Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutD_Cedar_River_Trestle_Bridge_Certificate_Of_ExemptionPLANNING DIVISION CERTIFICATE OF EXEMPTION FROM SHORELINE SUBSTANTIAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DATE: PROJECT NUMBER: PROJECT NAME: PROJECT MANAGER:Angelea Weihs, Assoicate Planner LUA19-000247, SME Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs October 04, 2019 APPLICANT:Alan Wyatt 1055 S Grady Way Renton, WA 98057 PROJECT LOCATION:To the southwest of Maple Valley Hwy and Monroe Ave SE PROJECT DESCRIPTION:The City of Renton Parks Department is requesting approval of a Shoreline Exemption for proposed maintenance repairs of an existing pedestrian bridge over the Cedar River in located on parcel numbers 1623059023 and 1623059078. The pedestrian bridge comprises a steel trestle superstructure, substructures (piers and abutments on the east and west banks), a concrete deck, pedestrian guardrails, and various timber trestle elements. Work will be located within the Cedar River Regulated Shoreline Jurisdiction (Shoreline High Intensity; Cedar River Reach C). A Biological Evaluation, prepared by WSP USA (Exhibit 1, dated May 2019), was submitted with the project application. The timber elements of the bridge and approach trestle were the subject of 2017 and 2018 inspections conducted by WSP (formerly BergerABAM), which found degradation in two of the timber piles supporting the north abutment and in some of the timbers in the pad supporting the steel truss bridge. The report states that timber facing for the abutment has deteriorated and subsequent loss of material weakened the abutment. The proposed repairs will rebuild the abutment within its current footprint by repairing timber piles, repairing/replacing timber facing, and replacing lost material behind the facing. The report concludes that repairs will be made to existing serviceable facilities and conducted within the existing footprint of the facilities, with minimal environmental impacts. SEC-TWN-R: SW16 - 23 - 5 LEGAL DESCRIPTION: (King County Assessor)FORMER BURLINGTON NORTHERN RR 100-FT WIDE RIGHT OF WAY IN SE QTR SW QTR STR 16-23-05 EAST OF PARCEL 3 CITY OF RENTON LOT LINE ADJUSTMENT NO LUA 13-000410 RECORDING NO 20140326900013 AND IN SW QTR SE QTR STR 16-23-05 WATER BODY/REACH: EXEMPTION JUSTIFICATION: An exemption from a Shoreline Management Substantial Development Permit is hereby Approved on the proposed project in accordance with RMC 4.9.190C 'Exemption from Permit System' and for the following reasons: Maintenance and Repair: Normal maintenance or repair of existing structures or developments, including damage by Page 1 of 2 DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB City of Renton Department of Community & Economic Development Certificate of Exemption from Shoreline Substantial Development Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs LUA19-000247, SME accident, fire or elements. The proposed development is: Consistent with the policies of the Shoreline Management Act. Consistent with the guidelines of the Department of Ecology where no Master Program has been finally approved or adopted by the Department. Consistent with the City of Renton Shoreline Master Program. SIGNATURE & DATE OF DECISION: DateJennifer Henning RECONSIDERATION: Within 14 days of the decision date, any party of record may request that the decision be reopened by the approval body. The approval body may modify his decision if material evidence not readily discoverable prior to the original decision is found or if he finds there was misrepresentation of fact. After review of the reconsideration request, if the approval body finds sufficient evidence to amend the original decision, there will be no further extension of the appeal period. Any person wishing to take further action must file a formal appeal within the 14 day appeal time frame. APPEALS: The administrative land use decision will become final if not appealed in writing together with the required fee to: Hearing Examiner, City of Renton, 1055 South Grady Way, Renton, WA 98057 on or before 5:00 pm, on October 18, 2019 (RCW 43.21.C075(3); WAC 197-11-680). RMC 4-8-110 governs appeals to the Hearing Examiner and additional information regarding the appeal process may be obtained from the Renton City Clerk's office, Renton City Hall, 7th Floor, (425) 430-6510. EXPIRATION: Two (2) years from the date of decision (date signed) Attachments:Biological Evaluation Alan Wyatt - Applicantcc: Page 2 of 2 DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB 10/4/2019 | 5:00 PM PDT Biological Evaluation City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs Submitted to: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Seattle District Seattle, Washington On Behalf of Applicant: City of Renton, Parks Division Renton, Washington May 2019 Submitted by WSP USA 33301 Ninth Avenue South, Suite 300 Federal Way, Washington A19.0010.00 EXHIBIT 1 DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB Biological Evaluation WSP USA, A19.0010.00 City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs May 2019 Renton, Washington Page ii of iii BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION CITY OF RENTON CEDAR RIVER TRESTLE BRIDGE REPAIRS TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE 1.0 PURPOSE OF BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION......................................................................1 2.0 PROPOSED ACTION AND ACTION AREA .......................................................................1 2.1 Proposed Action .................................................................................................1 2.2 Duration of Activities..........................................................................................3 2.3 Minimization Measures and Best Management Practices.............................3 2.4 Action Area .........................................................................................................4 3.0 STATUS OF SPECIES AND CRITICAL HABITAT .............................................................6 4.0 BIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS.......................................................................................6 4.1 Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)................................................7 4.2 Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss)....................................................................8 4.3 Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus)...................................................................8 4.4 Critical Habitat Designation for Each ESU/DPS..............................................9 5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE.......................................................................................11 5.1 General Setting ................................................................................................11 5.2 Terrestrial and Riparian Habitat .....................................................................12 5.3 Aquatic Habitat ................................................................................................12 6.0 MATRIX OF PATHWAYS AND INDICATORS ANALYSIS...............................................12 6.1 Water Quality....................................................................................................13 6.2 Habitat Access .................................................................................................14 6.3 Habitat Elements .............................................................................................14 6.4 Channel Conditions and Dynamics.................................................................16 6.5 Flow/Hydrology................................................................................................16 6.6 Watershed Conditions .....................................................................................17 6.7 Pathways and Indicators Specific to Bull Trout Only ....................................18 7.0 EFFECTS OF THE ACTION ............................................................................................18 7.1 Direct Effects....................................................................................................18 7.2 Indirect Effects.................................................................................................19 7.3 Effects from Interdependent and Interrelated Actions.................................20 7.4 Effects Determinations for Listed Species and Designated Critical Habitat ...........................................................................................................................20 8.0 REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................22 9.0 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...............................................................25 DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB Biological Evaluation WSP USA, A19.0010.00 City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs May 2019 Renton, Washington Page iii of iii LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Proposed Repairs, Locations within the Project Area, and Repair Methods.........2 Table 2. Species Listed under the ESA Addressed in this BE ................................................6 Table 3. Species Listed but Not Addressed in this BE............................................................6 Table 4. Salmon Critical Habitat Designation and Description...........................................10 Table 5. Overview of Environmental Baseline Conditions at Action Area and Watershed Scales.......................................................................................................................................13 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A – Figures (Sheets 1 to 7) Appendix B – Species Lists Appendix C – Essential