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STORMWATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN
LAKESHORE LANDING DEVELOPMENT
RENTON, WASHINGTON
Prepared for:
Harvest Partners
20503 88th Avenue West
Edmonds, Washington 98026
(425) 778-1921 I,
Prepared by:
HIeinfelder, Inc.
240� NE 140th, Suite A101
Bel(e�-ue,Washington 98005
(206) 562-4200
Project �74�0
- 3 2/2
Proposed Lakeshore Landing Development
Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan
February 20, 2006
The engineering material and data contained in this report were prepared under the supervision
and direction and of the undersigned.
KLEINFELDER, INC.
Kevin G. Lakey, RG, PE '
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CONTENTS
1 1NTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Certification 1
1.2 Purpose 1
1.3 SWPPP Format 2
1.4 Scope of Work 2
1.� Roles and Responsibilities 2
2 SITE DESCRIPTION 8 �.
2.1 Site Specific Map 8 -�
2.2 Potential Pollutants 8
3 NPDES CONSTRUCTION PERMIT MONITORING 9
4 SITE CONTROLS 10
4.1 General 10
42 Stormwater BMPs 10
5 SPILL PREVENTION AND RESPONSE PROCEDURES 16
�.1 Potential Spill Areas 16
�.2 Spill Prevention 16
�.3 Spill Response 16
�.4 Spill Reports and Regulatory Notifications 17
�.5 Preventative Maintenance Program 18
�.6 Employee Education Program 18
6 RECORD KEEPING 19
6.1 General 19
6.2 Forms 19
6.3 Record Retention 20
6.4 Reporting 20
7 PLAN REVIEW AND REVISION 21
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CONTENTS (Continued)
Appendix A NPDES Construction Stormwater Discharge Permit
AppendiY B Construction Erosion and Sediment Control Plan
Appendix C Stormwater Pollution Controls �
Appendix D Record Keeping Forms
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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Certification
This Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (S WPPP) was prepared by Kleinfelder for the
Lakeshore Landing Development located at the intersection of Park Avenue and 8`� Street in
� Renton, Washington. This plan was developed specifically to address construction activities
associated with the development of the Lakeshore Landing.
I certify that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision
in accordance x�ith a system designed to assure that quali�ed personnel properly gathered and
evaluated the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the persons who manage the
system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information
submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate and complete.
NAME: Rob King
TITLE: Project Manager
SIGNATURE:
1.2 Purpose
This SWPPP is a general guidance document for use by Harvest Partners in controlling pollutant
releases to surface water bodies from construction activities associated with the proposed
Lakeshore Landing development. This plan fulfills the requirements of the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act (33 USC 307) and the State of Washington Water Pollution Control Law
(Chapter 90.48 RCW), and regulations that address the control of storm water discharges (40
CFR, Parts 122, 123;124 WAC 173-201A, 216, 220, 226). The objectives of this plan for the
construction project are:
• Satisfy the State of Washington Department of Ecology (Ecology) requirements found in
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) and State Waste Discharge
General Permit for Stormwater Discharges Associated with Construction Activity.
• Implement Best Management Practices to reduce, eliminate, or prevent the pollution of
stormwater.
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TABLES AND FIGURES
Figures Page Following Section
Figure 2-1 Site Vicinity 2
Fib re 2-2 Site Plan 2
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• Prevent violations of surface water quality, groundwater quality, or sediment management
standards.
The SWPPP will be used by Har�est Partners to guide and evaluate pollution prevention
strategies to be used for daily construction activities at the proposed Lakeshore Landing
development site. The pollution prevention strategies suggested in this SWPPP are intended to
meet the requirements for pollution control as defined in Special Condition S9 of the referenced
NPDES permit (see Appendix A). If stormwater-monitoring results indicate levels exceeding the
permit parameters, pollution prevention measures will be modified. As other pollution
prevention methodologies are developed,the plan should be modified.
1.3 SWPPP Format
The format and content of the SWPPP is consistent with the criteria defined in Special Condition
S9 of the NPDES Permit. Section 2 describes the site, site drainage and the activities that might
produce stormwater contamination. Section 3 describes the stormwater monitoring activities.
Section 4 describes the various pollution control methods. Section 5 describes spill prevention
and response, and Sections 6 and 7 describe record keeping and plan revisions, respectivel��.
1.4 Scope of Work
The Lakeshore Landing development project consists of approximately 40 acres being
redeveloped as general retail space. During site construction, stormwater will infiltrate into the
ground and/or receive treatment through the use of temporary sediment ponds, Baker Tanks, silt
fencing, catch basin filter inserts, straw bales, and other standards of practice methods. All non-
infiltrated storm water will discharge to the City of Renton sanitary sewer or the public
stormwater sewer system. The public storm�vater sewer eventually discharges into Lake
Washington.
1.5 Roles and Responsibilities
SD Deacon of Belle�-ue, Washington will serve as the general contractor for the Lakeshore
Landing development project. The operations manager for SD Deacon shall be responsible for
implementation of this SWPPP. In the event of an emergency or other unanticipated situation,
' the operations manager will be available 24-hours a day and must be informed immediately. SD
Deacon shall be responsible for the day-to-day oversight of the construction effort, site
supervision, and construction efforts.
Kleinfelder shall be responsible for the stormwater monitoring activities and reportin�.
A list of identified individuals and their phone numbers follows:
U:`1ProjecU�,�i4�0 The Landing',Storm��ater Task?'The Landin�S�4PPP.doc
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SD Deacon
Paul Wight Office: (425) 284-4000 -
Project Engineer Mobile: (206) 853-9�60
Kleinfelder,Inc.
Dennis O'Neill Office: (425) 562-4200
Project Manager Mobile: (425) 922-3359
Harvest Partners will implement available methods to maintain discharge requirements outlined
in the Washington State Department of Ecology NPDES permit, as outlined in this SWPPP. The
S WPPP will be modified whenever self-inspections reveal best management practice (BMP) �
inadequacies and/or when there is a change in design, construction, operation or maintenance of
any BMP which causes the SWPPP implementation to be less effective in controlling potential
pollutants.
A copy of this SWPPP, copies of all Notices of Intent (NOIs), reports on inspections, spill
reports, and all other reports required by the Baseline General Permit shall be retained by Harvest
Partners for at least three(3) years from the date of final stabilization of the construction site.
These shall be made available upon request to Ecology and to the local government agencies �
with jurisdiction.
The contractor will be responsible for constructing and maintaining an adequate stormwater
infiltration system.
The contractor will also be responsible for collecting and disposing of screenings, grit, solids,
sludges, filter backwash, or other pollutants removed from the filter fabric in the drainage
structures, and to ensure these items will not be re-introduced into the storm drain system.
After the site has undergone final stabilization, a 1vTotice of Termination may be submitted.
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2 SITE DESCRIPTION
The project site consists of approximately 40 acres located on the south end of Lake Washington
between Logan Avenue, North 8�' Street, and Garden Avenue, as shown on the Vicinity Map
(Figure 2-1). The site is relatively flat and ranges in elevation from approximately 27 to 30 feet
above mean sea level (msl) w�ith no trending slope. The project site is underlain by 5 to 15 feet of
fill, which consists primarily of varying proportions of silt, sand and gravel. The fill is underlain
by highly variable, discontinuous layers and lenses of soft and loose alluvial and lacustrine soils
extending to depths of approximately 40 to 110 feet below ground surface (bgs).
2.1 Site Specific Map
The site map of Lakeshare Landing (Figure 2-2) shows the construction entrances, and Baker
Tank locations. In addition, the site map shows drainage patterns, drainage structures, discharge
points, and existing stormwater control measures. These features are discussed in the follow7ng
sections. The location of several of these features may change as construction activities continue, '
thus periodic review and updating of the plan is necessary. ,,
Stormwater control measures identified on the map are the existing stormwater containment I
system and Baker Tanks. Control measures for construction activities not identified on the maps,
include filter fences, plastic-covered areas, vegetated areas, straw bale barriers, sediment traps
and other best management practices. These features are discussed in Section 4.
Impervious surface areas on the site amount to less than 20 percent of the total disturbed surface
of the property. Impervious surface areas include paved areas, entrance facilities, and plastic
covered stockpiles.
2.2 Potential Pollutants
Materials that may be exposed to stormwater and possibly impact surfacewater during
construction include:
• Sediment from excavation and stockpiling of soils and re-graded soils
• Concrete
• Oil, grease and fuels from vehicles and machinery
Copyright 2006 Kleinfelder,Inc.
3 NPDES CONSTRUCTION PERMIT MONITORING
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Stormwater monitoring will be conducted once every 7 days and wzthin 24 hours after any storm
event of_ eater than 0.5 inches of rain in a 24 hour eriod. Monitoring will include turbidity and
pH readings and visua �nspec ions o stormwater and sediment erosion control BMPs. Turbidity
and pH readings will�.�e taken with calibrated, hand-held meters. Stormwater shall be visually
examined for the p,'resence of suspended sediment, turbidity, discoloration, and oil sheen.
Inspectors shall ev uate the effectiveness of sediment and erosion control BMPs and determine
if it is necessary o install, maintain, or repair BMPs to improve the quality of stormwater
discharge. Storm. ater monitoring observations and water quality readings will be recorded on
an inspection forr� and maintained in a site log book(see Appendix D).
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4 SITE CONTROLS I!
4.1 General
Special Condition S9 of the NPDES Permit and State Waste Discharge General Pernut requires
the preparation of this plan and requires a description of the stormwater controls appropriate for
the Lakeshore Landing development. This section discusses stormwater BMPs.
� 4.2 Stormwater BMPs
BMPs are schedules of activities, prohibitions of practices, maintenance procedures and other
ph}rsical, structural and/or managerial practices to prevent or reduce the pollution of waters of the
state. BMPs include treatment systems, operating procedures, and practices to control runoff,
spillage or leaks, and waste disposal.
Implementing appropriate stormwater management practices as well as structural and
nonstructural control measures, such as containment, debris and sediment control, stormwater
diversion, and site stabilization can reduce pollutants in stormwater runof£ To be effective,
B'_VIPs must be planned before construction activities begin, installed promptly, and properly
maintained.
4.2.1 Erosion and Sediment Control
To reduce the debris and sediment in the stormwater discharge, the BMPs listed below will be
implemented. Effective installation of these BMPs is paramount. A Temporary Sediment and
Erosion Control Plan is detailed in Appendix B. The detailed installation guidelines and
specifications for many of the BMPs discussed below can be found in Appendix C.
Source Control BMPs
• BMP C 101: Preserving Natural Vegetation
• BMP C10�: Stabilized Construction Entrance
• BMP C 107: Construction Road/Parking Area Stabilization
• BMP C 121: Mulching (if necessary)
• BMP C 123: Plastic Covering (if necessary)
• BMP C124: Sodding (if necessary)
• BMP C125: Topsoiling
• BMP C 140: Dust Control (if necessary)
• BMP C150: Materials on Hand
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• B�1P C 151: Concrete Handling
• BMP C 152: Sawcutting and Surface Pollution Prevention
Runoff, Conveyance, and Treatment BMPs
• BMP C2Q0: Interceptor Dike and Swale(if necessary)
• BMP C207: Check Dams (if necessary)
• BMP C220: Storm Drain Inlet Protection
• BMP C230: Straw Bale Barrier
• BMP C233: Silt Fence
• BMP C250: Construction Stormwater Chemical Treatment (Carbon Dioxide Treatment
Only, as necessary) �
Source Control BMPs
BMP C101 — Preserving Natural Vegetation. Limiting site disturbance is the single most
effective method for reducing erosion.
BMP C10� — Stabilized Construction Entrance. Construction entrances will be stabilized �
with quarry spalls and/or crushed rock to reduce the amount of sediment transported onto paved
roads. Additional spalls or crushed rock shall be added if the entrance is no longer performing
adequately.
BMP C107 — Construction Road/Parking Area Stabilization. Construction access roads and
parking areas will be stabilized ��ith hog fuel (wood-based mulch) or crushed rock to reduce
erosion caused by construction traffic. Additional material w711 be added as required to maintain
a stable driving surface.
BMP C121 — Mulching. Used to temporarily stabilize areas that have been planted. Hydro-
mulch protects the soil surface from raindrop impact and reduces the velocity of overland surface
water flow. Straw and wood fiber mulch can be used to stabilize small areas that experience
erosion problems. Mulch also enhances plant establishment by conserving moisture and
moderating soil temperatures.
BMP C123 — Plastic Sheet Cover. May be used to provide immediate short-term erosion
protection to slopes, stockpiles and disturbed areas when vegetation cover cannot be established
because of soil characteristics, slope steepness, or time of year.
BMP C124 — Sodding. May be used to establish immediate erosion protection and to stabilize
areas where concentrated overland flow will occur.
BMP C125—Topsoiling. Provides an integral component for permanent cover. I
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BMP C140 — Dust Control. Used to reduce the amount of soil lost from exposed surfaces
during dry periods. Typical dust control includes road watering, temporary and permanent
vegetation, and plastic covering.
BMP C150 — Materials On Hand. Erosion protection materials shall be kept on-site to be used
for emergency, or other unplanned situations. Materials shall include plastic sheeting,
drainpipes, sand bags, geotextile fabric, and erosion control blankets. Having materials on hand
eliminates procurement time and thus ensures that any problems will be fixed quickly.
BMP C1�1BMP C152 — Concrete Handling/Sawcutting and Surfacing Pollution
Pre��ention. Slurry and process water occurring from sawcutting and surfacing operations w711 be
managed in such a way as to minimize and eliminate process water and slurry from enterinQ
waters of the state. y
Runoff, Conveyance, and Treatment B1�Ps
BMP C2Q0 — Interceptor Dike and Swale. Used to convey runoff from protected areas to a
stabile erosion control structure, or to intercept runoff from unprotected areas and convey it to a
location w�here erosion can be controlled(infiltration/dispersion area or stormwater pond).
BMP C207 — Check Dams. May be constructed across drainage swales or ditches to reduce
water velocity, in order to reduce channel erosion and trap small amounts of sediments. Check
' dams can be constructed of rock or pea-gravel filled bags.
BMP C220 — Storm Drain Inlet Protection. Storm drain inlets operable in the construction
area will be maintained properly to control the discharge of solids to Lake Washington. Catch
basins will be protected from sediment accumulation by using filter fabric. All storm drain inlets
in the project area will be inspected and maintained as necessary at least once a week, or when
there is a 24-hour rain event greater than 0.5 inches. Clogged or damaged filters will be replaced.
BMP C230 — Straw Bale Barrier. May be used to intercept and detain small amounts of
sediment from disturbed areas. Straw bales are among the least effective BMPs and should only
be used as small dams to create sediment traps and reduce velocit�-.
BMP C233 — Silt Fence. Used to reduce the transport of coarse sediment from a construction
site by providing a temporary physical bacrier and reducing runoff velocities. The barrier should
be removed once good vegetation is established in the area of concern.
BMP C250 — Construction Stormwater Chemical Treatment (Carbon Dioxide Treatment
Only). The construction stormwater permit allows Carbon Dioxide (COZ) treatment to adjust or
neutralize high pH using an appropriate BMP such as CO� sparging or dry ice. Written approval
from the Department of Ecology is not required (see Special Condition S4.D.�.b. in the
Construction Stormwater General Permit).
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4.2.2 Potential Pollutants Other Than Sediment
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The following activities will involve pollutants other than sediment:
• Repairs and Service of Equipment
• Fueling of Equipment and Vehicles
• Use of Chemicals During Construction
• Accumulation of Waste
• Storage of Hazardous Materials
• Concrete Activities
These activities must be appropriately managed to prevent the exposure of pollutants with
stormwater. BMPs described below will be followed to assure that stormwater is not affected.
Spills should be cleaned up as described in section 5.
Based on the Washington State Department of Ecology Stormwater Manual, listed below aze
applicable BMPs for this project and a discussion of how they will be implemented.
� Mobile fueling of vehicles and heavy equipment
• Maintenance and repair of vehicles and equipment
• Concrete trucks/spray washing of exposed aggregate
• Solid waste handling and disposal '
• Use of chemicals during construction
• Managing hazardous products
• Treatment and disposal of contaminated soils
Mobile Fueling of Vehicles and Heavy Equipment. Mobile fueling will be conducted using
diesel fuel only. Spill and drip controls will be implemented, such as automatic shut off valves
and drip pans or adsorbent pads at each fueling location. The fueling centers should be located at
least 25 feet away from the nearest storm drain or should be within an impervious containment
area. Adequate lighting will be available at the fueling center. Spill clean-up materials w-ill be
kept readily available in the event of a spill. These items include non-water adsorbents capable
of adsorbing 15 gallons of fuel; a storm drain plug; non-water adsorbent containment booms a
minimum of 10 feet in length with 12-gallon adsorbent capacities; a non-metallic shovel; and two
five-gallon buckets with lids.
Maintenance and Repair of Vehicles and Equipment. Good housekeeping practices will be
implemented. Equipment and vehicles will be inspected and maintained on a regular basis to
prevent accidental spills and/or leaks. Major equipment maintenance will be performed at a
properly permitted off-site location. Routine maintenance activities, such as oil changes, will
occur on site. Also, heavy equipment that cannot leave the project site without being hauled on a
trailer or truck will be worked on at the project site, provided this work will be performed in a
designated area and best management practices are implemented. This will ensure that
equipment used at the site operates properly and does not contribute to stormwater
contamination.
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Waste containing oil and lubricants (e.g., oil cans, rags, paper, etc.) will be disposed of in proper
receptacles. Waste oil for recycling will not be mixed with degreasers, solvents, antifreeze, or
brake fluid. Fuels, oils and grease will not be stored on site.
Concrete Trucks/Spray Washing of Exposed Aggregate. Washout from concrete trucks and
concrete cutting waste will be properly disposed of. This waste will not be dumped into the
sanitary sewer, storm drains or onto pavement. A first alternative for this waste will be to
discharge it onto exposed soils at the site. Care must be taken not to create a dump pit of this
waste.
Solid Waste Handling and Disposal. No waste will be dumped in the sanitary sewer or storm
drain system. Waste oil will not be stored on site. If needed, adequate areas will be provided on
site for the accumulation of solid waste. Waste containers will be labeled, located in covered and
contained areas and lids will be kept closed at all times. Whenever possible useful materials will
be salvaged and recycled. Fuels, oils and grease will not be stored on site.
Use of Chemicals During Construction. Good housekeeping will be implemented as a method
of controlling chemical pollutants. All chemicals on site must be managed to prevent
contamination of stormwater run-off: They are to be stored in covered and contained areas.
Also, chemicals will be applied per the recommended directions and amounts to further reduce
pollution. Any left over chemicals will be properly disposed of. Corrosive liquids will be kept
away from flammable liquids.
Managing Hazardous Products. All materials used in construction, as well as mobile and
stationary equipment, will be considered potential waste generation sources. The majority of
these wastes will be generated at the construction site. Potential waste such as solvents, paints,
batteries, strong acid and alkaline wastes and paint removers are all considered dangerous wastes
and will be disposed of in accordance with standazds listed on the individual containers. Only
products that are needed will be bought and used. Leftovers will be stored, re-used, recycled ar
properly disposed o£
i '
Products will be kept in original containers and will be properly labeled. Chemicals wzll not be
mixed unless recommended by the manufacturer, and they w-ill be used only in well-ventilated
areas. Proper personal protective equipment and clothing will be used. Containers will not be
disposed of until the entire product has been used or removed from the container.
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Copyri�ht?006 Ikleinfelder,Inc.
5 SPILL PREVENTION AND RESPONSE PROCEDURES
This section identifies potential spill areas and procedures for spill prevention, response and
reporting.
5.1 Potential Spiil Areas
The highest risk for spills is posed by vehicle and equipment fueling and maintenance. Fueling
and maintenance will occur in designated areas only. Fuels, oils and grease used for equipment
operation and maintenance will not be kept on site.
5.2 Spill Prevention
Careful transfer of materials into properly designed storage tanks placed within secondary '
containment structures can help avoid spills. Motor oils and hydraulic oils should not be
disposed of on the ground. Specific containers should be provided for their storage and disposal.
Equipment should be maintained to reduce the number of fuel and oil leaks. BMPs outlined in
section 4.2.2 will be employed onsite to reduce spills. Spills should be cleaned up immediately.
5.3 Spill Response
If significant materials or wastes are spilled and pose a threat to surface waters, employees must
immediately notify the operations manager at the site. The operations manager will work to
prevent the spill from spreading and evaluate the spill for the appropriate response:
• Small spills will be managed with absorbent material to contain and soak up liquid.
• Larger spills will be managed with absorbent material and by placing a dike around the
spill area.
Employees in a real or potential emergency situation will follow these instructions:
� Employees will notify the operations manager or his designee as soon as a potential
emergency is identified.
• The operations manager will direct on-scene management and cleanup.
• Depending on the severity of the incident, the operations manager w�ill notify the
appropriate response unit, as well as state or federal agencies (see Section 5.4).
Copyright 2006 Rleinfelder,Inc.
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• The operations manager w�ill direct off-site spill response units to the scene and provide
information about the facility.
• Potential ignition sources will be extinguished. Ditches neaz spills �r711 be plugged or
diked.
• Suitable access will be maintained to allow unobstructed entry of emergency response
units.
Absorbent materials used to control and soak up contaminants will be placed in 9 mil-thick
plastic bags. The bags w�ill be placed in 55 gallon drums, properly labeled, and transferred to a
temporary on-site storage area. The operations manager will then evaluate the waste material for '
proper disposal options.
Equipment used to respond to significant material spills will be maintained on site in the
equipment maintenance area. A spill kit will be kept at designated fueling areas. The equipment
will be used only for response to spills, and will be decontaminated or replaced immediately after
each response.
After the incident, the operations manager w-ill be responsible for recovering materials and
wastes, including their proper handling, storage, and disposal. The operations manager w-ill
review the cause of the incident, the response actions, the cleanup, and other pertinent issues or
, circumstances. The information will be used to evaluate the emergency procedures, training
requirements, or any combination of these that may need to be modified to reduce the chance of ,
such incidents from reoccurring.
The operations manager will make this plan available to site employees and will coordinate
appropriate training for its proper implementation.
5.4 Spill Reports and Regulatory Notifications
If an incident arises where a release of hazardous materials may adversely impact stormwater
runoff, the operations manager (or his designee) will immediately call the Washington
Emergency Response System (800-258-5990) and the National Emergency Response Center
(800-424-8802). When reporting the incident the following information will be provided:
• Name and telephone number of person reporting the incident
• Name and address of the facility
• Time, date, and duration of the incident
• Type of incident
• Quantity and type of hazardous material involved
Copyri�ht 2006 Kleinfelder,Inc.
• Number of persons, if any, exposed or injured
• Potential off-site hazards to human health or the environment
Spills must be documented in writing by the operations manager wzthin a reasonable amount of
time. The written report will be submitted to senior staff for review. If the operations manager
believes that there may be an off-site threat, the appropriate local authorities will be notified.
If required by the City of Renton, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or Ecology, the written
report detailing the incident will be sent to the appropriate office within 15 working days of the
incident. The report will contain, at a minimum, the information required in the Code of
Federal Regulations,40 CFR 265.56(j).
5.5 Preventative Maintenance Program
Routine preventative maintenance is crucial to reducing the amount of pollutants discharged with
stormwater runoff. A regular program of inspection, cleaning, and repairing of equipment used
on site as well as the storm���ater control structures should be conducted throughout the year.
5.5.1 Inspection ,
Areas where potential spills of significant materials could impact stormwater runoff are to be
inspected on a regular basis. Stormwater control structures should be inspected at least weekly
for the presence of non-stormwater discharges at all stormwater discharge outfalls. At a
minimum, the inspection should include visual observations of the presence of floating and
suspended material, oil and grease sheen, discoloration, turbidity and odor.
5.6 Employee Education Program
An employee education program will inform personnel of the components and goals of the
SWPPP, and will address spill response procedures, good housekeeping and materials
management practices. All employees will be given an overview of the goals and objectives of
the SWPPP, spill response procedures and housekeeping practices, as well as training in
materials handling practices specifically related to their jobs.
If the SWPPP is modified, personnel should be notified of the changes before they are
implemented.
Copyright 2006 Kleinfelder,Inc.
6 RECORD KEEPING
6.1 General
Intormation must be recorded and maintained at the site on spills or leaks of significant materials
that may have impacted stormwater runoff (i.e., fuels), corrective actions and surface water
discharges, if applicable.
Inspection and maintenance of stormwater controls should also be documented. The inspection
report (see Appendix D) should be used whenever a stormwater control is inspected. The
identity, description, and status should be recorded. Initial action, such as cleaning or repairing,
should be noted. Follo��-up action, if needed, should also be documented. The form is to be
signed by the inspector.
The inspection check sheet is used to document the weekly inspection (required �ihen runoff
occurs) of the stormwater controls. An authorized representative of the Lakeshore Landing
development project should review and sign the check sheet.
6.2 Forms
VVritten records should be maintained for the following activities:
• Inspections of stormwater control structures and equipment.
• Visual observations of stormwater outfall discharge.
• Sample collection and laboratory analytical results.
• Incidents of spills or leaks of significant materials that could impact stormwater runoff,
including corrective actions.
• I�-laintenance activities such as cleaning and repairing stormwater controls and any
treatment facilities should also be documented on the appropriate forms.
Record forms must be filled out completely and include the follow�ing information where
appropriate.
• The date, exact place, time and methods of sampling measurements or obser�ations.
• The individual(s) ��-ho performed the sampling measures or obser��ations.
Cop}�ri�ht�006 I�leinfelder,Inc. �
• The date(s) analyses were performed.
• The analytical techniques and methods used.
• The results of such analyses.
6.3 Record Retention
All report forms and other records related to stormwater management under this plan and the
Construction Stormwater General NPDES Permit, will be retained for a minimum period of three
years after construction is complete. This period may be extended by a request from Ecology at
any time.
6.4 Reporting
Any noncompliance with the NPDES Permit or the Agreed Order must be reported to Ecology.
An oral report shall be made by telephone within 24 hours from the time of first knowledge of
the incident to Ecology w�hen turbidity sampling indicates that turbidity is 250 Nephelometric
Turbidity Units (NTLJ) or greater. '
A written report shall follow� the oral report ���ithin five ��-orking days, and shall, at a minimum,
contain:
• A description of the noncompliance and its cause.
• The period of noncompliance, including exact dates and times.
• The estimated time noncompliance is expected to persist if it has not been corrected.
• Steps taken or planned to reduce, eliminate, and prevent reoccurrence of the
noncompliance.
Note: Ecology may waive the written report on a case-by-case basis if the oral report has been '
received within 24 hours. '
Discharge Monitoring Reports must be submitted to the Department of Ecology each month
within 1� days of the end of each month following discharge to the public stormwater sewer.
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7 PLAN REVIEW AND REVISION '
This lan will be reviewed and vi ed I�'!
p re s as necessary. The plan review will mclude a complete I
site inspection of all areas where potential spills of significant materials could potentially impact I,
stormwater runoff. The plan should be amended if more effective and field proven control �
technology is available that will significantly reduce the likelihood of pollution from stormwater I
discharge to receiving waters.
Any amendments to this SWPPP shall be certified by a person knowledgeable in stormwater
'�, management and familiar with the facility in accordance w7th NPDES Permit.
This SWPPP should be revised and updated as necessary to include modifications in site
, conditions, new or revised regulatory requirements, and additional on-site stormwater pollution
controls. The engineer's approval covers only the revisions made by the engineer.
SWPPP Revision Documentation Form
Revision Revision Revision Approved
Number Date Author by
,- 0 February 2006 Kleinfelder,Inc. KGL
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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Appendix A
NPDES CONSTRUCTION STORMWATER DISCHARGE
PERMIT
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Appendix B
CONSTRUCTION EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
PLAN
Appendix C
STORMWATER POLLUTION CONTROLS
,
,
BMP SPECIFICATION LIST
Source Control BMPs
• BMP C101: Preserving Natural Vegetation
• BMP C 1 O5: Stabilized Construction Entrance
� BMP C 107: Construction Road/Parking Area Stabilization
� BMP C 121: Mulching(if necessary)
� BMP C 123: Plastic Covering (if necessary)
• BMP C 124: Sodding (if necessary)
• BMP C 125: Topsoiling
• BMP C 140: Dust Control(if necessary)
• BMP C150: Materials on Hand
� BMP C 151: Concrete Handling
• BMP C152: Sawcutting and Surface Pollution Prevention
Runoff, Conveyance, and Treatment BMPs
• BMP C200: Interceptor Dike And Swale (if necessary)
• BMP C207: Check Dams (if necessary) '
• BMP C220: Storm Drain Inlet Protection '
• BMP C230: Straw Bale Barrier
• BMP C233: Silt Fence
• BMP C250: Construction Stormwater Chemical Treatment (Carbon
Dioxide Treatment Only, if necessary)
Source:
Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington. Publication
No. 99-12. August 2000.
Appendix D
RECORD KEEPING FORMS
'
SPILL RESPONSE REPORT I'
Name: Date: Time:
Location:
Notifications: Facility spill coordinator Yes No
Outside Agencies Yes No
If so,please list:
Chemicals of Concern:
Quantity spilled:
Controlled on site: Yes No:
If not, please explain:
Spil� Response Procedures: Notify the operations manager immediately if materials or wastes
are spilled and pose a serious threat to surface waters. The operations manager will work to
prevent the incident from spreading and direct employees in the appropriate spill response
procedures.
Small spills will be managed on-site with dry absorbent, absorbent booms ar pads. Cover the
spill immediately with absorbent, while cleanup alternatives are e��aluated.
Larger spills will be managed by placing a temporary containment device (e.g. absorbent boom,
pad or dike) at a strategic downgradient location to protect the nearest stormwater conveyance
structures (e.g. drainage channel, etc.).
Equipment available on site in the equipment maintenance area will include shovels, absorbent
booms and pads, barrier w�arning tape, plastic garbage bags, 55-gallon metal drums, rubber
gloves, and safety glasses. In addition, a spill kit will be kept at designated fueling areas. The
equipment will be used for emergency spill response only, and will be decontaminated or
replaced immediately after each response.
Used absorbent will be placed into 9-mil-thick plastic bags, properly labeled and transferred to a
temporary on-site storage area.
