from birth to age three (as well as expectant parents) who live in or near any of Seattle Housing Authority's
family communities.
■ Denise Louie Education Center serves low-income children between the ages of three and five years old
through its Head Start program, and pregnant women and families with infants and toddlers from birth to
three years old through Early Head Start.
■ United Indians of All Tribes Foundation Head Start provides early childhood development and education
opportunities for pregnant women and children birth to five years old. Early Head Start Home -Based provides
services to pregnant women and children birth to three years old.
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■ First A.M.E. Child Development Center (FAME CDC) provides comprehensive center and home -based
services for expectant parents and children from birth to five in diverse settings in central and south central
Seattle. Readiness development and parent goals are prioritized in partnerships with parents, the community
and staff. Head Start, Early Head Start, and Child Care programs are the options available to the families.
While all of these programs provided services in 2012, two programs have since lost their ongoing federal Head Start
grant funding, after having to recompete for it, and will discontinue providing Early/Head Start programs as of June
30, 20132. these programs include United Indians of All Tribes Foundation Head Start and First A.M.E. Child
Development Center. The Office of Head Start is in preliminary negotiations with new grantees, Children's Home
Society of Washington and the Puget Sound Educational Service District, and will be establishing whether the
reallocated slots will be within the City of Seattle or someplace else in King County.
The City of Seattle funds two free preschool programs that help children academically, socially, and physically prepare
for kindergarten:
Early Childhood Education and Assistance Program (ECEAP). The ECEAP, funded through the State of Washington's
Department of Early Learning (DEL) and the City of Seattle, offers free, high -quality, culturally and linguistically
appropriate preschool services for eligible three- and four -year -olds and their families. ECEAP provided 330 preschool
slots to families with incomes up to 130% of the federal poverty level at eight provider agencies in 2012-13 (Exhibit 1).
Exhibit 1
ECEAP Funded Agencies and Programs, 2009-10, 2010-11, 2011-12, and 2012-13
Service Providers (Agencies)
2009-10
ECEAP Allocated Slots
2010-11 2011-12
2012-13
Jose Marti Child Development Center
34
34
34
34
Refugee Women's Alliance (Re WA)
42
42
42
42
Tiny Tots Development Center
92
92
92
102
The Experimental Education Unit (EEU)
36
36
36
18
Prospect Enrichment Preschool
12
12
12
12
Primm ABC Child Care Center
10
10
10
7
Martin Luther King, Jr. Day Home Center
10
8
8
N/A
The Refugee and Immigrant Family Center (RIFC)
40
40
40
40
SeaMar Community Health Center
56
56
56
75
Total
332
330
330
330
Source: City of Seattle, Human Services Department, 2013; BERK, 2013
Seattle Step Ahead Program. With funding from the City of Seattle's Families & Education Levy, the City's Office of
Education (OFE), together with the Human Services Department (HSD), created the Seattle Step Ahead Preschool
Program. The program offers free or low-cost, culturally, and linguistically appropriate preschool services to eligible
four -year -olds. Part -day programs provide a three and a half hour instructional day for children, four to five days per
week from September to June. Full -day programs provide six or more hours per day for children, five days per week
from September to June.
The Seattle Step Ahead program includes both levy -funded and match slots; match slots are not required and include
children whose tuition is paid by other sources, including ECEAP and private tuition.
Z "2 Head Start Programs to Close After Losing Federal Funding," The Seattle Times, April 15,2013.
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In 2012-13, the program provided direct funding for 350 preschool slots through nine preschool providers at multiple
sites, as well as additional match slots, keeping the program total to more than 600 children (Exhibit 2).
Exhibit 2
Total Slots in Step Ahead Agencies and Programs, 2009-10, 2010-11, 2011-12, and 2012-13
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-2013
Levy-
Levy-
Levy -
Levy-
Funded
Match
Funded
Match
Funded
Match
Funded
Match
Service Providers (Agencies)
Slots
Slots
Slots
Slots
Slots
Slots
Slots
Slots
Jose Marti Child Development Center
25
25
25
25
25
25
34
0
Community Day School Association
56
56
56
52
56
52
49
56
Refugee Women's Alliance (ReWA)
45
30
45
30
45
30
45
0
Seed of Life
8
5
14
5
14
5
N/A
N/A
Tiny Tots Development Center
16
65
16
65
16
65
N/A
N/A
La Escuelita
14
4
14
4
14
4
N/A
N/A
Chinese Information and Service Center (CISC)
8
0
8
0
8
0
16
0
The New School (South Shore)
19
35
19
35
19
35
27
27
Sound Child Care Solutions
41
14
46
10
46
10
81
0
Black Star Line
12
4
8
2
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Ca usey's Lea rni ng Center
12
8
12
8
15
5
20
0
Denise Louie Education Center
12
100
12
115
20
100
50
136
Neighborhood House
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
28
32
Total
268
346
275
351
278
331
350
251
Source: City of Seattle, Human Services Department, 2013; BERK, 2013.
Note: City of Seattle did not report data for Black Star Line after 2010-11. City of Seattle did not fund Seed of Life, Tiny Tots
Development Center, or La Escuelita in 2012-13.
Exhibit 3 below shows total fiscal year 2011-12 enrollment for preschool programs.
Exhibit 3
Total Enrollment in Head Start, ECEAP, and Step Ahead Programs, 2011-12
Children by Age
Program
Total
Percent of
Under 1
1 year old
2 years old
3 years old
4 years old
5 years +
Enrollment
Total
Head Start
Seattle Public Schools
0
0
3
154
350
0
507
30.3%
United Indians
0
0
0
0
51
70
121
7.2%
Denise Louie
0
0
7
85
108
0
200
12.0%
FAME
0
0
1
121
152
0
274
16.4%
Neighborhood House
0
0
0
82
106
0
188
11.2%
Early Head Start
United Indians
20
23
24
0
0
0
67
4.0%
FAME
10
19
26
62
0
0
117
7.0%
Neighborhood House
56
48
33
0
0
0
137
8.2%
Denise Louie
27
18
17
0
0
0
62
3.7%
Total 113 108 111 504 767 70 1,673
Percent of Total 6.8% 6.5% 6.6% 30.1% 45.8% 4.2% 100.0%
National Data (%of Total)
4"
4.7%
6.4%
33.9%
.7%
1.6%
ECEAP
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Step Ahead
0
0
0
10
600
29
639
Source: Head Start 2011-12 Program Information Reports (PIRs), 2013, City of Seattle, 2013, BERK, 2013.
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Exhibit 4 shows the total funded enrollment for Early/Head Start as a count and as a percentage of enrollment. As the
exhibit highlights, Head Start programs have a much higher percentage of funded enrollment than Early Head Start
programs.
Exhibit 4
Funded Enrollment for Head Start, 2011-12
Funded
Total
%of Total
Program
Enrollment
Enrollment
Enrollment
Head Start
Seattle Public Schools
446
507
88.0%
United Indians
108
121
89.3%
Denise Louie
174
200
87.0%
FAME
228
274
83.2%
Neighborhood House
172
188
91.5%
Early Head Start
United Indians
40
67
59.7%
FAME
74
117
63.2%
Neighborhood House
82
137
59.9%
Denise Louie
36
62
58.1%
Total
1,360
1,673
81.3%
National Data I%of Total)
-
-
84.5%
Source: Head Start 2011-12 PIRs, 2013, City of Seattle, 2013, BERK, 2013.
METHODOLOGY
The data in this Update has been gathered from the same sources that were used to inform the 2011 Assessment and
the 2012 Update. Please note that much of the data that was presented in the comprehensive 2011 Assessment has
not been updated; exhibits were only revised if new data was available and if an update was identified as providing
significant value. These decisions were made during the development of the 2012 Update — the 2013 Update directly
updates most of the exhibits from that document. Most notably, but with a few exceptions, exhibits that relied on the
U.S. Census American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year averages have not been updated (and are not included in the
current document).
Internal program data, gathered from the Head Start grantees' Program Information Reports (PIRs) and the City of
Seattle, did receive a comprehensive update, and makes up a substantial portion of this report. Like in 2012, National
Head Start Program data has been incorporated into the exhibits, which allows for direct statistical comparisons
between local Head Start programs and national Head Start program averages.
Also included are "percent change" tables, which indicate the percentage increase or decrease of a specific data point
between two time periods (typically between 2010-11 and 2011-12). It is important to note, however, that percent
change out of context can be misleading; for a full understanding of percent change values it is important to look at
these values in tandem with the absolute numbers they are derived from. For example, an increase from 1 to 3 for a
specific data point is a 300% increase, although the actual increase in count is marginal.
There are also a few exhibits where the term "point percent change" (as opposed to "percent change") is used. This
refers to the difference in a data point's percentage of total between two time periods. For example, if 55% of
children in a particular school received free and reduced -price lunches one year, and 60% percent received free and
reduced lunches the next year, there would be a point percent change of 5%; this indicates a change in proportion to
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the total between two time periods. This is different than "percent change," which indicates the percentage that a
specific data point has increased or decreased between two time periods.
Most of the data in this report is presented in charts and tables, with key points, highlighting similarities and
difference from the 2012 Update, outlined in bullets. There are also updated maps, which display data geographically
to show spatial patterns in Seattle.
Data Sources
This report relies on the most current data available; however, for many data sources, there is a lag of one to several
years between data availability (often due to collection and processing time) and the analysis performed for this
update.
Specific data sources accessed for the current update and the 2011 Full Assessment include:
■ Early/Head Start, ECEAP, and Step Ahead Program Statistics: Early/Head Start grantees' PIRs, City of
Seattle.
*Note: While the Early/Head Start PIRs are collected via a standardized form, grantees may interpret
questions differently and their methodologies in collecting and counting certain data may differ as well.
Therefore, caution should be exercised when comparing data across programs.
■ Demographic and Socioeconomic Statistics: U.S. Census Bureau (including U.S. Census, American
Community Survey, and other Census Data products), U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Office of Refugee Resettlement, Washington Office of
Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI).
■ Education: Seattle Public Schools (SPS), Washington Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI),
Washington Department of Early Learning (DEL), Washington State Board of Community and Technical
Colleges (SBCTC).