Fish Habitat DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB Biological Evaluation WSP USA, A19.0010.00 City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs May 2019 Renton, Washington Page 1 of 25 BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION CITY OF RENTON CEDAR RIVER TRAIL TRESTLE BRIDGE REPAIRS 1.0 PURPOSE OF BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION The City of Renton (City) Parks Department proposes maintenance repairs of an existing pedestrian bridge over the Cedar River in Renton, Washington (Sheets 1-7). The pedestrian bridge compriss a steel trestle superstructure, substructures (piers and abutments on the east and west banks), a concrete deck, pedestrian guardrails, and various timber trestle elements (Sheet 2). Condition assessments performed in 2017 and 2018 indicate the need for maintenance repairs at the bridge and abutment. The proposed actions will involve work below the ordinary high water mark (OHWM) of the Cedar River channel, which will require a Section 404 permit (Nationwide Permit No. 3) from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). This represents a federal nexus requiring the USACE to evaluate the potential for effects to species or critical habitats listed or proposed for listing under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The USACE will serve as the lead agency in this consultation. The purpose of this biological evaluation (BE) is to evaluate the potential effects of the proposed activities on ESA-listed species for purposes of consultation with the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] Fisheries), and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) under Section 7 of the ESA. 2.0 PROPOSED ACTION AND ACTION AREA 2.1 PROPOSED ACTION The purpose of the project is to conduct needed maintenance, repair, and replacement of portions of the pedestrian bridge over the Cedar River in Renton, Washington (Sheets 2 to 6). The timber elements of the bridge and approach trestle were the subject of 2017 and 2018 inspections conducted by WSP (formerly BergerABAM), which found degradation in two of the timber piles supporting the north abutment and in some of the timbers in the pad supporting the steel truss bridge. Timber facing for the abutment has deteriorated and subsequent loss of material weakened the abutment. The proposed repairs will rebuild the abutment within its current footprint by repairing timber piles, repairing/replacing timber facing, and replacing lost material behind the facing. Repairs will be made to existing serviceable facilities and conducted within the existing footprint of the facilities with minimal environmental impacts. DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB Biological Evaluation WSP USA, A19.0010.00 City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs May 2019 Renton, Washington Page 2 of 25 2.1.1 Maintenance and Repair Activities Table 1 summarizes the proposed maintenance and repair activities. Table 1. Proposed Repairs, Locations within the Project Area, and Repair Methods Repair Item Location Item Size Repair Method Piles West Bridge Pier 12-inch Replace with 12-inch steel pipe pile. Timber Facing West Bridge Pier 4-inch by 12- inch Replace in-kind with 4-inch by 12-inch timber boards secured with new lag bolts. Riprap West Bridge Pier >6-inch Riprap stones greater than six inches thick will be hand placed in an approximate 50 square foot section at the base of the west bridge timber piles. Organic Loose Debris Removal Trestle -Loose organic debris will be removed by hand within the bottom of the bridge trestle. 2.1.1.1 Pile Repairs Two 12-inch timber piles at the west bridge pier will be replaced with12-inch steel pipe piles. Existing timber piles will be cut off just below mudline and hoisted out by a boom crane. Piles will be installed by setting the new steel pile on the existing pile stub, preloading the new steel pile, and welding the pile extension into place. Pile replacement will not result in any additional fill as the existing soil will be placed back into the excavation. 2.1.1.2 Timber Facing Repairs Failing timber facing above and below the OHWM will be removed, replaced in kind, and secured with lag bolts. Timber facing in good condition will be removed and reinstalled with lag bolts. The facing will be secured to the new steel piles with U-bolts. A total of approximately 10 timber boards will be installed (Sheets 5 and 6). 2.1.1.3 Riprap Placement Riprap will be confined to the footprint of the pier and will be contained by the piles and timber facing. The placement of additional riprap will not expand the footprint of shoreline armoring. Light, loose pieces of riprap will be placed in an approximate 4- foot linear section at the base of the west bridge timber piles (Sheets 5 and 6). Riprap placement will be per 2018 WSDOT standards ([9-13.1(4)] Hand Placed Riprap). DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB Biological Evaluation WSP USA, A19.0010.00 City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs May 2019 Renton, Washington Page 3 of 25 Hand-placed riprap will be nearly rectangular in shape and 60 percent of the hand- placed riprap will have a volume of no less than 1 cubic foot. All riprap stones will be greater than 6 inches thick. 2.1.1.4 Organic Loose Debris Removal Loose organic debris will be removed by hand within the bottom of the bridge trestle. The work will be fully contained, and the contractor will not allow debris to enter the river below. 2.2 DURATION OF ACTIVITIES The proposed action will be conducted during the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) and USACE-approved in-water work window for waters of the Cedar River each year between 16 July and 31 December. Construction is expected to start in July 2019. 2.3 MINIMIZATION MEASURES AND BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES The project has adopted impact minimization measures and best management practices (BMPs) to reduce, eliminate, or minimize the effects of the project to listed species or habitat and are described below. 2.3.1 Minimization Measures The proposed action includes the following measures to avoid and minimize the potential for adverse environmental effects. General impact avoidance and minimization measures include those listed below. Over-water work will be conducted only during the approved in-water work window for salmon and bull trout in the Cedar River (16 July to 31 December). Project construction will be completed in compliance with Washington State Water Quality Standards (Washington Administrative Code [WAC] 173-201A), including Petroleum products, fresh cement, lime, concrete, chemicals, or other toxic or deleterious materials will not be allowed to enter surface waters. There will be no discharge of oil, fuels, or chemicals to surface waters or onto land where there is a potential for reentry into surface waters. Fuel hoses, oil drums, oil or fuel transfer valves, fittings, etc., will be checked regularly for leaks, and materials will be maintained and stored properly to prevent spills. A spill prevention, control, and countermeasures (SPCC) plan will be prepared by the contractor and used during all demolition and construction operations. A copy of the plan with any updates will be maintained at the work site. The SPCC plan will outline BMPs, responsive actions in the event of a spill or release, and notification and reporting procedures. The plan will also outline management elements, such as personnel responsibilities, project site security, site inspections, and training. DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB Biological Evaluation WSP USA, A19.0010.00 City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs May 2019 Renton, Washington Page 4 of 25 The SPCC plan will outline the measures to prevent the release or spread of hazardous materials found on site or encountered during construction but not identified in contract documents, including any hazardous materials that are stored, used, or generated on site during construction activities. These items include, but are not limited to, gasoline, diesel fuel, oils, and chemicals. Applicable spill response equipment and material designated in the SPCC plan will be maintained at the job site. 2.3.2 General Best Management Practices Typical construction BMPs for working in, over, and near water will be applied, including activities, such as the following. Checking equipment for leaks and other problems that could result in the discharge of petroleum-based products or other material into the water. Corrective actions will be taken in the event of any discharge of oil, fuel, or chemicals into the water, including Containment and cleanup efforts will begin immediately upon discovery of the spill and be completed in an expeditious manner in accordance with all local, state, and federal regulations. Spill response will take precedence over normal work. Cleanup will include proper disposal of any spilled material and used cleanup material. The cause of the spill will be ascertained and appropriate actions taken to prevent further incidents or environmental damage. Spills will be reported to the Washington State Department of Ecology’s (Ecology) Northwest Regional Spill Response Office at 425/649-7000. Excess or waste materials will not be disposed of or abandoned waterward of the OHWM or allowed to enter waters of the state. Waste materials will be disposed of in an appropriate manner consistent with applicable local, state, and federal regulations. Demolition and construction materials will not be stored where upland runoff can cause materials to enter surface waters. Oil-absorbent materials will be present on site for use in the event of a spill or if any oil product is observed in the water. 