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PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE REPORT
MONTH/YEAR:
FACILITY NAME:
LOCATION:
1NSPECTION PO1NT:
DESCRIPTION: (Circle)
Control Potential Treatment Material Other
Structure Spill Area System Handling Facility
STATLTS: (Circle)
Working Dirty Plugged Damaged Spill
(Describe) '
INITIAL ACTION: (Circle)
None Cleaned Repaired Reported
FOLLOW-UP ACTION: (Describe)
Inspected by: Reviewed by: II
Supervisor �
Name Name
Title Title
Date Date
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i
STORMWATF.R VISUAL MONITORING R�CORD
NPDES STORMWATER DISCHARGE PERMIT
TiME SAMPLL' F[,OW FLOATING COLOR& O1L SAMPLE BTL. COMMENTS/
POiNT �STIMATED SOLIDS FOAM SHEEN* NO AC"1'lON TAKEN
C;PM Y/N Y/N
* I C yes, collect and analyze sample for oil and grease. '
DAT�: RAINFALL:
TIME: OBSERVER:
Copyright 2006 Kleinfelder,lnc.
Appendix A
NPDES CONSTRUCTION STORMWATER DISCHARGE
PERMIT
��sT,irg�.n
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0
�''Z isae�' '
STATE Of WASHfNGTON I,
DEPARTMENT O� ECOLOGY '
PO Sox 47600 •Olympia, WA 98504-7b00• ?b0-407-6000
TTY 717 or 800-833-6388(for the speech or hearing impaired)
February 2l, 2006
N1i. Scott Evans
SD Deacon ,
2.375 130`h Avenue N..E.., Suite 200
Bellevue, WA 98005
Deai Mi., Evans: ! I�i
RE: Construction Stotmwater Genetal Permit
Peimit Nurr�bec: WAR-006810
�
Site Name: The Landing
Location: Intersection of Park Avenue& 8�'Street
Renton King County -
Dishubed Acres: 35
Receiving Watez: Lake Washington �'
Ihe Washingtan Department of Ecology(Ecology)has i�eviewed youi application for coveiage
undet the constzuction stoimwater geneial permit,and has decided to issue permit covezage
effective Febivaty 21,2006. Please r�etain this per�mit cover�age letter with your•permit ;
(enclosed), stormwater pollution preven�ion plan (SWPPP), and site log book. It is the
ofiicial record of peiv�it coverage for your site.
This lettec explains some of the new iequuements in the new consnuction stoimwatec geneiai
permit, Plea.se take time to read the new peimit,and contact Ecology if you have any questions.
Inspections
• You must conduct weelcly visual inspections of your site to ensure your best management
ptactices (BMPs) are functioning piopeily.
• Beginning October 1, 20U6,you must use a Ceitified Erosion and Sediment Cont�oI Lead
(CESCL)to do inspections of youi site..Ecology maintains a list of t�aining classes to
obtain CESCL certification.Ecology has a list of CESCL txaining cot.uses on its website
• Refei to Gondition S4 (pages 10-12)foi more infoimation..
Sampling and Analysis
• Beginrung Octobei 1,2006,sites five ac��es and greatet must sample stoimwater dischaiges
for hubidity using a turbidity meter..
• Beginning Octobei 1,2006,sites one acre and gieatei must sample stormwater dischaiges
for pH,if the pioject involves engineered soiis(cement kiln dust,etc)oi ovec 1000,yds3 of
poured or iecycled concrete �;
• Beginning Octobei 1,2008, sites less than five acres must sample theii stormwater
discharges for turbidity using a tur�bidity meter or t�ansparency tube.. ;
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Iv��. s�orc E�ans �
Page 2 �
Febivary 21, 2006
� The peimit sets benchmaik(target)levels foi tuibidity,transpar•enc,y, and pH. When
discharge sannples exceed a benchmark,then you must follow additional peimit
requu ements.
• Additianal infoimation regatding sampling and repocting will be sent to you prioi to October
2006..
�
• Refer to Condition S4 (pages 14-15)fot more infocmation. ;
Discharges to Impaired R'aterbodies
• If�yout site discha�ges into an impaired watei body that is on the 303(d)list foi ti.ubidity,
fine sediment,high pH,oi phosphorus,additional sampling may be required �
i
• See Condition S8(pages 18-21)foi moie infoimation_ '
• EPA iecentl,y approved the 2004 303(d)list,which includes water bodies not previously on
the.303(d} lis�. Ecology will be reviewing the newly approved list and will notify you if any �
additional sampling requirements apply to you
Stormwater Pollution Prevention Ptan
• bach site must have a Stormwatec Pollution Prevention Plan(SWPPP}which desciibes the
eiosion and sediment conn�ol meastues used on the site to piotect water quality. Ihe SWPPP
�equir�ements are contained in Condition S9 (pages 21-29).
• Remembei to keep youi SVdPPP updated. Ihe pecmit contains specific timelines foi
SWPPP updates based on inspection results by the site inspector oi Ecology.
Permit Tr�ansfer
• When you seIl or tiansfet opetational cont�ol of�all, or a pottion, of yo�.0 site to one oz more
new operatoi(s),peimit covei�age must also be uansferied..
• Io transfec petmit covei�age,submit a Tiansfer of Covecage foim to Ecology -
Notice of'Termination ,
• Pecmit coveiaae may be teiminated(cancelled)when the site has undetgone final
stabilization��ith petmanent vegetation oi equivalent measures which pievents erosion,
• Io teiminate peimit coverage, submit a Notice of Ietmination(NOI}to Ecology If you do
not submit a NOT,,you will remain responsible for petm.it compliance and permit fees.
� Refer to CondiUon S10 on page 29 fot more infoimation
Appeal of Permit Cover•age
Ihe tetms and conditions of a general petmit,as they apply ta an individual discharger,can be
appealed within 30 days of the effective date of coveiage of that dischacgei (see Chapte� 43_21 B
RCV�.. This appeal is limited to the gene2al pecmit's applicability oi non-applicability to a
specific discharger.
;
1�1r Scott Evans
Page 3
Febtuaiy 21,2006
Ihe procedures and i�equuements for the appeal ptocess as�e conta.ined in RCW 43..21 B310. �
{"RCW" is the Revised Code of�Washington) Appeals should be diz�ected to:
Pollution Contcol Heaiings Board Department of Ecology
PO Box 40903 Appeals Coordinator
Olympia, Washington 98504-0903 P..O. Box 47608
OIympia,Washington 98504-7608
Questions
Ecology is committed to providing assistance to you Please review ouc weh page at
h�://www�.ec� o�v/pro�ams/wq/stormwate�/const�uction/ ,
For questions about transfers,terminatians,and othe� administiative issues,please contact
Tammie McChue at 360-407-7229 or trncc461@ecy..wa.gov.
� Ecolagy Regional Assistance
If you have questions regacding stoimwatei management issues at your construction site,please
contact Ctuistophei Dew(425-649-4484)of'Ecology's Noithwest Regional Office in Bellevue.
If you have questions regarding this letter;please ca11 Tammie McCiure at 360-407-7229..
Sincerely,
� �. ���
ancy L:Wintei•s, Section Managei
Program Development Seivices Section � i
Watei Quality Progr am ; I
Enclosure: Constcuction Storrnwater Genetal Peimit
cc: Ecology Peimit Fee Unit, HQ
Stocmwatet File, HQ
CYuistaphez Dew, Ecology,NWRO ;
�
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Issuance Date: November 16, 2005 '
Effective Date: December 16,2005 I
Expiration Date: December 16, 2010 I
CONSTRUCTION STORMWATER GENERAL PERMIT
I National Pollutant Dischar e Elimination S stem DES and State Waste I'�
g Y � )
i Discharge General Permit for Stormwater Discharges Associated With
Construction Activity
State of Washington
Department of Ecology
Olympia, Washington 98504-7600
In compliance with the provisions of
The State of Washington Water Pollution Control Law
Chapter 90.48 Revised Code of Washington
and
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act
(The Clean Water Act)
Title 33 linited States Code, Section 1251 et seq.
Until this permit expires, is modified or revoked, Permittees that have properly obtained
coverage under this general permit are authorized to discharge in accordance with the special and
general conditions which follow.
��
David C. Peeler, Manager
Water Quality Program
Washington State Department of Ecology
Paae � of 46 I
v TABLE OF CONTENTS I�'
SliMMARY OF PERI�IIT REPORT SUBMITTALS.....................................................................3
SUMMARY OF REQUIRED ON SITE DOCUMENTATION.....................................................3 �
SPECIAL CONDITIONS
S 1. PERNIIT COVERAGE........................................................................................................4 �
S3. COMPLIANCE WITH STANDARDS...............................................................................9
S4. MOIVITORING REQUIREMENTS..................................................................................10 i
S5. REPORTING AND RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS.........................................15 I
S6. PER�'��IT FEES...................................................................................................................18
S7. SOLID AND LIQL'ID �'ASTE DISPOSAL ....................................................................18 I
S8. DISCHARGES TO 303(d) OR TMDL WATERBODIES................................................18
S9. STORMWATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN..................................................21
S 10. NOTICE OF T'ERMINATION..........................................................................................29
GENERAL CONDITIONS ...........................................................................................................30
G1. DISCHARGE VIOLATIONS ...........-•••-•..........................................................................30
G2. SIGNATORY REQLJIREMENTS.....................................................................................30
G3. RIGHT OF INSPECTION AND ENTRY.........................................................................31
G4. GENERAL PERMIT MODIFICATION AND REVOCATION......................................31
G5. REVOCATION OF COVERAGE UNDER THE PERMIT .............................................31
G6. REPORTING A CAUSE FOR MODIFICATION............................................................32
G7. COMPLIANCE WITH OTHER LAWS AND STATUTES............................................32
G8. DUTY TO REAPPLY.......................................................................................................32
G9. TRANSFER OF GENERAL PERMIT COVERAGE......................................................32
G10. REMOVED SUBSTANCES .............................................................................................33
Gl 1. DUTY TO PROVIDE INFORMATION..........................................................................33
G 12. OTHER REQUIREMENTS OF 40 CFR...........................................................................33
G13. ADDITI�NAL MOI�tITORING........................................................................................33
G14. PENALTIES FOR VIOLATING PERNIIT CONDITIONS .............................................33
G15. UPSET..............................................................................................................................34
G16. PROPERTY RIGHTS........................................................................................................34
G17. DUTY TO COMPLY........................................................................................................34
G 18. TOXIC POLLUTANTS.....................................................................................................34
G 19. PENALTIES FOR TANIPERING.....................................................................................35
G20. REPORTING PLANNED CHANGES..............................................................................35
G?1. REPORTING OTHER II�rFORMATION..........................................................................35
Page 3 of 46
G22. REPORTIIv'G ANTICIPATED NON-COMPLIANCE....................................................35
G23. REQLJESTS TO BE EXCLUDED FROM COVERAGE LTNDER THE PERMIT..........36
G24. APPEALS ..........................................................................................................................36
G25. SEVERABILITY...............................................................................................................36
G26. BYPASS PROHIBITED....................................................................................................36
APPENDIX A—DEFINITIONS...................................................................................................39
APPENDIXB—ACRONYMS .....................................................................................................46
SUMMARY OF PERMIT REPORT SUBMITTALS
Refer to the Special and General Conditions for additional submittal requirements.
Permit Submittal Frequency First Submittal Date
Section
SS.A High Turbidity/Transparency Phone As Necessary Within 24 hours
Reporting �
SS.B Discharge Monitoring Report Monthly Within 15 days after the
applicable monitoring
period
SS.F Noncompliance Notification As necessary Immediately
S�.F Noncompliance Notification— Written As necessary Within 5 Days of non-
Report compliance
G2. Notice of Change in Authorization As necessary
G6. Permit Application for Substantive As necessary
Changes to the Discharge
G8. Application for Permit Renewal 1/permit cycle No later than 180 days
before expiration
G9. Notice of Permit Transfer As necessary
G20. Notice of Planned Changes As necessary
G22. Reporting Anticipated Non-compliance As necessary
SUMMARY OF REQUIRED ON SITE DOCUMENTATION
Permit Conditions Document Title
Conditions S2, SS Permit Covera e Letter
Conditions S2, SS Construction Stormwater General Permit
Conditions S4, SS Site Lo Book
Conditions S9, SS Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP)
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Page 4 of 46
SPECIAL CONDITIONS
S1. PERMIT COVERAGE
A. Permit Area
This general permit covers all areas of Washington State, except for federal and tribal
lands specified in S1.D3.
B. Operators Required to Seek Covera�e Under this General Permit:
1. Operators of the following construction activities are required to seek coverage under
this permit:
a. Clearing, grading and/or excavation which results in the disturbance of one or
more acres, and discharges stormwater to surface waters of the state; and clearing,
grading and/or excavation on sites smaller than one acre which are part of a larger
common plan of development or sale, if the common plan of development or sale
will ultimately disturb one acre or more, and discharges stormwater to surface
waters of the state.
i. This includes forest practices that are part of a construction activity that will
result in the disturbance of one or more acres, and discharges to surface waters I
of the state (i.e., forest practices which are preparing a site for construction '
activities); and
b. Any size construction activity discharging stormwater to waters of the state which
the Department of Ecology (Ecology):
i. Determines to be a significant contributor of pollutants to waters of the state of I�
Washington, or
ii. Reasonably expects to cause a violation of any water quality standard.
2. Operators of the following activities are not required to seek coverage under this I
permit, unless specifically required under Condition S l.B.l.b. (Significant
Contributor):
a. Construction activities which discharge all stormwater and non-stormwater to �
ground water, and have no point source discharge to surface water or a storm I
sewer system that drains to surface waters of the state; I��
b. Construction activities covered under an Erosivin V4'aiver (Condition S2.C);
c. Routine maintenance that is performed to maintain the original line and grade;
hydraulic capacity, or original purpose of a facility.
� Page 5 of 46
C. Authorized Discharges:
1. Stormwater Associated with Construction Activitv. Subject to compliance with the
terms and conditions of this permit,Permittees are authorized to discharge
stormwater associated with construction activity to surface waters of the state or to a
storm sewer system that drains to surface waters of the state.
2. Stormwater Associated with Construction Support Activitv. This permit also
authorizes stormwater discharges from support activities related to the permitted
construction site(e.g., off-site equipment staging yards, material storage areas,
borrow areas, etc.)provided:
a. The support activity is directly related to the permitted construction site that is
required to have an NPDES perniit; and
b. The support activity is not a commercial operation serving multiple unrelated
construction projects, and does not operate beyond the completion of the
construction activity; and
c. Appropriate controls and measures are identified in the Stormwater Pollution
Prevention Plan (SWPPP)for the discharges from the support activity areas.
3. Non-Stormwater Dischar�. The categories and sources of non-stormwater
discharges identified below are conditionally authorized,provided the discharge is
consistent with the terms and conditions of this permit:
a. Discharges from fire fighting activities;
b. Fire hydrant system flushing;
c. Potable water including uncontaminated water line flushing (de-chlorinated); !
d. Pipeline hydrostatic test water; !
e. Uncontaminated air conditioning or compressor condensate;
f. Uncontaminated ground water or spring water;
g. Uncontaminated excavation de-watering(in accordance with S9.D.10) ,
h. Uncontaminated discharges from foundation or footing drains;
. i. Water used to control dust;
j. Routine external building wash down that does not use detergents; and
k. Landscape irrigation.
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Page 6 of�6
All authorized non-stormwater discharges, except for discharges from fire fighting
activities, shall be adequately addressed in the SV�'PPP and comply with Special
Condition S3.
D. Limitations on Coverage
The Director may require any dischar-ger to apply for and obtain coveraDe under an
individual permit or another more specific general permit. Such alternative coverage
will be required when Ecology determines that this general permit does not provide
adequate assurance that water quality will be protected; or there is a reasonable potential
for the project to cause or contribute to a violation of water quality standards.
The following stormwater discharges are not covered by this permit:
1. Post-construction stormwater discharges that originate from the site after construction
activities have been completed and the site has undergone final stabilization.
2. Nonpoint source silvicultural activities such as nursery operations, site preparation,
reforestation and subsequent cultural treatment,thinning,prescribed burning, pest and
fire control, harvesting operations, surface drainage, or road construction and
maintenance from which there is natural runoff as excluded in 40 CFR Subpart
122.27.
3. Stormwater from any federal project or project on federal land or land within an
Indian Reservation except for the Puyallup Reservation. Within the Puyallup
Reservation, any project that discharges to surface water on land held in trust by the
federal government may be covered by this permit.
4. Stormwater from any site covered under an existing NPDES individual permit in
which stormwater management and/or treatment requirements are included for all
stormwater discharges associated with construction activity.
5. Where an applicable Total Maximum Daily Load(TNIDL) specifically precludes or
prohibits discharges from construction activity, the operator is not eligible for
coverage under this permit.
S2. APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS
A. Permit A�plication Forms
1. Notice of Intent Form/Timeline
a. Operators of new or previously unpermitted construction activities shall submit a
complete and accurate permit application form [Notice oflntent(NOI)� to
Ecology. Applicants are encouraged to use Ecolow's internet-based electronic
NOI to apply for permit covera�e.
b. The NOI shall be submitted on or before the date of the first public notice (see
Condition S2.B below) and at least 60 days prior to the discharge of stormwater
Pa�e 7 of 46
from construction activities. The 30-day public comment period required by «'AC
173-226-130(�)begins on the publication date of the second public notice. Unless
Ecology responds to the complete application in writing, based on public
comments, or any other relevant factors, coverage under the general permit will
automatically commence on the thirty-first day following receipt by Ecology of a
completed NOI, or the issuance date of this permit, whichever is later; unless a
later date is specified by Ecology in writing.
c. Applicants that discharge to a storm sewer system operated by Seattle,King
County, Snohomish County, Tacoma, Pierce County, or Clark County shall also
submit a copy of the NOI to the appropriate jurisdiction.
2. Transfer of Coverage Form
Current coverage under this permit may be transferred to one or more new operators,
' including operators of sites within a Common Plan of Development,by submitting
�
a Transfer of Coverage Form in accordance with Condition G9. Transfers do not
require public notice.
B. Public Notice
For new or previously unpermitted sites, the applicant shall publish a public notice at
least one time each week for tvvo consecutive weeks, with a 7-day time span betvveen
dates, in a newspaper that has general circulation in the county in���hich the construction
is to take place. The notice shall contain the following:
1. A statement that"The applicant is seeking coverage under the Vi-'ashington State
Department of Ecology's Construction Stormwater NPDES and State Vi-'aste Disc.harge
General Permit":
2. The name,address and location of the construction site;
3. The name and address of the applicant;
4. The type of construction activity that will result in a discharge, (e.g., residential
construction, commercial construction, etc.)and the number of acres to be disturbed;
5. The name of the receiving water(s) (i.e.,the surface water(s)that the site will discharge
to), or if the discharQe is throuah a storm sewer system, the name of the operator of the
storm sewer; and V
6. The statement: "Any person desiring to present their views to the Department of
Ecology regarding this application, or interested in the Department's action on this
application may notify the Department of Ecology in writing within 30 days of the last
date of publication of this notice. Comments can be submitted to: Department of
Ecology, P.O. Box 47696, Olympia, WA 98504-7696, Attn: Vdater Qualitt�Program,
Construction Storm«rater'.
Page 8 of 46
C. Erosivitv Waiver
Operators may qualify for a waiver from the permit if the following conditions are met:
1. The site will result in the disturbance of less than 5 acres; and the $ite is not a portion
of a common plan of development or sale that will disturb 5 acres or greater.
2. Calculation of Erosivity"R"Factor and Regional Timeframe:
a. The project's rainfall erosivity factor("R"Factor) must be less than 5 during the
period of construction activity, as calculated using the Texas A&M University
online rainfall erosivity calculator at: http://ei.tamu.edu/. The period of
construction activity begins at initial earth disturbance and ends with final
stabilization; and, in addition'
b. The entire period of construction activity must fall v��ithin the following
timeframes:
i. For sites west of the Cascades Crest: June 15 —September 15; or
ii. For sites east of the Cascades Crest,excluding the Central Basin: June 15—
October 15; or ,
iii. For sites east of the Cascades Crest, within the Central Basin*: no additional
timeframe restrictions apply.
*Note: The Central Basin is defined as the portions of Eastern Washington
with mean annual precipitation of less than 12 inches.
3. Operators must submit a complete Erosivity Waiver Certification Form at least one
week prior to commencing land disturbing activities. Certification must include:
a. A statement that the operator will comply with applicable local stormwater
requirements; and
b. A statement that the operator will implement appropriate erosion and sediment
control BMPs to prevent violations of water quality standards.
4. This waiver is not available for facilities declared a significant contributor of
pollurants as defined in Condition S 1.B.l.b.
5. This waiver does not apply to construction activity which includes non-stormwater
discharges listed in S 1.C.3.
6. If construction activity extends beyond the certified waiver period for any reason, the
operator shall either:
Page 9 of 46
a. Recalculate the rainfall erosivity "R" factor using the original start date and a new
projected ending date and, if the "R" factor is still under 5 and the entire project
falls within the applicable regional timeframe in S2.C.2.b, complete and submit
an amended waiver certification form before the original waiver expires; or
b. Submit a complete permit application to Ecology in accordance with Condition
S2.A and B before the end of the certified waiver period.
S3. COMPLI.�,NCE ��TTH ST�'VD�RDS
A. Discharges shall not cause or contribute to a violation of surface water quality standards
(Chapter 173-201A WAC), ground water quality standards (Chapter 173-200 WAC),
sediment management standards (Chapter 173-204 WAC), and human health-based
criteria in the National Toxics Rule (40 CFR Part 131.36�). Discharges that are not in
compliance with these standards are not authorized.
B. Prior to the discharge of stormwater and non-stormwater to waters of the state, the
Permittee shall apply all known, available, and reasonable methods of prevention,
control, and treatment(AKART). This includes the preparation and implementation of an
adequate Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP), with all appropriate best
management practices (BMPs) installed and maintained in accordance with the SWPPP
and the terms anc�conditions of this permit.
C. Compliance with water quality standards shall be presumed, unless discharge monitoring
data or other site specific information demonstrates that a discharge causes or contributes
to a violation of water quality standards, when the Permittee is:
l. In full compliance with all permit conditions, including planning, sampling,
monitoring, reporting, and recordkeeping conditions; and
2. Fully implementing stormwater BMPs contained in stormwater management manuals
published or approved by Ecology, or BMPs that are demonstrably equivalent to
BMPs contained in stormwater technical manuals published or approved by Ecology,
including the proper selection, implementation, and maintenance of all applicable and
appropriate BMPs for on-site pollution control.
D. For sites that discharge to both surface water and ground water, all ground water
discharges are also subject to the terms and conditions of this permit. Permittees who
discharge to ground water through an injection well shall comply with any applicable
requirements of the Underground Injection Control (LTIC)regulations, Chapter 173-218
� VVAC.
Page 10 of 46 ,
S4. MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
The primary monitoring requirements are summarized in Table 3 (below):
Table 3. Summary of Monitoring Requirementsl ,
Size of Soil Disturbance Weekly Weekly Weekly Weekly
Site Sampling w/ Sampling w/ , pH
Inspections Turbidity Meter Transparency sampling3
- Tube :
Sites which disturb less than 1 Required Not Required Not Required Not
acre Re uired
Sites which disturb 1 acre or Sampling Required—either !
more, but less than 5 acres Required� method4 Required
Sites which disturb 5 acres or Required Required Not Requireds Required
more
A. Site Log Book
The Permittee shall maintain a site log book that contains a record of the
implementa.tion of the SWPPP and other pernut requirements including the installation
and maintenance of BMPs, site inspections, and stormwater monitoring.
B. Site Ins�ections ,
l. Site inspections shall include all areas disturbed by construction activities, all BMPs, 'I
and all stormwater discharge points. Stormwater shall be visually examined for the I
1 Additional monitoring requirements may apply for: 1)discharges to 303(d)listed waterbodies and waterbodies �
with applicable TMDLs for turbidity,fine sediment,high pH,or phosphorus-see Condition S8; and 2)sites
required to perform additional monitoring by Ecology order—see Condition G13.
2 Soil disturbance is calculated by addin�together all areas affected by construction activity.Cons�-uction Activity
means clearing,grading,excavation,and any other activity which disturbs the surface of the land,including
ingess/egress from the site.
3 Beginning October 1,2006,if construction activity involves significant concrete work or the use of engineered
soils, and stormwater from the affected area drains to a stormwater collection system or other surface water,the
Permittee shall conduct pH sampling in accordance with Condition S4.D. ,
4 Beginning October 1,2008,sites with one or more acres,but less than 5 acres of soil disturbance,shall conduct I
turbidity or transpazency sampling in accordance with Condition S4.C.
5 Beginning October 1,2006,sites greater than or equal to� acres of soil disturbance shall conduct turbidity
sampling using a turbidity meter in accordance with Condition S4.C.
Page 11 of 46
presence of suspended sediment, turbidity, discoloration, and oil sheen. Inspectors
shall evaluate the effectiveness of BMPs and determine if it is necessary to install,
maintain, or repair BMPs to improve the quality of stormwater discharges.
Based on the results of the inspection,the Permittee shall correct the problems
identified as follows:
a. Review the SWPPP for compliance with Condition S9 and make appropriate
revisions within 7 days of the inspection; and
b. Fully implement and maintain appropriate source control and/or treatment BMPs
as soon as possible, but no later than 14 days of the inspection; and
c. Document BMP implementation and maintenance in the site log book.
2. The site inspections shall be conducted at least once every calendar week and within
24 hours of any discharge from the site. The inspection frequency for temporarily
stabilized, inactive sites may be reduced to once every calendar month.
3. Site inspections shall be conducted by a person who is knowledgeable in the
principles and practices of erosion and sediment control. The inspector shall have the
skills to:
a. Assess the site conditions and construction activities that could impact the quality
of stormwater, and
b. Assess the effectiveness of erosion and sediment control measures used to control
the quality of stormwater discharges.
4. Beginning October 1, 2006,construction sites one acre or larger that discharge '
stormwater to surface waters of the state, shall have site inspections conducted by a
Certified Erosion and Sediment Control Lead(CESCL). The C£SCL shall be
identified in the SWPPP and shall be present on-site or on-call at all times.
Certification shall be obtained through an approved erosion and sediment control
training program that meets the minimum training standards established by Ecology
(see BMP C 160 in the Manual).
5. The inspector shall summarize the results of each inspection in an inspection report or
checklist and be entered into, or attached to,the site log book.At a minimum, each
inspection report or checklist shall include:
a. Inspection date and time.
b. Weather information; general conditions during inspection and approximate
amount of precipitation since the tast inspection, and within the last 24 hours.
c. A summary or list of all BMPs which have been implemented, including
observations of all erosion/sediment control structures or practices.
d. The fol(owing shall be noted:
i. locations of BMPs inspected,
�
�
Page 12 of 46 �
ii. locations of BMPs that need maintenance,
iii. the reason maintenance is needed,
iv. locations of BMPs that failed to operate as designed or intended, and
v. locations where additional or different BMPs are needed, and the reason(s)why.
e. A description of st�rmwater discharged from the site. The inspector shall note the
i
presence of suspended sediment, turbid water, discoloration, and/or oil sheen, as
applicable.
f. Any water quality monitoring performed during inspection.
g. General comments and notes, including a brief description of any BMP repairs,
maintenance or installations made as a result of the inspection.
h. A statement that, in the judgment of the person conducting the site inspection, the
site is either in compliance or out of compliance with the terms and conditions of
the SWPPP and the permit. If the site inspection indicates that the site is out of
compliance, the inspection report shall include a summary of the remedial actions
required to bring the site back into compliance, as well as a schedule of
implementation.
i. Name, title, and signature of the person conducting site inspection; and the
following statement: "I certify that this report is true, accurate, and complete; to '
the best of my knowledge and belief'. ,
C. Turbiditv/Transparencv SamplinQ Requirements
l. Sampling Methods/Effective Dates
a. Beginning October l, 2006, if construction activity will involve the disturbance
of 5 acres or more, the Permittee shall conduct turbidity sampling per Condition
S4.C.
b. Beginning October 1, 2008, if construction activity will involve greater than or
equal to 1 acre, but less than 5 acres of soil disturbance,the Permittee shall
conduct transparency sampling or turbidity sampling per Condition S4.C.
2. Sampling Frequency
a. Sampling shall be conducted at least once every calendar week, when there is a
discharge of stormwater(or authorized non-stormwater) from the site. Samples
shall be representative of the flow and characteristics of the discharge.
b. When there is no discharge during a calendar week, sampling is not required.
c. Sampling is not required outside of normal working hours or during unsafe
conditions. If a Permittee is unable to sample during a monitoring period, the
Discharge Monitoring Report(DMR) shall include a brief explanation.
Page 13 of 46
3. Sampling Locations
a. Sampling is required at all discharge points where stormwater(or authorized non-
stormwater) is discharged off-site.
b. All sampling point(s) shall be identified on the SWPPP site map and be clearly
marked in the field with a flag, tape, stake or other visible marker.
4. Sampling and Analysis Methods
a. Turbidity analysis shall be performed with a calibrated turbidity meter
(turbidimeter),either on-site or at an accredited lab. The results shall be recorded
in the site log book in Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTL�.
b. Transparency analysis shall be performed on-site with a 1 3/4 inch diameter, 60
centimeter(cm) long Transparency Tube. The results shall be recorded in the site
log book in centimeters(cm). Transparency Tubes are available from:
http://watermonitorin�equip.com/paQes/stream.html
Analytical ': ;Sampling ' Benchmark
°Parameter Units Method Fre uency ': Value
Turbidity NTLJ SM2130 or Weekly, if 2� NTU '
EPA180.1 discharging
Transparency cm Manufacturer Weekly, if 31 cm '�,
instructions, or discharging !,
Ecology
Guidance
5. Turbidity/Transparency Benchmark Values
The benchmark value for turbidity is 25 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units); and
the benchmark value for transparency is 31 cm.
a. Turbidit�26—249 NTLJ,or Transparency 30—7 cm:
If discharge turbidity is greater than 25 NTLT, but less than 250 NTU; or if
discharQe transparency is less than 31 cm, but�reater than 6 cm,the CESCL
shall: y
i. Review the SWPPP for compliance with Condition S9 and make appropriate
revisions within 7 days of the discharge that exceeded the benchmark; and
ii. Fully implement and maintain appropriate source control and/or treatment
BMPs as soon as possible, but within 10 days of the discharge that
exceeded the benchmark; and
iii. Document BMP implementation and maintenance in the site log book.
b. Turbiditv 250 NTU or �reater, or Transparency 6 cm or less:
Page 14 of 46
If discharge turbidity is greater than or equal to 250 NTU; or if discharge
transparency is less than or equal to 6 cm,the CESCL shall:
i. Notify Ecology by phone in accordance with Condition SS.A.; and
ii. Review the SWPPP for compliance with Condition S9 and make appropriate
revisions within 7 days of the discharge that exceeded the benchmark; and
iii. Fully implement and maintain appropriate source control and/or treatment
BMPs as soon as possible, but within 10 days of the discharge that
exceeded the benchmark; '
iv. Document BMP implementation and maintenance in the site log book; and I
v. Continue to sample discharges daily untiL•
1. turbidity is 25 NTU(or lower); or
2. transparency is 31 cm (or greater); or
3. the CESCL has demonstrated compliance with the water quality
standard for turbidity:
a. no more than 5 NTli over background turbidit}', if background is
less than 50 NTU, or
b. no more than 10% over background turbidity, if background is �0
NTU or greater; or
4. the discharge stops or is eliminated.