■ Public Health and Vital Statistics: Seattle -King County Public Health (PHSKC), Seattle Public Schools (SPS),
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Washington Department of Health (DOH), Washington
State Health Care Authority (HCA), Washington Department of Social and Health Services (DSHS), City of
Seattle Human Services Department.
■ Child Care: Child Care Resources, Washington State Child Care Resource and Referral Network, City of
Seattle Human Services Department.
■ Housing, Transportation, and Utilities: U.S. Census Bureau, City of Seattle Department of Housing, Seattle
City Light, Seattle Public Library.
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Part 2: Data & Analysis Update
DEMOGRAPHICS
Population Under Five
Exhibit 5 shows population density for all children under age five by census tract, while Exhibit 6 estimates the
population density of children under age five who are living below the poverty line. There are currently approximately
32,000 children under age five living in Seattle.
Exhibit 5
Population Density of Children Under 5 by Census Tract, 2010
Density/ Sq. Mi.
0-250
250-400
400 - 500
500 - 650
650-927
1 D�2
..
I
— —, Miles,.
Source: US Census, 2010; American Community Survey, 2007-2011 5-YearAverage; BERK, 2012.
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Exhibit 6
Population Density of Children Under 5 Below the Poverty Line By Census Tract, 2010
Density} Sq. Mi
n -Zp
xl . av
41 -10
Mai -ISO
I F IJ
5
Source: US Census, 2010; American Community Survey, 2007-2011 5-Year Average; BERK, 2012.
Note: The number of children below poverty is estimated using 2010 Census data and 2007-2011 5-Year Average American
Community Survey Poverty data.
■ Many areas North of the Ship Canal, the Rainier Valley, the Central District, Queen Anne, and Delridge have
tracts with the highest population densities of children under age 5.
■ Children living in poverty are most concentrated in the Rainier Valley, the Central District, Delridge, the
University District, and the area in and around Northgate. Data for census tracts in and around the University
District may be misleading as the high student population likely artificially increases the poverty rate.
Free or Reduced -Price School Lunches Participation and Title I Schools
Free or Reduced School Lunches
Students are eligible for free or reduced -price lunches based on family income criteria established by the U.S.
Department of Agriculture (USDA). While the specific income requirements depend upon the size of the family and
are adjusted each year, children from families with incomes at or below 130% of the poverty level are eligible for free
meals, and those from families with incomes between 130% and 185% of the poverty level are eligible for free or
reduced -price meals.
Exhibit 7 shows the percentage of children receiving free or reduced -price meals by elementary school for 2012 while
Exhibit 8 shows the percentage point change between 2011 and 2012.
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Exhibit 7
Percentage of Children Receiving Free or Reduced -Price Lunches by Elementary School, 2012
% By School, 2012
p7 ............
•� Olymm • 3.9%-10%
• 10.1%-25%
0 er,,th'gat • 25.1%-50%
i50.1%_75%
• •
• • 75.1%-97.7%
• • 99 •
• ❑CRA Groups
v •
rc
Bailey Gat a LAKE
WASIIINGTON .,
awthorne `.
"born Park
West Seatt a .�
. • V,43n Assel &LK Jr.
Roxhill Wing Luke
Highland P r +i 1 bunlap
ancord',Emerson
International�G �
0 2 N �„
Miles ^i
Source: Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction, 2013; BERK, 2013.
Notes:
- Labels are provided for schools where more than 75.1 % of children are receiving free or reduced -price lunches.
- Community Reporting Area (CRA) groups, used in the exhibit above, are a citywide geography derived from census tracts,
used for reporting purposes
• Similar to 2011, Southeast Seattle, Duwamish, Delridge, the Central District, and sections of North Seattle in
and around Northgate have elementary schools with the highest percentage of students receiving free or
reduced -price lunches. Queen Anne, Magnolia, and Sand Point have the lowest.
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Exhibit 8
Percentage Point Change in Students Receiving Free and Reduced -Price Lunches by Elementary School,
2011 to 2012
Broad View
Jhompsonllb
0
Cp 0 L99
00oo
O 0
0
t�
i r. fJ i'
% Pt. Change
— 5
-12.3% - -69h,
O Pinehurst
o 0.1%-2.5%
0 2.6% - 51Y.
O
• 5.1%-30.5%
0
^ C
❑ CRA Groups
0
o
0
r7
016
k
0 O/
0
0 01.
Os!
'fig
O
O O
Sanisl
U
4_ � J NcGilvra,
1 �r
LAKE �
WASHING TON-,
1 �V
in Muir
�G'raham
••� �� Hill
CN�
n N 0 1
Miles
Source: Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction, 2013; BERK, 2013.
Note: Labels are provided for schools with a higher than 5% rate of increase in number of children receiving free or reduced -
price lunches.
• Between 2011 and 2012, most schools across the city saw a change of less than 5% in the number of students
receiving free and reduced -price lunches.
■ There were seven schools where the increase was greater than 5%, including Broadview -Thompson
Elementary and Pinehurst Elementary in North Seattle, McGilvra Elementary in Madison Park, Lowell
Elementary in Eastlake (a notable outlier, with an increase of 30.5%), John Muir Elementary and Graham Hill
Elementary in Southeast Seattle, and Sansilo Elementary in Delridge. This was an increase from 2011, when
only four schools showed increases of greater than 5% in the number of students receiving free and reduced -
price lunches.
:ill BERK 9
FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
2013 Community Needs Assessment Update
■ There were 13 schools where the decrease in the number of students receiving free and reduced -price lunch
was greater than 5%. This is a substantially higher number than the five schools that saw this decrease the
previous year.
Title 1 Schools
All elementary schools with 55% or more of their students receiving free or reduced -price lunch and schools of any
grade with 75% or more students receiving free or reduced -price lunch receive federal Title I funding. Title 1 funding
provides supplemental instruction in literacy and math, funds for parent involvement activities, and opportunities for
professional development for staff.
■ The overall number of Seattle Public Schools elementary and K-8 students receiving free or reduced -price
lunches was slightly greater than 11,000 in 2012, or 40% of the total enrollment of almost 28,000. This is
slightly less than in 2011, when 42% of enrolled students received free and reduced -price lunches.
■ There are now 25 Title I elementary schools in Seattle. This includes two elementary schools (Graham Hill
Elementary and Rainier View Elementary) in addition to the 23 Title I elementary and K-8 schools in Seattle in
2010 and 2011.
■ Approximately 77% of students in these 25 Title I schools receive free or reduced -price lunches. The
percentage of students receiving free or reduced -price lunch ranges from 36.7% at Leschi Elementary to
94.6% Bailey Gatzert Elementary.
Exhibit 9 shows SPS' Title I elementary schools, the majority of which are located in central or south Seattle.
:1II BERK 10
FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
2013 Community Needs Assessment Update
Exhibit 9
SPS Title I Elementary and K-8 Schools, 2012
Broadview Thompson j N 130m St j Olympic Hills
BITTER
LAKE
Northgate LAKE
m�. CITY
U�
v Y
m
N 85th St.
GREENWOOD
\\ WEDGEWOGD
BRYANT
N EOth St
SEATTLE
a
r 99
w
ro
n`
cv
520
►Madrona
r;�crur s,l}
:Leschi
Bailey Gatzert j if I srrr N c rn
Beacon Hill P.
International l 0-
j :John Muir
Kimball
► Hawthorne
,.;E'-
- Maples
r
Dearborn Park j
West Seattle j j :Graham Hill
Sanislo :Martin Luther King Jr.
�
Van Asselt ::Wing Luke
Dunlap :.:South Shore
j Highland Concord
Roxhill Park j Emerson
Rainier View j ° I
A
Miles
Source: Seattle Public Schools, 2013; BERK, 2013.
:1II BERK 11
FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
2013 Community Needs Assessment Update
Early/Head Start, ECEAP, and Step Ahead Eligible Population
To be eligible for Early/Head Start, a family's income must be below 100% of the federal poverty level. In addition, a
2007 amendment to the law permitted agencies to enroll a limited number of children from families with incomes
between 100% and 130% of the federal poverty level, provided the agency establish a process to demonstrate that it
serves those under 100% of the federal poverty level first, and that the agency submits special reports annually to the
federal government. To be income eligible for ECEAP, a family's income must be below 110% of the federal poverty
level; for Step Ahead, a family's income must be between 110% and 300% of the federal poverty level.
Exhibit 10 shows fiscal year 2011-12 enrollment in Early/Head Start, ECEAP, and Step Ahead by income eligibility,
while Exhibit 11 shows the percent change for enrollment by income eligibility between fiscal years 2010-11 and
2011-12.
Exhibit 10
Early Head Start, Head Start, ECEAP, and Step Ahead Enrollment by Income Eligibility, 2011-12
Number of Enrollees by Type of Eligibility
Below
Income
100%
between
Income
Program
Poverty
100% and
under
Public
Foster
Over
Total
Funded
Level
130%
300%FPL
Assistance
Child
Homeless
Income*
Enrollment
Enrollment
Head Start
Seattle Public Schools
313
0
N/A
154
7
2
31
507
446
United Indians
70
0
N/A
34
2
11
4
121
108
Denise Louie
155
16
N/A
16
0
1
12
200
174
FAME
128
34
N/A
91
1
5
15
274
228
Neighborhood House
137
0
N/A
33
0
5
13
188
172
Early Head Start
United Indians
39
0
N/A
27
0
6
1
73
40
FAME
51
0
N/A
12
0
2
9
74
74
Neighborhood House
100
20
N/A
19
1
13
2
155
82
Denise Louie
96
1
N/A
18
0
2
1
118
36
Total
1,089
71
N/A
404
11
47
88
1,710
1,360
Percent of Total
63.7%
4.2%
N/A
23.6%
0.6%
2.7%
5.1%
100.0%
79.5%
National Data (%of Total)
70.9%
2.6%
N/A
16.6%
1.7%
3.4%
4.8%
100.0%
84.5%
ECEAP
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Step Ahead
639
-
639
609
Source: Head Start 2011-2012 PIRs, 2013; City of Seattle, 2013; BERK, 2013.
Notes:
- Federal regulations allow up to 10% of the Early/Head Start slots to go to 'over income" families, with an income 130%
over the poverty line.
- Step Ahead total enrollment is not consistent across different tables because the data was pulled from the City of Seattle's
database on separate occasions using different methods.