2.4 ACTION AREA This section describes the action area for the proposed activities. The action area is the defined geographic area that could be affected by the direct and indirect effects of the proposed project. The action area (Sheet 7) has been established based on the following. The project footprint, which will be limited to the physical locations of the maintenance activities. DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB Biological Evaluation WSP USA, A19.0010.00 City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs May 2019 Renton, Washington Page 5 of 25 The extent of temporarily elevated terrestrial noise levels associated with construction activities. The extent of temporary effects to water quality during construction. 2.4.1 Project Footprint The action area includes the overall footprint of the proposed action, which includes the structures to be repaired or replaced at the bridge. The placement of riprap to repair the previous protection on the west pier is confined to the footprint of existing riprap at the base of the west bridge pier. There will be no increase in the overall amount of bank armoring as a result of this project. The action area also includes the locations of equipment and material staging. Equipment and materials will be staged in developed upland portions of the site. 2.4.2 Terrestrial Noise The project has the potential to generate low levels of terrestrial noise associated with conducting the proposed maintenance and repair activities. The standard construction equipment that will be required includes a crane, generators, vacuum, and the hand and power tools used to conduct the repairs. Because most of the work will be conducted overwater and in the dry, the project is not expected to measurably elevate underwater noise. The levels of terrestrial noise that will be generated will be minimal and are not expected to be elevated significantly above the ambient noise levels at the site. For purposes of a conservative estimate, the action area includes an area extending approximately 200 feet from the boundaries of the site, which accounts for operation of machinery and hand tools. However, no measurable or significant effects related to terrestrial noise is anticipated. 2.4.3 Water Quality As with any construction project, the proposed maintenance activities have the potential to result in temporary effects to water quality within the action area during construction. Temporary water quality-related effects could result from construction debris accidentally entering the water and/or accidental spills from construction equipment. Maintenance activities could potentially result in the temporary local elevation of turbidity levels in the Cedar River from the implementation of the proposed minimization measures and BMPs, including a debris-collection plan, will reduce the potential for any measurable effects to a level that is insignificant. An approximate 300-foot point of compliance downstream from the proposed project activities represents a conservative estimate of the potential zone of influence from temporary reductions in water quality associated with the project activities, as designated in WAC 173-201A-200. No measurable or significant effects are anticipated as a result of the proposed maintenance. DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB Biological Evaluation WSP USA, A19.0010.00 City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs May 2019 Renton, Washington Page 6 of 25 3.0 STATUS OF SPECIES AND CRITICAL HABITAT This section discusses the ESA-listed species and critical habitat known to occur, or with the potential to occur, within the action area (see Appendices B and C for the species list and essential fish habitat summary). Information for this BE regarding listed species was obtained from the USFWS website (USFWS 2019) and the NMFS website (NMFS 2019) on 14 April 2019. Additional information came from the WDFW Priority Habitat and Species (PHS) (WDFW 2019a) and SalmonScape databases (WDFW 2019b). Table 2. Species Listed under the ESA Addressed in this BE Species Name Common Name Scientific Name ESU or DPS* ESA Listing Status Critical Habitat Critical Habitat in Action Area Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Puget Sound ESU Threatened Designated Yes Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Puget Sound DPS Threatened Designated Yes Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus) Coastal Puget Sound DPS Threatened Designated No *ESU =Evolutionarily Significant Unit; DPS=Distinct Population Segment According to the USFWS and NMFS species lists, although the species listed in Table 4, and/or their designated critical habitat, do occur, or may occur, within King County, they are not addressed in this BE for the reasons that are discussed below. Table 3. Species Listed but Not Addressed in this BE Species Name Common Name Scientific Name ESA Listing Status Streaked horned lark Eremophila alpestris strigata Threatened Yellow-billed cuckoo Coccyzus americanus Threatened Gray wolf Canis lupus Proposed Endangered North American wolverine Gulo gulo luscus Proposed Endangered Marbled Murrelet Brachyramphus marmoratus Threatened While information from USFWS (USFWS 2019) identified the potential for streaked horned lark, yellow-billed cuckoo, gray wolf, and North American wolverine to occur within the County, WDFW PHS data does not indicate any known occurrence of these species within the action area. In addition, the action area does not provide any suitable habitat for these species. Based on the lack of suitable habitat for the species listed in Table 4, it is determined that the proposed project will have no effect on them, and they are not addressed further in this BE. 4.0 BIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS This section describes the biological requirements of the listed species that have the potential to occur within the action area. These descriptions include run timing, biological requirements, and factors affecting recovery. DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB Biological Evaluation WSP USA, A19.0010.00 City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs May 2019 Renton, Washington Page 7 of 25 4.1 CHINOOK SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS TSHAWYTSCHA) The Puget Sound ESU of Chinook salmon includes all naturally spawned populations of Chinook salmon from rivers and streams flowing into Puget Sound (70 FR52630). Puget Sound ESU Chinook salmon are listed as threatened by NMFS under the ESA. Critical habitat for Puget Sound Chinook salmon was designated in 2005 and consists of river and marine nearshore habitat within the Puget Sound basin. Critical habitat for Puget Sound Chinook salmon is present within the action area. 4.1.1 Distribution and Habitat Requirements Compared to the other Pacific salmon, Chinook salmon have the most complex life history with a large variety of patterns. The length of freshwater and saltwater residency varies greatly (Myers et al. 1998). Channel size and morphology, substrate size and quality, water quality, and cover type and abundance may influence distribution and abundance of Chinook salmon (Lower Columbia Fish Recovery Board [LCFRB] 2004). After three to five years in the ocean, Puget Sound stocks return to the local rivers and tributaries to spawn in the spring and fall. Spawning occurs in the main stems of larger tributaries in coarse gravel and cobble (Myers et al. 1998). Most juvenile summer/fall Chinook salmon in the river systems discharging to the Puget Sound migrate to the marine environment as smolts during their first year, although their early life history patterns vary. Some migrate downstream almost immediately after emerging from the gravel. Others migrate downstream and enter side channels where they may rear for several weeks before migrating to marine waters. A third life-history strategy involves a more extended rearing time (up to two years) in the river before migrating to saltwater. 4.1.2 Status Chinook salmon populations are significantly reduced from historic levels. The Puget Sound ESU has shown a precipitous drop since 1973, and the stock status is currently identified as critical (Smith 2003). Habitat degradation associated with stream blockages, channelization, contamination, forest practices, and urbanization are listed as the primary causes of decline in the Puget Sound ESU Chinook salmon population. 4.1.3 Presence in Action Area Puget Sound ESU Chinook salmon adults may potentially migrate through the action area almost year-round but primarily during the spring and fall. Any adult Puget Sound ESU Chinook salmon found in the Cedar River may be stopping temporarily to feed but likely would not be using the project site for rearing. The portion of the Cedar River that is within the action area does not provide any suitable spawning or rearing habitat for Chinook salmon (King County 1993). If they are present, migrating adults are expected to be moving quickly through the action area. DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB Biological Evaluation WSP USA, A19.0010.00 City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs May 2019 Renton, Washington Page 8 of 25 Puget Sound ESU Chinook salmon juveniles could be foraging within the action area but would not be expected to use the exposed, non-vegetated areas in the vicinity of the project extensively. 