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Home My WebLink AboutWater Fluoridation Proposal 1984 • FLUORIDE ,.. concentrations ,.... i . PUBLIC WATER '' \,,- - N."---,......„,..N SUPPLIES .. ... F of t.„.„.„ . N.N.N.N.N.NN: WASHINGTON • . statedepartment of health ' . � washington INTRODUCTION The fluoride data which follow are taken from chemical analyses from several sources, of public water supplies, according to the following code: A = Washington State Department of Health B = United States Geological Survey Private = Private commercial laboratory. Fluoride is reported in parts per million (ppm) and hardness as parts per million (ppm) of calcium carbonate. To obtain copies of this bulletin, further information on any of this data, or promotional materials for use in fluoridation campaigns, contact: Dental Health Section Washington State Department of Health Public Health Building Olympia, Washington 98501. FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY (ppm) (ppm) ADAMS COUNTY Benge 0.60 Well 38 1955 A First Potholes Water Users Association 0.57 Well 176 1964 A Hatton 0.60 Well 1955 A Lind 0.30 Well 316 1952 A Lind 0.30 Well 1955 A Othello 2.80 City tap 1951 A Othello 2.00 Well 1955 A Othello 2..00 Well 1957 A Othello 2.20 Well #1 1954 A Othello 1.50 Well #1 1955 A Othello 2.40 Well #2 1955 A Othello 2.50 Well #2 1958 A Othello-Rainier Tracts 0.40 Well 1964 A Othello 0.70 Well 136 1964 A Othello 2.80 Well 1960 B Ritzville 0.20 Well #1 304 1957 B Ritzville 0.20 Well #1 1958 A Ritzville 0.20 Well #1 1959 A Ritzville 0.30 Well #1 1955 A Saddle Mountain Water Association 0.60 Well 1955 A Washtucna 0.50 Spring 118 1955 A Note: ppm = parts per million. 1 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY ASOTIN COUNTY (ppm) (ppm) Clarkston 0.65 Well 1964 A Clarkston 0.62 Well 1964 A Clarkston 0.90 Well #3 1966 A BENTON COUNTY Benton City 0.00 Well 187 1954 A Benton City 0.04 Well 1961 A Kennewick 0.00 Well 1954 A Kennewick 0.00 Columbia River 1954 A Paterson 1.20 Well 1954 A Paterson Heights 1.26 Well #3 80 1964 A Plymouth 2.00 Well 21 1954 A Prosser 0.60 Well #2 56 1959 B Prosser 0.90 Well #3 68 1959 B Prosser 0.32 Spring 206 1964 A Prosser 0.70 Well #4 67 1961 B Richland 0.70 Well 1961 A Richland 0.20 Well 1960 A Roza Heights Water Association 0.25 Well 1954 A Whitstran Heights Water Association 0.35 Well 1954 A CHELAN COUNTY Cashmere 0.00 Well #1 200 1953 A Cashmere 0.06 Well 65 1965 A Cashmere 0.26 Well 188 1961 A Cashmere 0.20 Well 208 1961 B Chelan 0.00 Lake Chelan 80 1960 B 2 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY CHELAN COUNTY (ppm) (ppm) continued Dryden 0.10 Well 1953 A Entiat 0.10 Well 41 1953 A Leavenworth 0.00 Well 27 1953 A Leavenworth 0.00 Icicle River 1953 A Leavenworth 0.15 Icicle River 30 1961 • A * Manson 1.00 1955 A Peshastin 0.10 Spring 1953 A South Wenatchee 0.30 Well 1953 A Wenatchee 0.20 Columbia River 1949 A Wenatchee 0.05 Columbia River 1953 A Wenatchee 0.00 Columbia River 68 1961 A Wenatchee 0.26 Columbia River 62 1961 A CLALLAM COUNTY * Forks 1.00 1956 A * LaPush 1.00 1965 Neah Bay 0.10 Well 210 1965 A Neah Bay 0.10 Well 198 1965 A Neah Bay 0.24 Well 188 1962 A Neah Bay 0.03 Well 202 1962 A Port Angeles 0.10 Morse Creek 64 1960 A Port Angeles 0.00 Morse Creek 1954 A Port Angeles 0.12 Morse Creek 78 1964 A Sequim 0.04 Dungeness River 40 1960 A Sequim 0.00 Dungeness River 74 1965 A * Public water supply under controlled fluoridation (with date started) 3 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY CLARK COUNTY (ppm) (ppm) * Battle Ground 1.00 1963 A * Camas 1.00 1966 A Clark County PUD 0.25 Well #1 1953 A Clark County PUD 0.30 Well #2 1953 A Clark County PUD 0.24 Well 121 1963 A La Center 0.00 Stream 1953 A La Center 0.00 Well 1953 A Orchards Water Works 0.00 Well 1953 A Orchards Water Works 0.11 Well 68 1963 A Ridgefield 0.00 Well #1 1953 A Ridgefield 0.02 Well #2 1953 A Ridgefield 0.00 Well #3 1953 A Ridgefield 0.36 Well 104 1965 A Ridgefield 0.37 Well 146 1965 A Ridgefield 0.22 Well 136 1963 A * Vancouver 1.00 1963 A Vancouver - State School for Blind 0.25 Well 104 1963 A Washougal 0.00 Well #1 1953 A Washougal 0.00 Well #2 1953 A Washougal 0.00 Well #3 1953 A Washougal 0.00 Well #4 1953 A Washougal 0.00 Well #5 1953 A Washougal 0.07 Well #8 86 1965 A Washougal 0.23 Pumphouse #3 30 1965 A Washougal 0.20 Pumphouse #6 58 1965 A Washougal 0.01 Well 21 1963 A * Public water supply under controlled fluoridation (with date started) 4 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY CLARK COUNTY contd. (ppm) (ppm) Yacolt 0.00 Big Creek 1953 A Yacolt 0.31 Stream 30 1965 A Yacolt 0.04 Stream 22 1964 A Yacolt 0.00 Stream 18 1964 A Yacolt 0.14 Stream 46 1963 A COLUMBIA COUNTY Dayton 0.30 Well 110 1960 B Dayton 0.40 Well 37 1954 A COWLITZ COUNTY Castle Rock 0.10 Well #2 13 1960 B Castle Rock 0.00 Well #2 1953 A Castle Rock 0.22 Stream 38 1965 A Castle Rock 0.17 Well 58 1963 A * Kalama 1.00 1964 A * Kelso 1.00 1958 A * Longview 1.00 1956 A Ostrander Water Assn. 0.36 152 1963 A Toutle 0.20 Well 1953 A * Woodland 1.00 1956 A DOUGLAS COUNTY Bridgeport 0.30 Well 1953 A Bridgeport 0.18 Well #2 204 1964 A East Wenatchee 0.00 Well #1 1953 A East Wenatchee 0.20 Well 196 1960 B * Public water supply under controlled fluoridation (with date started) 5 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY DOUGLAS COUNTY contd. (ppm) (ppm) East Wenatchee 0.20 Well #2 168 1959 B East Wenatchee 0.30 Well #2 1959 A East Wenatchee 0.10 Well 216 1965 A Mansfield 0.40 Well 1953 A Rock Island 0.15 Well 138 1962 A Waterville 0.10 Spring 1957 A Waterville 0.30 Well 209 1959 B Waterville 0.06 9 Springs 80 1961 A FERRY COUNTY Curlew 0.00 Alec's Creek 1955 A Inchelium 0.49 Well 254 1965 A Inchelium 0.36 Well 294 1965 A Inchelium 0.45 Well 382 1964 A Inchelium 0.45 Well 231 1962 A Malo 0.52 Spring 332 1964 A Republic 0.00 Well 1955 A Republic 0.30 Well 150 1960 B FRANKLIN COUNTY Basin Water Assn. 0.58 Well 1964 A Connell 0.50 Well 112 1960 B Connell 0.30 Well 1949 A Connell 0.30 Well 118 1954 A Eltopia 0.10 Well 1954 A Eltopia 0.54 Well 1965 A Kahlotus 0.10 Well 335 1954 A Mesa 0.15 Well 143 1954 A 6 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY FRANKLIN COUNTY (ppm) (ppm) (Continued Mesa 0.50 Well 155 1959 B Mesa 0.57 Well 1965 A Pasco 0.00 Columbia River 1954 A Pasco 0.20 Columbia River 1960 A Pasco 0.60 Well 1959 A Pasco 0.05 85 1962 A Pasco 0.18 Columbia River 64 1961 A Pasco 0.40 Well 177 1960 B West Pasco 0.52 Well 222 1964 A West Pasco 0.28 Well 216 1963 A GARFIELD COUNTY Pomeroy 0.40 Well 50 1959 B Pomeroy ' 0.20 Springs 1954 A GRANT COUNTY Beverly 0.20 Well 92 1960 B Cascade Valley 0.33 Well #2 19 1964 A Coulee City trace Spring #1 1954 A Coulee City 0.35 Spring #1 1955 A Coulee City 0.35 Spring #2 96 1955 A Electric City 0.80 Well 1955 A Electric City 0.60 Well 1954 A Electric City 0.90 Well 1963 A Ephrata 0.30 Well #1 1954 A Ephrata 0.25 Well #2 1949 A Ephrata 0.30 Well #2 1954 A 7 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY GRANT COUNTY contd. (ppm) (ppm) Ephrata 0.40 Well #2 103 1960 B Ephrata 0.40 Well #3 1954 A Ephrata 0.30 Well #4 1955 A Ephrata 0.40 Well #5 1954 A Ephrata 0.33 Well 88 1964 A Ephrata 0.77 Well 106 1964 A Ephrata 0.50 Well 110 19,64 A George 0.50 Well 240 1961 A Grand Coulee 0.50 Well #1 1955 A Grand Coulee 0.50 Old Well #2 1955 A Grand Coulee 0.25 Old Well #3 1955 A Grand Coulee 0.05 Lake Roosevelt 1953 A Grand Coulee 0.00 Lake Roosevelt 1954 A Hartline 0.50 Well 1954 A Marlin 0.80 Well 123 1961 B Moses Lake 1.60 Well #1 1954 A Moses Lake 0.90 Well #2 1954 A Moses Lake 1.70 Well #3 1954 A Moses Lake 0.80 Well #4 257 1954 A Moses Lake 0.50 Potholes Water Users Assn. Unit #257 360 1954 A Moses Lake 2.50 Well #7 29 1959 B Moses Lake 1.67 Well #3 16 1961 A Moses Lake 1.73 Well #4 28 1961 A Moses Lake 0.96 Well #5 112 1961 A Moses Lake 1.61 Well #9 20 1964 A Quincy 0.50 Well #1 113 1954 A 8 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY GRANT COUNTY contd. (ppm) (ppm) Quincy 0.50 Well #1 150 1960 A Quincy 0.57 Well 136 1964 A Royal City 0.30 Well #1 1955 A Royal City 1.20 Well 512 1965 A Royal City 0.65 Well 73 1965 A Soap Lake 0.70 Old Well #1 1954 A Soap Lake 0.50 New Well #2 1954 A Soap Lake 0.61 Well 92 1964 A Warden 0.90 Well #1 87 1954 A Warden 0.90 Well #2 1954 A Warden 0.80 Well #3 1954 A Warden 0.58 Well 84 1964 A Warden 0.61 Well 150 1964 A Warden 0.82 Well 10 1963 A Warden 0.75 Well 82 1963 A Westlake 1.23 Well 45 1962 A Wilson Creek 0.30 Well 174 1954 A Winchester 0.50 Well 1955 A GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY Aberdeen 0.00 Wishkah River 24 1954 A Aberdeen 0.00 Wishkah River 1949 A Aberdeen trace Wishkah River 28 1959 A Aberdeen 0.04 Wishkah River 34 1963 A Central Park Water District 0.05 Well 56 1963 A Elma 0.01 Well 22 1946 A 9 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY GRAYS HARBOR contd. (ppm) (ppm) Elma 0.00 Well 1954 A Elma 0.00 Well 22 1959 B Elma 0.02 Well 10 1963 A Grayland 0.00 Stream 1954 A Hoquiam 0.10 Davis Creek 1938 A Hoquiam 0.00 Davis Creek 24 1954 A Hoquiam 0.01 Davis Creek 22 1959 A Hoquiam 0.02 Stream 29 1963 A McCleary 0.00 Well 1954 A McCleary 0.30 Well #2 66 1964 A McCleary 0.30 Well 65 1964 A Moclips 0.13 Well 60 1964 A * Montesano 1.00 1961 A Oakville 0.00 Surface 30 1954 A Oakville 0.20 Well 40 1964 A Oakville 0.10 Stream 48 1964 A Oyhut 0.20 Well 26 1959 B Pacific Beach 0.10 Well 57 1959 B Pacific Beach 0.12 Well 18 1962 A Taholah 0.19 Spring 29 1965 A Westport 0.00 Well #2 1954 A Westport 0.10 Well #2 72 1960 B ISLAND COUNTY Baby Island Heights 0.30 Well 144 1965 A Camano 0.20 Utsalady Well 194 1960 B * Public water supply under controlled fluoridation (with date started) 10 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY ISLAND COUNTY contd. (ppm) (ppm) Clinton 0.05 Spring 115 1961 A Coupeville 0.00 Well #2 1954 A Coupeville 0.10 Well 1954 A Coupeville 0.02 Well 276 1959 A Coupeville 0.20 Well 849 1960 B Coupeville 0.20 Well #1 1961 A Fort Casey 0.22 Well 446 1961 A Greenbank 0.10 Well 146 1961 B Holmes Harbor 0.17 Well 176 1965 A Langley 0.06 Well 95 1961 A Lost Lake Grove 0.15 Well 188 1965 A * Oak Harbor 1.00 1955 A * Oak Harbor - Hillcrest Village 1.00 1963 * Oak Harbor Naval Base 1.00 1959 Saratoga 0.00 Well 1956 A JEFFERSON COUNTY Hoh Reservation 0.19 Stream 60 1964 A Port Ludlow 0.00 Well #1 93 1965 Private Port Townsend 0.00 Little Quilcene River 1954 Port Townsend 0.27 Stream 44 1964 A Queets 0.00 Stream 1954 A South Point 0.10 Well 94 1964 A Water District #2 0.05 Well 68 1965 A * Public water supply under controlled fluoridation (with date started) 11 FLUORIDE SOURCE HA DNE S DATE AGENCY KING COUNTY (Ppm) - (ppm) Angle Lake 0.00 Well 1938 A Auburn 0.00 Spring 32 1953 A Auburn - South Auburn Water Company 0.27 Well 39 1963 A Baring 0.00 Spring and stream 1958 A Bellevue 0.30 Well 1952 A Bellevue 0.00 Well 68 1953 A Black Diamond 0.00 Spring 1953 A Bothell 0.00 Well 1937 A Bryn Mawr 0.40 Well #2 1953 A Bryn Mawr 0.20 Well #3 1953 A Bryn Mawr 0.20 Well #4 1953 A Burien 0.00 Well 1938 A Carnation 0.20 Well 93 1960 B Des Moines 0.00 Well 1936 B Duvall 0.00 Well 84 1960 B Enumclaw - 0.00 Springs 48 1953 A Grotto 0.00 Stream 1958 A Hobart 0.00 Well 1953 A Issaquah 0.01 Well #2 170 1959 A Issaquah 0.00 Well 36 1965 A Issaquah - Providence Heights College 0.10 Well 33 1960 B Issaquah - Triangle Commercial Center 0.32 Well 92 1965 A Kent - East Hill Water Co. , Inc. 0.08 Well 68 . 1963 A * Kent 1.00 1964 A * Public water supply under controlled fluoridation (with date started) 12 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY KING COUNTY contd. (ppm) (ppm) Maple Valley 0.00 Spring 31 1953 A North Bend 0.00 Creek 1956 'A * Norwood Village 1.00 1952 A Pacific 0.00 Well 1954 A Preston 0.06 Well 64 1965 A Ravensdale - Evertreen Water & Improvement Association 0.02 Well 39 1962 A Renton 0.10 Well 44 1960 B Renton 0.00 Well 1953 A Renton 0.10 Well 44 1960 B Seattle 0.02 Cedar River 23 1964 A Skykomish 0.00 Spring and stream 1958 A Snoqualmie 0.00 Spring 1956 A Vashon Island 0.20 Well 1960 A Water District #1 0.00 Yarrow Point - springs 1962 A Water District #64 0.40 Federal Way - well 57 1959 B Water District #83 trace West Shed - shallow wells 1959 A Water District #83, trace East Shed - deep well 1959 A Water District #83 trace East Shed - shallow wells 1959 A Water District #90 0.07 Well 65 1962 A Water District #100 0.09 Well 58 1964 A Water District #100 0.06 Well 58 1964 A Water District #100 0.08 Well 60 1964 A Water District #100 0.04 Well 50 1964 A Water District #100 0.13 Well 77 1964 A Water District #100 0.08 Well 90 1964 A Water District #100 0.01 Well 46 1964 A * Public water supplyunder controlled fluoridation (with date starte 13 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY KITSAP COUNTY (ppm) (ppm) Annapolis 0.00 Well 1953 A Annapolis Water Dist. 0.11 Well #7 175 1963 A Bangor - Naval Ammunition Depot 0.13 Well #1 47 1962 A Bangor - Naval Ammunition Depot 0.20 Well #5 49 1962 A Bethel 0.00 Well 1953 A Bremerton 0.00 Well #3 1953 A Bremerton 0.30 Well #5 48 1960 B Bremerton 0.00 Well #5 1953 A Bremerton 0.00 Well #6 1953 A Bremerton 0.00 Well #7 1953 A Bremerton 0.00 Gorst Creek 35 1953 A Bremerton 0.00 Heinz Lake 1953 A Bremerton 0.00 Union River 1953. A Bremerton 0.00 Anderson Creek 26 1953 A Bremerton 0.02 Stream 38 1964 A Bremerton 0.02 Union River 26 1961 A Burley 0.00. Well 1953 A Creosote 0.00 New Well 80 1953 A Deseret 0.00 Well 1953 A Eldorado Beach 0.00 Stream 1954 A Eldorado Water Co. 0.08 Well 47 1962 A Entai Beach 0.00 Spring 1953 A Gilberton 0.00 Spring 1953 A Hansville Water Dist. 0.00 Stream 58 1963 A Hansville Water Dist. 0.20 Stream 65 1963 A Hansville Water Dist. 0.00 Stream 59 1963 A 14 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY KITSAP continued (ppm) (ppm) Holly 0.00 Stream 1953 A Indianola 0.10 Well 58 1961 B Keyport 0.00 Spring _ 1953 A Keyport - Naval Training Station 0.18 Well #1 94 1964 A Keyport - Naval Training Station 0.15 Well #2 102 1964 A Keyport - Torpedo Station 0.10 Well 92 1960 B Keyport - Torpedo Station 0.03 Main Reservoir 79 1962 A Kingston 0.00 Well 1953 A Kingston 0.10 Well 73 1961 B Little Boston 0.00 Stream 1953 A Lynwood Center 0.00 Well 1953 A Meadowdale 0.30 Well 1953. A Orchard Beach 0.00 Stream 1953 A Point No-Point 0.30 Stream 1954 A Port Blakely 0.00 Stream 1953 A Port Madison 0.00 Stream 1953 A Port Orchard 0.10 Well 1947 A Port Orchard 0.00 Well 61 1953 A Port Orchard. 0.34 Wells #2, 3, 7 68 1964 A Port Orchard 0.00 Well #6 60 1961 B Port Orchard 0.08 Well #7 55 1962 A * Poulsbo 1.00 1959 A * Public water supply under controlled fluoridation (with date started) 15 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY (ppm) (Ppm) KITSAP COUNTY contd. Rhododendron 0.00 Spring 1953 A Rolling Bay 0.00 Spring 1953 A Sandy Hook 0.00 Spring 1953 A Sandy Hook 0.00 Well 1953 A Seabeck 0.00 Well 1953 A Silverdale 0.00 Woods Creek 1953 A Sunnyslope District 0.00 Well 1953 A Suquamish 0.00 Well 1953 A Viewside 0.00 Stream 1953 A Watauga Beach 0.30 Well 1953 A Wing Point trace Well 1953 A Winslow 0.20 Well #2 & #3 1952 A KITTITAS COUNTY Cle Elum 0.00 Stream 1955 A Cle Elum 0.00 Stream 1957 A Cle Elum 0.00 Cle Elum River 55 1961 A Easton 0.00 Silver Creek 1955 A Ellensburg 0.00 Spring 1956 A Ellensburg 0.20 Artesian Well 1957 A Ellensburg 0.00 Artesian Well 1956 A Ellensburg 0.50 George Busch Well 1957 A Ellensburg 0.50 Fredrickson Well 1957 A Ellensburg 0.70 Enger Well 1957 A Ellensburg 0.80 Henry Busch Well 1957 A Ellensburg 0.00 City Hall - faucet 1963 A 16 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY KITTITAS continued (ppm) (ppm) Ellensburg 0.00 City well 48 1959 A Kittitas 0.00 Spring 1955 A Kittitas 0.20 Well 84 1962 B New Vantage 0.40 Well 125 1961 A Roslyn 0.00 Domerie Creek 1955 A Thorp 0.00 Well 1956 A KLICKITAT COUNTY Bingen 0.00 Buck Creek 25 1953 A Centerville 0.00 Well 1959 A Dallesport 0.25 Well 1953 A Glenwood 0.00 Well 1954 A Goldendale 0.00 Well 25 1953 A Goldendale trace Well 1958 A Goldendale 0.30 Well 110 1960 B Goldendale 0.00 Spring 1936 A Goldendale 0.57 Spring 20 1963 A Husum 0.00 Spring 1953 A Klickitat 0.00 Klickitat River 31 1953 A Lyle 0.00 Well 94 1953 A Lyle 0.40 Well 1957 A Lyle - Depot 0.00 Well 167 1.963 A Roosevelt 0.50 Well 1959 A West Roosevelt 0.00 Well 231 1963 B White Salmon 0.00 Buck Creek 1936 A White Salmon 0.00 Buck Creek 25 1953 A White Salmon trace Well 1958 A 17 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY KLICKITAT continued ppm ppm White Salmon 0.20 Well 65 1959 B Wishram 0.00 Well 125 1953 A Wishram 0.08 Well 112 1959 A Wishram 0.00 Main spring #2 21 1963 A Wishram 0.74 Spring #3 79 1963 A Wishram 0.15 Springs #2 - 3 - 4 79 1963 A Wishram 0.25 Springs #5 - 6 - 7 55 1963 A Wishram 0.86 Well - S.P. & S. R.R. 117 1963 A LEWIS COUNTY Ashford 0.03 Well 59 1963 A * Centralia 1.00 1959 A * Chehalis 1.00 1967 A Klaber 0.40 Well 1958 A Morton 0.00 Stream 1953 A Mossyrock 0.00 Well 1953 A Napavine 0.10 Well 64 1960 B Onalaska Water Dist . 0.00 Spring 1953 A Onalaska Water Dist. 0.12 Spring 44 1963 A Pe Ell 0.00 Stream 12 1953 A Randle 0.00 Mill Creek 1953 A Salkum 0.00 Well 1953 A * Toledo 1.00 1966 A Vader 0.00 Well - Spring 27 1953 A Vader 0.08 Stream 18 1963 A * Public water supply under controlled fluoridation (with date started) 18 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY LEWIS continued (ppm) (ppm) Vader 0.10 Well 54 1962 B * Winlock 1.00 1966 A LINCOLN COUNTY Almira 0.80 Well 134 1959 B Almira 0.50 Well 129 .1954 A Almira _ 0.55 City supply 195.7 A Almira 0.40 Well 1959 A Creston 0.20 City supply 1957 A Davenport 0.00 Well 1949 A Davenport 0.40 Well 171 1954 A Davenport 0.45 City supply 1957 A Govan 0.37 Well 1962 A Harrington 0.30 City supply 1957 A Odessa 0.55 City supply 1957 A Reardon 0.40 Well 343 1954 A Reardon 0.20 City supply 1957 A Sprague trace Well 99 1954 A Wilbur 0.42 Well 86 1962 A MASON COUNTY Hoodsport 0.08 Stream 36 1963 A Hoodsport 0.11 Stream 44 1963 A Shelton 0.20 Well 1952 A Shelton 0.00 Well 136 1954 A Shelton 0.00 Well 22 1960 B Shelton 0.00 Spring 39 1962 A Shelton 0.06 Spring 32 1964 A * Public water supply under controlled fluoridation (with date started) 19 Public We in Washing Optimum Fluor P `, ,�• \ :.:L-„ , . ) (J ASN U h t. 7 I • [ .---,•,..., `_ ! �3 %.f• y AtIAGORTF.S,,,,..=2„::,---,!-----',--,...,.___------.., row^.r__-.7.,., �,•,,.,,-"�n�, IDLAND 3333,333 1, .,- .,` lr' - r IP,NAa._VAL AIR SZI.TION: .`:"-'"'1'-J-'a•_ i''"."-,"7,. - 4 fiBT VIL7 �`' „•acaxs "I's Fusx -U f 'r l_ t''‘M', �A i 1;, .f;-"- _ -, -f::; 'P' w +t•tonroOD OILL,O^a- .— . .�`.; :•LITE"a.Ass�x. :; ' ' `\,.. 3)`i : 1 ,' ' I / ..i riT r^ .,_ 1 �P 't�l''',.., ly l IBC o b„cCrlO'iD £LD AFB `, r \,y1: •FoRT Le Is(u s.Acun), '� -" .. tear ,;D „-, I 14 e.. • CHEzALIS TRLIA •CFI3 ,- 3 33 • TOLEDO I _ If, i , • _' ' I 'r - jam,••CATHLL�T! r�._!, y ' i-i , ? . �} I ,i •BATTLE'4OU:D s\ \, 1.! 1.. ;l^ i` s vAt;co vFR S . • CAbtAS �. ar Supplies n State with a Concentration ) °[ -- I .Id( \.:. K.�Fi tl� . s :? k it t . \ / r .\ i 1` 3 1 ¢ ', 'N' , t } ' ` i. jr %COULEE DAN ` { ) Ic;r1-::i ), ,,,,_, , , ' , 5 t 1 ,- _ .. a F'AIHCN,ILD_AH'H r . i it. •�t: -tip- t Y 1 ', j. ' 3/.......-3:,..........; . , t,. ° , � v i ` `,4 r ip t - " ilei1,959E4 ' rt ) , �"Y t , . I r . IPI.""d03 HILL 4LITER CO. " , y\. . ... �i ,1 tel'.POIL*L1N ';IJ1 iHO%HI CITY; i )) OLARICSTO`d(ILII U7 lgrcnnTad lt ; .. 9 -! LEGEND i . ,_+" 0 CONTROLLED FLUORIDATION AT 1.0 PPM • - IM NATURAL FLUORIDE OF 0.7 PPM OR MORE 'd ' FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY OKANOGAN COUNTY (ppm) (ppm) Belvedere 0.32 Well 188 1965 A Brewster 0.39 Spring 1953 A Brewster 0.35 Well #3 1953 A Brewster 0.40 Well #2 1953 A * Coulee Dam 1.00 1956 A Nespelem 0.39 Well #1 1953 A Nespelem 0.70 Well #1 188 1959 B Nespelem 0.70 Well 188 1961 A Nespelem 0.20 Well 1962 A Okanogan 0.20 Water Cress Springs 1953 A Okanogan 0.10 Water Cress Springs 240 1960 A Okanogan 0.10 Alma Park Well #2 260 1953 A Okanogan 0.10 Average of 3 wells 1961 A Okanogan 0.46 Well 164 1964 A Okanogan 0.10 Combination well-spring 240 1960 A Omak 0.44 Kenwood Ave. Well 1953 A Omak 0.40 Kenwood Ave. Well 196 1960 B Omak 0.50 East Omak Well 1953 A Omak 0.35 Apple Ave. Well 1953 A Omak 0.40 Average of 3 wells 1961 A Omak 0.40 Wells 250 1960 A Omak 0.40 Well 196 1960 B Omak 0.50 Well 256 1959 B Oroville 0.30 Well 228 1959 B Oroville 0.25 Well 205 1953 A * Public water supply under controlled fluoridation (with date started) 20 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY OKANOGAN contd. (ppm) (ppm) Oroville 0.30 Well 1961 A Oroville 0.30 Well 228 1959 B Oroville 0.05 256 1964 A Pateros 0.00 Well 123 1953 A Pateros 0.20 Well 1955 A Progressive Flats 0.30 Well 302 1961 A Tonasket 0.40 Well 1957 A Tonasket 0.40 Well 250 1959 B Tonasket 0.20 West Well 202 1960 A Twisp 0.00 Well 100 1953 A Twisp 0.00 Well 100 1959 B Winthrop 0.00 Well 1953 A PACIFIC COUNTY Bay Center 0.19 Well #2 72 1964 A Bay Center 0.00 Well 64 1960 B Bay Center 0.10 Well 78 1959 B Ilwaco trace Black Lake 1936 A Ilwaco 0.00 Black Lake 30 1953 A Ilwaco 0.15 Black Lake 44 1963 A Ilwaco 0.09 Black Lake 28 1962 A Naselle 0.00 Lane Creek 1953 A Naselle 0.00 Stream 32 1965 A Naselle 0.21 Stream 52 1963 A Nemah 0.05 Well 1936 A 21 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY PACIFIC continued (ppm) (ppm) * Raymond 1.00 1963 A * South Bend 1.00 1963 A Willapa Valley Water District 0.00 Springer Creek 1954 A PEND OREILLE COUNTY Boundary Dam 0.31 Mine tunnel 292 1964 A Ione 0.00 City supply 72 1954 A Metaline 0.00 City supply 1954 A Metaline Falls PUD 0.00 1954 A Newport 0.00 City supply 151 1954 A Promontory Creek- 0.12 Stream 262 1964 A Usk 0.00 City supply 1954 A PIERCE COUNTY Bonney Lake 0.10 Well 51 1962 B Buckley 0.30 Well 92 1959 B Buckley 0.00 South Prarie Creek 31 1954 1- Caledonia Mutual Water Company trace-Well 1954 A Crystal Springs 0.00 Spring 1954 A Dash Point Co-Op Water System 0.00 Well 1954 A * Fircrest 1.00 1958 A * Fort Lewis 1.00 1956 A Gig Harbor 0.00 Surface 1954 A Gig Harbor 0.10 Well #1 58 1961 B Home 0.10 Well 46 1961 B Hyada Park 0.00 Well 1954 A * Public water supply under controlled fluoridation (with date started) 22 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY PIERCE continued (ppm) (ppm) Hyada Park 0.10 Well 470 1960 B Kapowsin 0.00 Surface 21 1949 A Lakewood 0.00 Well 1954 A Lakewood 0.10 Well 44 1960 B Longbranch 0.10 Well 106 1961 B Marion Water Co. trace Well 1954 A * McChord Field 1.00 1961 A Milton Water Co. trace Well 1954 A Milton 0.08 City supply 144 1965 A Milton 0.22 City supply 116 1965 A Milton 0.09 Well #4 148 1965 A Milton 0.07 Well #5 72 1965 A Mountain View Edgewood Water Co. 0.00 Spring 1954 A Orting 0.00 Spring 70 1954 A Orting 0.20 Well 162 1962 B Paradise (Mt . Rainier N.P. ) 0.02 Faucet 108 1964 A Parkland 0.00 Well 1954 A Puyallup 0.00 Spring 1949 A Puyallup 0.00 Spring 60 1954 A Puyallup 0.10 Well 64 1962 B Shorewood Beach (Fox Island) 0.10 Well 112 1961 B Steilacoom 0.17 Well 79 1963 A Sumner 0.00 Spring 55 1954 A Sumner 0.30 Well 67 1959 B * Public water supply under controlled fluoridation (with date started) 23 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY PIERCE (ppm) (ppm) contd. Tacoma 0.00 Tide Flats Well 65 1955 A Tacoma 0.00 Maplewood Springs 46 1938 A Tacoma 0.00 Green. River 14 1947 A Tacoma 0.10 Green River 30 1960 A Tacoma 0.20 Green River 1952 B Tacoma 0.10 Well 86 1955 B Tacoma 0.00 Well lA at So. 63rd and Cedar 35 1953 A Tacoma 0.00 Well lA 1955 A Tacoma 0.00 Well 2A at So. 35th and Wendon 1955 A Tacoma 0.00 Well 3A at So. 78th and Warner 1953 A Tacoma 0.15 Well 3A 42 1955 A Tacoma 0.00 Well 4A at So. 39th and Adams 1953 A Tacoma 0.00 Well 4A 1955 A Tacoma 0.00 Well 5A at So. 54th and Clement 55 1955 A Tacoma 0.00 Well 6A at So. 43rd and South Tacoma Way 1955 A Tacoma 0.15 Well 7A at So. 74th and Clement 1955 A Tacoma 0.40 Well 8A at So. 57th and Clement 1955 A Tacoma 0.00 Well 9A at So. 36th and Lawrence 1955 A Tacoma 0.00 Well 2B at So. 35th and Wendon 1955 A Tacoma 0.00 Well 11A at So. 43rd and South Tacoma Way 1955 B Tacoma 0.00 Well 11A 92 1960 B Tacoma 0.10 Well 62 1960 B Tacoma 0.00 Green River 16 1959 A Tacoma 0.10 Well 49 1960 B 23-a FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY PIERCE continued (ppm) (ppm) University Place Water Company 0.05 Well 69 1962 A University Place Water Company 0.11 Well #9 39 1962 A Vaughn 0.10 Well 52 1961 B SAN JUAN COUNTY Eastsound 0.00 Well 1954 A Eastsound 0.10 Well 143 1960 B Eastsound 0.00 Well 140 1961 A Friday Harbor 0.07 Surface 128 1961 A Friday Harbor 0.07 Surface 76 1961 A Roche Harbor 0.10 Well 113 1961 B SKAGIT COUNTY * Anacortes 1.00 1963 A Burlington trace Skagit River 1937 A Concrete 0.15 Spring 1957 A Cypress Island 0.00 Spring, 1957 A Edison 0.00 Whitehall Creek 32 1959 A Mount Vernon 0.00 Skagit River 1953 A Rockport 0.00 Spring 1959 A Sedro Wooley-Northern State Hospital 0.20 Well 101 1959 B Skagit Flats trace Well 1937 A Skagit County PUD 0.00 Well 35 1961 A Skagit County PUD 0.00 Well 40 1959 A Skagit County PUD trace Cultus Mt . streams 32 1959 A (Serves Mount Vernon, Sedro Wooley, and Burlington) * Public water supply under controlled fluoridation (with date started) 24 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY (ppm) (Ppm) SKAMANIA COUNTY Carson 0.00 Carson Creek 1953 A Carson 0.13 Stream 24 1963 A North Bonneville 0.02 Well 1953 A North Bonneville 0.12 Well . 83 1963 A Stevenson 0.00 Skarr Springs 1955 A Stevenson 0.00 Cedar Springs 1955 A Stevenson 0.10 Iman Springs 1953 A Stevenson 0.10 Lebong Spring 1953 A Stevenson 0.18 Stream 44 1963 A Underwood 0.00 Spring 1953 A Underwood 0.02 58 1963 A SNOHOMISH COUNTY Alderwood Water District Served by Everett Arlington 0.00 Well 80 1961 A Arlington 0.00 Well 37 1961 B Beverly Park 0.00 Well at Beverly Drive 1959 A Darrington 0.00 Stream 55 1961 A Edmonds 0.00 Well 48 1953 A Edmonds 0.10 Well 62 1959 B Everett 0.00 City supply 16 1961 A Everett 0.13 Sultan River 18 1961 A Granite Falls 0.01 Well 56 1959 A Granite Falls 0.00 Spring 56 1961 A Hat Island 0.35 Well 232 1963 A Marysville 0.20 Well 76 1959 B 25 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY (ppm) (ppm) SNOHOMISH COUNTY (continued) Monroe 0.00 Spring 1937 A Monroe 0.00 Well 1937 A Monroe 0.19 Well 1949 A Monroe 0.00 Well 68 1953 A Monroe trace 3 Wells 64 1959 A Point Wells 0.16 Well - spring 77 1961 A Point Wells 0.00 Spring 72 1958 A Potlatch Beach 0.20 Well 170 1960 B Priest Point Water Company 0.00 Well 1953 A PUD #1 0.00 Well 67 1960 B Rockport 0.00 Spring ' 1959 A Snohomish 0.10 Pilchuck River 1949 A Snohomish 0.00 Pilchuck River 24 1959 A Snohomish 0.00 Pilchuck River 24 1961 A Stanwood 0.00 Spring 189 1953 A Stanwood 0.20 Well #4 1953 A Stanwood 0.20 Well #4 106 1960 B Stanwood 0.06 Spring 60 1961 A Stanwood 0.06 Well - spring 60 1961 A Sultan 0.14 Stream 40 1961 A Warm Beach 0.02 Lake Martha 26 1959 A 26 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY SPOKANE COUNTY (ppm) (ppm) Airway Heights 0.30 Well 138 1965 A Beverly Hills Water Company 0.19 Well 94 1964 A Chattaroy Hills Addition 0.58 Well 86 1964 A Cheney 0.31 Well #1 119 1962 A Cheney 0.35 Well #2 119 1962 A Cheney 0.24 Well 108 1962 A Cheney 0.38 Well 120 1961 A * Fairchild Air Force Base 1.00 1958 A Fairfield 0.30 Well #1 102 1964 A Mead 0.30 Spring 1959 A Mead 0.00 Well #5 142 1959 B Medical Lake 0.50 Well 97 1959 B Medical Lake 0.30 Well 1961 A Medical Lake 0.38 Well 128 1964 A Rivilla. Water Company 0.04 Well 142 1964 A ' Rockford 0.60 Well #2 126 1964 A Spokane trace Well #4 Up-River Station 1957 A Spokane 0.00 River 1936 A Spokane 0.15 Composite 1936 A Spokane 0.05 Composite 1947 A Spokane trace-Park River Station #1 1957 A Spokane 0.10 Well 175 1960 A Spokane 0.00 Well #5 149 1959 B * Public water supply under controlled fluoridation (with date started) 27 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY SPOKANE continued (ppm) (ppm) Spokane 0.09 Well 150 1962 A Spokane 0.14 Well 154 1962 A M Spokane 0.00 Well 142 1962 A Spokane 0.15 Electric well 152 1961 A Spokane 0.02 Well 1961 A Spokane 0.03 Well 170 1961 A Spokane Suburban Water Company 0.10 Well 240 1964 A Spokane Suburban Water Company 0.00 Well 140 1964 A Spokane Suburban Water Company 0.15 Well 180 1964 A Spokane Suburban Water Company 0.04 Well 176 1964 A Spokane Suburban Water Company 0.01 Well 118 1964 A Vera Irrigation District #15 0.20 Well 192 1964 A Vera Irrigation District #15 0.15 Pump Station #4 Well 166 1964 A Whitworth 0.22 146 1964 A STEVENS COUNTY Addy 0.20 Addy Creek 1954 A Chewelah 0.15 Chewelah Creek 1954 A Chewelah 0.10 Well #3 1954 A Chewelah 0.30 Well #4 130 1955 A Chewelah 0.37 Stream 144 1965 A Chewelah 0.18 Well #3 172 . 1965 A Chewelah 0.46 Well #5 172 1965 A Chewelah 0.36 Well #5 176 1965 A Chewelah 0.60 Well 86 1965 A 28 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY THURSTON COUNTY ppm ppm Boston Harbor 0.00 Well 1954 A Boston Harbor 0.19 Spring 61 1963 A k Bucoda 1.00 1967 A Cooper's Point 0.10 Well 47 1959 B Grand Mound 0.00 Well 31 1959 B Huntamer Water Service Incorporated 0.00 Well 46 1963 A Lacey Water District 0.08 Well 108 1963 A McIntosh Lake 0.34 Well 32 1964 A Olympia 0.20 McAllister Springs 78 1960 A Olympia 0.11 McAllister Springs 52 1965 A Rainier 0.04 Well 44 1963 A Tenino 0.14 Well 48 1963 A Tumwater 0.11 Well #5 32 1965 A Tumwater 0.14 Well 36 1965 A Tumwater 0.16 Well 36 1964 A Vail 0.06 Well 52 1963 A Yelm 0.00. Well 34 1959 B WAHKIAKUM COUNTY * Cathlamet 1.00 1957 A WALLA WALLA COUNTY Burbank 0.60 Well 1955 A College Place 0.50 Well #1 1955 A College Place 0.20 Well #1 272 1960 B * Public water supply under controlled fluoridation (with date started) 29 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY WALLA WALLA (ppm) (ppm) COUNTY contd. College Place 0.40 Well #2 1955 A Lowden 0.63 Well 1957 A Touchet 0.30 Well 21Q 1960 B Waitsburg 0.10 Well #1 1955 A Waitsburg 0.00 Well #2 1955 A Waitsburg 0.16 Spring 35 1962 A Walla Walla 0.84 Well 83 1963 A Walla Walla 0.10 Combined city supply 48 1960 A Walla Walla 0.10 Well #1 1955 A Walla Walla 0.20 Well #1 67 1959 B Walla Walla 0.10 Well #2 1955 A Walla Walla 0.10 Well #3 1955 A Walla Walla 0.70 Well #4 (789) 1,955 A Walla Walla 0.90 Well #4 (789) 69 1959 B Walla Walla 0.00 Mill Creek 1955 A Walla Walla 0.05 Walla Walla River 1949 A Walla Walla 0.10 Well - stream 48 1960 A WHATCOM COUNTY Acme 0.00 Stream 1953 A Bellingham 0.00 Lake Padden 1953 A Bellingham 0.00 Lake Padden 1955 A Bellingham 0.00 Lake Padden 36 1958 A Bellingham 0.20 Lake Whatcom 1951 B Bellingham 0.00 Lake Whatcom 1953 A Bellingham 0.00 Lake Whatcom 1955 A Bellingham 0.00 Lake Whatcom 32 1958 A 30 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY (ppm) (ppm) WHATCOM continued Bellingham 0.00 Lake Padden 53 1961 A Bellingham 0.00 Lake Whatcom 19 1962 A Blaine 0.00 Springs 60 1953 A Blaine 0.00 Well 1954 A Blaine 0.01 Well 60 1959 A Blaine 0.10 Well 51 1961 A Everson trace Well 1953 A Ferndale 0.05 Old Settlers Water Assn. Well #2 on Hicks Road 1953 A Ferndale 0.40 Sundstrom Well 1960 A Ferndale 0.20 Orchard Water Assn. 1953 A Ferndale 0.10 North Star Water Assn. 1953 A Ferndale 0.30 North Star Water Assn. 1960 A Ferndale 0.20 Well 1959 B General Petroleum Refinery 0.01 Nooksack River 68 1959 A Glacier 0.00 Stream 1953 A * Lynden 1.00 1965 A Maple Falls 0.00 Spring 1953 A Neptune Beach 0.00 Well 1953 A Neptune Beach 0.30 Well 167 1960 B Newhalem 0.12 Well 28 1963 A Pleasant Valley Water Assn. 0.30 Well 1954 A. Sumas 0.00 Spring 50 1953 A Wickersham 0.00 Stream 1953 A * Public water supply under controlled fluoridation (with date started) 31 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY WHITMAN COUNTY (ppm) (ppm) Albion trace Well 1954 A Albion 0.50 Well 166 1959 A Albion 0.44 Well 156 1964 A Colfax 0.50 Clay Street Well 1952 A Colfax 0.40 Glenwood well 1952 A Colfax 0.50 Well 98 1959 B Colfax 0.28 Well 79 1963 A Colton trace Well 1954 A Colton 0.16 Well 148 1964 A Diamond 0.50 Well 1954 A Endicott 0.40 Well #1 1954 A Endicott 0.30 Well #2 1954 A Endicott 0.25 Well 176 1964 A Ewan 0.40 Ewan Water Co. 1954 A Farmington trace Well 116 1954 A Garfield 0.30 Well 1954 A Garfield 0.59 Well 104 1964 A Hooper trace Well 123 1954 A La Crosse 0.10 Well 1954 A La Crosse 0.24 Well 162 1964 A Lamont 0.30 Well 1954 A Malden trace Well 75 1954 A Malden 0.18 Well 100 1965 A Malden 0.27 Well 84 1964 A Oakesdale trace Well 114 1954 A Oakesdale 0.37 Well 136 1964 A 32 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY WHITMAN continued (ppm) (ppm) Palouse 0.60 Well 117 1954 A Palouse 0.48 Well 100 1964 A * Pullman 1.00 1956 A Rosalia. 0.00 Well 1949 A Rosalia 0.40 Well 1952 A Rosalia 0.40 Well 1954 A Rosalia 0.33 Well 106 1964 A Saint John 0.00 Well 1949 A Saint John 0.50 Well 149 1954 A Saint John 0.28 Well 146 1964 A Steptoe trace Well 1954 A Tekoa 0.20 Well 1949 A Tekoa trace Well 110 1954 A Tekoa 0.26 Well 104 1964 A Thornton 0.30 Well 1954 A Uniontown trace Well 1954 A Uniontown 0.39 Well #2 216 1964 A YAKIMA COUNTY Brownstown 0.60 Well 1954 A Crewport 0.00 Well 1953 A Grandview 0.60 Spring 1955 A Grandview 0.95 Well #2 1955 Private Grandview 0.40 Well #2 1953 A Grandview 0.83 Well #3 1955 Private Grandview 0.70 Well #3 1954 A * Public water supply under controlled fluoridation (with date started) 33 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY YAKIMA COUNTY contd. (ppm) (ppm) Grandview 0.70 Well #3 1955 A Grandview 1.10 Hillcrest Well #4 1955 A (1590) Grandview 2.27 Well #4 1955 Private Grandview 1.30 Orchard tract 1955 Private Grandview 0.40 Orchard tract 1955 A Grandview 0.40 Well #5 (1120) 171 1953 A Grandview 0.40 Well 155 1961 A Grandview 1.03 Well #3 140 1961 A Granger 0.40 Well 1954 A Mabton 2.00 Well (1180) 34 1954 A Moxee City 1.70 Well (1900) 1954 A Moxee City 0.02 City well 17 1961 A Naches 0.27 Well 71 1962 A Naches 0.20 Well #2 72 1962 B Selah 0.15 Well #3 1954 A Selah 0.10 Well #4 1954 A Selah 0.30 Well #5 1954 A Selah 0.69 Well #6 1960 A Selah 0.81 Well #4 51 1962 A Sunnyside 0.25 Well #1 222 1953 A Sunnyside 0.30 Well #2 103 1953 A Sunnysdie 0.40 Well #3 1953 A Sunnyside 0.50 Well #4 1953 A Sunnyside 0.40 Well #5 1954 A Sunnyside 0.30 Well #1 252 1964 A Sunnyside 0.25 Well #2 134 1964 A 34 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY (Ppm) (ppm) YAKIMA COUNTY contd. Sunnyside 0.37 Well #3 110 1964 A Sunnyside 0.32 Well #5 10 1964 A Sunnyside 0.38 Well #6 124 1964 A Terrace Heights Assn. 0.05 Well 60 1964 A Tieton 0.00 Well 1953 A Tieton 0.10 Well 1954 A Toppenish 0.10 Well #1 1954 A Toppenish 0.00 Well #1 94 1953 A Toppenish 0.10 Well #2 1954 A Toppenish 0.00 Well #3 1953 A Toppenish 0.10 Well #3 1954 A Toppenish 0.00 Well #5 1953 A Toppenish 0.60 Well (863) 42 1959 B Toppenish 0.62 Well #6 48 1961 A Union Gap 0.10 Well #2 1954 A Union Gap 0.00 Well #3 1953 A Union Gap 0.20 Well #3 1954 A Union Gap 0.30 Well #3 85 1961 A Wapato 0.2:0 Well #1 1954 A Wapato 0.00 Well #1 1953 A Wapato 0.00 Well #2 1953 A Wapato 0.20 Well #2 1954 A Wapato 0.00 Well #3 1953 A Wapato 0.30 Well #3 1954 A Wapato 0.20 Well #3 45 1961 A Yakima 0.00 Tourist Heights Well 1953 A #2 16th Avenue 35 FLUORIDE SOURCE HARDNESS DATE AGENCY (ppm) (ppm) YAKIMA COUNTY contd. Yakima 0.20 Well 1958 A Yakima 0.00 Naches River 25 1936 A Yakima 0.10 Naches River 21 1951 B Yakima 0.00 Naches River 1953 A Yakima 0.05 Naches River 38 1960 A Yakima 0.21 Well 42 1963 A Yakima 0.31 Well 54 1964 A Yakima 0.90 Gilbert Well 90 1961 A Yakima - Nob Hill Water Company 1.06 Well 1960 A Yakima - Nob Hill Water Company 1.10 Well 60 1965 A Yakima - Nob Hill Water Company 0.94 Well 65 1962 A Yakima Nob Hill Water Company 0.41 Well #1 57 1962 A . 1 36 R ENTO N CITY COUNCIL Regular ,,Meeting ' September 23 , 1974 Municipal. Building Monday 8: 00 P . M. Council' Chambers M. I..N U:.,, T, E' S CALL TO ORDER Mayor Avery Garrett, 'presiding, led the Pledge' of Allegiance and called the meeting of the Renton City, Council' to order. ROLL CALL OF EARL CLYMER, Council President; KENNETH D. BRUCE, RICHARD M. STREDICKE, COUNCIL GEORGE J. PERRY,.,CHA'RLES DELAURENTI , HENRY E. SCHELLERT. MOVED BY CLYMER, SECONDED', BY BRUCE, ABSENT COUNCILMAN WILLIAM, J. GRANT BE EXCUSED. CARRIED. CITY OFFICIALS AVERY. GARRETT', Mayor; DEL MEAD, City Clerk; GWEN MARSHALL, Finance IN ATTENDANCE Director; G. M.' Shellan,' City Attorney; WARREN GONNASON, Public Works Director; .GORDON. Y. ERICKSEN, Planning Director; KEN WHITE, Personnel Director; DON STARK, Administrative Assistant; HUGH DARBY, Police Chief; RICHARD GEISSLER, Acting Fire Chief. MINUTE APPROVAL MOVED BY CLYMER,. SECONDED BY PERRY, APPROVAL.OF COUNCIL MINUTES OF SEPTEMBER 16, BE WITHHELD UNTIL NEXT WEEK, COUNCIL APPROVE MINUTES OF SEPTEMBER 9, AS PREPARED AND MAILED (Corrections of Councilmen Grant and Schellert included, as noted 9/16). CARRIED. SPECIAL AWARD Mayor.'Garrett extended.'congratulations as he presented Certificate of Merit to Finance Director, Gwen Marshall , from the Washington Finance Director Finance Officers Association, which certifies that the Annual 1973 Marshall Financial Report of the City is the most outstanding in the State. Finance Director Marshall reported the hard work of Joan Pringle and Ted Bennett made the award possible. PUBLIC HEARING This being the date set and proper noticeshaving been posted and Street Vacation published as required by law, Mayor Garrett declared the public Portion of hearing open to consider vacation of a portion of Newport Ave. N.E. Newport Ave. NE (M Place North) , undeveloped, street in Mapes Addition near N.E. 10th Street and Monroe Ave. N.E. City Clerk Mead read letter from the Board of Public Works Chairman Del Bennett noting the Board's review of the proposed vacation on 9/4/74 with no objections to the matter as proposed and also that no utility easements are required. Public Works Director Gonnason outlined area on map and recommended the vaca- tion be approved and sent to.the Public Works Department for appraisal and report back to Council . MOVED BY DELAURENTI , SECONDED BY BRUCE, PUBLIC HEARING BE CLOSED., CARRIED. Moved by Delaurenti , Seconded by Clymer, this subject be referred back to the Public Works Depart- ment for appraisal and report back to Council . Mr. Lynn Speck, Minister of the Highlands Church of Christ, asked that Council waive payment of 1/2 appraised value which would otherwise be required. Mr. Speck described future development of the 3.2 acres as church site with proposed day care center and park with natural setting to be benefit to City residents. Upon inquiry by Councilman Stredicke, zoning was determined as single family residential with churches permitted. Stredicke also noted large number of churches in the area. MOVED BY PERRY, SECONDED BY. CLYMER, SUBSTITUTE MOTION, COUNCIL CONCUR IN REQUEST TO VACATE THE STREET, WAIVE THE FEE AND REFER THE MATTER TO THE LEGISLATION COMMITTEE FOR PROPER ORDINANCE.* Public Works Director Gonnason noted no need for the undeveloped street in the circulation scheme. Upon inquiry by Councilman Perry, City Clerk Mead outlined costs of processing which included publication,posting notification to signatoriesnoting the $100 filing fee paid. Stredicke spoke against the motion in favor of using the money for the poor and infirm. *MOTION CARRIED. ' CORRESPONDENCE & CURRENT Letter from Public Works Director Gonnason recommended final payment BUSINESS to Robertson Landscaping for Street Beautification on Rainier Ave. , N.E. Sunset Blvd. and So. 4th St.in amount of $4,392.00 and recom- Final Payment mended Council accept completion of the project as of 9/23/74. Robertson The letter also recommended that if after thirty days no liens or Landscaping claims are filed against the project and proof of payment of tax C.A.G. 008-74 liabilities is received, the retained amount of $5,909.69 be paid the contractor. MOVED BY SCHELLERT, SECONDED BY DELAURENTI , COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE RECOMMENDATION OF THE PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT Renton City Council Meeting Minutes of 9/23/74 Page 2 CORRESPONDENCE AND CURRENT BUSINESS - Continued Final Payment Letter from Public Works Director Gonnason recommended final payment Signal Electric to Signal Electric, Inc. in amount of $16,075.58 for traffic signals installed in Talbot Road, Phase II , C.A.G. 062-73 completed 9/20and accepted by the Public Works Department 9/23/74. The letter recom- mended Council accept the project as of 9/23/74 and if after 30 days no liens or claims received, the retained amount of $6,221 .59 be paid to the contractor. MOVED BY DELAURENTI , SECONDED BY SCHELLERT, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE RECOMMENDATION OF THE PUBLIC WORKS DIRECTOR.* Upon inquiry by Councilman Stredicke, Gonnason noted the project was financed by 90% U.A.B. funds and 10% City Forward Thrust funds. Further discussion ensued and Councilman Schellert explained the rule of dual indication per approach.*MOTION CARRIED. Claim for Claim for Damages was filed by LeRoy W. Anderson, 316 Cedar Ave. S. , Damages in the amount of $100,000 for damages due to collision with the Anderson Milwaukee Main Line at intersection of Monster Rd. S.W. 5/24/74 alleging improper markings at the intersection. MOVED BY DELAURENTI , SECONDED BY SCHELLERT, THIS CLAIM BE REFERRED TO THE CITY ATTORNEY AND INSURANCE CARRIER. C"•RRIED. MOVED BY STREDICKE, SECONDED BY Monster Ztd. BRUCE, THE SUBJECT OF SAFETY PROTECTION :AT THE MONSTER ROAD RWY. C$OSS- RR XXX ING BE REFERRED TO THE TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE. CARRIED. ' Public Works Director Gonnason noted the subject previously referred to the Transportation Committee was Burlington Northern's request to elimi- nate and find alternate routes for the Monster Rd. crossing. •Grady Way possible alternate, but being sub-standard and need for outside fund- ing to reinforce structure explained by Councilman Bruce. L. I.D. 291 Letter from Public Works Director Gonnason reported petition for Water mains local improvement district for construction of water mains in the Lake Washington Lake Washington and May Creek areas was checked and.' signatures represent 83.69% of the area, 75.05% of the front footage and 71 .02 of the assessed valuation. Councilman Schellertinquired and was advised by Gonnason that this is the same area that sanitary sewers are being installed, that the work and resurfacing can be coordinated. MOVED BY SCHELLERT, SECONDED BY PERRY, REFER MATTER TO THE PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE TO WORK WITH PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT AND REPORT BACK. CARRIED. Fluoridation Letter from Public Works Director Gonnason announced receipt by the of Water Utilities Division of draft environmental impact statement for the proposed Fluoridation Regulations of Public Water Supplies wherein the State Department of Health and Social Services is proposing to require fluoridation of all water systems serving over 500 people at the City' s expense,which is estimated as high. as $250,000 with anticipated annual expense of•$40,000, as well as needed manpower. The letter noted the Sta-te Board of Health will be meeting concern- ing the mandatory fluoridation (R.C.W. 43.20.050) in. Olympia 10/2/74 with comments and position of the Council requested in order to meet the 9/27/74 date for consideration. Councilman Delaurenti noted local option should be allowed as voters had turned down fluoridation of the City' s water (3/11/69) . Councilman Clymer suggested Associ- ation of Washington Cities help lessen financial impact. MOVED BY SCHELLERT, SECONDED BY CLYMER, THAT PUBLIC WORKS DIRECTOR GONNASON REPRESENT THE CITY TO THE STATE BOARD OF HEALTH ADVISING THAT THE VOTERS HAVE REJECTED FLUORIDATION OF THE WATER SUPPLY AND THAT THE COST WOULD BE AN IMPOSSIBLE BURDEN AND IT SHOULD BE REFERRED AGAIN TO THE VOTE OF THE PEOPLE. CARRIED. EXPO '74 Letter from Mayor Garrett recommended transfer of $250 from the Execu- Renton Day tive budget to the Miscellaneous account toward housing and transporting 10/1/74 the 70-piece Hazen High School Concert Band at EXPO ' 74 in Spokane for Renton Day on Tuesday, October 1 , the school having accepted the invitation to provide musical entertainment as a representative City high school group to promote tourism and attract visitors to our City, the school bus also containing appropriate signs to promote the City. The Mayor's letter invited the Council members to help represent the City. MOVED BY DELAURENTI , SECONDED BY SCHELLERT, THE COUNCIL CONCUR IN MAYOR'S REQUEST.* Upon inquiry by Council President j. ' ounce a I . to st•a t r-4 • • • on fluoridation By ERIC' PRYNE". 1 - A state proposal to require like it . . . when we lived in fluoridation of most large water North Renton I used to be a big supply systems—including Ren- water drinker." ton's—received an unfriendly The Department of Social and reception from the city council Health Services will hold a hear- f Monday night. ing on its proposal Oct. 2 in "We've had this discussed for many years in this.city," Council- Olympia. The City of Renton s, man •Charles Delaurenti: -said. official position will be against "The citizens of Renton are op- mandatory fluoridation. posed to it, and'I'm opposed to) _ _ it." .. The State Department of Social 1and Health Services has proposed , 1 systems that serve more than 500. customers shouldadd fluoride to their water — at their own' ex— pense. Renton Public Works Director Warren C. Gonnason has, estimated fluoridation could cost the city $250,000—_plus $40,000 a year in operating costs. The •cost factor seemed to bother Renton councilmen most. "We're going to have to come {"{ up with $300,000 all of a sud- den;" Said Councilman George J. Perry. "The voters .of Renton have said they don'twant fluor-1 ide several times." ' In 'March 1969.Renton voters defeated a proposal to add fluor- ide to the water supply, 1,949 to• 1,712. "It should be a matter of-local , option," Delaurenti echoed. "We ' get City of Seattle water with fluoride where I live; and I'don't , V 7/ Rte THE CITY OF RENTON n ' MUNICIPAL BUILDING 200 MILL AVE. SO. RENTON,WASH. 98055 p/' AVERY GARRETT, MAYOR • PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT p � Warren C. Gonnason. Director September .23, 1974 Honorable Avery Garrett , Mayor Members of the City Council Subject : Fluoridation Gentlemen: The Utilities Division has just received the draft E. I .S . for the proposed Fluoridation Regulations of Public Water Supplies . The Washington State Department of Health and Social Services is proposing to require fluoridation of all large water systems in the State . This regulation would require the City to fluoridate its water system at City expense . We estimate the initial expense to the City to be as high as $250 , 000 . It is anticipated that there will be an annual operational cost of $40 ,000 as well as additional manpower required to maintain this system. The authority to enact such a rule (mandatory fluoridation) is vested in the State Board by RCW 43 . 20 . 050 (see Section A, paragraph 1 of the E. I . S . ) . Because the very nature of this subject is a controversial item, it is most important that good records be kept and the best equipment available be installed to fluoridate if it becomes mandatory. The State Board of Health will have this subject on its agenda at its October 2 , 1974 , meeting. For the City' s comments to be considered they should be received by the D. S .H.S. before September 27, 1974. We assume this meeting will be in Olympia and plan to have someone from the Utilities Division present. It is most important that we have the City 's comments and position firm before that meeting. Very tru/ yours , arren C. Gonnason, P.E. Public Works Director • tticikr DEPARTMENT l OCIAL AND HEALTH SERVICES / ;r TO: DATE: August 20, 1974 , < j FROM: V. L. SHOEMAKER, D.M.D. i t1• Assistant Supervisor, Dental Health Unit SUBJECT: A Negative Declaration and Environmental Assessment for the Mandatory Fluoridation of the Public Water Supplies for Washington. The attached Negative Declaration and Environmental Assessment is being sent to you both for your appraisal and comments. Any comments should be returned to • the Washington State Board of Health through the Department of Social and Health Services for the State of Washington, P. 0. Box 1788. For your comments to receive consideration, they should be submitted to arrive not later than the 27th of September 1974. The Washington State Board of Health will be having its meeting October 2, 1974 at which time the matter of mandatory fluoridation will be on the agenda. VLS:mt Encl. • ' pp, ,, Li., VSO ti. c'7 ,.