- All children in the Step Ahead program are below 300% FPL; there is no further income break -down available.
- Total enrollment represents children that dropped and were later replaced. Early/Head Start programs are required to
maintain full enrollment.
:1II BERK 12
FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
2013 Community Needs Assessment Update
Exhibit 11
Percent Change in Early Head Start, Head Start, ECEAP, and Step Ahead Enrollment by Income Eligibility,
2010-11 and 2011-12
Number of Enrollees by Type of Eligibility
Below
Income
100%
between
Income
Program
Poverty
100% and
under
Public
Foster
Over
Total
Funded
Level
130%
200% FPL
Assistance
Child
Homeless
Income*
Enrollment
Enrollment
Head Start
Seattle Public Schools
-4.6%
N/A
N/A
7.7%
-22.2%
N/A
6.9%
-0.4%
0.0%
United Indians
0.0%
N/A
N/A
-8.1%
-33.3%
37.5%
-20.0%
-1.6%
0.0%
Denise Louie
33.6%
-60.0%
N/A
-64.4%
-100.0%
-87.5%
71.4%
-7.8%
-9.8%
FAME
-23.4%
36.0%
N/A
51.7%
0.0%
-37.5%
15.4%
0.0%
0.0%
Neighborhood House
1.5%
N/A
N/A
-13.2%
N/A
N/A
44.4%
3.3%
0.0%
Early Head Start
United Indians
-22.0%
N/A
N/A
68.8%
N/A
20.0%
-66.7%
-1.4%
0.0%
FAME
82.1%
-100.0%
N/A
-55.6%
N/A
100.0%
800.0%
25.4%
105.6%
Neighborhood House
5.3%
N/A
N/A
216.7%
N/A
-7.1%
-80.0%
24.0%
10.8%
Denise Louie
-15.0%
-93.8%
N/A
-41.9%
N/A
0.0%
0.0%
-27.6%
-56.1%
Total
-1.2%
-14.5%
N/A
0.2%
-21.4%
2.2%
12.8%
-0.9%
-1.4%
ECEAP
-
-
-
N/A
N/A
Step Ahead
0.9%
-2.7%
Source: Head Start 2011-12 PIRs, 2013; City of Seattle, 2013; BERK, 2013.
■ Total enrollment in Early/Head Start programs decreased slightly (-0.9%) over the last year, in contrast to an
increase of 3.2% between 2009-10 and 2010-11. This decrease was mainly from Head Start, which had 15
fewer enrollees in 2011-12; Early Head Start had one additional enrollee in 2011-12. There was some
redistribution of enrollment between specific Early Head Start programs; United Indians of All Tribes
Foundation and Denise Louie lost enrollees, while FAME and Neighborhood house together gained
approximately the same number.
■ The number of enrollees under 100% of the federal poverty level and between 100% and 130% of the federal
poverty level saw a decrease of about ten enrollees each. This was partially offset by the overall decrease in
Early/Head Start enrollment, however, there was also an increase of ten "over income" enrollees.
■ Percent increases or decreases in total enrollment can be the result of several factors, including mobility,
previous enrollees aging out of the program, and decrease in the availability of slots. In this case, a marginal
decrease (-1.4%) in funded enrollment could have affected overall enrollment (which decreased by-0.9%).
:1II BERK 13
FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
2013 Community Needs Assessment Update
Racial and Ethnic Composition
Exhibit 12 shows the racial and ethnic composition of the student population for the SPS's 25 Title I elementary and K-
8 schools during the 2011-12 school year, while Exhibit 13 shows the total counts and percentages by ethnic group for
these schools, collectively. Exhibit 14 shows the change in total counts and percentages between 2010-11 and 2011-
12.
Exhibit 12
Number of Students in Each Ethnic Group, Title I Elementary and K-8 School, 2011-12
Wing Luke Elementary School
West Seattle Elementary School
Van Asselt Elementary School
South Shore K-8 School
Sanislo Elementary School
Roxhill Elementary School
Rainier View Elementary School
Olympic Hills Elementary School
Northgate Elementary School
Martin Luther King Jr. Elementary School
Maple Elementary School
Madrona K-8 School
Leschi Elementary School
Kimball Elementary School
John Muir Elementary School
Highland Park Elementary School
Hawthorne Elementary School
Graham Hill Elementary School
Emerson Elementary School
Dunlap Elementary School
Dearborn Park Elementary School
Concord International School
Broadview -Thomson K-8 School
Beacon Hill International School
Bailey Gatzert Elementary School
I--
19---
66
9---
I-
155 ----
z----
180
I-
90
6--1�
50
12
--
2-Mim-
6---
152
4---
439
I--168
----�-
7
1
1
Imnmiimm
4
-
��
-
I-�-
I�--�-��
21-�141
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
■ Black ■ Asian or Pacific Islander Hispanic ■ White ■ American Indian or Alaskan Native Two or More Races
Source: Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, 2013; BERK 2013.
Note: A federal mandate, implemented in 2010-11, requires that districts report multi -racial students, but report students
who choose Hispanic and other races as solely Hispanic.
:ill BERK 14
FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
2013 Community Needs Assessment Update
Exhibit 13
Total Students by Ethnic Group, Title I Elementary and K-8 Schools, 2011-12
American
Asian or
Indian or
Pacific
Alaskan
Two or
Black
Islander
Hispanic
White Native
More Races
Total 2746
2605
2038
1833 117
639
Percent of Total 27.5%
26.1%
20.4%
18.4% 1.2%
6.4%
Source: Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, 2013; BERK 2013.
Exhibit 14
Percent Change in Total Students by Ethnic Group, Title I Elementary and K-8 Schools, 2010-11 and 2011-12
American
Asian or
Indian or
Pacific
Alaskan Two or
Black Islander Hispanic
White Native More Races
Total -13.6% -1.6% 13.7%
58.7% -2.5% 40.1%
Source: Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, 2013, BERK 2013.
■ Non -white ethnic groups make up 81.6% of students in SPS Title I Elementary and K-8 schools. This is a
decrease from 2010-11, when 88% of students in SPS Title I Elementary and K-8 Schools were from non -white
ethnic groups. This could be related to the inclusion of two new Title I schools, Graham Hill Elementary and
Rainier View Elementary.
■ Black and Asian/Pacific Islander are the most prevalent ethnic groups, with each group representing over 25%
of students in SPS Title I Elementary and K-8 schools. Hispanic students lag these ethnic groups slightly —
making up over 20% of students in SPS Title I Elementary and K-8 schools.
Exhibit 15 illustrates the racial composition for children and pregnant women enrolled in Early/Head Start, ECEAP, and
Step Ahead 2011-12 (and includes citywide data for comparison). Exhibit 16 shows the percent change for enrollment
by race between 2010-11 and 2011-12.
:III BERK 15
FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
2013 Community Needs Assessment Update
Exhibit 15
Racial Composition of Early/Head Start, ECEAP, and Step Ahead Enrolled Children, 2011-12
Enrollment by Race
Indian or
Pacific
Bi/Multi-
Unspeci-
Total
Program
Native
Asian
Black
Islander
White
Racial
Other
fied
Enrollment
Head Start
Seattle Public Schools
11
62
214
1
126
40
0
53
507
United Indians
55
6
5
0
6
8
24
17
121
Denise Louie
0
71
27
3
3
43
30
23
200
FAME
3
38
170
2
4
19
38
0
274
Neighborhood House
1
19
162
0
3
1
2
0
188
Early Head Start
United Indians
29
1
8
0
2
7
8
18
73
FAME
1
15
86
0
4
3
14
0
123
Neighborhood House
0
22
24
2
9
8
29
57
151
Denise Louie
2
25
24
1
1
3
17
0
73
Total
102
259
720
9
158
132
162
168
1,710
Percent of Total
6.0%
15.1%
42.1%
0.5%
9.2%
7.7%
9.5%
9.8%
100.0%
28.9%
v.v.0
4.3%
100.0%
ECEAP
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Step Ahead
3
215
175
0
98
9
10
12
639
Seattle % Under 5 Poverty
5.4%
10.3%
39.0%
1.0%
26.3%
10.4%
7.6%
N/A
N/A
Seattle % Under 5 Population
0.9%
10.7%
10.5%
0.7%
63.3%
11.4%
2.5%
N/A
N/A
Source: Head Start 2011-12 PIRs; City of Seattle, 2013; BERK, 2013.
Notes:
- SPS Head Start data lists Hispanic enrollees as unspecified, while for Step Ahead data Hispanic enrollees are not included
(sum does not equal total enrollment)
- Seattle City Data is taken from the American Community Survey 5-Year Estimate (2006-2010)
:1II BERK 16
FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
2013 Community Needs Assessment Update
Exhibit 16
Percent Change for Racial Composition of Early/Head Start, ECEAP, and Step Ahead Enrolled Children, 2010-11 to 2011-12
Enrollment By Race
Indian or
Pacific
Bi/Multi-
Unspeci-
Total
Program
Native
Asian
Black
Islander
White
Racial
Other
fied
Enrollment
Head Start
Seattle Public Schools
10.0%
-19.5%
16.3%
-83.3%
96.9%
-20.0%
N/A
-55.1%
-0.4%
United Indians
12.2%
-33.3%
0.0%
-100.0%
-78.6%
33.3%
-4.0%
N/A
-1.6%
Denise Louie
-100.0%
-31.1%
-27.0%
50.0%
-25.0%
207.1%
-46.4%
N/A
-7.8%
FAME
N/A
35.7%
0.6%
100.0%
-92.5%
-13.6%
3700.0%
N/A
0.0%
Neighborhood House
-50.0%
-5.0%
8.0%
N/A
50.0%
-50.0%
-66.7%
N/A
3.3%
Early Head Start
United Indians
11.5%
0.0%
300.0%
N/A
-33.3%
-30.0%
-27.3%
-14.3%
-1.4%
FAME
N/A
-34.8%
405.9%
N/A
33.3%
-25.0%
16.7%
N/A
108.5%
Neighborhood House
-100.0%
57.1%
-70.4%
N/A
28.6%
100.0%
81.3%
N/A
20.8%
Denise Louie
N/A
-3.8%
-42.9%
-50.0%
-66.7%
-62.5%
N/A
-100.0%
-55.2%
Total 12.1% -14.0% 4.8% -25.0% -5.4% 10.0% 27.6% -24.0% -0.9%
ECEAP N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Step Ahead -25.0% 10.3% -8.4% N/A 11.4% -59.1% -9.1% -61.3% 0.9%
Source: Head Start 2011-12 PIRs, 2013; City of Seattle, 2013, BERK, 2013.