D. pH Monitorin�: Sites with Si�nificant Concrete Work or EnQineered Soils
� Beginning October 1,2006,if construction activity will result in the disturbance of 1
� - acre or more, and involves signrfi.cant concrete work or the use of engineered soils, and
stormwater from the affected area drains to surf'ace waters of the state or to a storm
sewer system that drains to surface waters of the state, the Permittee shall conduct pH
monitoring as set forth below:
I. For sites with significant concrete work, the pH monitoring period shall commence
when the concrete is first exposed to precipitation and continue weekly until
stormwater pH is 8.5 or less.
a. "Significant concrete work"means greater than 1000 cubic yards poured concrete
or recycled concrete.
2. For sites with engineered soils,the pH monitoring period shall commence when the
soil amendments are first exposed to precipitation and shall continue until the axea of
engineered soils is fully stabilized.
Page 15 of 46
a. "Engineered soils"means soil amendments including, but not limited, to Portland
cement treated base (CTB),cement kiln dust(CKD), or fly ash.
3. During the pH monitorinD period,the Permittee shall obtain a representative sample
of stormwater and conduct pH analysis at least once per week.
4. The Permittee shall monitor pH in the sediment trap/pond(s) or other locations that
receive stormwater runoff from the area of significant concrete work or engineered
soils prior to discharge to surface waters.
5. The benchmark value for pH is 8.5 standard units.Any time sampling indicates that
pH is 8.5 or greater,the Permittee shall:
a. Prevent the high pH water(8.5 or above) from entering storm sewer systems or
surface waters; and
b. If necessary,adjust or neutralize the high pH water using an appropriate treatment
BMP such as COZ sparging or dry ice. The Permittee shall obtain written
approval from Ecology prior to using any form of chemical treatment other than
COZ sparging or dry ice.
6. The Permittee shall perform pH analysis on-site with a calibrated pH meter,pH test
kit, or wide range pH indicator paper. The Permittee shall record pH monitoring
results in the site log book.
S�. REPORTING AND RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS
A. High Turbiditv Phone Reportin� ��
Any time sampling performed in accordance with Special Condition S4.0 indicates
turbidity is 250 NTU or greater(or transparency is 6 cm or less)the Permittee shall notify
the appropriate Ecology regional office by phone within 24 hours of analysis.
B. Discharge Monitorin�Reports
1. Permittees required to conduct water quality sampling in accordance with Special
Conditions S.4.0 (Turbidity/Transparency}, S4.D (pH) and/or S8 [303(d)/TMDL
sampling] shall submit the results to Ecology monthly on Discharge Monitoring ��
Report (DMR) forms provided by Ecology. f,'{ ;�Y �,,��j�
Permittees are authorized and encouraged to submit electronic DMRs using the "E-� ,�'�1,�` fY
DMR Form"on Ecology's Construction Stormwater web site: y S`�, ���y'•��p�!�•
http://www.ecv.wa.gov/�ro�rams/wq/stormwater/construction/. � �t1'� ��C
4���
2. The Permittee shall submit DMR forms electronically or by mail to be received by �
Ecology within 15 days following the end of each month. If there was no discharge '
during a given monitoring period,the Permittee shall submit the form as required
with the words "no discharge" entered in place of the monitoring results. If the
Permittee is unable to submit discharge monitoring reports electronically,the
Permittee may mail reports to the address listed below:
Page 16 of 46
Department of Ecology
Water Quality Program - Construction Stormwater
PO Box 47696
Olympia, Washington 98504-7696
C. Records Retention
The Permittee shall reta.in records of all monitoring information (site log book, sampling
results, inspection reports/checklists, etc.), Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan, and
any other documentation of compliance with permit requirements during the life of the
construction project and for a minimum of three years following the termination of
permit coverage. Such information shall include all calibration and maintenance records,
and records of all data used to complete the application for this permit. This period of
retention shall be extended during the course of any unresolved litigation regarding the
discharge of pollutants by the Permittee or when requested by Ecology.
D. Recordin�of Results
For each measurement or sample taken, the Permittee shall record the follo���ina
information: y
1. Date,place; method, and time of sampling or measurement;
2. The individual who performed the sampling or measurement;
3. The dates the analyses were performed;
4. The individual who performed the anah�ses;
5. The analytical techniques or methods used; and
6. The results of all analyses.
E. Additional Monitorin�bv the Permittee
If the Permittee monitors any pollutant more frequently than required by this permit using
test procedures specified by Condition S4 of this permit, the results of this monitoring
shall be included in the calculation and reporting of the data submitted in the Permittee's
DMR.
F. Noncompliance Notification
In the event the Permittee is unable to comply���ith any of the terms and conditions of
this permit which may cause a threat to human health or the environment, the Permittee
shall:
1. Immediately notify Ecology of the failure to comply.
2. Immediately take action to prevent the discharge/pollution, or otherwise stop or
correct the noncompliance, and, if applicable, repeat sampling and anal;�sis of any
noncompliance immediately and submit the results to Ecology within five (�) days
after becoming aware of the violation.
Page 17 of 46
3. Submit a detailed written report to Ecology within five (S) days, unless requested
earlier by Ecology. The report shall contain a description of the noncompliance,
including exact dates and times, and if the noncompliance has not been corrected,the ,
anticipated time it is expected to continue; and the steps taken or planned to reduce, ,
eliminate, and prevent reoccurrence of the noncompliance. ',
Compliance with these requirements does not relieve the Permittee from ��
responsibility to maintain continuous compliance with the terms and conditions of
this permit or the resulting liability for failure to comply.
G. Access to Plans and Records ,
1. The Permittee shall retain the following permit documentation (plans and records) on- !
site, or within reasonable access to the site, for use by the operator; or on-site review
by Ecology or the local jurisdiction:
a. General Permit;
b. Permit Coverage Letter;
c. Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP); and
d. Site Log Book
2. The Permittee(s) shall address written requests for plans and records listed above
� (Condition SS.G.I)�as follows:
a. A copy of plans and records shall be provided to Ecology within 14 days of
' receipt of a written request from Ecology.
b. A copy of plans and records shall be prov ided to the public when requested in
writing. Upon receiving a written request from the public for the Permittee's
plans and records, the Permittee shall either:
i. Provide a copy of the plans and records to the requestor within 14 days of a
receipt of the written request; or
ii. Notify the requestor within 10 days of receipt of the written request of the
location and times within normal business hours when the plans and records
may be viewed, and provide access to the plans and records within 14 days of
receipt of the written request; or
iii. Within 14 days of receipt of the wTitten request, the Permittee may submit a
copy of the plans and records to Ecology for viewing and/or copying by the
requestQr at an Ecology office, or a mutually agreed upon location. If plans
and records are viewed and/or copied at a location other than at an Ecology
office,the Permittee will provide reasonable access to copying services for
which a reasonable fee may be charged. The Permittee shall notify the
Page 18 of 46
requestor within 10 days of receipt of the request where the plans and records
may be viewed and/or copied.
S6. PERMIT FEES
The Permittee shall pay permit fees assessed by Ecology. Fees for stormwater discharges
covered under this permit shall be established by Chapter 173-224 WAC. Permit fees will
continue to be assessed until the permit is terminated in accordance with Special Condition
S 10 or revoked in accordance with General Condition G5.
S7. SOLID AND LIQUID WASTE DISPOSAL ',
Solid and liquid wastes generated by construction activity such as demolition debris,
construction materials, contaminated materials, and waste materials from maintenance
activities, including liquids and solids from cleaning catch basins and other stormwater
facilities, shall be handled and disposed of in accordance with:
1. Special Condition S3, Compliance with Standards, and
2. WAC 173-216-110, and other applicable regulations.
S8. DISCHARGES TO 303(D} OR TNIDL WATERBODIES
A. Samplin�and Numeric Effluent Limitations For Discharges to 303(d)-listed �'aterbodies
1. 1.Permittees that discharge to water bodies listed as impaired by the State of
Washington under Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act for turbidity, fine
sediment, high pH, or phosphorus, shal( conduct water quality sampling according
to the requirements of this section.
2. All references and requirements associated with Section 303(d) of the Clean «'ater
Act mean the most current listing by Ecology of impaired waters that exists on
November 16, 2005, or the date when the operator's complete permit application is
received by Ecology,whichever is later.
B. Dischar�es to 303(d)-Listed Waterbodies (Turbidity. Fine Sediment, or Phosphorus)
1. Permittees which discharge to waterbodies on the 303(d) list for turbidity, fine
sediment, or phosphorus shall conduct turbidity sampling at the following locations
to evaluate compliance with the water quality standard for turbidit��:
a. Background turbidity shall be measured in the 303(d)-listed receiving water
immediately upstream(upgradient) or outside the area of influence of the
discharge; and
b. Discharge turbidity shall be measured at the point of discharge into the 303(d)
listed receiving waterbody, inside the area of influence of the discharge; or
Page 19 of 46
Alternatively,discharge turbidity may be measured at the point where the
discharge leaves the construction site, rather than in the receiving waterbody.
2. Based on sampling, if the discharge turbidity exceeds the water quality standard for
turbidity (more than 5 NTU over background turbidity when the background
turbidity is 50 NTU or less, or more than a 10% increase in turbidity when the
background turbidity is more than 50 N'TLT), all future discharges shall comply with
a numeric effluent limit which is equal to the water quality standard for turbidity.
3. If a future discharge exceeds the water quality standard for turbidity, the Permittee
shall:
a. Review the SWPPP for compliance with Condition S9 and make appropriate
� revisions within 7 days of the discharge that exceeded the standard;
b. Fully implement and maintain appropriate source control and/or treatment BMPs
'I as soon as possible, but within 10 days of the discharge that exceeded the
standard;
II� c. Document BMP im lementation and maintenance in the site lo book-
P g �
I� d. Notify the appropriate Ecology Regional Office by phone within 24 hours of
analysis;
� e. Continue to sample daily until discharge turbidity meets the water quality
standard for turbidity.
C. Dischar�es to waterbodies on the 303(d) list for Hi�h pH
l. Permittees which discharge to waterbodies on the 303(d) list for high pH shall
conduct sampling at one of the following locations to evaluate compliance with the
water quality standard for pH(in the range of 6.5 —8.5):
a. pH shall be measured at the point of discharge into the 303(d) listed waterbody,
inside the area of influence of the discharge; or '
b. Alternatively,pH may be measured at the point where the discharge leaves the ',
construction site, rather than in the receiving water. ��
� I
� 2. Based on the sampling set forth above, if the pH exceeds the water quality standard �,
� for pH (in the range of 6.5—8.5), all future discharges shall comply with a numeric
effluent limit which is equal to the water quality standard for pH.
3. If a future discharge exceeds the water quality standard for pH, the Permittee shall:
a. Review the SWPPP for compliance with Condition S9 and make appropriate ',
revisions within 7 days of the discharge that exceeded the water quality standard; I
� �
,��
Page 20 of 46
b. Fully implement and maintain appropriate source control and/or treatment BMPs
as soon as possible, but within 10 days of the discharge that exceeded the
standards;
c. Document BMP implementation and maintenance in the site log book;
d. Notify the appropriate Ecology Regional Office by phone w�ithin 24 hours of
analysis; and
e. Continue to sample daily until discharge meets the water quality standard for pH
(in the range of 6.5=8.�) or the discharge stops or is eliminated.
Parameter identified Parameter/Units Analytical Sampling' Water Quality
in 303(d) listing ' Method Frequency ' Standard
Turbidity Turbidity/NTU SM2130 or Weekly, if If background is 50
Fine Sediment EPA180.1 discharging NTiJ or less: 5 NTLT
Phosphorus over background; or
If background is
more than 50 NTU:
10%over
background
High pH pH/Standard pH meter Weekly, if In the range of
Units discharging 6.5—8.5
D. Sampling and Limitations For Sites Dischargin�to Applicable TMDLs
l. Discharges to a waterbodies subject to an applicable Total MaYimum Daily Load
(TMDL) for turbidity, fine sediment, high pH, or phosphorus, shall be consistent with
the assumptions and requirements of the TNIDL.
a. Where an applicable TMDL sets specific waste load allocations or requirements
for discharges covered by this permit, discharges shall be consistent with any
specific waste load allocations or requirements established by the applicable
TMDL.
ii.The Permittee shall sample discharges weekly, or as otherwise specified by the
TNIDL,to evaluate compliance with the specific waste load allocations or
requirements.
iii.Analytical methods used to.meet the monitoring requirements shall conform to
the latest revision of the Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures for the
Analysis of Pollutants contained in 40 CFR Part 136. Turbidity and pH methods
Page 21 of 46
need not be accredited or registered unless conducted at a ]aboratory which must
othervvise be accredited or registered.
b. Vv'here an applicable TMDL has established a general waste load allocation for
construction stormw�ater discharges, but no specific requirements have been
identified, compliance with Conditions S4 (Monitoring) and S9 (SV�PPPs) will be
assumed to be consistent with the approved TMDL.
c. Where an applicable TMDL has not specified a waste load allocation for
construction stormwater discharges, but has not excluded these discharges,
compliance with Conditions S4 (Monitoring) and S9 (SVVPPPs)will be assumed
to be consistent with the approved TMDL.
d. Where an applicable TMDL specifically precludes or prohibits discharges from
construction activity, the operator is not eligible for coverage under this permit.
2. Applicable TMDL means a TMDL for turbidity, fine sediment, high pH, or
phosphorus,which has been completed and approved by EPA prior to November 16,
2005, or prior to the date the operator's complete permit application is received by
Ecology, whichever is later. TMDLs completed after the operator's complete permit
� application is received by Ecology become applicable to the Permittee only if they are
imposed through an administrative order by Ecolo��, or through a modification of
permit coverage.
S9. STORMWATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLANN
An adequate Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) for construction activity shall
be prepared and implemented in accordance with the requirements of this permit beginning
with initial soil disturbance and until final stabilization.
A. The SWPPP shall meet the following objectives:
l. To implement Best Management Practices (BMPs}to prevent erosion and
sedimentation, and to identify, reduce, eliminate or prevent stormwater contamination
and water pollution from construction activity.
2. To prevent violations of surface water quality, ground water quality, or sediment
management standards.
3. To control peak volumetric flow rates and velocities of stormwater discharQes.
B. General Requirements
1. The SWPPP shall include a narrati��e and drawings. All BMPs shall be clearly
referenced in the narrative and marked on the drawings.
The SWPPP narrative shall include documentation to explain and justify the pollution
prevention decisions made for the project. Documentation shall include:
a. Information about existing site conditions (topoa aphy, drainage, soils,
vegetation, etc.);
Pa�e 22 of 46
b. Potential erosion problem areas;
c. The 12 elements of a SWPPP in S9.D.1-12, including BMPs used to address each
element;
d. Construction phasing/sequence and general BMP implementation schedule;
e. The actions to be taken if BMP performance goals are not achieved; and
f. Engineering calculations for ponds and any other designed structures.
?. The Permittee shall modify the SWPPP if, during inspections or investigations
conducted by the owner/operator, or the applicable local or state regulatory authority,
it is determined that the SWPPP is, or would be, ineffective in eliminating or
significantly minimizing pollutants in stormwater discharges from the site. The
� Permittee shall take the following actions:
a. Review the SWPPP for compliance with Condition S9 and make appropriate
revisions within 7 days of the inspection or investigation;
b. Fully implement and maintain appropriate source control and/or treatment BMPs
as soon as possible, but no later than 10 days from the inspection or investigation;
and
c. Document BMP implementation and maintenance in the site log book.
3. The Permittee shall modify the SWPPP whenever there is a change in design,
construction, operation, or maintenance at the construction site that has, or could
have, a significant effect on the discharge of pollutants to waters of the state.
C. Stormwater Best Mana�ement Practices BMPs)
BMI's shall be consistent with:
1. Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington(most recent edition), for
sites west of the crest of the Cascade Mountains;
2. Stormwater Management Manual for Eastern Washington(most recent edition), for
sites east of the crest of the Cascade Mountains; or
3. Other stormwater management guidance documents or manuals which provide an
equivalent level of pollution prevention and are approved by Ecology; or
4. Documentation in the SWPPP that the BMPs selected provides an equivalent level of '
pollution prevention, compared to the applicable Stormwater Management Manuals,
including:
Page 23 of 46 II
a. The technical basis for the selection of all stormwater BMPs (scientific, technical
studies, and/or modeling) which support the performance claims for the BMPs ��,
being selected; and
b. An assessment of how the selected BMP will satisfy AKART requirements and
the applicable federal technology-based treatment requirements under 40 CFR
part 125.3.
D. SWPPP—Narrative Contents and Requirements
The Permittee shall include each of the 12 elements below in S9.D.1-12 in the narrative
of the SWPPP and ensure that they are implemented unless site conditions render the
element unnecessary and the exemption from that element is clearly justified in the
SWPPP.
1. Preserve Vegetation/Mark Clearing Limits
a. Prior to beginning land disturbing activities, includin� clearing and grading,
clearly mark all clearing limits, sensitive areas and their buffef-s, and trees that are
to be preserved within the construction area.
b. The duff layer,native top soil, and natural vegetation shall be retained in an
undisturbed state to the maximum degree practicable.
2. Establish Construction Access
a. Construction vehicle access and eait shall be limited to one route, if possible.
b. Access points shall be stabilized with a pad of quarry spalls,crushed rock, or other
equivalent BMP,to minimize the tracking of sediment onto public roads.
c. Wheel wash or tire baths shall be located on site, if the stabilized construction
entrance is not effective in preventing sediment from being tracked onto public
roads.
d. If sediment is tracked off site,public roads shall be cleaned thoroughly at the end of
each day,or more frequently during wet weather. Sediment shall be removed from
roads by shoveling or pickup sweeping and shall be transported to a controlled
sediment disposal area.
e. Street washing is allowed only after sedir�ent is removed in accordance with
S9.D.2.d. Street wash wastewater shall be controlled by pumping back on site or
otherwise be prevented from discharging into systems tributary to waters of the
state.
3. Control Flow Rates
a. Properties and waterways downstream from development sites shall be protected
from erosion due to increases in the velocity and peak volumetric flow rate of
stormwater runoff from the project site, as required by local plan approval
authority.
�
Page 24 of 46 I,
b. W�here necessary to comply with S9.D.3.a., stormwater retention or detention I
facilities shall be constructed as one of the first steps in grading. Detention
facilities shall be functional prior to construction of site improvements (e.g.,
impervious surfaces).
c. If permanent infiltration ponds are used for flow control during construction,these '
facilities shall be protected from siltation during the construction phase. ',
4. Install Sediment Controls I
a. Stormwater runoff from disturbed areas shall pass through a sediment pond or other
appropriate sediment removal BMP,prior to leaving a construction site or prior to
discharge to an infiltration facility.Runoff from fully stabilized areas may be
discharged without a sediment removal BMP, but shall meet the flow control
performance standard of S9.D.3.a.
b. Sediment control BMPs(sediment ponds,traps, filters, etc.) shall be constructed as !i
one of the first steps in grading. These BNIPs shall be functional before other land
disturbing activities take place.
c. BMPs intended to trap sediment on site shall be located in a manner to avoid
interference with the movement of juvenile salmonids attempting to enter off-
channel areas or drainages.
�. Stabilize Soils �
a. Exposed and unworked soils shall be stabilized by application of effective BMPs
that prevent erosion. Applicable BMPs include, but are not limited to: temporary
and permanent seeding, sodding,mulching,plastic covering,erosion control fabrics
and matting, soil application of polyacrylamide(PAIvn,the early application of
gravel base on areas to be paved,and dust control.
b. Depending on the geographic location of the project, no soils shall remain exposed
and unworked for more than the time periods set forth below to prevent erosion:
��'est of the Cascade Mountains Crest
During the dry season (May 1 - Sept. 30): 7 days
During the wet season (October 1 -Apri130): 2 days
East of the Cascade Mountains Crest, except for Central Basin*
During the dry season (July 1 - September 30): 10 days
During the wet season (October 1 -June 30): 5 days
The Central Basin*,East of the Cascade Mountains Crest
During the dry Season (July 1 - September 30}: 30 days
During the wet season (October 1 -June 30): 15 days
*Note: The Central Basin is defined as the portions of Eastern Washinb on
�-ith mean annual precipitation of less than 12 inches.
Page 25 of 46
The time period may be adjusted by a local jurisdiction, if the jurisdiction ,
can show that local precipitation data justify a different standard. �
c. Soils shall be stabilized at the end of the shift before a holiday or weekend if needed
based on the weather forecast.
d. Soil stockpiles shall be stabilized from erosion, protected���ith sediment trapping
measures,and where possible, be located away from storm drain inlets,waterways,
and drainage channels.
6. Protect Slopes
a. Design and construct cut and fill slopes in a manner that will minimize erosion.
Applicable practices include,but are not limited to, reducing continuous length of
slope with terracing and diversions,reducing slope steepness, and roughening slope
surfaces(e.g.,track walking).
b. Off-site stormwater(run-on)or groundwater shall be diverted away from slopes and
disturbed areas with interceptor dikes,pipes,and/or swales. Off-site stormwater
should be managed separately from stormwater generated on the site.
c. At the top of slopes, collect drainaDe in pipe slope drains or protected channels to
� prevent er.osion.
! i. West of the Cascade Mountains Crest: Temporary pipe slope drains shall
handle the peak 10-minute velociry of flow from a Type lA, 10-year, 24-hour
' frequency storm for the developed condition. Alternatively,the 10-year, 1-
hour flow rate predicted by an approved continuous runoff model, increased
by a factor of 1.6,may be used. The hydrologic analysis shall use the existing
land cover condition for predicting flow rates from tributary areas outside the
project limits. Fortributary areas on the project site, the analysis shall use the
temporary or permanent project land cover condition, whichever will produce
the highest flow rates. If using the WWf-LM to predict flows, bare soil areas
should be modeled as "landscaped area."
ii. East of the Cascade Mountains Crest: Temporary pipe slope drains shall
handle the expected peak flow velocity from a 6-month, 3-hour storm for the
developed condition, referred to as the short duration storm.
i d. Excavated material shall be placed on the uphill side of trenches, consistent with
safety and space considerations.
e. Check dams shall be placed at regular intervals within constructed channels that
are cut down a slope.
7. Protect Drain Inlets
a. All storm drain inlets made operable during construction shall be protected so that
stormwater runoff does not enter the conveyance system without first being filtered
or treated to remove sediment.
Page 26 of 46
b. Inlet protection devices shall be cleaned or removed and replaced when sediment
has filled one-third of the available storage(unless a different standard is specified
by the product rnanufacturer).
8. Stabilize Charuiels and Outlets
a. All temporary on-site conveyance channels shall be designed, constructed, and
stabilized to prevent erosion from the following expected peak flows:
i. West of the Cascade Mountains Crest: Channels shall handle the peak 10
minute velocity of flow from a Type lA, 10-year, 24-hour frequency storm far
the developed condition. Alternatively, the 10-year, 1-hour flow rate indicated
by an approved continuous runoff model, increased by a factor of 1.6, may be
used. The hydrologic analysis shall use the existing land cover condition for
predicting flow rates from tributary areas outside the project limits. For
tributary areas on the project site, the analysis shall use the temporary or
permanent project land cover condition, whichever will produce the highest '
flow rates. If using the W WHM to predict flows, bare soil areas should be
modeled as "landscaped area."
ii. East of the Cascade Mountains Crest: Channels shall handle the expected peak
flow velocity from a 6-month, 3-hour storm for the developed condition,
referred to as the short duration storm.
b. Stabilization, including armoring material, adequate to prevent erosion of outlets, �
adjacent stream banks, slopes,and downstream reaches shall be provided at the
outlets of all conveyance systems.
� 9. Control Pollutants
a. All pollutants, including waste materials and demolition debris,that occur onsite
shall be handled and disposed of in a manner that does not cause contamination of ',
stormwater. ��
b. Cover,containment, and protection from vandalism shall be provided for all I
chemicals, liquid products, petroleum products,and other materials that have the
potential to pose a threat to human health or the environment. On-site fueling tanks
shall include secondary containment.
c. Maintenance, fueling, and repair of heavy equipment and vehicles shall be
conducted us�ng spill prevention and control measures. Contaminated surfaces shall
be cleaned immediately following any spill incident.
d. Wheel wash or tire bath wastewater shall be discharged to a separate on-site
treatment system or to the sanitary sewer with local sewer district approval.
e. Application of fertilizers and pesticides, shall be conducted in a manner and at ��,
application rates that will not result in loss of chemical to stormwater runoff. '
Manufacturers' label requirements for application rates and procedures shall be
followed.
Page 27 of 46
f. BMPs shall be used to prevent or treat contamination of stormwater runoff by pH
modifying sources. These sources include,but are not limited to: bulk cement,
cement kiln dust, fly ash,new concrete washing and curing waters,waste streams
generated from concrete grinding and sawing, exposed aggregate processes,
dewatering concrete vaults, concrete pumping and mixer washout waters.
Permittees shall adjust the pH of stormwater if necessary to prevent violations of
water quality standards.
g. Permittees shall obtain written approval from Ecology prior to using chemical
treatment, other than COZ ar dry ice to adjust pH.
10. Control De-Watering
a. Foundation, vault,and trench de-watering water,which have similar characteristics
to stormwater runoff at the site, shall be discharged into a controlled conveyance
system prior to discharge to a sediment trap or sediment pond.
b. Clean, non-turbid de-watering water, such as well-point ground water,can be
discharged to systems tributary to, or directly into surface waters of the state, as
specified in S9.D.8,provided the de-watering flow does not cause erosion or
flooding of receiving waters. Clean de-watering water should not be routed through
stormwater sediment ponds.
c. Other de-watering disposal options may include:
i. infiltration
ii. transport offsite in a vehicle, such as a vacuum flush truck, for legal disposal in
a manner that does not pollute state waters,
iii. Ecology-approved on-site chemical treatment or other suitable treatment
technologies,
iv. sanitary sewer discharge with local sewer district approval, if there is no other
option, or
v. use of a sedimentation bag with outfall to a ditch or swale for small volumes of
localized de-watering.
d. Highly turbid or contaminated dewatering water shall be handled separately from
stormwater.
11. Maintain BMPs
a. All temporary and permanent erosion and sediment control BMPs shall be
maintained and repaired as needed to assure continued performance of their
intended function in accordance with BMP specifications.
b. All temporary erosion and sediment control BMPs shall be removed within 30 days
after final site stabilization is achieved or after the temporary BMPs are no longer
needed.
Page 28 of 46
12. Manage the Project
a. Development projects shall be phased to the ma�cimum degree practicable and shall
take into account seasonal work limitations.
b. Inspection and Monitoring
All B�VIPs shall be inspected, maintained, and repaired as needed to assure
continued performance of their intended function. Site inspections and monitoring
shall be conducted in accordance with S4.
c. Maintaining an Updated Construction SWPPP
The SWPPP shall be maintained, updated, and implemented in accordance�°ith
Conditions S3, S4 and S9.
E. S`'VPPP—Map Contents and Requirements
The SWPPP shall also include a vicinity map or general location map (e.g. liSGS
Quadrangle map, a portion of a county or city map, or other appropriate map) with
enough detail to identify the location of the construction site and receiving waters w�ithin
one mile of the site.
The SWPPP shall also include a legible site map (or maps) showing the entire
construction site. The follow•in� features shall be identified, unless not applicable due to
site conditions:
1. The direction of north, property lines, and existinQ structures and roads;
2. Cut and fill slopes indicating the top and bottom of slope catch lines;
3. Approxirnate slopes, contours, and direction of stormwater flow before and after
major grading activities;
4. Areas of soil disturbance and areas that will not be disturbed;
5. Locations of structural and nonstructural controls (BMPs) identified in the SVVPPP
6. Locations of off-site material, stockpiles,waste storage, borrow areas, and
vehicle/equipment storage areas;
7. Locations of all surface water bodies, including wetlands;
8. Locations where stormwater or non-stormwater discharges off=site and,�or to a surface
water body, including wetlands;
9. Location of water quality sampling station(s), if sampling is required by state or local
permitting authority; and
Page 29 of 46
10. Areas where final sta.bilization has been accomplished and no further construction-
phase permit requirements apply.
S10. NOTICE OF TERMINATION
A. The site is eligible for termination when either of the following conditions have been met:
l. The site has undergone final sta.bilization, all temporary BMPs have been removed,
and all stormwater discharges associated with construction activity have been
eliminated; or
2. All portions of the site which have not undergone final stabilization per S 10.A.1 have
been sold and/or transferred (per Condition G9), and the Permittee no longer has
operational control of the construction activity.
B. When the site is eligible for termination,the Permittee shall submit a complete and
accurate Notice of Termination (NOT) form, signed in accordance with General
Condition G2,to:
Department of Ecology
' Water Quality Program- Construction Stormwater !
I � PO Box 47696
Olympia, Washington 98504-7696
C. The termination is effective on the date the NOT form was received by Ecology, unless
the Permittee is notified by Ecology within 30 days that termination request is denied
because the eligibility requirements in Condition S 10.A have not been met.
I
Page 30 of 46
GENERAL CONDITIONS
G1. DISCHARGE VIOLATIONS
�
j All discharges and activities authorized by this general permit shall be consistent with the
� terms and conditions of this general permit. Any discharge of any pollutant more frequent
than or at a level in excess of that identified and authorized by the general permit shall
j constitute a violation of the terms and conditions of this permit.
�
G2. SIGNATORY REQUIREMENTS
A. All permit applications shall bear a certification of correctness to be signed:
1. In the case of corporations, by a responsible corporate officer of at least the level of
vice president of a corporation;
I ' 2. In the case of a partnership, by a general partner of a partnership;
II 3. In the case of sole proprietorship, by the proprietor; or
4. In the case of a municipal, state, or other public facilit}�, by either a principal
executive officer or ranking elected official.
B. All reports required by this permit and other information requested by Ecology shall be
signed by a person described above or by a duly authorized representative of that person.
A person is a duly authorized representative only if:
l. The authorization is made in w�riting by a person described abo�-e and submitted to
� the Ecology.
2. The authorization specifies either an individual or a position having responsibility for
the overall operation of the regulated facility, such as the position of plant manager,
superintendent,position of equivalent responsibility, or an individual or position
having overall responsibiliTy for environmental matters.