`c ,. , A NEGATIVE DECLARATION for the FLUORIDATION OF PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES July 1974 Prepared by V. L. Shoemaker, D.M.D. Department of Social and Health Services Health Services Division Dental Unit Although set out in greater detail in the attached environmental assessment, the case for water fluoridation before the Washington State Board of Health includes the following facts : 1. The effectiveness of water fluoridation in preventing dental caries and the documented safety of fluoridation. 1,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 2. The public health and economic incidents of dental decay, including the lack of dental care, , particularly among low income groups; the shortage of dentists ; the disadvantages of administering fluorideby any means other. than by water fluoridation; and the economic savings to families and society from prevention of dental caries. 6 ,7 ,8 ,9 ,10 3. The legality and in particular the constitu- tionality of fluoridation legislation and the general rejection by the courts of legal objections raised to fluoridation ordinances. 11,17,13 ,14 RCW 43.21C. 030 (c) requires the State Board of Health to issue an environmental impact statement whenever a state agency takes "major actions significantly affecting the quality of the environment . . . " Although in passing a regulation requiring fluoridation of water supplies , the State Board of Health may be engaging in a "major action" , this major action does not "significantly affect the quality of the environment" , and issuance of an environmental impact statement therefore would not be required. Z have concluded that passing a regulation requiring fluoridation of water supplies does not "significantly affect" the environment for the following reason. The Attorney General' s Office has advised us that while the Washington courts have not yet construed the term "significantly affect" , the Council on Environmental Quality Guidelines to NEPA (38 Fed. Reg. 20 ,550 ,1973) suggest the following criterion for determining whether governmental action significantly affects the environment: 1 ) Potential degradation of the quality of the environment, 2) curtailment of the range of beneficial uses of the environment, 3) serving short-term rather than long-term environmental goals, and 4) adverse secondary or indirect consequences of the governmental action. Based on the available scientific evidence as discussed in the attached environmental assessment, fluoridation of water supplies at the optimal level of 0.8 to 1. 3 milligrams per liter does not appear to have any adverse effects on health or environment. More specifically, an analysis of fluoridation in terms. of the four above-mentioned criteria yields a _nega- tive response. Therefore , it can be concluded that fluoridation does not significantly affect the quality of the environment. The lack of significant environmental impact is further • illustrated by the following statement from the Environ- mental Protection Agency: "Since the safety and efficacy of water fluoridation have been well established, the Environmental Pro- tection Agency endorses the principles of such practice. The Environmental Protection Agency does not consider the adjustment of the fluoride content 'of drinking water for purposes of dental decay reduction to be a form of pollution. By definition, water pollution is the addition of a substance to water which makes such water unfit forits intended use. Since adjust- ing the natural fluoride content of drinking water to a level which is optimal for the reduction of dental decay does in no way make the water unfit for drinking, water fluoridation cannot be con- sidered to be pollution. At the concentrations used in water fluoridation, the fluoride ion has no detrimental effects on the environment. Fluoride is a natural constituent. of fresh water, soil, sea water and most living organisms, often a higher concentration than are used in water fluoridation. A recent study on the environmental impact of fluorites , conducted by the National Research Council under contract to the Environmental Protection Agency, has confirmed that the only hazard to our environment from fluorides is from industrial discharges. " The lack of even cumulative impact is commented on by the National Air Pollution Control Administration as follows : "Fluoride concentrations in ambient air (atmosphere) pose no problem for communities with water fluoridation. • Ambient fluoride concentrations are routinely , measured at all of the National Air Sampling Network Stations. The data collected do not support claims of hazards from inhaled fluoride to people living in communities with fluoridated water supplies. " References 1. World Health Organization-expert committee on water fluoridation, first report. Technical report series No. 146. W.H.O. , Geneva 1958. 2. Ontario-report on the committee appointed to inquire into and report upon the fluoridation of municipal water supplies. Ontario Water Resources Commission. 1961. 3. Elwell, K.R. , and Easlick, K.A.-classification and appraisal of objections to fluoridation. The University of Michigan, Ann Harbor, Michigan. 1960. 4. Stevenson, C.A. , and Watson, A.R.-roentgenology findings in fluoride osteosclerosis A.M.A. Arch. Ind. Health, 21:48:360-June 1960 5. Higgin, T. -Effects of fluoridation on general health-as reflected in mortality data. AMER. ASS. ADV. SCI. Symposium, Indianapolis, Indiana 1957 6. Frank, John E. , Law, Frank E. , Spitz, Grace S. , and Galagan, Donald J. : "School dental care in a community with controlled fluoridation," Public Health Reports 79:113-124, February 1964 (Dental Abstracts, May 1964) (Excerpts) 7. Healy, Thomas F. - "Study of the effects of fluoride on teeth of children in Cleveland public schools," Cleveland Public Schools, Cleveland, Ohio, November, 1963. (Excerpts) 8. Bronstein, Edward, - "A survey of caries experienced among the pre- school children of Philadelphia, : Journal of Public Health Denistry 29:24-26, Winter 1969 (Excerpts) 9. Young, Wesley 0. - "Fluorides and dental caries in Idaho: IV. Cost of providing care of children in fluoride and fluoride deficient, areas." Newsletter, Idaho Dental Association, January, 1957 (Excerpts) 10.. Han, H.J. (Study Director) - "The Dental benefits of water fluoridation; 1968 Prince George report," "Prince George and district dental society and the Northern Interior Health Unit," Prince George, British Columbia October, 1968. 11. 11 Conn. Gen. Stat. Ann. 19-13$ (Supp. 1966) 12. Schuringa v City of Chicago, 30 I11. 2d 504, 518, 198 N.E.2d 326, 334 (1964) 13. Paduano v. City of New York, 45 Misc. 2d 718, 728, 257 N.Y.S. 2d 531 541, aff`d mem., 269 N.Y.S. 2d 831 (1965) 14. Elwell & Easlick, Classification and Appraisal of Objections to Flouridation, University of Michigan School of Public Health (1960) • • ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT • for the FLUORIDATION OF PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES August, 1974 Prepared by V. L. Shoemaker, D.M.D. Department of Social and Health Services Health Services Division Dental Unit DEFINITION OF FLU( )ATION: Basically, fluoridation is the addition of flouride to the diet with a view to lessening both the ccvcr{ty and incidence ^f dental caries . Though other dietary forms are known, it has come to be associated predominately with the addition of fluoride to communal water supplies. Proponents of the measure recognize an optimum dosage which, in temperate climates may be taken to approximate in weight 1 part of flouride to 1 million parts of water or as a percentage 0.0001%. MANDATORY FLUORIDATION REGULATION (To be substituted in the Section on Public Water Supplies, WAC 248-54) A. The Proposed Action WAC 248-54-370 Fluoridation. (1) Every purveyor of a public water supply serving an average population of 500 or more shall, not later than July 1, 1976, adjust the concentration of fluoride in that supply to not less than 0.7 mg/L or more than 1.3 mg/L or as required by the Secretary. Analysis for fluoride shall be made daily or as required by • the Secretary and reports of such analysis submitted to the Division monthly. Such analysis shall be made in accordance with procedures listed in "Standard Methods." Check samples shall be submitted to the Division monthly or as required by the Secretary. (2) Plans and specifi- cations for any fluoridation installation shall be submitted to the Secretary for approval prior to construction as required in WAC 248-54- 300. 1. Type of Action -- The State Board of Health has statutory authority to enact state-wide rules requiring fluoridation of public water supplies. RCW 43.20.050 provides that the State Board shall be enpowered to "promulgate rules and regulations for the prevention and control of infectious and noninfectious diseases." The Wash- ington State Supreme Court has ruled that dental caries while non- infectious and noncontagious is a "common disease of mankind." Kaul vs. Chehalis 45 Washington. 2d616 at 620, 277 P 2d352 (1954) The State Board of Health has been respectfully requested by the House of Delegates of the Washington State Dental Association' to exercise their statutory prerogative and enact a regulation making mandatory the fluoridation of all communal water supplies serving an average population of 500 or mor, at the optimal level of 1 part per million. • 2. Justification for the Proposed Action -- Over 40 years of intensive investigation provides proof that the optimal level of flouride in communal water supplies effectively and safely reduce the incidence of dental caries. Recent surveys reveal more than 150 million people in 30 countries are drinking optimally flouridated water.2 In the United State, on the continent, 92 million persons use fluoridated water supplies. Specifically in Washington State, 1,400,000 per- sons use water from regulated fluoride systems and another 75,000 have the advantage of fluoride occuring naturally in their water. Dental caries. is regarded as one of the most prevelant diseases among people up to the age of 65. It is estimated that 98% of people up to 65 at some time during the period will have experienced • dental caries. By the addition of optimal of fluoride to communal water supplies, studies have shown reduction in the inci- dence of dental caries from 50 to 70%. Dental health studies continue to provide unequivocal confirmation that drinking optimally fluoridated water during childhood markod lv reduces the hazard of both initial tooth decay and the progre:;s t m of decay. Among 387, five and six year old children, examined in Newburg, New York (fluoridated) , 4l7 were completely decay free. Whereas among 379 similarly aged children in Kingston (nonfluoridated) only 17% were completely free of decay. These children subsequently received complete initial dental care and annual incremental care for six years. An initial examination each succeeding year, should children in the nonfluoridated area required more compound fillings and more extractions than did their counterparts in the fluoridated area. Costs in- the nonfluoridated area were more than twice as high and chair time per patient was about one and one-half times that needed in the fluoridated area. The benefits from both fluoridated water and regular periodic dental care starting early in life make it quite clear that this kind of program is essential (1) to reduce the hazard of tooth loss and the potential results, (2) for economic reasons, and (3) to conserve the limited professional manpower time available so that more patients needing attention can get it.3,4 In a city with controlled fluoridation and a system of regular dental care for the school population, the number ofdentist man- hours per child is about one third the number required in a city with fluoridation. In the city with fluoridation the dentists can treat many more children than in cities without fluoridation.5,6 The cost to the individual for the addition of fluoride to communal water systems has been estimated to be 15-20c per capita per year. 3. Historical Background -- Fluoridation of communal water systems was first begun in the State of Washington in February, 1952, when the community of Norwood Village in King County decided to add fluoride to its drinking water. The Norwood Village water system does not exist as a separate system but the community is now supplied by the city of Seattle which has practiced fluoridation since early 1970. Since 1952, 33 other water systems have started and are practicing fluoridation. Interestingly enough, 27 of these communities lie approximately along a line extended from Lynden in Whatcom County and Vancouver in Clark County. An estimated 1.4 million of the State's residents drink fluoridated water. In addition, to the 33 communities that come under State jurisdiction, 2 Indian communities • and 4 military bases also practice fluoridation. The combined population for these is about 100,000.7 B. Existing Conditions 1. Natural Setting -- In a primary natural form,8 fluoride is found in a wide variety of mineral forms in rocks and soils. It occurs most commonly as fluorite or fluor-spar (calcium fluoride) but other important sources are cryolite (a mixed compound containing todi= and -.1un4nun fluorides) and rock phosphates ( in the form of apatites) . In ionized or inorganic form, f]' ine is so common 171 nature th it ranks 17th among the elements in order of abundance As a constituent of the earth's crust, it has an average concentration ranging from 400 to 800 parts per million. Its distribution is universal and is a significant, if not an essential, element in the human environment. Fluorine is an element--one of 103 ultimate substances currently known to science. In the language of chemistry it reacts violently with other elements. That is, it so readily combines with other substances to form compounds that in a free, such an an unmixed state, it is not found in nature. Fluorine then exists in nature in combination with • other elements. An important consequence arises from the fact that chemically there is no necessary relation between the intrinsic toxicity or noxious qualities of an element and those of any of its compounds. They vary widely and each chemical compound must from this aspect be considered as a separate entity. Thus, to argue that elemental fluorine is a poisonous gas, therefore, any chemical combination involving the same element must possess the same toxic properties is chemically fallacious. • a. Areas directly involved -- In few areas in the State of Washington does fluoride exist in significant levels in the soil. Measurable amounts can be traced in most all soil. However, only east of the Cascade Range does it occur in adequate concentrations to be considered beneficial and only then in relatively isolated areas. The significant levels for. the purpose of this assessment are considered to be 0.7 to 1.3 parts per million. There are areas in • Asotin County, namely in the Clarkston vicinity; in Grant County, in the Ephrata-Moses Lake area; in Benton-Franklin County, in the Tri-Cities area; and in Yakima County, in the Nob Hill District. While fluoride does occur in • significant levels in these particular areas, the numbers of people drinking of this water are relatively small. b. It seems clear that fluoride is present in most, if not all, food stuff. With three important exceptions, tea, beer and sea food, the fluoride content of food stuffs is generally low though some common items are in the medium range such as white bread and cereals about one part per million and cheese and chicken with about 1.5 per million. Some forms of salt may have very high values but the amount ingested has to be related to climate, dietary habits, and the amount used. c. Fluoride is also widely distributed in the atmosphere its most common sources being the dusts of fluoride containing soil, the gaseous contents of industrial wastes and the smoke of coal fires.9 In the presence of heavy industrial pollution, the concentration can be significant. 0therwise;- the levels are greatly variable ranging from 0.9 to 18 parts per billion. d. Surface waters though invariably containing some are low in fluoride, the levels being below 1 part per million and _._ most cases considerably belo% _ There are excep- tions. Subsoil or underground water will have greater • opportunity for contacting fluoriferous material and depending on the geology of the area may acquire much fluoride concentrations. Sea water contains significant quantities levels having been variously recorded from 0.8 to 1.4 parts per million. This, undoubtedly, accounts for the higher level of fluoride found in fish. 2. Human Use • • a. A common objection to fluoridation is that it is wastefulll in that only a very small portion of the total fluoridated water supply is drunk by those whom it is intended to benefit. Inasmuch as the greater part of communal water supplies is used for other purposes such as for industry, sanitation, horticulture and bathing, the. argument is that it is an extravagant and wasteful method of achieveing a limited object. It cannot be disputed that the greater part of water that might be supplied would be used for • other than drinking or dietary purposes. Relative costs • are only one facet. Relative efficiency is the other and more important. One cannot be separated from the other and the economics of the matter cannot be determined without considering the worth of what you pay for. When both aspects are taken into account, water fluoridation remains the better. That is, the more effective means of achieveing the end desired. b. Historically, fluoridated water has been drunk by millions throughout the world. The nature of fluoride's existence in the soils, air, and waters of the world precludes anyone from having had a fluoride free diet. c. Scientifically, over 40 years of research have refuted any allogations as to the harmful effects, either physically or mentally, to any of the person having been subjected to fluoride in the water at an optimal level of 1 ppm.12,13,14,15 C. Impact of the Proposed Action (i) 1. Changes in natural characteristics a. Because of the universal presence of fluoride in waters and soils, same amounts of the element can be found-in . all plants.16 A great amount of experimental work shows no indication of harm to seedlings even of susceptible species at any concentration of nutritional fluid less than 10 parts per million. There is no evidence of water at one part per million will harm vegetables, flowers, or other plants. Fluorosis in plants where it does occur is 'generally due to air-borne contamination resulting from industrial pollution. In the case of plants, it is generally due to the ehgnrpticvt of vlser UR f l i+nr(d (a. . HF) . Ifsuchhazards exist, they would not be signifcantly augmented by water fluoridation and the remedy is to control the source. b. As muted previously, the prii.ary form of fluoride is found in a wide variety of mineral forms in rocks and soils. It occurs most commonly in combination with calcuim but otL. r l:..pvi tart sial r L.s .ire a u:ixture c3nta:.n- lug sodium and aluminum fluorides and rock phosphates in the form of apatites. It can be unequivocally stated that the addition of one part per million to either .soil or rock would not greatly affect the balance in nature. c. Sea water contains significant quantities, levels having • been variously recorded from 0.8 to 1.4 parts per million. Surface waters, though invariably containing some, are lower in fluoride, the levels being below one part per million and in most cases considerably below. On this basis, it is reasonable to assume that the addition of water containing one part per million would, in a very minimal manner, dilute the concentration of sea water and because of its violent reaction with other elements, would have a tendency to be precipitated out in the form of an elemental salt. • d. According to the National Air Pollution Control Admini- stration, fluoride concentrations in the air pose no hazards for communities with water fluoridation "assuming that the maximum flouride concentration of approximately 2.0 micrograms per cubic meter reported by the National Air Sampling Network was present continuously in the atmosphere of a city having 1.0 parts per million fluoride . in its water supply. Intake of this atmospheric fluoride concentration could increase the total fluoride intake by only 5%. This small contribution would result only under conditions of continuous and very high atmospheric exposure and under the unrealistic assumption of complete absorp- Lion of all inhaled fluoride." This evidence supports the contention that fluoride concentration in ambient air is unlikely to add to the total body concentration of fluoride in communities having fluoridated water. 2. Resultant Life Changes. • a. Water fluoridated at the level of one part per millionis wall within the tolerance levels of all animal species mentioned in the literature and is said to be beneficial to bone and tooth structure. Specifically, when drunk by dairy cattle, it does not result in any elevation of fluoride content in the milk beyond that normally found in unfluoridated areas. It follows that other dairy products are unaffected. Harvey (1952) found no appreci- able accumulation of fluoride in any edible portion of sheep which had been two years on water containing 10 parts per million fluoride. Hence, there is no danger to humans in the consumption of such animals. As for humans, there currently is no validated informaton to link fluoridation of public water supplies with any • p ical or mental illnesses. As ninor qualification, there is a risk of dental fluorsis occuring in some children. The number affected will not exceed 10% of the child population any may be less. The degree by measurable standards will be mild, probably about 2% and the remainder either very mild or questonable. There is no reason to fear that it will in any case be disfiguring or even noticable except to a clinical observer. In any case, over the child population as a whole it will be more than counter-balanced by the improved shape and appearance of the dentition and by an even greater reduction in etching and staining of teeth from other causes. - . The values of fluoridation, including its safety, practi- cality and desirability and its medical and legal aspects, have been explored thoroughly. Over 20,000 sources of information are available, A digest has been published which summarizes this knowledge and the practical experience of scientists who have worked with fluoridation.21 Fluoridation, if mandated, would make available to all social economic groups a proven preventive measure. Statistically, it could be said that a child introduced to fluoridated water at birth would by the time it had reached ten years have experienced 50 to 70% fewer carious teeth than those otherwise not exposed to this measure. In the United States last year, the monies spent for dental care amounted to nearly $5 billion. When you equate the possible reduction, this figure becomes quite significant. D. Any Unavoidable Adverse Environmental Effects (ii) 1. ' Effects There is currently no scientifically validated literature to substantiate that there are any ill effects from the addition of fluoride to the water at an optimum level of one part per million. E. Alternatives to the Proposed Action (iii) 1. Nonaction • Failure on the part of the State Board of Health to exercise their statutory prerogative by passing a regulation ensuring the addition of optimal levels of fluoride in communal water supplies would automatically defer the action to either the State Legislature or local referenda. Fluoridation thus would be Again cast into the area of emotion and politics. 2. Alternative Projects or Programs a. Tab s There are ways other than fluoridation of either avoiding or reducing both the pvgvalence and the severity of caries in individuals.1 They are not as effective or as comprehensive as fluoridation if the interests of the community are the determinent. The fluoride ion is the same, however, administered and will have the same physio- logical effect so long as it is administered in soluble form. As a continuing means of individual protection and as an effective measure of public prophylaxis they are • subject to severe limitation. In the first place, the number of years over which they will need to be continuously taken every day in order to achieve the optimum benefit is still an open question. Eight years from birth is the minimum and marks the most critical period. Up to the fifteen year period would be regarded as preferable. Further, the clinical evidence indicates that from about the sixth birthday on, they need to be supplemented by topical application, e.g. , painting the teeth with strong fluoride solutions every six or twelve months to replace the uptake by ionic exchange which would occur in the alternative process of drinking fluoridated water. This is clinical, time consuming, and costly procedure not feasible as a measure of mass control if only for the reason that there are not the trained personnel sufficient to carry out such a program. b. Salt19 has also been suggested as a suitable vehicle for ' the administration of fluoride. It has the advantage of • being a universal item of diet but the disadvantage that consumption is lowest at the time when the need for maximum uptake would be at its highest. c. Fluoridated milk. Another alternative, that of fluoridating milk20 is fraught with difficulties and disadvantages. Either all milk is to be fluoridated or it is to be • selectively done. Supplemental milk issued to school children at schools in the state is roughly one-third of a pint per child. If this is to be the chosen vehicle for administration, it would need to be fluoridated at something like 5 parts per million to ensure an adequate dose for the school child drinking his ration. If milk in the home is to be used as the vehicle of administration, because of the inadequacy of the school milk issue in relation to preschool children and to cover week-ends and holidays, then it is no advantages over and the dis- advantages of tablets. It would moreover, be more costly for the parents. d. Strictly speaking, matters such as painting th teeth with fluoride solutions (topical application) , the use of fluoridated tooth paste and powders and fluoride mouth • washes are useful supplements but in no sense a substitute for fluoridation of communal water supplies. Their effect is post eruptive and topical only and unless • bwr"lwed, they do nothing for the -th in its critical at, i of pre-eruptive formation an alcification. Moreover, topical application is a clinical procedure to be administered only by s1.111p0 r.nrcnnne1 nvd therefore, is both costly and demanding o;` professional time. Topical applications have been proven efficacious in some degree under controlled conditions but no one has suggested that they constitute an alternative public health measure to fluoridation. F. Relationship Between Local, Short Term and Environmental Uses and the Maintenance and Enhancement of Long-Term Productivity (iv) 1. Long Term Productivity of Envolved Resources The incorporation of fluoride in the teeth is basically similar to that in bone. It is most rapid during the time of formation and mineralization which, to cover both the deciduous and per- manent dentition may stem from the fourth month of uterine life to the sixteenth year. If the wisdom teeth be ignored . .(they are sometimes congenitally absent or eruption is delayed) then the end of the eighth year probably marks the limit of this period so far as the enamel is concerned. It would be supplemented by a further period of high intake during maceration. This process is most active in the pre-eruptive stages but is significant for a short time thereafter. Taking all these factors into account from birth to the end of the fifteenth year of life may be taken as the total period during the uptake of fluoride by dental structures is at its maximum. It • should not be assumed, however, as is sometimes done, that all possibility of uptake from fluoridated water ceases after the teeth appear in the mouth. As with bone, fluoride concentrated in the teeth can be shown to bear consistent relationship with the level of fluoride in the drinking water and the age of the subject. Not being subject to remodeling, teeth do not tend to lose fluoride by resorption except in the case of route structures in deciduous teeth particularly, but they may lose fluoride due to the loss of tooth substance from attrition or possibly by reversal of the process of ionic exchange due to a fall in the fluoride concentration of the oral fluids. • a. Surveys have repeatedly shown that 982 of the people up to age 65 will have had a caries experience at sometime during their life. more specifically, the surveys will show that the decayed, missing and filled rate among children 14 years of age will be in the nature of 7.5 to 8 decayed, missing or filled teech. The possibility of the reduction in the incident of caries by percentage of from 50 to 70% is quite significant when equated with dollars and cents cost for repair of these diseased teeth. It represents a very important economic factor. Last year the dental bills for the people of the United States amounted to 5 billion dollars plus. Within our own State the budgeted amount for the biennium for DPA recipients through Washington Dental Service as fiscal manager amounted to 15 million dollars. To be able • to reduce this cost amount- by conservatively 502 over a long-term period would represent a considerable saving to • each taxpayer. b. There is no prospect that the caries tide will be contained let alone turned back by the available dental services of this State present and prospec.ive. Unless there is some major change in the dietary habits or by tho utilt :htton of our present technical knowl dgo it would seem l'r0li ible that 50% of the population will enter adult life with one or more dentures. At the same time, pain of childhood, trauma and physiological shock and the economic and educational loss that it reflects is serious enough to be considered as a grave problem of public health. REFERENCES 1. House of Delegates Meeting of WSDA 12-i,-71 in Nichland, Washington. 2. Journal of the American Dental Association Editorial (2-1968) 3. Ast, David B. , et al: "Time and cost factors to provide regular, periodic dental care for children in a fluoridated and nonfluori- dated area: Final report, "Journal of the American Dental Associa- tion 80:770-776, April 1970. 4. Frank, John E. , Law, Frank E. , Spitz, Grace S. , and Galagan, Donald J. : "School dental care in a community with controlled fluoridation,": Public Health Reports 79:113-124, February 1964 (Dental Abstracts, May 1964) 5. Healy, Thomas F: "Study of the effects of fluoride on teeth of children in Cleveland public schools." Cleveland Public Schools, Cleveland, Ohio, November 1963. 6. Soricelli, David A. : "Fluoridation - the Philadelphia story," Archives of Environmental Health 8:752, May 1964. 7. Washington's Water - Volume II, Number 3, July, 1973. 8. Bennett, R.R. , & Meyer, R.R. , - Geology and Ground Water of the Baltimore Area - Departmentof Geology, Mines, & Water Resources Bulletin, Number 4-1952. 9. Cholak, J. , Fluorides: A Critical Review. Journal of Occupational Medicine, 501-511, September, 1959. 10. Longwell, J. - Chemical and Technical Aspects - Royal Society of Health Journal, 77-361-374 1957. 11. Kausman, L.J. - Evidence Given to Royal Commission of Tasmania. Transcript, p. 947. 12. American Dental Ass. , Council on Dental Health Fluoridation Facts; answers to criticisms of fluoridation. Chicago, American Dental Association, 1956. 23p. 13. Black, A.P.-Facts in refutation of claims by opponents of fluorida- tion. Am. Dent. A.J., 50:655-64, June 1955. • - 14. Arnold, F.A. , Jr. , Grand Rapid fluoridation study - results pertaining to the 11th year of fluoridation Am J. Pub. Health, 47:539-45, May, 1957. 13. Black A.P. "The Philosophy of Supplementary Treatment of Public Water Supplies in the interest of group health. Am Water Works, A.J. , 43:11-16, January, 1951. 16. McClure, F.J. —Fluorine in Foods. Survey of recent data Public Health Report (Washington) , 64:1061. 1949 • 17. Harvey, J.M. hronic Endemic Flu:,rosib of MS io sheep in Queensland Queensland Der__tment of Agriculture and_StocL, )ivision of Animal Industry. Bull. No. 6 Government printer, Brisbaine. 1952 18. Hodge, H.C. - Fluoride tablets; questions and answers. J. Pcdiat. , 63:454-458. September,1963. 19. Wespi, H.J. - Experiences and problems of fluoridated cooking salt in Switerzerland. Arch. Oral Biol. , Special supplemental, 6: 33-39 PPrgamon Press 1961. 20. Letherman, G.H. and Ellis, J. - Fluoridaton round the World (1963 edition) . International Dental Journal, 14;2:149-191 June, 1964. 21. Our children's digest; a digest of expert opinion based on studies of the use of fluorides in public water supplies. New York, Committee to Protect our Children's Teeth, Inc., c1957. VI+ 104p. (p. 82-3) . •----1I .. ,... _ I -./ • ' - - ........3.30-., 1 . , --- fts...g,006•••••••~Ms~tar 1 .\1 l 1 ! N. !. •;., .1 te}"4 .1 7 .) 7)(// 77 ,. ;77) L1 N, jt.....' . /5 - / • • /19.}{..e_'..65'7A• .1-) I 49 , 474/9 if ( () c-\ -;'' e<9r'171?- : 54 i ---- LI; --- --- _. i . ; i 1 ,) e'-/-/0) JJ )' ' 351 7 A :ri-,._;. /1f9,-/..(4 , :z, ) , , e ,30--Let-A— ; ) .y,,t1 .7-7--„Li. 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It)j• l'H 71., 101 I 1, 113 6,,Akey, I A , :4 0/ / , . - ....____ ILI T1, 11,„1 1,:__I . , , f 47 '1 . , It Lip 1 4 _ _ _ ,________ .5.1. ... ., stwi. • • • • • • • i. /f4 ,/ e 1/4- e:// •.,-:.772/42h'/ A 7/-97p9M. /4// I ; 1. 0/ • P 2 V 2/ 2:17)/ /iii 2/4 ►`, �� P'a �, �/, i-,75-007-0-/-0/ frykyr . ,/ / 1/ �j��;}� ,-/' / f ! •CZ ,-Yt7z19'� O ,g/(44, Thfir mot wono f---15-73.-70-nrozo-cr K(S7199/ (/)? I(102I,M h d;2a s6,0,93 / (Q/U,l Q/2 (iCoun` Modic Socie-�. ,, ,„ 0.-,, . 200 Broadway,Seattle,Washington 98122 (206)621.9393 November 7, 1984 Renton City Council 200 Mill Avenue South Renton, Washington 98055 Dear Members of the Renton City Council : The Board of Trustees of the King County Medical Society, a professional society of more than 3000 physicians in King County, would like to go on record as being in support of achieving the fluoridation of the Renton water supply system. The Society feels that fluoridation of water supplies is a very effective, proven public health measure. If the Society can be of assistance to you in the implementation of such a program please feel free to ask for help. Sincerely, i JAK31 a( n E. Dunn, M.D. President JED:dmer 55 // I ��_ '"r iid ii NOY a i j_ mill qi 1 CITY CLERK .....Yi 811 First Avenue Seattle,Washington 98104-1498 (206) 382-9700 NURSE VISITING SERVICES August 8, 1984 Patricia Lavery, Chairperson Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health 1100 - North 38th Street Renton, WA 98056 Dear Ms. Lavery: This letter is in response to Jim Bowman's request for a statement in support of the pending measure to fluoridate Renton City water, to be presented in a public hearing before the Renton City Council . I am grateful for the opportunity to write in support of this measure for Visiting Nurse Services, both for personal and professional reasons. Having been born in Renton General Hospital , I have a personal interest in this city. As a native Pacific Northwesterner (my husband's family also) , we have struggled with the soft-teeth heritage of a low-mineral water/soil area until the 1950's, when the value of fluorine to teeth was becoming known. After a three month duty in central Mexico, where natural fluorine exists in such high amounts that local teeth are mottled (but no one had dental caries because teeth were so hard) , I came back to have my teeth treated with fluorine, and never had need for another filling for more than 16 years. Our five children all received fluorine tablets and later, fluoridated Seattle water, and have beautiful , unblemished teeth. As a nutritionist, I have studied the literature reporting continuing positive results from communities which have fluoridated water systems. D. H. Leverett, in Science magazine, July, 1982, summarizes the history and current status of issues related to fluoridation of public water supplies, and cites evidence that the inci- dence of dental caries increases with the availability of fermentable carbohydrates, especially sucrose in the diet, and decreases with the level of fluoride in water and foods. Fluoridation of public water supplies at .1 ppm of fluoride has had unequivocally positive results. Hospitals and kidney centers have not complained of difficulty of adapting for special needs, and dentists and pediatricians world- wide have hailed the decreasing incidence of dental caries. Leverett discusses the decreasing trends, even in low-fluoride regions, attributing the use of fluoridated water in food processing as helping contribute protection. In Nutrition News, February, 1981, Dr. Patricia Randolph summaries the role of diet and nutrition in dental health and disease: "the availability of certain nutrients such. .as vitamins A and D, calcium, phosphorus and fluoride influence mineralization of developing teeth. The best preventive methods against dental caries and peridontal disease are home care of the teeth and surrounding tissues, regular dental visits, optimal fluoride intake and eating a nutritionally-adequate diet. . ." Y Medicare Certified �� United Way Agency Patricia Lavery, Chairperson 2. August 8, 1984 Few problems in public health have received such prolonged and extensive study as the more than 55 years research into fluoridation, yet a minority still express opposition out of fear. Flouridation is simply the adjustment of a mineral nutrient already present in all waters, which has been shown to be safe, and re- duces tooth decay by 60 to 70 percent. Its effectiveness is permanent as long as one continues to use fluoridated water. Substitutes such as tablets, drops, dental treatment and toothpastes are more costly, exclusive to certain populations, and less effective than water supply fluoridation. Fluoride is an integral part of current research into osteoporosis (bone thinning) , being used in a dosage of 22 to 44 mg. per day as sodium fluoride. While this still is experimental and not currently approved by the FDA, it appears to not only slow bone mass loss, but also to restore bone mass previously lost. This has been reported by Charles H. Chesnut, M. D. of the University of Washington, and Helen F. Gruber, Ph.D. , Tacoma. Some data also is appearing showing decreased indi- dence of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women in geographic areas naturallly high in fluorine. Continuous surveillance is needed to see that the optimal level of fluoridation in water supplies is kept within an acceptable range, but this monitoring technology is already in place in municipal water systems. I was surprised to learn that the City of Renton does not already protect its young citizens with fluoridated water. More than 70% of all American cities with populations of 50,000 or greater have had adjusted fluoridation for more than 20 years. The District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and more than 22 states provide better dental health through fluoridated water to over one-half of their populations. Best wishes for success in this legislation. Sincerely, %ear&I--et411--e2 Kay Osborne,. M. S. Nutritionist n. bolus t Doris Visa a, Nuur Manager er 9 South Office, Visiting Nurse Services KO:sjg Atftubvia INUUbIRIAL LiGE 751 International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers AR-CIO 4EWID 5502 AIRPORT WAY SOUTH • SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 98108 • TELEPHONE SEATTLE/RENTON (206) 763-1300 EVERETT (206) 353-9639 AUBURN (206) 939-1600 THOMAS F.BAKER TACOMA (206) 627-0822 District President WILLIAM D.WALKAMA District Sec'y-Treas. August 15, 1984 Mrs. Patricia Lavery, Chairperson • Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health 1100 N. 38th Street Renton, WA 98056 Dear Mrs. Lavery: This letter is to advise You that the District Council of Industrial District Lodge 751 of the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers at the regular meeting on August 14th, voted unanimously to support your efforts to secure flouridation of the drinking water supply of the City of Renton. Yours very truly, TQM BAKER District President and Directing Union Representative District Lodge 751 TB/rb opeiu8 afl-cio cc: BWalkama, District Secretary-Treasurer BCox, District Legislative Committee Chairperson King 2ounl, Medic , . . pr, , . 200 Broadway,Seattle,Washington 98122 (206)621-9393 November 7, 1984 Renton City Council 200 MillAvenue South .'., Renton,y,Washington 98055 , Dear Members of the Renton City Council : • The Board of Trustees of the King County qdical Society, a professional society of more than 3000 physicians in King County, would like to go on record as being in support of 'achieving tfie fluoridation of the Renton water supply system. The Society feels that fluoridation of water supplies is a very effective, proven public health measure. If the. Society can be Of assistance to you in the implementation of such a program please feel free to ask for help. Sincerely, ' John E. Dunn, M.D. President JED:dmer • • • d A Delta Dental Plan Washington Dental Service 10700 Meridian Avenue North PO Box 488,North gate Station Seattle,Washington 98125 206-367-1100 October 1 , 1984 Mrs. Patricia Lovery, Chairperson Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee 1100 North 38th Street Renton, WA 98056 Dear Mrs. Lovery: Washington Dental Service is a strong supporter of your project to have the water supply in Renton fluoridated. We are convinced that fluoridation has contributed substantially to the high degree of oral health enjoyed by our young people. Our statistics are not tied directly to fluoridation but we do know that incidence of tooth decay has reduced significantly since fluoride has been generally available. You have our best wishes for success in your campaign. If we can be of service, please let us know. Sinc ely, / Paul R. Ratliffe President PRR/j d cc: Dr. Caswell Evans Seattle King County Health Department Rogelio Riojas Executive Director SEA MAR • HOME HEALTH AND CHORE SERVICE August 21, 1984 Renton City Council City Hall 200 Mill South Renton, Washington, 98055 Dear Sirs, It is our understanding that the Renton City Council is presently reviewing a proposal in favor of flouridation of Renton's water supply. On behalf of Sea-Mar Community Health Center, I want to express our full support for such an endeavor. Sea-Mar Community Health Center is a progressive medical and dental facility offering comprehensive health care to residents in Seattle and South King County. Our medi- cal providers are well aware of the many benefits that water fluori- dation provides. To quote a dentist on our staff, "Fluoridation of the local water supply is the most efficient and least expensive means of preventive dentistry, especially in children. " We commend the many citizens of Renton involved in this public health issue of utmost importance and want it to go on record that Sea-Mar Community Health Center, with its offices in South Park and downtown Renton, supports the approval of the measure and votes "yes" for fluoridation. Si cerely, uis Diaz eLeon„ Assistant Director cc: Jim Bauman • LDDL/dw A Division of Sea Mar Community Health Center 8720 14th Avenue South • Seattle, Washington 98108 • (206) 762-3730 P.Q, B.ox 2322 Renton, WA September 17, 1g84 Renton Citizens: for Better Dental Health. Trish Lavery, Chairperson Dear Mrs. Lavery, I am a plumber, actively engaged in this occupation for the past near decade. In all my experience in the northwest area, I have not been able to detect any damage to plumbing materials caused by fluoride in the water. In fact, in talking with others in my field, there is no known problem to plumbing materials of any kind, -which is directly attributed to fluoride being added to the water. Sincerely, David Thomas, Local 32 Plumbers Union, Seattle 11 ajOn 1410 South 200th Street S •ervice Seattle,WA 98148 — (206)242-9400 Seattle,(206)922-1491 Tacoma 1SL i 1 NT 121 Dr.Doyle E.Winter Superintendent April 4, 1984 Mrs. Patricia Lavery, Chairperson Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health 1100 North 38th Street Renton, WA 98056 Dear Mrs. Lavery: Educational Service District No. 121 Head Start strongly supports the efforts of your committee to obtain water fluori- dation for the children and families of Renton. We presently operate 5 classrooms of Head Start in Renton for a total of 95 children. We recognize that tooth decay during these early years not only causes pain but makes learning difficult. We would like to have you notify Marianne Larson, RN, of our staff of future meetings of your committee. Sincerely, /. 2 Bette Petersen Program Director ESD No. 121 Head Start BP:bjb cc: Marianne Larson Board Chairman: George Ingle; Board Vice Chairman: Cheryl Graves; Board Members: Antonnia Barber, George Buck, Joyce Henning, Roland M. Malan, Jr., Anne L. Kepner, Anne Moldrem, Marjorie Swain • King County Nurses Association 8511 Fifteenth Northeast Seattle, Washington 98115 206/523-0997 March 19, 1984 Patricia Lavery, Chairperson. Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health (RCBDH) 1100 North 38th Renton, Washington 98056 Dear Ms. Lavery:. The King County Nurses Association (KCNA) Board of Directors voted unanimously at their March 17, 1984 meeting to support fluoridating the City of Renton's water supply. The value of fluoridation has been tested and documented. To deny this benefit is certainly questionable. In addition to providing the Board of Directors support, we also welcomed the opportunity to appoint a KCNA representative to the RCBDH committee. I will advise you of this appointment by telephone later this weekso he/she may attend your next meeting. Please feel free to contact this office with any further questions. We, too, would appreciate receiving copies of your minutes, etc. here at the office. Sincerely, Alma Miller Ware, M.N. , R.N. Executive Director AMW:at cc: Carl Osaki , M.S.P.H. UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 98195 School of Dentistry Office of the Dean, SC-62 May 11, 1984 Patricia Lavery, Chairperson Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee 1100 North 38th St. Renton, WA 98056 Attention: Renton City Council Dear Ms. Lavery: The purpose of this letter is to urge the City Council of Renton to act favorably on increasing the fluoride levels in the Renton water supply. I enthusiastically support water fluoridation and applaude your efforts to fluoridate the Renton water supply. As you know, Seattle has been optimally fluoridated since 1970. Since that time we have observed a dramatic reduction in dental decay which has been experienced in all parts of the country where optimal levels of fluoride are utilized. Here at the University we have experienced an enormous reduction in decay in both our child and adult patients. There is overwhelming evidence supporting the safety and benefit of community water fluoridation. Over 123 million people in the USA (more than half the population) have access to fluoridated water. These communities consistently demonstrate up to 65% reduction in dental decay. Water fluoridation is effective, safe and economical. Thank you and your committee for your efforts on behalf of the citizens of Renton. I urge the Renton City Council to proceed with the necessary actions to bring Renton's water supply up to the optimal dental health standard for water fluoridation levels. Sincerely yours, gala-% .14' ',4-1-t o Karl-Ake Omnell, D.D.S., Odont.D. Dean, School of Dentistry 0 K-AO:PKD:vc Suite D322, Health Sciences Center/Telephone:(206)543-5982 al PUGET SOUND HEALTH SYSTEMS AGENCY Serving The Ten-County Northwest Washington Area 601 Valley Street / Seattle, WA 98109 / (206)464-6143 LARRY A. THOMPSON May 14, 1984 Executive Director Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee Patricia Lavery, Chairperson 1100 North 38th Street Renton, Washington 98056 Attention: Renton City Council Dear Ms. Lavery: As an organization charged under Federal and State law with responsibilities for fostering improved health practices, we are writing in strong support of the effort to fluoridate the Renton water supply. Among other duties, the Puget Sound Health Systems Agency , which serves all of King and nine other Northwest Washington counties, is required to develop an areawide plan for health care. This plan is developed with the assistance of numerous knowledgeable consumers and health care. professionals. Before adoption, the plan undergoes an extensive formal public review. An important goal of the current areawide health plan is: "All residents of the health service area have an optimally fluoridated water ' supply available to them. " Puget Sound Health Systems Agency views the current effort to fluoridate the Renton water supply as a well recognized, publically supported goal for improved dental health. If I can be of further assistance please do not hesitate to contact my office. Sincerely, • 71^ --f s Larry A. Thompson Executive Director LAT/sae Washington State Puy __c Health Association P.O. Box 521 Redmond, WA 98052 �' j (206) 882-1669 vp LA: AFFILIATED WITH THE AMMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION May 18, 1984 Honorable Members of the Renton City Council: The Dental Health Section of the Washington State Public Health Association Marilyn McCrum would like to recommend the fluoridation of the City of Renton community President water supply. Bobbie Evans • President-Elect • More than 40 years of research has demonstrated that adjusting water supplies William Timm for optimal fluoride content is a safe and effective practice. Fluoridation Vice-President is inexpensive and benefits the entire community, regardless of age, economic Sharon Reinsvold or education level. Tooth decay is reduced by 50-60% among children who con- Secretary sume optimally fluoridated water frau birth. Moreover, the improvement in Clarence Hall dental .health continues. Adults who have consumed water with optimal fluoride Treasurer content throughout life have less decay, fewer extractions, and fewer dentures. Linda Holmes Executive Director Dental caries is a disease of all ages, but children are especially at risk. • There are more than 5,000 elementary age children in Renton as well as many Susan Oatis pre-school age children and adolescents. These children will have more decayed Representative to APHA teeth than will children of the same age in fluoridated communities. Reduction in dental caries can be achieved at a minimal investment. This cost-effective method for reducing tooth decay usually costs 15-20 cents per person per year; and decreases tooth decay 50-60 percent. Fluoridation of community water supplies is the best and most effective method of significantly decreasing dental caries. Toothbrushing, flossing, fluoride rinses, tablets, and gels received in dental offices do not provide the 50-60% dental caries reduction that water fluoridation provides. Additionally, these other methods are significantly more expensive. The Dental Health Section supports the Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health goal of fluoridating the water in the City of Renton. We anticipate that you will also endorse this goal and adopt a resolution to fluoridate the water supply system. Your favorable endorsement will enhance the dental health of individuals who have confidence in your role as a decision-maker. The Dental Health Section is prepared to provide you with more information. Please feel free to contact me when the need arises. My phone number is (206) 363-4765. • S' cerely, j '� Kimberly K. Sanson, Chairperson • Dental Heal Section Washington State Public Health Association KKH:bn Washington State Pur --c Health Association • • P.O. Box 521 Redmond,• WA 98052 j 206 882-1669 W rio�Q AFFILIATED WITH THE AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION May 18, 1984 Honorable Members of the Renton City Council: Marilyn McCrum President The Washington State Public Health Association strongly urges you to Bobbie Evans fluoridate the water in the City of Renton. The Association is comprised President-Elect of individuals whose goal is to improve the health of people in Washing- William Timm ton State. The Association, as well as the American Public Health Assoc- Vice-President iation, endorses the fluoridation of community water supplies. Sharon Reinsvold Secretary Clarence Hall Fluoridation of camuunity water supplies is a proven cost-effective method for reducing dental caries (tooth decay) . Fran extensive research it has Treasurer been established that ccumunity water fluoridation prevents up to 60% of Linda Holmes the tooth decay that would ordinarily occur. Fluoride benefits the teeth Executive Director that have erupted as well as those developing in the jaws. Maximum pro- tection against tooth decay is achieved when optimally fluoridated water Susan Oatis Representative to APHA is consumed from birth. Protection continues throughout life for persons who continue to live in fluoridated communities. Fluoridation of the water can be done at a m;n;mal cost. This effective public health measure costs approximately 15-20 cents per person per year. Recognizing that fluoridation is a safe and effective method of reducing tooth decay, the Washington State Public Health Association encourages you to fluoridate the City of Renton water supply. A resolution passed by the City Council, to fluoridate the water will help to improve the dental health and general health of your constituents. If you would like further information, contact Kimberly Hanson, Dental Health Section Chairperson. Her phone number in Seattle is (206)363-4765. Sincerely, LilibeiteaW Maril. "McCrtml, President Washington State Public Health Association MMC:KH/bn • 1 c\ lete June 19, 1981+ VegariSde , Ms. Patricia Lavery, Chairperson Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health 1100 North 38 Street Renton, Washington 98056 Dear Ms. Lavery and Committee Members: On behalf of the members of the Seattle-King County Dental Society, I would like to whole heartedly endorse you and your committee for efforts relating to the Fluoridation of the Renton water supply. As all statistical evidence shows, water fluoridation is a safe, economical and effective way to reduce dental caries in all ages. We wish you much success with your campaign and hope that you will feel free to call upon myself or members of our Society in Renton for help in reaching your goals. Sincerely, Richard D. Leshgold, DDS President 1984-1985 RDL:ss cc: Dr. Robert Dunnington, Treasurer,RCBDH SKCDS Executive Council and Officers 620 11ledica€ Dead Veda," •. Seattle, Waditiat9tem 98101 • 624-4912 Harborview = Medical Center 325 NINTH AVENUE SEATTLE,WASHINGTON 98104 206223-3000 Dept. of Pediatrics, ZA-53 May 29, 1984 Patricia Lavery, Chair Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee 1100 N. 38th Street Renton, WA 98056 Dear Ms. Lavery: It's hard to believe that in this day and age there are still children in King County not receiving the benefits of fluoridated water. I urge the Renton City Council to effect the safest, most efficient and cost effective public health measure ever employed in history. When I began practicing pediatrics in Seattle in 1964 among poor children, it was the rule, rather than the excep- tion, for me to see eight-year-olds with rotted teeth. Now I never see any such child who has grown up in Seattle. You and your committee are to be congratulated for this selfless effort to improve the health of Renton children. Sincerel , 710 Abraham B. Bergman, M.D. Director of Pediatrics Harborview Medical Center Professor of Pediatrics University of Washington ABB/yn a component of the Warren G.Magnuson Health Sciences Center of the University of Washington Kent Family Dental Center Kenneth G. Johnsen, D.D.S. Mark V. Walker, D.D.S. June 13, 1984 Mrs. Patricia Lavery 1100 N®rth 38th Street Renton, Washington 98056 Dear Mrs. Lavery: I was very disturbed .to learn that the City of Renton's water is no longer fluoridated. My concern is two-fold: First, as a dentist who treats many Renton residents, I am concern- ed Rout the deleterious effect loss of fluoridation will have on their teeth. They are being short-changed by the loss of this inexpensive and effective means of dental disease prevention. Second, as a resident of the City of Renton and the father of a two- year-old boy, I am disturbed by the city's removal of water fluorida- tion without notification to its customers. We assumed the water was fluoridated and that our son was receiving its benefits during his teeth's early formative years. Please urge the Renton City Council to immediately implement water flouridation and ftther, if there is ever again any disruption in the flouridation of our water, to immediately notify all Renton residents. Thank you very much for your efforts on behalf of Renton water fluoridation. Sincerely, Kenneth G. Jo D.D.S. KGJ/jlb 314 SOUTH FOURTH AVENUE, KENT, WASHINGTON 98032 16213 141st S.E. Renton, Washington 98055 August 22, 1984 IN CARE OF: Mrs. Patricia Lavery Chairperson Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health 1100 N. 38th Renton, Washington 98056 TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: We are in support of fluoridating the City of Renton's water supply. Ninety—eight percent of the population is affected by tooth decay. Moreover, people living in non—fluoridated areas incur more dental problems and dental bills than people living in fluoridated areas. Fluoridation has been found to be effective in the prevention of dental caries. We would like to see our community's water supply be fluoridated. We believe this will improve our health and significantly impact our health care costs. Thank you for your attention to this public health matter. Sincerely, („;,,--,-100--: .6 Renfon School Disfrict 403 ,ri, Pt tki -i '� 435 Main Avenue South, Renton, Washington 98055 Va� 7.--)1 4 � May 2, 1984 To: Honorable Members of the City Council c/o Patricia Lavery 1100 N. 38th St. Renton, WA 98056 As a health care professional I am writing in support of the efforts to fluoridate the Renton water supply. Optimum health of Renton School District students is uppermost in the planning and delivery of health services by school nurses. Few other diseases can be so easily prevented as dental decay by a cost effective method of fluoridation of the water supply. Numerous studies have shown that fluoridation is a safe and effective method of gaining a 60% reduction in dental decay. The dental screening of students in grades K-6 which is done each year in the Renton Schools has shown that about 10% of the population have some dental problems. If fluoridation in all areas were a reality in Ibnton, there could be a signifi- cant decrease of pain, discomfort, and expenditure of money for dental care. Renton School District students deserve the best health care possible. Fluoridation of the water supply is one way to provide this needed health care. Sincerely, Pchi Ch 1� nnelycke J Program Administrator Health Services ma January 31, 1984 To the honorable members of the Renton City Council, In view of the information now available it is evident that controlled fluoridation of drinking water is a practical, effective, inexpensive, and safe public health measure. Numerous studies show that when water contains a fluoride level of approximately one part per million, children develop about sixty per- cent less dental decay. A sixty percent reduction in tooth decay for our children - not only in childhood, but for the rest of their lives - means thousands of dollars saved, pain avoided, and beauty preserved. We of the Highlands Preschool Association join others in our community in strongly endorsing a measure for the addition of fluoride to our water. We hope you are willing to give the children in our community the chance that YOU may have missed! • SinceFely��,ff Sue Landryr Pres Highlands Preschool Association 3604 NE 10th Court Renton, WA 98056 PHONE: 255-9422 February 29, 1984 Mrs. Patricia Lavery, Chairperson Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health 1100 N. 38th. Street Renton, WA 98056 Dear Mrs. Lavery: The Kennydale Elementary School PTA has received and read your letter, dated February 27, 1984, and Fluoridation. information. This letter is to inform you that we endorse fluoridation of the total of Renton's water system. It is a very important issue. We thank you for taking on the committee and for all your much needed efforts, as well as the efforts of those on your committee. Sincerely, -/eQA jeZe,„/ Pat Kodis, Co-President Kennydale PTA 1700 NE 28th. Street Renton, WA 98056 PK/kb Renton Park P.T.A. 16828 128th S.E., Renton, Washington 98055 Telephone(206) 235-2313 March 13, 1984 Mrs. Patricia Lavery, Chairperson Renton.,Citizens for Better Dental Health 1100 N. 38th Street Renton, Wa. 98056 Re. Flouridation Dear Mrs. Lavery, In response to your letter of February 27, 1984; we, the board of Renton Park PTA, lend you our support. We feel,._the flouidation program is a very worthwhile project. Sin erely, Pat McSwan, President Renton Park PTA • 19g41 - - - - --- - -- - - -Mane yoeA. /2 youe. 16ir e in9aegy,fic, LES- or. 714E Pi,9,us_ .. i 'U7 S�,c1l TGf ®ue - ,r ..-_ :Sup.4 Ove amerw tri mai 149c* s_ __.3/OGc,i4n • uJi416hAcy - = zuper z WDzu749772 r //I _ 014E c14' e -5'aPi%, a.40 - larize 1#1*-- eqy COUnc, amvai TX) ial-40 i s up okt_ ions o 6SPC-OVIelir Itf>bili '- - - .. 1t9c1.(0 t(-k-iu‘finw • yEy January 30, 1984 To Honorable Members of the Renton City Council, Fluoridation has been proven to be a safe and effective tooth decay prevention technique that benefits everyone, especially children. The dental benefits gained in childhood last a lifetime. Fluoridation benefits all economic levels , and with this protection everyone stands a chance for a lifetime of better dental health. We strongly endorse any measure to have fouoride added to the city water supply of Renton. Sincerely, qty:. Lynn Ferguso , President Maplewood Heights PTA May 9. 1984 Mrs. Patricia Lavery, Chairman Renton Citizens for Better Dental,Health 1100 N. 38th Street Renton ,Washington 98056 Dear Mrs. Lavery, It has some to Campbell Hill PTA's attention that there is a drive by the Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health to fluoridate Renton's water systems. • We are well aware that fluoridation of community water is proven safe, effective and an inexpensive health measure. • We, Campbell Hill PTA Board, supports the efforts by your committee to encourage the Renton City Council to adopt water fluoridation for the water systems of Renton. Sincerely, Freda Carroll, PTA President 9/1)A4 j jm-xvit KAAL-7-._.„, J • • • • • • • • April 9, 1984 • • • • • Mrs. Patricia Lavery, Chairperson Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health 1100 North 38th Street Renton, Washing-bon 98056 re.: . Fluoridation of the Renton Water Supply Dear Mrs. Lavery, • After polling our ,rembership and receiving only -favorable responses , Talbot Hill PTA is happyito• offer its endorsement to the fluoridation of Renton' s water supply. •. Sincerely, • • boy Poff, President �//� Talbot Hill PTA • 2300 Talbot Road South • Renton, .Washington 98055 JP/vlg Al......b s I A 4-0-it-4,-- . _ _ _ . ,7 i.0,„ , r- / 7 a ,y, Pg"0"...74-.06, - VV,A, . I! r • jai. ,a,,,,Az A....k...,:f.zc AL, 11......„6.,,,b . , aid ..A.A. h..t. ,,,,,i,,,..„ ..,4„.....tb, cr,,,z..44,set,..t N.. ..„, ., :" _1' qt' s,- ,i #002,14,, . . * 004%...(44.4.4,tk „:4-4, -----4---LeLitAft., ---0, ...te.-4/61... dviitA.:42-t. - ----j,...L.4.-- , -., - i gv: ch.....41.,' '-c. May 18, 1984 To the Honorable Members of the Renton City Council: I have a condition called osteoporosis which isa type of bone weakening or softening seen among the elderly. In 1970 while dress shopping, I looked into a mirror and noticed that my back was curving into a hunchback formation. I had no pain at that time. I went to an orthopaedic surgeon who after numerous scans and x-rays diagnosed my spine was gradually curving. In 1972 I was told it was now necessary to go into the hospital into traction. I was kept in the hospital for 4 weeks with 11-12 pound weights on each hip hoping to prevent the spine from curving any further. As part of my treatment, I was put on 10-12 fluoride tablets a day and told never to stop taking them. I was also told to take 10 calcium tablets a day. It is my personal opinion that if fluoride was an additive to water years ago, I would not have been afflicted with osteoporosis. Since the treatment of osteoporosis involves the daily ingestion of fluoride in large doses, I see more reason to believe in it's merits for keeping our bones and teeth healthy. I strongly believe fluoride should be added to the City of Renton water supply to benefit the health of all. Sincerely, Mrs. Selma Fitting 51 Burnett Ave. So. Apt. 412 Renton, Wa. 228-1769 • • •' at: HOMEOWNERS ASSOCIATION P.O. BOX 656 RENTON,WASHINGTON • 98055 March 13 , 1984 Mrs. Patricia Lavery, Chairperson Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health 1100 No. 38th St . Renton, Washington 98056 Dear Mrs. Lavery, The Rolling Hills Home Owners Association, out of concern for our public health, urges the City of Renton to immediately implement fluoride sup- plementation to Renton ' s water supply. Sincerely, 4904.44 'e akt,t,e-par,)-i • Robert R. Amundson, President Rolling Hills Homeowners Association cc May 7,1984 Mrs . Patricia Lavery 1100 No. 38th St. Renton, Wa. 98056 Dear Mrs. Lavery, Maplewood Heights Community is serviced by Water District #90 which is now fluoridated. The Maplewood Heights Maintainance Corporation is in support of water fluoridation in our community. Sincerely, ;, , / / i Ray Griffin President, Maplewood Hts. Maint. Corp. Association of Social & Health Services of South King County 305 S. 43rd • Renton, WA 98055 • 226-0210 March 9, 1984 Mrs. Patricia Lavery, Chairperson Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health 1100 N. 38th Renton, WA 98056 Dear Mrs. Lavery, It has been brought to the attention of our Association that your com- mittee, "Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health", is organizing an effort to add fluoride to the City of Renton water supply. Our Associ- ation is in support of your committee's efforts. The health benefits from adding appropriate amounts of fluoride to public water supplies has certainly been demonstrated in cities and towns throughout the United States. The Association of Social and Health Services of South King County is comprised of citizens, social and health agencies, churches and other community groups from South King County. The mission of the Association is to provide for the Unification of social and health services in South King County through coordination, planning, advocacy and active community.participation. Many members of the Association are from Renton. The issue of adding fluoride to the City of Renton water supply was discussed at a February 28, 1984 general membership meeting of our Associ- ation. It was unanimously agreed that the Association should take a psoition in support of any effort by your committeein securing fluori- dated water for residents in the City of Renton. Sincerely yours, AG_ Alf Phil Goldenman, President Association of Social & Health Services of South King County PH/blb May 4, 1984 Committee for Implementation of Fluoridation in Renton To whom it may concern: We, the members of the South King County Dental Hygiene Component, do fully support the placement of a Fluoride Ion into the public water supply for the city of Renton. Much research has shown that the incedence of carious lesions is greatly reduced in the population groups, especially for children, that live in areas where the optimum levels of an active Fluoride Ion are present in the water supply. The public cost of a Fluoridation program is- minimal com- pared to a publicly funded dental health program, so we feel this program to be very cost efficient also. Again, we heartily endorse the measure placing Fluoride Ion in the water supply in Renton. Meredith A. Kilpatrick R.D.H. Secretary VaIIeyCommunitg Clinic 11 O Williams Ave So Renton, WA 98055 February 9, 1984 Mrs. Patricia Lavery 1100 North 38th Street Renton, Washington 98056 Dear Mrs. Lavery: The Board of Directors and staff of the Valley Community Clinic are very pleased that a community-based group has been formed to work towards the fluoridation of Renton's water supply. This is one of the least expensive and most effective disease preventionmeasures available to our community. Your report, Fluoridation: The Time Is Now-. For Renton To Take Action, should provide some much needed background information on the subject. We recognize that some community education will be required to successfully complete this project and we feel that your group of interested local citizens is the ideal body to accomplish this task. The Valley Community Clinic serves a very low income population. Our patients do not have the financial means to utilize other methods of administering fluoride and we feel that they would benefit greatly from a fluoridated water supply. We hope that we can be of some assistance to you as you continue this most worthwhile project. It will not be easy to change local policies regarding fluoridation, but the prospect of a flouridated water supply and the health benefits that will bring to the community make the effort worthwhile. We appreciate your efforts and you can be assured that we will assist in whatever way we can. Sincerely, Jim Bauman Executive Director 226- 5536 or 246-0446 • • • STUART A. VENDELAND, D.D.S. • . VALLEY EAR NOSE $ THROAT CLINIC 1920 SOUTH PUGET'DRIVE RENTON,WASHINGTON 98055 • PHONE: 228-1033 • • . 12 January 1984 • • Jeanni Blonski 1908 N.E. 20th Renton, Washington Dear Jeanni, In response to your question regarding fluoride and whether it is beneficial; let me say: There is no doubt in my mind that the children I have seen in my practice thru the years have required less and less dental care because of caries. The diseased, missing, filled (DMF) tooth ratio has fallen significantly. The observations I have made in my practice can be sub— stantially documented and demonstrated tc be true. It is without ques— tion, that these changes are the direct result of fluoride in the water. I would like to see all water systems in the United States have fluoride added where needed. This is a very postive preventive health measure, beneficial to the entire population. If I can be of further assistance please do not hesitate to call. Yours for better dental health, Stuart A. Vendeland, D.D.S. SAV/mc • Rich Se D.D.S. General Dentistry July 23, 1984 • Mrs. Patricia Lavery 1100 North 38th Street Renton, Washington 98056 Dear Pat, I am writing in support of the effort to commence the flouridation of the Renton community water supply. I have been in private dental practice for 14 years. The first 10 years were in Burien/West Seattle, the last 4 years in Fairwood/Renton. Having practiced in communities with and without flouridation I have observed the following: 1: Since 1970 I have noticed an improvement in the dental health of the general public, especially the younger generation, which of course can be attributed to better awareness, hygiene, but in addition flouridation of water supplies. My feeling is that dental decay has decreased at least 50% in children and young adults. 2: A remarkable difference in the dental health between areas of flouridation and those not flouridated. There is a dramatic difference in the amount of dental disease between our patients from the Kent community and those of the Renton area. The difference is enough that if we see more than a minimal amount of decay in a child, we usually suspect that they are served by the Renton water supply. • 3: No ill effects directly attributable to the flouridation of. a water supply. Considering these results and benefits I encourage your efforts and give unqualified support to the flouridation of the water supply of our Renton comi5unity. Sincerely'yo A kiiej Ric D. Seims, D.D.S. RDS/sh Fairwood Commerce Center / 14300 S.E. Petrovitsky Blvd. Suite J• Renton, Washington 98055 (206) 226-2348 - By Appointment Only `f • Patrick L. McKenzie, D.D.n. P.S. West Veiw Building, Suite 102 • 1900 South Puget Drive • Renton, Washington 98055 • 228-1521 December 12, 1983 Patricia Lowery. 1100 North 38th Street . Renton, WA 98050 Dear Mrs . Lowey; ' . Thank you for your::'phone call to my office last week. The effectiveness of, the. use, of fluoride .in reducing dental de- cay has been proven inl'iterally:hundreds of studies in the United States , Europe and other /parts of the world. Par- ticularity useful is the fluordiation__of .public waters sup- plies as a public health.measure in areas where fluoride is not found naturally.'' Byjngesting fluoride regularily, it is then built into the 'entire enamel 'of the developing teeth of children, as opposed_'to only _the±outer layers of enamel, as happens when fluoride _is applied to the outside of already developed teeth. _ It has been proven beyond reasonable doubt that fluoridation of the water at. the recoMmended levels is safe for the entire population. That there should still be pockets' of resistance to fluori- dation speaks poorly for. us all . ,: I believe that this oppo- sition is led largely byloud fanatics andiquacks who total- ly oppose the world concensus of 'sound scientific knowledge . Too often their hysteria and peculiar brand of voodoo medi- cine seems to prevail at public hearings on matters such as water fluoridation-, ands perhaps we are:all' to blame for allow- ing this by not' participating in such hearings , etc. I would be happy to send, you the results of specific studies if you wish. Please let me know. Best wishes for a happy holiday. . Sincerely• , Patrick L. -McKenzie, D.D.S . —daniel n I'brien, dds. msd.- diplomat,american academy of pediatric dentistry December 6, 1983 Renton City Council 200 Mill Ave S enton, WA 98055 Dear Honorable Council Members: This letter is in support of the proposal to add fluoride to the area of Renton which is presently non-fluoridated in the Kenneydale area. It has been my experience in the practice of children's dentistry in the area for the last of ten years that if fluoride is added we would expect the decay rate of the children in the fluoridated area to be reduced by more than 50%. Over a period of a life time, this will reduce dental bills hundreds of dollars for each child. As you are aware the first cavity or filling in the tooth often leads to additional restorations or even crowns to be placed in later years. If the initial decay process can be prevented there will be a trememdous reduction in the discomfort, inconvenience, and cost of repair for these children. Certainly there is no more supplement or medication in the entire world which is more tested and shown to be more free of any side effects. Every medical organization including the World Health Organization, American Medical Association and the American Dental Association endorses this program. My best wishes for your careful deliberations. rely, 1410 Daniel N. O'Brien, DDS, MSD 0 0 N 400 South 38th Court / Renton,WA 98055 / (206) 255-6008 Ralph B. Culver D.D.S,P.S. Dentistry for children and teenagers January 4, 1953 To Whom It May Concern, In response to a phone call today regarding a Kennydale community effort to obtain fluoridation of the water supply, I certainly encourage your efforts to achieve this result. As a specialist of dentistry for children (Pedodontist) there is no question that the fluoridation has only positive results, that being to significantly reduce the incidence of dental caries of the primary and permanent dentitions. As a result of water fluoridation during the last years there has been a related reduction of time spent by dentists doing restorative dentistry. This is obvious to us all. Thank you. Sincerely, Ralph B. Culver, D.D.S. , P.S. 16651 108TH S.E. (Benson Highway) • Renton, Washington 98055 • (206)228-3246 J7 ' ‘°',41 7767/42,5, y .3. / C7e-; ...Paz64-7/ /c7'•b/PY1 2/ / 56' 9b' _/, , 4z--9 6// 9/7/17 7-11/172''I'C141 C2Y1 (7/-- c-S/ 9 c ?4... 5a - d' 4'77a9(7 e7,4,7 tyv .44/ r sexy .1-z,-;-z7 settmi •H tileutzex %la ()1114. L ITIL 4` < n 1/15 �,r� mac/ /, 1,/,',4,25 , 'f? JEFFREY C. HUEY, D.D.S., P.S. Family Dentistry April 10 , 1984 Patricia LQvery 1100 North 38th Street Renton, Washington 98056 Dear Honorable Members of the Renton City Council, I would like to strongly support the fluoridation of Renton ' s water supply. The evidence shows a positive corrolation in fluoridation and the decrease in dental disease . My patients also feel this is a high priority for them. Thank you for considering this matter. Sincerely, 111 - rey C. Huey, D.D. S. , P.S. JCH: smb 17900 Talbot Road South • Renton, WA 98055 • (206) 271-1727 DR.TOM i" DN. TOM CAWas� DENTISTRY FOR CHILDREN &YOUNG ADULTS i IS A KIDS' DENTIST To whom it may concern: Over the last 30 years no public health measure has been proven as safe and effective as fluoride in water for human consumption. Fluoridated water has been shown time and again to reduce dental decay by 50 - 60%. The greatest benefits are to children who drink fluoridated water as their permanent teeth are forming. No studies have ever shown that fluoride, in the proper ratios to prevent tooth decay, causes any human disease or disabil- ity. Fluoridation of water supplies has my unequivocal support. Si -ei /R. .Cawrse, D.D.S. 227 SOUTH 4TH PLACE 154 FRONT STREET NORTH RENTON, WASHINGTON 98055 ISSAQUAH, WASHINGTON 98027 PHONE (206) 255-5532 PHONE (206) 392-4048 ROBERT J. DUNNINGTON, D.D.S., P.S. 3915 Talbot Road South Practice Limited to Orthodontics 313 North Sprague Renton,Washington 98055 Ellensburg,Washington 98926 (206) 228-6410 (509) 962-6902 May 23, 1984 Pat't c La Lav ett y Chavtman RCBDH 1100 N. 38th St. Renton, Wa. 98055 To Renton Citizen's 4otc Bette Denta.. Health, I am wn i t..i,ng to exptte z my i appOtt t 6oti go dnidat i o n G,4 the water 4upp.ey he Le .in Renton. Ftowi Ldat ion. 04 owt watett Zupptey wowed be a good heath benei,i t .in many way's; not on.ey making teeth AtiLonget and mote ne6i4tant to decay but deciteat,,ing the incidence o4 orteopotoziz in the eedeitey. e2y, Robert J. Dann.ington RJD:db Robert W. Hancheroff, D.D.S., P.S. 340 Morris Avenue South Renton, Washington 98055 255-2551 March 27, 1984 Dear Honorable Members, of the Renton City Council, I urge you to adopt legislation to add flouride to the Renton City water supply. The benefits have been documented and proven over the years. The studies have shown that flouride can reduce cavities by at least 50-60%. I feel that this would be of great benefit to people of all ages in our community, a step towards better dental health for everyone. Sincerel , Dr. Robert W. Ha- cheroff RWH/dk ALAN F. WILSON, D.D.S., M.S.D., P.S. ORTHODONTIST THE SPRINGBROOK PROFESSIONAL PARK ❑ 17600 TALBOT ROAD SOUTH ❑ RENTON, WA 98055 ❑ (206) 226-2010 March 28, 1984 Patricia Lovery 1100 North 38th St Renton , WA 98056 Dear Honorable Members of the Renton City Council , I would like to stongly support flouridation in all the drinking water for the citizens of Renton. I know from discussion with my patients this is also a high priority for them. It represents a service which they feel the local government should and can financially afford to provide. Thank you for your consideration of this matter. Sincerely, UWE Alan F. Wilson, D.D.S. , M.S.D. , P.S. AFW:nrk cc: Dr. Ty Galvin JOHN T. HAl E, D.M.D. January 16, 1984 Committee for Implementation of Fluoridation of Renton City Water c/o Trish Lavery 1908 N. E. 20th Renton, Washington 98056 Dear Committeepersons: I have been practicing general dentistry in this location for over six years, and would hope to continue here for many years to come. Although the vast majority of my patients live in fluoridated water areas, it has always concerned me that those patients living in Renton proper do not receive enough fluoride in their water. I commend you on your efforts to once again bring the choice for fluoridation of the public water supply to the people of the City of Renton. I thank you for giving me the opportunity to write in favor of your efforts. I wholeheartedly support your work. I am convinced that fluoridation of water supplies in all communities is our first defense against dental car es. Please use this letter in any way which might promote your cause. Sincerely yours, Jofrn T. Hauge, D.M.D. j (/ SPRINGBROOK PROFESSIONAL PARK 17600 TALBOT ROAD SOUTH RENTON, WASHINGTON 98055 TELEPHONE(206) 226-1710 DR. DONALD B. SABOE 419 - 4TH AVENUE RENTON, WASHINGTON 98055 TELEPHONE AL 5-7633 af7P q�� r . ,. 44w:14 rtiL440.44.44.,et, .A43.4261_,4_ (31 'DLL 1-04- . An.telek.k. Aum_viza_ - 40' A.Leale42— • ita 27 70-2- dr,thL, f„,„2„j„,4 -14}) At?, _446 ici..4* c;i2 jtAA,19._ 4&4110.j AvityiLL.„6 1 y TY M. GALVIN, D.D.S. 344 Morris Avenue S. Renton,Washington 98055 Telephone:255-1661 March 14, 1984 To Whom It May Concern: I support the addition of fluoride to the drinking water of the entire city of Renton. A 50% reduction in tooth decay can be achieved if children are given controlled fluoride during infancy and childhood when their permanent teeth are forming. In fact, 53% of children under the age of fourteen who live in floridated areas have never had any decay. Floridation of water supplies is the most economical means of providing protection from decay to the most people possible. The only documented side effect of fluoride is found when the water concentration exceeds the optimal level of .7ppm, and that is a white spottiness of the teeth at fluoride levels of about 1 .4ppm and upwards. For health's sake, let's floridate Renton's water! Sincerely, Val ley-general Hospital Med icA Staff 400 SOUTH 43RD STREET/RENTON,WA 98055/206-228-3450 Medical Staff Officers: DANIEL D. HIATT, MD.,President/ROBERT H.CANCRO,MD., Vice-President MELL C.JACKSON, MD.Secretary/Treasurer/PHILIP J. REHNGREN, MD.,/BYRON V.TOOT,MD.,Members at Large Director of Medical Affairs:GEORGE W. MATHESON,MD. May 21 , 1984 Patricia Lavery, Chairman, Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee 1100 No. 38th St. Renton, Wa. 98056 Dear Ms. Lavery: The pediatric staff physicians of Valley Medical Center wholeheartedly support the efforts of your committee to bring about the fluoridation of the Renton water supply. The efficacy of water fluoridation in marked reduction of dental caries has been supported by many well designed studies . The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children be given fluoride supplementation from early infancy thru 16 years of age. Fluoridation of the water supply is safe and is a sound public health measure. Sincerely, adelA/ / . a .' /kW Charles G. Jac�ieon, Chief, Pediatrics Department CG i.� ' �,' h ,z(--he-14 tit P ;/, 0/444.44w p riA P l.‘i. a jr" arr.TA PUBLIC HOSPITAL DISTRICT#1 OF KING COUNTY Group Health Cooperative • of Puget Sound Renton Medical Center • 275 Bronson Way N.E. • Renton, WA 98055 • (206) 226-1620 May 17, 1984 Mr. Tim Burak Dental Program Coordinator Seattle King County Department of Public Health 400 Yesler Way Seattle, WA 98104 Dear Mr. Burak: The health benefits of fluoridated water are well known. We, the under- signed, fully support the fluoridation of the Renton water supplies. Sincerely, • Alan Fine., M.D. Chief of Staff ClatiM44,14 ,C-1721:: ', 0111 fine •- PA / , - rip , t 1(- 64/ o ' ioL)t IND ,nti ° / Ce/6,974- Gam: An equal emnlovment onnortunity emnlover BAIRD M. BARDARSON, M.D., INC., P.S. SUITE 102 4300 TALBOT ROAD SOUTH RENTON, WASHINGTON 98055 March 29, 1984 Renton City Council City of Renton Ms. Patricia Havery 1100 No. 38th Street Renton, Washington 98056 Dear Council Members: I understand that the issue of fluoridation of Renton City water is once again coming before you. At this time I would like to reiterate my stand that I think that this is a long overdue measure. The safety and positive health benefits of fluoridated water sup lies have been documented now over many years. cerely yours, aird M. Bardarson, M.D. BMB/gw UNITED BROTHEF,I IJOD OF CARPENTERS AND JC,II.FRS OF AMERICA ISSUED BY , AUTHORITY OC '• UNITEDBRoTRNig ./� ktoUNIT 150/RENTON LOCAL NO. 1797 231 North Burnett Renton,Washington 98055 9 June 18, 1984 Ms. Patricia Lavery, Chairperson Renton City Council C/0 Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health 1100 North 38th St. Renton, Wash. 98056 Dear Ms. Lavery: At a meeting held by Carpenters Local #1797, the membership requested that I write you concerning water fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to the dental health of the community. All members of the community benefit from water fluoridation. Children experience 60% less dental decay in fluoridated communities; adults who have grown up in fluoridated communities retain the dental benefits of their childhood. In addition to the dental benefits, the cost savings for families and individuals in the community is significant when compared to dental care rates in non-fluoridated communities. From a dental health perspective, fluoridation of the Renton water supply is highly desirable. We support the measureand will urge the Renton City Council to give the matter careful and favorable review. Very truly yours, :Z54t Heber W. Olsen POre Financial Sec.-Treas. & QF Lamm 9s0 Business Representatives ;�� a w ' z .. Oat HWO/no opeiu8 mimeo. A • t 'ski:. AVa:April 26, 1984 TO: Renton City Council via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health. ' V •Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson .y ry RE: ,Dentists in Support of Fluoridation of the Renton Water Supply a" We, the undersigned, are dentists practicing in the Renton county and/or ':. our patient group is comprised largely of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to the dental health of the community. All members of the community benefit from water fluoridation; children , experience 60 percent less dental decay in fluoridated communities; , adults who have grown up in fluoridated communities retain the dental 4 benefits of their childhood; the elderly exhibit more retained teeth , and far fewer dentures. y.'. In addition to the dental benefits, the cost savings for families and individuals in the community is significant when compared to dental care expenditures in non-fluoridated communities. From a dental health perspective, fluoridation of the Renton water supply is highly desirable. We support the measure and will urge the Renton City Council to give the matter careful and favorable review. �J Signatures Address b� 0Y 3'4 ul Q -- ---------- tilefe- _... .._. .C- �% _�J_Aos_-A$ ------ ___- 200 .... 3 R U.P, -Ace,_ .Qn-. 4I)A_S i-E. 4 8 0 5S Y - ii„,,____1z , 1 _ z4Z Par' & wA- gBoss- - � A 2 C - 1,,„). /. I .- i):D� 14I.12d...O c,Lc/ 7/6o2 -/I ,4,7k»,-i- '70e<Ss--- ' %Ali - . , 1 I , _____L_„, , , / / - --- :47.4��L =; --�- --` -------___ _______ 1070 ��-J 1 L(=- �,,4- '"- • 70�" ---- _. \-.k); 0+-c - ill - X300 Tc,11,o S, Ste;3J�f -e��,-...__ W�, cine- 5--- ,t 111 . � „l VY i� April 26, 1984 ;.` ty g' TO: Renton City Council via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health , , 4.''r Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson RE: Dentists in Support of Fluoridation ofthe 'Renton. Water Supply 34 .1 We, the undersigned, are dentists practicing in the Renton county and/Or ; afi.;, our patient group is comprised largely of Renton residents. We support 3� 4 water fluoridation as a benefit to the dental health of the community. 'A• All members of the community benefit from water fluoridation: children .', experience 60 percent less dental decay in fluoridated communities; �`' adults who have grown up in fluoridated communities retain the dental X'i benefits of their childhood; the elderly exhibit more retained teeth , . , , and far fewer dentures. i ; • x. In addition to the dental benefits, the cost savings for families and individuals in the community is significant when compared to dental ° care expenditures in non-fluoridated communities. From a dental health perspective, fluoridation of the Renton water supply ;,:• is highly desirable. We support the measure and will urge the Renton City Council to ! - the matter •careful and favorable review. ` S >, ��._.� Address f A- 1 emirk , -, % \., AI'Cti). I-1_(„._o:" I a,\X.,,X7R-e.Li-s- -AL, c— —', /moi / •rAw•L"— ' ,1-5.,As;._\ - liz- C: Atm4-z-7:' eiLc_.e —/,.., .........— i ---- - / , --_,-._5 300 __PA( _ .„ ;4:>` T. = � ./ _.2,Z;_____ ___ — ISO PaAg Lazy .. 1. -, ' r "s (9(ewl11A,ons 6-'� -e, , gip, / , — /14°-:,.' - stir - _ .. —_•_a..c__.L'_L.�_ +` V(/� - 7• �- e i . M laK oe. T .- --,-,.- ____,O.4)_____ `? - ` 4>__5 - 462_ " C�..zy7 .� a_b ,,w' i�ir "� _ D(� s. k;-6�-10`r.�` - testi-- ,L,Ub °01 0 Y. J ;- DP_) �_ _ /6 5-7 (vg1' 36 62cLAv�.k) ` 9,3?__ _1 1} To: Renton City Councid., via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377) From: Renton residentof the Renton water supply° We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We aunpor±wwtee s - - •- . ---_.k. .. v. , . All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation - children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and, as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SIGNATURE ADDRESS ka . f — \i c. �� C_)st. )ZI\VT- ,*-' Dy i ,�-Clj • _ l\'3 ) vArNAear \VdA, • ' vo \* C\ Li,&„,,,), ' (24 �8// Al z- S/AI ez 2�� glia. fid 54 u��1 W' 44*1. U1\ ' ok,ilid ();2,1 �011 _ ggt65 l0,, 1 c 3 604,,IU E /,_5-i� 6`7— gc e) `=-7 /,. ,,7), __\ ,(V ' k)- L/#27 ZOI. tE- ( r6(-1 c 1") , , 9 - c� 53-- -:'3L.(1.9_:,__9_ Fl„, . , S 5 i�;- �- .mac . )4A s � , ,sk . ,,,J-0,(1 ) `t f_-, ;..,.-_ c i i 1 AntA I • Arc :1 . (11'L ---V- (-2'..2--z A-,/---4 k..,Ai''. -—_ For 4_ez4,56e4,0-c> . _..... _ (97 9-s 3:o 3-_5- ,_?0,-e2 ,- ,5-..c t.,,;(,/, 04__ • 70c--45D. crri / / ajgiug. ,,i,„1._. 1 . u ,,, 4 (fin fka---1 --7() i/A- ' - S 1 49- ciE6. .___ -mt./356) f/Vl/YYl rn -3c'ina i 4(14 ,l--�'/.W-y v 5 � I.LL,_.-ci:(g (i",? (...)7 tc/w,7-,)y.z.t.), 67 i es":-7-- qi2ir, toe, � IVA - \ \1 .\\ \ \) ° V. 6k55\Rp . ' moi' life� -c-- /�6�"�"7 �C/ - .d*-TI,,wiiSik.mitimi1M- _. k_ c. c- . . f'7 .• ,//ke�/t. . �S maw&„A L () nv -if ' ' A'i' \ %MOE. ' 14 6 . . ....... N.- .ZeCele.7g> -4%.; ,,,4 , rt oi--- &-h- -- e s,- W . 1 i'a4 6,, fis,,,74 1671(-7) /36 Ft Jay._46 _ ? gs- 0 e:es pill(......A j2, ) 137 pc(74,,JA„..7 _,:,. , _- , - - . .,. il-bl / , , --m fo "l n ei r-)6/ ecm po 5 20_ 5-- ,, ; ib Dry+ , _ 7 To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health g Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377) From: Banton rAq;mAnts. in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the nnriersigned, are City of Renton residents. heElPthiloliritat*-; flvoiid&tion.as a benefit to our community's dental members of the community benefit from water fluoridation - children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SIGNATURE ADDRESS � `CVL/1 L' \C ,,r/yii 2 ?2D !/ ;,,, z- 6._ei,e__ E (---:-*>;)„"&:,---c-f-__)' M -/-n1A-AIL-P----,--6-7,' c-)(2 61-6 a IL( ,-40 C S GI'g '141/4 q_---4.1--:-, ' - ' <,V.i 1(1 2) ti..."), 1 4 3)/ (0' ST . ..' A C:. - ---- �L )3)% ' . Q mn p_xz \0,„ 499 -i) v . . .! ire 1 (000 in Ok GL oil G$ )55 (...e ,iicr tiLini/73 SSCP ,,frAeLx cuLP fp,£ . ' y) ?NOW JQ k ) 0/ ,4eP; 17Kno ./z7/0L) q (n ,\. cFyv .qr , k0(f,, -,- er-. _ 0( 1 6 — / 0 kti pL s-E k_.a,„-(, • cicP 0 / "f I I 1 A.1-- SG D .. ted I . ., i v • , _ A '12!7' qgv , (--'_fie -atAro 1% \ 03 fl i s 5 kLeia1 g- %03L aloe a •0 (' 'IL4e ,,T7 SZ1)1 5 d?Zit . 14,,t P�gin.nv\ / /\P -.5.0,1) ,- c,E_ . 5illAIAZoN `� C --;;_, (` - n(64 1.1,i s./ ,NL 06-57 cell ` �(! PS . 6(al: At i Q0-‘1( / 1-0er 'AY / -- --/t5(-7--- (70, --i4v1 i /, - � f ^31 - .b Ziac 633(L( I ,' (C-A(1 A 3'2,/ v / Or--- - Ki Ci-NV)\,1 4--- - u,{4 " OP c +6,- 'Q. 51'r-9ir,60,-c-c-) f CZ)%07161 , A4/ > / . ; .11 n diq . liti,"05W /16a 120 1/ 46 gv - _ kik- `/P/7°, i► `..t; \ a. • /\ terv . 110 v r' To: Renton City Cou :.LI, via Renton Citizens for Bettor Dental Health j Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377) From:, Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We s_upport water_ fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. A11 the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation - children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SI9Ni URE ADDRESS ry <-, , / /77�1‘ r d. sf E � z, 98D<sl ' g'�= . ��/ � ke � Gittiz-7 ®St co k k . . e ),t_J\S ✓''GC��4;r'r 02 me/VibF 7 (l r'. i(-') -7 /y i Z'7 C n cffO 5 ij4C/G- Z-6-4- /9 i9 .5�- /4141--1 :167- r'?a.;,-_'- - (i X57 C;,.., •1 . . ::.3, 3e-e,-0 Ze-,1 05,,,ridie, A--:-w e.,,,q>,- --,, ( ' ,, • ,r A 0,y7 /1,1-, iO//�` J A��—Y/l.cti.t_) 4i 1 l , P /1 ZS 05 ; .�, -__Rete--, I It . E . ),,60 Kfir (1031./ .-, e I_,e_cf. „.VLI.I .5 ,,-)0,,J ,-_-_.; ..i;_ ,_.- . ‘-- li:,./4,1v#1., c/VOk-)" /7,74, 1- - J- )/, (./ :-%,y_721,_.- Ag,mitit,d_ t302,2; ( >14--iG--L . Zeer6 i)eq-A-' /0/6490,5-3 n _ c` ii _ I h! 4.d. .• Lr. ` /4 \ 'w:':�' it Loi We? 42:311‘ !fiAW.A, \ NUOVISU .,1 -16`:--1. acY'r- - ilifC ' eQAAt. ao&/31/ / qeO3 ' 90-. 2„-at9 o9 V •C, . SP l Axe , 9.71) -- 7c ,:.,1 -- JO1Qrc �1 �r.J� .�Ild i '"K J�) � / l��!1.J C�� LJ.�/� �� ".a1_,l V d I wa geasR0 Ffvt)q A-,k,_,A k,r)--r A 1-7,--1 iqc2,--- ci ).:),-,. ./:!. ~0 �i•r,.._•.. \ z- I,?- b I ?LI �(--k_c 2 3 • tusk_, wb c ( I )4)\:/:0„ '' k 3 1)).:'F.-t) 1)). 1k2A\-\esiN,) L\ 6. 1905-4 /F'!i sir I lit_ 4 • :v ) Lila--a. E. 0/ . (XntrO 727(toueff pi . 0_ Iv , 0-, It __L Ail I )/� / Ay-__ llLYv Q To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health .,27,,: Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-037.7) From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply° We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support _w_tter fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation - children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SIGNATURE ADDRESS _i�./ 7)a ii7 est 24 //9M U� `Po.u )K? . qYr 7J P- I.._2 0 , 0; t c. 9 i,-" A ` ', P, epiv(,,,,, , / ,(7?Y5.- ,- Wtii (LA(,( , Ii c)h�� .-t- 1 . l 064 Aue sr. c, (. `fp() - 4,i -in _ 6/A.4. .(267V5(D //' ','(;.: ' i ( E #/(43- #-/z-/ 4 (-2 i/e3 7,&,,,/,/,/ ,,,iF)(/,m (A7ipAN) 1 0 i i()); \--40A--k? -(70 ---k-fah iL r .Lel Q -�� \ \ )0 gjQC �'ol\ ur` U t T) \ \_k_i( DC,g_t ,.,,_.' , r. --7(0 Li As&w\ b-wl 6 AA ik/C g_bc--0,,,,, v),k, /(O A: 4 (, v_1A //27 406'( r•Jt1r-/U h / 4,(JF ,�< ()\./:( . "r Noah/ fE5wh /` 3 SE /76 W4. 'O •f�.ey r ; �4r -f6 ,(1 ) i ii , ��61-3/ �. LM. J ft- 7L07( 0 r CU- T r Lelo3 bil u1Y` A/W Ne .e. i L Iti-yi cru 411 ' .rLate L-Wk -11.2 -1/ --- /6.7( / '40)1JAVYN'Ip5Y) ild Alf, Rem6y, Wo5-(-, ti _,,,0 w,.., ( f_, Rttin 41Q0 ,Thiz 34-d Sr- ,,k),/_,--, ,-. , / (f3 ., k)0') 4/Rt 4 -1 .r/r.q /VP 7(5, E/Jh re _ f;m0'-w . qgob-g .F 2x.J f 0,66-f777,_ ) — S.E- , �, / ,g-f/rg:-1 ,s" C /0 40J\1\ \ 1 n S R 1�1 rnkc 1e v S c� P- --6-&-7_ 5S-VS' `f"t,^ct 0 e{ 1 (..._0 b�tR'i CrvQ;) i 4S PC-, rr"dvNa. •/s,\A- An C . v s al-\- Nkl• 'N U � \1 a`C C , U''\\,r^-\ faIvi:a:rrr..