■ By racial category, the children served by Early/Head Start programs aligns closely with the citywide
percentage of children living in poverty, but there are notable exceptions:
- White children under 5 make up 26% of the children in poverty citywide, but account for only 9% of the
Early/Head Start population.
- Asian children make up 10% of children in poverty citywide, but account for 15% of the Early/Head Start
population.
■ Like in 2010-11, more than 80% of the children enrolled in Head Start, ECEAP, and Step Ahead in Seattle
belong to non -white racial groups.
■ Black students continue to be the largest racial group in the Early/Head Start programs by a wide margin, and
there was a slight overall increase in the number of black students between 2010-11 and 2011-12 (although
some programs did see a decrease).
■ Asian students continue to be the second largest racial group in the Early/Head Start programs, although
there was an overall decrease in the number of Asian students between 2010-11 and 2011-12.
■ The "other" category saw the largest percent increase between 2010-11 and 2011-12.
:1II BERK 17
FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
2013 Community Needs Assessment Update
Refugee Population
The refugee population is a subset of the total foreign -born population. The U.S. Office of Refugee Resettlement
explains that, "In order to be designated a refugee, people must have a well-founded fear of persecution in their
country of origin because of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.
Refugees legally enter the United States in search of freedom, peace, and opportunity for themselves and their
familiesi3. Exhibit 17 shows refugee arrival counts by top ten nationalities in Washington state:
Exhibit 17
Refugee Arrival by Top Ten Nationalities in Washington State, 2007-12
FY 2007
FY 2010
FY 2011
FY 2012
Percent
Percent
Percent
2012
Percent
Percent Change
Country
Count
of Total
Count
of Total
Count
of Total
Count
of Total
2011-12
BURMA
181
8.2%
655
25.4%
592
27.7%
488
22.6%
-17.6%
BHUTAN
0
0.0%
592
22.9%
442
20.7%
424
19.6%
-4.1%
FORMER USSR
1,047
47.2%
491
19.0%
251
11.8%
321
14.9%
27.9%
1 RAQ
19
0.9%
310
12.0%
264
12.4%
296
13.7%
12.1%
SOMALIA
400
18.1%
142
5.5%
194
9.1%
205
9.5%
5.7%
1 RAN
105
4.7%
78
3.0%
129
6.0%
107
5.0%
-17.1%
ERITREA
41
1.9%
97
3.8%
94
4.4%
73
3.4%
-22.3%
DEM.REP.CONGO
8
0.4%
8
0.3%
20
0.9%
55
2.5%
175.0%
ETHIOPIA
61
2.8%
18
0.7%
35
1.6%
43
2.0%
22.9%
SUDAN
34
1.5%
17
0.7%
15
0.7%
36
1.7%
140.0%
Subtotal 1,896 85.6% 2,408 93.3% 2,036 95.3% 2,048 94.8% 0.6%
Total 2,216 100.0% 2,581 100.0% 2,136 100.0% 2,161 100.0% 1.2%
Source: U.S. Office of Refugee Resettlement, 2013; BERK, 2013.
■ Compared to 2011, there were over 1.2% more refugee arrivals to Washington state in 2012. This is a sharp
contrast to the period between 2010 and 2011 in which there was an over 17% decline in refugee arrivals.
■ Similar to 2011, a few nationalities represent the majority of refugees arriving to Washington. Burma,
Bhutan, Iraq, former Soviet Republics, and Somalia compose about 80% of all refugee arrivals to Washington
in 2012 (they represented 82% in 2011).
■ Between 2010 and 2012, the top five countries of origin with the highest percentage of refugees remained
the same. However, the top countries of origin can vary considerably over just a few years, as seen in the
large percentage changes of arrivals for countries including Bhutan and the Former USSR since 2007.
3 U.S. Office of Refugee Resettlement, 2012.
:1II BERK 18
FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
2013 Community Needs Assessment Update
Languages Spoken at Home
Exhibit 18 shows the number and percentage of bilingual students in Title I elementary and K-8 schools:
Exhibit 18
Bilingual Students in Title I Elementary and K-8 Schools, 2011-12
Count
I Percent
I
Point
Count
j
Percent
Count of
Change
Percentage
Change
School
Bilingual
2010-11 to
I of Bilingual
2010-11 to
School
Population
Students
2011-12
Students
2011-12
Hawthorne Elementary School
501
218
106
I 43.1%
16.9%
Van Asselt Elementary School
531
216
-20
j 41.1%
-5.2%
Beacon Hill International School
452
199
5
43.0%
0.8%
Dunlap Elementary School
390
184
-15
1 43.1%
-2.3%
Kimball Elementary School
471
180
-4
1 38.5%
5.1%
Bailey Gatzert Elementary School
380
167
-9
1 41.8%
-12.2%
Concord International School
402
157
19
1 38.4%
1.8%
Maple Elementary School
480
154
-14
1 32.0%
-11.6%
West Seattle Elementary School
420
151
19
1 36.0%
7.3%
Emerson Elementary School
591
148
63
25.2%
10.7%
Broadview -Thomson K-8 School
666
125
-39
1 18.5%
-12.1%
Roxhill Elementary School
373
120
5
j 32.0%
-4.0%
Martin Luther King Jr. Elementary Schoo
351
119
-30
34.5%
-12.3%
Wing Luke Elementary School
352
110
0
1 30.8%
-1.4%
Northgate Elementary School
230
109
9
1 45.2%
16.7%
Highland Park Elementary School
434
97
7
1 22.2%
3.1%
Graham Hill Elementary School
390
93
N/A
j 24.2%
N/A
Dearborn Park Elementary School
308
91
-41
29.6%
-19.2%
John Muir Elementary School
403
84
30
1 19.4%
43.3%
Rainier View Elementary School
354
80
N/A
22.4%
N/A
South Shore K-8 School
605
72
-10
1 11.8%
-11.6%
Sanislo Elementary School
302
69
0
j 22.9%
5.6%
Olympic Hills Elementary School
267
66
1
25.3%
5.4%
Leschi Elementary School
377
62
-13
1 17.0%
-16.9%
Madrona K-8 School
328
0
-5
i 0.0%
-100.0%
Total
10,358
3,071
472
1 29.5%
3.4%
Source: Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, 2013; BERK 2013
Note: This table includes figures for bilingual students from kindergarten through grade eight for the elementary schools
including K-5 and K-8 schools, so the data may not be directly comparable across schools.
■ In agreement with 2010-11 data, approximately 30% of students in Title I schools are bilingual, however
unlike in 2010-11, there is one Title I school, Madrona K-8 School, with no bilingual students.
■ Between 2010-11 and 2011-12, the percentage of students in Title I schools that are bilingual decreased by
4%, however the total count of bilingual students increased by 64 students. This is because there was an
increase in overall enrollment at Title I elementary schools between 2010-11 and 2011-12, which may be
related to the addition of two Title I elementary schools.
:III BERK 19
FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
2013 Community Needs Assessment Update
■ The schools that saw the greatest point percent increase in percentage of bilingual students between 2010-
11 and 2011-12 were Emerson, Hawthorne, John Muir, and Northgate Elementary schools, none of which
saw top point percent increases between 2009-10 and 2010-11.
Exhibit 19 shows the breakdown of primary language spoken at home for Early/Head Start, ECEAP, and Step Ahead
enrolled children in 2011-12, while Exhibit 20 highlights the percent change between these values between 2010-11
and 2011-12.
Exhibit 19
Primary Language of Family at Home for Early/Head Start, ECEAP,
and Step Ahead Enrolled Children, 2011-12
Languages Spoken at Home
Middle
Eastern &
East
Pacific
European
Other and
Total
Program
English
Spanish
S Asian
Asian
Island
and Slavic
African
Unspecified Enrollment
Head Start
Seattle Public Schools
220
119
13
46
0
4
105
0
507
United Indians
78
16
4
1
0
0
22
0
121
Denise Louie
22
57
0
102
0
0
18
1
200
FAME
97
40
0
33
2
3
97
2
274
Neighborhood House
16
0
1
19
0
1
151
0
188
Early Head Start
United Indians
44
16
0
0
0
0
3
10
73
FAME
16
15
2
15
0
0
75
0
74
Neighborhood House
21
86
17
20
1
0
6
0
155
Denise Louie
17
17
0
27
1
0
11
0
118
Total 531 366 37 263 4 8 488 13 1,710
Percent of Total 31.1% 21.4% 2.2% 15.4% 0.2% 0.5% 28.5% 0.8% 100.0%
National Data (%of Total)
70.4%
25.1%
0.8%
1.0%
0.3%
1.3%
100.0%
ECEAP
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A N/A N/A
N/A
N/A
Step Ahead
304
89
2
158
1 2 52
31
639
Source: Head Start 2011-12 PIRs, 2013; City of Seattle, 2013; BERK, 2013.
Note: Step Ahead total enrollment is not consistent across different tables because the City of Seattle's data was pulled on
separate occasions using different methods.