G Changes to authorization. If an authorization under paragraph G2.B2 above is no lon�er
accurate because a different individual or position has responsibility for the overall
operation of the facility, a new authorization satisfying the requirements of paragraph
G2.B.2 above shall be submitted to Ecology prior to or together with any reports,
, information, or applications to be signed by an authorized representative.
D. Certificat�on. Any person signmg a document under th�s section shall make the following
certification:
"I certify under penalty of law,that this document and all attachments were
prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system
designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gathered and evaluated
Page 31 of 46
the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons«�ho
manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering
information, the information submitted is,to the best of my knowledge and
belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant
penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and
imprisonment for knowing violations."
G3. RIGHT OF INSPECTION AND ENTRY �
The Permittee shall allow an authorized representative of Ecology, upon the presentatian of I�,
credentials and such other documents as may be required by law: '
A. To enter upon the premises where a discharge is located or where any records shall be
kept under the terms and conditions of this permit.
B. To have access to and copy- at reasonable times and at reasonable cost- any records
required to be kept under the terms and conditions of this permit.
C. To inspect- at reasonable times- any facilities, equipment(including monitoring and
control equipment),practices, methods, or operations regulated or required under this
permit.
D. To sample or monitor- at reasonable times - any substances or parameters at any location
for purposes of assuring permit compliance or as otherwise authorized by the Clean
Water Act.
G4. GENERAI, PERMIT MODIFICATION AND REVOCATION i
This permit may be modified, revoked and reissued, or terminated in accordance with the
provisions of Chapter 173-226 WAC. Grounds for modification, revocation and reissuance,
or termination include, but are not limited to,the following:
A. When a change which occurs in the technology or practices for control or abatement of
pollutants applicable to the category of dischargers covered under this permit;
B. When effluent limitation guidelines or standards are promulgated pursuant to the CWA or
Chapter 90.48 RCW, for the category of dischargers covered under this permit;
C. When a water quality management plan containing requirements applicable to the
category of dischargers covered under this permit is approved; or
D. Vi-'hen information is obtained which indicates that cumulative effects on the environment
from dischargers covered under this permit are unacceptable.
G5. REVOCATION OF COVERAGE UNDER THE PERMIT
Pursuant with Chapter 43.21B RCW and Chapter 173-226 WAC,the Director may terminate
coverage for any discharger under this permit for cause. Cases where coverage may be
terminated include, but are not limited to, the followinQ:
Page 32 of 46
A. Violation of any term or condition of this permit;
B. Obtaining coverage under this permit by misrepresentation or failure to disclose fully all
relevant facts;
C. A change in any condition that requires either a temporary or permanent reduction or
elimination of the permitted discharge;
D. Failure or refusal of the Permittee to allow entry as required in RCW 90.48.090;
E. A determination that the permitted activity endangers human health or the environment,
or contributes to water quality standards violations;
F. Nonpayment of permit fees or penalties assessed pursuant to RCW 90.48.465 and
Chapter 173-224 WAC;
G. Failure of the Permittee to satisfy the public notice requirements of WAC 173-226-
130(5), when applicable.
The Director may require any discharger under this permit to apply for and obtain coverage
under an individual permit or another more specific general permit. Permittees who have
their coverage revoked for cause according to WAC�173-226-240 may request temporary
' coverage under this permit during the time an individual permit is being developed,provided
the request is made within ninety (90)days from the time of revocation and is submitted
along with a complete individual permit application form.
G6. REPORTING A CAUSE FOR MODIFICATION
The Permittee shall submit a new application, or a supplement to the previous application, ,
whenever a material change to the construction activity or in the quantity or type of discharge
is anticipated which is not specifically authorized by this permit. This application shall be
submitted at least sixty(60)days prior to any proposed changes. The filing of a request by
the Permittee for a permit modification, revocation and reissuance, or termination, or a
notification of planned changes or anticipated noncompliance does not relieve the Permittee
of the duty to comply with the existing permit until it is modified or reissued.
G7. COMPLIANCE WITH OTHER LAWS AND STATUTES
Nothing in this permit shall be construed as excusing the Permittee from compliance with
any applicable federal, state, or local statutes, ordinances, or regulations.
G8. DUTY TO REAPPLY .
The Permittee shall apply for permit renewal at least 180 days prior to the specified
expiration date of this permit.
G9. TRANSFER OF GENERAL PERMIT COVERAGE
Coverage under this general permit is automatically transferred to a new discharger,
including operators of lots/parcels within a common plan of development or sale, if: ',
Pa6e 33 of 46
A. A w�ritten, signed agreement (Transfer of Coverage Form) between the current discharger
(Permittee} and new discharger containing a specific date for transfer of permit
responsibility, coverage, and liability is submitted to the Director; and -
B. The Director does not notify the current discharger and new discharger of the Director's
intent to revoke coverage under the general permit. If this notice is not given, the transfer
is effective on the date specified in the written agreement.
When a current discharger(Permittee)transfers�ortion of a permitted site, the current
discharger shall also submit an updated application form (NOI) to the Director indicating the
remaining permitted acreage after the transfer. When a current discharger(Permittee)
transfers all�ortions of a permitted site to one or more new dischargers, the current
discharger shall also submit a notice of termination (�iOT) form to the Director.
G10.REMOVED SUBSTANCES
Collected screenings, grit, solids; sludges, filter backwash, or other pollutants removed in the
course of treatment or control of stormwater shall not be resuspended or reintroduced to the
final effluent stream for discharge to state«�aters.
G11.DUTY TO PROVIDE INFORMATION
The Permittee shall submit to Ecology, within a reasonable time, all information which
Ecology may request to determine whether cause exists for modifying, revoking and
reissuing, or terminating this permit or to determine compliance with this permit. The
Permittee shall also submit to Ecology upon request, copies of records required to be kept by
this permit [40 CFR 122.41(h}].
G12.OTHER REQUIREMENTS OF 40 CFR
All other requirements of 40 CFR 122.41 and 122.42 are incorporated in this permit by
reference.
G13.ADDITIONAL MONITORING
Ecology may establish specific monitoring requirements in addition to those contained in this
permit by administrative order or permit modification.
G14.PENALTIES FOR VIOLATING PERMIT CONDITIONS
Any person who is found guilty of willfully violating the terms and conditions of this permit
shall be deemed guilty of a crime, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of
up to teri thousand dollars ($10,000) and costs of prosecution, or by imprisonment in the
discretion of the court. Each day upon which a willful violation occurs may be deemed a
separate and additional violation.
Any person w�ho violates the terms and conditions of a waste discharge permit shall incur, in
addition to any other penalty as provided by law, a civil penalty in the amount of up to ten
Page 34 of 46
thousand dollars ($10,000) for every such violation. Each and every such violation shall be a
separate and distinct offense, and in case of a continuing violation, every day's continuance
shall be deemed to be a separate and distinct violation.
G15.UPSET
Definition—"Upset"means an exceptional incident in which there is unintentional and
temporary noncompliance with technology-based permit effluent limitations because of
factors beyond the reasonable control of the Permittee. An upset does not include
noncompliance to the extent caused by operational error, improperly designed treatment
facilities, inadequate treatment facilities, lack of preventive maintenance, or careless or
improper operation.
An upset constitutes an affirmative defense to an action brought for noncompliance with such
technology-based permit effluent limitations if the requirements of the following paragraph
are met.
A Permittee who wishes to establish the affirmative defense of upset shall demonstrate,
through properly signed, contemporaneous operating logs or other relevant evidence that: 1)
an upset occurred and that the Permittee can identify the cause(s) of the upset; 2)the
permitted facility was being properly operated at the time of the upset; 3)the Permittee
submitted notice of the upset as required in condition SS.F; and 4)the Permittee complied
with any remedial measures required under this permit.
In any enforcement proceeding, the Permittee seeking to establish the occurrence of an upset
has the burden of proof.
G16.PROPERTY RIGFiTS
This permit does not convey any property rights of any sort, or any exclusive privilege.
G17.DUTY TO COMPLY
The Permittee shall comply with all conditions of this permit. Any permit noncompliance
constitutes a violation of the Clean Water Act and is grounds for enforcement action; for �
permit termination, revocation and reissuance, or modification; or denial of a permit renewal
application.
G18.TOXIC POLLUTANTS
The Permittee shall comply with effluent standards or prohibitions established under Section
307(a)of the Clean Water Act for toxic pollutants within the time provided in the regulations
that establish those standards or prohibitions, even if this permit has not yet been modified to
incorporate the requirement.
Page 35 of 46
G19.PENALTIES FOR TAMPERING
The Clean Water Act provides that any person who falsifies, tampers with, or knowingly
renders inaccurate any monitoring device or method required to be maintained under this
permit shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 per violation,
or by imprisonment for not more than two years per violation, or by both. If a conviction of
a person is for a violation committed after a first conviction of such person under this
Condition, punishment shall be a fine of not more than $20,000 per day of violation, or
imprisonment of not more than four(4)years, or both.
G20.REPORTING PLANNED CHANGES
The Permittee shall, as soon as possible, give notice to Ecology of planned physical
alterations, modifications or additions to the permitted construction activity, which will result
in:
A. The permitted facility being determined to be a new source pursuant to 40 CFR
122.29(b);
B. A significant change in the nature or an increase in quantity of pollutants discharged,
including but not limited to: for sites 5 acres or larger, a 20%or greater increase in
acreage disturbed by construction activity;
C. A change in or addition of surface water(s)receiving stormwater or non-stormwater from
the construction activity; or
D. A change in the construction plans and/or activity that affects the Permittee's monitoring
requirements in Special Condition S4.
Following such notice,permit coverage may be modified, or revoked and reissued pursuant
to 40 CFR 122.62(a)to specify and limit any pollutants not previously limited. Until such '
modification is effective,any new or increased discharge in excess of permit limits or not
specifically authorized by this permit constitutes a violation.
G21.REPORTING OTHER INFORMATION
Where the Permittee becomes aware that it failed to submit any relevant facts in a permit
application, or submitted incorrect information in a permit application or in any report to
Ecology, it shall promptly submit such facts or information.
G22.REPORTING ANTICIPATED NON-COMPLIANCE
The Permittee shall give advance notice to Ecology by submission of a new application or
supplement thereto at least forty-five(45)days prior to commencement of such discharges,
of any facility expansions,production increases,or other planned changes, such as process
modifications, in the permitted facility or activity which may result in noncompliance with
permit limits or conditions. Any maintenance of facilities,which might necessitate
Page 36 of 46
unavoidable interruption of operation and degradation of effluent quality, shall be scheduled
during non-critical water quality periods and carried out in a manner approved by Ecology.
G23.REQUESTS TO BE EXCLUDED FROM COVERAGE UNDER THE PERMIT
Any discharger authorized by this permit may request to be excluded from coverage under
the general permit by applying for an individual permit. The discharger shall submit to the
Director an application as described in WAC 173-220-040 or WAC 173-216-070,whichever
is applicable,with reasons supponing the request. These reasons shall fully document how an
individual permit will apply to the applicant in a way that the general permit cannot. Ecology
may make specific requests for information to support the request. The Director shall either
issue an individual permit or deny the request with a statement explaining the reason for the
denial. When an individual permit is issued to a discharger otherwise subject to the
construction stormwater general permit, the applicability of the construction stormwater
general permit to that Permittee is automatically terminated on the effective date of the
individual permit.
G24.APPEALS
A. The terms and conditions of this general permit, as they apply to the appropriate class of
dischargers, are subject to appeal by any person within 30 days of issuance of this general
permit, in accordance with Chapter 43.21B RCW, and Chapter 173-226 WAC.
B. The terms and conditions of this general permit, as they apply to an individual discharger,
are appealable in accordance with Chapter 43.21B RCW within 30 days of the effective
date of coverage of that discharger. Consideration of an appeal of general permit
coverage of an individual discharger is limited to the general permit's applicability or
nonapplicability to that individual discharger.
C. The appeal of general permit coverage of an individual discharger does not affect any
other dischargers covered under this general permit. If the terms and conditions of this
general permit are found to be inapplicable to any individual discharger(s),the matter
shall be remanded to Ecology for consideration of issuance of an individual permit or
permits.
G25.SEVERABILITY
The provisions of this permit are severable, and if any provision of this permit, or application
of any provision of this permit to any circumstance, is held invalid,the application of such
provision to other circumstances,and the remainder of this permit shall not be affected
thereby.
G26.BYPASS PROHIBITED
A. Bvuass Procedures
Bypass, which is the intentional diversion of waste streams from any portion of a
treatment facility, is prohibited for stormwater events below the design criteria for
Page 37 of 46
stormwater management. Ecology may take enforcement action against a Permittee for
bypass unless one of the following circumstances (1, 2, 3 or 4) is applicable.
1. Bypass of stormwater is consistent with the design criteria and part of an approved
management practice in the applicable stormwater management manual.
2. Bypass for essential maintenance without the potential to cause violation of permit
limits or conditions.
Bypass is authorized if it is for essential maintenance and does not have the potential
to cause violations of limitations or other conditions of this permit, or adversely
impact public health.
3. Bypass of stormwater is unavoidable, unanticipated, and results in noncompliance of
this permit.
, This bypass is permitted only if:
I
, a. Bypass is unavoidable to prevent loss of life, personal injury, or severe property
�� � : damage. "Severe property damage"means substantial physical damage to
� ` property, damage to the treatment facilities which would cause them to become
� , inoperable, or substantial and permanent loss of natural resources which can
i reasonably be expected to occur in the absence of a bypass;
� b. There are no feasible alternatives to the bypass, such as the use of a�.u�iliary
treatment facilities, retention of untreated wastes, maintenance during normal
I periods of equipment downtime (but not if adequate backup equipment should '
i have been installed in the exercise of reasonable engineering judgment to prevent
''� ' a bypass which occurred during normal periods of equipment downtime or
� ' preventative maintenance), or transport of untreated wastes to another treatment
;i facility; and
,� c. Ecology is properly notified of the bypass as required in Special Condition SS.F
� ��� of this permit.
� I, 4. A planned action that would cause bypass of stormwater and has the potential to
result in noncompliance of this permit during a storm event.
� '� The Permittee shall notify Ecology at least thirty (30) days before the planned date of
' bypass. The notice shall contain:
, I
j a. a description of the bypass and its cause;
I�� b. an analysis of all known alternatives which would eliminate,reduce, or mitigate
' the need for bypassing;
�,
ic. a cost-effectiveness analysis of alternatives including comparative resource
�
�
damage assessment;
i li d. the minimum and m�imum durati�n of bypass under each alternative;
e. a recommendation as to the preferred alternative for conducting the bypass;
I , �
,
�
Page 38 of 46
f. the projected date of bypass initiation;
g. a statement of compliance vvith SEPA;
h. a request for modification of water quality standards as provided for in WAC 173-
201A-110, if an exceedance of any water quality standard is anticipated; and
i. steps taken or planned to reduce, eliminate, and prevent reoccurrence of the
bypass.
5. For probable construction bypasses, the need to bypass is to be identified as early in
the planning process as possible. The analysis required above shall be considered
during preparation of the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan(SWPPP) and shall
be included to the extent practical. In cases where the probable need to bypass is
determined early,continued analysis is necessary up to and including the construction
period in an effort to minimize or eliminate the bypass.
Ecology will consider the following prior to issuing an administrative order for this
type bypass:
a. If the bypass is necessary to perform construction or maintenance-related
activities essential to meet the requirements of this permit.
b. If there are feasible alternatives to bypass, such as the use of auxiliary treatment
facilities, retention of untreated wastes, stopping production, maintenance during
normal periods of equipment down time, or transport of untreated wastes to
another treatment facility.
c. If the bypass is planned and scheduled to minimize adverse effects on the public
and the environment.
After consideration of the above and the adverse effects of the proposed bypass and
any other relevant factors, Ecology will appro�e, conditionally approve, or deny the
request. The public shall be notified and given an opportunity to comment on bypass
incidents of significant duration,to the extent feasible. Approval of a request to
bypass will be by administrative order issued by Ecology under RCW 90.48.120.
B. Dutv to Mitigate
� The Permittee is required to take all reasonable steps to minimize or prevent any
discharge or sludge use or disposal in violation of this permit that has a reasonable
likelihood of adversely affecting human health or the environment.
Page 39 of 46 '!
APPENDIX A—DEFINITIONS
.�KART is an acronym for"all known, available, and reasonable methods of prevention, control,
and treatment."AKART represents the most current methodology that can be reasonably
required for preventing, controlling, or abating the pollutants and controlling pollution associated
with a discharge.
Applicable TMDL means a TMDL for turbidity, fine sediment, high pH,or phosphorus, which
has been completed and approved by EPA prior to November 16, 2005, or prior to the date the
operator's complete permit application is received by Ecology, whichever is later.
.�plicant means an operator seeking coverage under this permit.
Best Maria�ement Practices (BMPs)means schedules of activities,prohibitions of practices,
maintenance procedures, and other physical, structural and/or managerial practices to prevent or
reduce the pollution of waters of the state. BMPs include treatment systems, operating
procedures, and practices to control: stormwater associated with construction activity, spillage
or leaks, sludge or waste disposal; or drainage from raw material storage.
Bu er means an area designated by a local jurisdiction that is contiguous to and intended to
protect a sensitive area
Bvpass means the intentional diversion of waste streams from any portion of a treatment facility.
Calendar Week(same as Week)means a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday.
Certif ed Erosion and Sediment Control Lead(CESCL) means a person who has current
certification through an approved erosion and sediment control training program that meets the
minimum training standards established by Ecology {see BMP C160 in the SWMM).
Clean Water Act(CWA)means the Federal Water Pollution Control Act enacted by Public Law
92-500, as amended by Public Laws 95-217, 95-576, 96-483, and 97-117; USC 1251 et seq.
Combined Sewer means a sevver which has been designed to serve as a sanitary sewer and a
storm sewer, and into which inflow is allowed by local ordinance.
Common plan o development or sale means a site where multiple separate and distinct
construction activities may be taking place at different times �n different schedules,but still
under a single plan. Examples include: 1)phased projects and projects with multiple filings or
lots, even if the separate phases or filings/lots will be constructed under separate contract or by
separate owners (e.g., a development where lots are sold to separate builders); 2) a development
plan that may be phased over multiple years, but is still under a consistent plan for long-term
development; and 3)projects in a contiguous area that may be unrelated but still under the same
contract, such as construction of a buildina extension and a new parking lot at the same facility.
Page 40 of 46
If the project is part of a common plan of development or sale, the disturbed area of the entire
plan shall be used in determining permit requirements.
Composite Sample A mixture of grab saxnples collected at the same sampling point at different
times, formed either by continuous sampling or by mixing discrete samples. May be "time-
composite" (collected at constant time intervals) or "flow-proportional" (collected either as a
constant sample volume at time intervals proportional to stream flow, or collected by increasing
the volume of each aliquot as the flow increases while maintaining a constant time interval
between the aliquots.
Construction Activity means land disturbing operations including clearing, grading or excavation
which disturbs the surface of the land. Such activities may include road construction,
construction of residential houses, office buildings, or industrial buildings, and demolition
activity.
Demonstrablv E�uivalent means that the technical basis for the selection of all stormwater BMPs
is documented within a SWPPP, including:
� l. The method and reasons for choosing the stormwater BMPs selected;
�!. 2. The pollutant removal performance expected from the BMPs selected;
3. The technical basis supporting the performance claims for the BMPs selected,
� including any available data concerning field performance of the BMPs selected;
4. An assessment of how the selected BMPs will comply with state water quality
standards: and
5. An assessment of how the selected BMPs will satisfy both applicable federal
technology-based treatment requirements and state requirements to use all known,
available, and reasonable methods of prevention, control, and treatment(AKART).
Department means the Washington State Department of Ecology.
Detention means the temporary storage of stormwater to improve quality and/or to reduce the
mass flow rate of discharge.
De-waterinQ means the act of pumping ground water or stormwater away from an active
construction site.
; Director means the Director of the Washington Department of Ecology or his�er authorized
representative.
Dischar�means an owner or operator of any facility or activity subject to regulation under
Chapter 90.48 RCW or the Federal Clean Water Act.
Domestic Wastewater means water carrying human wastes, including kitchen, bath, and laundry
wastes from residences,buildings, industrial establishments, or other places,together with such
ground water infiltration or surface waters as may be present. ',
Page 41 of 46
Engineered soils The use of soil amendments including, but not limited, to Portland cement
treated base (CTB), cement kiln dust(CKD), or fly ash to achieve certain desirable soil
characteristics.
Eauivalent BMPs means operational, source control, treatment, or innovative BMPs which result
in equal or better quality of stormwater discharge to surface water or to gxound water than BMPs
selected from the SWMM.
Erosion means the wearing away of the land surface by running water,wind, ice, or other
geological agents, including such processes as gravitational creep.
Erosion and Sediment Control BMPs means BMPs that are intended to prevent erosion and
sedimentation, such as preserving natural vegetation, seeding, mulching and matting, plastic
covering, filter fences; sediment traps, and ponds. Erosion and sediment control BMPs are
synonymous with stabilization and structural BMPs.
Final Stabilization(same as,fullv stabilized or.full stabilization) means the establishment of a
permanent vegetative cover, or equivalent permanent stabilization measures (such as riprap,
gabions or geotextiles) which prevents erosion.
Ground Water means water in a saturated zone or stratum beneath the land surface or a surface
water body.
Iniection well means a"well"that is used for the subsurface emplacement of fluids. (see Wel�
Jurisdiction means a political unit such as a city,town or county; incorporated for local self- '
government. �
National Pollutant Dischar�e Elimination System (NPDES)means the national program for
issuing, modifying,revoking and reissuing, terminating, monitoring, and enforcing permits, and
imposing and enforcing pretreatment requirements,under sections 307, 402, 318, and 405 of the
Federal Clean Water Act, for the discharge of pollutants to surface waters of the state from point
sources. These permits are referred to as NPDES permits and, in Washington State, are
administered by the Washington Deparnnent of Ecology.
R�otice oflntent(NOn means the application for, or a request for coverage under this general
permit pursuant to WAC 173-226-200.
Notice of Termination (NOT) means a request for termination of coverage under this general
permit as specified by Special Condition S 10 of this permit.
Operator means any party associated with a construction project that meets either of the
following two criteria: ,
1. The party has operational control over construction plans and specifications, including the
ability to make modifications to those plans and specifications; or
Page 42 of 4b
2. The party has day-to-day operational control of those activities at a project which are
necessary to ensure compliance with a SWPPP for the site or other permit conditions (e.g., they
are authorized to direct workers at a site to carry out activities required by the SV�PPP or comply
with other permit conditions).
Ou all means the location where stormwater leaves the site. It also includes the location where
stormwater is discharged to a surface waterbody within a site,but does not inc(ude discharges to
, on-site stormwater treatmendinfiltration devices or storm sewer systems.
Permzttee means individual or entity that receives notice of coverage under this general permit.
�H means a liquid's acidity or alkalinity. A pH of 7 is defined as neutral. Large variations above
or below this value are considered harmful to most aquatic life.
pHMonitorinQFeriod means the time period in which the pH of stormwater runoff from a site
shall be tested a minimum of once every seven days to determine if stormwater is above pH 8.�.
Point Source means any discernible, confined, and discrete conveyance, including but not
� limited to, any pipe, ditch, channel,tunnel, conduit,well, discrete fissure, and container from
which pollutants are or may be discharged to surface waters of the state. This term does not
I include return flows from irrigated agriculture. (See Fact Sheet for further explanation.)
Pollutant means dredged spoil, solid waste, incinerator residue, filter backwash, sewa�e,
garbage, domestic sewage sludge (biosolids),munitions, chemical wastes, biological materials,
radioactive materials, heat, wrecked or discarded equipment, rock, sand, cellar dirt,and
industrial, municipal, and agricultural waste. This term does not include sevvage from vessels
within the meaning of section 312 of the CWA, nor does it include dredged or fill material
discharged in accordance with a permit issued under section 404 of the CWA.
Pollution means contamination or other alteration of the physical, chemical, or biological
properties of waters of the state; including change in temperature, taste, color, turbidity, or odor
of the waters; or such discharge of any liquid, gaseous, solid, radioactive or other.substance into
any waters of the state as will or is likely to create a nuisance or render such waters harmful,
detrimental or injurious to the public health, safety or welfare; or to domestic, commercial,
industrial, agricultural, recreational, or other legitimate beneficial uses; or to livestock, wild
animals, birds, fish or other aquatic life.
Receiving Water means the waterbody at the point of dischar�e. If the discharge is to a storm
sewer system, either surface or subsurface, the receiving water is the waterbody that the storm
sewer system discharges to. Systems designed primarily for other purposes such as for ground
water drainage, redirecting stream natural flows, or for conveyance of irrigation water/return
flows that coincidentally convey stormwater are considered the receiving water.
Representative means a stormwater or wastewater sample which represents the flow and
characteristics of the discharge. Representative samples may be a grab sample, a time-
proportionate composite sample, or a flow proportionate sample. Ecology's Construction
Stormwater Monitoring Manual provides guidance on representative sampling.
' Page 43 of 46
� Sanitarv Sewer means a sewer which is designed to conve5-domestic wastewater.
Sediment means the fragmented materi,al that originates from the weathering and erosion of rocks
or unconsolidated deposits, and is transported by, suspended in, or deposited by water.
Sedimentation means the depositing or formation of sediment.
Sensitive area means a waterbody, wetland, stream, aquifer recharge area, or channel migration
zone.
SEPA (State Environmental Policy Act) means the Washington State Law, RCW 43.21C.020,
intended to prevent or eliminate damage to the environment.
SiQnifcantAmount means an amount of a pollutant in a discharge that is amenable to available
and reasonable methods of prevention or treatment; or an amount of a pollutant that has a
reasonable potential to cause a violation of surface or ground water quality or sediment
management standards.
SiQrtificant Concrete Work means greater than 1000 cubic yards poured concrete or recycled
; concrete.
Sign�cant Cont�-ibutor of Pollutants means a facility determined by Ecolo�- to be a contributor
of a significant amount(s) of a pollutant(s)to waters of the state of VVashington.
Site means the land or w�ater area where any "facilin�or activity" is physically located or
conducted.
Source Control B11�IPs means physical, structural or mechanical devices or facilities that are
intended to prevent pollutants from entering stormwater. A few examples of source control
BMPs are erosion control practices, maintenance of stormwater facilities, constructing roofs over
storage and working areas, and directing wash �vater and similar discharges to the sanitary sewer
or a dead end sump.
Stabilization means the application of appropriate BMPs to prevent the erosion of soils, such as,
temporary and permanent seeding, vegetative covers, mulching and matting,plastic covering and
' sodding. See also the definition of Erosion and Sediment Control BMPs.
Storm Drain means any dram which drams directly mto a storm sewer system, usually found
along roadways or in parking lots.
Storm Sewer System means a means a conveyance, or system of conveyances (including roads
with drainage systems, municipal streets, catch basins, curbs, gutters, ditches, manmade
channels, or storm drains designed or used for collecting or conveying stormwater. This does
not include systems which are part of a combined sewer or Publicly Owned Treatment Works
(POTW) as defined at 40 CFR 122.2.
Page 44 of 46
Stormwater means that portion of precipitation that does not naturally percolate into the ground
or evaporate, but flows via overland flow, interflow, pipes, and other features of a stormwater
drainage system into a defined surface water body, or a constructed infiltration facility.
Stormwater Management 1�Ianual (SWMM) or 11�lanual means the technical manual published by
� Ecology for use by local governments that contain descriptions of and design criteria for BMPs
to prevent, control, or treat pollutants in stormwater.
Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) means a documented plan to implement
measures to identify, prevent, and control the contamination of point source discharges of
stormwater.
Surface Waters o the State includes lakes, rivers,ponds, streams, inland waters, salt waters, and
all other surface waters and water courses within the jurisdiction of the state of Washington.
Total Maximum Dailv Load(T'MDL) means a calculation of the maximum amount of a pollutant
that a waterbody can receive and still meet state water quality standards. Percentages of the total
m�imum daily load are allocated to the various pollutant sources. A TMDL is the sum of the
allowable loads of a single pollutant from all contributing point and nonpoint sources. The
, TMDL calculations shall include a"margin of safety" to ensure that the waterbody can be
' protected in case there are unforeseen events or unknown sources of the pollutant The
calculation shall also account for seasonable variation in water quality.
Treatment BMPs means BMPs that are intended to remove pollutants from stormwater. A few
examples of treatment BMPs are detention ponds, oil/water separators, biofiltration, and
; constructed wetlands.
Trans�arency means a measurement of water clarity in centimeters (cm), using a 60 cm.
transparency tube. The transparency tube is used to estimate the relative clarity or transparency
of water by noting the depth at which a black and white Secchi disc becomes visible wher�water
is released from a value in the bottom of the tube. A transparency tube is sometimes referred to
as a "turbidity tube".
Turbiditv The clarity of water expressed as nephelometric turbidity units (NTLT) and measured
with a calibrated turbidimeter.
yG'aste Load Allocation (Y�'LA) means the portion of a receiving water's loading capacity that is
allocated to one of its existing or future point sources of pollution. R-'LAs constitute a t�pe of
water quality based effluent limitation (40 CFR 130.2(h)).
Water Qualitv means the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of�ater, usually with
respect to its suitability for a particular purpose.
Waters o the State includes those waters as defined as "waters of the United States" in 40 CFR
Subpart 122.2 w�ithin the geographic boundaries of Washinb on State and "waters of the state" as
Page 45 of 46
defined in Chapter 90.48 RCW which include lakes, rivers,ponds, streams, inland waters,
underground waters, salt waters, and all other surface waters and water courses within the
jurisdiction of the state of Washington.
tiYell means a bored,drilled or driven shaft, or dug hole whose depth is greater than the
largest surface dimension. (see Injection Wel�
Page 46 of 46
APPENDIX B—ACRONYMS
AKART All Known, Available, and Reasonable Methods of Prevention, Control, and
Treatment
BMP Best Management Practice
CESCL Certified Erosion and Sediment Control Lead
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CKD Cement Kiln Dust
cm Centimeters
CTB Cement Treated Base
CWA Clean Water Act
DMR Discharge Monitoring Report
EPA Environmental Protection Agency II
ESC Erosion and Sediment Control
NOI Notice of Intent
NOT Notice of Termination
NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System I
NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Unit
RCW Revised Code of Washington
SEPA State Environmental Policy Act
SWMM Stormwater Management Manual
SWPPP Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan
TNIDL Total Maximum Daily Load
UIC Underground Injection Control
USC United States Code
USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency
WAC Washington Administrative Code
Vi-'Q Water Quality
WWHM Western Washington Hydrology Model
��
NOTICE OF INTENT (NOI) Check if applicable:
APPLICATION FORM ❑ Change/Update Permit
��sx y,rou srarE Information
0 E P 6 II i Y E Y ' 9 F �
E c o � o c Y Construction Stormwater General Permit ❑ Modification of Permit
Coverage
Permit #WAR
Please print or type legibly a!!sections of this application.