4.2 STEELHEAD (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) Puget Sound DPS steelhead are listed as threatened by NOAA Fisheries under the ESA (11 May 2007; 72 FR 26722). The action area within the Cedar River adjacent to the project area represents a migration corridor for this DPS. Critical habitat was proposed for Puget Sound DPS steelhead on 25 March 2016 and includes estuarine and riverine habitat. Critical habitat for Puget Sound DPS steelhead is present within the action area. 4.2.1 Distribution and Habitat Requirements Steelhead is a more widely distributed anadromous fish than salmonids. Spawning occurs throughout the winter and spring seasons. Summer-run fish populations are smaller than winter-run fish as they use a smaller portion of stream for spawning. Wild fish mature for up to two years in freshwater habitat and migrate quickly to the open ocean, bypassing the use of shallow, nearshore habitat (Behnke 1992). Adult steelhead trout will spend up to three years in the open ocean before returning to their rearing grounds (NOAA 2016). Steelhead use a variety of habitats throughout the freshwater portion of their life history. As with all salmonid species, water temperatures and intra-gravel flow are also important for spawning and incubation. After fry emerge from the gravels, they seek complex habitat of boulders, rootwads, and woody material along the stream margins. As juveniles get older and larger, they move downstream to rear in larger tributaries and main stem rivers. Undercut banks, large woody debris (LWD), and boulders are all used by larger juveniles. 4.2.2 Status Factors contributing to the decline of Puget Sound DPS steelhead include blocked access to historical habitat, habitat degradation, channelization, contamination, forest practices, and urbanization. The primary limiting factors for this DPS are degradation and fragmentation of freshwater habitat. Most populations of this DPS are declining annually by between 3 to 10 percent with a moderate to high extinction risk within 100 years (NMFS 2011). 4.2.3 Presence in Action Area The Cedar River drains to lower Lake Washington, which connects to Puget Sound. The Cedar River contains a Puget Sound ESU/DPU winter-run steelhead stock. Wild winter-run fish run from February through April while hatchery fish run from mid- November through mid-February. 4.3 BULL TROUT (SALVELINUS CONFLUENTUS) The Puget Sound DPS bull trout are listed as threatened by the USFWS under the ESA. Nearshore marine areas are identified as critical habitat for bull trout in addition to various rivers and creeks. (70 FR 56212-56311). The Puget Sound DPS includes DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB Biological Evaluation WSP USA, A19.0010.00 City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs May 2019 Renton, Washington Page 9 of 25 all natural spawning populations of bull trout in the Puget Sound basin, including in the streams that flow into Puget Sound. The Puget Sound DPS bull trout is a federal threatened species. Bull trout are piscivorous and are the only native char. 4.3.1 Distribution and Habitat Requirements Compared to other salmonids, bull trout are thought to have more specific habitat requirements and are most often associated with undisturbed habitat with diverse cover and structure. Spawning and rearing are thought to be primarily restricted to relatively pristine cold streams, often within headwater reaches (Rieman and McIntyre 1993). Adults can reside in lakes, reservoirs, and coastal areas or they can migrate to saltwater (63 FR 31647). Juveniles are typically associated with shallow backwater or side-channel areas, while older individuals are often found in deeper pools sheltered by large organic debris, vegetation, or undercut banks (63 FR 31467). Water temperature is also a critical factor for bull trout, and areas where water temperature exceeds 59°F (15°C) are thought to limit distribution (Rieman and McIntyre 1993). 4.3.2 Status Key factors in the decline of bull trout populations include harvest by anglers, impacts to watershed biological integrity, and the isolation and fragmentation of populations. Changes in sediment delivery (particularly to spawning areas), degradation and scouring, shading (high water temperature), water quality, and low hydrologic cycles adversely affect bull trout. Therefore, impacted watersheds are negatively associated with current populations. Additionally, bull trout appear to be affected negatively by non-native trout species through competition and hybridization. 4.3.3 Presence in Action Area Within the Cedar River Municipal Watershed, bull trout are found in portions of several tributaries to Chester Morse Lake, which includes the Cedar River. Critical habitat for bull trout is designated throughout Lake Washington north of the action area. 4.4 CRITICAL HABITAT DESIGNATION FOR EACH ESU/DPS This section describes the critical habitat designations and/or proposals for each ESA- listed species that could potentially occur within the action area. 4.4.1 Salmon and Steelhead Critical habitat has been designated within the action area for the ESU/DPS of ESA- listed salmon that may occur within the action area. Table 5 summarizes critical habitat designations and descriptions for Chinook and steelhead. The proposed action occurs within critical habitat for Puget Sound DPS steelhead. Critical habitat was proposed for Puget Sound DPS steelhead in January 2013 and includes several freshwater rivers (Cedar River) and tributaries that empty into Lake Washington. DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB Biological Evaluation WSP USA, A19.0010.00 City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs May 2019 Renton, Washington Page 10 of 25 Table 4. Salmon Critical Habitat Designation and Description Species and ESU/DPS Date of Critical Habitat Proposal Description of Critical Habitat Chinook Salmon Puget Sound ESU 16 February 2000 River subbasins: Nooksack, Upper Skagit, Sauk, Lower Skagit, Stillaguamish, Skykomish, Snoqualmie, Snohomish, Duwamish, Puyallup, Nisqually, Skokomish, and Dungeness/Elwha Lake Washington, Hood Canal, Nearshore Marine Areas of the Strait of Georgia, Puget Sound, Hood Canal, and the Strait of Juan de Fuca (to the west edge of the Elwha River Delta) Steelhead Puget Sound DPS 14 January 2013 Fresh water and estuarine habitat in Puget Sound, including the Snohomish River and tributaries 4.4.1.1 Primary Constituent Elements This section consists of a discussion of the primary constituent elements (PCEs) that have been identified for ESA-listed salmon and steelhead and the potential for their presence within the action area. 1. Freshwater spawning sites with water quantity and quality conditions and substrate supporting spawning, incubation, and larval development. Action area: The action area includes the freshwater habitats of the Cedar River basin. This PCE is present within the action area. 2. Freshwater rearing sites with water quantity and floodplain connectivity to form and maintain physical habitat conditions and support juvenile growth and mobility; water quality and forage supporting juvenile development; and natural cover, such as shade, submerged and overhanging large wood, log jams and beaver dams, aquatic vegetation, large rocks and boulders, side channels, and undercut banks. Action area: The action area includes the freshwater habitat of the Cedar River. This PCE is present within the action area. 3. Freshwater migration corridors free of obstruction with water quantity and quality conditions and natural cover, such as submerged and overhanging large wood, aquatic vegetation, large rocks and boulders, side channels, and undercut banks supporting juvenile and adult mobility and survival. Action area: The action area includes the freshwater habitat of the Cedar River. This PCE is present within the action area. 4. Estuarine areas free of obstruction with water quality, water quantity and salinity conditions supporting juvenile and adult physiological transitions between fresh- and saltwater; natural cover, such as submerged and overhanging large wood, aquatic vegetation, large rocks and boulders, and DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB Biological Evaluation WSP USA, A19.0010.00 City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs May 2019 Renton, Washington Page 11 of 25 side channels, and juvenile and adult forage, including aquatic invertebrates and fishes, supporting growth and maturation. Action area: The action area includes the freshwater habitat of the Cedar River. Estuarine habitat is not present within the action area and, therefore, this PCE is not present within the action area. 5. Nearshore marine areas free of obstruction with water quality and quantity conditions and forage, including aquatic invertebrates and fishes, supporting growth and maturation; and natural cover, such as submerged and overhanging large wood, aquatic vegetation, large rocks and boulders, and side channels. Action area: The action area includes the freshwater habitat of the Cedar River and nearshore marine waters are not present within the action area. This PCE is not present within the action area. 6. Offshore marine areas with water quality conditions and forage, including aquatic invertebrates and fishes, supporting growth and maturation. Action area: There are no offshore marine areas within the action area. This PCE is not present within the action area. 4.4.2 Bull Trout Critical habitat has been designated for bull trout but does not occur within the action area. 4.4.3 Marbled Murrelet Critical habitat has been designated for marbled murrelet (76 FR 65324) but none occur within the action area. 5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE This section outlines the presence and condition of aquatic and terrestrial habitat features within the action area as they pertain to the species addressed in this BE. The following sections summarize the baseline habitat conditions at both the action area and watershed scales, and then analyze the likely effects that the proposed action would have on the baseline conditions at both scales. 