:1II BERK 20
FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
2013 Community Needs Assessment Update
Exhibit 20
Percent Change for Primary Language of Family at Home for Early/Head Start, ECEAP,
and Step Ahead Enrolled Children, 2010-11 to 2011-12
Languages Spoken at Home
Middle
Eastern &
East
Pacific
European
Other and
Total
Program
English
Spanish
S Asian
Asian
Island
and Slavic
African
Unspecified Enrollment
Head Start
Seattle Public Schools
0.5%
-8.5%
18.2%
-25.8%
-100.0%
-33.3%
40.0%
-100.0%
-0.4%
United Indians
-3.7%
0.0%
N/A
-87.5%
N/A
N/A
22.2%
N/A
-1.6%
Denise Louie
-45.0%
0.0%
N/A
6.3%
N/A
N/A
-25.0%
N/A
-7.8%
FAME
-11.0%
-25.9%
N/A
26.9%
N/A
50.0%
16.9%
N/A
0.0%
Neighborhood House
6.7%
-100.0%
N/A
0.0%
N/A
0.0%
6.3%
N/A
3.3%
Early Head Start
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
United Indians
2.3%
-23.8%
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.0%
42.9%
-1.4%
FAME
-11.1%
15.4%
N/A
-28.6%
N/A
N/A
971.4%
N/A
25.4%
Neighborhood House
-19.2%
561.5%
N/A
42.9%
N/A
-100.0%
-91.5%
N/A
24.0%
Denise Louie
-48.5%
-78.2%
-100.0%
28.6%
N/A
N/A
-59.3%
N/A
-27.6%
Total -9.1% -5.4% 146.7% -1.5% 100.0% -20.0% 8.4% 18.2% -0.9%
ECEAP N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Step Ahead -7.0% 17.1% 100.0% 9.7% -50.0% 0.0% -5.5% 6.9% 0.5%
Source: Head Start 2011-12 PIRs, 2013; City of Seattle, 2013; BERK, 2013.
■ More than 65% of families in Early/Head Start Programs in 2011-12 speak languages other than English,
similar to 2010-11. This is a stark contrast to the national average of about 30% of families.
■ In 2010-11, African dialects surpassed Spanish as the second most spoken type of language (after English)
amongst children in the Early/Head Start programs. This trend continued in 2011-12, as the number of
families speaking African dialects increased by 8.4% and the number of families speaking Spanish declined by
5.4%.
■ Amongst Early/Head Start enrollees, Middle Eastern and South Asian languages had the most noteworthy
increase in percent change between 2010-11 and 2011-12. These languages and African dialects saw the
highest increases in count, with 37 and 38 more families, respectively, speaking these languages at home.
:1II BERK 21
FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
2013 Community Needs Assessment Update
EDUCATION
Adult Education Attainment
Exhibit 21 shows the highest level of education obtained by Early/Head Start childrens' parent(s) or guardian(s), while
Exhibit 22 highlights the percent change in educational attainment for Early/Head Start parents between 2010-11 and
2011-12.
Exhibit 21
Highest Level of Education for Parents of Early Head Start and Head Start Children, 2011-12
Highest Level of Education
Associate/
Vocational/ Some
Program
Less than High School
High School/ GED
College
Bachelor/ Advanced
Head Start
Seattle Public Schools
164
27.3%
249
44.8%
26 9.9%
38
40.4%
United Indians
24
4.0%
48
8.6%
22 8.4%
7
7.4%
Denise Louie
93
15.5%
51
9.2%
39 14.9%
7
7.4%
FAME
58
9.7%
99
17.8%
72 27.5%
26
27.7%
Neighborhood House
101
16.8%
21
3.8%
50 19.1%
0
0.0%
Early Head Start
United Indians
17
2.8%
26
4.7%
9 3.4%
4
4.3%
FAME
44
7.3%
20
3.6%
25 9.5%
0
0.0%
Neighborhood House
79
13.1%
20
3.6%
13 5.0%
1
1.1%
Denise Louie
21
3.5%
22
4.0%
6 2.3%
11
11.7%
Total 601 556 262 94
Percent of Total 39.7% 36.7% 17.3% 6.2%
National Data (%of Total) 31.0% 41.2% 22.9% 4.9%
Source: Head Start 2011-12 PIRs, 2013; BERK, 2013.
Note: Both local and national data percentages are based on the total number of families tracked.
:ill BERK 22
FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
2013 Community Needs Assessment Update
Exhibit 22
Percent Change for Highest Level of Education for Parents of Early Head Start and Head Start Children,
2010-11 to 2011-12
Program
Less than High
School
Highest Level of Education
Associate/
High School/ Vocational/
GED Some College
Bachelor/
Advanced
Head Start
Seattle Public Schools
3.1%
-6.7%
13.0%
11.8%
United Indians
14.3%
26.3%
-31.3%
16.7%
Denise Louie
-24.4%
-3.8%
95.0%
-12.5%
FAME
-30.1%
8.8%
-6.5%
23.8%
Neighborhood House
1.0%
-19.2%
19.0%
N/A
Early Head Start
United Indians
0.0%
30.0%
28.6%
0.0%
FAME
100.0%
81.8%
108.3%
-100.0%
Neighborhood House
92.7%
-4.8%
-50.0%
N/A
Denise Louie
-76.7%
46.7%
-33.3%
1000.0%
Total
-8.4%
2.6%
5.6%
17.5%
Source: Head Start 2011-12 PIRs, 2013; BERK, 2013.
Notes: Percent Change for "Total" excludes United Indians of All Tribes Foundation Head Start families from the 2012 total
■ In 2011-12, 76.5% of Early/Head Start children's parent(s) or guardian(s) had never attended college, a slight
overall decrease from 2010-11.
■ Amongst the programs, Denise Louie Education Center and FAME saw the greatest percentage increase in
parents who have attended some college between 2010-11 and 2011-12. Neighborhood House saw the
biggest decrease.
:1II BERK 23
FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
2013 Community Needs Assessment Update
HEALTH & NUTRITION
Population with Disabilities
SPS offers comprehensive special education services for children ages three to five years old. As of September 2009,
school districts are now required to provide or contract for services for children birth to three with delays and
developmental disabilities. Exhibit 23 provides the total number of children enrolled in special education services
through SPS, from birth to kindergarten, during March 2013:
Exhibit 23
Children Enrolled in Special Education Services through SPS, by Type of Disability, March 2013
Age Group
Birth to Three
Disability
Years Old
Preschool
Kindergarten
Total
Visually Impaired
0
3
2
5
Deaf/HH
0
8
7
15
Orthopedically Impaired
0
12
0
12
Developmental Delay
358
309
215
882
Communication Disorder
0
114
85
199
Specific Learning Disability
0
0
5
5
Health Impairment
0
52
28
80
Autism
0
64
42
106
Multiple Disability
0
6
1
7
Intellectually Disabled
0
0
1
1
Traumatic Brain Injury
0
1
0
1
Emotionally/Behaviorally Disabled
0
0
2
2
Total 358 569 388 1315
Source: Seattle Public Schools, 2013; BERK, 2013.
Note: "Multiple Disability" indicates children who have more than one of the types of disabilities listed above.
■ All children under age 3 that are enrolled in special education are identified as having developmental delays.
■ Similar to 2010 and 2011, developmental delays are the most prevalent type of disability among children
enrolled in special education in all three age categories.
■ Similar to 2010 and 2011, communication disorders, health impairments, and autism are the other disabilities
most common in 3-5 year olds enrolled in special education services at SPS.
Access to Health Care
Exhibit 24 shows the number of Early/Head Start children with no health insurance in 2011-12, at the beginning and
end of the enrollment year, while Exhibit 25 highlights percent change between 2010-11 and 2011-12.
:1II BERK 24
FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
2013 Community Needs Assessment Update
Exhibit 24
Early/Head Start Children with No Health Insurance, 2011-12
Beginning of Year (Sept. '11) End of Year (Aug. '12)
Total Enrollment # Without % Without # Without % Without
Program
(Children) Insurance Insurance Insurance Insurance
Head Start
Seattle Public Schools
507
3
0.6%
3
0.6%
United Indians
121
62
51.2%
15
12.4%
Denise Louie
200
2
1.0%
0
0.0%
FAME
274
0
0.0%
0
0.0%
Neighborhood House
188
1
0.5%
0
0.0%
Early Head Start
United Indians
67
33
49.3%
8
11.9%
FAME
117
0
0.0%
0
0.0%
Neighborhood House
137
0
0.0%
0
0.0%
Denise Louie
62
1
1.6%
0
0.0%
Total
1,673
102
6.1%
26
1.6%
National Data (%of Total) 100.0% 7.3% 3.7%
Source: Head Start 2011-12 PIRs, 2013; BERK, 2013.
Exhibit 25
Percent Change for Early/Head Start Children with No Health Insurance. 2010-11 to 2011-12
Total
Program
Enrollment
(Children)
Head Start
Seattle Public Schools
-0.4%
United Indians
-1.6%
Denise Louie
-7.8%
FAME
0.0%
Neighborhood House
3.3%
Early Head Start
United Indians
-5.6%
FAME
148.9%
Neighborhood House
14.2%
Denise Louie
-56.3%
Total
-0.7%
Source: Head Start 2011-12 PIRs, 2013; BERK, 2013.
Beginning of Year
End of Year
(Sept. '11)
(Aug. '12)
# Without
# Without
Insurance
Insurance
-97.3%
-90.0%
210.0%
200.0%
100.0%
-100.0%
-100.0%
N/A
N/A
N/A
3200.0%
N/A
-100.0%
N/A
N/A
N/A
-93.3 %
N/A
-32.9%
-27.8%
:1II BERK 25
FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
2013 Community Needs Assessment Update
■ At both the beginning and the end of the enrollment year, United Indians of All Tribes Foundation Early
/Head Start Programs had the vast majority of students without health insurance. This is in contrast to 2010-
11, when Seattle Public Schools Head Start Programs' enrollees represented the majority of students without
health insurance.
■ Denise Louie Education Center, FAME CDC, and Neighborhood House had the fewest number of enrollees
without health insurance, and had zero children enrolled without health insurance at the end of the 2011-12
year.
■ Similar to 2010-11, there were far more students overall without health insurance at the beginning of the
year than at the end of the year.
■ Compared to 2010-11, there were almost 33% fewer students without health insurance at the beginning of
the year, and almost 28% fewer students without health insurance at the end of the year.
■ United Indians of All Tribes Foundation Early/Head Start programs were the only programs to see a
significant increase in the number of uninsured students between 2010-11 and 2011-12. Most of the other
programs saw a notable decrease, particularly at the end of the year.
Exhibit 26 shows the number of Head Start children who are up-to-date for age -appropriate preventive and primary
health care according to Early Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment (EPSDT) schedule for well child care; the
number diagnosed with a chronic condition needing medical treatment; and the number who have received or are
receiving medical treatment. Exhibit 27 highlights percent change for this data between 2010-11 and 2011-12.