■ urLf■ toitiii _ _,4/ 1 , , July 25, 1984 To Whom it May Concern: As one who is involvedin the health care field, I am familiar with the advantages that fluoride givesto human health. Primarily, it combines with Hydroxyapatite in teeth to form more perfect crystal which resists the acid attack of dental caries. This, of course, benefits children as they develop their permanent teeth. On the adult side, there are studiesthat show where elder populations have less .tendncy towards osteoporosis ( or .bone softening) when those populations live in an area of Fluorinated Drinking Water, Vs. other populations of elderly people who don't . ; In short,.._there is little doubt as to the validity of having Fluoride in the human diet for- Good Health'.. As to the question of whether or not Fluoride should beadded to our drinking water, Why Not? l:.) it does human life no harm: unless consumed in toxic concentrations (there is nothing on earth good for us in toxic concentrations) . 2. ) It would save those people, who wanted Fluoride, money as they would not have to buy prescriptions containing Fluoride. (me .included) 3. ) It would save all people possible future dental bills, if . this preventive measure were used. I would like to see Fluoride in my childrens° drinking water., If this letter has influenced anyone in this direction, then it has served its purpose. Sincerely, Arthur M. Sweeten R.Fh: :,...- Daas PR-eri-or>, WA, qbc-S-(c) `~ Iho►�e'. arl -. 9b bt4 June 20, 1981+ TO: Renton City Council via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson RE: Physicians in Support of Fluoridation of the Renton Water Supply We, the undersigned, are physicians practicing in the Renton area and/or our patient group is comprised largely of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to the dental health of the community. All members of the community benefit from water fluoridation: children experience 60 per- cent less dental decay in fluoridated communities; adults ..who have grown up in fluoridated communities retain the dental benefits of their childhood; the elderly exhibit more retained teeth and far fewer dentures. All of these factors condtri- bute to improved health for residents of areas with fluoridated water. In addition to the dental benefits, the cost savings for families and individuals in the community is significant when compared to dental care expenditures in non- fluoridated communities. From a health perspective, fluoridation of the Renton water supply is highly desirable. We support the measure and will urge the Renton City Council to give the matter careful and favorable review. Signatures Address cr �1l CYC ( £ e-{ -cep - ,444' At),- rt. vi-i M41,— St 17 5 In PL-nl iird q , ,l�.r r,ei : &,uh VU. 4 l`tAb /VvlD /off=? K6✓(cIa,, , iv E- q0o 4 • J v 0 June 20, 1981+ TO: Renton City Council via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson RE: Physicians in Support of Fluoridation of the Renton Water Supply We, the undersigned, are physicians practicing in the Renton area and/or our patient group is comprised largely of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to the dental health of the community. All members of the community benefit from water fluoridation: children experience 60 per- cent less dental decay in fluoridated communities; adults who have grown up in fluoridated communities retain the dental benefits of their childhood; the elderly exhibit more retained teeth and far fewer dentures. All of these factors condtri- bute to improved health for residents of areas with fluoridated water. In addition to the dental benefits, the cost savings for families and individuals in the community is significant when compared to dental care expenditures in non- , fluoridated communities. From a health perspective, fluoridation of the Renton water supply is highly desirable. We support the measure and will urge the Renton City Council to give the matter careful and favorable review. Signature(- ----(2/ Address JAI "---t—'1\11-CX4361 Talbot Road South, Renton 98055 -;, 411 Strander Blvd. , #101 , Seattle 98188 To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Metter Dental Health Committee., Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). Prom: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60j less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping . their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SICNATURE ADDRESS 0 To: Renton City CouJ.1, via Renton Citizens for Bettor Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377) From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit.from water fluoridation - children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SIGNATURE ADDRESS •= f .04iZ-A • (,47.114. c_3F_ /j11_LA/Y1 9 2-325o 5. . J )/\- r_v5►2vi 12_, SC> s. E Is*h ZED &17.ae/' /z- 00011* - Prn c5F: (56til �► i iv,/lAA- • /i/ 7 so. (1 , /�� 7 5 . / ' ' 4-&2f)0.4iJnOt) iu .,, , _ / 1Z3C SdT //0 (3)10d9/-6-,-) ,i,e/t.z.4„_,&‘.1<uo-tAAK / / 0-2).• Al 3 • • if • • To: Renton City Council, via 'Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health • • Committee, . Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. • • We, the undersigned, are City of. Renton residents. We support- water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water' fluoridation- children have 40-60less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby . reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: • SICNATURE ADDRESS " - - _ 2 Vic= _feel 4t,taipi re ._ . %� '_._�-------------- 1-1.1 i__ Mot2.i215._ Av_.k�5:,.__Raw-coo__9 So_5-S To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. . We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60 less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned., support the addition of fluoride to our water. supply: ;3dCNATURE, ADDRESS . //j .J _ - �' .3 LI .5:E /(y-!k RisoT010._ t9g0,58. ' Laid, / l�3 3 /d P4 _._lax._._yer " f.0.3_/ )' he-. -- &2A- 9xe)..< ,- 21 �G/tBGLC �7 /-j C1 O / G C� ,Ci% � ,,��;> - - aha s Mel-)--1,1 v vo S f i . rn Ye65 rte+•, 'i .rig - ....`� � ,g • To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health • Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377).' • From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. • • • We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. •We support .water • • fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60 less tooth decay, and as adults 'retain the benefits by keeping • their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are 'thereby reduced for the entire family. • We, the undersigned, • support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SICNATUllJ ADDRESS • • aI , .. • leo 7 • S . r 75 f ,eerit .q y2 _ . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • r • • To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). From:. Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. • We, the undersigned,i,are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our ,community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. • We, the undersigned support the addition .of fluoride to our water supply: ( tel sc; • SICNATURE ADDRESS --- Pluto- sodic. --_ - LE ((v L i►ter v rL v __Dr• )...�-N\ Y44-:-FLC--q-ALY • a . 165(0_2., 16/051 p1 .5 a • �AQL 1-064r1 • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60(/ less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer ,and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. ',We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: S CNATU}ll ADDRESS • :e, JZ6 , 4nr/ _______10/,a1,,,s2,21e_</- .-n6...1.2/2.„(7a.,_ (4.)c,. hir -- - - - 'E ;- - - - /03..1_.2_'--1.�6-:.- 5 E-t._1 ' 9R$ . To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). - From: Renton residents in support • of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. i We, the undersigned, . are City of Renton residents. We support water' fluoridation as a benefit to our .community'.s dental health. All the members of the community benefit- from _water fluoridation—children have 40-60% less:tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer 'and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the •entire family. We, the undersigned', support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SICNATURE I ADDRESS . 44____-4- 0r% _ opt___-c>1p--o--0H.6Y - .-fie P -----�C ._ ------ t..--� 05 - Ar, - 1._. h► , i"Ai PASS •_ A. e - a off.—. - • , c.l._k_.- 0 _1\ ,_ Os :csjk_S-Sig_ it,[151 .- - 0-0- .0 d\- 140-E\- v.N. ._.,Fce. _.1"- i�ke��r,_/ 1./(_ s 216' 66E-4- 7 'e -- ,z1 :__2,e_z_ te 4 .-0 oe>5 Cc inGr a � " p .,r 7414 -.;"-t-o-z,0 /70/ 476: T9 --- -`_......_ q 3 gam . QVa . .i1.° ; 4 _ Li.7:i, /4;06 3. 06i6/ / q$CB-2; . . ... =ate irk-. _dab n __ �► =fir. sE- ie// ,.. 9��-- / / °_ • 0,/' ,/.� 202 o cv t�ve 5; i.-2.6z- 7 P/f2Y-c -i Yee 5 5 11 0. # .._a -__ 44. t !IL I 1 ?U - !''_01 A* , q k)5 , r ` cif �`�`'___OLA� — .;=,bG! e1c2zc tc(z Payrt Lyn< -fix'f(pogteWenSt),q 0e) 7-7-ia'J C____tddikILIZ.. .q �' . , • v,,e _. _:t 7?Lr6 0�s, 0 C U� ¶. 9 ; . -i- cot - /•_ �'/ _._ , _.• __ 3/// S E 0 Lf, Cf, CCSv J�� _. _ --/i_g_1 _Ai 3. /fie.,... �� 94,051, To: Renton City Council, via Renton, Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned!, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60/ less tooth decay, andas adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition, of fluoride to our water supply: SIC* ,TURE ADDRESS , 4. .r 1 . G�1�1�P111 l _.._3/7 7 •6-T-4 T/¢__- /;:tz Tj /AM; :r0- -•� �y- l��lO /Q '71H t- 5.6> a-,c> SOS `0"'`e,,-ed'-��' _ 1 IZ S-cc- _ - - c : 9.e04. rr !/, -. _ drjlza2-tetw), l lAe e /4 /L _ - - ®cs7 To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee,, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60;4 less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefitsby keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of -fluoride to our water supply: =NATURE ADDRESS ,r To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). Prom: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the.community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60% less tooth Iecay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SICNATUR?; ADDRESS i. • - To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). • From: Renton residents in, support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit .from water fluoridation- .children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby 1 reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: i STC NATURE j ADDRESS . .A . - _..._:_j-76fd....J1 l S - fi-- Ai) �- _ �-- As:r �1a `/i..c-.-moi `-,•-i-- A/ 1 - :� /6%*(21,57 g5_ -- ----. b4.1 . 6?2' .._./. ":.0-,..c_.c /4340 /n'1/74 5 e • ,- /G/-1 .7-- e," ✓+ / g- g 5.57t ` "`' ...__ URI_-` 8055'. .__ /_,._. ' die, �,Z2, i ._-.c'.... r/__ Y 90/77, . 111P414 i .i.,-._ _ __._.._._17a - ,.54 4 '_ Aif-.14.2, _-_ ' // .._, TIES____ -� . ,1 ; C 7 Pt. - _._7_.&-0.-04.49:14 _7____ " _ ,/' , rbc . ._L �. - : ` // 7 P r /5/-7 Ad Qe._ . , . . (,-- 9_,,,77-,. , a-a_' - ' 9.47.6),s---,, re P_tp_,^� 3/61//__ s'. 5 5' f1, ,2_ n a .?c) N ,- , itl, JI- � _ 3// J / 5T ifk) l A) We)SC it . ‹��' /-c-/V -/O L,• 60) • Pr. • r • • To: Renton City Council,. via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). • Prom: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. • We, the undersigned, ,are City of Renton residents. We support water_ fluoridation as a benefit. to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation— children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the. benefits by keeping • their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby • • reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned,_isupport the addition of fluoride to our water supply: Si NATURE ADDRESS • _t • p - ` � N To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson /255~0377\, . . From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. � We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We supportwat/ fluoridation as a blenefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the - water ^+�"��^�v/^- children have less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer land requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby � reduced for the entire family. We, theundersignedsupport the addition of fluoride to our water supply: \ 01 C,41LITILI,, ADDRESS i "- -�4Y— \Ile y ' i _ _�-_-_--~ . ` | ��------ -----------' -------- --------' ! ----------- -_______ - __- - _______ _____-__ -- ' _-___ _ To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). From Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned,. are City of.Renton. residents. We support water fluoridation as a blenefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60y% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: i =NATURE ADDRESS 1421Lef' -------.______ quo _AL/ 44(/- r-• L��----�__e ez --- '��,-- o.._� ©sem� R l7R"ice " � - � .� �_----.----------_--- -�,�� ..�� _'em s . /cNa e1 ��/_ !__ _14 S. f u -r 1�� To: Renton City Council., via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). From: Renton residents in supportof fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60J less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned,i support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SICNATURE ADDRESS •---- � . ,l 1 -- 414/±<04----7-SW5T- : ./ = i _. % 19 s eaten a e-e <S',L #/c-aiu 410n _ 1 CLAk tom'_ --r III- tMb • p ---- - - y _ „ " To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). Prom: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned,' are City of Renton'residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SICNATURE ADDRESS =:::-.AL-P::1-1 (74,C4(K-f4-CC L4 (-I 2- tiO t'A-I A S13.0- L ijV 14-) t (2.-e-- -1--• ("---:1-16 / aga r r _ ?/..__. - . 3"1.2 . atia,f_____ _ _________,A2‘_" vArr._ _,A.3-a/0 VC /drez— , dye, / elAilliP-- , i. -, - - 9.4.1/-40- --C;)•, ��' *, _„2441,,xce,e�OGf _1 t#4_11- n • /" 6 , _.. /ii cI-/ S_r di v_ 'G •- - _ kcl!ro ii./ r, jj : : ' To: Renton City, Council, via Renton Citizens• for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). Prom: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water • supply. We, the undersigned,, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60% less tooth decay,' and as adults. retain.the benefits by keeping . their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby . ' reduced for the entire family. 'de, the. undersigned,' supporti'the addition of fluoride to our water supply.: S I C HATU1?I, ADDRESS / . '., f/' /__X. ,Lra,, ., — /(7szei, c___ "_,s--2),__.---_, ,,,21-06.,.0,,, . . . "of a. .7/-.: :.....„.j/. /4/ow ser-- mth ,.i xi, i., aja MO55-. . - Ilt---- -. - -------3, .-_�4 1._ -z;4_,- - - ..v.. Gid S r lir i •• 06.1.5 �r. _a 0l2 ..r+ • c_...., I". 1,_.,3-- _.: _--- / 7 j �`CPmd i6d,-14 _ toy ?d'©.s--6-- • '''.:..Lz,_,,, • Q..li- ___. ______n_au,___ _E_ 119-9 0-elf\i AkiNA, U(D,,.`14, N,>.__ _-- ._ ' / 165_6%__�._._l_gi --- ._ _e� 1,--_.- _g —, f- .,"_'_ `..:_._ !..� �_ _.c2o1DJl - (ELP C1c�-cam c , - .,.._71-0..„ &L- . '-Tscc & t. (du m ✓ , ,....,.: ..0 ( L2. 3 2 - s--6-(e.7— "4z-_ "b. - +_`-`- -e- ,.._.. -___._i_`f„ss cS_. +�71c. c t_,c.r,o-e , e A ZeIa 9 ?L-.,Ls-8 13 irn -Tk.�w,.us L,& .. .36)? • N -,:k.,,,,. L)c- 7 F©_ SS O 1 a�- - 30 o_Q sEP Ails fila 9 649.94-5P. 1 ...,A__1:-InU .._ . !�-7 43 Si- . -)k ° lev (A) ac q / • (`w' _ _`'1sbalet,44.5 LO- /7'S 2`7 MK S &Le- c15-,_"4.---.3. ReAL: t aa 406 • cit.r v t '_ - r'? 22. 50 S.,2 p! (it o i )li 9goS If -., �- r . ,, ' =----=3 , v , ��. /1 g as 'y ' .i:I_ . ,V ., �1! To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health. Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377), . From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned', are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health.. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60 less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: STC:?ATURE ADDRESS '441.L pe ef-- 4 4s, A/ Xeellr 11 1..Oa— 257 To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for. Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). Prom: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of. the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60 , less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. - 'de, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: STCi?ATUR ADDRESS • .41.r 'e-t.,. .4. -----:___ A26 7 #11/ O.v..--c itThe,..4-- .0(&"- AIPA/OA .,_ .1_ 1_,,.. 0 _ A:cc_ __ _..._. ____ 11-0-0 se r3q--cli _ i,t5)N_ q(os- ...�. .. f � (5,../5-_ __5 - — 4?. - ,d3'." 2 . - . , iv- `_ � G_� 1. _e? ._D4 t IG►�_ ib.07,i, P. �' , .._.. / �__ �':).�....��/--dd- - . .__-�- ---_......� �-yam ----- - d6 - gr: ' -,-_-::-,•'.. , ____L___ _ //yob'-.-._3-7.7 r.2_ _.._=%f' a;;. .,/,, rdvrrC_ ..-4,,,....... I 4 ..,,,id- 2-3 ►'z - q . ,_ ,- �- 9 cos-4 :.,I . ' -� �.- -a 2 --�, P) (P _JI_ e ti4 _9 '!1 - --- - i .:v fcJ g as-- -- /2 _ L /<., &7? _9fc , #liw .., , _ • , - E . (.1-4Th ' ___ee l'ilAwL- .,0_0,-- 941(6, vr =g g'—._- ,2,2, 0 D--,,x,,rs- et 5:i. V jityr 3 mss. \ -_ - ---- - \ 4-2..y.‘_-.\T l%1 : ._. .._ 2 ten-4. ` cs 6 ;476,,..c.a____(A)i- i,, ,L1-1,____________L 5.7., .ap-)17--e'rev 4-1Ae.)).1. Re, ri4 v os--4, ,,,, .. �i4 . _ ti�Zod�1h.._. 1 wb of _&d ,3 1E. ti( , 9' O5 71� . Adi ±5_,40--___0-__—______3_2_40_4_(/-9&-L1 a--e. '77. 6r-0-...,.2/37,4_, 9 8 Al--6 lL305 Se. B-5'-°-- `Ke_.,,,POn .7 oSc . - 7 -7/7/6__Ozz_g.if _13_0. 3.1(--_lig-4,7‘,,, 2'?PO c,6 ,t ;;, -.__...-________LUI L/Ile P/. SE 4�. y S 6 I►__ �_/c 7`i9 v '�( r tii.� ?4() 6 �� C�� ►, _ - ____J1192- '-• 1 `L-- t i Sc� To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health • Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). Prom: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City. of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-6051, less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiringfewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. Je, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: di' .. NATURE ADDRESS f// A TG ��-- _-__ ( � -�L!�%X/q,59,:: ?CEJ 3 • & J ±b - �...-.I�? L9 -----I -= �?Se �-3 R .4713. `l�S'as / —17-E...5i /407 noltA c3;2,1c( seA,41. , • Li • /60 , Uva - r 1 ,, 'Joao I - - (? Q 0-4)—c R= °, 7:ca b 1r To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson. (255-0377). • From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation— children have 40-60 less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced .for'the entire family. ' We, the undersigned', support the addition of fluoride to our water supply; SI C NATURE ADDRESS ," t. --X01 --_ral� 1_.L._ =_ :-.9_- op, Co I I /0 -07 Cres-1_04_4 fir$ S l�c _qvAt --- I ' Oai v7a7N /0411 S _ - - Jttac:i_fid. . cf-e-.&c- (f ) j 11,522. ( al nue. fWC1 c)r� � � �-< • eizddru 900S5- r . To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). Prom: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the. Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SICNATURE ADDRESS eia=v,A, L í77s'7E777ris 4 at IV -rn. _.,a0;90_14,reu-1,4=tal,t-t So:41.-1 1,3- gancizel cisoSs- , yrkke' et2 4L- 97A-S Wibunp„. 1-- • ItTiW ii ' 7- 150/V avokry,, _9koc-e 3OO s Ab5t5-17;-- jx)44_, > p , 3-: t I • p-)14 RYY\ 60E?`,) . 7 .e _zuzzect____ tozat_ 9,9q14 le:di 1 .• • )' /4) (4;4414_ CZ5 AC r:A 4- 4 40' • • Br._. /9g ':2107-0A3 WA. Wo.c-3 , a(i r/6 ci 7 11 Jefe3 fied-,-77 t'd ___ • — —de lig; a. 9; 967,5 f , 14 A, (1 p , 4./L- ",11 / t, /66.v/ ' ?)Lt nrAl° A4 , = //i0-- 7OiTP •dr' 54/ L 4.1 ) iii, . . . . ,. • ir To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health .Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). • From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water • supply. • We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-00,- less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for -the entire .family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SICHATUJD ADDRESS �.��.6 g .. /2z A/ S 2-74A-. - 986,5 • f. t / To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). From': Renton residents in support of fluoridation of. the Renton water supply.. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support. water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's_ dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-6(V less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water. supply: =NATURE ATURE ADDRESS _ -='4`•=;44-#11-- Ci---Atek - _ /7 7_ ?Z !Loeb i__ i2 ,_S_...._.— KroYk.) '►I e; _4r=Q_."4 r ...-r_._ . 14 c -S - /3 z Pe. 3--6.' R�. ,-v..) `441ftilb,„ w _____--__-._-_ ___ oto-__ s -,S &\--u,2_t--_ ,1 .sznn, � j0_,_ / --- /5Crs -1 _ ,_5E-._- ee/ K m.0.,. _._.� - = 4_ c. s Cr. 50 •. .. . ?.F oti r) ANil `, �d -e�„,-k, - --- fb4'z/ ,j5 /%f7 !� __k - _- I _fi t( — �_ j'c .�---. . Z. - c 2,e.¢ 9'V- J-5/- .)_ .. 1__0 _ //_57-6_,S-3_ i )-1'.._C _ .J& (er-.77 41 AA-I. ',W �- =-- - . l_ ) /rte� �_ ._� _6- /, civo eek44 ..____ T ,� 17654, - ()Art . 9,.E _ ,lir r # ,� � ' 2 3 go . „ c7-- . & , tom-.. ( �i _ /-1/ - /6'7. 12/ t5f `' `)So,r4 P i ' To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60;% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits bykeeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SICHATURE ADDRESS --- _� — /?/ T (Lf -eke___ 91 7o R 7C —— - --1‘ 41341 Li AY _,sC _.15'249_,..)___._1i_as:`3 /'24 ,- -- / Aye - -- /d0Lr /32/7d,Z, J•T .A)-4, �afr -' / ,, coo6, .cLe - G • seez„itr___ bitia4i laida,5_,__P /ir*Ftal _____azitz.„1/4._ as-- Wi"v,A- 6-0 wit ME I- 11, To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). Prom: Renton residents in supportof fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents.. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60;' less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer, dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SICNATURI; ADDRESS fee _ 1 eS.= /`fir{w-�,,, 8/vu sem•—'_ , c _..__l 7 : SG Ay 6 '"` �L To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). -• From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's, dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have. 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping. their teeth longer and requiring fewer.dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SICNATURi; . ADDRESS o r I kOL, 1.2 kfilfil8Mgriall.VIPL_:Se lade.)0 ggi258 0011- .i (` - -- _ D `!' _ 75/0 6 - .//i°`� 5 F -— '�--- y s-6 _-- r • Iir , To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60 ; less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water. supply: SICNATUPW ADDRESS - - _._.. /D� o� 17g---sem- P...1 e_ / 16()4 SL--:"Izi, , ,,2 pas_y_ 3r, se &A� 1__ -.v. • _ !/Fir17--` •y. /_ . 1 To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson. (255-0377). Prom: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. • We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and, requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of, fluoride to our water supply: SICNATUBE ADDRESS 041.4.1... E. 06s-4 v. ao - C_ APALIALL--, Rixf - )/1.4)2!Zday- 4nILJ I 71c-1-2._ 13V-70 ,S,E, 7-- 1.1...0_20 • A / 9.8u&L. fiAr To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). • From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. - We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply SICNATURJ ADDRESS ' 0?0L- fh_3 E / Lzl- .- 1 To: ' Renton City Council, via Rent.on Citizens for Better Dental Health i Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SICNATURE , ADDRESS ) Y . , 116-‘31A ./67).29Df2/ 6L, _X-1,-2-tion) . 4 _ -41 4LI- 4d4i ...e1Asst.? izge‘k pc si77 /e° ,-7-.-zoin I, --, "is I. aj. •,.. , .461-16-0-- _-' ,,,,,, 4 / CIO/2 /F610,_X/ •.1/4_al-C -.0---d----- ( P4 gh - i ' re 5'413 3 5t_ 177' Haee__ i-okx. I_ E. `27000 cie, ipkit-L --k-iiti _tw11- __ LtO- iii n i(0_icz _.0_9 ") .p.ik,D4c- Per-4P") Lit </ / 1.1 / 3 3 96- /77 7?-7/Z_ I i- /4-AFL 65741atzkl , ger /L- ---- 4tVA-L i qr°5-62 "a f C2.0_,&-151._ • '_ 1 nea ilff., /. • __ ------- -- -- - 1 ,.S To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377) From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply, We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation - children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family.. We the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SIGNATURE / ADDRESS gOils(4),IlifeiL,A,5 1,2429 4c-6 S.SE' - Pc,,, t2e)14: fi vw0,,,,,,,-,&„d,--,-.,_ (cr6 be-6 ,---/ 0 ,-- ) 1/, N4 46-(‘'.77)Ai. WO s--6. ' <.JM.,t,ker-.0-4 - (Ya..' •_._ a'n C-A,/- c I/0 ,XY 4 a--X-e‘1-f- --__S-c:7 '1 ,/)/e2-2-1 Y,f17-- -.S----,_ ,,. /\- ,(‘ A -)- Iwify-.., / 2!Lj 11,09 0 o_ SC, Z ion q1(62)7. --, • „�4�2 X I orgo#�Ar//S S35-377-//, -- i ) a,,Zink-/ li o 0 -- J • v. a,,kr,,,, ,, ./4 c07 � ,� co--/.0 4b/ io 1pp �6 1.,19 9FosG ._�e__1/ / // �/ ,• 1- c .411-leffirm, ,. :; ,,. z ‘i ----,_10 S ..,s-,(c. / S ' . Q� )--,7, w 974F-05,-,c „..._,, / ti..r. . ,, `M- 4762 .,,/-S- 4 .3E ' 2' 21k O - cP i sv,A \Ara L : n CC-A {a_. ----• _.1t-_,), . • , mea n co_r.gym i '. ) I , , Q ,©SS ‘A- A-2 C.-.k- aveciL itoo N .2)%:\---c-- -i-- evv, N , LANA 9, L\S-740, --9.,60 .ty ei0 Ai 4(0 t.., i ., 0 WIAc- 53_57 (-0-e04 .-,',-,;.:--' . -. ---.. ,fAjy' 0111 - ° r Iii Is �',1 /r )i mctcaGa To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health z �- s Committee, .41 Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377) \\ Y--) From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation - children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family.' We the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: • SIGNATURE ADDRESS >-�e 1' 4/ ,--,601i, 6 0-0-r) S -9 JVO-oaf, y' ,7-/- / - ,H •r? • uIQJ ,, • -WQ)0 C (''eLh7`f— FIN()) i^ . j - 1 'i;, , ,' ' - L rfq d (4) J r.V 1 J '�_ ILI ��( U ' f ?(9 I /n/ V,,,.... 4,:„. V • ' To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377) From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation - children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. 10 We the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SIGNATURE ADDRESS ins \ f) P-155 ost S Se,-i- -LO x.4' REnf cY) 1,0cAn. c )sU o CO-RirRwn lk-13mAjui92, k(0?= 0‘ ,*8 -PiA- - _:--920(1-tz-T. Ua ,c4N- cA8 %--- ,r km s&A Amiit \ .: L.)"° _NZ L. ° . ._. . - ' ,ft. , 'b., g- Q" '•i 4 ti v ivA 110'3 13,c �` �n `vl, ;Z -) 9S033 l 0 '7 7ga ,LpoJoe -21C_ 1�6 C---- ' j ( 4 // / 6,r'4 1/7- 1,0-€.4i-4//",s us G 1,f6��-r, / '' SG.)t' -.1-2,4 --c,_. sz_n s clio. 6 ilikiA,___,L., CSLQ -` 11-ii-N ' '1 - SbB O- 1 106 l - . ki cz��\� '-'f fileth-i3, -- _(/ i A 644, )`PC1 a,3 4 -`7 1 p I 3-L-.: j ,cO 3/ (Yr) t. 7A. , i .m,/62' Ce. q04 V43`/t i V - ia9 iQIQL /I c Y` It \ l V V,+ 5?k, Q(0,L).K. C-e r li\i‘k". C'' C\-A'Al S' '\\ •C ( ' . A xjg)41 q%-C) - --, 041n P-&AL_____1()33:w61 -1\-ve c9' 4,,,n, ., ''',1KOC� rn ' c. a --?0,c- of 6 9.),3%--, 9 o S-6 i AI i 1-63.0,t4 - 7-7 j 't'k-ir- _,/ ,-0,,,,,J--;,:.:-, i, ..,-.:41 I . 3 /6' • - - ' o / -A /Az IOW if . ,; deo di L� -�%.I[ , /." f�i�i% . :/_Pari/1/ /4.:- .•��i I EM �a . - , , ,,:: , i - ' ;meg I • TO: Renton City Council via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (Phone: 255-0377) FROM: Renton Citizens in Support of Fluoridation of the Renton Water Supply We, the undersigned, support watercfl,uoridation as a benefit to our community's better dental health. All members of the community benefit from water fluorida- tion. Children have 50-60% less tooth decay, and adults retain this benefit by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures; dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, csupport the addition of fluoride to our water supply. Signature Address ,, • e;), / 22-jj g 6 8 \i(1 /21.) :PL ?aka-r,9,j Y1'�`1j 05" 7 9 4 /VLi CI',/G S L✓ 5 R"f p . n •� .ti , J //� � (ire • • ,eu,tr; !fy „ :xi q8 -15 - S o 34 em-Y��A, r-5 /��- q Ur - 54/ 7 : ,(?A91 ,C, 3 s: D ?/- n 1 c 1 of /4/.1 z°14.?/- ) 2 6).v /. ,1f4YA x /rJr 51/41 <:Etas/-// b , _ / . /o/-?/-? cS-( J 3)-°1 /0/ Pet7.7-0-2 OP . /a /3 S. . Vfrz 4t 3f , � c lLe4 --0. �� e) -5 , 13c ;0't wet( Ave 5 0 • To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation— children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SICNATURE ADDRESS — _ - /6 SPY{Z �?.7 41 See_ To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water . supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the', members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: STCNATURi ADDRESS W ' . _,,-- . .)Z---Ca: . 1: To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health • Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. . We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation— children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping • their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby . reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the *addition of fluoride to our water supply: SI CNATURE ADDRESS 'f' I/ / • ' AA 2 0 - • • alp.°le ,0 0 eklis__ 2l-/-6 flego7 4.,44t& , , - ,, : it./ i .______11,4-53.... _s _1.47 t'' _e2v r _LOA . Q _sco401,1 .. __,._.,(_____//n90lsel-fi� a�-�. ic . .S-`-.. - - _P _ J lam.-® - 1 cOo .1 a 0. - - �s�3�_�. _� .._ _ -___ 480 . ----. ..__�,3 -,v.- �-- • . � f),_-_C 41iQ_2_tote ._9&0_5 ______ .- ' I1 .-_1 ---1 _- sz, P+1 : }-BI Z€ r To: Renton City - ccil, via Renton Citizens for -,er Dental Bealth Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-03T7) , From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation - children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SIGNATURE , ADDRESS tf; ) ;. , 0: j `' • X156 iyk �'� tu6 - �U 1ikeilin k/` ) /� �,U`c,, ' /'_\ , P,,,i,� ,5,_,-._. 22_-_-„, ,,,q--1/_. ,_�. 2 I f f ti)q� iL ':-J __1�-, fJ 1 r 7 7 17S i E ,- '7k (c.,.,-0(-1_ 1 ,,.J I F4 kiikakib/ (ii-k 410. ,-- .11L- ) 10 , of 1 , . .Y\ °S-le - (ljtiehlt (t: S (,06111he . -S', 13)74Y) a5,:c �Q' ..,,,/bs S:2)1,, .`i" Vr..CJ s ‘7"•\ `. 0"A'C-C)A ` C -J SY°43/31 ' • 4. s, Wt , c.toz fit.e �� trio N qdr 05S (67 .aY�, - 'i '/ /a 67(7 4 Atic /2v /I( re 4 s--s /u/a () VLAC1 C �A P ,' ) Sql3 1^ }o _ —p)r Pe.1,-,na\,W061` 1 g Ls-4a `A t-.!- a \\---=5-1, 2 10 R---1 ;} : /,-. . .' ,I§OPA<Ielid01,1-6 ' A 1- C71):1",(9D<.5' tr ,ff, / r . 2, , __-)-ica,, h re i,f I ( A, ''a -ci (,),„,422, 1U / . SSV ) 1 -7 4 ,1P , `' .3`1 / C 1 �J, f IMITIMMir"V:4 WNW - ' „,,-. :,• ijk cOr-B 110 _./TrfrillFrigi,-1410‘.110 - ' as• :AO ,.&- -...% ‘ J (. • • To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for - -ter Dental Health Committee, P Lcia Lavery, Chairperson (255- 7) .From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply! We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community'a dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation - children have 4 tooth decay, and as adult! retain the benefits by keeping their teeth elonger and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costa are thereby reduced for the entire family. We the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SIGNATURE ADDRESS ..S (oto (/3-/78:j Cykyuft.e_ 10A.f .g +0 amor L041) yE is CrtAktrik/ell Zo. • c5T 6M6T-5,T, (1 - 1 [. '0-71/ (i Aw- � Pl. .00 od • • L�(/ 1 0053-gpt '/ n L! I x. 11 1 JP I • 2 . A _. '�/4 1 (v S A_ he/ qac, as 4 �i /Mk. •� �,._ t /52MICLUFZIP �i e�b )-5 i w.1 To: Iltir Renton City "—mai, via Renton Citisens to: tier Dental Smith Committee, !idle Lavery, Chairperson (255 _.77) From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton nater supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton renident!. fluoridation as a benefit to our c , Ye support nater ' of the community benefit from �►ater�u�oMdation� health. � the members tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits eeping their ngen have teeth neer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental cosh arethereby reduced f rttheo�er entire family, 1 We the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SI NAT7 ADDRESS . / / _-z7/? 12_€ /67 ' 1 7 44 4 (",-( t • • • To: Renton City. Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health • Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply.. • We, he undersigned, .are City of Renton residents. -We- support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the memblers of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children.have 40-67, less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their_ teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. . We, the undersigned, support the, addition of.fluoride to our water supply: . SICMATUFU ADDRESS • 406 •gtalvre Ne -- ems K • - �;.._ 1Y77B� • • • • • • I - Tod: Re t n City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Co 'ttee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). Prom: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of. Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from waterfluoridation- children have 40-6I0f less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SICHATURE ADDRESS - 1 _i .iii► ' —. WO �5� 1 yn2/, - -- p To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). • Prom: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, ,the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60;' less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: ST.C NATURE ADDRESS • • To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation ofthe Renton water supply. We, Ithe undersigned, are City of Renton resident's. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60r, less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits bykeeping . 1 . their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SICNATURE ADDRESS ' ---!---(1-A-4'-'1 -J-(111 ! _ ______ 30(Y7 )201-dt. /4-t., , A.,/, ,_____II� 396 ��_2_-_-C.._ -__0___ --6/ H---- � �� /, ' ,I 817-- i l -._-.__ Ai 1 ` ..1.14,--A4___ - / - - --- : ��GGA._.... .c�lr-axe :. t, - ---- is°s-.- 02 9 "Prkt �� ISI ', cam ,c ) 2,_66 I j k ,-- / Ar ... .44 , • //..,? -C--"ez-ide _,"Ci_i___iq..-04-e . .1 . %a a)-- l .:-.315." .4 - /at,2 - Sc6t-4----_ Al __ jell _ _ v ..„v ` 2.N._____i_ _.LifiA__CiP.AtSLA___ _AJF z Ay ' / - ef_t z-,1-V, 7— 41.•--,' .44.6) (e it A 3/ 9 --,- --;-,7" ,.--t___ --.---s-p— gr, ---Z, Alan ej „ ,, , - --- , is ,-24,5b 4-9-ftzr aye r-/G Vatt:6.9,.. 98)ACt '' "/ 4I..k.,._ - ___.K-,-_,_-_-Q/- 2/00 - D 62' 5 ti_ , A 1 g 00 54 . i • . . . • To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health 1 Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water . supply. . We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. -We support water • fluiridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water- fluoridation- children have ' 40-6I0% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping theilr teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby -reduced for the entire family. ' We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SIC,�]ATuRE ADDRESS . ' ?f.4 , , ,,J .-'�' c3 .7 A)E (9 41: 1s 7 __- •_ kg) 7; , , (-P D-tt _AJ 1 aq,-1,_5-1- .P.,(2„4.4-biyk__L9O_AT'v . . (_ . .___ __q' _ __.. .Le_..Orr_7- ______3520_ NO 1,0' .ej- - leti gra5- .• a'' i---- l(08/ 5 .t. RN ;i Ai- „ (5, _.,:: = / _ -____ is.� o_i_C d,g s b _ I:-/,. _AJ 't _ LI x• __.CA+Li__ 70 5' , 8r-.-k- Cit: _ ,,,kii-0. ___7g05-5-' ,20 s-Yg S • l s?. sem- : -- &C - it 1,,,_z_21._ 2,803-", c,�. � X31 /l S � �i ----* — - - _5_e. • -- GU�� 4 _ • . 9.013 I. .%!• i, ,,,, av, NI, • _�aaaI - - '��''---t_ Kl A_ _ ..: ,‘T.,„_,..,______78_,L (,4,-- ,;,.. 2"3 v,,,ki-y, 1 i-e 11(.5 . • __ Qt/ ' 2 (.),`5i4:,ter.- ...Jfill OC) ,5- : 2 • • /'��- 'itc✓c _• 1` ,p* . _ ' 't•- am' (! (O& Igh ill ' ,3(, C ,{,n _ � . 1 . 0 \ / � . . , , ..w . / � � � • . V To: Renton City Council, yia Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health . ' Committee, Patricia ,;Chairpmn. (2q5` 377), . . From:� Renton residents in support of ��datiuu of t �a Renton water supply. ` ' ' ` , . We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We. support water . . fluoridation benefit to All the ' of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children .have . less-tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping . their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby . reduced for the entire fmlly° We^: the undersigned, support the' addition of .fluoride to our water supply: . CNATURE ADDRESS . .. ~^ �, r �-„� ~- 1V-LI-3 02416; 15Zi '''. . . 1/7fir,51 (' 's- ''4* - !ICII4i4-'5,QiCtM,:cce? _ '� • �&=-� � =rr .ii&-/ 20 2 WIC � 10 -AL, g____,5,..6._________k,,.„.J_J,_•±-,,.;...,' ._._ , . • * - - . . / ^ � �} `/'2 ' @�/ ] ` �r� � - ��- ^ / ^/�«� � �� `�u� ' L«��' ' - ' ______ -_- ___� _�' , . ------' _ ____ • �_____��____ _ ' � � , '__� - -___ _ � __ , ____'__-___-_'_-_-___. _ - - ___ ' -_ 1_ - _- � | ------- � �____ ___ _____ � . _ _- __- __-__-_-__ ` .. ____ _' � ___�___ -__� __-' � -_ ' _ | � ` � __ ---`-- --------'------------- -------- ---------` . ! , . , 1+ To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). • From: Renton residents in .support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents.. We support water flugridation as a benefitto our community's dental health. All the - members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have - 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults .retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby ; reth ced for the entire family, : . We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our 'water supply: SI:CNi TUR;j -- ADDRESS ., '1 v L _.--1/7 . O' • / ‘ Z6_--- iars" Vii_ --! L _E .,/ i.�, i1r,6- -31-...<,L i L1D__ _au Ft'si d/ S c_ �Q -1147 fit r- --- - -------- 4 - •_1_5_10,1- 5 L�_o + =O - _ _ . . - c,�� +.a� _ / ,E 56 _al_ I eei_/'..Z._ / , _ yeas . . nrlotAta ." 7 6-)CLI eteciWieSp:Atktag_____—...___eviuikaodsh_,__Rsoop . ..,... 1, ."., „„, -2 -,f/ --f.',:. .5z-r_„,- -10-7-4,Pe&i:,,z...,a„ S.. AZ.54_ /90,-,---Z-Q- Y.f el 5:r: -_i- I - r=` ` --_ - -.s3P- _..n- -/-U. -3-E,--U-Ki/ sic s , t.VU /, v . . 1 o Ju_ __.,/ -- -- 1 God <�c�cc &nv __ _ �)fb _ . , . -- /2„_,,r,,,, , , -2„,,,,,L_ //:__ ,/ ,/:./.! ,• i .," '_ 2( ilil. ,, 414,1 r--P,PJ _ ., :,___ _. _ w/ . ,__-.4-L,,,,(44 .e„,,,,L. ..„1„,,,e-i„ I ,:::,__.4sz.„..".a_d__,,Azi- ___, do_ ,-,..4--5.„ .., 9sziA3-,-J- ,- = w, 0„-__ ' //as/ 27. 3 la--4,-- --/C ..._9&Ls� 1 kI ±?1-____,Ip- 1 / zLYt d/ r/r Qin ,'£ao�5- - r 84,3 WI I To: Renton City Cott L, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (251 From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation - children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We the undersi ned support� the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SIGNATURE ADDRESS 1 \`76-- u\-3 -4-j— U pc 1-Q- -s 1.-4(),,, ,.Qo y ____q jyy-N ( k../ 6914' �.n( AL (k).F 0..A1\ V rI.i q$O- I ‘ ,>,\Kitiq P:4 o ID Q Po.nt ---13Q=k, 1,-,sii 2(:),.:-=.-.:. 0 - .7)-- `IL V C.(NCA / J 6 .;,,i,,,41,,,A,‘,_,,_ RJ n \C el .ruy-t a /11:,, 44)(3/ S rri P1 . gee,itai r . ? os '' ko Y3/ /426-1(p< 5 A -in) L,6A- 719-(9.- - .J --D `ti ) -� Qee7 7,1 AU 4-1-4Nc c l( c C)-' 4/1/ u.�e,-/ 771E Comer'/" n.� Oa r -S. ' kGt-- --&_Or\' OW(a a nA (911' /Z_, A r_ ii./._i y ,,o , _��'Ht�-/r�G 1-1--' /�� rs-,-rte/ Z^�.. ZS7 7/ �",,,, � L.) Clf‘k1CA \01\QT(m.k9N--(1 \k.Il CO E,[\ G.,f±-7 M -q eep-7-4-0,) Wok_ ';',-2(;), () ,_:5 - „ �.P��' / r 0 Xc2fi �-{ SL -r ,, kG :, - (1frtJ• - —ci SP44 ; C., Ir on \.71-, A U e • R e / T) 9.'</1: : - Lea7-4-,?'".). '77: . i -. --.1r,"")(7.c6Z-c--. 0.e(-' _ 1- /(-)<- - , ? • :)65-701-1C12 - ,7Lcf,),-,?------'-''',n, . • / . e u , 4 `(I �- %aii„-71/�i' S, ,e../- -- l'Tr) ,rJ ' '1 0S.S I, - C •--------. a . P.P___iy-1.1nyt-K dam- .4frc--.4_9Z2c7,--dq_ . ''''',. _.,-, ..., - ,../ .P?:04-7.Q.----/, .ge-' .•V., . i --', r f-'\•-- /! _ j4/ d: _ / . . A � . lid '' -1 # av " .., 7 ' a _ f' �' ) n �, / . 411111b-- i Iii' ^1 !iL'��J f ' �l 1 lel I To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-037'7) From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the comiiinity benefit from water fluoridation - children have 40-60% less tooth decay,, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SIGNATURE ; ADDRESS .,(71.14, `• --- 0 0 e-, PrMr"; ( -1-- Ai. :F j _ 1 ___. & 7----- P? 2.0 S- ( - ( +1"t RQ :4Jr:Q , SWO A :8 7 (D __ A2 a A �.)G\-, t A , , Jr, i - 41, t\—) U CC?3 1 (-,-' ) . -.5 F CZ-10A-mi___ C k 1 u 4 Ir: ;P N /IS -7(n'-) , r r-i t . .\-,,CU A ( I +be . .S k --� ' Q al � 6 1 ' .(Iii) n(10-'1\1 ,(:*__ __1, -___Ct-_,Ipi-_-' ' ' ' ' ' ' - 90)? ) ‘ 1 841 11 t ; milk - 1 Q. ��:+t� ., oIiri _. v 1 c_ . 3 r y j pI-M 1-5a.) n5_57--- ilio (n lv p c � v (\( x- (13eh)Q1 a _ 1IQ onx) forr,1 HiIk S1--, 12-2-1-6 R"or0-56, )ii ' --nlit,wn i l a 1-1 u _ . .s , !fie n dor) 5- )4. t lk) C'cluAitqpirti I 1 . .i 1 D rlg ..S*-' Vi- ko,,AukACIE046 lb. . 15 $& S-- 6 P), �i►-i7Jly 9 j( -'� _// /4 'e2 �i / _ .J �/ fe/"/(.,/' /fie Ai ; -4 / 00''" o' \/k1,1timP / '6./71 -L-) q.L....Z_D`4,... _ 4?- _ _ ..4. ..1. lb, k_ R eu � ----- - _ ----,----,—=., Lill UI- KtNTON GENERAL INFORMATION TELEPHONE DIRECTORY aPo "-T7OAT Sg' WO-6g37- 1K 1 Ka OA I N ttb- 344-- 1N Da Maw. ptutab-2e. I a.� i-8 AIRPORT FIRE DEPARTMENT POLICY DEVELOPMENT 2552 1 EMERGENCY 911 DIRECTOR 2591 CHIEF WHEELER 2645 POLICE DEPARMENT MAINTENANCE 1 2538 OFFICE 2643 EMERGENCY 911 11‘ 5F55c* 34(4-1-364 STATION 4111 2555 POLICE INFORMATION 2600 ATTORNEY 255-8678 STATION $12 2525 CHIEF WALLIS 2594 STATION #13 2504 DETECTIVE DIVISION 2570 BUILDING AND ZONING 1 2540 FIRE PREVENTION 2642 RECORDS DIVISION 2625 2550 SERVICES DIVISION 2546 0 226-3838 GARAGE 2640 TRAFFIC DIVISION 2544 CHAMBER OF COMMERCE , 1 GARBAGE 255-8411 PRINTING SERVICES (DEBBIE) 25 6 CITY CLERK GENERAL SERVICES 2616 PUBLIC WORKS DIRECTOR INFORMATION 1 2500 R. HOUGHTON 2569 MAXINE 2502 HEALTH DEPARTMENT 228-2620 PAT PORTER 2569 MARILYN ! 2501 DEE 1 2501 , HEARING EXAMINER 2593 PURCHASING DEPARTMENT CAROL (MICROFILM) 2573 OFFICE (AGGIE) 2618 HOUSING COORDINATOR 2553 GLORIA 2617 CIVIL SERVICE 1 2588 DONNA 2608 KING COUNTY ELECTIONS 344-5282 COUNCIL OFFICES 2586 SEATTLE PUB. LIBRARY 625-4972 KING COUNTY GARAGE . 344-3840 COURT (DISTRICT) 226-3511 S GNAL SHOP 2638 KING COUNTY INFORMATION 344-4100 COURT (MUNICIPAL) 2564 STREET DEPARTMENT 2615 LIBRARY 2641 CREDIT UNION 228-2910 MAIN BRANCH 2610 HIGHLANDS BRABCH 2590 SENIOR CITIZENS CENTER 2533 DATA PROCESSING PHIL .2532 LICENSES 2608 TRAFFIC�ENGIREERS 2620 RENDA 2539 SS GGVW� 344_ 3-sEs7-K) OSIE 2539 MARRIAGE LICENSE 344-3933 UTILITIES BILLING ELLOYCE 2520 DISTRICT COURT 226-3511 MAYOR'S OFFICE 2580 JAN 2520 JANE R. 2520 'ENGINEERING 2631 MICROFILMING 2573 SURVEY 2529 VITAL STATISTICS 587-2769 ;MUNICIPAL COURT 2564 FINANCE WATER SHOP 2646 MIKE MULCAHY 2628 4PAINT SHOP 2599 JOAN PRINGLE 2554 ZONING 2550 TED BENNETT 2526 PARK DEPARTMENT 2560 ARLENE 2609 H & CD 2553 DEANNA 2614 PARK MAINTENANCE SHOP 2649 EDNA 2607 SR. CITIZENS 2533 � WIL4 C( \-kA� 4.3s-1800 LINDAJANE M. 2507 2624 PAYROLL (ARLENE WORKMAN) 2609 �`1'�Ni � `�a 5'62 00 MIKE M. 2558 Clink, YYlOY`9iy1% oQ(o PERSONNEL 2556 rnios9lpYIoC.+4/�J-1__L 9.92,_645 V "�� j' . )� (O W ITC10 OI LY il� w4G ,VI,- v,d t/yl To Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). Prom Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply.. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the mem+s of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60/, less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. • We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply; SICNATURE ADDRESS 11 tJJ tL &4J e4 6 ) itYksott,.._ 4c-ei - -re_Adtd., 17_ Pekrt-c,,, CieFtir.S, rnglAA: afv,-) , -703 0- al \Lk_ „Zit.a.,,.:6„, omige oi,or rot) LiNe. ,- .5 -1111cje (kz,ruflorx (t:A t PS-5— 101/1 h. ierArQ 1412 98r§ge c i7 r t (7O a_S 61- 1 „71: • At ) ?q 1P'' ç . 4z11,1 lAes 19(4.5-5-' Oft/f/SO4—&C" 1,-CP if 2 /717W ,f)1I'VA50611c:5- • 1114414A6UX- 14164 it'30c;t) /9/S2-7 kaus '-'- • I" 414 _ 0.07 176,r;?/ lirrrYC • 9( .1Z- 4' 4500716 43CHL1‹ • i/ be 0-zit( 9i-o1fr • • ‘s-:7 rCit 4Y2O2_g±__L_ 2_ - - - -• .2-700 g 67.‘7fii - 3!-Z164. 44)4'h 61f-gok leen4rnt1/1-Y1 la-"-L414uk-)?(M -S-- • ) - L526z - / - £ -/-. zfe).51/ b41#I eud-6i4-1 c,yue-) leKAZ 65-6•46-4,--,e)-46 Awe- I I To:G Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). From:� Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the. Renton water' supply. i I We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the I members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60?'/, less tooth decay, and as adults retain the, benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, tie undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SICK��A Tong; ADDRESS =. - - _ =�._�_p-�1Z.__._S 1 -a._ - -.14,�/y�_ � -I�c.� — o 017 f /j -.' , ! \; Cc ____ —_-i_-'3-`3_2.K—I....Ss._...._ ._ s- -L{z:L3.,-:9 nS{:, �. ! ! ! _ .I h ' rid. 7.. //9:.._. P -_ \7- 1,&-Gt,-.41.9-,,,_______-_730ts1=:_la57e&_.il,.E.,____. . ._.01,,x,__L_"17_0-3Z AI __._ . � •_ -__R : .. ,e,_ r41t2.- Not PL 5 ___.e�.4-..� Got-. 9e 6. c i' Iris►... h �Z S� _w _�gam- I'3`l2? &77?1- ,i, -d2 Afie /-, _.:�1�c- '- x/ 7 As a/ >r - 116-1,5-__/Y�', ve-r 6✓ - G/J�• r = _ _GCS ji_4_741-) erii O•t. , tA) �r-vs: c -.177, �- '� �. .. ._. __ /� �'u-gut (10,2--:P.6. � � pl � • I_`1toil 5E- l 5—a`= ( wiz `�, -Ds. :, - /oi q �,` z iiJ . G AA/ ei�Q , ,L4...., 4s37s- .1' ,t,eit,.7)-� � ti�.5? AIL- be' U� 'v?,les . :!!/ _. , _%,€•.%'% 'L• _zy�")c�7. .4e",1 r. sail --:��^ - - -4-4J---4-9- - - /--a 7 d :7:Z3 9 0_.- 2...2c,_,S"' ..._). _ ,e,ya,71—_,•,--,2_) 9:806-" , .,..r .41 _,..0_,71. v_t_wl.txt_e___ 0,4_0_02_71.34L,44,_____ ..cie /AG"r7' 1 /� "`-- J' (j f' 7 /"` ci.��o , f CiS'7i , 4., , To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health , - Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). .,, . Prom: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. I We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents, We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the I member of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60(/, less tooth decay, and as adults, retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer den-Cures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, ±1 e undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SICNATURE ADDRESS /g,,, i//s-r 9 3-tocui.„ QiEi)1 qj A cjiz, . 1 M-:-v-, --- V-,-f -m-36k-N._ 1104-IS P3Avi_ __Atf,s, 5e.A:his,_ LX.,_craci't/ , .L.q0,1.$_L_ . _Tizhc., 40.,L__ISEDO c 6./azga( .• AL . . ,_ __n_ArratAx -.6 1 Ic.g9H._ Al.pLuzid iver- 113-°rPoeii-E // . 16 ./ - 1-6-- ---- 3_-3-1 -/-51 - -- - - -/------ .9 0?i--- - t „Artil A .dr.42...u.,a ,(7.._ , _ • _ . i J.) an • g_ -...d .11r áL/ i& 3 c5azi.rulr ,41W. i/t_, &,,,lo9c56 Ark _w. ___ ,A(7/4.YL gcrag? ECIA-,-)c4c:1- L .._6.,„ •3 2-09 SE /6721 :,s-r- It.4 i 4 4 7 / 7'9 .__4147brigilE1471 . 1 c2 )—& ( -7-__:__,&.26, S . Secuyifte(-7g, '9-1-1 ____ 6 O ,L4t)-1, A 71 i3s4 (C4i, .2,g /1110 '4SL . .: __1/yV3-1WA(Io-e.5,E RenYon. 9 ,6 , , i L gi -L2 2 . MU'/e6qtA 7gigt - - r- ..1 , ... . ------------------------ ------------ 0 . ,.. . To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens, for Better Dental Health - Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). , . From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have . 1 _ 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults, retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply; SIC NAT lo, ADDRESS - 21--- /1/0Av4i 4 i ..___.i, i ., I or ke....-tzby--, 91-exi z ,,,i„6,,4 ,, 7, .4 '- : - .A e-. 1 _,._ ..- 1. . - 7 ' i ' t<240PL_ wle__Irwirl /(.0(0e/fr a.-emd.f....,v___a Sc .j..q Aff__VO62s7 / d 2_, I ' _1 .:',« 11 '4I 7P 0_5. 0271-it L .04._ ri_1_01_0/ l_.4.- o. LYd, - •e- 7)/(ed j ?a2i5"-& (-3---# 1- --- ..—... • ' aAft ,. „IT , 4, .-.„ 4 ed.- i Oi. 0 ck .2113 06fra1 ,A11C- Ail --. te--007N1 '28054, ,z\lAiA,“ 1 . .•. '.1 71 - t124s:4 — s 1. 11, f-Zg- . ' / 4; -' j ...?n//i Ve1.4.&IC ILLP.ii/C 'le11,5/ ., 9%5T2:256 ''4(4r • i —.1 / ' /4 / --e/ z_la6,6?__ z-7.141,- , &c, ..: , At_i, 14 7a -44. _ 1 4, . 01 ' kerr‘ _ , / I 1144)., i 1/0_ 1 103.1-1 ID,NO III&S ' 11/ gil(ICS/ '_.east1i-_11 , - )qe-.4-33.... /907LAcbmo-71d0)Abv,: .,_li_70.- ;-- , 9ia.6-5- , //t. zyle444,t.44, _-- /5-7/? f=20 3-YC1 -lefO .Z ._. . i ' _ L.fd,___p_io-i- .Le').• 4 1. tc,4.1_ 2 1 ,io. i'.6. •sr i ct%Oc C p______. &di Wi_Len roe iu e/fiok 980C-S / — . ,.., I. . , ---- ------—---- • , , ' H lk To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens- for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water -...... 1 We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water L '1, fluoridation as'a benefit to our community's dental health. All the • 1 7 ,-...c"c ' members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have i„. 40-60y less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by. keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby • reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride "to our water supply: ' N c STCRATURE' - ADDRESS' .....- 5()Q3 ,,,,-7,--<ntLa. 7.), /q0, 9 / -27 V? .5-ZI. *.C-,266, „z•* -74 r ' , 7 .144- 11 ., t 2 s2e.) ....fficiuro,i) Fgc7f-‘• V . ir.1 op (--- I / 7/_// ' -',-.