5.1 GENERAL SETTING The proposed activities will occur on an existing pedestrian bridge over the Cedar River in Renton, Washington (Sheets 1 and 2). The project site is within Water Resource Inventory Area 8, Cedar-Sammamish watershed, and is located within Hydraulic Unit Code 17110012. The Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) owns the property that is used as a pedestrian and bicycle trail as part of the Cedar River trail system, which originates in the Renton area (Sheets 1 and 3) and runs south adjacent to WA 169 where it terminates near Landsburg Park. Adjacent parcels are developed with single-family residences. The City owns the parcels to the north, and these parcels are DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB Biological Evaluation WSP USA, A19.0010.00 City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs May 2019 Renton, Washington Page 12 of 25 used as a parking area for site access to the Cedar River trail. The City also owns the vacant parcels to the west and southwest of the project parcel. The shoreline of the Cedar River has been altered from its natural condition. Portions of the shoreline are artificially hardened with riprap. Pile-supported structures like bridges are common along the shoreline. 5.2 TERRESTRIAL AND RIPARIAN HABITAT Terrestrial habitat, defined as areas landward of the top of bank, within the action area consist largely of native and non-native vegetation near the top of the bank, including red alder (Alnus rubra), black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa), bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum), English ivy (Hedera helix), and sparse patches of sword fern (Polystichum munitum). Beyond the top of the bank are developed areas, including a parking lot, residential areas, and a highway (State Route 169 [SR 169]). Riparian habitat is defined as the zone above ordinary high water (OHW). Riparian habitat along the Cedar River generally consists of deciduous trees that provide overwater shading for cooler water temperatures. The overhanging vegetation contributes organic matter input to the river system providing a forage base for benthic invertebrates and, consequently, a greater source of food for predatory fish. The Cedar River riparian habitat also provides foraging, roosting, and breeding habitat for migratory birds. 5.3 AQUATIC HABITAT The project is located at the pedestrian bridge traversing the Cedar River that flows north and drains to Lake Washington. The Cedar River provides aquatic habitat for a variety of species of fish and wildlife. The river provides cool, clear water and substrate for fish rearing, spawning, migration, and foraging. The Cedar River is an unblocked passage for fish migrating to Lake Washington. Waterfowl also use the low-elevation coniferous forest on the banks of the river for foraging. 6.0 MATRIX OF PATHWAYS AND INDICATORS ANALYSIS An evaluation of the baseline watershed habitat conditions within the action area was conducted according to the guidance outlined in Making Endangered Species Act Determinations of Effect for Individual or Grouped Actions at the Watershed Scale (NMFS 1996). The evaluation assessed several baseline indicators of habitat quality and determined whether the proposed action would restore, maintain, or degrade existing baseline conditions at the watershed and action area level. Table 8 shows the results of this analysis. In general, the environmental baseline conditions within the action area are degraded. As indicated in Table 8, most of the indicators of environmental condition are not properly functioning, or are functioning at risk, at both the watershed and action area scales. There is little functioning estuarine or intertidal habitat within the action area because of the extent of historic development. DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB Biological Evaluation WSP USA, A19.0010.00 City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs May 2019 Renton, Washington Page 13 of 25 Table 5. Overview of Environmental Baseline Conditions at Action Area and Watershed Scales Diagnostic/Pathway Indicators Baseline Environmental Conditions Effects of Project Activities Water Quality Temperature PF Maintain Sediment/Turbidity PF Maintain Chemical Contamination/Nutrients PF Maintain Habitat Access Physical Barriers PF Maintain Habitat Elements Substrate PF Maintain Large Woody Debris PF Maintain Pool Frequency PF Maintain Pool Quality PF Maintain Off-Channel Habitat NPF Maintain Refugia NPF Maintain Channel Conditions/Dynamics Width/Depth Ratio PF Maintain Shoreline Condition NPF Maintain Floodplain Connectivity NPF Maintain Flow/Hydrology Change in Peak/Base Flows NPF Maintain Increase in Drainage Network NPF Maintain Watershed Conditions Road Density and Location NPF Maintain Disturbance History NPF Maintain Riparian Reserves PF Maintain Notes: NPF-Not Properly Functioning; PF=Properly Functioning; NA-Not Applicable Source: Information in this table has been derived from Current and Future Conditions Summary Report Cedar River (King County Surface Water Management) 1993. 6.1 WATER QUALITY 6.1.1 Water Temperature Average temperatures within the lower Cedar River are generally below 15°C. Shallower water temperatures may exceed this level but is not expected to exceed state water quality thresholds. Within the action area and watershed, baseline conditions for water temperature are determined to be properly functioning. The proposed action will maintain this indicator at both the action area and watershed scales. DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB Biological Evaluation WSP USA, A19.0010.00 City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs May 2019 Renton, Washington Page 14 of 25 6.1.2 Sediment/Turbidity Sediments within the portion of the Cedar River within the action area are predominantly fine-grained. The average level of turbidity in the Cedar River is low, based on routine monitoring performed between 2009 and 2019 (King County 2019). Within the action area and watershed scales, baseline conditions for sediment and turbidity are determined to be properly functioning. The proposed action will maintain this indicator at both the action area and watershed scales. 6.1.3 Chemical Contamination/Nutrients Water quality is not a limiting factor in the Cedar River. The 2012 Environmental Protection Agency 303d list does not identify any contaminants as present within the action area. Within the action area and watershed, baseline conditions for chemical and nutrient contamination are determined to be properly functioning. The proposed action will maintain this indicator at both the action area and watershed scales. The project will have no measurable long-term effects on chemical contamination or nutrient loading within the Cedar River, and BMPs will be sufficient to ensure that the project does not result in any contaminant releases. 6.2 HABITAT ACCESS 6.2.1 Physical Barriers There are no barriers to fish migration within the action area. For this reason, within the action area, baseline conditions for physical barriers are determined to be properly functioning. The proposed action will maintain this indicator at both the action area and watershed scales. The proposed activities will not pose a significant barrier to fish passage at any range of flow at either the action area scale or the watershed scale. 6.3 HABITAT ELEMENTS 6.3.1 Substrate Sedimentation in the river has altered the substrate within the portion of the action area. According to the Cedar River Current and Future Conditions Summary Report (King County 1993), removal of forest cover accompanying continuing urbanization has resulted in increases in sedimentation and erosion. Within the action area, therefore, as well as at the watershed scale, baseline conditions for substrate are determined to be properly functioning. The proposed action will maintain this indicator at both the action area and watershed scales in the long term. 6.3.2 Large Woody Debris Most of the lower main stem of the Cedar River contains low volumes of LWD. LWD has historically been removed from the Cedar River, which has altered the river DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB Biological Evaluation WSP USA, A19.0010.00 City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs May 2019 Renton, Washington Page 15 of 25 by increasing the energy of floodwater and degrading pools (King County 1993). Any LWD input to the action area comes from the riparian vegetation along river. Within the action area, therefore, baseline conditions for LWD are determined to be properly functioning. The proposed action will maintain this indicator at the action area scale and maintain it at the watershed scale in the long term. The proposed action will not result in any impacts to riparian vegetation or habitat and will not affect the opportunity for future recruitment. 6.3.3 Pool Frequency Within the Renton reach of the Cedar River, there are very few documented pools, if any. The frequency of pool habitat within the waters of the action area is low due to armored banks and low volumes of LWD. River flows are also controlled and diverted by levees, decreasing the opportunity for pools to form (King County 1993). Within the action area, therefore, baseline conditions for pool frequency are determined to be properly functioning. The proposed action will maintain this indicator at both the action area and watershed scales. 6.3.4 Pool Quality There is very little to no pool habitat within the action area on the Cedar River. Within the action area, therefore, baseline conditions for pool quality are determined to be properly functioning. The proposed action will maintain this indicator at both the action area and watershed scales. 6.3.5 Off-Channel Habitat There is a limited amount of off-channel habitat within the action area. Off-channel habitats have largely been eliminated over time on this main stem stretch of the Cedar River. Wetlands, ponds, and side channels, important ecological habitats for the development of young salmonids, are reduced from historic conditions (King County 1993). Baseline conditions for off-channel habitat are not properly functioning within the action area. The proposed action will maintain this indicator at the action area scale and at the watershed scale. The proposed action will not result in any impacts to off-channel habitat at either the watershed or the action area scale. 