Exhibit 26
Number of Head Start Children Receiving Medical Services, 2011-12
Up-to-date for
Program Preventive and Diagnosed as
Primary Health Care Needing Treatment Receiving Care
Head Start
Seattle Public Schools
377
13
9
United Indians
108
9
7
Denise Louie
191
39
36
FAME
273
24
24
Neighborhood House
174
23
23
Early Head Start
United Indians
59
13
13
FAME
112
58
58
Neighborhood House
116
45
45
Denise Louie
60
2
2
Total
1,470
226
217
Percent of Total
87.9%
13.5%
13.0%
National Data (%of Total) 92.8% 12.5%
Source: Head Start 2011-12 PIRs, 2013; BERK, 2013.
:1II BERK 26
FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
2013 Community Needs Assessment Update
Exhibit 27
Percent Change in Number of Head Start Children Receiving Medical Services, 2010-11 to 2011-12
Up-to-date for
Program
Preventive and
Diagnosed as
Primary Health Care
Needing Treatment
Receiving Care
Head Start
Seattle Public Schools
-19.8%
160.0%
80.0%
United Indians
-6.1%
50.0%
16.7%
Denise Louie
-6.8%
160.0%
157.1%
FAME
4.2%
-29.4%
-25.0%
Neighborhood House
4.2%
-36.1%
-36.1%
Early Head Start
United Indians
3.5%
116.7%
116.7%
FAME
138.3%
5700.0%
5700.0%
Neighborhood House
3.6%
18.4%
18.4%
Denise Louie
-34.8%
-92.6%
-92.6%
Total -3.7 % 34.5 % 31.5 %
Source: Head Start 2011-12 PIRs, 2013, BERK, 2013.
■ Nearly 88% of Early/Head Start program students received medical screenings in 2011-12, with 13.5%
diagnosed as needing treatment and 13.0% receiving care.
■ Compared to 2010-11, there was a slight decrease in the percentage of students who received medical
screenings a significant increase in the number of students diagnosed as needing treatment (58 more
students) and in the number of students receiving care (52 more students).
Access to Dental Care
Exhibit 28 shows the number of Head Start children, including those enrolled in Medicaid or CHIP, who have had a
professional dental examination since last year's PIRs were issued; the number of children diagnosed as needing
treatment; and the number of children who have received or are receiving dental treatment. Exhibit 29 highlights
percent change for this data between 2010-11 and 2011-12.
:1II BERK 27
FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
2013 Community Needs Assessment Update
Exhibit 28
Number of Head Start Children Receiving Dental Services, 2011-12
Program
Received Dental
Exam
Diagnosed
as Needing
Treatment
Receiving
Care
Head Start
Seattle Public Schools
435
38
21
United Indians
104
14
11
Denise Louie
168
100
68
FAME
272
90
87
Neighborhood House
178
37
13
Total
1157
279
200
Percent of Total
89.7%
21.6%
15.5%
National Data (%of Total) 17.9% 14.5%
Source: Head Start 2011-12 PIRs, 2013; BERK, 2013.
Exhibit 29
Percent Change for Number of Head Start Children Receiving Dental Services, 2010-11 to 2011-12
Received Diagnosed
Receiving
Program Dental as Needing
Care
Exam Treatment
Head Start
Seattle Public Schools
-4.4%
-29.6%
-59.6%
United Indians
-5.5%
-54.8%
-21.4%
Denise Louie
-14.7%
38.9%
11.5%
FAME
0.7%
-3.2%
2.4%
Neighborhood House
7.2%
19.4%
-58.1%
Total
-3.4%
-0.7%
-17.7%
Source: Head Start 2011-12 PIRs, 2013; BERK, 2013.
■ Nearly 90% of Early/Head Start program students received dental exams in 2011-12, with about 22%
diagnosed as needing treatment and 15.5% receiving care.
■ Compared to 2010-11, there was a 3.4% decrease in the percentage of students who received a dental exam,
and a 17.7% decrease in the percentage of students receiving care.
:1II BERK 28
FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
2013 Community Needs Assessment Update
Lead Levels
Exhibit 30 shows the number of Head Start children diagnosed high with lead levels in 2011-12:
Exhibit 30
Number of Head Start Children Diagnosed with High Lead Levels, 2011-12
#Children Diagnosed w/
#Children Completed
Program
High Lead Levels
Medical Screening
Head Start
Seattle Public Schools
2
377
United Indians
1
108
Denise Louie
0
191
FAME
0
273
Neighborhood House
0
174
Early Head Start
United Indians
0
59
FAME
0
112
Neighborhood House
0
116
Denise Louie
0
60
Total 3 1,470
Percent of Children Screened 0.2%
National Data (% of Total) 0.4% 7.4%
Source: Head Start 2011-12 PIRs, 2013; BERK, 2013.
■ Similar to 2010-11, only three children in the Early/Head Start program, or 0.2% of the children screened,
were diagnosed with high lead levels.
■ Two of the three children diagnosed with high lead levels were in the SPS Head Start program, and the other
student was in the United Indians of All Tribes Foundation Head Start program.
Adolescent Birth Rates
Exhibit 31 shows adolescent birth rates and average annual count by Health Planning Area (HPA) for the 2009-11
three-year average, and the percent change for the rate between the 2008-10 and 2009-11 three-year averages.
:1II BERK 29
FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
2013 Community Needs Assessment Update
Exhibit 31
Adolescent (Age 15-17) Birth Rates (Per 1,000 Females) & Average Annual Count,
2009-11 Three -Year Average; Percent Change, 2008-10 to 2009-11
Health Planning Area
2009-11 Rate
Percent Change
from 2008-10 to
2009-11
2009-11 Average
Annual Count
Delridge
15.1
-12.8%
7.7
Southeast Seattle
15.1
3.4%
11.3
Central Seattle
13.4
-16.1%
7.3
Northwest Seattle
10.9
8.8%
5.3
Beacon-Georgetown-S Park
9.1
-35.7%
6.3
North Seattle
5.9
-9.1%
3.0
W est Seattl e
2.8
1.1%
1.7
Ballard
N/A
N/A
N/A
Cap. Hill -Eastlake
N/A
N/A
N/A
Downtown -First Hill
N/A
N/A
N/A
Fremont -Green I a ke
N/A
N/A
N/A
Northeast Seattle
N/A
N/A
N/A
Queen Anne -Magnolia
N/A
N/A
N/A
Seattle
7.3
-15.4%
48.0
Source: Seattle -King County Public Health, 2013; BERK, 2013.
Notes:
- "N/A" denotes cases where rates and counts are not reported because there were fewer than five cases.
- Since last year's update, the 2008-2010 rates have been updated to reflect 2010 census counts. Thus, the percent change is
based on a different set of numbers than the ones presented in last year's update.
■ The average adolescent birth rate in Seattle during 2009-11 was 7.3 births per 1,000 females, an over 15%
decrease from 2009-10. HPAs in the Central and Southern areas of the city still have much higher adolescent
birth rates than HPAs North of downtown.
■ Only one HPA, Northwest Seattle, saw a substantial increase, of almost 9%, in adolescent birth rate between
2008-10 and 2009-11.
• Several HPAs, including Beacon Hill/Georgetown/Southpark, Central Seattle, Delridge, and North Seattle, saw
significant decreases between 2008-10 and 2009-11.
■ Data has not been reported (due to low counts) for six HPAs, which is an increase from 2008-10, when three
of those HPAs had adolescent birth rate counts high enough to be counted. This demonstrates that those
three HPA's-Ballard, Downtown -First Hill, and Freemont-Greenlake-birth rates have lowered between
2008-10 and 2009-11.
Birth Risk Factors
Birth Risk Factors
Exhibit 32 shows citywide rates and counts for various birth risk factors, from 2008 to 2011.
:1II BERK 30
FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
2013 Community Needs Assessment Update
Exhibit 32
Seattle Birth Risk Factors, 2008-11
2008 2009 2010 2011
Birth Risk Factor Rate Count Rate Count Rate Count Rate Count
Low Bi rth Weight (< 2,500 g) 4.5 6,680 4.9 6,960 4.7 6,967 4.1 6,950
Very Low Birth Weight (< 1,500 g) 0.7 6,680 0.6 6,960 0.7 6,967 0.6 6,950
Care Began in 1st Trimester 83.3 6,125 84.3 6,401 86.5 6,421 86.4 6,344
Late (3rd) or No Prenatal Care 4.2 6,125 3.8 6,401 3.1 6,421 3.5 6,344
Premature 9.7 6,908 8.9 7,166 8.4 7,177 8.2 7,165
Source: Seattle -King County Public Health, 2013; BERK, 2013.
Notes:
- The rate is the percent of births for which the given birth risk factor is present among the births for which it is known.
- Premature rates are estimated by calculating gestational age.
■ Citywide rates have remained relatively stable for all birth risk factors over the last 4 years.
Social Assistance
Exhibit 33 shows the total number of families with children enrolled in Head Start or ECEAP receiving cash benefits or
other services under the TANF or SSI programs in 2011-12, while Exhibit 34 shows the percent change for this data
between 2010-11 and 2011-12.
Exhibit 33
Number of Early / Head Start Families Receiving Assistance under TANF or SSI, 2011-12
# Families
# Families
Total Number of
Program
Receiving TAN F
Receiving SSI
Families
Head Start
Seattle Public Schools
142
22
477
United Indians
24
10
101
Denise Louie
9
2
190
FAME
79
22
255
Neighborhood House
44
8
172
Early Head Start
United Indians
19
5
56
FAME
17
11
89
Neighborhood House
14
6
113
Denise Louie
17
3
60
Total
365
89
1,513
Percent of Total Families
24.1%
5.9%
National Data (%of Total) 16.8%
Source: Head Start 2011-12 PIRs, 2013; BERK, 2013.
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FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
2013 Community Needs Assessment Update
Exhibit 34
Percent Change for Number of Early / Head Start Families Receiving Assistance under TANF or SSI, 2010-11 and 2011-12
Program
# Families
ReceivingTANF
# Families
Receiving SSI
Total Number of
Families
Head Start
Seattle Public Schools
0.0%
22.2%
-1.2%
United Indians
9.1%
25.0%
-2.9%
Denise Louie
-83.0%
-66.7%
-6.9%
FAME
31.7%
144.4%
-6.3%
Neighborhood House
18.9%
-46.7%
2.4%
Early Head Start
United Indians
111.1%
150.0%
14.3%
FAME
-26.1%
266.7%
74.5%
Neighborhood House
-22.2%
-62.5%
27.0%
Denise Louie
-39.3%
-40.0%
-47.8%
Total
-6.9%
8.5%
-1.4%
Source: Head Start 2011-12 PIRs, 2013; BERK, 2013.