I. Operator/Permittee II. Site Owner
Operator: Person who has operational control over
plans and specifications andlor has day-to-day (If different than OperatorlPermittee)
operational control of activities which ensure
� compliance with permit conditions.
Name Scott Evans Name Rob King
Company SD Deacon Company Harvest Partners
Unified Business Identifier(UBI) SDDEACW108NT Unified Business Identifier(UBI) Non Applicable ,
Individuals without a UBI, enter none or non-a plicable. Individuals without a UBI, enter none or non-a licable.
Mailing Address 2375 130 Avenue NE, Suite 200 Mailing Address 20503 88 Avenue West
PO Box(Optional) PO Box (Optional)
City Bellevue State WA Zip City Edmonds State WA Zip 98026
98005
'hone No. Business (425)284-4000 Phone No. Business (425) 778-1921
�ell 206 769-4542 Cell 206 419-0853
E-mail (Optional) scott.evans@deacom.com E-mail (Optional)
Fax No. O tional 425 284-4100 Fax No. (O tional 425 778-3921
III. On-site Contact Person IV. Billing Information
Same as Certified Erosion 8�Sediment Control Lead
Name Kathryn Brown Name Dennis O'Neill '
Title Environmental Scientist Title Senior Project Manager
Company Kleinfelder, Inc. Company Kleinfelder, Inc.
Mailing Address 2405 140 Ave NE, Suite A-101 Mailing Address 2405 140 Ave NE, Suite A-101
PO Box(Optional} PO Box(Optional)
City Bellevue State WA Zip 98005 City Bellevue State WA Zip 98005
Phone No. Business (425) 562-4200 Phone No. Business (425) 562-4200
Cell (425 301-2836 Cell 425 922-3359
E-mail (Optional) kbrown@kleinfelder.com E-mail (Optional) doneill@kleinfelder.com
Fax No. (O tional (425) 562-4201 Fax No. (Optional) (425 562-4201
�CY 020-85 (rev 12/05) Page 1
V. Site Location VI. Site Information
Site/Project Name
The Landin Total size of site: 44 acres
Street Address or Location Description (!f the project or
site Iacks a streef address, indicate the genera!location Total area of soil disturbance: 35 acres (Enfer the
of the site (e.g., lntersection of Highways 61 and 34)) estimated tota!area to be disturbed during the life of the
project including grubbing, excavation, grading, ufilities and
lntersection of Park Avenue and 8�h Street infrastructure installation. Note: 1 acre = 43,560 ft2
Type of project(Road, utilities, subdivision, prirrate How many cubic yards of concrete will be poured? 5,000 yd3
home, commercial, etc.)
How many�cubic yards of recycled concrete will be used?
Commercial 5,000 yd
How many cubic yards of engineered soils (CTB, CKD, etc.)
will be used� 0 yd3
City(or nearest city) Renton Zip Estimated project start-up date: 1/01/06
County King Estimated project completion date: 1/01/08
Record the latitude and longitude of the site. * Record the latitude and Jongitude of main entrance to the site. For
projects without a main entrance (pipelines, roads, etc.), record approxrmafe cenfer of site.
degrees, minutes, seconds degrees, minutes, seconds
Latitude 42 ° 29 ' 50 ° N Longitude -122 ° 12 ' 09 " W
*For assistance with latitude and longifude refer to: http://cfpubl.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/latlong.cfm or
www.topozone.com orhttp://www.epa.gov/tri/report/siting_tool/index.htm. ,
VII. Discharge/Receiving Water Information
Discharge: Does your construction site's storm water discharge to:
❑ A stormwater infiltration structure with discharge to ground water? (e.g., infiltration pond, dry well, regional detention
basin, etc.)
X Directly or indirectly to a surface water body/water bodies (e.g., via storm drain system, roadside ditch, pipe, etc.)?
Provide locations below or attach separate sheet, if necessary.
Does your project include dewatering? ❑Yes X No
Dewatering plans and discharge locations must be included in the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan.
Some large construction projects (subdivisions, roads, pipelines, etc.) may discharge fo severa!water bodies. !f the map
does not provide a name of a creek or tributary, use a format such as "unnamed trrbutary fo Bu!!Run Creek. Please
indicate the name of the receiving water body. (Atfach a separate list for mulfiple water bodies.)
Are any of the water bodies designated as water quality impaired?"(i.e., is the water body 303(d) listed or have a TMDL
for turbidi , fine sediment, phosphorus or p�,?. ❑ Yes X No
*For information on impaired water bodies,
http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/w stormwafer/construction/consf maps.htm!
ECY 020-85(rev 12/OS) Page 2
Location of Discharge to Receiving Water
�nter the water body name, latitude/longitude"`of the point(s)where the site discharges to the receiving water body
.anter all locations).
Latitude Lon itude
Receiving Water Body degrees,minutes,seconds degrees,minutes,seconds
Lake Washin ton a� � so � �s N -» � �2 � is w
� � N � � vy
� , N � � W �
o , N o � W
�
• ° ' N ° ' W
` For assistance with latitude and longitude refer to: http://cfpubl.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/latlong.cfm (or
www.topozone.com) or http://www.epa.govltri/report/siting_fool/index.htm
VIII. Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP
Has a SWPPP been developed that includes a narrative and drawings? ❑ Yes X No
!f NO, the SWPPP musf be completed prior fo start of construction.
IX. State Environmental Policy Act(SEPA)
SEPA requirements must be complied with prior to submittal of the stormwater permit application. If exempt, provide
documentation thatjustifies SEPA exemption.
Has SEPA been complied with? X Yes ❑ No ❑ Exempt Date of SEPA compliance October 21, 2003
(
I X. Public Notice
The public notice must be published at least once each week for two consecutive weeks, in a single newspaper of
general circulation in the county in which the construction is to take place. See the NOI instructions for the public
notice language requirements. Permit coverage will not be granted sooner than 31 days after the date of the
second public notice.
Note: Submit the NOI and public notice to Ecology before the date of the first public notice. You may fax the NOI
and public notice to (360)407-6426. You can also attach a copy of the public notice to this form.
Provide the exact dates (mm/dd/yy)that the first and second public notices will appear in the newspaper:
Date of the first notice 01/14/2006
Date of second notice 01/21 /2006
Name of the newspaper that will run the public notices: Kinq County Journal
Ecology does not require the submittal of the affidavit of publication.
Complete the above public notice information or provide a copy of the notice to be published.
ECY 020-85(rev 12/05) Page 3
PUBLIC NOTICE TEMPLATE
SD Deacon, 2375 130U'Avenue NE, Suite 200, Bellevue, WA, is seeking coverage under the Washington Department
of Ecology's NPDES General Permit for Stormwater Discharges Associated with Construction Activities.
he proposed 44 acre project, known as The Landing is located at the intersection of Park Avenue and 8�h Street in
Renton, WA. Approximately 35 acres will be disturbed for construction of a mixed-use development. Construction
activities to take place onsite include grading, stockpiling of approximately 80,000 yd3, construction of stormwater
facilities, roads, utilities, 34 commercial buildings, sidewalks, and landscaping. Stormwater wilt be pumped into Baker
Tanks, tested for discharge criteria and treated if necessary prior to discharging into the existing stormwater system.
Any persons desiring to present their views to the Department of Ecology concerning this application may notify
Ecology in writing within 30 days from the last date of publication of this notice.
Comments may be submitted to: Washington Department of Ecology
Water Quality Program
Stormwater Unit- Construction
PO Box 4769fi
Olympia, WA 98504-7696
XI. Certification of Permittees
"I cert�under penalty of law that this docunaent and all attachments were prepared under my direction or
supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate
the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system or those directly
responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted rs, to the best of my knowledge and belief,
true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information,
including the possibility offine and imprisonmentfor knowing violations."
Operator's Printed Name' Ti�e
Operators Signature'` Date
* Federal regulations require this application to be signed as follows:
A. For a corporation, by a principal executive officer of at least the level of vice president;
B. For a partnership or sole proprietorship, by a general partner or the proprietor, respectively; or
C. For a municipality, state, federal, or other public facility, by either a principal executive officer or ranking elected
official.
Please sign and return this document to the following address: Washington Department of Ecology
Water Quality Program
Construction Stormwater Unit
PO Box 47696
Olympia, WA 98504-7696
If you have any questions, please call:
o (360)407-7451 Charles Gilman for city of Seattle or counties: Kitsap, Pierce, Thursfon
o (360)407-7229 Tammie McClure for counties: King, lsland, San Juan
o (360)407-6437 Linda Matlock for counties: Whatcom, Skagit, Snohomish, Ferry, Sfevens, Pend Oreille, Linco/n,
Spokane, Grant, Adams, Whitman, Franklin, Walla Walla, Columbia, Ga�eld, Asotin
o (360) 407-6858 Joyce Smith for counties: Okanogan, Chelan, Douglas, Kittitas, Yakima, Benton, Klickitat,
Skamania, Clark, Cowlitz, Wahkiakum, Lewis, Pac�c, Grays Harbor, Mason, Jefferson, ClaUam
!f you require this documenf in an altemative format please contact the Water Qua!'rty Program af(360)-407-6401. !i you are a person with a
speech or hearing impairmertf,caN 711 for refay service or 1-800-833-6388 for T7Y. Ecology is an Equa!Opportunity Agency.
I I �
ECY 020-85(rev 12/05) Page 4
�"� Notice of Termination Form
�
� Construction Stormwater General Permit permit#WAR
�Swi�61p� il�if
iflIAIY Yi 01
E C o L�o c Y Use this form to end permit coverage
I. OPERATOR(Permittee) II. SITE OWNER
Contact Name Phone No. Owner's Name Phone No.
Scott Evans 425}284-4000 Rob King (425)778-1921
Title Titie
Company Company Name
SD Deacon Harvest Partners
Mailing Address Mailing Address
2375 130`°Avenue NE, Suite 200 20503 88`"Avenue West
City State Zip+4 City State Zip+4
Bellevue WA 98005 Edmonds WA 98026
Email address Fax No. Email address Fax No.
scott.evans@deacom.com (425}284-4100 (425)778-3921
Alternate contad: Alternate contad:
Name phone# Name phone#
email Cell phone# email Celi hone#
III. SITE LOCATION/ADDRESS IV. BILLING ADDRESS
Site Name Contact Name Phone No.
The Landin Dennis O'Neill (425 562�200
Street Address (or Location Description) Title
Intersection of Park Avenue and 8"h Street Senior Project Manager
Company Name
Kleinfelder, Inc
:ity(or nearest city) ZiP Mailing Address
Renton 2405 140'"Ave NE,Suite A-101
County City State Zip+4
King Bellevue WA 98005
Provide legal description rf no address for site(attach separate sheet if necessary).
Name of receiving waters: Lake Washinqton
V. CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY-Termination
The site is eligible for termination by one or both of the following methods: Check all that apply:
❑ The site has undergone final stabilization. The operator has: permanently stabilized all exposed soils, removed all
temporary BMPs, and eliminated all stormwater discharges associated with construction activity.
❑ All portions of the site, which have not undergone final stabilization (Permit Condition S10.A.1) have been sold
and/or transferred (Permit C.ondition G9), and the Permittee no longer has operational control of the construction
activity.
VI. CERTIFICATION OF PERMITTEE(S). Please read the certification statement carefully before signing.
"I certify under penalty of law that all stormwater discharges associated with construction activity from the identified site that are authorized
by the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System(NPDES)and State Waste Discharge general permit have been eliminated, or that I
am no longer the permittee for this site. I understand that by submitting this Notice of Termination that I am no longer authorized to discharge
� stormwater associated with construction activi b the eneral
ty y g permit, and that discharging pollutants in stormwater to waters of the State of
Washington is unlawful under the Clean Water Act where the discharge is not authorized by a NPDES permit. I also understand that the
submittal of this Notice of Termination does not release the permittee from liability for any violations of this permit or the Clean Water Act.°
7perator Printed Name and Title Date
Operator Signature Date
ECY 020-87(Rev 12!Q5)
Instructions for Notice of Termination Form
The permittee of the site must submit a Notice of Termination to the Department of Ecology: when 1)all stormwater
'ischarges from a construction site are eliminated and the site has undergone final stabilization, or 2)the site has been
transferred to a different operator(s). The permit fees will continue until Ecology receives this notice.
1. Permit Number Enter the permit number for the facility.
2. Operator(Section I) Give the name, address, and telephone number of the person who is
responsible for the permit.
3. Owner(Section IO Give the name, and the address of the person, company,firm, public
corporation, municipality or any other entity, which ow�ns or legally represents
the site.
4. Site Address (Section Iil) Enter the street address or location description, including the city or nearest
city and county for the construction site. Construction sites which do not have
a street address must also provide a legal description in the space provided or
as an attachment.
5. Billing Address (Section IV) Indicate where the final fee invoice should be sent.
6. Acreage Provide number of disturbed acres in the project.
7. Construction Activity Indicate that all stormwater discharges associated with construction activity are
(Section V) eliminated, and final stabilization of all exposed soils is completed. Or; indicate
that the permit has been transferred to another responsible party(ies) for
management and provide the information required on the Transfer of Coverage
form.
8. Receiving Waters Provide named and unnamed receiving waters (including wetlands and storm
drains).
9. Certification of Permittee(s) Read this sta.tement carefully. The operator or authorized representative of the
(Section Vly operator must print his or her name for clarity,then sign and date the
document on the lines provided. Refer to General Condition G2 in the permit
for signatory requirements.
Submit the Notice of Termination to:
Department of Ecology
Stormwater Unit—Construction
PO Box 47696
Olympia, WA 98504-7696
Note: Confirmation of termination requests will be sent 30 days from date of receipt.
Questions
For questions concerning proper completion of this form, contact the Deparlment of Ecology:
0 360-407-7451 Charles Gilman for city of Seattle or counties: Kitsap, Pierce,Thurston
0 360-407-7229 Tammie McClure for counties: King,Island, San Juan
0 360-407-6437 Linda Matlock for counties: Whatcom, Skagit, Snohomish,Ferry, Stevens,Pend Oreille, Lincoln,
Spokane, Grant, Adams,Whitman,Franklin,Walla Walla,Columbia, Garfield,Asotin
0 360-407-68�8 Joyce Smith for counties: Okanogan, Chelan, Douglas,Kittitas,Yakima, Benton,Klickitat,
Skamania, Clark, Cowlitz, Wahkiakum, Lewis, Pacific, Grays Harbor, Mason, Jefferson, Clallam
ITyou need this publication in an alternate format,please contact us at 360--�07-6401 or 7T�'(for the speeclz and hearing impaired) at
�l l or 1-�'00-833-6388.
ECY 020-87 (Rev 12/05)
-
Appendix B
CONSTRUCTION EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
PLAN
.
�
.
THE LANDING PPP-SS-TTTT
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1111-SS-ddd JNI4N`d� 3Hl
Appendix C
STORMWATER POLLUTION CONTROLS ',
BMP SPECIFICATION LIST
Source Control BMPs
• BMP C101: Preserving Natural Vegetation
• BNIP C105: Stabilized Construction Entrance
• BMP C107: Construction Road/Parking Area Stabilization
• BMP C 121: Mulching (if necessary)
� BMP C 123: Plastic Covering(if necessary)
• BMP C124: Sodding (if necessary)
• BMP C 12�: Topsoiling
• BMP C140: Dust Control (if necessary)
• BMP C 150: Materials on Hand
• BMP C 151: Concrete Handling
• BMP C152: Sawcutting and Surface Pollution Prevention I
Runoff, Conveyance, and Treatment BMPs
� I
• BMP C200: Interceptor Dike And Swale (if necessary)
'� • BMP C207: Check Dams (if necessary)
• BNIP C220: Storm Drain Inlet Prote�tion
• BMP C230: Straw Bale Barrier
• BMP C233: Silt Fence
• BMP C250: Construction Stormwater Chemical Treatment (Carbon
Dioxide Treatment Only) (if necessary)
Source:
Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washingto�n. Publication
No. 99-12. August 2000.
.
� 4.1 Source Control BMPs
� BMP C101: Preserving Natural Vegetation '
� Purpose The purpose of preserving natural vegetation is to reduce erosion wherever
practicable. Limiting site d�sturbance is the single most effective method
for reducing erosion. For example, conifers can hold up to about 50
� percent of all rain that falls during a storm. Up to 20-30 percent of this rain
. may never reach the ground but is taken up by the tree or evaporates.
Another benefit is that the rain held in the tree can be released slowly to the
� ground after the storm.
Conditions of Use � Natural vegetation should be preserved on steep slopes, n�ar
' perennial and intermittent watercourses or swales, and on building
sites in wooded areas.
, • As required by local governments.
Design and Natural vegetation can be preserved in natural clumps or as individual
,
Installation trees, shrubs and vines.
Specifications
The preservation of individual plants is more difficult because heavy ,
equipment is generally used to remove unwanted vegetation. The points �
i ' to remember when attempting to save individual plants are:
• Is the plant worth saving? Consider the location, species, size,age,
, vigor, and the work involved. Local governments may also have
ordinances to save natural vegetation and trees.
• Fence or clearly mark areas around trees that are to be saved. It is
I ' preferable to keep ground disturbance away from the trees at least as
far out as the dripline. '
� Plants need protection from three kinds of injuries:
• Construction Equipment-This injury can be above or below the
ground level. Damage results from scarring, cutting of roots, and
�' compaction of the soil. Placing a fenced buffer zone around plants to
be saved prior to construction can prevent construction equipment
injuries.
• Grade Changes - Changing the natural ground level will alter grades,
which affects the plant's ability to obtain the necessary air, water, and
minerals. Minor fills usually do not cause problems although
sensitivity between species does vary and should be checked. Trees
can tolerate fill of 6 inches or less. For shrubs and other plants, the fill
should be less.
When there are major changes in grade, it may become necessary to
supply air to the roots of plants. This can be done by placing a layer of
J � gravel and a tile system over the roots before the fill is made. A tile
- 4-2 Volume!1—Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention Augusf 2001
system protects a tree from a raised grade. The tile system should be
laid out on the original grade leading from a dry well around the tree
trunk. The system should then be covered with small stones to allow
air to circulate over the root area..
Lowering the natural ground level can seriously damage trees and
shrubs. The highest percentage of the plant roots are in the upper 12
inches of the soil and cuts of only 2-3 inches can cause serious injury.
To protect the roots it may be necessary to terrace the immediate area
around the plants to be saved. If roots are exposed, construction of
retaining walls may be needed to keep the soil in place. Plants can
also be preserved by leaving them on an undisturbed, gently sloping
mound. To increase the chances for s�rvival, it is best to limit grade
changes and other soil disturbances to areas outside the dripline of the
plant.
• Excavations-Protect trees and other plants when excavating for
drainfields,power,water, and sewer lines. Where possible, the
trenches should be routed around trees and large shrubs. When this is
not possible, it is best to tunnel under them. This can be done with
hand tools or with power augers. If it is not possible to route the
trench around plants to be saved, then the following should be
observed:
Cut as few roots as possible. VVhen you have to cut, cut clean. Paint '�
cut root ends with a wood dressing like asphalt base paint. '
Backfill the trench as soon as possible. ,
Tunnel beneath root systems as close to the center of the main trunk to �I
preserve most of the unportant feeder roots.
R I
Some problems that can be encountered with a few specific trees are:
• Maple,Dogwood, Red alder, Western hemlock, Western red cedar,
and Douglas fir do not readily adjust to changes in environment and
special care should be taken to protect these trees.
• The windthrow hazard of Pacific silver fir and madronna is high, while
that of Westem hemlock is moderate. The danger of windthrow
increases where dense stands have been thinned. Other species (unless
they are on shallow,wet soils less than 20 inches deep) have a low
windthrow hazard.
• Cottonwoods, maples, and willows have water-seeking roots. These
can cause trouble in sewer lines and infiltration fields. On the other
hand,they thrive in high moisture conditions that other trees would
not.
• Thinning operations in pure or miYed stands of Grand fir,Pacific silver
fir,Noble fir, Sitka spruce, Westem red cedar, Western hemlock,
� August 2001 Volume Il—Construction Sformwater Pol/ution Preventron 4-3
Pacific dogwood, and Red alder can cause serious disease problems.
Disease can become established through damaged limbs, trunks, roots,
and freshly cut stumps. Diseased and weakened trees are also
susceptible to insect attack.
Maintenance • Inspect flagged and/or fenced areas regularly to make sure flagging or
Standards fencing has not been removed or damaged. If the flagging or fencing
has been damaged or visibility reduced, it shall be repaired or
replaced immediately and visibility restored.
• If tree roots have been exposed or injured, "prune" cleanly with an
appropriate pruning saw or lopers directly above the damaged roots
and recover with native soils. Treatment of sap flowing trees (fir,
hemlock, pine, soft maples) is not advised as sap forms a natural
healing barrier.
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� 4-4 Volume 1!—Construction Stormwafer Pollution Prevention August 2001
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BMP C105: Stabilized Construction Entrance
Purpose Construction entrances are stabilized to reduce the amount of sediment
_ transported onto paved roads by vehicles or equipment by constructing a
stabilized pad of quarry spalls at entrances to construction sites.
Conditions of Use Construction entrances shall be stabilized wherever traffic will be leaving
' a construction site and traveling on paved roads or other paved areas
within 1,000 feet of the site.
�
On large commercial, highway, and road projects, the designer should
include enough extra materials in the contract to allow for additional
stabilized entrances not shown in the initial Construction SWPPP. It is
difficult to detemune exactly where access to these projects will take
� place; additional materials will enable the contractor to install them where
needed.
Design and • See Figure 4.2 for details.
Installation A separation geotextile shall be placed under the spalls to prevent
Specifications � �e sediment from pumping up into the rock pad. The geotextile
•' shall meet the following standards:
Grab Tensile Strength (ASTM D4751) 200 psi min.
' Grab Tensile Elongation (ASTM D4632) 30% max.
Mullen Burst Strength (ASTM D3786-80a) 400 psi min.
� AOS (ASTM D4751) 20-45(U.S. standard sieve size)
�
• Consider early installation of the first lift of asphalt in areas that will
, paved; this can be used as a stabilized entrance. Also consider the
� installation of excess concrete as a stabilized entrance. During large '
concrete pours, excess concrete is often available for this purpose.
� • Hog fuel (wood-based mulch)may be substituted for or combined with
� quarry spalls in areas that will not be used for permanent roads. Hog
fuel is generally less effective at stabilizing construction entrances and
should be used only at sites where the amount of traffic is very limited.
� � Hog fuel is not recommended for entrance stabilization in urban areas.
The effectiveness of hog fuel is highly variable and it generally
requires more maintenance than quarry spalls. The inspector may at
� any time require the use of quarry spalls if the hog fuel is not
preventing sediment from being tracked onto pavement or if the hog
- fuel is being carried onto pavement. Hog fuel is prohibited in �
` permanent roadbeds because organics in the subgrade soils cause
degradation of the subgrade support over time.
�`= • Fencing(see BMPs C 103 and C 104) shall be installed as necessary to
�� = restrict traffic to the construction entrance. -
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� Whenever possible, the entrance shall be constructed on a firm,
• compacted subgrade. This can substantially increase the effectiveness
of the pad and reduce the need for maintenance.
�
11�Iaintenance • Quarry spalls(or hog fuel) shall be added if the pad is no longer in
Standards accordance with the specifications.
• If the entrance is not preventing sediment from being tracked onto
pavement,then altemative measures to keep the streets free of
sediment shall be used. This may include street sweeping, an increase
� in the dimensions of the entrance, or the installation of a wheel wash.
• Any sediment that is tracked onto pavement shall be removed by
shoveling or street sweeping. The sediment collected by sweeping
� shall be removed or stabilized on site. The pavement shall not be
cleaned by washing down the street, except when sweeping is
ineffective and there is a threat to public safety. If it is necessary to
wash the streets, the construction of a small sump shall be considered.
� The sediment would then be washed into the sump where it can be
� controlled.
• Any quarry spalls that are loosened from the pad, which end up on the
roadway shall be removed immediately.
�� • If vehicles are entering or exiting the site at points other than the
� construcrion entrance(s), fencing (see BMPs C 103 and C 104) shall be
installed to control traffic.
� ' • Upon project completion and site stabilization, all construction
"- : accesses intended as permanent access for maintenance shall be
�: permanently stabilized. '
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� Driveway shall meet the
�`: ,= requirements of the " I
permitting agency I
It is recommended that '
the entrance be
crowned so that runoff
� ` oad drains off the pad ,
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Install driveway culvert
if there is a roadside
- ditch present '
4"-8"quarry spalis
- -Geotextile �
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12'mi�.thickness�— ��
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Provide tull width of
ingresslegress area
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August 2009 Volume I!—Construcfion Stormwater PoOution Prevenfion 4-9
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BMP C107: Construction Road/Parking Area Stabilization
Purpose Stabilizing subdivision roads;parking areas, and other onsite vehicle
transportation routes immediately a$er grading reduces erosion caused by
construction traffic or runoff.
Conditions of Use ' Roads or parking areas shall be stabilized wherever they are constructed,
whether permanent or temporary, for use by construction tra�c.
• Fencing(see BMPs C103 and C104) shall be insta.11ed, if necessary, to
limit the access of vehicles to only those roads and parking areas that
are stabilized.
Design and • On areas that will receive asphalt as part of the project, install the first
Installation lift as soon as possible.
Specifications . A 6-inch depth of 2-to 4-inch crushed rock, gravel base, or crushed
surfacing base course shall be applied immediately after grading or
utility installation. A 4-inch course of asphalt treated base (ATB) may
also be used, or the road/parking area may be paved. It may also be
possible to use cement or calcium chloride for soil stabilization. If
cement or cement kiln dust is used for roadbase stabilization,pH
monitoring and BMPs are necessary to evaluate and minimize the
effects on stormwater. If the area will not be used for permanent roads,
parking areas, or structures, a 6-inch depth of hog fuel may also be
used,but this is likely to require more maintenance. Whenever
possible, construction roads and parking azeas shall be placed on a firm,
compacted subgrade.
• Temporary road gradients shall not exceed 15 percent. Roadways shall
be carefully graded to drain. Drainage ditches shall be provided on each
side of the roadway in the case of a crowned section, or on one side in the
case of a super-elevated section. Drainage ditches shall be directed to a �
sediment control BMP.
• Rather than relying on ditches, it may also be possible to grade the road
so that runoff sheet-flows into a heavily vegetated area with a well-
developed topsoil. Landscaped areas are not adequate. If this area has at
_. least 50 feet of vegetarion, then it is generally preferable to use the
eegetation to treat runoff,rather than a sediment pond or trap. The 50
feet shall not include wetlands. If runoff is allowed to sheetflow through
adjacent vegetated areas, it is vital to design the roadways and parking �
areas so that no concentrated runoff is created.
• Storm drain inlets shall be protected to prevent sediment-laden water ,
s entering the storm drain system(see BMP C220).
� Maintenance • Inspect stabilized areas regularly, especially after large storm events. ''
�, Standards . Crushed rock, gravel base,hog fuel, etc. shall be added as required to
� maintain a stable driving surface and to stabilize any areas that have I
- eroded. I
��, • Following construction,these areas shall be restored to pre-construction
�: condition or better to prevent fuhue erosion.
� 4-12 Volume!!—Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention August 2001
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BMP C121: Mulching
Purpose The purpose of mulching soils is to provide immediate temporary
protection from erosion. Mulch also enhances plant establishment by
conserving moisture, holding fertilizer, seed, and topsoil in place,and
moderating soil temperatures. There is an enormous variety of mulches
that can be used. Only the most common types are discussed in this
section.
Conditions of Use As a temporary cover measure, mulch should be used:
• On disturbed areas that require cover measures for less than 30 days.
_ • As a cover for seed during the wet season and during the hot summer
months.
• During the wet season on slopes steeper than 3H:1 V with more than 10
feet of vertical relief.
• Mulch may be applied at any time of the year and must be refreshed
periodically.
� Design and For mulch materials, application rates, and specifications, see Table 4.7.
Installation Note: Thicknesses may be increased for disturbed areas in or near
Specifications sensitive areas or other areas highly susceptible to erosion.
� Mulch used within the ordinary high-water mark of surface waters should
be selected to minimize potential flotation of organic matter. Composted
organic materials have higher specific gravities (densities)than straw,
wood, or chipped material.
Maintenance • The thickness of the cover must be maintained. ,
Standards �y areas that experience erosion shall be remulched and/or protected
' • with a net or blanket. If the erosion problem is drainage related,then
the problem shall be fu�ed and the eroded area remulched.
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Table 4.7
Mulch Standards and Guidelines
Mulch Application
Nlaterial Quali Standards Rates Remarks
Straw Air-dried;free from 2"-3"thick;5 Cost-effective protection when applied with adequate
undesirable seed and bales per 1000 sf thickness. Hand-application generally requ'ues greater
coarse material. or 2-3 tons per thickness than blown straw.The thickness of straw may be
acre reduced by half when used in conjunction with seeding. In
windy areas straw must be heid in place by crimping,using a
tackifier,or covering with netting. Blown straw always has
to be held in place with a tackifier as even light winds will
blow it away.S�aw,however,has several deficiencies that
should be considered when selecting mulch materials.It
often introduces and/or encourages the propagation of weed
species and it has no si�ificant long-term benefits. Straw
should be used only if mulches with long-term benefits are
unavailable locally. It should also not be used within the
ordinary high-water elevation of surface waters(due to
flotation).
Hydromulch No growth Approx.25-30 Shall be applied with hydromulcher. Shail not be used
inhibiting factors. Ibs per 1U00 sf without seed and tackifier unless the application rate is at
or 1500 -2000 least doubled. Fibers longer than about'/.-1 inch clog
Ibs per acre hydromulch equipment. Fibers should be kept to less than'/,
inch.
Composted No visible water or 2"thick min.; More effective control can be obtained by increasing
� Mulch and dust during approx. 100 tons thickness to 3". Excellent mulch for protecting final grades
Compost handling. Must be per acre(approx. until landscaping because it can be direcdy seeded or tilled
purchased from 800 Ibs per yard) into soil as an amendment. Composted mulch has a coarser
,� supplier with Solid size gradation than compost.It is more stable and practical '
Waste Handling to use in wet areas and during rainy weather conditions. �
Permit(unless
exempt).