6.3.6 Refugia The shoreline within the action area consists of hardened and armored shoreline. Riparian habitat along the Cedar River generally consists of deciduous trees but is limited. Vegetation at the top of the bank generally consists of native and non-native plants, including red alder (Alnus rubra), black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa), bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum), English ivy (Hedera helix), and sparse patches of sword fern (Polystichum munitum). There are no side channels present within the DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB Biological Evaluation WSP USA, A19.0010.00 City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs May 2019 Renton, Washington Page 16 of 25 action area. Baseline conditions for refugia within the action area and watershed scales are not properly functioning. The proposed action will maintain this indicator at both the action area and watershed scales. The proposed action will not result in any impacts to the quality or quantity of refugia at either the watershed or action area scale. 6.4 CHANNEL CONDITIONS AND DYNAMICS 6.4.1 Width/Depth Ratio The average width of the Cedar River is 111 feet (Gendaszek et al., 2012). The width has decreased over time due to reduced flood flows from upstream dams, which resulted in a change from the historic braided river pattern with multiple channels to a single-thread pattern. The channel depth fluctuates based on the frequency of flooding events, dredging, and the decreasing channel width over time (King County 1993). This indicator is determined to be properly functioning at the action area and watershed scales. The proposed action will maintain this indicator at both the action area and watershed scales in the long term. 6.4.2 Streambank Condition Most of the shoreline of the Cedar River in the action area has been armored and developed (King County 1993). The indicator for streambank condition within the action area is not properly functioning. The proposed action will maintain this indicator at both the action area and watershed scales in the long term. The proposed action will not result in any significant impacts to streambank condition at either the action area or the watershed scale. 6.4.3 Floodplain Connectivity There is little natural floodplain habitat within the action area. Historic development and shoreline armoring have led to a condition where most of the terrestrial portion of the action area is completely removed from any floodplain. Conditions are similar throughout the watershed (King County 1993). Therefore, within the action area and at the watershed scale, floodplain connectivity is determined to be not properly functioning. The proposed action will maintain this indicator at both the action area and watershed scales in the long term. The proposed action will not result in any impacts to floodplain connectivity within the action area or at the watershed scale. 6.5 FLOW/HYDROLOGY 6.5.1 Change in Peak/Base Flows Development has altered the river landscape through the addition of impervious surfaces in the action area, which has resulted in changes in flow rates and more DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB Biological Evaluation WSP USA, A19.0010.00 City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs May 2019 Renton, Washington Page 17 of 25 frequent flooding events (King County 1993). Therefore, within the action area and at the watershed scale, change in peak/base flows are determined to be not properly functioning. The proposed action will maintain this indicator at both the action area and watershed scales in the long term. The proposed action will not result in any impacts to peak/base flows within the action area or at the watershed scale. 6.5.2 Increase in Drainage Network Stormwater and surface water runoff is high due to development of the surrounding area, which has led to increased inputs to the Cedar River. There are no wetlands or lakes within the action area that store water flows from the river (King County 1993). Therefore, within the action area and at the watershed scale, an increase in drainage network is determined to be not properly functioning. The proposed action will maintain this indicator at both the action area and watershed scales in the long term. The proposed action will not result in any impacts to the drainage network within the action area or at the watershed scale. 6.6 WATERSHED CONDITIONS 6.6.1 Road Density and Location In general, road density surrounding the action area is high because of urban development. Therefore, the indicator for road density and location at both the action area and watershed is not properly functioning. The proposed action will maintain this indicator at both the action area and watershed in the long term. 6.6.2 Disturbance History Disturbance levels within the action area are above the threshold for proper functioning because of urban development. The shoreline has been historically altered and armored throughout the action area. The indicator for disturbance history within the action area is not properly functioning. The proposed action will maintain this indicator at both the action area and watershed scales in the long term. The proposed action will not result in any significant amount of disturbance at either the action area or the watershed scale. 6.6.3 Riparian Reserves In general, riparian vegetation adjacent to the action area is composed of deciduous trees. Riparian habitat in the action area is somewhat limited due to development but still maintains processes to keep the aquatic ecosystem functioning properly. This indicator is determined to be properly functioning at the action area and watershed scales. The proposed action will maintain this indicator at both the action area and watershed scales in the long term. DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB Biological Evaluation WSP USA, A19.0010.00 City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs May 2019 Renton, Washington Page 18 of 25 6.7 PATHWAYS AND INDICATORS SPECIFIC TO BULL TROUT ONLY The USFWS provides a matrix of pathways and indicators specific to bull trout. The proposed action will not affect these indicators significantly; therefore, they are not addressed in detail here. The specific indicators are as follows. Subpopulation size Growth and survival Life history diversity and isolation Persistence and genetic integrity Integration of species and habitat conditions The proposed action will maintain all of these indicators at both the action area and watershed scales in the long term. It is possible that bull trout migrating through the Cedar River may be present when in-water work is being conducted, but bull trout are likely not present within the action area for significant periods. There is little or no suitable bull trout rearing or foraging habitat within the action area, and they are more likely to occur further north in Lake Washington. The proposed action will have no measurable effect on any of the indicators of proper functioning condition for bull trout habitat. 7.0 EFFECTS OF THE ACTION 7.1 DIRECT EFFECTS Direct effects are the direct or immediate impacts of the proposed action to federally listed species and their habitat. This section addresses potential direct effects that listed species and critical habitats could experience because of the proposed action and the likely response to each potential direct effect. 7.1.1 Water Quality In- and over-water work activities associated with pile repairs and riprap placement have the potential for direct water-quality impacts. Construction debris can enter the waterway during construction activities. There is also slight potential for leaks and spills of fuel, hydraulic fluids, lubricants, and other chemicals from equipment and storage containers associated with the project. Discharge of vehicle and equipment wash water, etc., could also add pollutants that could enter the water. The contractor will be required to provide and implement impact minimization measures and BMPs, including the preparation of an SPCC plan (see Section 2.3). Additional BMPs have been included to avoid any potential impacts from hazardous materials. These BMPs include inspecting construction equipment daily to ensure that there are no leaks of hydraulic fluids, fuel, lubricants, or other petroleum products and locating temporary material and equipment staging areas above the OHW of the action area waterbody and outside environmentally sensitive areas. The following ESA-listed species and designated critical habitat have the potential to be exposed to the direct effects of temporarily decreased water quality conditions that could occur within the action area during project construction. DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB Biological Evaluation WSP USA, A19.0010.00 City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs May 2019 Renton, Washington Page 19 of 25 Puget Sound ESU Chinook salmon and designated critical habitat Puget Sound DPS steelhead and designated critical habitat Puget Sound DPS bull trout Marbled murrelet During the in-water work period, foraging juveniles and migrating adult salmon, steelhead, and bull trout could be present within the action area. These species, if present during construction, would likely be feeding and would not be present within the action area for any significant period. It is possible that migrating adult and/or rearing juvenile salmon, steelhead, and bull trout, as well as marbled murrelet could be present within the action area and could be exposed to temporarily decreased water quality conditions, such as potential debris contamination. The geographic extent and duration of any potential short-term decreases in water quality conditions are expected to be limited to within 300 feet downstream of the work area, and the BMPs implemented for the proposed action (including the implementation of an SPCC plan) will be sufficient to minimize any effects. 