--Pc-,te(i .....?,'.4...4....i ) /V OR— - ,ffz 4 --%-0-- x,i..37L,. 4s 4 -E/L6-3,1_1, 3;1, 1 22 e Y :ge , • ,2705-/ ,,735-7- a, 56-. 4 0//e), 9 sv3e. cga/14AL' AI ad/ .-/ 1687,-4 ' / 'Ar 0 , it'jfri/e;* C/fOrZ ,--- _ - ---' .. -,_" ___ ___Zii ...- _If, . 747---/3"..- Aio-s--- ,a141-‘ i .I I: 7 - /a...,. . 40,c, ctorigi.Q.Adee.A„ Q. 7e4,.. -,,„. 5' 7. , 7V __ , ji 4 A , 4. , , ,.... ..li7-i-Awe dk it - 6* • fro,i-o• v 5 S , q q, ...,.....- ..,J, A. ...a- iMiltit 1 es ' ' wr -431': 10—Gliffigilks°- ,‘ '00' ._ dif 1111‘ ....4 A 4, , , ______ /IL i kuil Iell 0 42.' e 4 e A y 6_7(2f6A. #5-ao A,I e,:2,544 - ,*_ioy71 go,SC , 72,ii/z,--5 7-' J 7 , -,-,?(.-- 82, ,i-7/e4/3+5 744,.._ ,i .) / -. .4-11)VAfeS-6, 7,", ,. 42oSee_r„,i, , ,07 c.., . s ..-.. , i --,--' , ,_. 4-7e... i.... ....._, -- i 4.• 1( 4 4----kg 2/O 4,/4-12.4e,f, ,4i) //6/., e -)( _, gra:Z.- - -V - • ____ ..51--" ' ./ ... iriary-.0.- , . ,, A iff_AV.A. azAZ-1,1 ANW _ - „Affe,5-3 . idruw (____ it- I.1 I.. —: ' - ki ,4 7 T-4-P4.. 1,4&• "SI- A_•_. • ip\se 1,,,,,- 1.171713 03 -G0-2Ai, 5-e AI (A 6-1066— r • v.12. • , , -- 7 .41Or - • (1.7 \11X-Z) _ tVa To: Renton City C cil, via Renton Citizens for Lovuer Dental Bealth Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377) I Prom: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation - children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SIGNATURE ADDRESS 1 ,irl ,_ , ith Vicr _ ert).04 il .67li ...tetz .(4064,,.0J_?w2a t' .01. l tTi f.) �rJ *A ,.i��y�%� 6)t r1 0.0 ))0 07 I/'' /,', .. c KJ � -7 (��lu I -' i,�,ze 16-/t)- 5Y) ,, Ailsg,"„A , . ) kio--uw.,,, ,,)(-,,, 1 (•(,-) (7. .23 ::-_,, • ,/:) ,•",,- ., . , • ,.: .,„, w. N.. ,.._....7.4„. _ .__ .. ._;___ _ , _ , ___._. _:._,.._,_________ --- -__-.___r-_=-_.4 _ - -----........4....i.„.. ....,41. , tr'' '' /' 1 /--) 421,2-`�7/c-r� !,e;,;(-4.044/ / .5 Anercle�;i 4 ve_. 4f, IA -„. ' 7 -1 5. 4-& UNicAr\, .A v2- -924-7-.,_ ' t I- 1 5 4 1 a Ck.At I RoA41-1---,77 V,,of , in i 1 ,R(pf6.c . } •:.;11-'2_, ,LJ.- . i , --(.-.E - , - - n,I _ . 9\ na; ,,,,,,,v,,,,A,„ te/c6s_e , r2LL (Pe----t ,,,, 0}AA,, 17. / , • / 1 , ..) Lict-rn/L _______ 0.0144 X. 9 SJ , 3r75- ()Ni ON Tvt &E '&3�'AL Rs , ,,o Q ,� -, (� .c.,. 0 i .3- <,,,•,�,,>>,.�;: 3 ‘5,E. 7, c/_____7,7_j______ ,.1&, ,-/--- 4 ,ev p �_,,r!%i, , �y/- 1,_,_i� ate; Vev t ‘• el ' /i N , 1')' . / .,h-L., :1/ tr /a'.i IJ i 3 (),s-- n_), Lk, ./i 11-o..,''.--) 'O /. - 4'- / '1 f. fo 7g c. -Rid 4 t 7 (5 -,3 5 0 niY-'&4 /e (7 ' IL.41.4.4 11E ( / A, gee • Al I ,,,,,p/La .4 %.• i Ila2 5 73 , i / • To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). . From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City, of Renton residents. We support water. fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health.. All the • members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60w less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by. keeping their teeth longer andrequiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SICNATURE ADDRESS eCS CI e) /2.1 tef- l44 `'A:o,,ce-i —= • ` 1,LeAu __ 7 _ G .s—CsJ S ..--R_ s-7-1 9 ago s ' • Ai_A for ? _�C��'/1.�7 gip' , i --� -- _ - _ ' , To,: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson42-55---&37-74. ,t7'...___: - /60 / Prom:(Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water i sTINTS77 ------- We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation— children have :dlefso: :::then::::y,fa:ni:ya.s adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby :::6u0c We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SIC NATURE ADDRESS , '' -2K-e-a-fr - /Lcr_2_,-2--ZA.___So• , .. 1 - , / Alf...,.0 , 4,011 , Al ill _2______ 2, _____ ,3__ a2._ V___ __ ,__)_ ›,____0 e_ !, 400,641.....11ai .. KJ ___ igh,*&,;____w_e.:,___ op , ad, , 4 103.___Lstituair Nig-k. no • 0 I is ___ dilkv,, re „;# /75bMPh-zs /42.S- 4- 1.- -4ff4 e-e-c-ItOq _.... . _ .... ... . 3 / x cev,i,, -? )71-t), -• g ,, 7"-i 7/ f/il- L-luts t ', - - is, . L.q.a. ' 1 .V 1 : _ ,_.,... k t'LW? X1-0- , -R.fizU *Ai_ A,Q...L___ w, , 0, 111 - , , /Iitv / 4_, ..L1: „i• b7)e _vQ_320_/1/ _,_______./ e___ ../ 4 It/n- . 94 0 ‘ 50 \%,...2. )') 6 2 , , - _ - ,,-,- — -..,T Zi 44 14*'11Y14‘70 __ _26661a1g2_ r4/L5- .: .,,frfee74-,-it......- T , 1 — • - . ....r ..---__ - ,., °------ - q IN\r VA-r-\ -- Neift 1 r Y) '-'1) • PA-I- 1-461 Von] Itnh 01, . - 4A6 ( A.-. Qo in 1-nn iA\6 2bg • To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia. Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377).' From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, .the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the ' members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and, requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water. supply: 'ICHATURE ADDRESS (.c /r lichO /C_!.y) C PJt 61cis7s ,v _3 -re-A4-y-- 64.0.P5X 4044 :a te 41340 ,t/ ,,J/1 L'- %go ! - 1 - � : / 7 tzle. 17 400 „pc ),20(tz f_27, egtv�:3 A 3 � ��/ /S/. C %�.vv�,/ Seas-6 difir /2656 17'7P _ 44, 5054 f . . . 1 . 7 . , To: Renton-City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377) • Prom: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring• fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: =NATURE ADDRESS 17-7 :(X-e- ./41,. /0 eee ''' 0 /6517( 6 16 p__4„- 5E _ff66T I. I .__. � rI _._. - {3 V__,-,_' r-Ire-a-- /&/97----Pi.----- - ___,_9��2 ii , -// 3 z-g 5e-- /63 A_ mge a ��. . ___,2,_ ,,,e4 , 8,0_T_ . ie..et:,.,,,,,t, a...A.We'. e?,9.0_47-‘:, ig-}-e2., _L7' A - = « ' 20_ 136 el-_sS' _9 � ` .. ��' J ,., --6 _ Izisg ,2914 eze , .0 R2 '7179s1 / c� _PL G `�- 6c-E-- 1x _ --- 23 sE i 6 Cx.c-� 1,..i-- ___� 05 ff To: Renton City Cc,u.x;il, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377) From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the commnriity benefit from water fluoridation - children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SIGNATURE ADDRESS . CO-ULILDN\ -'1NVAZ9-%1(-40"%kp ,r -1}3-ertp , e- Eig-iia t4A-Q6 be- IPPI-Ci-Ae0)2164 kezmA4 :SA r, ' Alf . 17a 7 / . '.,di Al X 1/1/1A- )7 7 do- - I/7/4 s E f134& ;(_, ike rt.lo A_.)61"e' iii nTiV,Pi*Oilithl 3:-_- (1ii,koctil.fiaik4D.? )22i4.0) 9a12._,S --bzkii)t i ( (-1.1 or\u-tek <-4(1'5-- 1-- hiy--.., S(47,v 4 Duo( *---56 D.e..vi-1 _)r\ 1)SQA-�n inn, 4.Q.- \_q-- -ci - -i,T r` �1 9 0,.v t, N77eiww 'V X41 z-- k Z7 4c , cep (y. Re-y1 W r qrW--> - . a c,,L ;-3 C Grove. . rad 14 ii E,N 111 SrRatl 1—) Q-0-S :E: .'17Lc�J rTs. Li _ g F_,,y-�;..J Q. ,- /71a4,41) " / 94 -z/g/W-) I: E, eg$ento-Do , LA L. i iii! I.4) . �j / ` V A -` ,i- ' s+- To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377) From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation - children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SIGNATURE ADDRESS �.a 1 „- .,„ /, t...._ _ Ai "'Vv\ C, J / � 7a !'r i s • 1 . .. .I. . �. . /, 6 c SE - . PL 1 _ ( et / / / K /90/, ZE_ /(�c/'i--', Si- 11eIk G%n,� ---'-----2,,i1-_- _/./y?:,o'' . ,1(p I, /. SE 1 q,C----(S--r- 1?01-6 n 70S-3-- I L .. -mw ` U . )_ ih , - ' A • I _, A e . C l • ai ( S, - cl : -• , k) .1.• ,f. 4. • .5Q 'I- • s 17 , i(sy ,e,fru.„, 7hst G,/ ,, . • cau1=-4), Aroa2---- _-1 / -' /bk- _t---.-/17-?-_)A,-;,7-/ -..t_i T-c__., 11 al::- e h J l s: . ►� 1�.., .V . . . Y Ge IA 1!I" , : / 465&' 6A:hccd- P41 • .f,(. I I(„93 ? TE 1 to,S 9205-S" ' 1. 1/4-4. ILG (,:t3 y.414fiel4Q/) Aki .-gle\05-b /1.4 a i cd/ /1/ .Ai it"-, _ c,"c-. A mi , if (moi` i I IA/14/ 1../•---) V 1------ mo ! ,J. 1 // / . 10 c6,- / \ 6.17\z-- .-79 . tc.4 c .fl,"i„<<,") .f1/i, a r/ c_,7i.bh' V N A ,; I,,.I__. n,e i, il0 / `�%�� ' To: Renton City C'uAleil, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Eealth (Z;) Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377) From: Benton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply, t-2.3 We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members • , of the community benefit from water fluoridation - children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer .) and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family, T�•y� IJ \/ We the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our rater supply: SIGNATURE ADDRESS Pa vl � 1r r-,-;:'d- . C7\1. y R/LALo 1/� . )_ ` .!!��1C) L_ _:. i . i„ i ✓/P .,ge,, -- e1 . D.-.‘*,o v 1, '`. - ,o J /t/X- P r9- oi\-- • jJa )Lrt.in \ -)1N (3Q e \ 1 W 4)) (2/N1-• \�f,J. ,.e. Q) . \� -` ( 4. Ni. as(-177 fix `'. Ave 5 . .v \lk)A- . , ,. 4 :5P 1 1 tY . '� Atf th F1- .' ). )YA Uri d\ )74.uYnYrvs�.S A' , (314rat-= g4 �� +h . P. i r L c -_-;-)a aWm , ,9„o(s-=,a -.--- z, c(--i (9-)-1'-''' A / . 9,,,,,kfir `I J',-/- r;L /\, ,/, � -Z-- T L V ... `_ =-� • i �� tg (,wr �'� To: Renton City Counu11, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377) From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members _ of the community benefit from water fluoridation - children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer 1 and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. ID.' 32 We the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SIGNATURE ADDRESS Aqtez,2"Ai-,_/,,,,w-__Ici:././ ________ , . ... , ,.,,„.,„, , ,,-__•_ ,,,__ . , 2 ' -, ..• , _,, , _ . / ...,-) N-.N ,/,‘( I.0, 4 L - - -:._.2.-- ; -,z=-. -. i --.....-) \__,._ vA,_,_.k.A._ ,__ 8- __,' ., a C -0-.-.--e-().: e : --`sP)1Y-1_ La_e-) =, 1-1, 1 ,,,... , . •, ( , -yr) �J 0.6-21 ) 1 u �' \,%<„, ,.(.2.,,-. ,..,,,,4,_.,---,,,,,,,i , , �� ✓✓ray/1�'i p\1 j_4)04___:.)4,1-oliviquctik, I ( H (.( h ,( ,,,, /77 c � . fl &\ ( oJ I i cp in GI r,7) ©`., C) -n 7 ::` PI 4)-EARAI- () alkill/L6-'(-) C t V(� _ i �l 0G -,,,_.,_.•(): '---ii , >,, Pi2A17\ 1 P.Lc-o /a /6 21). ) "'' / tri ,,- l- _mac9 . LS,_ r'. )4th � (1-6 \p„SN(\t-,A -N O1J Mr\((NN-_, N , I CQ-�1VX�ro0 A t, 1 )1), ; R(�/� 9�/ 1.'rk pnp- - >0 m E 1 r,. .�,� J/K�J� �-.�,(-3.71,, f ._ (17 J-,..,--- P ' './ (----?6,,,,,,i,,o.:,,,, , ,oryi) .... •F -au,P ileYt TT),)---- --->--____ 6 ---, //:-.-(2,-;,,,---7,-,-.;,._____ ,_ >/ / l ,-, ..„ c.-- , --, / Tc: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. Me support. water ' fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental •heal,th.• Al1 the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have • 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. . We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: • SICHATURE ADDRESS AI -------- ----- irie /-- -7:///.- 7-- jgor )7_6. av-A: ,e. c,z,rd. ..... • �� -- - -4701:;_yel‘‹: SPG/_U.. i► ► , __ .t. . 152,` Yc liZ---[[��- --- ..Y A; r ,i /.Sly -- 0. 1/E7ri�_ � _ A Com='. S-7---- ._, ...7 —`— -J1------...... ._._. 1- ,a / Ate I 7 ' � o Gtr '''2.6/ 's- atk, >e e. /12f--6-1A-) 'To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation—children have. 40-60W less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SICHATURE ADDRESS 7-7-- EL 2_� _ �im.*v.. -- S S Uhl 0 Y�J V.Q ad/4.1")' rezt-Pue Ze.ate_ . o_al_111-1„0._lai.,_cRa_/I ,e6.,,,L‘za._ t.`e•0�IP if a 1111S .. '� A1 S v_a_ s----?g ' r4'o n -- _ -� `��'F i. . /G a - -„� - o , 471 w , ___Icjavki %/ -_ . � Ste7C / o , / f' _ ► AMU_ e '____ u-wji . A ./, / ,30 -i-e e fc-P--i 3Y-6 4 f. • 1 ( _ , To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better. Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). • From: Renton resident's in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a .benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. ' We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SICNATUR„,; ADDRESS ' _.1 l°11` 1 _ - :. ten)_,- a., ge( __ ..,ii 4:. 0 rf� sp ._: ,y ��„ r� g ! . ,®.. AGS`Z � ., FLPA Ai ' . -7 -6')t' O2 9po562 4.ei,r_g___ Ail :: _____, ____Lei.,(2_,SE/il*l____ EitirolO_i_u_igsh__I gek5-7.-6_ iaeu.,q _ 4.1_0. __ _L_0,(Lx_fz_ L____c2L4.41-1 )_._d-La _c_r___ci.o_._ -V N ____,7_ ,_ - _ •- _It_ __L SAL_ -�- - am--- __� -L s,6 4 'a_— G 37 Ir ,. To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60 less tooth decay, and as adultsretain the benefits by keeping ., their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SIGNATURE ADDRESS 7'Cor - . ._ 1C1x ?'l _[aId a ` C*19 `LI f' 10 13 ( (arc-,� sstir 0A) ?efd. I' • Pir . To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). . From Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water • supply. • We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. ,We support water • fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation— children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by- keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SICNATUR1 ADDRESS re, 0-::• 1. t • /.. - -..a., L. ,(1,,..,.1.A.-c;A., - k2. 0 5-1__n_ ,.q .743. _02.t- R.11Z-1.! _ivi--n___!:.. ,A:_11,14./ , ' ! °it< _/� /6'6 - -1 S '�.—_..._fr.,Yn _._ 5A- GGA/6 C -�� 4; / • ce, ieci; _ ___i_ --- - —+ — — ic,/ia ...5 ./4/s-14 P/. /1ii7 lois 14-1,9 960s6 /`mss G--LL_K_ap.i.c�h__a S// 1 r 3rd.S..r�c�r .-t7}# =?° g�a1 � 9�;oss _ . ' -'i //l a G a 1c_ - -- =-- --. .r o cif y �(MO N. 3g a%It - <535- To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). Prom:, Renton residents in support of.fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation— children have 40=60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring• fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SI.CHATUm,; ADDRESS � y *MIT C. �_----___..-L 1 ...`1.U_ � �_....' ) 580 43" Af 19eem dl -� l f l . Via / _O C,O*3 Gly. $2,06" To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, P`tr' is Laver Chairperson (255-0377). From: Renton residents in) support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60 less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: picATurtE ADDRESS _ � moi_ . / /12 ,1_Oce s_�2.._ � / �/_>' �JAi 6' ittro dit 4.1ixedikz /2-/o/eze--(cirmg 0/7/7/6 -7 ��--e)— its ,- / �c1 9.Pps g Q d.o. , �a ,�/ = J / ' . To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery., Chairperson (255-0377). Prom: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water• ' fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. ' We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SICNATUm,; ADDRESS ' �� _e _ (ate_= ��_6 • To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens" for .Better Dental Health • Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). • From: ,Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water • . supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton. residents, We support water fluoridation as•a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have • 40-60% less' tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring'fewer dentures. Dental costs-are thereby reduced for the entire family. • " We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride :to our water supply: SICNATURE ADDRESS 0i / .��r ,, ` _L' I� srCat. ea u _ 32/ ss_a�tfi 14 a • 4r4440___`__Noms _a70 2A - '^- _-_- . . To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health 'Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson /255-0377\ From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60% less tooth decay, and adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family" We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: S1CN&TDRE ADDRESS or •^ y ' ' - of ^ /6536 i‘2 SE jodayilop 9esP. - / ��_=�==��. ` 4___ _______ ----------- -__-_ � •___-- _____ -_-_-�_-- • ______ _-_ -- - . . To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery., Chairperson (255-0377). Prom: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water sup We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation— children have 40-60less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer. dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. Wes the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: SIC:TA.TURE ADDRESS iQ OALPItiatk, i -e i, e Fc Dr, _._.Re b &�55• _�_ e' rn G Uo 1150_jacama _a ._ _.- lran g.60 a I CiT - 9n 4- 1 n vo in' ► \AN OA �A�'`^ ��-. esn r1 11)6( . Qga FLOURIDATION, Water Yellow LU/GEN 3 Citizen Comment at Renton City Council meeting of 7/23/84 Patricia Lavery, Chairperson of Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health, requested, review of a water flouridation program for the 1985 budget. Referred to Utilities Committee for recommendation. (letter in file.) CITY OF RENTON Il 1 �� kt. 1 WATER ENGINEERING 'Mr __ ,_ �_- � PI W.D.#107 (Inside Rent n) WATER ......S UM RENTON SERVICE AREA ii14115 V 111 WATER DISFLUORIDATED AREAS - ' — ----�No. 107 SURROUNDING WATER DISTRICTS i li " I I pmori tAi W.D.#63 � 6- 70)k,,,„ = LAKE 111111 %••• i 'wN v, INN .,* i W D. 90 • ••••. WASHINGTON 11 ��+.r,' ( Renton )� \l.] W.D.#14 I MINI A■,� �� . ��.� /A 1 I _ miii___,gt h Renton .W-ter, riFtlipit..�� C� Hyl '1 ■l R DISTRIIT. -i t.: NM \!I ll"-WEST 'HILI, 117 / ' ill No. 90 IjP��r t a 'I�� Pk CITY 0 -w �� -� n ' . w I1 i I C ~ 111 ,,R k11y, w itt ---- :Sig •. �� _.,-- 11 / HIL . -. - `I. Renton - iib 141.D.#58 Water_ . �� (Inside Renton),V r...._ 1 ;. _AtIlittli* p. . ,� �1��: . I � Wasm • W. ter 111/� I / �.� Co-op -- - — II _iliffll� ..._. Seat tle�� Y � �,} ... ........_ Water i CITY J)07I yl� ii.M0,00Ili1r ,,ILIIl mil• D WATE,' DI ICT No. 108 _ . - I j tO - it ; . . .. . ..: .. f {� I �� W� ER D No.58 l • .• ay CITY OFTil II Mr LEGEND: i aim... RENTON SERVICE BOUNDARY IMMgisolowN+ WATER DISTRICTS BOUNDARIES sit= FLUORIDATED AREAS (Shown in Renton only) CITY OF RENTON Lawrence J. Warren, City Attorney ..IL Daniel Kellogg - David M. Dean -Mark E. Barber -Zanetta L. Fontes -Theodore R. Parry Assistant City Attorneys November 6, 1986 TO: Dick Houghton, Public Works Director FROM: Lawrence J. Warren, City Attorney RE: Water Project No. 851 - Water Fluoridation System - Imco General Construction Dear Dick: I reviewed the enclosed contract and have the following comments: The public works contract bond is not adequate. The extent of the bond language does not meet the State statute. . Please refer to our normal bond form for appropriate language. Also, the contract itself needs to be signed by both the President and Secretary-Treasurer. The Corporation Minutes are not definite enough to permit me to conclude that only one officer can sign and bind the Corporation. When these two changes are made, the contract is approved as to legal form. Lawrence J. Warren LJW:nd Encl. cc: Mayor • .,__. �cc•__ n-.. cmc inn o o.-,.... _ n,....,,., av :.. .. . . nonc7 _ IIAKI 1cc-12i7Q . CITY OF RENTON to '` ., Lawrence J. Warren, City Attorney rd1 Daniel Kellogg - David M. Dean-Mark E. Barber -Zanetta L. Fontes -Theodore R. Parry Assistant City Attorneys November 6, 1986 TO: Richard Houghton, Public Works Director FROM: Lawrence J. Warren, City Attorney RE: Professional Services Contract Amendment #4 to Water Fluoridation Design by RH2 Engineers Dear Dick: The addendum as forwarded to meis approved as to legal form. Apparently it is necessary to add public restrooms to the fluoridation building, move the fluoridation building, design a 300 foot extension to the sanitary sewer for the public restroom, design and replace 500 feet of storm sewer, intercept and divert freeway drainage and make certain improvements to the chlorination building at Springbrook Springs. All of these tasks together with a revised grant application to DSHS for the fluoridation equipment will increase the contract almost $19 ,000 .00 . I presume that your Department feels like all of these tasks are necessary and that the amount bid is reasonable. If that is the case,. the contract is approved as to legal form. I note that this is an addendum to the prior contracts which require insurance and other protections for the City. 4110 awrence J. Warren LJW:nd cc: Mayor Post Office Box 626 - 100 S 2nd Street - Renton, Washington 98057 - (206) 255-8678 JV Renton City Council 11/11/85 Page five Consent Agenda Recess MOVED BY TRIMM, SECONDED BY MATHEWS, COUNCIL RECESS FOR FIVE MINUTES. CARRIED. Time: 9:50 p.m. Council reconvened at 9:55 p.m. ; roll was called; all members were present. CONSENT AGENDA Items on the Consent Agenda are adopted by one motion which follows the listing: South Renton City Clerk submitted report of appraisal from Renton Village Village Place Company for vacation of South Renton Village Place in the Vacation amount of $7.00 per square foot for the 58,655 square feet Appraisal included in the proposed vacation, and Public Works Director' s VAC 004-85 recommendation of approval . Council concur. Campbell Claim Claim for damages in the amount of $472.26 filed by Richard , for Damages Lee Campbell , 1301 South Puget Drive #31 , for replacement of CL 53-85 two custom billard cues, alleging failure by Renton Police to adequately secure property (10/6/85) . Refer to City Attorney and insurance service. Puget Power Claim for damages in the amount of $1 ,011 .09 filed by Puget Claim for Sound Power and Light Company, P.O. Box 329, Renton, for Damages damage to power pole at 700 High Avenue South allegedly CL 54-85 caused by City backhoe (9/16/85) . Refer to City Attorney and insurance service. Nunn Claim Claim for damages in the amount of $78.92 filed by Alta E. for Damages Nunn, 238 Pelly Avenue North, for plumbing expenses incurred, CL 55-85 allegedly caused by broken City sewer pipe (7/25/85) . Refer to City Attorney and insurance service. Final Approval - Public Works Department submitted CAG 024-85, Houser Way Houser Way & and Williams Avenue bridge painting contract; and requested Williams Avenue approval of the project, authorization for final pay estimate Bridge Painting in the amount of $9,430.65, commencement of 30-day lien period, Project and release of retained amount of $1 ,764.40 to Atterton CAG 024-85 Painting and Construction, contractor, if all required releases have been received. Council concur. MOVED BY REED, SECONDED BY MATHEWS, COUNCIL ADOPT THE CONSENT AGENDA AS PRESENTED. CARRIED. CORRESPONDENCE Letter was read from Richard S. LeCappelain, Major Administrator Garbage Collection of the Salvation Army, requesting exemption from the City' s Exemption Request mandatory garbage collection law since the operation generates minimal amount of trash. MOVED BY MATHEWS, SECONDED BY REED, COUNCIL REFER THIS MATTER TO THE ADMINISTRATION. CARRIED. Fluoridation Letter was read from Mary B. Parrott, 7102 South 129th Place, Seattle, opposing fluoridation of the City' s water supply and noting that the measure was approved by 2,903 voters, or 17% of the City' s registered voters. Mayor Shinpoch advised that the City is prepared to move forward on the fluoridation program as approved by mandatory ballot. OLD BUSINESS Referencing discussion during public hearing regarding Bus & Truck on-street parking of buses and trucks, Councilman Stredicke Parking cited Title X of City Code which prohibits bus and certain truck parking on City streets between the hours of 9:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. in SR-1 , SR-2, R-1 through R-4, T and G zones. Green River Councilwoman Mathews presented a report outlining the Green Valley River Valley Transportation Action Plan of the King County Transportation Subregion, Special Transportation Projects Program Committee, Action Plan on which she serves. The plan identifies needs for major road improvements in the Green River Valley by various jurisdictions. The Washington State Department of Transportation, King County, and cities of Tukwila, Kent, Renton and Auburn will participate in funding along with the Puget Sound Council of Governments. The study area includes 1-405 to SR-18, and 1-5 to SR-515. Scope of work was described and Renton' s "in kind" contribution (staff time) was estimated at $4,000 of the total project budget amount of $80,000. MOVED BY y. OF . ., ' - ° THE CITY OF RENTON ,� Z MUNICIPAL BUILDING 200 MILL AVE. SO. RENTON,WASH. 98055 o o BARBARA Y. SHINPOCH, MAYOR • MAXINE E.MOTOR, 4 CITY CLERK • (206) 235-2500 014). SEP1��O4Q November 12, 1985 Mrs. Mary B. Parrott 7102 South 129th Place Seattle, WA 98178 Dear Mrs. Parrott: The Renton City Council at its regular meeting of November 11, 1985 reviewed your letter of November 7, concerning the flouridation proposition on the General, Election ballot.: Your letterwas presented by Council Member Robert Hughes. Thank you for your concern. Yours truly, CITY OF RENTON "2761 Maxine E. Motor City Clerk cc: Mayor Council President Councilman Hughes RECEIVED NOV 8 1985 7102 South 129th Place CITY OF MENTON Seattle , WA 98178 CITY COUNCIL November 7 , 1985. Robert ughes, Member of Renton City Council 200 Mill Avenue South Renton, WA 98055 Dear Mr. Hughes : Thank you for your telephone call last Monday in response to the material I mailed to you. According to this morning' s Record-Chronicle , only 2,903 voters were in favor of adding fluoride to Renton' s water supply. Now I wonder: Are Mayor Shinpoch and the members of the City Council aware that as of August 7 , 1985, there were 17 ,102 registered voters in the City of Renton? Consequently, 2, 903 means that only 17 per cent of Renton' s registered voters who , knowingly (or, rather, unknowingly) voted yes to fluoridation . Surely, no one can consider that insignificant minority to be a mandate to fluoridated That isn' t even a luke-warm responses Let ' s remember that the promoters ' reliability hinges on the people ' s gullibility. Your bringing this information to the attention of Mayor Shinpoch and to the other members of the Renton City Council would be sincerely appreciated. Respectfully, 721a4. s'Otir/A--(41 Mary B Parrott 255-28 1 P.S . You can lead people to water, But you cannot make them drink . You can force a city to fluoridate If its people cease to think . Copy to Record-Chronicle 11:::::11 King County Executive _ Randy Revelle Department of Executive Administration Lauraine D.Brekke,Director MEMO TO: City of Renton FROM: Ellen Hansen • Manager of Records and Elections DATE: October 4, 1985 Enclosed please find an Order of Election for 1 proposition This is to acknowledge receipt of your ordinance/resolution calling for a Special Election to be held on November 5, 1985 The ballot title and text of the proposition(s) is that which will appear on the official ballot for the election. If you have any questions regarding the title and/or text, please contact this office immediately upon receipt of this memorandum. Thank you for your assistance. EH/bs enc. CITY OF RENTON ;OCT 8 1985 pLCIIYRK'S CLEOFFlCE--r_-177 11--]OWLS_. Records and Elections Division 553 King County Administration Building 500 Fourth Avenue Seattle,Washington 98104 (206)344-4200 AN ORDER OF THE MANAGER OF RECORDS AND ELECTIONS AS SUPERVISOR OF ELECTIONS WHEREAS, on September 5, 1985, the Council of the City of Renton, King County, Washington, did present their Ordinance No. 3932, dated August 26, 1985, wherein they request that a Special Election be held for the submission to the qualified electors of said city of a proposition; and WHEREAS, said City finds that an emergency exists and requests that said Special Election be held in conjunction with the General Election on November 5, 1985; and WHEREAS, said Ordinance provides the ballot title of said proposition; NOW THEREFORE, BE IT ORDERED by the Manager of Records and Elections, as Supervisor of Elections, that I do hereby concur in said request for a Special Election to be held on November 5, 1985, for the purpose of submitting to the qualified electors of said city the following proposition: PROPOSITION NO. 1 Should Renton fluoridate city water supplies consistent with levels recommended by the State Department of Social and Health Services with program costs funded through water utility rate adjustments? YES NO Dated at Seattle, Washington, this 3rd of October 1985. ettl.".) 4116°64-444^- Ellen Hansen Manager •of Records and Elections as Supervisor of Elections a r VALIDATION REQUIREMENTS SPECIAL ELECTIONS IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE GENERAL ELECTION NOVEMBER 5, 1985 MINIMUM YES TOTAL VOTE MINIMUM TURNOUT VOTE--60% NOV. 6, 1984 40% of NOV. 6 OF 40% KING COUNTY Prop. No. 1 - Tax Levy for Emergency Medical Services 658,629 158,072 Prop. No. 2 - Woodland Park Zoo Bonds - $31,500,000 658,629 263,452 158,072 CITY OF AUBURN Prop. No. 1 - Park Bonds - $2,970,000 11,317 4,527 2,717 Prop. No. 2 - Street Improvement Bonds - $4,922,000 11,317 4,527 2,717 CITY OF CARNATION Prop. No. 1 - Police Protection Excess Levy 419 101 CITY OF DUVALL Prop. No. 1 - Excess Levy for Full-Time Firefighter 377 91 Prop. No. 2 - Excess Levy for Police Services 377 91 Prop. No. 3 - Excess Levy for Street Maintenance 377 91 CITY OF NORTH BEND Prop. No. 1 - General Obligation Street Improvement Bonds - $140,000.00 794 318 191 CITY OF PACIFIC Prop. No. 1 - General Obligation Bonds - $200,000 1,013 406 244 CITY OF RENTON Prop. No. 1 - Fluoridation of city water supplies SIMPLE MAJORITY FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT NO. 43 Prop. No. 1 - Authorizing Property Tax Levy SIMPLE MAJORITY FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT NO. 44 Prop. No. 1 - Authorizing Property Tax Levy SIMPLE MAJORITY FIRE PROTECTION DISTRIT NO. 47 Prop. No. 1 - General Obligation Bonds - $100,000 365 146 88 VALIDATION , Page 2 FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT NO. 50 Prop. No. 1 - Authorizing Property Tax Levy SIMPLE MAJORITY PARK AND RECREATION DISTRICT NO. 2 Prop. No. 1 - Five-Year Regular Tax Levy 4,513 1,084 Prop. No. 2 - Recreational Facilities Bonds - $900,000 4,513 1,806 1,084 PROPOSED ANNEXATION TO THE CITY OF BELLEVUE Prop. No. 1 - Proposed Annexation to the City of Bellevue SIMPLE MAJORITY Prop. No. 2 - Assumption of Indebtedness 38,786 15,515 9,309 PROPOSED INCORPORATION OF THE CITY OF FEDERAL WAY Prop. No. 1 - Federal Way Incorporation SIMPLE MAJORITY All propositions require a 60% approval, except those noted "Simple Majority". If the total votes cast on a tax levy proposition should be less than the present 40% minimum requirement but have an affirmative number of votes equal or greater than 60% of the minimum validation number, the proposition would pass. PREPARED FOR: Ellen Hansen Manager of Records and Elections BY: Donald R. Perrin Superintendent of Elections KING COUNTY, WASHINGTON King County Executive Randy Revelle Department of Executive Administration Lauraine D.Brekke,Director CITY.OF RENTON MEMO TO: City of Renton :OCT 1985 ATTN: City Clerk 1LCRY JIIT1 FROM: Donald R. Perrin - DATE: October 1, 1985 • This is to acknowledge receipt of your OrdinancetR sotatiinm No. 3932 calling for a Special Election to be held on November 5, 1985 The ballot title and text of the propositions) are being reviewed by the Office of the Prosecuting Attorney and the Office of the Assessor. When this review has been completed, you will receive a copy of. the Order of Election for the proposition(s). If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact this office. lydr; Records and Elections Division 553 King County Administration Building 500 Fourth Avenue Seattle,Washington 98104 (20613444200 l OF R ,y THE CITY OF RENTON `� Z MUNICIPAL BUILDING 200 MILL AVE. SO. RENTON,WASH. 98055 oiall immn .{ o BARBARA Y. SHINPOCH, MAYOR • MAXINE E.MOTOR, 9A `O CITY CLERK • (206) 235-2500 04:17.ep SEP August 28, 1985 • Patricia Lavery 1100 N. 38th Street Renton, Washington 98055 RE: Ordinance No. 3932 - Establish Ballot Title Regarding Fluoridation of City Water Supplies Dear Mrs. Lavery: Enclosed is a copy of the fluoridation ordinance as adopted by the Renton City Council on August 26, 1985. This ordinance is being hand carried to King County Records and Elections. Please advise your fellow committee members. If you have any further questions, please contact this office. Yours very truly, CITY OF RENTON Maxine E. Motor City Clerk Enclosure cc: Mayor Council President MEM/gn OF I �� 1 ° THE CITY OF RENTON MUNICIPAL BUILDING 200 MILL AVE. SO. RENTON,WASH. 98055 oNIL • BARBARA Y. SHINPOCH, MAYOR • MAXINE E.MOTOR, qo Q,`O CITY CLERK • (206) 235-2500 941 0 SEPW° August 27, 1985 HAND CARRY King County Records and Elections Division 553 King County Administration Building 500 4th Ave. Seattle, WA 98104 Attention: Don R. Perrin, Supt. of Elections Re: November 5, 1985 General Election Dear Don: Attached is a certified copy of the City of Renton Ordinance No. 3932 adopted August 26, 1985 by the Renton City Council requesting a Special Election beconducted within the City in conjunction with the General Election November 5, 1985 to determine whether or not to fluoridate the City's water supplies. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to call. Yours truly, CITY OF RENTON Maxine W. Motor City Clerk MEM/mks cc cc: Mayor Council President o)24() rd i rawNO 393 "NOL ,r;d e„ `P► /ems • • • • AFFIDAVIT OF PUBLICATION - O - QITY'OF'RENTON,WASHINGTON' ORDINANCE NO:3932. "'`. I'"• AN''ORDINANCE OF THE"CITY OF. , being first duly sworn on oath states that RENTON,••WASHINGTON;'•ESTAB- ' ! he/she is the Chief Clerk of the USIjINGABALLOT TITLE REGARD <+ , FLUORIDATIQN'.Qk?:CITY.WA-' `i • TER SUPPLIES . • "•• •••.l WHEREAS the City Council of the City of VALLEY NEWSPAPERS Rentori has previously determined that it wishes-.an" election,to,be•conducted'on Daily News Journal, Daily Record Chronicle, Daily Globe News ',Whether.;or•"not:to'fluoridate;City.'water.• "Supplies;and",�'•-''` '. .' .' . .`�- • - . . •.WHEREAS•that election Is proposed to. Daily newspapers published six(6) times a week.That said newspapers . :.. • .. • • are legal newspapers and are now and have been for more than six be conducted during the General Election 'to be held on November 5,•1985;and• months prior to the date of publication referred to,printed and published •, .n WHEREAS'it' to•establish " in the English language continually as daily newspapers in Kent, King the•proposed.ballot title,.NOW.THERE County, Washington. Valley Newspapers have been approved as legal FORE, ' THE CITY COUNCIL OF.THE'CITY"OF newspapers by order of the Superior Court of the State of Washington for RENTON, WASHINGTON.QO OADAIN King County. ;AS FOLLOWS:• . . •. "' ,• SECTION If The following ballot title is '`adopted by the City Council of the City•of The notice in the exact form attached,was published in the Daily News Renton as t estion to be submitted to the voteersrs aatt tthhe November 5,•1985 Journal—, Daily Record Chronicle X, Daily Globe News , (and General glection; s t; not in supplement form) which was regularly distributed to its • ` subscribers during the below stated period. The annexed notice a Should Renton fluoridate City water Ordinance NO. supplies consistent with levels worn- Ordinance 3932 mended•by the State Department of was published Ori August 30, 1985 R1095 z Social.and'Health Services wter.utth og `, ram'costs funded through:water.utility rate adjustments? - SECTION II:This Ordinance shall be effective upon its•;passage; approval and,five•days'after.publication. The full amount of the fee charged for said foregoing publication is the PASSED BY THE CITY COUNCIL:.: this`26th day'of.August, 1985: : . sum of$29-70 . • ;`` : : . •.. 'Ma>rine.E. Motor,,City,Clerk, ;•; APPROVED BY THE MAY.90,:thiy 26th".day,of , . • • . BarbaraAugustY.Shinpooh.1985 . , M• ayo,r,, ,i %.; Approved as to form:. Lawrence J'.Warren,'City-Attorney' PLbli&Med in' the Daily'Record Subscribed and sworn to before me thisth �,t !� ugust� ,w.1 ; ,1 �t.;,;� 5 day of Sept 19 85 A Notary Public for the State of Washington, residing at Federal Way, King County, Washington. VN#87 Revised 10/84 Renton City Council 8/26/85 Page nine Old Business continued Planning and Planning and Development Committee recommended amendment Development of the Zoning Ordinance regarding accessory buildings as Committee follows after finding that accessory buildings in single Accessory family zones should support the residential activity: Buildings in 1 ) A maximum of two detached buildings and/or structures, Single Family up to a maximum of 720 square feet for each building, as Zones ordinarily associated with single family dwellings: or 2) One detached building or structure up to a maximum of 1 ,000 square feet for each building, as ordinarily associated with single family dwellings; or 3) The total floor area of all accessory buildings shall not be greater than the floor area of the primary residential use. 4) The lot coverage of the residential structure along with all accessory buildings shall not exceed the maximum lot coverage of this zoning district. MOVED BY STREDICKE, SECONDED BY KEOLKER, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE COMMITTEE REPORT AND REFER THIS MATTER TO WAYS & MEANS COMMITTEE. CARRIED. Proposed Revisions Planning and Development Committee has completed its review to Manufacturing of the proposed revisions to the Manufacturing Park, Office Park, Office Park, Park, Light Industry and Heavy Industry zones as attached Light Industry & to the Committee report and available from the City Clerk. Heavy Industry Chairman Stredicke asked each Councilmember to review Zones ' proposed ordinances prior to first reading on 9/9/85. MOVED BY STREDICKE, SECONDED BY KEOLKER, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE COMMITTEE REPORT WITH REGARD TO THE PROPOSED MP, OP, L-1 and H-1 ZONING REVISIONS, AND REFER THESE ORDINANCES TO THE WAYS AND MEANS COMMITTEE. Upon inquiry, Policy Development Director Larry Springer reported that ,following review of whether or not to allow retail uses in industrial zones, the Committee was convinced the City should be concerned about the impacts of retail uses, especially strip commercial , rather than banning retail outright. Therefore, the Committee determined that retail uses, such as Costco, should be allowed with certain restrictions to mitigate their impact to the surrounding areas. These conditions would monitor signing, curb cuts, traffic movements, merchandise displays, etc. and require retail development to be part of larger, planned complexes. MOTION CARRIED. S. 2nd Traffic Councilman Stredicke complained about unsynchronized traffic Signals signals on South 2nd between City Hall and Rainier Avenue 'last weekend. ORDINANCES AND RESOLUTIONS Ways and Means Ways and Means Committee Chairman Clymer presented a report Committee recommending the following ordinance for first reading: Quintinskie An ordinance was read changing the zoning classification. Rezone of property located at 426 Burnett Avenue South from B-1 R-031-85 ' with restrictive covenants to B-1 with amended restrictive covenants for Quintinskie, File No. R-031-85. MOVED BY CLYMER, SECONDED BY HUGHES, COUNCIL REFER THIS ORDINANCE BACK TO COMMITTEE FOR TWO WEEKS. CARRIED. Chairman Clymer explained that the ordinance, on first reading on 8/12/85, has been revised to delete day care centers as an allowable use. Councilman Stredicke indicated concern that the original rezone restricted business uses to a beauty shop, and this rezone allows all business uses except day care centers in a predominantly single family neighborhood. MOTION CARRIED. Ways and Means Committee Chairman Clymer presented a report recommending the following ordinances for second & final reading: Ordinance #3932 An ordinance was read establishing a ballot title for Fluoridation the fluoridation issue to be submitted to voters at Ballot Title 11/5/85 General Election: "Should Renton fluoridate city water supplies consistent with levels recommended by the State Department of Social and Health Services Renton City Council 8/26/85 Page ten Ordinances and Resolutions continued Fluoridation with program costs funded through water utility rate Ballot Issue adjustments?" MOVED BY CLYMER, SECONDED BY HUGHES, continued COUNCIL ADOPT THE ORDINANCE AS READ. ROLL CALL: ALL AYES. CARRIED. Ordinance #3933 An ordinance was read amending a portion of Title I Fee Schedule (Administrative) and a portion of Section 4-722 of Title Amended IV (Building Regulations) of City Code relating to Fee Schedules. MOVED BY CLYMER, SECONDED BY HUGHES, COUNCIL ADOPT THE ORDINANCE AS READ. ROLL CALL: ALL AYES. CARRIED. It was noted that the refund policy for land use applications referred for revision on 8/12/85 was included in this ordinance. Park Board The Ways and Means Committee concurred in the Mayor' s Appointment appointment of Mr. Robert F. Logue to the Park Board to complete the term of Tom Teasdale, who has resigned. The term will be effective to 6/1/88. MOVED BY STREDICKE, SECONDED BY HUGHES, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE RECOMMENDATION OF THE COMMITTEE. CARRIED. Vouchers Ways and Means Committee Chairman Clymer presented a report recommending approval of Vouchers 8659 through 8915 in the amount of $979,036.98, having received departmental certification that merchandise and/or services have been received or rendered; Vouchers 8660-8663 machine voided. MOVED BY CLYMER, SECONDED BY HUGHES, COUNCIL APPROVE THE VOUCHERS AS PRESENTED. CARRIED. NEW BUSINESS MOVED BY REED, SECONDED BY KEOLKER, COUNCIL POSTPONE REGULAR Committee of the COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE MEETING FOR SEPTEMBER FROM 9/12/85 Whole Meeting TO 9/19/85. CARRIED. Date set in response to request for Rescheduledpresentation by Washington State Department of Transportation on 1-405 "S" curve alternative route. Zoning Article Council President Reed urged all Councilmembers to read law article transmitted by City Attorney regarding zoning administration. Group W Cable Community Services Committee Chairman Keolker asked that letter received from G. L. Roberts, 16162-139th Place SE, Renton, on 8/23/85, opposing Group W Cable rate increase and citing poor installation service by that company, be referred to Community Services Committee. Reporter Welcomed Tony Davis, Daily Record Chronicle reporter who has just joined the staff to cover City Hall news, was welcomed by Mayor Shinpoch. ADMINISTRATIVE Mayor Shinpoch reported that the ceremony to introduce the REPORT new E-911 emergency reporting system for unincorporated E-911 Operation areas of King County will be held at the new Valley CommCenter headquarters on 9/4/85. All elected officials will also be invited to the official ribbon cutting ceremony for the Valley CommCenter, completed three weeks ahead of schedule, to be CommCenter held sometime during the month of September. Water Emergency Upon inquiry, Mayor Shinpoch advised that the City does have Communications its own equipment to monitor reservoir levels and materials illegally deposited in the City' s bodies of water. She will check on services performed by Valley Comm pertaining to water emergencies. Seattle-King Mayor Shinpoch indicated that Councilwoman Mathews has agreed County Bond to critique material submitted by King County Council regarding Issue for joint Seattle-King County bond issue to support Woodland Park Woodland Park Zoo project. King County residents are being asked to Zoo participate in funding since they represent approximately one-half of the facility' s visitors. It was MOVED BY STREDICKE, SECONDED BY REED, THE RENTON CITY COUNCIL GO ON RECORD SUPPORTING THE CONCEPT OF A COUNTY-WIDE BOND ISSUE TO SUPPORT WOODLAND PARK ZOO. Councilman Clymer spoke in opposition to the motion, citing concerns regarding T • WAYS AND MEANS COMMITTEE COMMITTEE REPORT AUGUST 26, 1985 ORDINANCES The Ways and Means Committee recommends the following ordinance for first reading: Quintinskie Rezone (R-031-85) from B-1 with conditions to B-1 with amended conditions and further amended by the Ways and Means Committee to exlude daycare centers as a permissable use. The City Clerk is directed to advise the applicants of the proposed change to the ordinance. The Ways and Means Committee recommends the following ordinances for second and final reading: Fluoride Ballot Title Legislation Amending Fee Schedule APPOINTMENT The Ways and Means Committee concurs in the Mayor's appointment of Mr. Robert F. Logue to the Park Board to complete the term of Tom Teasdale, who has resigned. The term will be effective to June 1 , 1988. REFUND POLICY FOR LAND USE APPLICATIONS (Referred 8/12/85) Requested change was included in the recent ordinance dealing with changes to the fee schedule ordinance. Therefore, no additional legislation is necessary. APPROVAL OF VOUCHERS The Ways and Means Committee recommends approval of Vouchers No. 8659 through o. 8915 in the amount of $979,036.98. IW 40h lk 111 AAA ymer, C airman qk ✓-2 Thomas 'r mm Robe ' flu . es CITY OF RENTON, WASHINGTON ORDINANCE NO. 3932 AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF RENTON, WASHINGTON, ESTABLISHING A BALLOT TITLE REGARDING FLUORIDATION OF CITY WATER SUPPLIES WHEREAS the City Council of the City of Renton has previously determined that it wishes an election to be conducted on whether or not to fluoridate City water supplies; and WHEREAS that election is proposed to be conducted during the General Election to be held on November 5, 1985 ; and WHEREAS it is necessary to establish the proposed ballot title, NOW THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF RENTON, WASHINGTON DO ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS: SECTION I: The following ballot title is adopted by the City Council of the City of Renton as a ballot question to be submitted to the voters at the November 5,1985 General Election: Should Renton fluoridate city water supplies consistent with levels recommended by the State Department of Social and Health Services with program costs funded through water utility rate adjustments? SECTION II: This Ordinance shall be effective upon its passage, approval . and five days after publication. PASSED BY THE CITY COUNCIL this 26 th day of August, 1985 . Maxine E. Motor, City Clerk APPROVED BY THE MAYOR this26th day of August, 1985 . App ved astIAIform: 0t31.' CMCJ 4, ,Skoc,"'Pr• + � Barbara Y. Shinp ch, Mayor Lawrence J. leiltren, City Attorney Date of Publication: August 30, 1985 Renton City Council 8/19/85 Page three Ordinances and Resolutions continued Quintinskie Rezone uses allowed is a day-care center, which is a concern R-031-85 cont. due to the proximity of the site to the VFW Hall . City Attorney Warren discussed options to modify the Hearing Examiner's report on the matter and revise the ordinance accordingly. Ways and Means Committee Vice-Chair Trimm presented a report recommending the following ordinances for first reading: Fluoridation An ordinance was read establishing a ballot title for Ballot Title the fluoridation issue to be submitted to voters at November 5, 1985 General Election: "Should Renton fluoridate city water supplies consistent with levels recommended by the State Department of Social and Health Services with program costs funded through water utility rate adjustments?" MOVED BY TRIMM, SECONDED BY HUGHES, COUNCIL REFER THIS ORDINANCE BACK TO COMMITTEE FOR ONE WEEK. CARRIED. Fee Schedule An ordinance was read amending a portion of Title I Amended (Administrative) and a portion of Section 4-722 of Title IV (Building Regulations) of City Code relating to Fee Schedules. MOVED BY TRIMM, SECONDED BY HUGHES, COUNCIL REFER THIS ORDINANCE BACK TO COMMITTEE FOR ONE WEEK. CARRIED. Ways and Means Committee. Vice-Chair Trimm presented a report recommending the following resolution for adoption: Resolution #2614 A resolution was read authorizing the Finance Director to Early Payment of make early payment of claims before the City Council has Claims and acted to approve those claims, subject to certain Establishment of conditions; and authorizing the Finance Director to Petty Cash Funds establish and maintain necessary petty cash funds not to exceed the sum of $500.00. MOVED BY TRIMM, SECONDED BY HUGHES, COUNCIL ADOPT THE RESOLUTION AS READ. CARRIED. Upon inquiry, City Attorney Warren explained that these two procedures are already in effect; resolution brings the City into compliance with State law and Auditor's request. ADMINISTRATIVE In response to Council inquiry some time ago regarding REPORT improvement of the Shattuck Avenue railroad undercrossing, Shattuck Avenue Mayor Shinpoch reported that investigation shows that in Undercrossing over 12 years, there have been only 11 non-injury accidents in that location. Since the cost to upgrade the crossing is estimated at $1 ,000,000, and accidents have been infrequent, it is recommended the project not be pursued. The City will encourage motorists to exercise caution through the use of signage warning of the sight-restrictive nature of the area. Councilmembers suggested cost of a trip light be investigated, and proposed installing a plaque