� Chipped Site Average size shall 2"minimum This is a cost-effective way to dispose of debris from
Vegetation be several inches. thickness clearing and grubbing,and it eliminates the pmblems °
Gradations from associated with burning. Generally,it should not be used on
� fines to 6 inches in slopes above approx. 10%because of its tendency to be
length for texture, transported by runoff. It is not recommended within 200
variation,and feet of surface waters. If seeding is expected shortly after
interlocking mulch,the decomposition of the chipped vegetation may tie
properties. up nutrients important to grass establishment.
Wood-based No visible water or 2"thick;approx. This material is often called"hog or hogged fuel." It is
Mulch dust during 100 tons per acre usable as a material for Stabilized Construcrion Entrances
handling. Must be (approx.800 Ibs. (BMP C105)and as a mulch_ The use of mulch ultimately
� purchased from a per cubic yard) improves the organic matter in the soil. Special caution is
��
supplier with a Solid advised regarding the source and composition of wood-
Waste Handling based mulches. Its preparation typically does not provide
Permit or one any weed seed control,so evidence of residual vegetation in
� exempt from solid its composition or]mown inclusion of weed plants or seeds
waste regulations. should be monitored and prevented(or minimized).
�
- August 2001 Volume!1—Construcfion Stormwater Pollution Prevention 4-21
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BMP C123: Plastic Covering
Purpose Plastic covering provides immediate, short-term erosion protection to
slopes and disturbed areas.
- Conditions of • Plastic covering may be used on disturbed areas that require cover
Use measures for less than 30 days, except as stated below.
• Plastic is particularly useful for protecting cut and fill slopes and
stockpiles. Note: The relatively rapid breakdown of most polyethylene
sheeting makes it unsuitable for long-term(greater than six months) ''
applications.
• Cleaz plastic sheeting can be used over newly-seeded areas to create a
greenhouse effect and encourage grass growth if the hydroseed was
_ installed too late in the season to establish 75 percent grass cover, or if
the wet season started earlier than normal. Clear plastic should not be
used for this purpose during the summer months because the resulting i
_ high temperatures can kill the grass.
• Due to rapid runoff caused by plastic sheeting, this method shall not be
used upslope of areas that might be adversely impacted by
concentrated runoff. Such areas include steep and/or unstable slopes.
• While plastic is inexpensive to purchase, the added cost of installation,
maintenance, removal, and disposal make this an expensive material,
up to$1.50-2.00 per square yard.
• Whenever plastic is used to protect slopes,water collection measures
must be installed at the base of the slope. These measures include
plastic-covered berms, channels, and pipes used to covey clean '
rainwater away from bare soil and disturbed areas. At no time is clean
runoff from a plastic covered slope to be mixed with dirty runoff from
_ a project.
• Other uses for plastic include:
` - 1. Temporary ditch liner;
2. Pond liner in temporary sediment pond;
� 3. Liner for bermed temporary fuel storage area if plastic is not
reactive to the type of fuel being stored;
�< 4. Emergency slope protection during heavy rains; and,
�-°
5. Temporary drainpipe("elephant trunk")used to direct water.
�
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/ 4-26 Volume 1f—Construction Sformwater Pollution Prevention August 2001
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Design and • Plastic slope cover must be installed as follows:
Installation 1. Run plastic up and down slope,not across slope;
. Specifications
2. Plastic may be installed perpendicular to a slope if the sIope length
is less than 10 feet;
- 3. Minimum of 8-inch ov�rlap at seams;
4. On long or wide slopes, or slopes subject to wind, all seams should
be taped;
5. Place plastic into a small (12-inch wide by 6-inch deep) slot trench
� at the top of the slope and backfill with soil to keep water from
flowing underneath;
6. Place sand filled burlap or geotextile bags every 3 to 6 feet along
� seams and pound a wooden stake through each to hold them in
place;
� - 7. Inspect plastic for rips, tears, and open seams regularly and repair
immediately. This prevents high velocity runoff from contacting
� bare soil which causes extreme erosion;
�;'
8. Sandbags may be lowered into place tied to ropes. However, all
sandbags must be staked in place.
�=_
• Plastic sheeting shall have a minimum thickness of 0.06 millimeters.
• If erosion at the toe of a slope is likely, a gravel berm, riprap, or other
� suitable protection shall be installed at the toe of the slope in order to
-- reduce the velocity of runoff.
� Maintenance • Torn sheets must be replaced and open seams repaired. °
-_= Standards
_ • If the plastic begins to deteriorate due to ultraviolet radiation, it must
- be completely removed and replaced.
• When the plastic is no longer needed, it shall be completely removed.
- � • Dispose of old tires appropriately.
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BMP C124: Sodding
Purpose The purpose of sodding is to establish permanent turf for immediate
erosion protection and to stabilize drainage ways where concentrated
overland flow will occur.
Conditions of Use Sodding may be used in the following areas:
• Disturbed areas that require short-term or long-term cover.
• Disturbed areas that require unmediate vegetative cover.
• All waterways that require vegetative lining. Waterways may also be
seeded rather than sodded, and protected with a net or blanket.
Design and Sod shall be free of weeds, of uniform thickness (approximately 1-inch
Installation thick), and shall have a dense root mat for mechanical strength.
Specifications
The following steps are recommended for sod installation:
• Shape and smooth the surface to final grade in accordance with the
approved grading plan. The swale needs to be overexcavated 4 to 6
inches below design elevation to allow room for placing soil
amendment and sod.
�' • Amend 4 inches(minimum) of compost into the top 8 inches of the
soil if the organic content of the soil is less than ten percent or the
permeability is less than 0.6 inches per hour. Compost used should
� meet Ecology publication 94-038 specifications for Grade A quality
compost.
• Fertilize according to the supplier's recommendations.
�� • Work lime and fertilizer 1 to 2 inches into the soil, and smooth the �
surface.
�t • Lay strips of sod beginning at the lowest area to be sodded and
perpendicular to the direction of water flow. Wedge strips securely
into place. Square the ends of each strip to provide for a close, tight
_ fit. Stagger joints at least 12 inches. Staple on slopes steeper than
� 3H:1 V. Staple the upstream edge of each sod strip.
}_ • Roll the sodded area and irrigate.
�=: • When sodding is carried out in alternating strips or other patterns, seed
�' the areas between the sod immediately after sodding.
�_
�_ Maintenance If the grass is unhealthy,the cause shall be determined and appropriate
+ Standards action taken to reestablish a healthy groundcover. If it is impossible to
�
J; establish a healthy groundcover due to frequent saturation, instability, or
�: some other cause, the sod shall be removed, the area seeded with an
-= appropriate mix, and protected with a net or blanket.
= 4-28 Volume ll—Construcfion Stormwafer Poflution Prevention August 2001
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' BMP C125: Topsoiling
Purpose To provide a suitable growth medium for final site stabilization with
�, vegetation. While not a permanent cover practice in itself, topsoiling is an
integral component of providing permanent cover in those areas where
there is an unsuitable soil surface for plant growth. Native soils and
_ disturbed soils that have been organically amended not only retain much
more stormwater, but they also serve as effective biofilters for urban
pollutants and,by supporting more vigorous plant growth, reduce the
_ water, fertilizer and pesticides needed to support installed landscapes.
Topsoil does not include any subsoils but only the material from the top
several inches including organic debris.
Conditions of • Native soils should be left undisturbed to the maximum extent �
Use practicable. Native soils disturbed during clearing and grading should
jl � be restored,to the maximum extent gracticable, to a condition where
moisture-holding capacity is equal to or better than the original site
� conditions. This criterion can be met by using on-site native topsoil,
incorporating amendments into on-site soil, or importing blended
, topsoil.
� • Topsoiling is a required procedure when establishing vegetation on
shallow soils, and soils of critically low pH (high acid) levels.
x'-
- • Stripping of existing, properly functioning soil system and vegetation
for the purpose of topsoiling during construction is not acceptable. If
an existing soil system is functioning properly it shall be preserved in
=- its undisturbed and uncompacted condition.
� • Depending on where the topsoil comes from, or what vegetation was
�_;_ on site before disturbance, invasive plant seeds may be included and �
� could cause problems for establishing native plants, landscaped areas,
or grasses.
�__
`���; • Topsoil from the site will contain mycorrhizal bacteria that are
necessary for healthy root�owth and nutrient transfer. These native
= mycorrhiza are acclimated to the site and will provide optimum
-_ "" conditions for establishing grasses. Commercially available
;� mycorrhiza products should be used when topsoil is brought in from
off-site.
- Design and if topsoiling is to be done, the following items should be considered:
= Installation Maximize the depth of the topsoil wherever possible to provide the
'` Specifications �
�: maximum possible infiltration capacity and beneficial growth
f�� medium. Topsoil depth shall be at least 8 inches with a minimum
,�
a�: organic content of 10 percent dry weight and pH between 6.0 and 8.0
_- or matching the pH of the undisturbed soil. This can be accomplished
�_ either by rehuning native topsoil to the site and/or incorporating
organic amendments. Organic amendments should be incorporated to
_ a minimum 8-inch depth except where tree roots or other natural
;�
_`= August 2001 Volume 1!—Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention 4-29
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features limit the depth of incorporation. Subsoils below the 12-inch
depth should be scarified at least 2 inches to avoid stratified layers,
where feasible. The decision to either layer topsoil over a subgrade or
incorporate topsoil into the underlying layer may vary depending on
the planting specified.
• If blended topsoil is imported, then fines should be limited to 25
percent passi.ng through a 200 sieve.
• The final composition and construction of the soil system will result in
a natural selection or favoring of certain plant species over time. For
example,recent practices have shown that incoiporation of topsoil
may favor grasses, while layering with mildly acidic, high-carbon i
amendments may favor more woody vegetation.
• Locate the topsoil stockpile so that it meets specifications and does not
interfere with work on the site. It may be possible to locate more than
�� one pile in proximity to areas where topsoil will be used.
• Allow sufficient time in scheduling for topsoil to be spread prior to
�:
seeding, sodding, or planting.
� • Care must be taken not to apply to subsoil if the two soils have
contrasting textures. Sandy topsoil over clayey subsoil is a
particularly poor combination, as water creeps along the junction
� between the soil layers and causes the topsoil to slough.
�,.. • If topsoil and subsoil are not properly bonded,water will not infiltrate
�.-; the soil profile evenly and it will be di�cult to establish vegetation.
The best method to prevent a lack of bonding is to actually work the
- topsoil into the layer below for a depth of at least 6 inches.
� • Ripping or re-structuring the subgrade may also provide additional '
�: benefits regarding the overall infiltration and interflow dynamics of
- the soil system.
�' • Field exploration of the site shall be made to determine if there is
�. surface soil of sufficient quantity and quality to justify stripping.
_- -. Topsoil shall be friable and loamy(loam, sandy loam, silt loam, sandy
clay loam, clay loam). Areas of natural ground water recharge should
-- be avoided.
_ • Stripping shall be confined to the immediate construction area. A 4- to
- 6- inch stripping depth is common,but depth may vary depending on
the particulaz soil. All surface runoff control structures shall be in
place prior to stripping.
Stockpiling of topsoil shall occur in the following manner:
- • Side slopes of the stockpile shall not exceed 2:1.
• An interceptor dike with gravel outlet and silt fence shall surround all
topsoil stockpiles between October 1 and April 30. BetuTeen May 1
�s: `
4-30 Vo(ume 1!—Construction Stormwater Pollution Preventron August 2001
and September 30, an interceptor di.ke with gravel outlet and silt fence
shall be installed if the stockpile will remain in place for a longer
period of time than active construction grading.
• Erosion control seeding or covering with clear plastic or other
mulching materials of stockpiles shall be completed within 2 days
(October 1 through Apri130) or 7 days (May 1 through September 30)
of the formation of the stockpile. Native topsoil stockpiles shall not be
covered with plastic.
• Topsoil shall not be placed while in a frozen or muddy condition,
when the subgrade is excessively wet, or when conditions exist that
may otherwise be detrimental to proper grading or proposed sodding
or seeding.
• Previously established grades on the areas to be topsoiled shall be
maintained according to the approved plan.
• When native topsoil is to be stockpiled and reused the following
should apply to ensure that the mycorrhizal bacterial, earthworms, and
other beneficial organisms will not be destroyed:
l. Topsoil is to be re-installed within 4 to 6 weeks;
2. Topsoil is not to become saturated with water;
= 3. Plastic cover is not allowed.
Maintenance • Inspect stockpiles regularly, especially after large storm events.
Standards Stabilize any areas that have eroded.
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" BMP C140: Dust Control
, Purpose Dust control prevents wind transport of dust from disturbed soil surfaces
onto roadways, drainage ways, and surface waters.
Conditions of Use • In axeas (including roadways) subject to surface and air movement of
� dust where on-site and off-site impacts to roadways, drainage ways, or
surface waters are likely.
" Design and • Vegetate or mulch areas that will not receive vehicle traffic. In areas
� Installation where planting, mulching, or paving is impractical, apply gravel or
Specifications landscaping rock.
• Limit dust generation by clearing only those areas where immediate
� activity will take place, leaving the remaining area(s) in the original
condition, if stable. Maintain the original ground cover as long as
� practical.
• Construct natural or artificial windbreaks or windscreens. These may
- be designed as enclosures for small dust sources.
�
'� • Sprinkle the site with water until surface is wet. Repeat as needed. To
prevent carryout of mud onto street,refer to Stabilized Construction
� Entrance(BMP C105).
• Irrigation water can be used for dust control. Irrigation systems should
= be installed as a fust step on sites where dust control is a concem.
- • Spray exposed soil areas with a dust palliative, following the
manufacturer's instructions and cautions regarding handling and
= application. Used oil is prohibited from use as a dust suppressant.
" Local govemments may approve other dust palliatives such as calcium �
*`,:
�' chloride or PAM.
�:
__ • PAM (BMP C126}added to water at a rate of 0.5 lbs. per 1,000
�:= gallons of water per acre and applied from a water truck is more
u,.;_
�� effective than water alone. This is due to the increased infiltration of
_ - - water into the soil and reduced evaporation. In addition, small soil
aiy= particles are bonded together and are not as easily transported by wind.
�
av=_ Adding PAM may actually reduce the quantity of water needed for
�= dust control, especially in eastern Washington. Since the wholesale
= cost of PAM is about$ 4.00 per pound, this is an extremely cost-
= effective dust control method.
= Techniques that can be used for unpaved roads and lots include:
�.-
• Lower speed limits. High vehicle speed increases the amount of dust
stirred up from unpaved roads and lots.
��� • Upgrade the road surface strength by improving particle size, shape,
and mineral types that make up the surface and base materials.
= 4-40 Volume ll— Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention August 2001
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• Add surface gravel to reduce the source of dust emission. L'urut the
amount of fine particles (those smaller than .075 mm) to 10 to 20
percent.
• Use geotextile fabrics to increase the strength of new roads or roads
undergoing reconstruction.
• Encourage the use of altemate,paved routes, if available.
• Restrict use by tracked vehicles and heavy trucks to prevent damage to '
road surface and base.
• Apply chemical dust suppressants using the admix method,blending ,
the product with the top few inches of surface material. Suppressants
may also be applied as surface treatments.
�- • Pave unpaved permanent roads and other trafficked areas.
��
• Use vacuum street sweepers. �
�°�• • Remove mud and other dirt promptly so it does not dry and then turn
into dust.
�=. : Limit dust-causing work on windy days.
� • Contact your local Air Pollution Control Authority for guidance and
= training on other dust control measures. Compliance with the local Air
Pollution Control Authority constitutes compliance with this BMP.
�
�_ Maintenance Respray area as necessary to keep dust to a minimum.
_ Standards
��� `
�:_�
:��:�>
== August 2001 Volume ll—Construcfion Stormwater Pollution Prevention 4-41
BMP C150: Materials On Hand
Purpose Quantities of erosion prevention and sed'unent control materials can be
kept on the project site at all times to be used for emergency situations
such as unexpected heavy summer rains. Having these materials on-site
reduces the time needed to implement BMPs when inspections indicate
that existing BMPs are not meeting the Construction SWPPP
requirements. In addition, contractors can save money by buying some
materials in bulk and storing them at their office or yard.
Conditions of Use • Construction projects of any size or type can benefit from having
materials on hand. A small commercial development project could
have a roll of plastic and some gravel available for immediate
protection of bare soil and temporary berm construction. A lazge
earthwork project, such as highway construction, might have several
tons of straw, several rolls of plastic, flexible pipe, sandbags,
geotextile fabric and steel"T"posts. ,
• Materials are stockpiled and readily available before any site clearing,
grubbing, or earthwork begins. A large contractor or developer could
keep a stockpile of materials that are available to be used on several
projects.
� • If storage space at the project site is at a premium, the contractor could
� maintain the materials at their office or yard. The office or yard must
be less than an hour from the project site.
� Design and Depending on project type, size, complexity, and length,materials and
__ Installation quantities will vary. A good minimum that will cover numerous situations
= Speci�cations includes:
�' •
= Material Measure Quanti
f=:__ .
� Clear Plasric, 6 mil 100 foot roll 1-2
�= Drain i e, 6 or 8 inch diameter 25 foot section 4-6
�- Sandba s, filled each 25-50
�
� Straw Bales for mulchin , a rox. 50#each 10-20
� - u S alls ton 2-4
� Washed Gravel cubic ard 2-4
Geotextile Fabric 100 foot roll 1-2
= Catch Basin Inserts each 2-4
Steel "T"Posts each 12-24
Maintenance • All materials with the exception of the quarry spalls, steel "T"posts,
Standards and gravel should be kept covered and out of both sun and rain.
• Re-stock materials used as needed.
_=�_
F __
`�- 4-42 Volume fl—Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevenfion Augusf 2001
a-_�--
3�:.
BMP C151: Concrete Handling
Purpose Concrete work can generate process water and slurry that contain fine
particles and high pH,both of which can violate water quality standards in
the receiving water. This BMP is intended to minimize and eliminate
concrete process water and slurry from entering waters of the sta.te.
Conditions of Use Any time concrete is used, these management practices shall be utilized.
Concrete construcrion projects include, but are not limited to, the
follawing:
• Curbs
• Sidewalks
• Roads
• Bridges
• Foundations
• Floors .
• Runways
' Design and • Concrete truck chutes, pumps, and internals shall be washed out only
" Installation into formed areas awaiting installation of concrete or asphalt.
Specifrcations �nused concrete remaining in the truck and pump shall be returned to
�; • the originating batch plant for recycling.
• Hand tools including,but not limited to, screeds, shovels, rakes, floats,
�`- and trowels shall be washed off only into formed areas awaiting
`' installation of concrete or asphalt.
�` Equipment that cannot be easily moved, such as concrete pavers, shall
¢<_ .
}>
-= only be washed in areas that do not directly drain to natural or ,
� constructed stormwater conveyances.
�
�' Washdown from areas such as concrete aggregate driveways shall not
.
= drain directly to natural or constructed stormwater conveyances.
- • When no formed areas are available,washwater and leftover product
--= shall be contained in�a lined container. Contained concrete shall be
�
� BMP C152: Sawcutting and Surfacing Poilution Prevention
� Purpose Sawcutting and surfacing operations generate slurry and process water
that conta.in fine particles and high pH (concrete cutting),both of which
_ can violate the water quality standards in the receiving water. This BMP
is intended to minunize and eliminate process water and slurry from
��� — entering waters of the State.
Conditions of Use Anytime sawcutting or surfacing operarions take place,these
�� a � management practices shall be utilized. Sawcutting and surfacing
operations include,but are not limited to,the following:
�� � • Sawing
• Coring
I , • Grinding
C_ ��
• Roughening
� • Hydro-demolition
� • Bridge and road surfacing
Design and • Slurry and cuttings shall be vacuumed during cutting and surfacing
�"'�� I►zstallation operations.
. _ Specifcations Slurry and cuttings shall not remai.n on permanent concrete or asphalt
.
� _ _ pavement overnight.
.:�
__ • Slurry and cuttings shall not drain to any natural or constructed
� drainage conveyance.
�_� —
• Collected slurry and cuttings shall be disposed of in a manner that does ,
--y — not violate groundwater or surface water quality standards.
— • Process water that is generated during hydro-demolition,surface
�; roughening or similar operations shall not drain to any nattual or
-�=
constructed drainage conveyance and shall be disposed of in a manner
�.Y — that does not violate groundwater or surface water quality standards.
�� Cleaning waste material and demolition debris shall be handled and
��_ • disposed of in a manner that does not cause contamination of water. If
= the area is swept with a pick-up sweeper,the material must be hauled
-�— out of the area to an appropriate disposal site.
,:.�, —
�llaintenance Continually monitor operations to determine whether slurry, cuttings, or
�� Standards process water could enter waters of the state. If inspections show that a
violation of water quality standards could occur, stop operations and
� immediately implement preventive measures such as berms,barriers,
=�— secondary containment,and vacuum trucks.
�..�
�—
�,.�� — 4-44 Volume!!—Construction Sformwater Po!lution Prevention August 2001 ,
_� �
�
_ 4.2 Runoff Conveyance and Treatment BMPs
BMP C200: interceptor Dike and Swale
Purpose Provide a ridge of compacted soil, or a ridge with an upslope swale, at the
top or base of a disturbed slope or along the perimeter of a disturbed
construction area to convey stormwater. Use the dike and/or swale to
= intercept the runoff from unprotected areas and direct it to azeas where
erosion can be controlled. This can prevent storm runoff from entering the
work area or sediment-laden runoff from leaving the construction site.
Conditions of Use • Where the runoff from an exposed site or disturbed slope must be
conveyed to an erosion control facility which can safely convey the
` stormwater.
- • Locate upslope of a construction site to prevent runoff from entering
�-: disiurbed area.
• When placed horizontally across a disturbed slope, it reduces the
F amount and velocity of runoff flowing down the slope.
.�
'�� • Locate downslope to collect runoff from a disturbed area and direct it
to a sediment basin.
Design and • Dike and/or swale and channel must be stabilized with temporary or
'=' Installation permanent vegetarion or other channel protection during construction.
Specifications . Channel requires a positive grade for drainage, steeper grades require .
� - channel protection and check dams. ,
• Review construction for areas where overtopping may occur.
• Can be used at top of new fill before vegetation is established.
• May be used as a permanent diversion channel to carry the runoff. ,
• Sub-basin tributary area should be one acre or less. '
• Design capacity for 10-year,24-hour storm for temporary facilities,
' 25-year, 24-hour storm for permanent facilities. ,
�
Interceptor dikes shall meet the following criteria:
_ -� Top Width 2 feet minimum.
Height 1.5 feet minimum on berm.
Side Slope 2:1 or flatter.
_`= Grade Depends on topography, however, dike system minimum is
0.5%,maximum is 1%.
_- Compaction Minunum of 90 percent ASTM D698 standard proctor.
� Horizontal Spacing of Interceptor Dikes:
_- Average Slope Slope Percent Flowpath Length
20H:1V or less 3-5% 300 feet
: (10 to 20)H:1V 5-10% 200 feet
� (4 to 10)H:1 V 10-25% 100 feet
(2 to 4)H:1 V 25-50% 50 feet
4-52 Volume!I—Constructron Stormwater Pollution Prevention August 2001
�
�
� Stabilization depends on velocity and reach
= Slopes <5% Seed and mulch applied within 5 days of dike
construction(see BMP CI21, Mulching).
Slopes 5 - 40% Dependent on runoff velocities and dike materials.
- Stabilizarion should be done immediately using either sod
- or riprap or other measures to avoid erosion.
• The upslope side of the dike shall provide positive drainage to the dike
= outlet. No erosion shall occur at the outlet. Provide energy dissipation
measures as necessary. Sediment-laden runoff must be released
= through a sediment trapping facility.
_ • '�iinimize construction traffic over temporary dikes. Use temporary
- cross culverts for channel crossing.
Interceptor swales shall meet the following criteria:
_ Bottom Width 2 feet minimum; the bottom shall be level.
- Depth 1-foot mi.nimum.
= Side Slope 2:1 or flatter.
Grade Maximum 5 percent, with positive drainage to a
. � suitable outlet(such as a sediment pond).
Stabilization Seed as per BMP C120, Temporary and Permanent
Seeding, or BMP C202, Channel Lining, 12 inches ,
thick of riprap pressed into the bank and extending '
at least 8 inches vertical from the bottom.
• Inspect diversion dikes and interceptor swales once a week and after
every rainfall. Immediately remove sediment from the flow area. �
• Damage caused by construction traffic or other activity must be
repaired before the end of each working day.
• Check outlets and make timely repairs as needed to avoid gully
formation. When the area below the temporary diversion dike is
- - permanently stabilized, remove the dike and fill and stabilize the
- channel to blend with the natural surface.
-�
- August 2001 Volume!!—Construction Sformwater Pollutron Prevention 4-53
u � I
�
BMP C207: Check Dams
_ Purpose Construction of small dams across a swale or ditch reduces the velocity of ,
== concentrated flow and dissipates energy at the check dam. ;
�` ,
�
�: • Use filter fabric foundation under a rock or sand bag check dam. If a
; � blanket ditch liner is used, this is not necessary. A piece of organic or
� syntheric blanlcet cut to fit will also work for this purpose.
• Rock check dams shall be constructed of appropriately sized rock.
The rock must be placed by hand or by mechanical means (no
- dumping of rock to form dam)to achieve complete coverage of the
- ditch or swale and to ensure that the center of the dam is lower than
the edges. The rock used must be large enough to stay in place given
the expected design flow through the channel.
• In the case of grass-lined ditches and swales, all check dams and
accumulated sediment shall be removed when the grass has matured
= sufficiently to protect the ditch or swale -unless the slope of the swale
is greater than 4 percent. The area beneath the check dams shall be
� seeded and mulched immediately after dam removal.
• Ensure that channel appurtenances, such as culvert entrances below
='- check dams, are not subject to damage or blockage from displaced
z� stones. Figure 4.14 depicts a typical rock check dam.
= Maintenance • Check dams shall be monitored for performance and sediment
-- Standards accumulation during and after each runoffproducing rainfall.
= Sediment shall be removed when it reaches one half the sump depth.
- • Anticipate submergence and deposition above the check dam and
= erosion from high flows around the edges of the dam.
• If significant erosion occurs between dams, install a protective riprap
liner in that portion of the channel.
� .
4 ~
Y.-
t'"-
AUgust 2001 Volume!I—Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention 4-71
�_
_ View Looking Upstream ,s" (0.5m)
= A
� 12" (150mm)
�\��\��\ �� � • � .�� ., ' � /\ /�� %//.�//
_ �/,�/���/���" e °4a�����ol�-6�p • � /..�/j� 24" (0.6m)
= NOTE: O. °��•O �
= Key stone into channel banks and ' / / / /.
extend it beyond the abutments a �'�� ��\'��\i\�\�
_ minimum of 18" (0.5m) to prevent A
flow around dam.
S@Ct10C1 Q - Q
FLOW �
;�: 24" (0.6m) �o
.,.
- �. � fl° �Opo.,�
'��/\�/\�/ \• • , o 0
\/\/�, , � \
� /i i�/��, � �j��/\�/\�\ \
�\.\\��\/���/�����/i;�j/\�j//��%��\
___ �/\, ��
- 8' (2.4m) ,
-_ Spacing Between Check Dams
�L'=the distance such that points'A'and
-- 'B'are of equal elevation. ,
_ .�,
- 4 �� �•�o �POINT'B'
� ��POINT'A'
/��/�\�����\� �� � �
:_ \��%/%�/%�/i�/�//��//�\//�\//\\/\\/\\ \\ \ \ '� '`o
'\/\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ �
�'���/,���/\��/\��/�\���\����/��`/�����\��\�\�\��"
�" �� Y �'��/,\�/���/��
= NOT TO SCALE
- Figure 4.14-Check Dams
�:
Y�`. S�
� "
4-72 Volume I!—Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention August 2001
�x -
�= =
✓ _ _
�
BMP C220: Storm Drain Inlet Protection
Purpose To prevent coarse sediment from enterin; drainage systems prior to
permanent stabilization of the disturbed area.
- Conditions of Use Where storm drain inlets are to be made operational before permanent
- stabilization of the disturbed drainage area. Protection should be provided
= for all storm drain inlets downslope and within 500 feet of a disturbed or
construction area,unless the runoff that enters the catch basin will be
conveyed to a sediment pond or trap. Inlet protection may be used
anywhere to protect the drainage system. It is likely that the drainage
system will still require cleaning.
' Table 4.91ists several options for inlet protection. All of the methods for
� storm drain inlet protection are prone to plugging and require a high
frequency of maintenance. Drainage areas should be limited to 1 acre or
less. Emergency overflows may be required where stormwater ponding
would cause a hazard. If an emergency overflow is provided, additional
end-of-pipe treatment may be required.
Y
S;
Table 4.9
Storm Drain Inlet Protection
Applicable for
Type of inlet Emergency Paved/Earthen
Protection Overflow Surfaces Conditions of Use
Dro Inlet Protection
` Excavated drop inlet Yes,temporary Earthen Applicable for heavy flows. Easy to
protection flooding wili maintain. Large area Requirement:30'
occur X 30'/acre
- Block and gravel drop iniet Yes Paved or Earthen Applicable for heavy concentrated
:- protection flows. Will not pond. i
Gravel and wire drop inlet No Applicable for heavy concentrated * �
�� protection flows. Will pond. Can withstand
traffic. ,
Catch basin filters Yes Paved or Earthen Fre uent maintenance re uired.
- Curb Inlet Protection
Curb inlet protection with a Small capacity Paved Used for sturdy,more compact
wooden weir overflow installation.
Block and gravel curb inlet Yes Paved Sturdy,but limited filtration.
=_ protection
Culvert Inlet Protection
Culvert inlet sediment tra 18 month ex ected life.
;::
� August 2001 Volume 11—Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention 4-77
�
Design and Ezcavated Drop Inlet Protection -An excavated impoundment around the
- Installation storm drain. Sediment settles out of the stormwater rior to enterin the
P g
Specifications storm drain.
�- • Depth 1-2 ft as measured from the crest of the inlet structure.
- • Side Slopes of excavation no steeper than 2:1. ,
• Minimum volume of excavation 35 cubic yards. ,
• Shape basin to fit site with longest dimension oriented toward the
longest inflow area.
• Insta.11 provisions for draining to prevent standing water problems.
• Clear the area of all debris.
• Grade the approach to the inlet uniformly.
• Drill weep holes into the side of the inlet.
` � • Protect weep holes with screen wire and washed aggregate.
- • Seal weep holes when removing structure and stabilizing area.
• It may be necessary to build a temporary dike to the down slope side
of the structure to prevent bypass flow.
- Block and Gravel Filier-A barrier formed around the storm drain inlet
with standard concrete blocks and gravel. See Figure 4.15.
;=:
- • Height 1 to 2 feet above inlet.