7.1.2 Noise The project has the potential to generate low levels of terrestrial noise associated with conducting the proposed maintenance and repair activities. The standard construction equipment that will be required includes a boom crane, generators, vacuums, and the hand and power tools used to conduct the repairs. Because most of the work will be conducted overwater and in the dry, the project is not expected to measurably elevate underwater noise. The work will take place upland, and the use of vessels within the river is not anticipated. The levels of terrestrial noise that will be generated will be minimal and are not expected to be elevated significantly above the ambient noise levels at the site. Ambient noise levels at the site are approximated at 70 decibels, based on traffic volume and speed on SR 169 adjacent to the site (WSDOT 2018). No measurable or significant effects related to terrestrial or underwater noise are anticipated from project activities. 7.1.3 Direct Habitat Impacts The proposed maintenance and repair activities will occur within the footprint of the existing facilities and will not result in any increase in benthic impacts or overwater coverage within the action area. There will be no expansion of the project footprint, and previously impacted areas will be repaired. The placement of riprap into the water behind the timber facing will be the only direct impact on habitat. 7.2 INDIRECT EFFECTS Indirect effects are defined as those effects that are caused by or result from the proposed action that are later in time but still reasonably certain to occur. The proposed action will not result in any increase in capacity or any other indirect effects DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB Biological Evaluation WSP USA, A19.0010.00 City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs May 2019 Renton, Washington Page 20 of 25 that could affect ESA-listed species. The effects of the proposed action will be limited to those direct effects associated with the maintenance and repair activities. 7.3 EFFECTS FROM INTERDEPENDENT AND INTERRELATED ACTIONS Interdependent actions are defined as those actions having no independent utility apart from the proposed action (50 Code of Federal Regulations [CFR] §402-02). Interdependent actions are typically “because of” the proposed action. Interrelated actions are defined as those actions that are part of a larger action and depend on the larger action for their justification (50 CFR §402-02). Interrelated actions are typically “associated with” the proposed action. Actions associated with the proposed action include maintenance repairs to an existing pedestrian bridge and the placement of riprap at the base of the trestle. These actions will take place within the footprint of the existing pedestrian bridge and the existing shoreline armoring. The effects of the proposed action are limited to those direct effects associated with the maintenance and repair activities. There are no interdependent and interrelated effects associated with this maintenance activity. 7.4 EFFECTS DETERMINATIONS FOR LISTED SPECIES AND DESIGNATED CRITICAL HABITAT Based on the description of the proposed action and the analysis provided in this document, Table 9 lists the effects determinations for ESA-listed species and species proposed for listing, while Table 10 shows the effects determinations for designated critical habitats. A summary description of how these effects determinations were reached for each species and critical habitat follows the tables. Table 9. Effects Determinations Summary – Species Species ESU/DPS Federal Status Effect Determination Chinook Salmon Puget Sound ESU Threatened NLTAA Steelhead Puget Sound DPS Threatened NLTAA Bull Trout Coastal Puget Sound DPS Threatened NLTAA Marbled Murrelet CA/WA/OR DPS Threatened NLTAA Notes: LTAA = Likely to Adversely Affect; NLTAA = Not Likely to Adversely Affect; NE = No Effect; ESU = Evolutionarily Significant Unit; DPS = Distinct Population Segment; DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB Biological Evaluation WSP USA, A19.0010.00 City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs May 2019 Renton, Washington Page 21 of 25 Table 10. Effects Determinations Summary - Critical Habitats Species ESU/DPS Critical Habitat Status Effect Determination Chinook Salmon Puget Sound ESU Designated NLTAA Steelhead Puget Sound DPS Designated NLTAA Bull Trout Puget Sound DPS Designated but not present in action area NLTAA NLTAA = Not Likely to Adversely Affect; NE = No Effect; NA = Not Applicable; ESU = Evolutionarily Significant Unit; DPS = Distinct Population Segment; 7.4.1 Species 7.4.1.1 Puget Sound ESU Chinook Salmon, Puget Sound DPS Steelhead, and Puget Sound DPS Bull Trout The proposed action “may affect, but is not likely to adversely affect” Puget Sound ESU Chinook salmon, Puget Sound DPS steelhead, and Puget Sound bull trout. This determination is warranted based on the following. The project will require work below the OHWM within waters of the Cedar River, which represents migratory habitat for adult and juvenile salmon, steelhead, and bull trout. The proposed action will conduct work below the OHWM of the Cedar River during the in-water work period when salmon, steelhead, and bull trout could potentially be migrating or foraging in the area. Salmonid use of the action area is limited to moderate-quality foraging and migration habitat. No freshwater rearing or spawning habitat occurs within the action area. Even under normal, non-project conditions, migrating adult and juvenile salmonids likely move through the action area rapidly. The project has the potential to result in temporarily impaired water quality within the action area. The impact minimization and BMPs (described in Section 2.3), including work within the in-water work window will be sufficient to reduce the potential for adverse effects to an insignificant level. The levels of terrestrial noise that will be generated will be de-minimis, and are not expected to be elevated significantly above the ambient noise levels at the site. 7.4.2 Critical Habitats 7.4.2.1 Designated Salmon and Steelhead Critical Habitat Critical habitat has been designated for Puget Sound ESU Chinook salmon and Puget Sound DPS steelhead and occurs within the action area. The effects determination is that the proposed project “may affect, but is not likely to adversely affect” these critical habitats. This determination is warranted based on the following rationale. DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB Biological Evaluation WSP USA, A19.0010.00 City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs May 2019 Renton, Washington Page 22 of 25 The proposed action will require work below the OHWM within waters of the Cedar River, which has been designated critical habitat for the ESU/DPS of salmon and steelhead listed above. The waters within the action area provide adequate migratory, water quality, and food base PCEs of critical habitat for the ESU/DPS of salmon and steelhead. The project has the potential to result in temporarily impaired water quality within the action area. Impacts to water quality associated with the proposed action will be temporary in nature and will not result in any measurable or significant effects to any PCEs of critical habitat. The impact minimization and BMPs (described in Section 2.3), including work within the in-water work window, will be sufficient to ensure that temporarily impaired water quality conditions do not adversely affect any PCE of critical habitat for salmon, steelhead, or bull trout. The proposed action has the potential to result in temporarily elevated underwater noise levels during construction; however, the levels of terrestrial and underwater noise that will be generated will be minimal and are not expected to be elevated significantly above the ambient noise levels at the site. Because most of the work will be conducted overwater and in the dry, the project is not expected to measurably elevate underwater noise. The proposed action will not result in any benthic impacts. 8.0 REFERENCES Behnke, R.J. 1992. Native trout of western North America. American Fisheries Society Monograph 6. Bethesda, Maryland. BergerABAM. 2018. 2018 Inspection Report Cedar River Railroad Bridge. Draft Submittal. Submitted to City of Renton, Renton, Washington. July 2018. City of Seattle. 2007. Seattle Biological Evaluation. Seattle, WA. 1 May 2007. Federal Transit Administration (FTA). 2006. Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Guidance FTA-VA-90-1003-06. May 2006. Gendaszek, A.S., C.S. Magirl, and C.R. Czuba. 2012. Geomorphic response to flow regulation and channel and floodplain alteration in the gravel-bedded Cedar River, Washington, USA. 258-268. Hamer, T.E., and S.K. Nelson. 1995. Characteristics of marbled murrelet nest trees and nest stands. In Ecology and Conservation of the Marbled Murrelet. Ralph, C.J., G.L. Hunt, Jr., M.G. Raphael, J.F. Piatt, technical editors. General Technical Report. PSW-GTR-152. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. 69-82. DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB Biological Evaluation WSP USA, A19.0010.00 City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs May 2019 Renton, Washington Page 23 of 25 King County Department of Public Works. 1993. Cedar River Current and Future Conditions. Summary Report. Seattle, WA. Surface Water Management Division. October 1993. King County. 2019. King County Water Quality Monitoring. https://green2.kingcounty.gov/streamsdata/watershedinfo.aspx?Locator=0438#s pecialstudies. Accessed May 6, 2019. Lower Columbia Fish Recovery Board (LCFRB). 