reflecting historical information regarding the crossing, used formerly to herd livestock from one pasture to another. Federal Revenue At a recent meeting with U.S. Congressman Rod Chandler- to Sharing Funds discuss proposed loss of $814,000 in federal revenue sharing by the City of Renton in 1987, Mayor Shinpoch was told that cities must tighten their belts. She indicated her opinion that sacrifices must not be asked of people who already cannot feed their families, and she intends to continue, to fight for revenue sharing since the City is not in a position to provide funding for the many social agencies now helping the disadvantaged. Record Chronicle Mayor Shinpoch announced that Tony Davis has recently been Reporter Welcomed assigned by the Daily Record Chronicle to cover City Hall news. WAYS AND MEANS COMMITTEE COMMITTEE REPORT AUGUST 19, 1985 ORDINANCES AND RESOLUTIONS The Ways and Means Committee recommends the following ordinance for second and final reading: Quintinskie Rezone (R-031 -85) from B-1 with conditions to B-1 with amended conditions - 426 Burnett Avenue S. The Ways and Means Committee recommends the following ordinances for first reading: Fluoride Ballot Title Legislation Amending Fee Schedule The Ways and Means Committee recommends the following resolution for reading and adoption: Cash Disbursement Policies (1 . Authorize early payment of claims, and 2. Authorize establishment and maintenance of petty cash funds) --- Thomas Trimm Robe Hughes OF R4, 4..1Yr 44 O OFFICE OF THE CITY ATTORNEY • RENTON, WASHINGTON U t$ C62 POST OFFICE BOX 828 100 S 2nd STREET • RENTON, WASHINGTON 98057 266-8878 •alL 0 mom LAWRENCE J. WARREN, CITY ATTORNEY DANIEL KELLOGG, ASSISTANT CITY ATTORNEY AO P DAVID M. DEAN, ASSISTANT CITY ATTORNEY QA SEPS° MARK E. BARBER, ASSISTANT CITY ATTORNEY ZANETTA L. FONTES, ASSISTANT CITY ATTORNEY August 14, 1985 MARTHA A. FRENCH,ASSISTANT CITY ATTORNEY TO: Renton City Council Members FROM: Lawrence J. Warren, City Attorney • Dear Council Members: At the Council meeting of July 22, 1985, I was asked to inquire as to whether or not a floridation ballot issue needed an indication that it was mandatory. I checked with the .King County Elections Department and was told that unless the ballot did not indicate that it was advisory only, it is mandatory. Hopefully this answers your question. Should you require further information, please let me know. 7 Lawrence J. Warren LJW:nd Encl. • cc: Mayor . • 4 • q i Renton City Council 7/22/85 Page six Old Business continued Committee of The Committee requested that Personnel Policy 300-41 , Salary the Whole Plan Administration, be held in Committee of the Whole to continued allow additional discussion. MOVED BY REED, SECONDED BY Council Policies HUGHES, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE COMMITTEE REPORT. CARRIED. Parks & Public Council President Reed presented a Committee of the Whole Works 1985 Capital report regarding the Parks and Public Works 1985 Capital Improvement Improvement Projects. Directors of both departments presented Projects an informational report which outlined status of each project. In response to a recommendation from the Park Board and a youth committee, the Committee recommended that playground equipment be installed in Jones Park, and funding in the amount of $16,000 be transferred from Contingency unto Parks Capital Expenditure Fund. The Committee further recommended referral to Ways and Means Committee for legislation. MOVED BY REED, SECONDED BY MATHEWS, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE COMMITTEE REPORT. CARRIED. Community Community Services Committee Chairman Keolker presented a Services report concurring in the recommendation of the Public Works Committee Department to paint light standards and railings in. the Maintenance Central Business District. (Referral identified light of Light standards and benches in error.) All steel luminaire poles Standards at these intersections will be cleaned and painted white: and Railings S. 3rd Street, Burnett Avenue S. , Williams Avenue S. , Wells in CBD Avenue S. and Main Avenue S. Cost of cleaning the 18 poles is $110.00 each. plus tax. All steel railings on S. 3rd Street will be painted for the lump sum of $2,400.00 plus tax. - These funds are budgeted in the 1985 Public Works CIP budget. ' MOVED BY KEOLKER, SECONDED BY STREDICKE, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE COMMITTEE REPORT. CARRIED. Enforcement Councilwoman Keolker questioned mechanisms employed by the of Development City for enforcement of commitments made either by developers Requirements or City staff at community group meetings held to discuss new developments in the neighborhood. She commended City staff for meeting with homeowners associations to explain the extent of improvements required of developers. However, enforcement as well as communication between departments and the Board of Public Works, which is responsible for granting extensions for these requirements, were questioned. Mayor Shinpoch felt that all commitments received by community groups from developers or the City should be in writing to assure a common understanding of the matter by both sides. She also agreed to research the record regarding the Lincoln Properties development improvements at the request of Council- woman Keolker and Mrs. Larson. Utilities Utilities Committee Chairman Hughes presented a report Committee recommending adoption of the ballot question regarding Fluoride fluoridation of City water supplies, proposed for the Ballot Language General Election ballot on November 5, 1985, to be submitted to the King County Records and Elections Division: "Should Renton fluoridate City water supplies consistent with levels recommended by the State Department of Social and Health Services with program costs funded through water utility rate adjustments? Continued The Committee recommended adoption of the ballot. question and referral to Ways and Means Committee for preparation of the necessary legislation. MOVED BY HUGHES, SECONDED BY KEOLKER, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE COMMITTEE REPORT. CARRIED. Upon inquiry, it was determined that the ballot is mandatory not advisory. Building Utilities Committee Chairman Hughes presented a report Moratorium in recommending the building moratorium defined in Resolution Northeast No. 2392 be lifted with the condition that no sanitary Quadrant sewer connections nor occupancy of buildings would be allowed until completion of the Honey Creek sewer project. MOVED BY HUGHES, SECONDED BY CLYMER, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE REPORT. ?CARRIED. Chairman Hughes advised anticipated completion of all three phases of the sewer project by year' s end. UTILITIES COMMITTEE COMMITTEE REPORT JULY 22, 1985 FLUORIDE BALLOT LANGUAGE The City Council , by previous action, has decided that the public shall vote in November to determine whether the city's water system should be fluoridated. The King County Records and Elections Division requires that the Council submit language toserveas the ballot question. The Utilities Committee recommends that the following ballot question be adopted and referred to the Ways and Means Committee for preparation of the necessary legislation: Should Renton fluoridate city water supplies consistent with levels recommended by the State Department of Social and Health Services with program costs funded through water utility rate adjustments? Rose—�J. ugh , Chairman ry (-N\ Earl Clymer ` a by Keo l er / r' Renton City Council June 24, 1985 Page six CONSENT AGENDA - Continued Fluorid Issue Mayor Shinpoch submitted proposed alternatives for ballot issue al of Language ' wording on fluoridation of the City's water system. Refer Utilities Committee. to Metro Interlocal Public Works Department submitted interlocal agreement with Metro Agreement to add bus lanes on South 43rd Street in conjunction with LID 329. Bus lane work to be accomplished by the City, combined in the LID at Metro's expense. Refer to Transportation Committee. South Tobin Street Public Works/Engineering Department submitted CAG 037-84, South Sanitary Sewer Tobin Street Sanitary Sewer Project, and requested approval of Project Final Pay the project (terminated by mutual agreement on 6/18/85), • authorization for final pay estimate of $1,217.73, commencement of 30-day lien period, and release of retained $2,745.40 to Ford Construction Company if all required releases are received and no liens are filed. Council concur. Consent Agenda MOVED BY REED, SECONDED BY TRIMM, COUNCIL ADOPT THE CONSENT Approved AGENDA AS PRESENTED. CARRIED. • OLD BUSINESS . Transportation (Aviation) Committee Chairman Mathews Transportation a report concurring in the recommendation of the PubliceWorksd Committee Department to award Watermain Project #804, Schedules A and B, Renton Airport to Manfred Duske Excavation in the total amount of $159,317.93. Watermain Bids Committee also concurred in the Department recommendation to WP W-804 release the low bidder, Bay Cities Construction, Inc. , from • their bid with no penalty, due to a bidding error, and that the Mayor and City Clerk be authorized to sign the Manfred Duske Excavation contract documents. MOVED BY MATHEWS, SECONDED BY TRIMM, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE REPORT. CARRIED. Pacific Northwest Councilman Mathews reported that dedication of the telephone Bell Phone Booth booth advertising campaign by Pacific Northwest Bell Company Advertising had been held, and PNB has donated 10% of 'telephone booth Donation advertising space within City limits to the City of Renton for public information purposes. Utilities Committee Utilities Committee Chairman Hughes presented a report recom- City Hall/ , mending the Mayor, and City Clerk be authorized to enter into an Highlands Library agreement with the low bidder for completion of the energy Energy Conservation conservation project in the Police level of City Hall and that Projects the City Council reject bids for the Parking lot lights at City Hall and energy management system at the Highlands Library. MOVED BY HUGHES, SECONDED BY KEOLKER, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE UTILITIES COMMITTEE REPORT. CARRIED. Release of Utilities Committee Chairman Hughes presented a report cor_ Easement - ring in the recommendation of the Public Works DepartmenttoDavis Avenue South release the easement granted for a water main constructed by the developer on Davis Avenue South, immediately South of South 43rd • Street, which falls within a dedicated roadway and is no longer necessary to the. City. The Committee recommended the Mayor and City Clerk be authorized to sign the necessary documents. MOVED BY HUGHES, SECONDED BY KEOLKER, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE UTILITIES COMMITTEE REPORT. CARRIED. Release of Utilities Committee Chairman Hughes presented Easement - ring in the recommendation of the Board ofPubliceWorks ctocur- One Valley Place release the easements on the interior lot lines of the plat of Plat One Valley Place, Davis Avenue South, and South 43rd Street, due to plans to construct buildings which will extend over lot Renton City Council June 24, 1985 Page five AUDIENCE COMMENT - Continued Reconvened Council reconvened at 10:12 p.m. ; roll was taken; members previously listed were present. Victoria Hills Moved by Mathews, seconded by Keolker, the charge for appeal Remand Appeal be waived for both the Victoria Hills Homeowners Association PPUD-008-85 and for the Luckey Company. Councilman Trimmuestioned whether (Luckey Company) this would establish permanent Council polio. for all similar Continued future situations. Councilwoman Keolker voiced opposition to creating a blanket policy, noting special i�i�, rcumstances in this instance. Councilman Hughes spoke against the motion, recommending policy be established befo 'e a precedent is set. Roll call requested: 3 aye's: Reed, athews, Keolker; 3 no's: Trimm, Clymer, Hughes; Stredicke abstained. Councilman Stredicke indicated he had abstained/from action on this matter due to potential violation of Appearance of Fairness Doctrine (see minutes of 5/06/85) and intended to remain neutral in this vote. Motion failed (lack of majority). City Attorney Warren clarified that, if both document/and fee deadlines are met, an appeal would exist. (See latermotion, page 7. ) Quendall Terminals Alex Cugini addressed Council/regarding a letter from James C. Well #5 Hanken, 1218 Third Avenue, Seattle, attorney for Quendall Terminals. Mr. Cugini apo],�ogized for Council not receiving the letter earlier; Councilman/Clymer explained the letter had been addressed to his home and/he would furnish Council with copies. Mr. Cugini explained that Quendall Terminals is under consideration by the Environmental Protection Agency to be included in a "Superfund site" due to the existence of Renton Well #5, located appx ximately 1-1/2 miles from Quendall Terminals; however, dell #5 was terminated in the early 1960's because of high mineral content. Quendall Terminals requests the City notify the EPA that ,Well #5 is dormant and no current established plans exist to rehabilitate and/or redevelop the well. / Continued Councilwoman M `thews noted Well #5 had been included in the City Well Study and/ recommended investigation of those conclusions. MOVED BY CLYNER, SECONDED BY HUGHES, THIS CORRESPONDENCE WITH REGARD TO WELL #5 BE REFERRED TO THE PUBLIC WORKS DIRECTOR, THE UTILITIES COMMITTEE, AND THE BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS FOR REVIEW AND REPORT BACK TO COUNCIL. CARRIED. CONSENT AGENDA Items on/the Consent Agenda are adopted by one motion which followythe listing. Lot Line Adjustment Build�,� ng and Zoning Department submitted proposal for payment Application Fee of recording fee and inceased application fee to $100 for lot Increase lin/ adjustments due to revision of the Lot Line Adjustment pr,-cedure. Refer to Ways and Means Committee. Shoreline Master :uilding and Zoning Department submitted amendment to Shoreline Program Amendment :Master Program regarding Section 7.08.01 on Landfills, as required by the State Department of Ecology, and recommended the public hearing be set for 7/15/85 for review. Council concur. Tunnel Systems i Court case filed by John D. Blankinship, attorney for Tunnel, Court Case Systems, Inc. , as action to foreclose against Public Works bond • in the name of H. L. Jacobson Construction Company; work completed by Tunnel Systems at an agreed value of $7,800, due 12/17/84 and remaining unpaid. Refer to City Attorney and insurance service. Claim for &amages Claim for damages in the amount of $15,000 filed by Andrew B. M. Lindse, Weiner, attorney for Melinda Lindsey, 17010 - 29th Avenue South, Seattle, for stress and other effects of alleged false arrest and imprisonment by Renton Police Department on 9/06/84. Refer to City Attorney and insurance service. , I � . For.Use By City Clerk's Office Only A. I . # AGENDA ITEM RENTON CITY COUNCIL MEETING s x=saxx =sass====a =alas==s=== SUBMITTING Dept./Div./Bd./Comm. EXECUTIVE For Agenda Of June 24, 1985 (Meeting Date) Staff Contact Mike Parness (Name) Agenda Status: SUBJECT: Ballot language for fluoride issue Consent X Public Hearing Correspondence Ordinance/Resolution Old Business Exhibits: (Legal Descr. , Maps, Etc.)Attach New Business Proposed alternatives for Study Session A. ballot question Other B. C. Approval : Legal Dept. Yes No N/A COUNCIL ACTION RECOMMENDED: Finance Dept. Yes_ No. N/A Other Clearance 'LA'' Refer to Utilities Committee fnr cnnsideration FISCAL IMPACT: Expenditure Required $ -0- Amount $ Appropriation- $ Budgeted Transfer Required SUMMARY (Background information, prior action and effect of implementation) (Attach additional pages if necessary.) The City Council has determined that the voters in November shall decide whether the City's water system will be fluoridated. Proponents of the drive to fluoridate our water would like to see the ballot title established as soon as possible so that they may use the language in their campaign and educational materials. According to the King County Records and Elections Department, the ballot question should contain no more than 20 words andmust be phrased in the form of a question that can be answered yes or no, PARTIES OF RECORD/INTERESTED CITIZENS TO BE CONTACTED: SUBMIT THIS COPY TO CITY CLERK BY NOON ON THURSDAY WITH DOCUMENTATION. i EXHIBIT A Shall the City of Renton fluoridate its drinking water by adjusting the fluoride content to the recommended level of 1 ppm for prevention of dental disease? (The cost in 1990 is estimated at 530/month to each single family dwelling.) YES; NO Should Renton adjust the fluoride content in city water supplies to the recommended level for dental disease prevention? (The cost in 1990 is estimated at 53c/month to each single family dwelling.) YES: NO • Should Renton fluoridate city water supplies to the recommended level for dental disease prevention and pay expenses from water rates? ' YES; NO • _, ,‘ Fluoridation ' ` forces see \ ' Daily Record Chronicle May 15., 1985 battle aheaø By JIM McNETT • Staff Reporter . Opponents of fluoridation are us- ing "scare tactics" to influence Renton voters who must decide in November whether the city should add the anti-cavity chemical to its - water supply, fluoridation propo- nent Trish Lavery said Tuesday. ' - Lavery, founder of Renton Citi- zens for Better Dental Health,said members of organized anti-fluorida- • tion groups from outside the city have added misleading health infor- mation to the city's public fluorida- tion file. Lloyd Halladay, a fluoride oppo- nent from Bellingham, has also telephoned the King County Nurses • Association questioning that group's endorsement of fluoridation for Renton's water,Lavery said. - Contacted in Bellingham by tele- fJ o r i d e r phone Tuesday,Halladay confirmed Fli that he challenged the nurses associ- ation on their support of the fluoride Continued from page Al measure. have in .the,rebut seemsitis verywell- Halladay is a member of the quackery and a member of the documentedjust fabri- National Health Federation (NHF), . . Pennsylvania Medical Society's cated, and the way they get around an organization that opposes such . committee on quackery, 10 NHF that is by misspelling'fluoridation.' health meati res as smallpox and officials have been in legal difficul- It's a verycommon tactic." polio vaccination.He said"freedom ty for selling health products with Alma Miller-Ware, executive di- of choice" in medical matters is a false or misleading claims.Four of rector of the in County Nurses concern of the organization. them have received prison sent- Association, said Halladay contact- centralences for such activities. According to Dr.Stephen Barrett, Laverysaid Halladay, ed her earlier this year and chal- the co-author of a book on medical and pose- lenged her group's endorsement o� ' See FLUORIDE,page A3 ibly others connected to the NHF or . fluoride. other anti-fluoride groups,have be- "He said we didn't poll all of our gun the campaign that proponents members,which is a true statement, but we are su anticipated. "We know for instance that the Ppalt " of anything Y that promotes health, Miller-Ware have presented some material at said. City Hall,"she said."The supposed Halladay said he has not submitt- anti-fluoride literature that they ed anything for addition to Renton's fluoridation information. He said "There is no such thing as a debate fluoride causes adverse health ef- with them," Lavery said. "They fects and damages plumbing, but don't want to hear facts or discuss denied that he or the NHF use scare the issues. They distribute scare t tactics. statements.It has been proven over "My response is,(the NHF)claims and over again that there is no are labelled by proponents as scare problem with it." . tactics, but they're backed up by She said Renton's fluoride propo- medical information you can find in nents who worked to have the,City the medical library at the Universi- Council place the issue on th'e ballot ty of Washington," Halladay said. for next November expected the • Lavery said she debated Halladay out-of-town opposition. And they last year in front of the Renton expect the challenges to get tougher Democratic Club. She said he and as voting day approaches. other organized anti-fluoride activ- "It's going to get heated. They'll ists linked fluoride to acid rain, try to persuade the people that baldness,kidney ailments and aller- maybe they should not vote for the gies. fluoride in November,"she said. OF i ,y 0 THE CITY OF RENTON yt' MUNICIPAL BUILDING 200 MILL AVE.SO. RENTON,WASH.98055 n " ' o BARBARA Y. SHINPOCH, MAYOR • MAXINE E.MOTOR, 09A `O CITY CLERK • (206) 235-2500 0,9q?EO SEPS00 April 2, 1985 TO: Mike Parness FROM: i yn Petersen RE: Fluoridation Ballot Issue September 20, 1985 is the deadline for submission of special election ballot issues to King County Records and Elections for the General Election on November 5, 1985. The City Council must adopt an ordinance no later than September 9, 1985 to meet that deadline. The ordinance takes effect five days after publication on September 18, 1985. Proposed wording for the ballot issue must beincluded in the ordinance, must be limited to 20 words, and must pose a question answerable by yes/no or for/against, such as: • Shall the City of Renton fluoridate its public water supply. and all expense thereof be paid by the water ratepayers? Issue adopted by Sept. 9 (in effect 9/18) , submitted to King County. Records and Elections by 9/20 for General Election 11/5/85 . Election ballot limited to 20 words with yes/no or for/against answer, such as: Shall the City of Renton flouridate its public water supply and all expense thereof be paid by the water ratepayers? 5 RENTON CITY COUNCIL Regular Meeting March 11 , 1984 Municipal Building Monday, 8:05 p.m. Council Chambers M I N UTE S CALL TO ORDER Mayor Barbara Y. Shinpoch led the Pledge of Allegiance to the flag and called the meeting of the Renton City Council to order. ROLL CALL OF JOHN W. REED, Council President; NANCY L. MATHEWS, THOMAS W. COUNCIL MEMBERS TRIMM, EARL CLYMER, ROBERT J. HUGHES, KATHY A. KEOLKER, RICHARD M. STREDICKE. CITY STAFF BARBARA Y. SHINPOCH, Mayor; LAWRENCE J. WARREN, City Attorney; IN ATTENDANCE MICHAEL W. PARNESS, Administrative Assistant; MAXINE E. MOTOR, City Clerk; LT. CLAUDE EVANS, Police Department. , MINUTE APPROVAL MOVED BY REED, SECONDED BY MATHEWS, COUNCIL APPROVE THE CITY COUNCIL MINUTES OF MARCH 4, 1985 AS WRITTEN. CARRIED. ' AUDIENCE COMMENT Pat,r_icia Lavery, 1100 N. 38th Street, Chairperson of Renton Fluoridation Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, expressed - (Ballot Issue, appreciation to Mayor Shinpoch, Council members, and City November, 1985) staff for the fine manner the fluoridation issue has been considered during the past year. Special thanks were extended to Administrative Assistant Mike Parness for his assistance in outlining necessary steps to bring the issue before the City Council . She indicated that the primary objective, to educate the citizens of Renton on the merits of fluoride, will continue to be met through efforts of the Committee. CONSENT AGENDA Items on the Consent Agenda are adopted by one motion which follows the listing: Traffic Signal City Clerk reported bid opening 3/6/85 for Traffic Signal System Equipment System Equipment; one bid received; Engineer' s estimate: Bid $116,225.00 (Group 1) , $58,775.00 (Group 2) , $175,000.00 (Total) . Refer to Transportation Committee (See Old Business) . Rieck Claim Claim for damages in an undetermined amount filed by Gerald T. for Damages Rieck, 375 Union Avenue SE, #52, Renton, for paint damage to CL 10-85 auto allegedly caused by rocks from roadway construction on Union Avenue SE between NE 4th Street and Leisure Estates Mobile Home Park (8/84 - 3/85) . Refer to City Attorney and insurance service. Moncrief Claim Claim for damages in the amount of $1 ,268.31 (low estimate) for Damages filed by Jimmie L. Moncrief, 119 Main Avenue South, Renton, CL 08-85 for broken windshield and chipping of automobile paint allegedly caused by City equipment breaking up concrete on Main Avenue South (2/28/85) . Refer to City Attorney & insurance service. Frost Court Court case in an undetermined amount filed for William W. Case Frost, 1924 NE 21st Street, Renton, by legal counsel , Brokas and Martin, for injuries received in an auto accident allegedly caused by City failure to: 1) maintain roadway, 2) maintain proper guardrail , and 3) provide adequate hazard warnings in the 2200 block of NE 31st Street (Claim for Damages file CL 32-84) (6/6/83) . Refer to City Attorney & insurance service. Jackson - Court case in the amount of $74,490.35 filed by Jackson Development Development, Inc. , Wick Homes, Inc. , and Hillis Homes, Inc. Court Case in class action suit for alleged illegal Community Facilities Charges under Ordinance No. 3547. (3/1/82 - 9/26/83) Refer to 'City Attorney and insurance service. Ellison Fluid Public Works/Airport Department submitted Ellison Fluid Systems, Inc. Systems, Inc. request for lease of area to test aircraft Lease and engine fuel injection system; and potential purchase of Purchase Request leasehold interest in Old Vocational School Building #5-01 . Refer to Transportation (Aviation) Committee. MOVED BY REED, SECONDED BY STREDICKE, COUNCIL APPROVE THE CONSENT AGENDA AS PRESENTED. CARRIED. i CITY OF RENTON {' •rr. �� I hi___, W.D.#107 (Inside Rentcn) I WATER •. 1 , �1 �, 7 RENTON SERVICE AREA I I ;� WATER DIS Q� _ � ---- FLUORIDATED AREAS •--- ; i l' No. 107 j SURROUNDING WATER DISTRICTS 1 ■ — 1 -.. n\-.--- Ilisimmi •=1111111111111111110. 1141r ————7 W.D.#63 r ■L , i- LAKE A L .• w, `� D. 90 • 1G ��•>,, WASHINGTON IU : r' Renton t 01"11.) W.D.#14 1 ■'�I 1' �� /, •‘. NI ii gi F yew r ----1: �(� M Renton,47.ter, Irl x ._... _....l ill Immo •BCE•..) I I trill 51 ■1l ;R DISTRICT. ®1Mplri' 11111 N.1111116.% �s s /-WEST 'HI 11 VOStilialligl7j No. _ 90 I. 111 .„;.. 1 • _ . ., 1„ §Iii... , , „,.. minim Appor"- 1 NE Ft 1 :. 111•Ellit ■ CITY O �—�i � � lq � il _ 1 D .rte �! __ ��d 111 41,,,,,_____ :, _A• 1 ��• I I` JenHIL �� — - -Renton Wrh,---. i ..-IP.D.#58 r/"\C. _�a ;lrMidil.la . Insde Renton) ill N \ .,(i\��:�- tarit , _ • Wasm - W. ter -TaSeattllif e' x ��fli'fljA j Water y CITY , / • 1 111111ZAT TUKWI• \ :: . 1.----1, ._ Mai 1III0I WATT• DIS ICT No. 108 i J. y ____ p .1 • • ER D No.58fi '- v--• CITY OF_':. T ,w• , — LEGEND : • r I , • 1 I • I I i ---- RENTON SERVICE BOUNDARY ' I ININNENEPWATER DISTRICTS BOUNDARIES 1). _____r FLUORIDATED AREAS _•, -r___ _• •_ '��i i (Shown in Renton only) Renton City Council 3/4/85 Page two Presentation continued Washington State savings benefits through conversion of the City's 13 patrol Energy Office cars. This analysis will be conducted by the WSEO energy systems engineer. Continued Energy efficiency of the City's water system will be assessed through review of energy consumption informationfor each of the City's wells and booster stations (four active wells, one artesian spring, nine booster pump stations, and six reservoirs serving 12 hydraulic pressure zones) to determine candidates for pump efficiency tests. If tests are warranted, WSEO will develop a contract for services. Continued Peter Skowland, Land Use Planner for WSEO, described substantial benefits from solar energy; and indicated that solar access ordinances have been developed for several Washington cities and counties, including Kent, to provide and protect solar access to structures by requiring certain setbacks to prevent shading. He indicated the desire to meet with Policy Development Director Larry Springer to discuss energy efficient land use practices. Continued Upon Council inquiry, Mr. Skowland stated that the solar approach takes the free energy from the sun and utilizes it to offset costly insulation and conversion measures to meet the same goal . He indicated that factors in land slope and structure height are calculated during the building permit process to assure solar access to new structures, adding approximately five minutes to the process. MOVED BY MATHEWS, SECONDED BY REED, COUNCIL DIRECT THE- ADMINISTRATION TO CONTINUE WORKING WITH THE WASHINGTON STATE ENERGY OFFICE ON COST EFFECTIVE METHODS TO CONSERVE ENERGY. CARRIED. AUDIENCE COMMENT John Hanson, 302 Surrey Building, Bellevue, representing owners Legal Description of Rainier Crest, 1190 Union Avenue NE, indicated discovery of for Whitman Court error in legal description of statutory warranty deed for NE Street Vacation a street vacation approved by the City in 1975. The deed for (Honeydew the vacation, a portion of Whitman Court NE within the Apartments) Honeydew Apartment complex, issued from Dura Development Company to the City of Renton, includes a portion of his client's. property. He requested authorization by the City Council for the Mayor and City Clerk to execute a quit claim deed describing his client's property in order to remedy the matter. City Attorney Warren reported that upon review of the matter, he concurs with the request, noting there is no need for the City to have this piece of property, and the error was made by Dura Development Company in misdescribing the property. MOVED BY HUGHES, SECONDED BY MATHEWS, THIS MATTER BE REFERRED TO THE ADMINISTRATION TO EXECUTE THE APPROPRIATE DOCUMENTS. CARRIED. Fluoridation Laurie Johnson, P.O. Box 161 , Renton, representing Rolling Hills Homeowners' Association, noted that the community had written to Council a year ago in support of fluoridation of the City'swater supply, and indicated that support remains strong as a beneficial health measure. She asked that the Council vote to institute a fluoridation program in Renton. MOVED BY STREDICKE, SECONDED BY HUGHES, COUNCIL SUSPEND THE REGULAR ORDER OF BUSINESS AND ADVANCE TO UTILITIES COMMITTEE REPORT UNDER OLD BUSINESS. CARRIED. Utilities Utilities Committee Chairman Hughes presented a report Committee recommending that the matter of fluoridation be referred to Fluoridaton—_. the City Council with no recommendation. MOVED BY HUGHES, 1Perred j SECONDED BY CLYMER, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE COMMITTEE REPORT. 7/23/84) CARRIED. Continued Background information was provided by Chairman Hughes. He advised that Renton voters defeated a fluoridation ballot issue in 1969. During 1984, several meetings were held to review the merits of fluoridation, and a public hearing was held January 14, 1985. The majority of the many letters, petitions and comments received have been in favor of fluoride; and information has been received indicating that fluoride helps reduce tooth decay in young people. However, most City water is not used for drinking purposes. Cost of Renton City Council 3/4/85 Page three Old Business continued Utilities initial implementation of fluoridation system is estimated Committee at $300,000 with a grant available for 40% of the equipment Fluoridation cost; annual maintenance costs are estimated at $100,000 or (continued) f 5U per month water rate increase per single family household. Since Renton has seven primary water sources, adding fluoride to the water supply is complex when compared to fluoridating water in Seattle, which has only one source. Alternative methods of dispensing fluoride are available to young people in the form of toothpaste, drops and dental treatments. Continued Correspondence was read from Bob Bergstrom, Engineering Supervisor, which reported that the 40% grant from the State Department of Social and Health Services Referendum 30 Grant Program would amount to approximately $28,000 of the total equipment cost estimate of $71 ,000. City Clerk Motor reported receipt of correspondence in support of fluoridation from Bob Hunt, 3908 Lake Washington Boulevard N. , Renton; and Rolf Dragseth, 1113 N. 38th Street; and petition containing 38 signatures in support from Taletta M. Wibmer, 1933 SE 19th Ct. Continued Councilman Stredicke felt that citizens of Renton should have the privilege of voting on the matter. Councilman Hughes indicated that although he is personally in favor of fluoridation, he is concerned for those citizens who would be forced to consume fluoride in the water supply against their will . Continued Testimony was requested by Councilwoman Keolker from Jim Bauman, Executive Director of Valley Community Clinic, and Jesse Tapp, Director of Seattle-King County Department of Public Health, in response to her questions at last Utilities Committee meeting. Mr. Bauman responded with information regarding establishment of a free fluoride drops program for all 6,329 children ages 3 to 16 in Renton. The program would require a full-time dentist and full-time dental assistant to screen patients and dispense prescriptions for fluoride. Office space would be required with accompanying expenses for supplies, telephones, equipment, etc. The total estimated annual cost for the first year would be $155,804 or $24.61 per patient. Gary Pipkin, 1120 N. 38th Street, noted that the number of patients requiring individual instruction on use of fluoride drops could be reduced by providing information to family groups. Continued Dr: Jesse Tapp reported that the American Academy of Allergies has gone on public record with the statement that there is no substantiated evidence of allergy related to fluoride consumption. Bottled water is available for those who may feel they have a sensitivity to fluoride. Water purifying systems on kidney dialysis machines remove fluoride and other substances from water, thereby removing that potential danger. F Fluoride has been prescribed as a medicine for treatment of osteoporosis, a bone disease. There is no evidence that consumption of fluoride is deleterious in any way. Continued Councilwoman Keolker thanked Mr. Bauman and Dr. Tapps for their research and response to her questions. She felt that with the information received regarding high cost and cumbersome administration of an alternative dispensing program, the fact, that there are no documented detrimental effects from the use of fluoride, and in view of positive health benefits to Renton' s children, approval should be given to proceed with the program. Therefore, it was moved by Keolker, seconded by Reed, the City of Renton embark on a program to fluoridate the City water supply.* Councilman Stredicke felt that decision should be placed before the voters of Renton. Councilwoman Mathews clarified that although a fluoridation ballot issue failed in 1969 in Renton, voters favored fluoridation in a State-wide ballot in 1976 by 64%. Roll Call : 2 Ayes: Reed, Keolker. 5 Nays: Stredicke, Hughes, Clymer, Trimm, Mathews. `Motion failed. MOVED BY STREDICKE, SECONDED BY TRIMM, THE SUBJECT OF FLUORIDATION BE PLACED BEFORE VOTERS IN THE NEXT GENERAL ELECTION OF THE CITY AND WORDING ON THE BALLOT BE MADE MANDATORY RATHER THAN ADVISORY. CARRIED. Renton City Council 3/4/85 Page four Consent Agenda Recess MOVED BY STREDICKE, SECONDED BY KEOLKER, COUNCIL RECESS FOR FIVE MINUTES CARRIED. Time: 9:24 p.m. Council reconvened at 9:31 p.m. ; roll was called; all Council members present. CONSENT AGENDA Items on the Consent Agenda are adopted by one motion which follows the listing: Annual Zoning Bui®ldi. & Zoning Department requested annual adoption of Map Zoning Map with addition of 17 zoning actions in 1984. Refer to Ways and Means Committee. Bid Opening City Clerk reported bid opening 2/22/85 for Houser Way and Williams Avenue Williams Avenue S. bridge painting project; 7 bids; Engineer' s Bridge Painting estimate: $80,000. Refer to Transportation Committee. Hours of Mayor Shinpoch requested fact finding hearing to evaluate Operation for hours of operation beyond 2:00 a.m. for cabarets as specified Cabarets in Title VI , Chapter 28, of City Code in response to request (Teen Clubs) submitted by Encore, Inc. , Wells Avenue S. , a teen-oriented dance club. Refer to Hearing Examiner. Water & Sewer Finance Department requested issuance of $2.6 million of Revenue Bonds Water and Sewer Revenue Bonds to finance capital construction for Capital needs in upgrading utility infrastructure through 1990. Refer Construction to Ways and Means Committee. (See Ordinances & Resolutions.) Hartman Claim Claim for damages in the amount of $50 (insurance deductible) for Damages filed by Gregory Hartman, 4313 Fourth Place, for windshield CL 07-85 allegedly damaged by rocks thrown from roadway from unattended rockpile (2/18/85) . Refer to City Attorney & insurance service. Cullen Rezone Hearing Examiner recommended approval with restrictive R-114-84 covenants of Allen Cullen Rezone, File No. R-114-84, for 0.15 acres located at 1900 SW 43rd Street from Business Zone (B-1 ) to Light Industry Zone (L-1) . Refer to Ways & Means Committee. Tee Signs at Park Department requested approval of Fayrway Signs, Inc. Maplewood Golf proposal for provision of free tee signs at Maplewood Golf Course Course as recommended by the Park Board. Refer to Community Services Committee. 1985 Water/ Public Works Department requested fund transfer for 1985 Water/ Sewer Construction Sewer Construction Fund financing in the amount of $300,000 Fund Transfer from Revenue Fund #128 (utility connection charges) . Refer to Ways and Means Committee. (See Ordinances and Resolutions.) Aero-Paint Public Works Department requested approval of lease assignment Lease Assignment from Aero-Paint Systems, Inc. unto 289 East Perimeter Road, Inc. LAG 02-73 (LAG 02-73) . Refer to Transportation (Aviation) Committee. MOVED BY REED, SECONDED BY STREDICKE, COUNCIL ADOPT THE CONSENT AGENDA AS PRESENTED. CARRIED. CORRESPONDENCE Letter was read from H. C. Bloss, Development and Construction Waiver of Manager of Schneider Homes, Inc. requesting waiver of easement Storm Drain fee for storm drain easement on Springbrook Watershed property Easement Fee (Parkridge East development) as stipulated in purchase agreement Requested with Fred Squires. MOVED BY REED, SECONDED BY TRIMM, COUNCIL (Springbrook REFER THIS CORRESPONDENCE TO THE ADMINISTRATION AND CITY Watershed) ATTORNEY FOR APPROPRIATE ACTION. CARRIED. OLD BUSINESS Planning and Development Committee Chairman Stredicke presented Planning and a report regarding Fence and Hedge Ordinance. Following review, Development the Committee directed staff to make two minor modifications Committee to the special conditions fee provisions for the City Attorney' s Fence and Hedge approval . The full Council would then consider the ordinance Regulations and the subcommittee' s recommendation for approval . MOVED BY STREDICKE, SECONDED BY MATHEWS, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE COMMITTEE REPORT, AND THE MATTER OF FENCE AND HEDGE REGULATIONS BE REFERRED TO WAYS AND MEANS COMMITTEE FOR APPROPRIATE ORDINANCE. • CARRIED. UTILITIES COMMITTEE COMMITTEE REPORT MARCH 4, 1985 FLUORIDATION (Referred 7/23/84) The Utilities Committee recommends that this matter be referred to the City Council with no recommendation. Rober J. Hughe , Chairman Z)r-C4m -r Kathy Keo er OF R4, 4r 0 PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT DESIGN/UTILITY ENGINEERING • 235-2631 oMUNICIPAL BUILDING 200 MILL AVE.SO. RENTON,WASH.98055 9,0 co. 09/TSD SErV°4O BARBARA Y. SHINPOCH March 4, 1985 MAYOR MEMORANDUM BCE/ E MAR 4 1985 TO: Barbara Y. Shinpoch, Mayor CI y®F ameoitolv FROM: Robert E. Bergstrom, Engineering Supervisor SUBJECT: Fluoridation and State Grant A 40% grant for equipment is possible from the State Department of Social and Health Services Referendum 38 Grant Program. Our equipment cost estimate is $71 ,000 and the City could expect possibly $28,000 from the Grant. This grant is about 10% of the total project cost estimate of $300,000. 13e7Si)Rober . Bergstrom :ckd e sTnrE edit JOHN SPELLMAN �4 t1 4 C • KAREN RAHM Governor �y�1889 a°y Secretary STATE OF WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AND HEALTH SERVICES Olympia, Washington 98504 • RECEIVED June 21, 1984 JUN 251984 CFIY OF RENTON MAYOR'S OFFICE • Michael W. Parness Administrative Assistant to the Mayor 200 Mill Avenue South Renton, Washington 98055 RE: Referendum 38 Funding of Fluoridation Equipment Dear Mr. Parness: • The Department of Social and Health Services Dental Health Unit has asked me to write to you concerning grant funding of fluoridation equipment. The Referendum 38 Funding Program. does participate in the purchase and instal- lation of fluoridation equipment with 40 percent grants. If you would like additional information regarding funding programs or the process regarding the funding program or the process, please call me at (206) 753-3528. Sincerel , -4,nrf(2 Peggy Johnson, Coordinatorio. Municipal Water Supply Funding Programs PJ:clu cc: Dr. Robert Faine, Dental Health Moe Batra, DSHS Engineer Ron Olsen Bob Bergstrom ' 0 REFERENDUM 38 MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY FUNDING PROGRAM GUIDELINES �xs REFERENDUM 38 MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY FUNDING PROGRAM GUIDELINES PROGRAM ADMINISTRATOR - ERIC SLAGLE ADMINISTRATIVE CONTRACTS: PEGGY JOHNSON, PROGRAM COORDINATOR 753-3528 GLENNA GERDTS, ACCOUNTING ASSISTANT 753-0918 ENGINEERING CONTRACTS: OLYMPIA REGIONAL OFFICE - CLALLAM, JEFFERSON, KITSAP, AND THURSTON - ETHAN MOSENG 753-5090 CLARK, KLICKITAT, LEWIS, SKAMANIA AND YAKIMA - KARL JOHNSON 753-0212 COWLITZ, GRAYS HARBOR, MASON, PACIFIC, WAHKIAKUM - SIMON TUNG 753-2452 REGIONAL SANITARIAN - BYRON PLAN 753-7432 SEATTLE REGIONAL OFFICE - EAST: SUPERVISOR, BOB JAMES 464-7671 KITTITAS AND PIERCE - BOB JAMES 464-7671 SAN JUAN, SKAGIT AND WHATCOM - PAUL CHENG 464-6398 REGIONAL SANITARIAN - GARY FRASER 464-5401 SEATTLE REGIONAL OFFICE - WEST: SUPERVISOR, MOE BATRA 464-7672 ISLAND, KING AND SNOHOMISH - MOE BATRA 464-7672 REGIONAL SANITARIAN - GARY FRASER 464-5401 SPOKANE REGIONAL OFFICE - NORTH: SUPERVISOR, TOM JUSTUS 456-3115 FERRY, GRANT, OKANOGAN, PEND OREILLE AND STEVENS - TOM JUSTUS 456-3115• CHELAN AND DOUGLAS - GEORGE SCHLENDER 456-3115 SPOKANE REGIONAL OFFICE - SOUTH: SUPERVISOR, DAN SANDER 456-3115 ASOTIN, COLUMBIA, GARFIELD, SPOKANE, WALLA WALLA, WHITMAN - DAN SANDER 456-3115 ADAMS, BENTON, FRANKLIN AND LINCOLN - TOM PETERS 456-3115 REGIONAL TECHNICIAN - GEORGE SCHLENDER 456-3115 irrl-/.) Eng pivision 1 (!y/c(l+Ren/t 1P IYq Itil- `G g Ji1 iU 1 7 /034 are either currently being managed or now having a written agreement to be managed by a larger utility. A satellite support system must be under public ownership when an offer of .funds is accepted. The resultant water system must be' owned and controlled by the municipality. The eligible costs, not eligible costs and funding process are the same as identified in the preceeding Construction Grants portion of this section. The only exception is that a copy of the DSHS acceptance letter of the satellite study needs to be sent to the DSHS Olympia headquarters with the local clearinghouse review form. 3. Equipment - A 40% grant may be requested for the purchase and installation of chlorinators, turbidimeters, master meters, fluoridation equipment and service meters. Eligibility for service metering funding is discussed after the following process. Funds for these equipment items may be requested without any other accompanying construction.' Process - I . a request is for more than $2,500 in referendum funds for purchase and installation of each chlorinator or turbidimeter or each master meter, the process isthe same as identified in the preceding Construction Grants paragraphs. If the total referendum grant requested for purchase and instal- lation of fluoridation equipment exceeds $2,500, the process is the same as identified inthe preceding Construction Grants paragraphs. If the total referendum grant requested for purchase and installation of service meters is for more than $25,000, the process is the same as identified in the preceding Construction Grants process paragraphs. If the referendum funding request does not exceed the amount specified in the preceding paragraph, the clearinghouse review form is not required. To request these "small" equipment grants alone, the first contact is with the DSHS Regional Office to discuss the proposed project. When there is mutual agreement on specific equipment, the DSHS Regional Office sends the Grant Application to the municipality. The completed Grant Application form is sent to the DSHS Olympia headquarters. When the DSHS Regional Office equip- ment recommendation form is received, a preliminant grant calculation will be made. It will be calculated as follows: The costs of the eligible items will be calculated from the funding application and will exclude not eligible costs. If the project includes chlorinators and/or turbidimeters and/or :fluoridation. equipment, 2% of the costs of eligible items will be calculated and added as an allowance for construction management. The preliminary grant amount will be 40% of the total of these two calculations. If the project only includes master meters and/or service meters, the 2% allowance will not be added. If there is a favorable funding decision and if funds are available, the municipality will be notified that a funding contract will be sent within three weeks. The mayor or district head will have one month to sign and date the funding contract and return it with the completed Report Form indicating the project completion date and cash needs: to. the DSHS Olympia headquarters. After the municipality has signed the funding contract, the DSHS Olympia headquarters must be sent documentation of all start of work as specified in the Construction Grant portion of this Section of these guidelines and in accordance with the timing specified in the preceding table and prior to payment being requested for specified work. 8-16-83 REFERENDUM 38 GUIDELINES XII-6 Barbara Shinpoch -3- June 6, 1984 maintenance staff member. Capital/Equipment Costs Fluoride Equipment $ 69,000 Buildings and Remodeling . 100,000 4,,�, ,,,, �, .. .�,,� Storage Building 20,000 ('.. • Lab and Test Equipment 2,000.1 Truck 10,000- $ 20.1 ,000 Professional Sevices Design Consultant 36,000 C/17.!".4 14"/ Inspection - Consultant 20,000 City Staff Support 15,000 71 ,000 • Initial Capital Costs 272,000 Rounded To $300,000 Annual Cost Sodium Fluoride at. $1 .00/lb x 53,000 lbs/year 53,000 Equipment Maintenance Parts 7,000 Operator Staff person - Grade 7 32,000 _ /- Vehicle rental 1 ,000 Utilities and Misc. Lab Supplies 2,400 Annual Costs - 1985 95,400 Rounded To . . $ 100,000 The period of time required for design and construction of the fluoride facili- ties is estimated at 18 months. Because of in-City staff work loads, and the technical requirement of the design, the facilities would be designed by profes- sional consultant engineers. The facilities would be built by contractors hired by public bidding. RENTON OPERATIONS Operation of a fluoridation system for Renton is an on-going effort. This effort .will require additional staff member to maintain and operate the equipment and monitor the fluoride content. Powder fluoride will be added to each plastic barrel saturator twice a week. Each workday the operator will collect samples of City water in the distrubition system and test to assure the proper fluoride content in the system. Any additional staff time will be used to operate and maintain the chlorination system. CONCLUSION The City' s Public Works Department has determined that fluoride could be added to ♦ r4 C4, .`t Walley Community Clinic A NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION 1025 South.3rd Renton,Wa.98055 226-5536 March 1 , 1985 To: Members of the Renton City Council From: Jim Bauman, Executive Director of the Valley Community Clinic Re: Establishment of a Free Fluoride Drops Program in Renton Goal - To determine the cost and feasibility of establishing a free fluoride drops program for all children ages 3 to 16 living in the City of Renton (ages 3 to 16 are the recommended ages for use of Fluoride Drops) Target Population - There are approximately 6,329 children ages 3 to 16 living in the City of Renton. (Figure obtained from the 1980 Census with a growth factor of 9.15% which is equivalent to the growth that occured in Renton in the 1970's) Factors Influencing Program Feasibility - There are several factors which would have to be considered in the development of a fluoride drops program: 1 . Fluoride drops are a prescription only item and would have to be prescribed by a dentist. 