• Recess the first row 2 inches into the ground for stability.
_ • Support subsequent courses by placing a 2x4 th�-ough the block
--_ opening
- • Do not use mortar. �
-: • Lay some blocks in the bottom row on their side for dewatering the
_--_ pool.
• Place hardware cloth or comparable wire mesh with '/z-inch openings
�- over all block openings.
��_ � • Place gravel just below the top of blocks on slopes of 2:1 or flatter.
- • An alternative design is a gravel donut.
• Inlet slope of 3:1.
• Outlet slope of 2:1.
4
• 1-foot wide level stone area betu-een the structure and the inlet.
• Inlet slope stones 3 inches in diameter or larger.
- • Outlet slope use gravel '/2- to 3/4-inch at a minimum thickness of 1-foot.
iz_
-- 4-78 Volume ll—Construction Stormwater Po!lufion Prevenfion August 2001
� �
�`
.�:;
= Plan View q
Drain
Grate �`���� °��p �;g�.
.Q �•oo 00 ,��•,00
; ct.���� Oo. .�3�o''a�,���
�oo�.�• � •:���
� , ogppo
a �°�'o� e:0�,�°o Concrete
_ �od� ���o 0o Black
- �� �q�O� 0�000 Q�q��4
_= a .Q �•Oo d O •��o
= -��� 000��� �.�
D
. 4�°4°�0 • �o
= a Q°���o a � : Gravel
•fJ ; !�'o o Backfill
�. •O� ° o••� ••�4�� oo•�.y�'L�
_ �5�� �' oo°��:�8��'
:�44 c � �000 .�o ood
�� _ �,Ssr''oQ�' A
�h�c��
SeCt�Qn A - A Concrete Block Wire Screen or
- Filter Fabric
Gravel Backfiil Overflow
� Water Ponding Height
;.° e:
= Water� �
_ .�/��/�� �� ��'�� �� �� �� �� ����/��/��/\.
_ i�\//�//\//\//\//\//\ — //\//\//\//\//\/\i,
-_ ��\������������ Drop Inlet \j�\��\����\\\
_ '��/i.�//��//��// ��//��/\��/i./i ,
_ ��%/j ..�/i�/
Notes:
= 1.Orop inlet sediment bamers are to be used for small,nearly level drainage areas.(less than 5%) >
- 2.Excavate a basin of sufficient size adjacent to the drop inlet.
- = 3.The top of the structure(ponding height)must be well below the ground elevation downslope to prevent
- runoff from bypassing the inlet. A temporary dike may be necessary on the dowslope side of the structure.
� Figure 4.15—Block and Gravel Filter
- Gravel and Wire Mesh Filter-A gravel barrier placed over the top of the
�� inlet. This structure does not provide an overflow.
_ • Hardware cloth or comparable wire mesh with %-inch openings.
- • Coarse aggregate.
= • Height 1-foot or more, 18 inches wider than inlet on all sides.
= • Place wire mesh over the drop inlet so that the wire extends a
` minimum of 1-foot beyond each side of the inlet structure.
_ • If more than one strip of inesh is necessary,nverlap the strips.
_ • Place coarse aggregate over the wire mesh.
• The depth of the gravel should be at least 12 inches over the entire
_- inlet opening and extend at least 18 inches on all sides.
- Augusf 2001 Volume Il—Construcfion Stormwater Pollufron Prevenfion 4-79
:�� -_
Catchbasin Filters- Inserts should be designed by the manufacturer for
use at construction sites. The limited sediment storage capacity increases
- the amount of inspection and maintenance required, which may be daily
for heavy sediment loads. The maintenance requirements can be reduced
by combining a catchbasin filter with another type of inlet protection.
This type of inlet protection provides flow bypass without overflow and
therefore may be a better method for inlets located along active rights-of-
way.
• 5 cubic feet of storage.
• Dewatering provisions.
• High-flow bypass that will not clog under normal use at a construction
site.
_ . • The catchbasin filter is inserted in the catchbasin just below the
� grating.
- Curb Inlet Protection with Wooden Weir-Barrier formed around a curb
-` inlet with a wooden frame and gravel.
,
• Wire mesh with %s-inch openings.
• Extra strength filter cloth.
` • Construct a frame.
• Attach the wire and filter fabric to the frame.
• Pile coarse washed aggregate against wire/fabric.
-_ • Place weight on frame anchors.
= Block and Gravel Curb Inlet Protection-Barrier formed around an inlet
with concrete blocks and gravel. See Figure 4.16.
-- • Wire mesh with %z-inch openings. .
- • Place two concrete blocks on their sides abutting the curb at either side
-= of the inlet opening. These are spacer blocks.
" • Place a 2x4 stud through the outer holes of each spacer block to align
�� the front blocks.
� • Place blocks on their sides across the front of the inlet and abutting the
_ spacer blocks.
�� • Place wire mesh over the outside vertical face.
• Pile coarse aggregate against the wire to the top of the barrier.
Curb and Cnrtter Sediment Barrier-Sandbag or rock berm(riprap and
aggregate) 3 feet high and 3 feet wide in a horseshoe shape. See Figure
= 4.17.
_- • Construct a horseshoe shaped berm, faced with coarse aggregate if
= using riprap, 3 feet high and 3 feet wide, at least 2 feet from the inlet.
- • Construct a horseshoe shaped sedimentation trap on the outside of the
- berm sized to sediment trap standards for protecting a culvert inlet.
4-80 Volume!!— Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevenfion August 2001
'+��
�. __�.�._
Maintenance • Catch basin filters should be inspected frequently, especially a$er
Standards storm events. If the insert becomes clogged, it should be cleaned or
;:
replaced.
: • For systems using stone filters: If the stone filter becomes clogged
with sediment, the stones must be pulled away from the inlet and
u cleaned or replaced. Since cleaning of gravel at a construction site
� may be difficult, an altemative approach would be to use the clogged
stone as fill and put fresh stone around the inlet.
�': • Do not wash sediment into storm drains while cleaning. Spread all
� excavated material evenly over the surrounding land area or stockpile
and stabilize as appropriate.
�
�
�
�_
�
�
- a
.
�
_- August 2001 Volume!!— Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention 4-81 ',
i ',
i i
Plan View
Badc of Sidewalk p1 Catch Basin
� 2x4 Wood Stud
Back of Curb Concrete Blodc
�_
Curb Inlet
i
O. � 0'
�
� ~ O�
P.::.
^q4 0 �o �
� f �
�
y ,• O O' 9 � �� 9 f • Q• O'
�-
g=.-
�° °a °�. °��� � °� �' �9�°�
- g �� �
�-' Wire Screen •
� Fifter Fabric A Concrete Blodc
= S e cti o n A - A '�`Drain Gravel
(20mm)
� '/."Drain Gravel
�
(20mm}
�
4
" Ponding Height
= Concrete Blodc
- Overfl
�
-_ �:..: ��i:. a ,%,
_ �' Curb Inlet ��\
_- Wire Screen or , \\/��/���\�/�\�/��� �/��\
=_ Filter Fabric ��/��/j ���
\ Catch Basin \�
_ - 4 Wood Stud �
_ __ (100x50 Timber Stud) �
��
� -= NOTES:
1.Use block and gravel type sediment barrier when curb inlet is located in gently sioping street segment,
where water can pond and allow sediment to separate from runoff.
2. Barrier shall allow for overflow from severe storm event.
3. Inspect barriers and remove sedirr�nt after each storm event. Sediment and gravel must be removed
- from the traveled way immediately.
= Figure 4.16-Block and Gravei Curb Inlet Protection
�`
__-�-=' 482 Volume ll- Construction Stormwater Pollufion Prevention August 2001
�:-
�:� _
���-�
=�::r=�_'
�..
Plan View
s Back of Sidewalk
Burlap Sacks to Catch Basin
Overlap onto Curb
Curb Inlet
Back of Curb
`�
�
RUNOFF
�.
r
^ RUNOFF SPILLWAY
�
::�*._ �
- Gravel Filled Sandbags
Stacked Tightly
�
- NOTES:
1.Place curb type sediment barriers on gently sloping street segments,where water can pond and allow `
sediment to separate from runoff.
2.Sandbags of either burlap or woven'geotextile'fabric,are filled with gravel,layered and packed tighdy.
- 3.Leave a one sandbag gap in the top row to provide a spillway for overflow.
�_ 4.Inspect baniers and remove sediment after each storm event.Sediment and gravel must be removed from
" ' the traveled way immediately.
"- Figure 4.17—Curb and Gutter Barrier
= �` August 2001 Volume Il— Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention 4-83
...;
�-,
4
..�+�C 4.: -
BMP C230: Straw Bale Barrier
x Purpose To decrease the velocity of sheet flows and intercept and detain small
-- amounts of sediment from disturbed areas of limited extent,preventing
� sediment from leaving the site. See Figure 4.18 for details on straw bale
-" bamers.
= Conditions of Use • Below disturbed azeas subject to sheet and rill erosion.
--' • Straw bales are among the most used and least effective BMPs. The
-= best use of a straw bale is hand spread on the site.
_ • Where the size of the drainage area is no greater than 1/4 acre per 100
=` feet of bamer length; the maximum slope length behind the barrier is
- 100 feet; and the maximum slope gradient behind the barrier is 2:1.
• Where effectiveness is required for less than three months. I'
- • Under no circumstances should straw bale barriers be constructed
- in streams, channels,or ditches.
• Straw bale bartiers should not be used where rock or hard surfaces
_- prevent the full and uniform anchoring of the bamer.
�.
Design and • Bales shall be placed in a single row, lengthwise on the contour, with
__= Installation ends of adjacent bales tightly abutting one another.
e= Specifications . All bales shall be either wire-bound or string-tied. Straw bales shall
be installed so that bindings are oriented around the sides rather than
along the tops and bottoms of the bales in order to prevent
_� deterioration of the bindings.
- • The barrier shall be entrenched a.nd backfilled. A trench shall be
- excavated the width of a bale and the length of the proposed barrier to
�` a mi.nimum depth of 4 inches. The trench must be deep enough to
-_ remove all grass and other material that might allow underflow. After "
� the bales are staked and chinked (filled by wedging), the excavated
soil shall be backfilled against the barrier. Backf`ill soil shall conform
to the ground level on the downhill side and shall be built up to 4
= inches against the uphill side of the barrier.
_ • Each bale shall be securely anchored by at least two stakes or re-bars
-=- driven through the bale. The fust stake in each bale shall be driven
= toward the previously laid bale to force the bales together. Stakes or
� re-bars shall be driven deep enough into the ground to securely anchor
the bales. Stakes should not extend above the bales but instead should
be driven in flush with the top of the bale for safety reasons.
• The gaps between the bales shall be chinked(filled by wedging)with
� straw to prevent water from escaping between the bales. Loose straw
_ scattered over the area immediately uphill from a straw bale bamer
= tends to increase barrier efficiency. Wedging must be done carefully
in order not to separate the bales.
�
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- 4-84 Volume ll—Construcfion Stormwater Pollution Prevention August 2001
:,; _'
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� !Ylainlenance • Straw bale barriers shall be inspected immediately after each runoff-
Standards producing rainfall and at least daily during prolonged rainfall.
• Close attention shall be paid to the repair of damaged bales, end runs,
_= and undercutting beneath bales.
• Necessary repairs to barriers or replacement of bales shall be
accomplished promptly.
� Sediment deposits should be removed after each runoff-producing
• rainfall. T'hey must be removed when the level of deposition reaches
approximately one-half the height of the barrier.
• Any sediment deposits remaining in place after the straw bale barrier
is no longer required shall be dressed to conform to the existing grade,
- prepared and seeded.
_ • Straw bales used as a temporary straw bale batrier shall be removed
after project completion and stabilization to prevent sprouting of
unwanted vegetation.
X
- .
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�
�
August 2001 Volume!!—Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention 4-85
� _
C'. '
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�: Section A - A
5'-6'
� {1.5-1.8m}� �\/ / ' \/\/�\
��/j ,//�� %/,.//%�j\
Ponding Height
, g10 \/
�� �� �\��\���\�\//\ 4E(100mm)MinBmum
/�j�// into Soil
Angle Stake Toward
Prevaus Bale to
Section B - B Provide Tight Fit
�� ,� ,
;: �. �. �. � ��. �. A /. �, y . �• �/
Wooden Stake
or Rebar Driven
Through Bale.
�:,
- Plan ;�, ,�) �
/
- B B
- e
.
�
NOTES:
1.The straw bales shatl be placed on slope contour.
� �y- 2.Bales to be p]aced in a row with the ends bghtly abutting.
3.Key in bales to prevent erosion or flow under bales.
- - Figure 4.18 Straw Bale Barrier
@. i �
��
4-86 Volume I!—Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevenfron Augusf 2001
�- �'-
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-�:�;:
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=�.
-" BMP C233: Silt Fence
Purpose Use of a silt fence reduces the transport of coarse sediment from a
construction site by providing a temporary physical barrier to sediment
and reducing the runoff velociries of overland flow. See Figure 4.20 for
details on silt fence construction.
- Conditions of Use • Silt fence may be used downslope of all disturbed areas.
• Silt fence is not intended to treat concentrated flows, nor is it intended
_ to treat substantial amounts of overland flow. Any concentrated flows
- must be conveyed through the drainage system to a sediment pond.
- The only circumstance in which overland flow can be treated solely by
a silt fence,rather than by a sediment pond, is when the area draining
� to the fence is one acre or less and flow rates are less than 0.5 cfs.
- • Silt fences should not be constructed in streams or used in V-shaped
ditches. They are not an adequate method of silt control for anything
- deeper than sheet or overland flow.
- Joints in filter fabric shall be spliced at
posts.Use staples,wire rings or 2"x2"by 14 Ga.wire or
- equivalent to attach fabric to posts equivalent,if standard
- - strength fabric used
' I I Filter fabric �
II ' c
II E ;
CV
� � I
I I I I�' ,rL�l I ,�{ � lo, I � B� i, I � I IF�1�.1 •-I-"�IL � C
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� � �� 6'max-=; T� Minimum 4"x4"trench �� ' 1 _�
_= J � ' "
Backfill trench with native soil � •
_ Post spacing may be increased or 3/4"-1.5"washed gravel
to 8'if wire backing is used
- 2"x2"wood posts,steel fence
posts,or equivalent
Figure 4.20—Silt Fence
Design and �� • Drainage area of 1 acre or less or in combination with sediment basin
Installation in a larger site.
Specifications
-- • Maximum slope steepness(normal (perpendicular)to fence line) 1:1.
� • Maxi.tnum sheet or overland flow path length to the fence of 100 feet.
• No flows greater than 0.5 cfs.
• The geotextile used shall meet the following standards. All geotextile
`� properties listed below are minimum average roll values (i.e., the test
�-_
= result for any sampled roll in a lot shall meet or exceed the values
Tabie 4.10
Geotextile Standards
Polymeric Mesh AOS 0.60 mm marimum for slit film wovens(�30 sieve). 030
(ASTM D4751} mm maximum for all other geotextile types(#50 sieve).
��� 0.15 mm minimum for all fabric types(#100 sieve).
Water Permittivity 0.02 sec� minimum
- (ASTM D4491)
- Grab Tensile Strength 1801bs.Minimum for extra strength fabric.
(ASTM D4632) 1001bs minimum for standard strength fabric.
Grab Tensile Strength 30%maximum '
(ASTM D4632)
Ultraviolet Resistance 70%minimum
(ASTM D4355)
• • Standard strength fabrics shall be supported with wire mesh, chicken
� wire, 2-inch x 2-inch wire, safety fence, or jute mesh to increase the
� �� strength of the fabric. Silt fence materials are available that have
synthetic mesh backing attached.
• Filter fabric material shall contain ultraviolet ray inhibitors and
� stabilizers to provide a minimum of six months of expected usable
construction life at a temperature range of 0°F. to 120°F.
• 100 percent biodegradable silt fence is available that is strong, long
= lasting, and can be left in place after the project is completed, if
-_ permitted by local regulations.
• Standard Notes for construction plans and specifications follow. Refer
to Figure 4.20 for standard silt fence details.
- The contractor shall install and maintain temporary silt fences at the °
locations shown in the Plans. The silt fences shall be constructed in
the areas of clearing, grading, or drainage prior to starting those
activities. A silt fence shall not be considered temporary if the silt
� fence must function beyond the life of the contract. The silt fence
shall prevent soil carried by runoff water from going beneath, through,
or over the top of the silt fence, but shall allow the water to pass
� through the fence.
�;
�
The minimum height of the top of silt fence shall be 2 feet and the
E maximum height shall be 2'/z feet above the original ground surface.
�
The geotextile shall be sewn together at the point of manufacture, or at
an approved location as determined by the Engineer, to form geotextile
lengths as required. All sewn seams shall be located at a support post.
Altematively,two sections of silt fence can be overlapped, provided
the Contractor can demonstrate, to the satisfaction of the Engineer, that
= the overlap is long enough and that the adjacent fence sections are
� _ close enough together to prevent silt laden water from escaping
through the fence at the overlap.
4-90 Volume 1!—Consfructron Stormwater Pollution Prevention August 2001
�_G
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The geotextile shall be attached on the up-slope side of the posts and
support system with staples, wire, or in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations. The geotextile shall be attached to
the posts in a manner that reduces the potential for geotextile tearing at
the staples,wire, or other connection device. Silt fence back-up
- support for the geotextile in the form of a wire or plastic mesh is
- dependent on the properties of the geotextile selected for use. If wire
or plastic back-up mesh is used, the mesh shall be fastened securely to
the up-slope of the posts with the geotextile being up-slope of the
mesh back-up support.
- The geotextile at the bottom of the fence shall be buried in a trench to
a minimum depth of 4 inches below the ground surface. The trench
- shall be bacl�illed and the soil tamped in place over the buried portion
of the geotextile, such that no flow can pass beneath the fence and �
- scouring can not occur. When wire or polymeric back-up support
mesh is used, the wire or polymeric mesh shall extend into the trench a
minimum of 3 inches.
The fence posts shall be placed or driven a minimum of 18 inches. A
minimum depth of 12 inches is allowed if topsoil or other soft
subgrade soil is not present and a minimum depth of 18 inches cannot
be reached. Fence post depths shall be increased by 6 inches if the
fence is located on slopes of 3:1 or steeper and the slope is
perpendicular to the fence. If required post depths cannot be obtained,
the posts shall be adequately secured by bracing or guying to prevent
overturning of the fence due to sediment loading.
Silt fences shall be located on contour as much as possible, except at
the ends of the fence, where the fence shall be turned uphill such that
P
the silt fence captures the runoff water and prevents water from
flowing around the end of the fence.
If the fence must cross contours, with the exception of the ends of the
fence, gravel check dazns placed perpendicular to the back of the fence
= shall be used to minimize concentrated flow and erosion along the
� back of the fence. The gravel check dams shall be approximately 1-
foot deep at the back of the fence. It shall be continued perpendicular
to the fence at the same elevation until the top of the check dam
intercepts the ground surface behind the fence. The gravel check dams
shall consist of crushed surfacing base course, gravel backfill for
_ walls, or shoulder ballast. The gravel check dams shall be located
every 10 feet along the fence where the fence must cross contours.
The slope of the fence line where contours must be crossed shall not
- be steeper than 3:1.
� Wood, steel or equivalent posts shall be used. Wood posts shall have
- minimum dimensions of 2 inches by 2 inches by 3 feet minimum
length, and shall be free of defects such as knots, splits, or gouges.
�= August 2001 Volume ll—Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention � 4-91
i. ' • . ._ ______ _
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f
� Steel posts shall consist of either size No. 6 rebar or larger,ASTM A
� 120 steel pipe with a minimum diameter of 1-inch, U,T, L, or C shape
steel posts with a minimum weight of 1.35 lbs./ft. or other steel posts
having equivalent strength and bending resistance to the post sizes
listed. The spacing of the support posts shall be a maximum of 6 feet.
Fence back-up support, if used, shall consist of steel wire with a
maximum mesh spacing of 2 inches, or a prefabricated polymeric
mesh. The strength of the wire or polymeric mesh shall be equivalent
� to or greater than 1801bs. grab tensile strength. The polymeric mesh
must be as resistant to ultraviolet radiation as the geotextile it supports.
�: • Silt fence installation using the slicing method specification details
�` follow. Refer to Figure 4.21 for slicing method details.
a= The base of both end posts must be at least 2 to 4 inches above the top !�
of the silt fence fabric on the middle posts for ditch checks to drain
properly. Use a hand level or string level, if necessary, to mazk base
�: points before installation.
r
4"- Install posts 3 to 4 feet apart in critical retention areas and 6 to 7 feet
- apart in standard applications.
-_ Install posts 24 inches deep on the downstream side of the silt fence,
and as close as possible to the fabric, enabling posts to support the
fabric from upstream water pressure.
Install posts with the nipples facing away from the silt fence fabric.
_ Attach the fabric to each post with three ties, all spaced within the top
8 inches of the fabric. Attach each tie diagonally 45 degrees through
- the fabric,with each puncture at least 1 inch vertically apart. In
addition, each tie should be positioned to hang on a post nipple when `
tightening to prevent sagging.
Wrap approximately 6 inches of fabric around the end posts and secure
with 3 ties.
��
- No more than 24 inches of a 36-inch fabric is allowed above ground
= � level.
The rope lock system must be used in all ditch check applications.
The installation should be checked and corrected for any deviation
.
(�
F Maintenance • Any damage shall be repaired immediately.
_ Standards . If concentrated flows are evident uphill of the fence, they must be
intercepted and conveyed to a sediment pond.
• It is important to check the uphill side of the fence for signs of the
- fence clogging and acting as a barrier to flow and then causing
:� channelization of flows parallel to the fence. If this occurs, replace the
fence or remove the trapped sediment.
4 • Sediment deposits shall either be removed when the deposit reaches i
- approximately one-third the height of the silt fence, or a second silt I
fence shall be installed.
� • If the filter fabric (geotextile) has deteriorated due to ultraviolet
�
breakdown,it shall be replaced.
�,. ro�a��p�,.�ybo POSTSPIIGING:
r�a�c 3<' T m�x.en p�n nms
`; .. ....-•----- •- --'-'•'—'_•Top of Fahrfc TT
f��x.sn yeelMg anu T
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AttacAfabAe Y
u0sV1a�IN of�mt ��
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FL01M—�
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DAv�awr��ch atM d i P03T DE�TH:
sllt fenc�2 a 1 Weea S Ai�ucY b�lew ynuM
Mtf�O�Nc��xsrtlny ; a�h�Ac alaw 1rou�d
- d0 C.sl or OnaM '.
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t� � degviel saachna�
700X.eosp�e/ 7007.u��eMw douHes�err/Ih
��\���\��\S t�/����\��/�/�\
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-� ��/\�%���! \i��i��\/�����\� ATU�C►#rENr DETNts:
�/��%%� � \�/�\�/\\�\�//�� •Gatl�er fadlc at pn4s,�needaG
��\�%���/ �\\%\\�i\\�/�\��\\ •Uif:e Mras liatpx pmt M�Atrn�ap 8'w roorfc.
�\��\\/\� • ��\���\����\ •Po�Mlan eac�Ndagondy�p�w�c6ring hoksranica�y Y
//\��/\\/ i \/�\�\/\� a rnY+Ynm d T epen.
� � � \\ \\ ��
•Hang eech tla m a po��Jpple and tlghten eecvdy.
No more than 24'of a 36'labric u�e cede uas Isocel a��
is apowed above ground.
Rd of sR tence
F� Op�re6on
. Pou
" kuteled
• aller
wmpaction
' FaEric
' �a°O1° 5�t Fence
�: 9iand
�� '`a-r--"—'� '—'"_r_i"� '-"�,
. 9� � �a A�4`.'� ��Yi •�\���Q�<.' t:�"'iq�
' �! �i��/�1�si�i �+. �'�i� �y.i�jij� ��e�.`,r
��: �i�3� Yf � Z J�•l_� • w 4, h�.Q O� �i.�i:.
- S-�r i �Y•cl'i4,/.i� .�v i,�._�.i�. v.v.
s���Yi.;;�. ��!< � 20Q300rnm ���� �.�ii
�� .%�.. �.,, �•. .� t'),i. • i �i�.�.� a.
�%A����������r!%. . p�' 1 ���i �ri\,
- ;?'��{�.a��v��/...�i����ii✓:.i�;r�\ �?i��J,�i\.y\,.;�,.\� �,�.�.�i � i�;\4 .i'
�v v Q F'<c'a� a � v c '�i i �
HaRorKel ctilsel polnt 3cing hlade
p6 mm r�ld�f+1 (18 mm wldth) Compleoed Irs�eletion
- Vidratory plow fs not ecceptable because d hodznrrtsl compactlon
Figure 4.21 —Silt Fence Installation by Slicing Method
�
- August 2001 Volume ll—Consfruction Stormwafer Pollution Prevention 4-93
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BMP C250: Construction Stormwater Chemical Treatment
�
Purpose Turbidity is difficult to control once fine particles are suspended in
t stormwater runoff from a construction site. Sedimentation ponds are
� effective at removing larger particulate matter by gravity settling,but are
� ineffective at removing smaller particulates such as clay and fine silt.
` Sediment ponds are typically designed to remove sediment no smaller than
� medium silt(0.02 mm). Chemical treatment may be used to reduce the
turbidity of stormwater runoff.
Conditions of Use Chemical treatment can reliably provide exceptional reductions of
� turbidity and associated pollutants. Very high turbidities can be reduced
to levels comparable to what is found in streams during dry weather.
� Traditional BMPs used to control soil erosion and sediment loss from sites
r under development may not be adequate to ensure compliance with the
t' water quality standard for turbidity in the receiving water. Chemical
treatment may be required to protect streams from the impact of turbid
� stormwater discharges, especially when construction is to proceed through
the wet season.
' ,- Formal written approval from Ecology and the Local Permitting
Authority is required for the use of chemical treatment regardless of
site size. The intention to use Chemical Treatment shall be indicated
- on the Notice of Intent for coverage under the General Construcdon
Permit. Chemical treatment systems should be designed as part of the
' Construction SWPPP, not after the fac� Chemical treatment may be
�. used to correct problem sites in limited circumstances with formal
= written approval from Ecolog,y and the Lucal Permitting Authority.
- The SEPA review authority must be notified at the application phase of o
the project review(or the time that the SEPA determination on the project
- is performed)that chemical treatment is proposed. If it is added after this
- stage, an addendum wili be necessary and may result in project approval
- delay.
Design and _ See Appendix II-B for background information on chemical treatment.
-= Installation �
Specifications Criteria for Chemical Treatment Product Use: Chemically treated
- stormwater discharged from construction sites must be nontoxic to aquatic
� organisms. The following protocol shall be used to evaluate chemicals
� proposed for stormwater treatment at construction sites. Authorization to
E;
�� use a chemical in the field based on this protocol does not relieve the
applicant from responsibility for meeting all discharge and receiving
water criteria applicable to a site.
• Treatment chemicals must be approved by EPA for potable water use.
• Petroleum-based polymers are prohibited.
�
�`! 4-106 Volume Il—Consfruction Stormwater Pollution Prevention August 2001
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� • Prior to authorizarion for field use,jar tests shall be conducted to
= demonstrate that turbidity reduction necessary to meet the receiving
_- water criteria can be achieved. Test condirions, including but not
_= limited to raw water quality and jar test procedures, should be
- indicative of field conditions. Although these small-scale tests cannot
= be expected to reproduce performance under field conditions, they are
= indicative of treatment capability.
• Prior to authorization for field use, the chemically treated stormwater
- shall be tested for aquatic toxiciry. Applicable procedures defined in
Chapter 173-205 WAC, Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing and Limits,
= shall be used. Testing shall use stormwater from the construction site
= at which the treatment chemical is proposed for use or a water solution
using soil from the proposed site.
• The proposed maximum dosage shall be at least a factor of five lower
- than the no observed effects concentration(NOEC).
• The approval of a proposed treatment chemical shall be conditional,
subject to full-scale bioassay monitoring of treated stormwater at the
construction site where the proposed treatment chemical is to be used.
- • Treatment chemicals that have already passed the above testing
protocol do not need to be reevaluated. Contact the Department of
Ecology Regional Office for a list of treatment chemicals that have
been evaluated and are currently approved for use.
Treatment System Design Considerations: The design and operation of
- a chemical treatment system should take into consideration the factors that
determine optimum, cost-effective performance. It may not be possible to
fully incorporate all of the classic concepts into the design because of
practical limitations at construction sites. Nonetheless, it is important to '
recognize the following:
,� • The right chemical must be used at the right dosage. A dosage that is
�' either too low or too high will not produce the lowest turbidity. There
is an optimum dosage rate. T'his is a situation where the adage"adding
- more is always better"is not the case.
- • The coagulant must be mixed rapidly into the water to insure proper
-= dispersion.
= • A flocculation step is important to increase the rate of settling, to
: produce the lowest turbidity, and to keep the dosage rate as low as
= possible.
• Too little energy input into the water during the flocculation phase
" results in flocs that are too small and/or insufficiently dense. Too
� much energy can rapidly destroy floc as it is formed.
= August 2001 Volume !1— Construction Sformwater Pollution Prevention 4-107
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� • Since the volume of the basin is a determinant in the amount of energy i
per unit volume, the size of the energy input system can be too small
relarive to the volume of the basin.
- • Care must be taken in the design of the withdrawal system to minimize
outflow velocities and to prevent floc discharge. The discharge should
-_ be directed through a physical filter such as a vegetated swale that
would catch any unintended floc discharge.
'�_ Treatment System Design: Chemical treatment systems shall be
= designed as batch treatment systems using either ponds or portable trailer-
mounted tanks. Flow-through continuous treatment systems are not
� _ allowed at this time.
A chemical treatment system consists of the stormwater collecrion system
(either temporary diversion or the permanent site drainage system), a
- storage pond,pumps, a chemical feed system, treatment cells, and
interconnecting piping. .
-- The treatment system shall use a minimum of two lined treatment cells.
Multiple treatinent cells allow for clarification of treated water while other
cells are being filled or emptied. Treatment cells may be ponds or tanks.
_ Ponds with constructed earthen embankments greater than six feet high
require special engineering analyses. Portable tanks may also be suitable
� for some sites.
The following equipment should be located in an operations shed:
-� • the chemical injector;
_ • secondary containment for acid, caustic, buffering compound, and
=_ treatment chemical;
,
• emergency shower and eyewash, and
• monitoring equipment which consists of a pH meter and a
turbidimeter.