2004. Lower Columbia Salmon Recovery and Fish and Wildlife Subbasin Plan, Volume I—Regional Plan. Myers, J.M., R.G. Kope, G.J. Bryant, D. Teel, L.J. Lierheimer, T.C. Wainwright, W.S. Grant, F.W. Waknitz, K. Neely, S.T. Lindley, and R.S. Waples. 1998. Status Review of Chinook Salmon from Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and California. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS- NWFSC-35, 443pp. National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). 2019. ESA Salmon Listings, available at http://www.nwr.noaa.gov/protected_species/salmon_steelhead/salmon_and_stee lhead_listings/salmon_and_steelhead_listings.html. Accessed March 14, 2019. National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). 2011. 5-Year Review: Summary & Evaluation of Puget Sound Chinook, Hood Canal Summer Chum, Puget Sound Steelhead. National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). 1996. Making Endangered Species Act Determinations of Effect for Individual or Grouped Actions at the Watershed Scale. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 2016. Steelhead Trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) http://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/pr/species/fish/steelhead-trout.html. Accessed June 20, 2017. Pacific Fisheries Management Council (PFMC). 1999. Amendment 14 to the Pacific Coast salmon plan, Appendix A: Identification and description of Essential Fish Habitat, adverse impacts, and recommended conservation measures for salmon. Portland, OR. Pacific Fisheries Management Council (PFMC). 1998a. The Coastal Pelagic Species Fishery Management Plan: Amendment 8. Pacific Fisheries Management Council (PFMC). 1998b. Final Environmental Assessment/Regulatory Review for Amendment 11 to the Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan. Rieman, B.E. and J.D. McIntyre. 1993. Demographic and habitat requirements for the conservation of bull trout Salvelinus confluentus. USDA Forest Service DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB Biological Evaluation WSP USA, A19.0010.00 City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs May 2019 Renton, Washington Page 24 of 25 Intermountain Research Station, General Technical Report INT-302, Ogden, UT. Smith, Carol J. 2003. Salmon and Steelhead Habitat Limiting Factors Water Resource Inventory Areas 3 and 4, The Skagit and Samish Basins. Washington State Conservation Commission. Lacey, WA. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2019. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Trust Resources List, Endangered Species Act Species List. http://ecos.fws.gov/ipac/ Accessed March 14, 2019. Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW). 2019a. Priority Habitats and Species List—PHS on the Web. http://wdfw.wa.gov/mapping/phs/ Accessed March 14, 2019. Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW). 2019b. WDFW SalmonScape database. Accessed online at http://wdfw.wa.gov/mapping/salmonscape/index.html. Accessed March 14, 2019. Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). 2018. Biological Assessment Preparation – Advanced Training Manual Version 02-2018. February 2018. DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB Biological Evaluation WSP USA, A19.0010.00 City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs May 2019 Renton, Washington Page 25 of 25 9.0 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS BE biological evaluation BMP best management practice BRT Biological Review Team Cadman Cadman Materials, Inc. CFR Code of Federal Regulations cy cubic yard DMMP Dredged Material Management Program DPS distinct population segment Ecology Washington State Department of Ecology ESA Endangered Species Act ESU evolutionarily significant unit FTA Federal Transit Administration GB Georgia Basin HDPE high-density polyethylene LTAA likely to adversely affect LWD large woody debris MHHW mean higher high water MLLW mean lower low water MMPA Marine Mammal Protection Act NE no effect NLTAA not likely to adversely affect NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NPF not properly functioning NTU nephelometric turbidity unit OHWM ordinary high water mark PCE primary constituent element PF properly functioning PHS Priority Habitat and Species SAP sampling and analysis plan SPCC spill prevention, control, and countermeasures SRBSRTC Snohomish River Basin Salmonid Recovery Technical Committee UHMW ultra-high molecular weight USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service WDFW Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife WSDOT Washington State Department of Transportation DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB APPENDIX A FIGURES DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB APPENDIX B SPECIES LIST DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB APPENDIX C ESSENTIAL FISH HABITAT DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB Biological Evaluation WSP USA, A19.0010.00 City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs May 2019 Renton, Washington Appendix C – Essential Fish Habitat Page 1 of 2 APPENDIX C ESSENTIAL FISH HABITAT Public Law 104-297, the Sustainable Fisheries Act of 1996, amended the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (Magnuson-Stevens Act) to establish new requirements for Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) descriptions in federal fishery management plans and to require federal agencies to consult with National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) on activities that may adversely affect EFH. The Magnuson-Stevens Act requires consultation for all federal agency actions that may adversely affect EFH. The action area is within designated EFH for Pacific salmon. EFH for Pacific salmon in fresh water includes all streams, lakes, ponds, wetlands, and other currently viable bodies of fresh water and the substrates within those waterbodies accessible to Pacific salmon. Activities occurring above impassable barriers that are likely to adversely affect EFH below impassable barriers are subject to the consultation provisions of the Magnuson- Stevens Act. The Magnuson-Stevens Act requires consultation for all federal agency actions that may adversely affect EFH. EFH consultation with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries is required by federal agencies undertaking, permitting, or funding activities that may adversely affect EFH, regardless of its location. Under Section 305(b)(4) of the Magnuson-Stevens Act, NOAA Fisheries is required to provide EFH conservation and enhancement recommendations to federal and state agencies for actions that adversely affect EFH. Wherever possible, NOAA Fisheries uses existing interagency coordination processes to fulfill EFH consultations with federal agencies. For the proposed action, this goal is being met by incorporating EFH consultation into the Endangered Species Act (ESA) Section 7 consultation, as represented by this Biological Evaluation. Location As stated above, the proposed activities will occur on an existing pedestrian bridge over the Cedar River in Renton, Washington. The action area is within Water Resource Inventory Area 8, Cedar-Sammamish watershed, and is located within Hydraulic Unit Code 17110012 (see Section 2.0 for a complete description of the action area). Description of Project Activities Degradation was found in two of the timber piles supporting the north abutment and in some of the timbers in the pad supporting the steel truss bridge. Timber facing for the abutment has deteriorated and subsequent loss of material weakened the abutment. The proposed repairs will rebuild the abutment within its current footprint by repairing timber piles, repairing/replacing timber facing, and replacing lost material behind the facing. DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB Biological Evaluation WSP USA, A19.0010.00 City of Renton Cedar River Trail Trestle Bridge Repairs May 2019 Renton, Washington Appendix C – Essential Fish Habitat Page 2 of 2 Repairs will be made to existing serviceable facilities and conducted within the existing footprint of the facilities with minimal environmental impacts. The proposed action is described in detail in Section 2.0 of this Biological Evaluation. Potential Adverse Effects of Project Activities The proposed action has the potential to affect EFH for Pacific salmon species. Specific elements of the proposed action that could potentially impact EFH are summarized here (see Section 7.0 for a detailed analysis of the potential effects of the project). Direct effects of the proposed action will be largely temporary in nature. Temporary impacts to habitat will be limited to the potential for temporarily impaired water quality conditions and temporarily elevated noise levels within the action area. Minimization Measures and Best Management Practices Conservation/minimization measures and BMPs that will be implemented by the project are discussed in Section 2.3 in the Biological Evaluation. All work below the mean higher high water of the Cedar River will be conducted during the in- water work window for waters of the Cedar River (between 16 July and 31 December), which avoids the peak run timing for most runs of salmon. Implementation of these minimization measures and BMPs will be sufficient to ensure that any impacts to EFH are temporary and insignificant, and do not affect any functional component of EFH for Pacific salmon species. Conclusions In accordance with the EFH requirements of the Magnuson-Stevens Act, it has been determined that the project “will not adversely affect” EFH for Pacific salmon species. The proposed action has incorporated minimization and avoidance measures, and BMPs intended to avoid and/or minimize potential effects to habitat. Water quality and noise impacts that may result during construction will be temporary and will result in no significant effects to any functional component of EFH for Pacific salmon species. DocuSign Envelope ID: F51290C7-4E46-4E5D-88E7-39279F6550DB