2. Since all program participants would need to be screened for residency eligibility it would not be possible to contract with local private dentists unless a seperate eligibility screening program was established. 3. People in the Renton community move on an average of once every 5 years so the program must anticipate about a 20% turnover in eligible participants per year. 4. Fluoride drops would only benefit residents during their childhood whereas water fluoridation benefits anyone with natural teeth. Some of the dental benefits achieved during their childhood would be lost as Renton citizens moved into adulthood. 5. Since there are 6,329 children in need of fluoride drops the program would have a very high volume of traffic. Thus a new program site would have to be developed that could handle that large volume of business. Proposed Program - The following describes the basic program which could provide fluoride drops for all children ages 3 to 16 living in Renton. 1 . The program would require a full time dentist and a full time dental assistant. The dentist would need to see about 30 patients per day in order to reach the entire eligible population in a one year period. 2. The program would require at least 600 square feet of space for a waiting area, reception and two offices/examination rooms. At least one telephone would be required. 3. Each patient would have to complete an intake form to determine residency eligibility. The dentist would have to complete patient history (very brief), provide education on the use of fluoride drops, dispense the drops and chart the action taken. 4. Program could operate on either a walk-in or appointment basis. However, without the services of a receptionist a walk-in basis seems preferable. r-' Proposed Free Fluoride Drops Program in Renton page 2 5. The program would operate the most efficiently if drops were given for one year at a time. However, this would mean that some people would receive drops for a year and spend most of the year living outside the City of Renton. A decision would need to be made on the time period drops were dispensed for. Cost - The following budget would provide for the operating costs of a fluoride drops program. It would not cover start-up costs (equipment, developing management systems, etc. ) . Budget Item Annual Cost • Dentist at $18.50 per hour 38,480 Dental Assistant at $7.20 per hour 14,976 Employers Taxes and Benefits at 20% 10,691 Subtotal Personnel Costs 64,147 Space 4,200 *Fluoride Drops (based on 1984 costs) 84,682 Supplies (office and operating) 875 Telephone 600 Insurance 1 ,300 Equipment N/A Miscellaneous/Other Cost N/A Total Cost $155,804 Unit Cost - 6,329 individuals at a total cost of $155,804 would mean a unit cost of $24.61 Total services that could be provided with $100,000 would be $100,000 divided by $24.61 or 4,063 individuals. Notes and Conclusions *Fluoride Drops - The cost of the fluoride drops is based on the lowest price available in local pharmacies in December 1984. 1 . All costs listed above are for February 1985 and will change yearly. A 25% to 30% increase in costs should be anticipated before 1990. 2. Although it would certainly be possible to provide a free fluoride drops program, it would not be a cost effective way for providing dental services. A dentist would want to do more with a patient than dispense fluoride drops when they came in for an appointment. And yet, since these are a prescription item the program would require a dentist. 3. The program described does not include any administration or management time. Obviously whether it was a new program or an extension of an existing program there would be some administrative costs. 4. The main drawback to such a program is that it would be much less effective than the less expensive option of fluoridation of water supplies. Patient compliance is a problem (taking drops every day for 13 years) and- it wouldn't protect adults at all . ,;,— • - l ..,5.,.(4,VA,. 6- 11e�L' wy 1(r.. a�F' (`a-� (�v /� 'tmlp' . e. RECEIVED • MAR 4 1985 • CITY OF RENTON ' CITY COUNCIL D 6 The Seattle Times ; 985 • ♦, !Y• b KS .W .y �y;s5✓g A t/y/f ss $ s k, i%^;i.:%. 't /dI'R .� ,/,% 1/'/F!>'%:-say"; ,rrz`i � :y,:: ... �§.• It ,,:a,w�, v.w:: ,ice; >. YA. ory.r. ,iss ,� r s. ^rA" .SF+.is )K YV. IM /: �rr y �% s., f: fir'. :/, rly N' s, r` .Jy. i pi's r �p ,/ �., S Y .1 � YY'�'lC"'v�'' �:" v-/. / xk ..� y 1 .,% J'. ri/.1/ �'r %j.5 1i j , i • �!', �r'i,�ik" rs<Y .Ys 71d Qui:4 G�� '" It • y „/�.,7 , C,+'# -f-..:f• f. tt' .1...fy`iz;/ i .Rt SF i7•:72,1:',#:,,N:a. \ • Wok s ,"1":4,1 TAN; 14.. ,,40.9.,40.4 2�X ;4` �i } - ...: .:.'. by Lary Ann Gwinn •, ; 1 ,,� i + 1 .M .,M Tiles staff reporter t.:.t':-. � � v • i 4,-,,t,?' � :114.,, }- y e� - • kpa -. // � pry "3 �'°tf g 1 'k ri�ynn, t` . at KY +w ane Pincus and Vilun a Diskin � :��'�/ ,� �tivr. 1 ,.�a . h, two of several'authors of the .�'r� WP .' , ,, F 1. ; f t~, ' '« ',) women's self-help medical ;' / 4e , ,!/Sv,, menual "Our Bodies, Ourselves i ` s : � 4 i * ° °+x''" � '��at, '13.1 ✓,+% � 'y�,X' � °" f S.1�Q "" �'�,sZ�,s ,�.,,y�,. halve put a few miles on their own , 1:0.;4 MN � � -1 u ` -C14 p, o xS9' :. Tr}',¢2 bodies since the first version of the , 14i1st', .-; Vii- ' } 3;t r +� book was published in 1969. But ;^ ..t..'4li , y `.fr.�ti 9 5. . ".'�_a ` ` �> "'�' �° fi;N, their enthusiasm for the book and Craig Fujii/ Seattle Times I • the feminist philosophy that under- Jane Pincus, left, and Vilunya Diskin are two of the authors of a new ! girds its message is undiminished. 647-page version of the self-help medical manual 'Our Bodies, f In-town to promote the newest 697- Ourselves.' page version of "Our Bodies, • Ourselves," (Touchstone, $12.95) they say the escalating profit the volume started out first as For example, the section on vene- motive in medicine makes it more mimeographed sheets, progressed real disease includes new informa- • important than ever for women to to a newsprint edition of 240,000, • tion on chlamydia and pelvic in- 1 make informed choices about their and exploded into distribution of flammatory disease. own medical treatment. more than 3 million copies World- Some new forms of medicine, "Our Bodies, Ourselves" took a wide. The book has been translated such as new methods of concep- then-revolutionary approach to into Spanish, though it's been tion, have increased women's women's health, though it's since banned in some Latin American choices, but Diskin asks: "Who's ber~n widely imitated. It told in countries for its pro-abortion controlling the technology? What's direct, no-nonsense fashion what stance. the potential 'for abuse?" Competi- wo'nen need to know about their • New chapters in the book tion for business may cause doc- . bodies and their health, and criti- include chapters on aging in worn- tors to .recommend more compli citd the medical profession for a en, alcoholism, drug abuse, smok- . "cated or expensive treatments pa?ernalistic viewpoint that failed ing and the new "reproductive than necessary. •• - toinform women of their options. technologies." Other sections, such Pincus believes a reactionary • „Coauthored by 11 women of the• as those on miscarriages, tnfertil- political climate has mitigated Beton Women's Health Collective, ity and rape have been updated. against programs for women, such '� as federal funding for clinics that -d' ' ' ---- — : ...., .. - . - , .... ..w— '' serve low-income patients. More- ''" -- ' - reduction 9s ahead of goal over. "it's bad form to call your- g self a feminist," she says, blaming New York Daily News . free. The reduction in tooth decay the prevailing philosophy of indi- is clearly related to.use of fluoride, indi- vidualism. .'hanks to fluoridation, the U.S. mostly added to public water Nonetheless, they say their Public Health Service has already supplies but also available in tooth book is a tome for everyone who t reached its 1990 goal for reducing pastes, mouth washes, drops and wants some control over their tooth decay in American children. other forms, the CDC says. health care. "It enables women to 1 The goal was to have 90 communicate and ask questions" percent of all 9-year-olds with no But anothergoal, to have 95 of their physicians, says Diskin. "We wrote the book because we t cavities in their permanent teeth percent of all Americans who get didn't know what questions to ' by the end of this decade. The their water from public supplies ask." ( latest nationwide survey by the (rather than wells and the like), is National Institute of Dental Re- lagging. Only 8,000 of the approxi- : 't search shows that 51 percent of 9- mately 60,000 public water supplies year-olds are cavity-free, reports in this'country have the roughly a the Centers for Disease Control. one-part-per-million of fluoride t In a 1971-73 survey,, only 29 that is recommended for cavity percent of 9-year-olds were cavity- protection,the CDC says. • 1.,urtS :5; City of Seattle King County �.:.,,�•• •, y Charles Royer,Mayor Randy Revelle,Executive s , • er ED Seattle-King County Department of Public Health Jesse W.Tapp,M.D.,M.P.H.Director :,t 4 1985 _ay uN ' ` - '' `. OFFICE March 1, 1985 The Honorable Barbara Shinpoch Mayor of Renton Renton City Hall 200 Mill Avenue South Renton, WA 98005 Dear Mayor Shinpoch: Subject: Fluoridation of Drinking Water When fluoridation of public water supplies was begun in this country forty years ago, questions were raised about the safety of fluoride, even though it is a naturally occurring element which had always been consumed by a large part of the population. Since that time there have been many scientific stu- dies done to assure the safety of fluoride and to test the hypotheses raised about possible ill effects. We can be thankful and thoroughly reassured that none of the fears have been substantiated while vast improvements in dental health have been achieved by a service which now is enjoyed by half the people in the country. There are a number of trace elements normally found in drinking water. 'No element has been more thoroughly studied and understood than fluoride nor provides such a dramatic benefit in such a small quantity. e There is no scientific basis for fears that fluoride is the cause of allergic reactions, cancers, exacerbations of arthritis, or other aging processes. All of us are subject to a large variety of health effects as we go through life, most of which are never studied or explained to our complete satisfaction. It is natural to expect that an individual might associate a particular health effect with one or another suspected cause. The science of epidemiology pro- vides us with the tools to evaluate possible health effects, and all of the results regarding fluoride at the recommended level for drinking water have been uniformly favorable: all benefits and no harm. Nevertheless, some indi- viduals will never be convinced that they have not been harmed. When the benefit is so great and the cost so low, we must not let the inevitable unfounded fears of a few persons deny the good for the entire population. ... .._n_. .... ..,i_•__3 ,._._____/_.,...- c.-......rl Co.,tt1. Wachin ttnn(2.1111M n69_ncnn r The Honorable Barbara Shinpoch Page 2 March 1, 1985 v, As you deliberate the need for fluoridation of Renton' s public water supply, I urge you to consider the benefit to be gained and to review the enviable safety record which has been demonstrated for this important health measure. There is no risk entailed in proper fluoridation. There is a great deal of dental disease resulting from the lack of fluoride consumption in Renton. As your public health physician, I recommend adoption of fluoridation for your community as soon as possible. Sincerely, Jes a W. Tapp, P.H. Director of Public Health JWT:mho P / 1 ." 7,0 �% � / -ate 9. ° 7der. ,..../rizg )e)04 -fiz % rscf,vZ - / i q 67 k ANNOUNCEMENTS "Christian Prayer and Meditation" A small group class, running the 4 weeks of March, begins tonight. Rev. Jim Thuirer, from the Snoqualmie UMC will lead the class, March 3-24, from 6:30 till 8:00 p.m. A small fee will cover Rev. Thuirer's expenses. Plan to come tonight. Today from 2-4 at Pigott Auditorium at Seattle University, the benefit for Sanctuary Churches and Central American Refugees will be given, including dramatic readings, and Central American music. A donation of $5 is requested. Sponsored by a task force of St. Joseph's Catholic Church, students of Seattle U. ,, and the Church Council of Greater Seattle. "Circle", by Jennifer Williams, is the new play being produced by la perusee DISCOVERY! Theater; sponsored by the Drama Task Force , of the Church Council of Greater Seattle. It is the story of a "circle" of frontier women in the 1850's. It shows at 8 p.m. Thurs.-Sun. , March 7-17, at University United Methodist Temple, 1415 NE 43d, Seattle. $5.00 Monday, March 4 at 8 p.m. the City Council will consider action to fluoridate Renton City Water. Tuesday, March 5, the Stewardship Committee will meet. Wednesday, March 6, Grace Circle meets at 11 a.m. Thursday, March 7, The Community Outreach Committee meets at 7 p.m. Saturday, March 9, 10:00 a.m. The Young Adults will collect newspapers and aluminum. !i� �'�/•/tA 'yam �i�^ ''� Gr2. 5s-- G Taletta M. Wit r egi, gs- aex) 63 494e..? DA ,O( 1-9e- rix))4 /(-77E-6 ffea .el4 1 1 o yil 4S-/A) z ,,d) .4' pe,, ,e-6 .,e-6 ..4te-e /,),g-iti-1 -• --/ : . , ,4Yee-Pla. ez fAle ,,,i, iajle a.d, i 495 1- 1/eku 11111111 , To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are .City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60% lesstooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer. dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. We, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: =NATURE ADDRESS n a,-____ /933 .s� /Of AV O 4.��. OP. • ' " c� .J — -/9 it.. "St lizieZeY-7, 96_'s3 / /64:1 ' - .. -7/'.-..1- d'• -Z:V_ _,5_61/.9(Z Eakl, ”-a-SX- . ...-, i r? i 7 ,e, ,,-.., :---)-. L ....„, „.., ,,, .d. ,,,,, ___-,-"- n, ........„_ _, ____,,,,,,,_. .., _.. „ , 4 CX L---. C-- ',-..? -Ai;i/C.-73__ __..,41-24./...z.rz_t...L _ .. 611_____ 7, , . . . .. . .. ...................... ___ A-4-__.-.K.f,„Q.____,11 ... _,..._. ._,e. 1... _ _ Le4th..4,0a„ 0..... ,. . 0 n,._._t_ :2002 ....s E 13.(-7----: • •I - -,13/.7...!_ '_c .__ _-o2vs) , s.. -. !$Tieco.„. ' ie, , _... ei reins ' -. - .-z- .- (. .,_ki... ...„. . ....2.P/7 S.4. i)r," 9-.-7' ,la___,, _ 7,e,,,i-0 . Com' ;y /4- 4:— -` ____ ! , ee f ei F' 4 1, 21.46:ed4,z712, _ . / ,.- ...________020___ _A 8—' .die— rfE 77_ lidS55 0 ft _ /4/S'-_ _ _.. ,e,40 - J g 3 3 S/ /7�cc,T Q .,,v/e' �f�cr-,5-3 — - /-e---- ---- ?,-F - -&6 -- apo /--6 --�7- ' , ` �" A 1 C - i'- Lc_ 2 , /iia St , /irb--A16,Lim, Xlc\ /ter Willifisfr r ---------PC? a F'jZ C __ / , _ ,1 9 O 55 ,� /'r _, __ 2a-2-. y- ,/7t9c -,--A/7-are/ 91 ._ ,j ' __ / y - �7�?-�r� A. . 9 ^. 4. • a _ /9 3)- - r dAte /7 Alze..64,05 reos-r- hia/fris - /70rZ/k./.7 /V///5 41/o- 5EBrAproN ,117e) 2314,41, /61147 4t7q5°s-S. iLifett_j4L/4TA- t \ 3 5,c / 7g1 r 77'PT- /42 9re cf-r ? 7 )W / 7 22/4/1c. Wiz`crv , Vo.s-.15" s- 2 7ie.c..t /-„ //te:16) a-1,-e 5 ”z7 •$ ' ; k tnc CL :./a,14.4 17). Si-_. (7, eh/ 1 I laelA).LItA 4,t(4 r----e s s 7 1"1:2 I e4,.1'12~4 • /7/2 /( A14 . , • • • • , C°A,err-(L fii—u-- RECEIVED fAR 1 1985 CITY OF RENTON CITY COUNCIL - Kng C.unty Nurses .�4� ®clarion 8511 Fifteenth Northeast Seattle, Washington 98115 206/523-0997 February 26 , 1985 Robert J . Hughes , Chair Utilities Committee Renton City Council 2000 Mill Avenue South Renton, WA 98055 Dear Mr. Hughes : We understand that a decision may be made on February 27, 1985, regarding fluoridation of Renton's water supply. In support of this action, we offer the following statement. The King County Nurses Association represents approximately 3,200 professional registered nurses (R. N.$) who practice in a variety of settings , including hospitals , clinics , schools , nursing homes , and community health agencies throughout King County. At least 133 members reside in the Renton area. As licensed health care professionals , members of the King County Nurses Association are concerned about preventive measures that maintain the public' s health. Public services and utilities have the responsibility to utilize measures that promote the public' s health safely, effectively, and economically. Water fluoridation has been proven to be an effective, safe, and economical public health measure in preventing tooth decay. Tooth decay affects the individual at physical , emotional , and social levels. Destruction of tooth material is the obvious physical problem. Not so obvious are secondary problems caused from tooth decay. Dental caries can interfere with optimum nutrition , positive self- image, and emotional and social well- being through their effects on normal physical functions and appearance. ✓Water fluoridation assists in preventing tooth decay safely, effectively, and economically. The King County Nurses Association therefore urges the Council to take the necessary steps to fluoridate Renton ' s water supply. Sincerely, & Viris Kenyon, . Patricia Lee, R.N. President Representative to Renton Citizens For Better Dental Health VK:PL:GR:sw , . .I RECEIVED - , 1 .- �. _I MAR 4 1985 , _et,,t_6(__7, ,a_j_.;,_, ,.E., ,, I .. _--c-c-c-Is ,i CITY COUNCIL IR .- � ` .---a/(� 7 - ' *_..67.-'—e..4 I -9' ,._ (. , =:, �1-z ,) ' "a` ,. --et-- !'. �. -e cJ .cif- Gc.A-u- ✓ _.-Z e�E.C.. 7 _doe d.e%Z' Q JFrG /i�I CCS -ems G<' a_ ._.. Gu--e L s--- -4--e- GCS A-1.G&, . -Q-n. a Lu._e_ G . L-X.� .-t. 6t•vc-1,_ , Lc..� 7' i—F `�u c�1`--____Y....6--' .-c-7L �-�-e-( b - 1 r ---X9._.1..,74- ..c_c - -b- !. / ) �el--p-6E- ! • Identity �entity3 •HEALTH The Wonderful World of Flouride The following article is taken from The New Times, September 1984.It originally appeared in the March-April issue of The Australian Flouridation News. Considering the dangerous consequences of this imposed ha=n-d, c r o! - r._:.-,.. repeating. How often do we hear some grand pronouncement Pictures,news items in the press,horrific pictures by dentists, doctors, toothpaste manufacturers, of the injuries from that nerve gas are shown on tele- suppliers of topical flouride gels and mouth washes, vision. but never do they explain to the Public that and of course the fertiliser and aluminium manu- the gas is made from the same chemical our responsible facturers, together with the many industries that government officials claim is so harmless and neces- heavily pollute our atmosphere with flourides, all sary to man. joining our Australian politicians and their bureaucrats President Reagan banned the flouride from leaving saying, "flourides are perfectly safe, and in fact are the USA saying he will not permit flouride chemicals essential to man and the environment?" to he used in chemical warfare. hut the American With tongue-in-cheek,the Government"enforce" people are wondering what sincerity there is in this laws that supposedly control flouride emissions,they statement by their President when he is quite happy leave it to the polluter to monitor their own flouride to allow flourides to be added to their drinking water pollution and tell the Environmental Protection supplies throughout the USA. Agency "everything's OK", "no worries", and the THE ENGLISH FOLLOW EPA accept those assurances on our behalf! No mention is ever made by the EPA or the Govern- the English followed the Americans with their banning of exports of the flouride chemicals, and ent on the excessive flouride pollution from the petro- although they are desperately trying to get legislation chemical, glass, steel, aluminium, oil refineries, fertiliser, brick, tile manufacturers etc. etc. and through for compulsory foundation in the UK,they never are the flouride pollution levels mentioned in appealed to European governments to follow with a the EPA Clean Air Report given to the media for ban on the flourides. The European countries have either banned, or daily announcements to the public. do not use flourides in their drinking water supplies. FLOURIDES FOR NERVE GAS 1984 If you follow, and choose to believe the dishonest Notice only the very limited media reports from and dangerous flouride propaganda published in the the USA and the UK on their banning shipments of Victorian Government Inquiry Report into Flourida- potassium flouride to Iran and/or Iraq. who are tion and Flourides,you can laugh at the action of the reported to be using the flouride as the principal USA and the UK.because the Victorian Government ingredient for their poison nerve gas. Report on Flourides and Flouridation is accepted 21 11 without any reservations by all Australian Go\ern- detain 1100 pounds of potassium Ilnuridc marked mems as their latest "scientific bible- on (lourides. for Iraq. THE VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT REPORT The US put an immediate ban on its export, "fur reasons that these chelnic+:s \v 111 be used to produceThe Victorian Report makes claims that oversea scientists.and Australian universities are one million chemical weapon . \A ari arc timnc ,r. nrrr.,- , , thnir n�trst'd r4'tnor+rc of hvrirnnnn Potassium tl(�UrldC' is the principal ingredient in flouride gas.A great assurance.if one is crazy enough the earliest form of the deadly ries c gas ae�eloped to trust or believe all the Australian governments who in Nazi Germany in about 1936. are more interested in hoodwinking the public. and Sarin.another nerve gas.described as a"superior protecting the establishment. rather than trying to nerve gas is dependant on its flouride formulation. A tiny amount of the nerve gas can kill virtually • understand and respect true and proven science relating ` instantaneously by paralyzing the nervous system. to )lourides and flouridation. t+ �r.narc m�rtnrc ctinh 'c nhnmir•ol nnc a '-far,, thus preventing the heart and lungs from functioning. ` ' What does thts demonstrate relating to tlourida- using flourides. is really not important because their tion. It highlights the missing investigations info the scientific advisers and the Australian politicians believe interaction of flourides in drinking water supplies by flnurides are perfectly "cafe" chemicals. and r•n1,1r1 not harm anyone or anything. Beliefs are no substitute those responsible for allowing compulsory mass medication with flouride on whole populations. Jul 111e11ce Dr. Emsley.the noted researcher in Kings College, • THE HARMLESS FLOURIDE GAS" London.said this about flourides and flouridation-- ; Perhaps the Iranians and the Iraqis can find a "When I used to hear things that flouride could friendly and more scientifically advanced government cause cancer and birth defects.about ten years ago.I in Australia for supplies of(Australian classifications) dismissed it completely because there was no way in harmless, inert. flouride chemicals. because they which I could see comethine so innocent as flouride know, publish, and guarantee that "even the most appeared to be at the time.doing something like this. susceptible plants can tolerate up to 100ppm HF Now,if you were to.tell me that.then I'd have doubts # (hydrogen flouride) from atmospheric sources.- about it, I must admit. YY C Just call t �n a It a Cicau tall vi Ileallll aJ \A SCIENTISTS Vs GOVERNMENT used to." (2GB Radio. 6-12 February. 1984) The USA.UK and Australian university scientists SUNDAY 1.5 APRIL 1984 show by research and studies that damage to plants is caused by one million times LESS hydrogen flouride 250.000 Australians marched in protest against than claimed by the Australian Government and its exports of uranium which MIGHT finish up in atomic scientists. weapons. With the assurance of the Australian governments The march was supported by the Government! and their supporting groups.such as the ADA.AMA Can you imagine the Government sponsoring a and the NH and MRC,all agreeing with that dangrous PROTEST MARCH AGAINST FLOURIDES and erroneous statement from the Victorian Govern- being used NOW in gas warfare? ment Inguiry on the dangers of hydrogen flouride gas. Yes, the same "Flouride ion" (F) used in our there seems little doubt that our Government would compulsory mass medication. delivered to your be happy to supply flouride chemicals in view of their house via the kitchen tap. 4 claims that they are perfectly safe. One newspaper has announced the Australian ACTION IN THE USA Government's suggestion through the Minister for Foreign Affairs.that Australia arrange an international The first action by the US Government(28/2/84) conference with the USA.USSR,and the UK.to ban .# was'an announcement by their State Department to the manufacturing of"chemical weapons". 1 lacm 1 i' CHEMICAL WEAPONS ARE "CHEMICALS" SUNDAY 29th APRIL The Australian Government officially named the The managing director of a\Vest German engineer- chemicals invol+ed in the nerve gas used in Iran and ing company was arrested. to stand trial for helping Iraq hut omitted to name the principal chemical the government of Pakistan to acquire a nuclear POTASSIUM FLOURIDE. weapon. it is alleged that the managing director supplied PJ Wh+ is the official list by the Australian Government equipment worth S6 million to a uranium heyatlour- • different from that published by the Governments ide plant in Pakistan. of USA and the UK who admitted flouride as the 1 he only possinle purpose of the uranium hexa- "PRINCIPAL COMPONENT" flouride plant is to convert natural uranium into raw material for an enrichment plant. The only use for © Why is the Australian Gov eminent and the media the enriched uranium. according to the British afraid to"name" the principal chemical (flcur'dc; magaznnc New .Scientists. is for nuclear ++capons. in the nerve gas they wish to ban? Yes,the same flouride ion again used in nerve gas. o Why is the word FLOURIDE hidden? for atomic bombs.and for your artificially flouridated • drinking water from your household tap. 0 Why does the Government say the formula for the horrific nerve gas"includes",certain chemicals. CONCLUSION BUT does not name FLOURIDE as the principal Our politicians and many Council aldermen must chemical? be deiiber ateiv coiuui-blind and unable to see even a ® How far can this flouride propaganda farce go? caution light. let alone the bright red danger signals being expressed throughout the world on the dangers o Does this again prove flourides are the'forbidden of flouride and flouridation, in allowing artificial words' for publication and flourides are the pro- flouridation of drinking water supplies to continue in tected poisons? Australia. o Is the reason because the flouride ion added by I ne Minister lot Foreign Affairs was devastatingly accurate, perhaps unwittingly. in summing up the Government compulsion to our drinking water supplies is the same flouride ion (F) that is the position and the danger of flouridation when he main ingredient in the most horrific war gas known said: — to man'.' "The loophole is a result of the chemicals in ques- tion (flouride) haying alternative civilian uses. as Nerve Gas is 10 times more lethal than mustard weif as their potential use in chemical warefare." gas: a tiny amount of nerve gas can kill virtually What is This Civilian Use? instantaneously by paralyzing the nervous system Compulsory mass medication by flouridating thus preventing the heart and lungs from functioning! the drinking water supplies of the Nation! CITIES OF THL PLA LA'continued from page 17 reference is the "the valley of Siddim - that is the one of the five Biblical cities of the Plain. It is sur- Salt Sea". (Genesis 14:3) rounded by a cemetery which looks to be almost as Of the three as yet. undisturbed sites. there is an large as the one at Bab-edh-dhra. identification on a famous mosaic map in Madaba, There is still much to be learned from these sites an hour's drive away,of the town of Safi.The Madaba and they may be highly significant in the on-going map was found on the floor of a 6th century A.D discussion regarding the historical period identified Byzantine church. On it, Safi is identified as Zoar, as the Patriarchal Age and when it should be dated. s, . .._.�... k." .L La,u�i-e...o!-e e et.GL�e! �C,w--LL.-..�L`nv, ....._....�.......�.o.� r...,.uweamv.,....—..,....�.-....- REPORTS region, although large, is clearly bk .,3ded by the Pacific Ocean and the Pollution Monitoring of Puget Sound with Honey Bees Cascade Mountains. Over 130 pollutant —' sources are routinely monitored by regu- Abstract. To show that honey bees are effective biological monitors of environ- latory agencies (14). These sources in- mental contaminants over large geographic areas, beekeepers of Puget Sound. dude smelters,chemical plants,and oth- Washin ton, collectedpollen and bees I g for chemical analysis. From these data, er large industries, but the actual distri- kriging maps of arsenic, cadmium, and fluoride were generated. Results, based on bution and extent of emissions has never actual concentrations of contaminants in bee tissues, show that the greatest been adequately established. concentrations of contaminants occur close to Commencement Bay and that honey From July through mid-September bees are effective as large-scale monitors. 1982, 64 beekeepers collected samples and performed measurements at 72 sites , Honey bees have been used as moni- ingestion,_inhalation, or absorption (//, over approximately 7500 km2 (Fig. 1). tors of a variety of environmental con- 12). Regardless of pollutant form, colo- Each volunteer was asked to(i)establish taminants, including trace elements, Hies may become contaminated not only at least one sampling site, (ii) measure low-level radioactivity, and pesticides through foraging activities but also by the percentage of brood survival, (iii) '(I). However, most work has empha- forced-air circulation and evaporative collect forager bees,and (iv)trap pollen. sized deleterious impacts to bees rather cooling employed by bees to control hive The methods employed were developed than the use of bees as chemical moni- temperature and humidity. Contaminant and tested during a study of a lead smelt- tors. An averaged sample of pollutants levels in the environment may be reflect- ing complex in Montana (15). r( can be obtained from an area of more ed in the bees themselves or in hive For the hrood-survival test,dressmak- a 1than 7 km2 with honey bees (/, 2). Be- components, including wax, pollen, and er pins were used to mark six rows of 20 cause bees have low tolerance to many honey (1). cells on a brood comb,and two indepen- >. toxic chemicals (3), they provide a po- How best to use the potential of bees dent determinations were made. An ini- tentially sensitive indication of pollutant- as environmental pollution monitors on a tial record was made of eggs and young induced harm. Pollination services and large geographic scale has been the sub- larvae, and a follow-up scoring of cell bee products such as wax, pollen, and ject of considerable debate. The several contents by developmental stage was honey can be affected by environmental million existing bee colonies in the Unit- performed 13 to 17 days later. Observa- contamination. Bees are thus a rather ed States provide an in-place and acces- tions were scored on a standardized data • unusual biological monitor since they are sible monitoring network from which sheet and later processed by a computer of considerable economic value. In 1981, beekeepers can take samples (13). We program that we had developed (/5). r U.S. bees provided$124.6 million worth implemented this concept in 1982 in the Pollen was trapped at the hive entrance of honey and wax(4)while pollinating$8 Puget Sound region of Washington through a tube of polyvinyl chloride billion to $40 billion of crops (5). where a large number of beekeepers (PVC)with a grid of 5-mm holes(15). As Pollutants may reach honey bee colo- keep bees in rural and urban locations. bees passed through the holes, pollen Hies by several routes. Contamination of was scrapped off the legs into the tube. iJ the body, mouth parts, and spiracles Pollen traps were left on hives for 6 to 10 0 during flight is possible, and bees may - ' " ''•` ti'..'Smdy ala t ----t hours. Blocking the hive entrance with a mistake dust for pollen 6 Our observa- ^'" O• strip of fiber glass screening allowed tions indicate that some particulate pol- . . waehinfltonl collection of bees returning to the hive. lutants may become intermixed with pol These bees were aspirated into a poly- len grains, since particles can readily be - 4N ethylene sample bag with a PVC and seen with a light microscope(7). Electro acrylic aspirator attached to a 12 volt static charges on the surface of the bee _ vacuum (/5). Pollen traps and nozzles body may contribute to the insect's abili- Whidbey,p° s�- . were washed with acid before use. Bee 11 ty to gather pollen(8). We speculate that km and pollen samples were placed into i this may partially account for the gather- Whirl-Pac bags and frozen. 1 ing of other small particles. _ Samples, in acid-washed beakers, - Nectar and pollen may become con- were covered with a clean watch glass Itaminated by atmospheric deposition of • and dried in a forced-air oven at 45°C. ',:i pollutants onto plants as well as by plant For fluoride measurement, samples were uptake of these substances from soil. dry-ashed at 600°C and analyzed by an Uptake dynamics from food have been • Orion 601 ion specific electrode(16). For studied with radiotracers(9,10). Feeding ( Seattle arsenic and heavy metal measurements, tests in which a uranium tracer was used samples were dissolved in Instra-ana- resulted in high concentrations in bee lyzed nitric acid in a sealed-tube pres- t. tissues, with lower levels in comb, lar- sured system for 3 hours at 175°C (17). ! vae, and honey (10). These findings are veshos Analyses were performed with a Varian • consistent with field studies, which indi- AA 275BD and an Instrumentation Lab- ..,.i cate that levels of trace elements tend to �� —Commencement oratories IL 251 atomic absorption spec- be highest in or on bees and pollen (1). Tacoma Bay( trophotometer,the former equipped with Pollutants, which are likely to be en- 'f' a model 65 vapor generator for the intro- countered either in a gaseous form or a duction of arsenic as arsine and the latter water-soluble form, such as to 'de, ap- with a model 555 flameless atomizer, pear to be taken up by both the h tJd Fig. I. Location map showing Puget Sound which was used for some of the cadmium external and s�t internaLbody tissues by study area. analyses. Vapor generation, flameless II 632 SCIENCE,VOL.227 - done as described (18, 19). Performan heavy metals comparable to those for 'senic and cadmium in bee tissues , " was monitored by standard additions and bees. show patterns similar to isopleth maps I National Bureau of Standards reference Arsenic and fluoride concentrations in developed by regulatory agencies(based materials(SRM orchard leaves 1571 and bees near Commencement BayAwere on measured soil concentrations) and to SRM bovine liver 1577), as well as our higher than any we have previously ob- deposition isopleths produced by the in- own standard bee tissue. .served [that is, 8.2 ppm arsenic (23) and dustrial source complex long-term model Kriging (20-22), a weighted moving , average technique in which point esti- - I mates or block averages can be calculat- A ;,,z,. .fr�i;«r B t- F,.,•- :.» ed e a specified grid,was used to map ` 14.i.•i•.,7,1,',...,..' Arsenic ht' '` c �t'` Arsonic the distribution of pollutants. The deri- 11.1 : ^f:: ,,? •vation of the kriging weights takes into ?f�,"` . �' account the proximity of the observa- t1 4•-yr.. ^\\ •t�''. �±'.. —�\ tions to the point or area of interest, the fry i+"'` / \ / \ "structure" of the observations (that is, �' kt ` the relation of the squared difference2 a`/• / t betweenpairs of observations and the '� / /'-. / / intervening distance between them), and / ( / any systematic trend or drift in the ob- / OW 1 1 nervations. Kriging also provides a vari- ance estimate for constructing a confit ' 11' ` > l dente interva / I 1 for the kriging estimate. / From the grid of estimates, contour 1 ^,!'',tele b i ( s 5, h maps can be obtained. From the confi- \ 3 \ k . - \ dence intervals for the kriging estimates,, 2 ` \ confidence bands for individual isopleths .•• I t,/ can be obtained. For the analysis natural / \ �1 ' —�� — logarithms were used. C r�xy:'a D '':.-j;'.!:!'5.:',1!'::,-''; „,,^,,, r•. 64 percent of �'” ~ Overthe colonies tested .,�'+ ��: t'sv^',+;, Arsenic r`° •`�'�,•+�'^ --f Yt; Cadmium displayed low brood viability;40 percent �;v;>' :".'i' sustained a 75 percent or greater loss of r:'- 50 'ii,'/9 t': eggs and larvae.At some locations,colo- } `-'' ; - /... \\ -;e.: Hies lost 97 to 100 of the brood. ?? r:• / ,, , �\ iIa1 „t,,,:,- / \ Kriging maps of arsenic (Fig. 2A), _ , • \ fluoride (Fig, 2E), and cadmium (Fig, +;�� 2D), based on actual concentrations y r ` // ' ' ti. /I from bee tissues, display distinct distri- '�( / Cfre',..y i� butional patterns. Fig. 2B illustrates the /., 40 l R o 5 parts per million (ppm) arsenic confi- ) ",- o ) ' • 1 dente band,and Fig,2C presents kriging i _ standard deviations. The highest arsenic • / • r 4'- / / it:. : = o / concentrations occur northwest of Taco- �” `` • : ( .. • ' ..:C9 , • ' ma and apparently are rather smoothly ( v • \ •� .disbursed by atmospheric forces,at least \ _ t'v , Nco .4. to1,1 to the Lake Sammamish Plateau. In con- \'.0 40 '°i` trast,cadmium seems to follow a similar r �� pattern but for a much shorter distance, /;- and fluoride appears to be concentrated E .'•„ ;.:r.,,,: '"-''. Fluoride L f , east of Tacoma. Measured levels of ar- senic and fluoride for bees near Com- ,.• . mencement Bay were as high as 12.5 and Fig. 2. Kriging estimates in parts per million '`� 182 ppm, respectively, whereas bees ti• / o 0 \ for(A)arsenic,(D)cadmium,and(E)fluoride 1 / concentrations in honey bees used to plot the from Whidbey Island generally con- distribution of these contaminants throughout • tamed less than 0.5 ppm arsenic and 4 / 1 Puget Sound,Washington.(B)The 80 percent ppm fluoride. / confidence band on the 5-ppm arsenic iso- Arsenic, cadmium, lead, zinc,copper, Z--- / / pleth. (Cl Kriging standard deviations (per- ., ( cent) for arsenic. The error is multiplicative: , and fluoride concentrations in pollen / \ values of less than 20 percent coincided with t were of little use for mapping, both be- I I areas of greatest density of sample sites. The cause too few pollen samples were re- / i error cutoff point(dashed line)for arsenic(A, ceived and because no patterns could be / 0.t / B, and C) was limited to 50 percent, for cadmium (D) 60.dercent, and for fluoride(E) \ identified. Copper, zinc, and lead con- ( 4 o ( 75 percent. - centrations in or on bees showed no , • \ -------. -� Ft. patterns related to pollutant distribution. o \ f However, high lead values tended to be .,+ N 1 associated with highways,and individual -.l E i, 8 FEBRUARY 1985 - 633 t 1 t H (24). However, these other maps de- monitoring over large geographic4l ar- 10. .jladncy, M. K, Wallwork-Barber,R. W. scribe an area circumscribed byour 5 eas. Honeybeesprovide a spatially inte- F9enbattgn. J. Ru,livanal. Chem. 78, 209 P Y (1983). and'6 ppm arsenic isopleth(soil map)and grated sample of all three'(gas, liquid, II. M. Debachere, ['loam. /mbersblad 2, 145 (1972)'our 3 and 4 ppm isopleth (dispersionand particulate) modes in which polka- 12. J. J. Brontenshcnk. in The Biuettviranmrntnl model). Thus, our maps cover a more ants may be transported. Moreover, our Impact of a Coal-Fired s'ob'er Plant, E. M. Preston and D. W. O'Guinn, Eds.(EPA-600/3- extensive area. Further, our map (Fig. experience indicates that this monitoring 80-052,National Technical Information Service. 2A) suggests long-range transport of ar- system is less expensive than,for exam- 13. ld,the EVa., 1980).ppCom.75-86. 13. Recology mittee of the Scien- senic from Commencement nay to the ple, high volume air samplers that only tific Advisory Board of EPA (Environmental Lake Sammamish Plateau.'1 his observa- monitor particulatepollutants. To deter- Point Source Agency.EmissionWaInventoryveor D.C., 1980). eeri 14. Point (Engineering tion may explain reports of somewhat mine how bee colonies can most effec- Division, Puget Sound Air Pollution Control Agency,Seattle,Wash., 1980). elevated arsenic levels occasionally ob- tively contribute to monitoring needs, 15. Developed during a 1981 study of a lead smelting served at distant monitoring stations especially in terms of integrating the complex.A copy of the data processing program written in BASIC and diagrams of The pollen (24). information obtained with decision-mak- traps and bee aspirator can be obtained from There were no statistical differences ing and regulatory processes, will re- J.J.B. ' 16. Although fluoride is easily lost at elevated tern- fors arsenic or fluoride for bees collected quire better understanding of the extent peratures,recoveries for fluoride added to sam- during July or September at similar sites. and limitations to which colonies of bees pies before0. asking additions ofanged f5,1 ,8to,50,99 and 100 ) (r' =0.998 for 5,10,20, and 100 However, limited data were available so can be used in other places and for other µg)• the power of the test was low. The pollutants. 17. W.Van Meter. "Report 55"(Montana Univer- thatcity Joint Water Resources Research Center, same result was obtained in a follow-up J. J. BROMENSHENK Bozeman. 1974). 18. Analytical 'Methods for Flame Spectroscopy experiment conducted in 1983. Bees S. R. CARI.SON (Varian Techtron,Springvale,Australia. 1979). sampled weekly for 10 weeks at two sites Gordon Environmental Studies 19. R. F. L-azer. Ed .Atomic Absorption Methods Manual: nameless Operations (Instruments- near Commencement Bay displayed Laboratory, University of Montana, tion Laboratory. Wilmington, 1976), section 4. temporal coefficients of variation of Missoula 59812 20. J.J. 43-48. C. Simpson, Publication PNI.-4807 (Pacific about 20 percent. J. C. SIMPSON Northwest Laboratory,Richland,Wash.. 1983h •Kn in errors for arsenic (Fig. 2C) 21. I. Clark, Practical Geo.rtatistics (Applied Sci- g g J. M. THOMAS ence,London, 1979). c show that estimated error is related to Statistics and Quantitative 22. A. G. Journal and Ch. 1. Huijbregts, Mining Geostatistics (Academic Press, New York, :. data density (that is, the number of sites Ecology Sections, 1978). ' : sampled in a given area). Error was Pacific Northwest Laboratory, 23. Total arsenic for forager bees sampled near a lead smelting complex in Montana in 1931. relatively small in the urban areas of Richland, Washington 99352 24. Puget Sound Air Pollution Control Agency,"Fi- --- nal environmental impact statement for _ Seattle and near Tacoma where many -- ASARCO,Inc.,"Seattle,Wash.(1981),pp.V-8 beekeepers obtained samples. In con- (References and Notes ;i and V-13. e 1. M.K.Wallwork-Barber;R W.Ferenbau h,E. 25. F.C. Fenskc,personal communication. trast, errors were larger in the rural g 26. J.S.Drur et al.,,Reriews of the Environmental S.Gladney.Am.Bee J. 122,770(1982). F()'errs o P,Autants:I'fuoride tORNL-FIS-85, areas, where sample locations were 2. A.S.Toshkov, M.M.Shabanov,N. I.Ibrishi- --EP-A7-6 11-78-050.--Cirtctn`na[i,-Oho_1980).vol. i more scattered. Largest errors occurred mov,C.R.Acad.Bugg.Sci.27,702(1975), _ g 3. E. L. Atkins,E. A.Greywood,R. L.Macron- 9,p-_1i9; at the perimeter of the studyarea and in all, Cooperative Extension Leaflet27:-"Cadmium and arsenic in your garden?"(Taco- P 2287(Uni- ma-Pierce County Health Department and Seat- versify of California,Riverside,1975),pp. 1-3f3. those places where a section of the krig- Ile-King County Department,Wash.. 1982). n 4. Department of Agriculture,Agricultural Stasis- 28. We.wish to thank the beekeepers of Puget ing grid encompassed a large mass of tics (Government Printing Office, Washington, Sound for their assistance and support and R. D.C. 1982),p.93. water. Kriging error is not synonymous 5. D.F.Mayer,Proc.West.Apic.Soc.6,5(1983). Hinds and P. Tucker for editorial assi,tance. 6. S. C. Tong, R. A. Morse, C. A. Bache, D. J. Supported by Cooperative Agreement CR- 1 with a standard deviation determined g. 810035-01-0 for EPA's Environmental Research Lisk,Arch.Environ. Health 30,332(1975). (to J.J.B.), and from replicate hives at a single location. 7. Lead in pollen samples trapped at hives near a Laboratory in Corvallis, Ore. supported by EPA under a related services Results from our studies indicate that lead smelting complex in Montana(1981). agreement (TD 1589) with the Department of • 8. S. A. Corbett J. Deamunt, D. Eisokowitch, Energy under contract DE-AC06-7oRLO 1830 •` coefllcients of variation of about 20 per- Plant Cell Environ.5. 129(1982). (with J.hi.'f.)'. `i cent with a range of 1.7 to 43 percent can 9. G.C. White, T. E. Hakonson, K. W. Bostick. Ecol.Model. 18,241 (1983). 7 November 1983;accepted 21 November 1984 be expected, depending on time of year, - i proximity to source, and other factors. m"` "'`"` ""' "`" The predicted fluoride concentration �--- - ""J - �"J✓"" _ .i 1' ma FI -r,rl"_c,,_r a 'L"..-._ - rt' i p( ig. 2E)suggests a different source Nigerian Geophagical Clay: �, "� and dispersion mechanism. On the basis of our studies in Montana (/2), we pre- A Traditional Antidiarrheal Pharmaceutical , dicted that fluoride concentrations in ' I nearby vegetation would also be_propor- Abstract. The chief geophagical clay entering the West African market system ,•'' tionately high. Data provided by the comes from the village of Uzalla, Nigeria. Village inhabitants ascribe antidiarrheal t,,V t Washington State Department of.Ecolo-- properties to the clay, and they use it in traditional medicinal preparations to ,y,,,,. gy show that levels in grasses near the counteract intestinal problems. Mineralogical analyses demonstrate a striking .;6'" p�'tide flats area of Commencement Bay similarity between the Uzalla village clay and the cla •in the commercial phartnace'u- tbJs'"v contained up to 100 ppm (25), whereas tical Kaopectate. .� /background levels for grass should be ;i) frabout 1 to 6 ppm (26). In much of the Geophagy, the practice of eating siderable investigation has been devoted `area of high concentrations of arsenic earth, occurs throughout the world (1). to nutritional questions and medical im- .0 and cadmium in bees, levels are also so In tropical West Africa, the practice ap- plications of geophagy (2, 3), we are high in vegetables that the Pierce County pears ubiquitous among the various eth- unable to find studies of the pharmaceu- Department of Health_has__advised nic groups and it occurs most commonly tical properties of geophagical clays. Our a ainst consum tion(27). among pregnant women. One geophagi- mineralogical analyses of the Uzalla ,� _Our results show that beekeepers can cal clay that comes from the village of clays indicate 'a kaolinitic composition • effectively use colonies of bees as a self- Uzalla, Nigeria, is widely sold in the strikingly similar to that of the clays in sustained system for environmental markets of West Africa. Although con- the pharmaceutical Kaopectate. 634 • SCIENCE,VOL.227 OF R�� ti .r,. THE CITY OF RENTON U `� • Z MUNICIPAL BUILDING 200 MILL AVE. SO. RENTON,WASH. 98055 o MOM 4 ea BARBARA Y. SHINPOCH, MAYOR • MAXINE E.MOTOR, 0 �,CO. CITY CLERK • (206) 235-2500 9MO� ''EO SEPt� March 1, 1985 Betty L. Bell 11224 Woodley Avenue S. Seattle, WA 98178 Dear Mrs. Bell : We have forwarded your letter to members of the City Council as requested. Although you now receive fluoridated water from the City of Seattle through Water District No. 63, it is possible that the City of Renton will be supplying your water sometime in the future. If you require additional information regarding your water supply, please feel free to contact Bob Bergstrom, Engineering Supervisor, 235-2631. Sincerely, CITY OF RENTON • Maxine E. Motor City Clerk cc: City Council Public Works Department ... . -'.. - ...