Sizing Criteria: The combination of the storage pond or other holding
- area and treatment capacity should be large enough to treat stormwater
__ during multiple day storm events. It is recommended that at a minimum
the storage pond or other holding area should be sized to hold 1.5 times
-_ the runoffvolume of the 10-year,24-hour storm event. Bypass should be
- provided around the chemical treatment system to accommodate extreme
storm events. Runoff volume shall be calculated using the methods
presented in Volume 3, Chapter 2. If no hydrologic analysis is required
- for the site, the Rational Method may be used.
Primary settling should be encouraged in the storage pond. A forebay
with access for maintenance may be beneficial.
There are two opposing considerations in sizing the treatment cells. A
larger cell is able to treat a larger volume of water each time a batch is
-- 4-108 Volume I!-Construcfion Stormwater Po!lution Prevention August 2001
�= .
�
� processed. However, the larger the cell the longer the time required to
- empty the cell. A larger cell may also be less effective at flocculation and
�; therefore require a longer settling time. The simplest approach to sizing
the treatment cell is to multiply the allowable discharge flow rate times the
� desired drawdown time. A 4-hour drawdown tirne allows one batch per
- cell per 8-hour work period, given 1 hour of flocculation followed by two
hours of settling.
£� The pemussible discharge rate governed by potential downstream effect
z
�' can be used to calculate the recommended size of the treatment cells. The
following discharge flow rate limits shall apply:
• If the discharge is directly or indirectly to a stream, the discharge flow
rate shall not exceed 50 percent of the peak flow rate of the 2-year, 24-
- hour event for all storm events up to the 10-year,24-hour event.
- • If discharge is occurring during a storm event equal to or greater than
- the 10-year, 24-hour event, the allowable discharge rate is the peak
= flow rate of the 10-year,24-hour event.
- • Discharge to a stream should not increase the stream flow rate by more
than 10 percent.
�� • If the discharge is directly to a lake, a major receiving water listed in
Appendix C of Volume I, or to an infiltration system, there is no
discharge flow limit.
�;:
� • If the discharge is to a municipal storm drainage system, the allowable
discharge rate may be limited by the capacity of the public system. It
may be necessary to clean the municipal storni drainage system prior
to the start of the discharge to prevent scouring solids from the
- drainage system. P
• Runoff rates shall be calculated using the methods presented in
Volume 3, Chapter 2 for the predeveloped conditivn. If no hydrologic
analysis is required for the site, the Rational Method may be used.
Maintenance Monitoring: The following monitoring shall be conducted. Test results
:s
Standards - shall be recorded on a daily log kept on site:
Operational Monitorin�
- • pH, conductivity(as a surrogate for alkalinity), turbidity and
temperature of the untreated stormwater
� • Total volume treated and discharged
• Discharge time and flow rate
• Type and amount of chemical used for pH adjustment
• Amount of polymer used for treatment
• Settling time
August 2001 Volume !!— Consfruction Stormwater Pollution Prevention 4-109
� � .
t.
Compliance Monitorin�
• pH and turbidity of the treated stormwater
- • pH and turbidity of the receiving water
Biomonitorin�
Treated stormwater shall be tested for acute (lethal)toxicity. Bioassays
- shall be conducted by a laboratory accredited by Ecology, unless
- othenvise approved by Ecology. The performance standard for acute
_ - toxicity is no statistically significant difference in survival between the
control and 100 percent chemically treated stormwater.
= Acute toxicity tests sh2.11 be conducted with the following species and
= protocols:
� Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas (96 hour sta.tic-renewal test,
• method: EPA/600/4-90/027F). Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss
= (96 hour static-renewal test, method: EPA/600/4-90/027F)may be
� used as a substitute for fathead minnow.
• Daphnid, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Daphnia pulex, ar Daphnia magna(48
� hour static test, method: EPA/600/4-90/027F).
All toxicity tests shall meet quality assurance criteria and test conditions in
the most recent versions of the EPA test method and Ecology Publication
#WQ-R-95-80, La.boratory Guidance and Whole Effluent Toxicity Test
5_
Review Criteria.
Bioassays shall be performed on the first five batches and on every tenth
- batch thereafter, or as otherwise approved by Ecology. Failure to meet the •
_ performance standard shall be immediately reported to Ecology.
Discharge Compliance: Prior to discharge, each batch of treated
stormwater must be sampled and tested for compliance with pH and
turbidity limits. These limits may be established by the water quality
- standards or a site-specific discharge permit. Sampling and testing for
other pollutants may also be necessary at some sites. Turbidity must be
within 5 NTiJs of the background turbidiry. Background is measured in
- the receiving water,upstream from the treatment process discharge point.
pH must be within the range of 6.5 to 8.5 standard units and not cause a
change in the pH of the receiving water of more than 0.2 standard units. It
is often possible to discharge treated stormwater that has a lower turbidity
` than the receiving water and that matches the pH.
'= Treated stormwater samples and measurements shall be taken from the
discharge pipe or another location representative of the nature of the
treated stormwater discharge. Samples used for determining compliance
with the water quality standards in the receiving water shall not be taken
4-110 Volume!!—ConstructionStormwaterPoUutionPrevenfion August 2001
,'`_
��'_ .
r 1
�
�
� from the treatment pond prior to decanting. Compliance with the water
quality standards is determined in the receiving water.
Operator Training: Each contractor who intends to use chemical '
treatment shall be trained by an experienced contractor on an active site ',
for at least 40 hours. '
Standard BMPs: Surface stabilization BMPs should be implemented on
site to prevent significant erosion. All sites shall use a truck wheel wash
to prevent tracking of sediment off site.
=_ Sediment Removal And Disposal:
` • Sediment shall be removed from the storage or treatment cells as
€ necessary. Typically, sediment removal is required at least once
� during a wet season and at the d�ecommissioning of the cells.
' � Sediment remaining in the cells between batches may enhance the
E settling process and reduce the required chemical dosage.
�:
� • Sediment may be incorporated into the site away from drainages.
�
�
�:
�.
F
�:
�:
�
August 200� Volume ll- Constructron Stormwater Pol/ufion Prevention 4-111
�',_.
�'' .
-
BMPs for Description of Pollutant Sources: Polluta.nt sources include parts/vehicle
Maintenance and cleanirig, spills/leaks of fuel and other liquids, replacement of liquids,
Repair of outdoor storage of batteries/liquids/parts, and vehicle parking.
Vehicles and
Equipment Pollutant Control Approach: Control of leaks and spills of fluids using
good housekeeping and cover and containment BMPs.
Applicabie Operational BMPs: ,
• Inspect for leaks all incoming vehicles,parts, and equipment stored j
temporarily outside.
• Use drip pans or containers under parts or vehicles that drip or that are ,
likely to drip liquids, such as during dismantling ofliquid containina ,
parts or remodal or transfer of liquids.
• Remove batteries and liquids from vehicles and equipment in �
designated areas designed to prevent stormwater contamination. Store
cracked batteries in a covered non-leaking secondary containment
system.
• Empty oil and fuel filters before d.isposal. Provide for proper disposal
of waste oil and fuel.
� • Do not pour/convey washwater, liquid waste, or other pollutant into
storm drains or to surface water. Check with the local sanitary sewer
authority for approval to convey to a sanitary sewer.
• Do not connect maintenance and repair shop floor drains to storm
drains or to surface water. To allow for snowmelt during the winter a
drainage trench with a sump for particulate collection can be installed
and used only for draining the snowmelt and not for discharging any
vehicular or shop pollutants.
Applicable Structural Source Control BMPs:
• Conduct all maintenance and repair of vehicles and equipment in a
building, or other covered impervious containment area that is sloped
to prevent run-on of uncontaminated stormwater and runoff of
contaminated stormwater.
• The maintenance of refrigeration engines in refrigerated trailers may
be conducted in the parking area with due caution to avoid the release
� of engine or refrigeration fluids to storm drains or surface water.
• Park large mobile equipment, such as log stackers, in a designated
contained area.
For additional applicable BMPs refer to the following BMPs: Fueling at
Dedicated Stations; Washing and Steam Cleaning
Vehicle/EquipmentlBuilding Structures; Loading and Unloading Areas for
Liquid or Solid Material; Storage of Liquids in Permanent Above-Ground
Tanks; Storage of Liquid, Food Waste, or Dangerous.Waste Containers;
2-34 Volume IV-Source Confro!BMPs February 2005
Storage or Transfer(Outside) of Solid Raw Materials, By-Products, or
Finished Products; Spills of Oil and Hazardous Substances; Illicit
Connections to Storm Drains; and other BMPs provided in this chapter.
Applicable Treatment BMPs: Contaminated stormwater runoff from
Note that a vehicle staging and maintenance areas must be conveyed to a sanitary
treatment BMP is sewer, if allowed b the local sewer authori
applicable for Y ty, or to an API or CP oil and
water separator followed by a basic treatment BMP (See Volume �,
contaminated applicable filter,or other equivalent oil treatment system.
stormwater.
Recommended Additional Operational BMPs:
• Consider storing damaged vehicles inside a building or other covered
containment,until all liquids are removed. Remove liquids from
vehicles retired for scrap.
• Clean parts with aqueous detergent based solutions or non-chlorinated
solvents such as kerosene or high flash mineral spirits, and/or use wire
brushing or sand blasting whenever practicable. Avoid using toxic
liquid cleaners such as methylene chloride, l,l,l-trichloroethane,
trichloroethylene or similar chlorinated solvents. Choose cleaning
agents that can be recycled.
• Inspect all BMPs regularly,particularly after a significant storm.
Identify and correct deficiencies to ensure that the BMPs are
functioning as intended.
• Avoid hosing down work areas. Use dry methods for cleaning leaked
fluids.
• Recycle greases, used oil, oil filters, antifreeze,cleaning solutions,
automotive batteries,hydraulic fluids, transmission fluids, and engine
oils (see Appendix IV-C).
• Do not mix dissimilar or incompatible waste liquids stored for
recycling.
February 2005 Volume !V- Source Control BMPs 2-35
BMPs for IVlobile Description of Pollutant Sources: Mobile fueling, also known as fleet
Fueling of fueling, wet fueling, or wet hosing, is the practice of filling fuel tanks of
Vehicies and �ehicles by tank trucks that are driven to tfie yards or sites where the I
Heavy Equipment vehicles to be fueled are located. Mobile fueling is only conducted using '�
diesel fuel, as mobile fueling of gasoline is prohibited. Diesel fuel is
considered as a Class II Combustible Liquid, whereas gasoline is
considered as a Flammable Liquid.
Historically mobile fueling has been conducted for off-road vehicles that
Note that some are operated for extended periods of time in remote areas. This includes
local frre construction sites, logging operations, and farms. Mobile fueling of on-
departments may road vehicles is also conducted commercially in the State of�'Vashington.
have restrictions pollutant Control Approach: Proper training of the fueling operator, and
on mobile fueling the use of spill/drip control and reliable fuel transfer equipment vvith
practices. backup shutoff valving are typically needed.
Applicable Operational BMPs:
Organizations and individuals conducting mobile fueling operations must
implement the following BMPs. The operating procedures for the
driver/operator should be simple, clear, effective and their implementation
verified by the organization that will potentially be liable for
environmental and third party damage.
• Ensure that all mobile fueling operations are approved by the local fire
department and comply with local and Washington State fire codes.
• In fueling locations that are in close proximity to sensitive aquifers,
designated wetlands, wetland buffers, or other waters of the State,
approval by local jurisdictions is necessary to ensure compliance with
additional local requirements.
• Ensure the compliance with all 49 CFR 178 requirements for DOT 406
cargo tanlcer. Documentation from a Department of Transportation
(DOT�Registered Inspector shall be proof of compliance.
• Ensure the presence and the constant observation/monitoring of the
driver/operator at the fuel transfer location at all times during fuel
transfer and ensure that the following procedures are implemented at
the fuel transfer locations:
— Locating the point of fueling at least 25 feet from the nearest storm
drain or inside an impervious containment with a volumetric
holding capacity equal to or greater than 110 percent of the fueling
tank volume, or covering the storm drain to ensure no inflow of
spilled or leaked fuel. Storm drains that convey the inflow to a
spill control separator approved by the local jurisdiction and the
February 2005 Volume 1V- Source Contro!BMPs 2-43
i
I
fire department need not be covered. Potential spilUleak 'I
conveyance surfaces must be impervious and in good repair. '�
- Placement of a drip pan, or an absorbent pad under each fueling I�,
location prior to and during alI dispensing operations. The pan '�,
(must be liquid tight)and the absorbent pad must ha�e a capacity
of 5 gallons. Spills retained in the drip pan or the pad need not be
reported.
- The handling and operation of fuel transfer hoses and nozzle, drip
pan(s), and absorbent pads as needed to prevent spills/leaks of fuel I
from reaching the ground, storm drains, and receiving w�aters.
- Not extending the fueling hoses across a traffic lane without
fluorescent traffic cones, or equivalent devices, conspicuously
placed so that all traffic is blocked from crossing the fuel hose.
- Removing the fill nozzle and cessation of filling when the
automatic shut-off valve engages. Do not allow automatic shutoff
fueling nozzles to be locked in the open position.
- Not"topping off'the fuel receiving equipment
• Provide the driver/operator of the fueling vehicle with:
- Adequate flashlights or other mobile lighting to view fill openings
«�ith poor accessibility. Consult with local fire department for
additional lighting requirements.
� - Two-way communication with his/her home base.
• Train the driver/operator annually in spill prevention and cleanup
measures and emergency procedures. Make all employees aware of
the significant liability associated with fuel spills.
• The fueling operating procedures should be properly signed and dated
by the responsible manager, distributed to the operators, retained in the
organization files, and made available in the event an authorized
government agency requests a review�.
• Ensure that the local fire department(911) and the appropriate regional
office of the Department of Ecology are immediately notified in the
event of any spill entering the surface or ground waters. Establish a
"call down list"to ensure the rapid and proper notification of
management and government officials should any significant amount
of product be lost off-site. Keep the list in a protected but readily
accessible location in the mobile fueling truck. The "call down list"
should also pre-identify spill response contractors available in the area
to ensure the rapid removal of significant product spillage into the
environment.
2-44 Volume !V-Source Confrol BMPs February 2005
• Maintain a minimum of the following spill clean-up materials in all
fueling vehicles,that are readily available for use:
— Non-water absorbents capable of absorbing 15 gallons of diesel
fuel; ',
— A storm drain plug or cover kit; '�,
— A non-water absorbent containment boom of a minimum 10 feet in ��,
length with a 12-gallon absorbent capacity; �
— A non-metallic shovel; and,
— Two, five-gallon buckets with lids.
• Use automatic shutoff nozzles for dispensing the fuel. Replace
automatic shut-off nozzles as recommended by the manufacturer.
� • Maintain and replace equipment on fueling vehicles,particularly hoses �,
and nozzles,at established intervals to prevent failures.
Applicable Structural Source Control BMPs: Include the following fuel
transfer site components:
• Automatic fuel transfer shut-off nozzles; and,
• An adequate lighting system at the filling point.
February 2005 Volume 1V- Source Contro!BMPs 2-45
Best Management Practices for
Treatment of Cement or Concrete
Contaminated Water Near Streams
Or Wetlands "
Technical Supporting Information and Data
Stephen C. Conroy, PhD.
King County Department of Transportation
Road Services Division
Road Maintenance Environmental Unit
155 Monroe Avenue Northeast
Renton WA 98056 May, 200�
Treatment of Cement Contaminated Water Near Streams or Wetlands
VVhen water is added to cement or concrete, including dust from drilling or
grinding, the resultant slurry has a high concentration of hydroxyl ions (OH�that can
result in a pH of 11 or higher. The actual pH will vary from mix to mix. High pH is
caustic in much the same way as lye and is harmful to aquatic life. For example,
Environment Canada has found that rai.nbow trout exposed to Portland Cement
concentrations of 300, 500, and 1,000 milligrams/liter have 50%mortality times of 68,
45, and 29 minutes, respectively. Care should be taken to ensure that fresh cement, or
runoff from fresh cement, does not contact waters where aquatic life may be harmed.
Various state and federal regulations require the impoundment of concrete slurry and the
exclusion of concrete-contaminated waters from surface water bodies. There may be
times when the risk of contamination of streams by cement or concrete is high.-This
would include such tasks as grouting or repair of concrete bridge or culvert footings, or
even projects adjacent to streams where large quantities of cement or concrete are going
to be used. Accidents do happen and it is prudent to be prepared for spills with
appropriate BNIPs.
We have explored the use of 2 potential BMPs for the treatment of water
contaminated by fresh cement in vitro. All experiments were conducted between 14°C
and 17°C using tap water and data were collected using a multi-probe YSI 6920 detector
and a 610-DM data recorder.
BMP #1: Carbon diozide treatment:
This treatment apparatus is simply a carbon dioxide (COZ) compressed gas
cylinder, a valve regulator and a gas diffuser/bubbler device that consists of about 5 feet ,
of a garden soaker hose with the end blocked. The intent is to produce fine bubbles of ,
COZ in the water to speed up the dissolution of the COz. The gas cylinder and hose are ',
mounted on a hand trolley as shown in Figure 1. �,
�.��-- _._____, _�. _ _.___ —, '�
_ - _ ----�--; �
�_ :���: - = � .;.: � ��- �� . �, ,
- - ' Figure 1: COZ cylinder and dispensing '
_ _ , �, ; system. The 5-foot long
F- _ – �£ bubbler/diffuser is standard garden
' "soaker"hose attached to the cylinder
�^ j via 20 feet of red rubber tubing.
- �, _ ��
;-: - _ �,
�_ = - � -
��=- -
��� �, . � F�,.
� .
���` ',: ������"`- �,�'� ��,�� .' � ,�s�.
r: � ,��� _' .�,.�..� , ���� .� - �
E-:= . . �.r - _:, ..
.��. �_�-,- � v�.__ . �_���---�
1
In 2003,the following BMP was recommended by British Columbia scientists in the
Ministry for Water, Land and Air Protection for use when working with concrete or
cement in, or near, aquatic areas (http://wlapwww.gov.bc.ca/wld/BMP/contents.html):
• Concrete Works {Subsections 41(e) & 42(d))
As concrete leachate is alkaline and highly toxic to fish and other aquatic life, ensure that all
works involving the use of concrete, cement, mortars, and other Portland cement or lime-
containing construction materials (concrete)will not deposit, directfy or indirectly, sediments,
debris, concrete, concrete fines, wash or contact water into or about any watercourse.
Concrete materials cast in place must remain inside formed structures. �
A COZ tank with regulator, hose and gas diffuser must be readily available during concrete
work to neutralize pH levels shou(d a spill occur. Train staff in its use.
Provide containment facilities for the wash-down water from concrete delivery trucks,
concrete pumping equipment, and other tools and equipment.
Report immediately any spills of sediments, debris, concrete fines, wash or contact water.
Implement emergency mitigation and clean-up measures, like use of CO2 and removal of the
material immediately.
Completely isolate all concrete work from any water within or entering into any watercourse
or stormwater system.
Monitor the pH frequently in the watercourse immediately downstream of the isolated
worksite until completion of the works. Emergency measures will be implemented if
downstream pH has changed more than 1.0 pH unit, measured to an accuracy of+!- 0.2 pH
units from the background level, or is recorded to be below 6.0 or above 9.d pH units. ',
Prevent any water that contacts uncured or partly cured concrete during activities like I'
exposed aggregate wash-off,wet curing, or equipment washing from directfy or indirectly
entering any watercourse or stormwater system.
Isolate and hold any water that contacts uncured ar partly cured concrete until the pH is
befiiveen 6.5 and 8.0 pH units, and the turbidity is less than 25 nephelometric turbidity
units (NTU), measured to an accuracy of+1- 2 NTU;
When carbon dioxide is bubbled through tap water, carbon.ic acid (HZC03)is
formed,which can dissociate into a proton and a bicarbonate anion as shown beiow:
COz+HZO��H2CO3�� H++HCO3"
The free proton that is the acid is shown in red. This is a weak acid with a pKa of about
6.1 to 6.3. This acid can lower the pH and so counteract the effect of the cement's
alkalinity. The effect of bubbling CO2 through water on the pH is shown in Figure 2.
2
pH Water/CO2
7.5 � 1
���$7df.G�2 ��� _ ' - � �i
.
_ .: . � ' _ " " � . , , . �
7 " ' i
- - '1
6.5 , _
xa � �
5.5
G �_
5 � �
.. , :
i. _ .: ,; . _
4.5 -
4 �
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time •
Figure 2: CO2 reduces the pH of water. Outlet CO2 pressure was 20psi, water
volume= � gallons {US).
Note that the lowest pH achievable by this method is about 4.7. This is still above
the lethal threshold for salmonids, indicating that it would be difficult to "overdose"with
CO2 to the extent that the water becomes very acid and potentially harmfu� to aquatic life.
Similar results are obtai.ned when CO2 is bubbled through cement slurry. In this
experiment, 100g (0.221bs) of"20 minute cement" was added to 8 liters (2.1 gallons US)
of water and mixed for 20 rninutes. CO2 at 20psi outlet pressure was then bubbled
through the slurry. The results are shown in Figure 3.
Cement and COZ
'I2 ..
'1'1 .,'.' . -.. ,, : . . „_ .-. . , . ,_
� _ ' Sar'rp�..� - - ',
� 10 - --
9 �
' = 8
a
�
. . ,. . . ��.i .
�.'_� _' '�_ ...,_� . �. , � '. . ��,,�-� ;.- .
_._._ . . .;�. ._.. . ..;: -�: . . <�_ . . :� . .. � � . . ,
i' 6 � I
i 5 � I
-_ � 4 P .,' � '._:-. .j _: -.:_ ' , ' . �. . .. .,- ....-.. ,.�- �. ;� . .,,.
` i
' 0 5 '10 15 20 25 30 35
' Time
Figure 3: Treatment of cement slurry with CO�.
�
�
This BMP requires water to be at least an inch deep and is most appropriate for
easily accessed sites where water can be collected or concentrated into a steady flow or
into a stilling basin to allow treatment. For instance, the soaker hose could be placed
across the channel at the downstream edge of a culvert footing to be repaired in order to
treat any expressed ground water that comes into contact with the concrete mix. The
water can be trapped with a co.fferdam downstream of the gas diffuser to allow for
treatment. The appazatus is bulky and is difficult to transport for a long distance over
rough terrain, although the gas cylinder size could be scaled down for use at remote sites.
However, it is a rapid and effective method of pH control around cement with minimal
risk of creating an overly acidic condition. We have not evaluated the use of this method
in field trials and in other conditions such as in rapidly flowi.ng water.
BMP #2: Ascorbic Acid
Ascorbic acid, also l�own as Vitamin C, has been used to control the pH when
major concrete work was performed in the Green River (Tim Larson, Tacorna Public
Utilities,personal communication). Ascorbic acid is a weak to medium strength acid with
a pKa of 4.17. A 1M solution{176g/1) has a pH of 2.1 and it is readily soluble in water.
The structure of ascorbic acid is shown i.n Figure 4.
HCHOH
I
HCOH O
H O
HO HO
Figure 4: Structure of ascorbic acid (C6Hg06). The ionizable proton that forms the
acid with pKa=4.17 is shown in red.
Ascorbic acid can be used as a solid or as a liquid. However, ascorbic acid breaks
down relatively quickly in solution and should not be stored for more than a few days in
concentrated solution. Ascorbic acid is best used in situations where the water can be
detained, such as in a detention pond, and when the pH of the treated water can be
checked prior to discharge. It can also be used in cases where a large azea of very shallow
water requires treatment by broadcasting solid ascorbic acid, but again the pH of the
treated water must be checked prior to dischazge.
There are potential risks associated with the use to ascorbic acid to buffer the
effects of cement in water. Over-treatment with excess ascorbic acid can result in the
discharge of water with a very low pH (<4.0), especially if the pH is not carefully
monitored. One other disadvantage of ascorbic acid is that it is readily o�dized by
oxygen (02), especially in the environment of cement slurry. This oxidation reaction
constunes dissolved oxygen. This oxygen consumption is also dramatically increased in
the presence of small amounts of catalytic iron and copper ions (Fe3+and Cu2+), both of
which are present in cement. This results in the ea�tremely rapid removal of dissolved
oxygen from the water. Therefore the treated wrater must be diluted with untreated water
4 II
at the discharge point, or aerated,prior to discharge to avoid an anoxic condition in the
receiving waters.
Figure 5 shows the effect of treating cement slurry with two SOg aliquots of solid
ascorbic acid. Again, 100g of"20 minute cement" was suspended in 8 liters of water and �
stirred for 20 mi.nutes before addition of ascorbic acid. Although the pH was successfully �
reduced to acceptable levels, the dissolved oxygen was rapidly reduced to levels that ��
would be lethal to aquatic organisms. Therefore it is recommended that both pH and
dissolved oxygen be monitored in the receiving waters during discharge using multiple
probes such as the YSI Environmental Monitoring System. It is recommended that this
BMP be used only under the supervision of a chemical engineer.
Effect of Ascorbic Acid on pH and Dissolved Oxygen
14 ,.. , �_.:
- -_ - r ������;. �
- j
= � �-+-pH(As)
i�: {!
E , : . �,'—�--d02(As) , _ 1
�
10
__.
d - ' i
o� _ - . .. - _ _ .r.i �
w .._ .. .,.:: '.. :..: ,_. ..
O 8 _ _ :. <-I
9 '�� _
0 6 ; � ♦
M ��. --.,- �'-� - : , �� .. ... . :,: . .
YI -- . . - �� � '
� �
C 4
A
6 � _
2 i . , ` .
` � -. ,
I � � . � ' '' ;3
o -- �
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time(minutes)
Figure 5: Treatment of cement slurry with two aliquots of ascorbic acid powder. Similaz
results are obtained when concentrated liquid ascorbic acid is used.
It should be noted that addition of CO2 to water also results i.n a decrease in
dissolved oxygen,presumably by simple displacement. Unlike the case with ascorbic
acid, this decrease in oaygen does not usually approach lethal levels before an acceptable
pH of less than 8.0 is reached. However, since the concentration of COZ in the water is
substantially elevated over background, it will likely result in inhibition of oxygen/CO2
exchange in the gills of aquatic organisms. Therefore, when water is treated with CO2, it
should also be aerated or diluted when dischazged into the receiving body. Figure 6
shows the effects of CO2 addition on the dissolved o�rygen content and pH of cement
slurry. Again, 100g of"20 mi.nute cement"was suspended in 8 liters of water and stirred
for 20 minutes before addition of CO2, which was bubbled at 20psi outlet pressure,
5
Effect of CO2 on pH and Dissolved Oxygen
14 - ��,�:_��'. _
_ ` SYart CO2 '. -
- . -. _.:. , ; .
12 - -- �
� —�pH CO2 -
a�
� 10 ' �d02 CO2: . -
c -
m _
ai -
�,
x 8 ` ; '- ;-
O -
� .; ; , :.-
m -
>
N s �: � < :-�.��.��
�
c 4
�
2 -
Q
2
0 �
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time(min)
Figure 6: Effect of CO2 on pH and dissolved oxygen in cement slurry.
Note that an acceptable pH of 8.0 was reached while the dissolved oxygen level was still
well above that considered lethal for salmonids. '
The use of CO2 is preferred in most cases over ascorbic acid for pH control
il because it is easier to control and it should seldom result in the creation of conditions
harmful to aquatic organisms. However,regardless of which method of pH control is
used, careful monitoring of both pH and dissolved oxygen in receiving waters is
recommended.
Fu.rther testing of these BMPs in an outdoor setting is recom.mended, particularIy
at simulated construction sites.
A brief description of the effects of high and low pH on aquatic life can be found
at the following sources:
http://www.l enntech.com/aquati c/acids-alkalis.htm
http://www.state.kv.us/nrepc/water/wcpph.htm
http://www.svndel.com/handlinQ transportation of live fish.html
http:/Iwww.ncsu.edu/sciencej uncti on/depot/experiments/water/lessons/macropHeffects.ht
m
http://sites.state.pa.us/Fish/anslerboaterl2001/j f2001/wpollbas.htrn
http://wlapwww.gov.bc.ca/wld/BMP/contents.html
6
Appendix D
RECORD KEEPING FORMS
r
�� : � � � � :�� � � � �� � �
An Employee Owned Company
BMP lnspections, pH & Turbidity Measurement Data Sheet
Field Sampler Date
Site Name Lakeshore Landin Time
Description of construction site sampling locations (general,pond outfall, culvert size and
fraction full, etc.)
1) Sample Location 1 —
2) Sample Location 2—
3�ple Location 3—
Weather(current)
Weather preceding visit(days of preceding dryness,number of days of precip,amount of precip,
if known):
H &Turbidi Measurement Data
Sample pH Reading Turbidity Comments/Observations
Location Readin (N'TT�
#1
#2 �
#3
East Area Observation/Comments: Best Management Practices (BMPs),description,
functionality:
Construction Entrance — �
Silt Fencina— ,
Hav Bales—
Sedimentation Tanks—
Catch Basin Inserts —
West Area Observation/Comments: Best Management Practices (BMPs),description,
functionality:
Construction Entrance —
Silt Fencing—
Hav Bales—
Sedimentation Tanks—
Catch Basin Inserts —
Is the site in compliance with the terms and conditions of the SWPPP and the NPDES Permit?
Yes No
"I certify that this report is true, accurate, and complete to the best of my knowledge and belief'
(Name) (Title)
�� �V� �� � `c ��� � � � �J E.� �.A
An Employee Owned Company
Other Observations/Comments:
�� �
SPILL RESPONSE REPORT
Name: Date: Time:
Location:
Notifications: Facility spill coordinator Yes No
Outside Agencies Yes No
If so,please list:
Chemicals of Concern: I
Quantity spilled: .
Controlled on site: Yes No: �'
If not, please explain: I�
Spill Response Procedures: Notify the operations manager immediately if materials or wastes ,
are spilled and pose a serious threat to surface waters. The operations manager will work to ',
prevent the incident from spreading and direct employees in the appropriate spill response
procedures.
Sma11 spills w�ll be managed on-site with dry absorbent, absorbent booms or pads. Cover the
spill unmediately with absorbent, while cleanup alternatives are evaluated.
Larger spills will be managed by placing a temporary containment device (e.g. absorbent boom,
pad or dike) at a strategic downgradient location to protect the nearest storniwater conveyance '
structures (e.g. drainage channel, etc.).
Equipment available on site in the equipment maintenance area will include shovels, absorber�t
booms and pads, barrier warning tape, plastic garbage bags, 55-gallon metal drums, rubber '
gloves, and safety glasses. In addition, a spill kit will be kept at designated fueling areas. The
equipment will be used for emergency spill response only, and will be decontaminated or
replaced immediately after each response.
Used absorbent will be placed into 9-mil-thick plastic bags, properly labeled and tra.nsferred to a '
temporary on-site storage azea.
Copyright 2000 Kleinfelder,Inc.