■ Similarly to 2010-11, approximately 30% of Early/Head Start families received federal assistance in 2011-12.
Over 80% of these families received TANF funds, with the other 20% receiving SSI funds.
■ The percentage of families receiving TANF funds decreased by 7% between 2010-11 and 2011-12 (27 fewer
families), while the percentage of families receiving SSI funds increased by 8.5% (7 additional families).
Food Stamp Utilization
The Basic Food Program, provided by DSHS, is the federal- and state -funded program for food stamp distribution.
Exhibit 35 shows the number of Basic Food Program clients aged 0-17 served in Seattle and King County, and provides
the average annual growth rates for the totals between 2007-08 and 2011-12.
Exhibit 35
Basic Food Program Clients Served (Ages 0-17), FY 2007-08 through FY 2011-12
2007-2008
2008-2009
2009-2010
2010-2011
2011-2012
Avg. Annual
Growth Rate
Seattle (#)
14,689
17,569
20,852
22,846
24,006
10.3%
Seattle (%)
17.3%
20.6%
24.5%
N/A
N/A
N/A
King County (#)
58,698
75,001
93,532
104,117
109,106
13.2%
King County (%)
14.9%
18.9%
23.6%
25.1%
26.2%
12.0%
Source: Washington Department of Social and Health Human Services, 2013, BERK, 2013.
■ The population of children aged birth to 17 who have been served by the Basic Food program continues to
increase in 2011-12, in both Seattle and King County (although Seattle's rate is increasing at a slower rate
than King Counties).
Exhibit 36 shows the number of all Basic Food Program clients served in Seattle and King County, as well as provides
the average annual growth rates for the totals between 2007-08 and 2011-12.
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FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
2013 Community Needs Assessment Update
Exhibit 36
Basic Food Program Clients Served and Percent of Total Population, FY 2007-08 through FY 2011-12
2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 Avg. Annual
Growth Rate
Seattle (#) 53,636 63,596 77,399 87,481 93,666 11.8%
Seattle (%) 9.0% 10.6% 12.9% N/A N/A N/A
King County (#) 159,144 200,900 252,699 289,119 310,177 14.3%
King County (%) 8.4% 10.5% 13.2% 15.0% 15.8% 13.5%
Source: Washington Department of Social and Health Human Services, 2013; BERK, 2013.
■ A much lower percentage of the total population is served by the Basic Food Program than the population
under 18.
■ There has been a steady increase over the last five years in the number of children and families served by the
Basic Food program, for both Seattle and King County.
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FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
2013 Community Needs Assessment Update
CHILD CARE
Availability of Child Care Services
Child care services can be difficult to find — many have waiting lists — but are important in supporting parents' ability
to work. Child care providers are divided into three categories: child care centers; FCCs; and family, friends, and
neighbor (FFN) care.
FCCs employ licensed individuals who provide child care services in their home, and may care for up to six children at
a time. They do not track the number of children by age, so this analysis estimates that 50% of children in FCCs are
PreK age. FFN care is the most difficult to track, as there are very few mechanisms to collect and analyze this data.
Exhibit 37 lists the number of child care programs in Seattle and their total capacity:
Exhibit 37
Estimated Number of Preschool Child Care Centers and Slots in Seattle, 2012
Child Care Centers
Family Child Care Homes*
Total
Total
Total
Preschool
Preschool
Total
Preschool
Total
Preschool
Preschool
Capacity %
Capacity
Neighborhood Area
Total
Capacity
Capacity
Total
Capacity
Capacity**
Number
Capacity
change
#change
Ballard/Fremont/Wallingford/Greenwood
43
2,540
581
31
259
130
74
711
-3.5%
-26
Beacon Hill/Georgetown/
South Park/Rainier Valley
66
3,704
960
187
1,473
737
253
1,697
-4.9%
-88
Capitol Hill/Madison Park
13
572
139
10
89
45
23
184
-1.6%
-3
Central Area
21
1,065
183
27
207
104
48
287
-7.1%
-22
Delridge/West Seattle
35
1,966
336
92
661
331
127
667
-1.5%
-10
Downtown/Eastlake
21
1,299
451
21
129
65
42
516
-7.5%
-42
Northgate/Lake City
21
753
326
61
474
237
82
563
2.7%
15
Queen Anne/Magnolia
23
1,487
399
8
81
41
31
440
0.5%
2
U-District/Laurelhurst/Wedgewood
45
2,818
869
10
102
51
55
920
3.4%
30
Seattle Total
288
16,204
4,244
447
3,475
1,741
735
5,985
-23%
-144
Source: Child Care Resources, 2013; BERK, 2013.
Notes:
- This table does not include data or estimates for the number of children in family, friend, and neighbor (FFN) care.
- Family child care homes may care for up to six children each.
- It is Estimated that half of children at FCCs are three to five years old.
■ Compared to 2012, there is marginally lower preschool capacity for both child care centers and FCCs,
resulting in a total decrease of 2.3% and 144 slots.
■ Similar to 2011, FCCs account for the majority of facilities, but child care centers have more capacity.
■ Southeast Seattle (Georgetown, South Park, Beacon Hill, and the Rainier Valley) has the most total capacity
and the most capacity for preschool child care, with nearly 1,700 slots.
■ Like in 2012, Central Seattle (Downtown/Eastlake, Capitol Hill/Madison Park, and the Central Area) has the
fewest number of facilities and slots.
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FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
2013 Community Needs Assessment Update
Child Care Assistance for Working Parents
Child care can be a large expense for parents. Preschool child care represented 12-14% of the median household
income in 20074. Exhibit 38 lists the median child care rates in King County and Washington State as well as the
subsidy rate through the Department of Early Learning (DEL).
Exhibit 38
Monthly Median Preschool Child Care Rates, 2012
Median Rate
Median Rate %
Change Between
2010 and 2012
DEL Subsidy
Rate
King County
Chi I d Care Centers
$932
5.0%
$674
Family Child Care Homes
$672
-3.0%
$635
Washington State
Chi I d Care Centers
$715
4.7%
N/A
Family Child Care Homes
$607
7.8%
N/A
Source: Washington State Child Care Resource and Referral Network, 2013; BERK, 2013.
Note: DEL subsidy rates vary by county, so there is no statewide rate.
■ Child care costs increased across the board in Seattle between 2010 and 2012, although the cost for family
child care homes decreased for the county overall.
■ Child care in King County remains substantially more expensive than the State overall.
■ Median tuition rates for child care centers are more expensive than family child care homes.
There are two primary child care assistance programs available to low-income families in Seattle: Working
Connections Child Care (WCCC) and City of Seattle Child Care Assistance program.
Working Connections Child Care
The WCCC Program helps low-income families pay for child care expenses while parents are working, looking for
work, or in an approved training program. This program is funded by state and federal dollars, and is administered by
the DSHS. Eligibility is determined by income. Generally, ECEAP and Head Start families are eligible for the State
WCCC Program.
City of Seattle Child Care Assistance
Child Care Assistance Program. The City of Seattle helps low- and moderate -income working families pay for child
care for children ages one month to 13 years. These subsidies are mainly for working families needing full day child
care who have incomes above the DSHS Working Connections Child Care eligibility limit and up to 300% federal
poverty line. Families can choose from more than approximately 135 licensed family child care homes and centers in
Seattle, which contract with the City to provide high -quality and affordable child care.
At the time of enrollment, the family is given a voucher, which authorizes monthly child care payments to the child
care home or center that they choose from the list provided. The amount of the payment from the City varies
according to the income of the family, age of the child, and hours of care needed. The City typically pays between
4 Child Care Resources, Child Care in King County: Child Care Resources and Referral in King County 2008.
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FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
2013 Community Needs Assessment Update
25% and 80% of a standardized rate, and the family is responsible for paying the difference between that rate and the
provider's regular monthly rate.
Early Learning Network Subsidy (ELN). For families needing full -day care, but who have incomes above the DSHS
Working Connections Child Care eligibility limit, the City of Seattle also provides subsidies to families with children
who are attending Step Ahead Preschool agencies.
Exhibit 39 shows the number of families receiving child care subsidies from the City of Seattle:
Exhibit 39
Number of Families, Served by City of Seattle Child Care Assistance, 2012
Child Care Assistance
ELN Subsidy
Number of
Percent of
Number of
Percent of
Working Status
Families
Total
Families
Total
Full -time Working
323
96.4%
53
93.0%
Part-time Working
4
1.2%
2
3.5%
Full -time Student
6
1.8%
2
3.5%
Pa rt-ti me Student
1
0.3%
0
0.0%
Working Student
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Not Employed
1
0.3%
0
0.0%
Tota 1
335
100.0%
57
100.0%
Source: City of Seattle, Human Services Department 2013, BERK, 2013..
Note: City of Seattle did not provide data for working students in 2012.
■ The ELN program provided subsidy assistance to 57 families in 2012, which is a nearly 80% decrease in
families served from 2011.
■ Most of the families receiving ELN subsidies had a working status of full-time working. Families with a
working status of part-time working or full-time student were also served, but no part-time students or
unemployed families were served.
■ There was a decrease in the number of families served by the Child Care Assistance program in 2012, as well;.
57 fewer families (a percent change of almost 15%) were served by the program in 2012.
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FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
2013 Community Needs Assessment Update
Exhibit 40 shows the number of children, and their age category, served by the City of Seattle Child Care Assistance
and ELN subsidy programs.
Exhibit 40
Number of Children and Age Category, Served by City of Seattle Child Care Assistance, 2012
Child Care Assistance ELN Subsidy
Number of
Percent of
Number of
Percent of
Age Category
Children
Total
Children
Total
Infant
2
0.4%
0
0.0%
Toddler
26
5.6%
0
0.0%
Preschool
160
34.7%
56
96.6%
School Age
273
59.2%
2
3.4%
Tota 1 461 100.0% 58 100.0%
Source: City of Seattle, Human Services Department 2013, BERK, 2013.
■ The number of children receiving ELN subsidies decreased substantially from 274 children to 58 children
between 2011 and 2012. This more than corrected the surge in service between 2010 and 2011, in which
service increased from 69 children to 274 children.
■ Although the number of families served by the Child Care Assistance program decreased in 2012, eight more
children were served by the program in 2012.
:1II BERK 37
FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
2012 Community Needs Assessment Update
Part 3: Program Considerations
The data provided in the 2011 Community Needs Assessment and subsequent updates presents both challenges
and opportunities for Seattle's Early/Head Start, ECEAP, and Step Ahead programs. Based on our findings from
both the 2012 and 2013 Updates, some key considerations for program management include:
■ Consider preparing for increased demands on limited Early/Head Start program resources. The
reallocation of federal grant funding from the United Indians of All Tribes Foundation and FAME
Early/Head Start Programs to the Children's Home Society of Washington and the Puget Sound
Educational Service District could shift some Early/Head Start slots from Seattle to greater King County.
Coupled with decreasing child care resources within Seattle city limits, this may increase demand for
Early/Head Start program resources within the City.
■ Consider evaluating whether the increasing service needs of Southeast Seattle are being met. Not only
does Southeast Seattle have the highest concentration of children under age five living in poverty, trends
indicate the problem is increasing at a faster rate than elsewhere in the City. Over the last five years,
Southeast Seattle had the greatest concentration of schools with a significant percentage point increase
in the number of students receiving free and reduced lunches.
■ Consider evaluating services to Seattle's eligible White population. White children under 5 years old
make up 26% of the children living in poverty citywide, but comprise only 9% of the Early/Head Start
population.
■ Consider establishing additional capacity to serve a potentially increasing ELL population. Although the
Early/Head Start ELL student population did not increase between 2009-10 and 2010-11, trends based on
citywide data and bilingual data from SPS Title I schools indicate a potential increase in the number of
Head Start eligible ELL students in coming years. Bilingual SPS students are increasing at the fastest rate
in Southeast and Central Seattle.
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2012 Community Needs Assessment Update
F=I
Additional Information
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FINAL: 5/1/2013 HEAD START, ECEAP AND STEP AHEAD PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS
Community Needs Assessment: Technical Appendix
Exhibit -Al
Percent of Children Receiving Free/Reduced Lunches, 2006-12
% point
School
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
change
Bailey Gatzert Elementary School
88.0%
90.1%
89.9%
90.3%
93.0%
94.6%
90.7%
-3.9%
Beacon Hill International School
68.2%
69.2%
71.5%
68.6%
69.6%
65.3%
63.3%
-2.0%
Broadview -Thomson K_8 School
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
56.3%
57.8%
63.0%
5.2%
Concord International School
88.9%
86.3%
89.5%
85.0%
85.1%
82.8%
77.8%
-5.0%
Dearborn Park Elementary School
78.1%
76.4%
81.1%
78.1%
80.8%
84.4%
88.1%
3.6%
Dunlap Elementary School
82.8%
82.8%
84.8%
84.8%
90.3%
86.0%
83.9%
-2.1%
Emerson Elementary School
83.2%
78.2%
84.3%
83.2%
84.3%
89.0%
83.6%
-5.4%
Graham Hill Elementary School
52.3%
49.4%
50.8%
46.0%
54.6%
57.7%
66.4%
8.7%
Hawthorne Elementary School
72.9%
76.6%
76.5%
76.6%
88.7%
85.5%
78.6%
-7.0%
Highland Park Elementary School
78.9%
76.3%
74.0%
76.8%
83.3%
83.3%
81.4%
-1.9%
John Muir Elementary School
65.7%
65.4%
63.5%
62.2%
59.8%
58.5%
67.0%
8.5%
Kimball Elementary School
54.5%
59.5%
56.5%
58.5%
61.7%
64.6%
58.7%
-6.0%
Leschi Elementary School
75.2%
70.8%
77.1%
79.7%
69.7%
69.8%
58.1%
-11.7%
Madrona K-8 School
64.8%
67.9%
68.9%
71.0%
73.7%
81.3%
71.7%
-9.6%
Maple Elementary School
64.5%
59.9%
62.2%
63.4%
62.1%
66.6%
63.2%
-3.4%
Martin Luther Kinglr.Elementary School
77.2%
78.7%
85.6%
87.1%
83.1%
90.5%
89.0%
-1.5%
Northgate Elementary School
80.6%
81.3%
81.6%
85.0%
97.7%
88.4%
86.6%
-1.8%
Olympic Hills Elementary School
74.3%
72.4%
73.5%
71.9%
77.8%
74.9%
75.6%
0.7%
Rainier View Elementary School
79.4%
60.6%
N/A
N/A
N/A
68.6%
70.1%
1.5%
Roxhill Elementary School
77.6%
78.4%
77.4%
79.5%
80.5%
80.9%
80.8%
-0.1%
Sanislo Elementary School
45.1%
44.9%
50.2%
49.3%
58.5%
61.3%
68.2%
6.9%
South Shore K-8 School
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58.0%
64.1%
59.7%
-4.4%
Van Asselt Elementary School
80.0%
83.8%
84.0%
83.8%
88.1%
84.0%
82.2%
-1.9%
West Seattle Elementary School
91.1%
87.2%
78.9%
78.7%
92.2%
88.8%
88.1%
-0.7%
Wing Luke Elementary School
71.2%
77.1%
79.1%
79.3%
79.2%
80.7%
83.8%
3.1%
JaneAddams K-8
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
52.0%
45.9%
36.7%
-9.2%
PinehurstSchool
39.0%
39.2%
40.1%
44.9%
50.5%
44.0%
52.5%
8.5%
Thurgood Marshall Elementary
85.3%
84.4%
84.1%
87.5%
46.8%
43.4%
32.6%
-10.8%
BF Day Elementary School
42.5%
43.7%
44.6%
43.2%
46.8%
44.1%
40.7%
-3.4%
Arbor Heights Elementary School
39.0%
34.0%
35.9%
35.8%
44.6%
45.4%
38.6%
-6.8%
Gatewood Elementary School
32.7%
27.2%
34.1%
29.3%
41.8%
41.7%
38.5%
-3.2%
Greenwood Elementary School
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
40.6%
39.2%
27.0%
-12.3%
Pathfinder K-8 School
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
39.2%
38.6%
32.4%
-6.2%
Adams Elementary School
37.0%
33.8%
31.6%
30.3%
37.8%
32.3%
22.8%
-9.4%
Orca K-8 School
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35.1%
36.1%
30.0%
-6.1%
Alki El ementa ry School
30.2%
30.6%
29.1%
30.2%
34.9%
34.6%
25.3%
-9.2%
John Rogers Elementary School
33.9%
36.3%
38.5%
40.3%
32.5%
39.2%
39.2%
0.0%
Stevens Elementary School
38.7%
30.6%
32.4%
32.6%
32.5%
36.7%
39.2%
2.5%
Tops K-8 School
20.9%
23.1%
25.3%
24.8%
29.6%
29.8%
29.3%
-0.6%
Olympic View Elementary School
28.4%
29.5%
28.4%
28.5%
27.7%
29.9%
32.7%
2.8%
Lowell Elementary School
8.4%
7.7%
9.7%
8.0%
23.4%
17.1%
47.6%
30.5%
Sacajawea Elementary School
27.5%
25.8%
28.9%
29.4%
22.3%
22.9%
25.6%
2.7%
Green Lake Elementary School
26.7%
25.6%
26.0%
23.6%
21.2%
17.1%
18.7%
1.6%
John Stanford International Elementary
23.6%
21.1%
26.6%
16.1%
17.2%
17.8%
6.4%
-11.4%
Catharine Blaine K-8School
18.0%
14.2%
16.2%
17.0%
16.6%
15.0%
12.2%
-2.8%
Daniel Bagley Elementary School
24.7%
22.8%
19.0%
15.6%
14.9%
16.8%
13.4%
-3.4%
Lafayette Elementary School
12.2%
13.8%
11.9%
12.0%
14.6%
17.8%
20.2%
2.4%
Wedgwood Elementary School
14.4%
14.6%
12.0%
11.6%
13.5%
11.4%
8.9%
-2.5%
Lawton Elementary School
18.8%
17.1%
14.7%
20.4%
13.2%
12.6%
14.1%
1.6%
Montlake Elementary School
16.0%
13.0%
11.4%
10.8%
12.9%
13.2%
7.1%
-6.0%
Frantz Coe Elementary School
20.0%
18.0%
13.7%
14.2%
11.9%
14.7%
15.2%
0.6%
Laurelhurst Elementary School
14.6%
14.3%
12.3%
13.0%
11.0%
8.5%
9.7%
1.2%
Whittier Elementary School
6.7%
7.1%
7.1%
7.7%
9.7%
11.4%
13.9%
2.5%
John Hay Elementary School
13.6%
10.5%
10.9%
12.0%
9.6%
11.9%
15.4%
3.5%
Schmitz Park Elementary School
10.1%
10.0%
8.3%
11.2%
9.6%
10.5%
12.5%
2.0%
West Woodland Elementary School
11.8%
11.6%
9.1%
8.5%
9.5%
10.9%
N/A
N/A
Thornton Creek Elementary School
9.5%
8.8%
8.1%
7.7%
9.3%
10.7%
7.8%
-2.9%
Bryant Elementary School
8.9%
8.4%
9.3%
9.4%
9.1%
9.6%
6.8%
-2.8%
Salmon Bay K-8School
7.8%
8.1%
8.3%
7.8%
8.6%
12.8%
11.0%
-1.8%
North Beach Elementary School
11.9%
9.2%
7.6%
9.8%
7.7%
11.2%
10.8%
-0.3%
McGilvra Elementary School
9.6%
8.5%
8.3%
9.9%
7.4%
7.6%
15.7%
8.2%
Loyal Heights Elementary School
11.3%
8.9%
8.4%
8.1%
5.4%
6.6%
5.4%
-1.2%
View Ridge Elementary School
2.8%
4.8%
3.8%
2.9%
3.9%
5.9%
5.7%
-0.3%
Source: Seattle Public Schools, 2013; BERK, 2013.
Note: Schools highlighted in Grey are Title 1 Schools.
:ill BERK A-1