„ CITY OF RENTON — MAR 1 1985 e.,2--. 5-- 6193— = -C1TV-CLERK----- --Lag"64 ' i / .1 --- _ _ # 2 r / / __ _ a r,, . ,_c _ __ _ ° . • j, i / _ _ -__ ----- 1 - e:....(i.A ._ __ . c--64,t_d _-&e._ 0__--e_A-L _ -. -I/ ' *1.L_ (S 7,- _TX L----,ee-- -a-_ _-7--e-7 ----/A-0- , 2_,. ___i_____ _ LJ ,„ ---- --z) „.... , ... /— --- Jr, • Z-e---t--Z-6 a--•_ - -------"ele-'1-e---&--;-2/-ge-e-1- _-, ---LI- >i- \=v(2-fre.,_-°'. CS-Y_Ze.Z..i ce. ,-. •-eel -k__ __6/( _ - --- w. 1 _ --4,7--(--c- -a-e- __*_____ __-,f--7_ • --__ede--cr;e__ _____L-7/2,_, _,...z_e_,L,:zz,_____ __,6 (-7,4%,/, v cf 4 1::e4. 4:717e r:// 0—J0777 .7 7 i"rs , ir r -.7,Z1 .4. CI k;i 1"M,1,1.CA41 3 4 4,41 18016 SE 266 Place RECEIVED Kent, WA 98042 February 21, 1985 FEB 2 5 1985 CITY OF RENTON CITY COUNCIL Councilman Bob Hughes, Chairman Utilities Committee Renton City Hall 200 Mill S. Renton, WA 98055 Re: Fluoride Proposal Dear Councilman Hughes: Since I drink a lot of Renton water (at work and at my parents' home), and since my parents would be adversely affected by fluoridated water, I have a keen interest in the fluoride issue. A fairly recent letter to the editor mentioned government ".. .administering mandatory mass medication..." in the form of fluoridated water. By what authority does government presume to dictate what medications the public as individuals will ingest? I will be at the February 27 meeting and I would like to hear that question addressed at that time. The question is not whether fluoride is beneficial or determental, for that is a personal opinion at this time. The question is whether government or a majority of the people has the right to inflict its will over the will of the individual? Why is it that a majority of the people can do by ballot what they cannot do legally on a one-on-one basis? No one has the legal right to force another person to consume a particular medication, chemical, vaccination, or even a vitamin. Each individual has the sole, God-given right to determine what medications and other substances he will ingest. Neither government nor the majority of the people have the right to make that determination for us. Majority rule on the issue of fluoride has all the earmarks of a lynch mob. How can government justify stripping the individual of the right to control what goes into his own body? Because the majority voted for it? The majority has no rule over my body! My neighbors have no right to decide what medications I take. Nor would I care to decide what my neighbors will take. Fluoride should never have been put up to a vote of the people anywhere in this nation. The fact that it has been indicates that people don' t know what their rights are, nor do they have any respect for the rights of others. When a city decides to fluoridate the water, those who do not want it are just as subject to it as those who do want it. Voting on fluoride is not the same as voting on a bond issue or passing a law prohibiting certain types of undesirable behavior. If the bond issue passes, the taxpayer has to come up with more money, which may hurt his pocketbook but does not -2- violate his person. If the voters pass a law against jay-walking, the individual will have to conform or pay the consequences, but again, the law does not violate his person. Fluoride in the water, on the other hand, definitely does violate the person who is opposed to it. There is little difference between being subjected to fluoride against your will, at the hands of the majority, and being attacked in your own home by a gang of thugs (neighbors?) intent on subjecting you to their will by sheer force of numbers. My family has avoided fluoride all our lives, by choice. We don' t even use toothpaste with fluoride. We refuse fluoride treatments at the dentist. And now there are people who want to put it in the water? If that happens, what happens to our rights? Can a majority of people come along and say, "YOU WILL TAKE FLUORIDE, WHETHER YOU LIKE IT OR NOT!" The thought of it makes me feel like a violent crime is about to be committed against me and my family. Fluoridated water would discriminate against those who don' t want it. It will create stress situations in various segments of the community. People on limited and fixed incomes cannot afford to buy the specialized filter systems required for fluoride, and this fact will cause stress, fear, and worry, which in itself is a health hazard. Many people will feel forced to sell their homes. A lot of these will be elderly people who have lived in their homes for many years; the move itself will create undue stress and worry. Extra expenses will be experienced by all homeowners when they dis- cover their plumbing is suffering from fluoride-induced corrosion. The known health hazards are too numerous to mention. Is it fair to push people out of their homes and away from their communities, or inconvenience them in any other way, in order to bestow special favors to children? Do these people count for nothing because they may be in the minority? For government to inflict these and other fluoride-related problems on the community is an unthinkable and unforgivable miscarriage of justice in the name of special favors to children. Government must not discriminate against one or more groups of people in favor of another group. If fluoride is beneficial to children (?), it certainly has no beneficial effect on adults and is a definite health hazard to the elderly and the allergic. Children have a right to healthy teeth but their rights do not supersede the rights of the rest of the community. Fluoridated water grants special benefits to one class of people, benefits which discriminate against and are determental to other groups of people. Government could initiate a program to supply fluoride in tablet and liquid form to parents of children in need, since children are the only class of people that may benefit from fluoride. A program such as this would not harm the other people using the water supply. Why pollute everyone' s water in order to deliver a special medication to one class of people? If government fails to uphold the rights of the individual in this issue, I think the opponents of fluoride will have a very good case for a class- action suit against the city of Renton. Not even your own physician can force you to take an unwanted medication, yet government has again and again, in city after city, done just that. The majority does not rule when -3- it comes to individual rights; it is not for another to decide what medi- cations his neighbor will receive. The individual has a God-given right to determine what substances he will ingest. We must not allow government to strip us of that right, for whatever good-sounding reasons. Sincerely, ee-4..., S` `k Eileen Stark P.S. I venture to say that most fluoride proponents would be horrified by a similar proposal to add vitamins to the water supply. Perhaps that is what it would take to make them realize how they are trampling over the rights of others. Remember, it is a two-way street, and the rights you deprive others of today may be taken away from yogi. tomorrow. It would behoove everyone to respect and guard the rights of others. Renton City Council 1/21/85 Page four Old Business continued Fluoridation Utilities Committee Chairman Hughes indicated that the Committee is accepting additional comments regarding fluoridation of the City' s water supply for 30 days following closure of public hearing on 1/14/85. At the end of that period, a Committee meeting will be scheduled, and all parties who testified at the public hearing will be notified. ORDINANCES AND RESOLUTIONS Ways and Means Ways and Means Committee Chairman Clymer presented a report Committee recommending the following ordinances for second & final reading: Ordinance #3881 An ordinance was read approving and confirming the assessments LID 328 Final and assessment roll of Local Improvement District No. 328 for Assessment Roll the construction and installation of curbs and gutters, sidewalks, $318,828.66 street lighting, utility adjustments, storm drains and all necessary appurtenances thereto on Garden Avenue N. from N. 4th to N. 8th Street, Renton, King County, Washington; by doing all work necessary in connectino therewith, levying and assessing the amounts therefor against the several lots, tracts, parcels of land and other property shown on said assessment roll as confirmed by the City Council ; and providing for the payment of such assessments into the Local Improvement Fund, District No. 328 of the City of Renton as created by Ordinance No. 3744. MOVED BY CLYMER, SECONDED BY HUGHES, COUNCIL ADOPT THE ORDINANCE AS READ. ROLL CALL: ALL AYES. CARRIED. Ordinance #3882 An ordinance was read amending portions of Section 3-241 , Title Utility Connection III (Departments) and Section 8-717, Title VIII (Health and Charges Sanitation) of City Code regarding charges for property not previously assessed as it relates to utility connection charges. MOVED BY CLYMER, SECONDED BY HUGHES, COUNCIL ADOPT THE ORDINANCE AS READ. ROLL CALL: ALL AYES. CARRIED. Ways and Means Committee Chairman Clymer presented a report recommending the following ordinances for first reading and advancement to second and final reading: Limited Tax An ordinance was read relating to contracting indebtedness; General providing for the issuance, specifying the maturities, maximum Obligation effective interest rate, terms and covenants of $430,000 par Bonds for value of "Limited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 1985," of the Equipment City for strictly City purposes to provide funds with which Purchases to pay the cost of planned equipment purchases of the City; and providing for the sale and delivery of such bonds to Rainier National Bank of Seattle, Washington. MOVED BY .CLYMER, SECONDED BY HUGHES, COUNCIL SUSPEND THE RULES AND ADVANCE THIS ORDINANCE TO SECOND AND FINAL READING. CARRIED. Ordinance #3883 Following second and final reading of the aformentioned Limited Tax ordinance, it was MOVED BY CLYMER, SECONDED BY HUGHES, COUNCIL General ADOPT THE ORDINANCE AS READ. ROLL CALL: ALL AYES. CARRIED. Obligation Council President Reed noted that these equipment purchase Bonds funds are designated in the 1985 budget. Limited Tax An ordinance was read relating to contracting indebtedness; General authorizing the issuance of $3,965,000 par value of limited Obligation tax general obligation bonds of the City for strictly City Bonds for purposes to provide funds with which to acquire Maplewood Acquisition of Golf Course and to develop and improve portions of that Maplewood Golf course; establishing a golf course operations fund; and Course providing for the issuance and sale of short-term obligations pending the issuance and sale of such bonds. MOVED BY CLYMER, SECONDED BY HUGHES, COUNCIL SUSPEND THE RULES AND ADVANCE THIS ORDINANCE TO SECOND AND FINAL READING. CARRIED. Ordinance #3884 Following second and final reading of the aforementioned Limited Tax ordinance, it was MOVED BY CLYMER, SECONDED BY HUGHES, COUNCIL General Obligation ADOPT THE ORDINANCE AS READ. Upon inquiry, City Attorney Bonds for, Maplewood Warren indicated the possibility of commitment to two charitable Golf Course organizations for golf passes by the current owners of the Acquisition course. Council members indicated strong opposition to issuance of any free passes whatsoever. ROLL CALL: 5 AYES: • • _y-v7< 3 it7-ljoT1 • --smAI) A —R) p46 1r6.7-, -14-2-y-69 1 -26._ S -/ --------/„..‹51.+321z7.3-›,„ RECEIVED ,,..;,.., .... ....,___, . ', - JAN 1 8 1985 -:- ‹ • '1 .:.- .- ,,- C-.) - ._--. CITY OF RENTON "4:2-•,,, ..;,1' CITY COUNCIL -..76,• 0.s...' , -.,'...,:.! 7117 IL.1 Je i e vccic,-,-----ete-6, ( --til-et.e., .1' ,-ge-k,i) J e,; 6 . 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A.:t.z.,4 e.,,z,r ._ . „,..._ .-e-- • - AY - I , 7 /e. 0,/, ./0: ce_411 :7, ) 76_,,e4.... ce,.. eee,70 ‘, _z_ezzet4,L,G., _;y3 ~S !x $ t �q " • i , ri it ik4,2)1.-7 ee eorik..,ecaiiee„.i-e4tiv_i_2/ ha, t)ei- a - ret4,4„ C' ' 2t,lU 'G : ,_,y: , _ /414`Ce2e:4 " )4e.1411/ g6lL. • G'60o , . 1d-la itY, ,tom 7 • , f►hOIrG /OPT 7 ioN RENTON CITY COUNCIL Regular Meeting January 14, 1985 Municipal Building Monday, 8:00 p.fi. Council Chambers MINUTES CALL TO ORDER Mayor Barbara Y. Shinpoch led the Pledge of Allegiance to the flag and called the meeting of the Renton City Council to order. ROLL CALL OF JOHN W. REED, Council President; RICHARD M. STREDICKE, KATHY A. COUNCIL MEMBERS KEOLKER, ROBERT J. HUGHES, EARL CLYMER, THOMAS W. TRIMM, NANCY L. MATHEWS. CITY STAFF BARBARA Y. SHINPOCH, Mayor; LAWRENCE J. WARREN, City Attorney; IN ATTENDANCE MICHAEL W. PARNESS, Administrative Assistant; MAXINE E. MOTOR, City Clerk; MICHAEL J. MULCAHY, Finance Director; RICHARD C. HOUGHTON, Public Works Director; JOHN E. WEBLEY, Parks Director; LT. MICHAEL MAGULA, Police Department. PRESS _ Jim McNett, Renton Record-Chronicle Monte Enbysk, Bellevue Journal-American MINUTE APPROVAL MOVED BY REED, SECONDED BY CLYMER, COUNCIL APPROVE THE MINUTES OF JANUARY 7, 1985 AS WRITTEN. CARRIED. PUBLIC HEARING This being the date set and proper notices having been Fluoridation published and posted in accordance with State law, Mayor of City Water Shinpoch opened the public hearing to consider whether or Supply rnot the City of Renton should fluoridate its water supply. Continued Correspondence was read from City Clerk Motor reporting receipt of petitions bearing 1 ,491 signatures of which 1 ,113 are Renton residents or receive Renton water services. ; Also received were 48 letters bearing 90 signatures representing 13 doctors and health care units, 19 dentists, and 16 businesses and citizens. Of these signatures, 43 are located within the City limits. Petitioners supported ' fluoridation as a preventive health measure which reduces ` dental decay in children and young adults, decreases incidence of osteoporosis in the elderly, and results in Mess cost to families for dental care and reduces need for costly restorative dentistry. Continued ; Letter from King County Medical Society Board of Trustees, representing 3,000 King County physicians, supported : fluoridation as a very effective, proven public health ; measure. Letter from Mrs. Carl Hagen, 1009 N. 28th Place, containing three additional Signatures, indicated support for fluoridation since it is long overdue. Councilwoman Mathews submitted a letter from Mrs. Selma Fitting, 51 Burnett Avenue S. , which related healing effects of fluoridation on those afflicted with osteoporosis, a bone-weakening disease. Continued Audience comment was invited. Speaking in opposition to the proposal were Russell Walker, Skyway; June Evans; Lee Ann Johnson, • 3917 NE 6th St. ; Sandy Webb, 430 Mill Avenue S. ; Jessie Leendertsen, 671 Dayton Avenue NE; and Gary Pitkin, 1120 N. 38th Street. They expressed concerns that fluoride would be found to have detrimental effects in the future and the City would be liable for damages; most City water is used for other than human consumption; costs must be shared by all citizens whether they be for or against the program; alternative methods of fluoride treatment are available; fluoride is claimed to cause allergies in some people. Continued Speaking in favor of fluoridation were Ken Johnson, P.O. Box 161 , Renton; Pam Kelso, 517 S. 31st; David Thomas, 4308 NE Sunset Boulevard; Sylvia Watson, Headstart Program; Pat Dickinson, 2000 NE 27th Street; Patricia Lavery, 1100 N. 38th Street (Chairperson, Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health) ; Susan Arens, 1703 NE 20th; Barbara LaFranchi , 910 Grant Avenue S. ; Susan Kolb, 1425 N. 36th St. ; Ty Galvin, DDS, 344 Morris Avenue S. ; Owen Hoffman, DOS, MPH (former Washington State Dental Director) ; Grace Anderson, 1200 Grant Renton City Council 1/14/85 Page two Public Hearing - Fluoridation (continued) Fluoridation Avenue S. ; Peter Domoto, DDS (U. of W. Assoc. Professor & of City Water Chairman of Pediatric Dentistry Dept.) ; Ann Sterk, 1843 S. Supply 1266th Place, Kent (Coordinator of Dental Health Program in continued Highline School District) ; Jean Harris; Peyton Gant, MD (Pediatrics) , 3915 Talbot Road S. ; Elaine Stanovsky, 3009 Park Avenue N. (United Methodist Minister) ; Pat Lee, 16213 141st SE (King County Nurses Association) ; Donna Oberg (Renton Nutritionist) ; Charlene Bonnelycke (Renton School Nurse) ; and Jim Bauman, 1025 S. 3rd St. (Director, Valley Community Clinic) . Additional letters submitted for the record in support of fluoridation: Jim & Paula Ratcliff, 3600 Meadow N. ; and Dr. Jesse Tapp, Director of the Seattle- King County Department of Public Health. Continued Those supporting fluoridation indicated that fluoride is a safe, economical and the most effective substance to strengthen bones and teeth and prevent tooth decay. Fluoridating the community water supply is the least expensive and most preferable means of providing fluoride, particularly to children in formative years of growth. Due to high levels of sugar comsumption and bad nutritional habits of young people, fluoridation of water is a necessary and inexpensive way to prevent oral health problems. In Headstart programs, daily brushing is emphasized, weekly fluoride swishes are provided with parental approval , and a minimum of sugar allowed in meals--however, fluoride in water would be more effective. Continued King County Nurses Association, representing 3,200 nurses, reported tooth decay can interfere with nutrition, self- image and emotional and social well-being. Fluoridation added to the community water supply is less expensive than tablets or drops and is readily available to disadvantaged families. Continued Comparisons drawn between communities show a decline in the incidence of dental decay with fluoride additives from an average of 14.8 decayed, missing or filled permanent teeth in the 16-year old bracket without fluoridated water, to an average of 4.1 with fluoridated water (City of Seattle 1950 statistics) . Incidence of decay is higher in Renton than . in surrounding areas where water is fluoridated. Approximately 130 million people are currently using fluoridated water in the U.S. Fluoride has not been reported to cause damage to plumbing supplies. Fewer fractures occur since fluoride accumulates in and strengthens bones over a person' s lifetime. According to the American Academy of Allergies, there is no evidence of allergy from fluoride when used in community water supplies. Fluoride can prevent from up to 65% of dental caries (cavities) and can reduce incidence of root decay to older persons. A pamphlet outlining Fluoridation facts was distributed to Council members by Mrs. Lavery. Continued Public Works Director Richard Houghton reported cost estimates to fluoridate City water at its various sources: $201 ,000 for Capital/Equipment Costs and $71 ,000 for Professional Services for an initial cost of approximately $300,000. Annual costs are estimated to be approximately $88,000 and would include hiring one new operator/maintenance staff member. Projected 1990 water rates for single family residential customers reflect an increase of 53 per month if fluoride is added to water supplies. The high number of wells raises cost of implementation. Continued Administrative Assistant Michael Parness advised that placement of the issue of fluoridation on a special election advisory ballot would cost approximately $20,000. However, costs would be substantially reduced to $200-$300 if the issue is added to an already scheduled election such as the 1985 General Election. Upon inquiry, Mr. Houghton estimated that within two to three years, Renton would no longer be purchasing City of Seattle water, which is fluoridated, for certain areas of the city. Continued Mo Batra, Regional Engineer for the Department of Social and Health Services, referenced a letter from his office, dated •— Renton City Council 1/14/85 Page three Public Hearing Fluoridation (continued) Fluoridation June 21 , 1984, in which the DSHS agreed to fund the purchase of City Water and installation of fluoridation equipment with grants up Supply continued to 40% of the total cost. Continued Responding to comments regarding previous action by Renton voters, Councilwoman Mathews clarified that while a fluoridation issue had been defeated 50% to 46% in a 1969 Renton election, State Initiative 322 (failed statewide) on fluoride ' had been favored by Renton precincts by a 64% margin in 1976. Continued MOVED BY STREDICKE, SECONDED BY HUGHES, COUNCIL CLOSE THE ' PUBLIC HEARING. CARRIED. Noting that the matter of ; fluoridation is pending in the Utilities Committee, it was MOVED BY STREDICKE, SECONDED BY CLYMER, COUNCIL REFER THE RESULTS OF THE PUBLIC HEARING TO THE UTILITIES COMMITTEE FOR RECOMMENDATION. CARRIED. Mayor Shinpoch commended participants of the public hearing for their courtesy and concise comments. Recess MOVED BY REED, SECONDED BY STREDICKE, COUNCIL TAKE A FIVE- MINUTE RECESS. CARRIED. Time: 9:25 p.m. Reconvened Council reconvened at 9:35 p.m. ; roll was called; all members previously listed were present. PUBLIC HEARING This being the date set and proper notices having been published Preliminary and mailed in accordance with State law, Mayor Shinpoch opened Assessment Roll the public hearing to consider preliminary Local Improvement LID 330 District No. 330, roadway improvements in the vicinity of SW Grady Way SW Grady Way from Lind Avenue SW west to the Grady Way Bridge, from Lind SW and including but not limited to widening to 56 feet curb to to Grady Way curb, installation of curbs, gutters, sidewalks, storm drains, Bridge water lines, street lights, traffic control and other necessary appurtenances. Total amount of the roll : $574,300.00. Continued Protest letter was read from Karmen Holmes, owner of Parcel 8, indicating the City, State or County should participate in the cost of the project. Letter from Public Works Director Houghton was read advising that the protest represents assessment of $42,800.00 which is 7.45% of the total estimated assessment roll . (percentage later revised) . Mr. Houghton noted that additional letters just received from Puget Western, Inc. (Parcel No. 6) and Puget Power (Parcel 7). increase the percentage of protests to 35. 14%. Robert B. Boyd, Property Manager for Puget Western, Inc. objected to front footage assessment method since several existing and proposed encumbrances reduce actual fontage from 800 to 415 feet and reduce usable lot size; questioned assessing abutting property owners for arterial carrying traffic through the area; and questioned whether the unencumbered remaining property is of sufficient size to be useable. Letter from Dick Causey, Puget Power, cited lack of benefit from the LID and reduction of the parcel 's fair market value due to numerous encumbrances. Continued Mr. Houghton reported that the project will extend and complete a 1970 roadway project which widened SW Grady Way to five lanes from Lind Avenue SW to Rainier Avenue. Utilizing a display map of the area, he designated the location of the project and assessment boundaries. Sources of funding for the LID were described and include 1 .35 million dollars from the Urban Arterial Board, one-quarter million dollars from earmarked City funds, and approximately one-half million dollars from abutting property owners for a total project cost of 2.2 million dollars. Mr. Houghton noted the possibility that funding for the cost of the box culvert for the P-1 Channel under Grady Way may be funded by the Soil Conservation Service. Continued Letter #ras read from David A. Sabey, Southcenter East Associates, owner of Parcel 17, claiming assessmentsare in excess of benefits accrued, and bulk of project costs have been placed on property owners. Noting that as a condition of an earlier granted deferral , Mr. Sabey has signed restrictive covenants agreeing to participate in the LID, City Attorney Larry Warren advised that objection to formation of the LID is not allowed; OF I o THE CITY OF RENTON `•. MUNICIPAL BUI LDING 200 MILL AVE. SO. RENTON,WASH. 98055 n rn BARBARA Y. SHINPOCH, MAYOR • MAXINE E.MOTOR, X90 `O' CITY CLERK • (206) 235-2500 O9�TFD SEP1EkO January 14, 1985 Honorable Barbara Y. Shinpoch, Mayor Members, Renton City Council Re: Public Hearing regarding Fluoridation of City. Water Supply. Dear Mayor Shinpoch & Council Members: Petitions have been received bearing 1,491 signatures of which 1, 113 are Renton residents or receive Renton water services. The remaining 378 signatures represent persons not residing in Renton or receiving Renton water. We have received 48 letters bearing 90 signatures representing 13 doctors and health care units, 19 dentists, and 16 businesses and citizens. Of these signatures, 43 are located 'within the City limits. Also received was a letter from the King County Medical Society Board of Trustees, a professional society of more than 3,000 physicians in King County, indicating support for fluoridation of the Renton water supply as a very effective, proven public health measure. All of the letters and petitions favor fluoridation of the City water supply. Reasons for support include:claims that fluoride decreases dental decay in children and young adults; results in less cost to families/individuals in communities; decreases incidence of osteoporosis in the elderly; is a preventive health measure; and reduces need for costly restorative dentistry. Sincerely, Maxine E. Motor City Clerk 4-3,--, 11- IR La'at ID. al,. LI 0 LIT an. U".--''an i-3 .::-. 111-0 In 1--; c tn. tD 1.11, - = - 0 ..-1...-t .a--4,12..24!.1:1 131 ,C at c.At -.-4 aj--1:_-: co: 1-'4-' 17 .-3-...1: 7.1_I,ill *V 111. 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Ill: 0-1-. 1- -r _5, _: AI i.- '-i,-I•-'• '-i. 11•.-t 1..,; -l-1.114• a Ill!..> r•. -" Ti fl: '--i, Cf ,..1-"'!_l 11 C C. c LI-1-'' 111- I.1) ill .0.:_!:_--11]11_.1_ ILL r .1.7: Qt LI 2:7 73'' IIT 1-'-11-L-4.--' c- C:11 O. U1, CLI'1=1` OFLII 1Ti� '-11 IJ '.: RI.' Ll. Q- 4-3 W:---1-0- 111.1-,1 ..--c..-i. -I-'.-0 .1] U '111 0 Ell >1111: 11'-1-5;,11'4-r Q 3.-0 I] -Qi at. ..-t.ID Q Ili...-'+ .D. Ill' ?• C'.C' ill: LI 0:2.1-. ITU..-t.4.'. CT.Llt 1-` Lll' LII''CIl -_'i. `•F•1 Li, "'U1' 111".-'1.-,--t, U. 111 111-1-" 113: ILL i t1' -I-'' 111, 1.7_-"I:--. L'1: _i' QI'1-' Ci:i-'' '-1 Cl.. I_: i„"-' '--i;.-•' III ill {Ti, 111.-L-4i ` Ti".ht,2...-: 1- 4 ilii L7- 1- C'-I Ct C 1- i._ Ill. 11.1 ,C1 I-1 131+3, 111. 1Ti,1-'-F` _t.-_' 131 'Li.c. LL !•-', C..-1. Cl .c a 4-',--• ICi. Ul: C: Q'-1.1. 1711.i._:.1-5 4--t.4-4, 1.11 Ill:t li; =t: CCU C._1171. 1 T 11' i=•r-1, 111.111 Q'.C_ Lr 11Th 4--i !..I, .=L;-1_1 111 ITI, 1711. ITi!-1•-''0"1.171 al. 1-1. 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C- ,T.ii �r.--'" Ci'-+�. 1 1'.---'° 7Tj. 11.1: )Tis C1•1 _- I i I 1ij..L f 13:.! , III: 1-,, -!,[!!:T- 1U Li- CLI' t a:_.L I_. _.w( I- iT.r L] ,T,! -+L� , I.1�-�,' -_I.•,-! 11J. =1 111: Eli ± i'- .- CO La a3' 1„I' =1 111 L11 1=1 LTi ilk !-1 r•-'co, cry. �r• z t ffl -t U-1 4-•1.r—LLl' ;,r a_ CO • . • -P PUBLIC HEARING ON FLUORIDATION OF RENTON WATER January 14, 1985 Madame Mayor and City Council Members: By the end of this public hearing tonight , you will probably have heard every conceivable pro and con applicable to institution of a program to fluoridate Renton water. Rather than duplicate someonelse ' s points , I shall take an entirely different approach, hoping that I can achieve your understanding. First , I must establish a few axiomatic ideas : 1. Water is a basic commodity which is essential to human and other forms of life; its purity therefore affects everyone and everything that uses it. 2. Rightly or wrongly, some people consider any amount of sodium fluor- ide in water to be harmful; even those who consider a controlled solution to be beneficial must agree that overdoses can be harmful . Mistakes in measurement are always inherently possible within any dispensing system. 3. Adding flouride compounds to our water supply for the purpose in- tended is an overkill since perhaps 95 percent of the water used is for purposes other than human consumption:_ by drinking or .through the eating of foods washed or cooked in water. 4. Fluoride compounds are already added to many processed foods by their manufacturers. 5. Fluoride compounds are not allowed in water used in dialysis machines for kidney treatment . 6. Alternative methods of fluoride treatment for the purpose of dental care are available for those who believe such treatment to be bene- ficial; they can select a fluoride tooth paste, have their dentist treat their teeth, or both. 7. No matter how large or how small , any such program has a cost which must be shared amongst all the people, whether they want fluoridation or truthfully fear it. 8. A number of commodities originally considered safe for consumption, or at least having inconsequential detrimental effects , havelater been determined to be hazardous and, thus, have been outlawed or have had warning labels attached. 9. True freedom is not that which is represented by the will of the majority of all the people , and certainly not the majority of this city council . A majority of fifty-one percent can wreak total in- justice upon a minority of forty-nine percent . In this case, it can tax a person for furnishing him with something he may even fear . With these ideas in mind, I have only one question: How can you members of this city council , legitimately or morally, impose on all the people (at some cost to all) within a commodity without which survival is im- possible, the consumption of an ingredient which is not mandatory to health or safety and which may be hazardous or , at best , for which alter- native treatment is available for those who believe it to be bnenficial? Your unanimous decision should be a resounding "NO" to fluoridation. PUblic Heath = - T e Le• gal Case •Against Fhitri atio =. - _ _. . _— ::;L.E. & F.A. ROZ.®VSKY* rr he decades-old controversy surrounding fluoridation ity to fluoridate.The couctpointed out,however,that if the of public water supplies continues in many Canadian - provincial legislature waited-the municipality to have this communities.Thedental and public health experts promote power', it needed only to amend the-statute.. - the fluoridation programme with an ever increasing amount .A similar conclusion wreached by the New Brunswick' . of scientific data outlining the overwhelming benefits and Court of Appeal in 19551n.=The Queen v. Fredericton3 in the minimal risks.Arguments against such programmes use which it was concluded that the Fredericton City Charter : similar scientific data in support.of their position. was not broad enough to allow fluoridation. ""`` There have been a few cases in which the dispute has In many cases the arguments are based neither on scien ;;�1 reached the Canadian courts. However, in each of these -tific facts nor opinions. Both sides-may accuse the'other of {cases the'courts did not deal with the merits of the argu- implied political motives. meats, nor did they have the power to•do so. Each of the What is often lacking however,is a rational discussion of Viz, cases dealt with the technical allegation that the municipal- the political,philosophical°and legal challenges to proposed ', ity in question did not have the authority to fluoridate its fluoridation programmes:-It is not enough for' 'the public _.': R3 water supply. health and dental,communities to meet the scientific ,^ 12 I... In the 1977;Nova Scotia Supreme Court case of Fraser v. challenges. Answers, must be forthcoming to".meet other-i Town o -New Glasgow' the town was overned bythe social and olitical arguments as.well. - :: x: .. f g P g �_ . : provincial Towns Act which authorized the town to improve Unfortunately emotion can often take over as it did in the _ t' V L• and maintain the waterworks-orwater system and to main- case of Bonham v. Pure Water Association decided by the-' tain the water supply of the town.It also permitted the town British Columbia Supreme Court.t Following an•open-line-4 E to.treat the water"chemically,electrically,mechanically or radio show the defendant society advertised in six local- • R _• otherwise in such manner and forsuch ur ose as the town newspapers statingthat the plaintiff Who was the medical:�" t'j • council determines:"The question was whether this authori- health officer for Vancouver admitted on the air that fluor1- t' nation was broad enough to include"medicinal treatments dation can do damage to the kidneys of some people. In fact Ff: ...%: . to the public:"The court determined that the act was clear the plaintiff did not say this and sued for defamation: . and that the town was authorized to fluoridate the water.• The court pointed out'that the words used in the adver--. :i.' '' The opposite conclusion was reached by the Supreme tisement were not in themselves defamatory.However;they-1 t= ` 'Court of Canada in the 1957 case of Municipality of Metro- did.convey an innuendo that would discredit the plaintiff in'•: politan Toronto v. Village of Forest Hill.'-The court found his position to ordinary people in the community. Mr.Jus- that the words of the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto tice McIntyre said, "To sayof a doctor,'particularlyone; i': ;_; P Y P Y ' Act at the time were not wide enough to permit a municipal- charged with the supervision of public health, that heY 6 c recommended a course of action that would cause harm 44 'ii: part of the public would in my opinion discredit him in the) '" i •LORNE ELKIN ROZOVSKY"is a Halifax Lawyer.adjunct assistant professor of eyes of reasonable men."5 The comments were therefore: law and medicine at Dalhousie University and author of CANADIAN HOSPITAL '.., `°' ., regarded as defamatory and the plaintiff was awarded:, LA LV and THE CANADIAN'PATIENTS BOOK OF RIGHTS. g y FA YA DRIENNE ROZOVSKY'is a member of the Massachusetts and Florida bars. $1000.Great care must therefore be taken in anysuch debate*. holds a masters degree in public health from the Harvard School of Public Health and is an assistant professor of health administration at Dalhousie University. in attributing comments to others.. 'a `$ 360 Canadian Journal of Public Health Vol. 74,September/October 1983 r ::::11:=44,--,yrs ' a,v • • !I: 7 of the benefits which may result from a public h3: i + programme, a number. of factors must be • tion pro_ramme there is no provision fora peal:One -- ,a �!`'t`=' could only go to the courts alleging rt 'r-� operating the programme did not have the author ty t , — - r pose offluoridation of the public water supply is - do so, or that there-is some constitutional im edime t ,'' i' vent. or at least to lessen the possibility of dental Y to ,„:. ±t�; to such a programme. ��p:Impediment y: ! I„ dian law, is a dation does not eliminate the risk of dental` (tv), able tarefu. Under se treatment regardless of ct �4ght to be "' ;: 'jl ¢. ,. !, tsef how foolish_..., .4.T,L.`r`:. refusal may be. If the law allows individuals:to_r-efuse' 'relation does not cure. or diminish any existing i E} ctal condition; treatment for. illness(except where mental_health_:.,-._ :.` and communicable disease legislation authorize corn- , r like a communicable disease,-dental disease only pulsory treatment),the law should cerfainly_not remove ! .. _-ects the person who has'the condition_ )' the right of the individual to refuseAirevenfive-measures 'if x;37. e following challenges must be-considered: • y for a disease which may not.occur•:=- . _ .�:;, _ _the present.time no legislation:in Canada forces (v)—M-tlltons-of Canadians do not o}%taintheir drinking' A1'1 individuals to take`action which will improve-their_ ft water from public water supplies.Those who have wells ! . health Or-to prevent non-communicable disease I he and other private sources wou]'d..therefore _not be ?� Yd closest to this is compuslory seat belt legislation for covered by the fluoridation programme_ The effect of i I; automobile passengers and compulsory safety helmets the program would not be consistemt�Thoe who ii do not for motorcycle riders which is designed to prevent have their own water supplies w.„-- g41:•,*-',ld.not receive the ; 1 injury of those subject to the legislation. benefits of the programme.Those who use public water ,jl;s;= ii; Even for those suffering from current illness, the onlysupplies would not be able to refuse-the fluoridation. ' 7�, �r. • In order to provide fluoridation for..the entire popula- r"fff T ' , legislation in Canada which forces people to have treatment • is restricted to mental illness and coto have tion-,compulsory fluoridation ofprivates.0 ,:k.::, i,._ mrriuni- Pth es would "'` have to be introduced. This would remove the right of �I 4[; ! cable disease. The legislation throughput ,-,.•`$ shout Canada ` ",�;,,... p the property rwit o ut anyr legale 'resouive control of his own affecting Mental illness is generally restricted to forcing property wit -ai sx.b • patients or suspected patients to receive treatment p p y host resource: ! `;''' I ._-;;. when the person is a_danger to himself or others. The (vr) .The rationale behind man - M;;". •• ,- y public health-proposals is iheo;y>behind legislation is that the mentallyill that by reducirg disease, the economic cost. can"be- ,!•,.,._. reduced. While this is undoubtedly true in the case of ;,.1.,-_ person is not d a suchhsleion tot look shat his own welfare and thus the state must step in as a guardian.In the case disease that is insured under provincial health ;%��; ; of danger to others, .the state must act in order to----- ranee plans, dental care is not widely insured through ,,, �7 protect the public as a whole. Similarly in the case of the public pursein Canada. therefore,fluoridationas a- ? ,,,,ti'v: g • rrir:,k ''u communicable disease, the state has an obligation to = means ofreducin� )�'` "'! b future public expenditures cannot be. ' protect the public_ suppor'ted.. "''`` Even however if ti The difference betvveen one • Pi.4 . mental health and communica- were to argue that some public 'ati."� He disease legislation and fluoridation of public water expenditures are made in the care of dental disease,the Supplies is that"fluoridation does not deal with current -_. rationale supporting 101'1 :IS: pporting fluoridation would also supportase t =1" ! cum r nutr' measures such as-regular exercise and x thins which ro er nutrition. ° � a;: r_ ich many people never get. It also erica is to 1 ' w prevent dental problems which man will have regard- 'Irl The ultimate challenge therefore, is whether- Canadians k; =;',' ': less of the fluoridation wish to live in a societ . Tne result is that the fluoridation programme forces the Yah crequires rc� a` hem by law r� ,�., _` ; ,`,�:_, _what is the best for.their health a d ell-bein or w—wheth .1',i;;•,,,,,6: i; .;•:' cublic to take health preventive measures whereas-at } `'y these matters are to remain as individual decisions. 46 CI' 4. ->: t. present even by legislation,Cana.a rarely forces people .z,;. ,:; ' The question facing public and dental health experts is 1, s R,,- % ° have treatment for diseases from which they are to how to answer these challenges. P s` " ' actually suffering suffering except in very restricted i''t : instances_ o '` i .:: Under mental health and communicable disease legisla- ll• a�, sk REFERENCES °; i '"'+ 'ion. provision is made so that a person subject to 2 � �k 1. 76 D.L.R.(3d)79 r.;,.i compulsory 9 D.L.R. (2d) 13, 1s1'' M;= treatment can appeal to the courts contest- (19°7)S.C.R.569 a- .'ii' '-t'•` • `n�R't to 3. 2 D.L.R.D,L.R.(2d)551 f?t?j°;:,;;gz1 merits of the decision to treat. Under a fluorida- 5- bid., ' 14 D.L.R.(3d)749 '`t" "`i ' 5. /bid., 754 ... p. P asrr 0- • ber/�ctobQr 1953 • ' ;ki ,�'tt, ,,-••; F • :.i Vii, • .art Kyy,i; . • N rN 361 'j: l • ••141, mo o : 5 _ O{ King County Nurses Association 8511 Fifteenth Northeast Seattle, Washington 98115 206/523-0997 VERBAL TESTIMONY TO THE RENTON ;CITY COUNCIL: January 14, 1985 FLUORIDATION OF CITY'S WATER SUPPLY Presented by Pat Lee, M.N. , R.N. King County Nurses Association INTRODUCTION The King County Nurses Association represents approximately 3,200 professional registered nurses (R.N.$) who practice in a variety of settings, including hospitals, clinics, schools, nursing homes, and community health agencies throughout King County. At least 133 members reside in the Renton area. FLUORIDATION OF WATER SUPPLY As licensed health care professionals, members of the King County Nurses Association are concerned about preventive measures that maintain the public ' s health. Public services and utilities have the responsibility to utilize measures that promote the public's health safely, effectively, and economically. Water fluoridation has been proven to be an effective, safe, and economical public health measure in preventing tooth decay. Tooth decay affects the individual at physical , emotional , and social levels. Destruction of tooth material is the obvious physical problem. Not so obvious are secondary problems caused from tooth decay. Dental carries can interfere with optimum nutrition, positive self-image, and emotional and social well- being through their effects on normal physical functions and appearance. Wouldn ' t it be better to avoid this outcome altogether? Water fluoridation assists in preventing tooth decay safely, effectively, and economically. The King County Nurses Association therefore urges the Council to take the necessary steps to fluoridate Renton 's water supply. i \.,. To: Renton City Council, via Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee, Patricia Lavery, Chairperson (255-0377). • From: Renton residents in support of fluoridation of. the Renton water supply. We, the undersigned, are City of Renton residents. We support water fluoridation as a benefit to our community's dental health. All the members of the community benefit from water fluoridation- children have 40-60� less tooth decay, and as adults retain the benefits by keeping their teeth longer and requiring fewer, dentures. Dental costs are thereby reduced for the entire family. ,v'e, the undersigned, support the addition of fluoride to our water supply: • SICNATURE ADDRESS 71 ___ / —tot' , , .4 ' - i i '64._ A "1 P . 'e _A/AN_ILL_____Vi_gd.k.. _�. - _ b Ir � J ,✓` /-- ___. - : COMMENTS FOR THE RENTON CITY COUNCIL - JANUARY 14, 1985 I AM DR . JESSE TAPP, DIRECTOR OF THE SEATTLE-KING COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH. OUR DEPARTMENT PROVIDES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES FOR ALL THE PEOPLE OF KING COUNTY, INCLUDING- THE CITY OF. RENTON . • I AM A MEDICAL SPECIALIST IN PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND FAMILY MEDICINE . AND SERVE ON THE FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND COMMUNITY MEDICINE . EVER SINCE BEGINNING MY DUTIES AS YOUR PUBLIC HEALTH OFFICER FIVE YEARS AGO, I HAVE BEEN CONCERNED ABOUT THE LACK OF ADEQUATE FLUORIDE IN THE PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY FOR MANY OF THE PEOPLE OF RENTON . I AM DELIGHTED TO BE HERE THIS EVENING TO ADVOCATE CORRECTING THAT DEFICIENCY AND SO TO BENEFIT ALL THE PEOPLE OF THIS COMMUNITY. 4i 2 THERE IS NO DOUBT THAT EVERYONE BENEFITS FROM THE IMPROVED DENTAL HEALTH WHICH RESULTS FROM FLUORIDATION OF PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS WHEN THEY ARE DEFICIENT IN NATURALLY OCCURRING FLUORIDE. WHETHER THERE BY NATURE OR BY ECONOMICAL TREATMENT, AN ADEQUATE LEVEL OF FLUORIDE PROVIDES DRAMATIC PROTECTION FROM THE RAVAGES OF DENTAL CARRIES FOR OUR CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE . ADULTS WHO HAVE GROWN UP WITH THIS BENEFIT RETAIN THEIR OWN TEETH AND GROW OLD WITH HEALTHIER TEETH AND GUMS . THERE IS MOUNTING EVIDENCE THAT FLUORIDE IN THE WATER PROVIDES CONTINUING PROTECTION FOR OUR TEETH AS WE GROW OLDER TO PREVENT THE DECAY WHICH OTHERWISE MAY OCCUR WHEN OUR GUMS AGE AND RECEDE FROM THE BASE OF OUR TEETH . 3 IN VIEW OF THE MOUNTING COST OF ALL KINDS OF HEALTH CARE, IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT EVERYONE IN THE COMMUNITY PLAYS HIS OR HER PART IN PROTECTING OUR NATURAL GOOD HEALTH TO AVOID UNNECESSARY COSTS OF PREVENTABLE ILLNESS AND INJURY. EVERY EMPLOYER AND BUSINESS PERSON WHO PAYS FOR HEALTH INSURANCE FOR EMPLOYEES MUST RECOGNIZE THE IMPORTANCE OF PREVENTING COSTLY MEDICAL AND DENTAL PROCEDURES . FLUORIDATION HAS BEEN PROVEN MANY TIMES OVER TO SAVE FAR MORE MONEY FOR THE COMMUNITY THAN THE RELATIVELY SMALL COST OF PROVIDING THE BENEFIT. THIS SAVINGS KEEPS DOWN THE COST OF HEALTH CARE AND INSURANCE PREMIUMS WHILE PREVENTING THE NEEDLESS SUFFERING OF DENTAL DECAY, ROOT CANAL PROCEDURES, AND PULLED TEETH. EVERYONE BENEFITS . 4 THERE CAN BE NO DOUBT THAT FLUORIDATION IS SAFE FOR DRINKING WATER . WATER IS NATURALLY FLUORIDATED IN MANY COMMUNITIES WITH NO DETRIMENT DETECTABLE OVER MANY GENERATIONS WHERE THE LEVEL IS IN THE RANGE OF ONE PART PER MILLION . IN THE FORTY YEARS SINCE FLUORIDATION OF PROTECTED SYSTEMS HAS BEEN IN PRACTICE THERE HAVE BEEN MANY SCIENTIFIC STUDIES SHOWING THE BENEFIT WHILE NO CREDIBLE EVIDENCE HAS BEEN MUSTERED BY THE FEW CRITICS TO SUGGEST LACK OF COMPLETE SAFETY. SPECIAL SITUATIONS SUCH AS THE OPERATION OF RENAL DIALYSIS UNITS HAVE NO RELEVANCE FOR USUAL USES OF WATER . 5 IT HAS BEEN CLAIMED THAT FLUORIDE IN. THE WATER AMOUNTS TO INVOLUNTARY MEDICAL TREATMENT FOR THE POPULATION , ; - RELATED TO THIS CONCERN, I REQUESTED THAT DR . CHARLES CHESTNUT ATTEND THIS EVENING TO SPEAK ABOUT THE USE OF FLUORIDE IN THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS, A COMMON PROBLEM IN OLDER PEOPLE IN WHICH THE BONES LOSE THEIR CALCIUM AND BREAK EASILY. UNFORTUNATELY HE IS IN THE OTHER WASHINGTON TONIGHT PROVIDING EXPERT TESTIMONY ON THAT SUBJECT; HOWEVER, HE EXPLAINED TO ME THAT FLUORIDE IS USED FOR OSTEOPOROSIS IN AMOUNTS FIFTY TO ONE HUNDRED TIMES GREATER THAN THE AMOUNT ONE . IS LIKELY TO RECEIVE IN DRINKING WATER. THE INGESTION OF SUCH AMOUNTS OF FLUORIDE IS SAFE AND BENEFICIAL, BUT EVEN IN THOSE CASES IT IS MORE ACCURATE TO CONSIDER IT A NUTRIENT THAN A MEDICINE. 6 THE TINY AMOUNT OF FLUORIDE RECEIVED IN WATER AT ONE PART PER MILLION CAN ONLY BE CONSIDERED A TRACE ELEMENT, ONE THAT IS ESSENTIAL FOR GOOD HEALTH LIKE MANY OTHER ELEMENTS WE RECEIVE IN SMALL AMOUNTS IN OUR FOOD AND WATER , 7 WHY IS YOUR PUBLIC HEALTH OFFICER RECOMMENDING THAT YOUR PUBLIC WATER BE FLUORIDATED WHEN OTHER MEANS ARE THEORETICALLY EFFECTIVE TO MAKE THE BENEFIT OF FLUORIDE AVAILABLE FOR PEOPLE WHO WISH IT? VERY SIMPLY, BECAUSE IT HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED OVER AND OVER THAT FLUORIDATION IS THE SUREST WAY TO ASSURE THAT THE DISEASE OF DENTAL CARIES WILL BE GREATLY REDUCED FOR EVERYONE, REGARDLESS OF ECONOMIC LEVEL, SOCIAL OR EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND, OR ABILITY TO OBTAIN DENTAL CARE . THERE ARE MANY HEALTH PROBLEMS FOR WHICH NO GENERALLY APPLI- CABLE BENEFIT . IS YET AVAILABLE, BUT FOR THOSE WE HAVE, MY JOB IS TO ADVOCATE THE BROADEST POSSIBLE APPLICATION . WE CAN BE VERY SATISFIED ,THAT THE WATERBORNE EPIDEMICS OF THE PAST, TYPHOID FEVER, CHOLERA, AND DYSENTERY, HAVE BEEN ERADICATED IN THIS COUNTRY BY PROVIDING SAFE WATER . AT PRESENT, ONLY ONE WIDELY PREVALENT DISEASE REMAINS WHICH CAN BE AFFECTED BY THE WATER SYSTEMS . IT IS TIME TO TAKE ACTION TO PREVENT CARIES. 4/7,( :Jed J3W7 6/o//2 w 1' ./g/f frwj f -/9 > ,fAc</4"cr �(a‘e/w p'41 �� y z.t 2-7// 0i�c� 4°! /c7 /J c ?A/f /e/A ' ,77,- s4/ t' / c(./ p fre7, w6/6/// / ' /4//-e/ p/&/../g- t<7/ ./ -/yr 4att6.7 ti/ 67f 47/a,-.(/,,i4/ 1 v�'�q��• �o� �,�-,a9�� 1'��/1��4/7 ism© -/#rX96//air a_ I/ �sl ip.g6e4i d �/r rJ/�%�o� �J�/ 6 jti_ f F//1�f ✓dG ��J �G��G� t/t,o Q.1/ 4-V//,//,141-///-% PP/0 .ieal '/W *E - - �G l�� ri✓�r�C/�I d ��/ma y.�./�'�o%�� //, �p ?ins- a( ,/ ./jos° �///.�,/er 9 ./�yif yyO/f/y�re/r- frO�,�Cj/ ' ��//, � r� �„�G �p�1 � � / (e/a,/ ,y4 ' 13‘ )f7-- C/<J�•/ /(/J i ‘ll�ckfry O 7/ 14(4�/> C<!---ar ;Geea/ eeZ,,b- k-e.:i •w//v. rhr - - %f ry./ poyzi so/,o6r ./1/1"/M P,/7/?,°'��./A'frrazp d Ago?�/ b1P?2-71, ‘f c'e -v/r cy -7 Y/e0 /. "7 teeetc(x,f-e)/ .77-D27(_/,/a...4 /crtf/Z‘Z,4A.,9e79 .ci- t/e.-71,20/6,,p_/fr-c247,4744,79/jyyvyT. yZ -Ah 4 '��f� G�v�i ��l v/jf i -iw,e7"4v1(.2J / 'e_avd.J "At —7 4/.6j i /J p/ z)wa ,Glej ��'/ /J "7? Y l7%��y�f��,.y� ��a�Q�e// �*1, ,0 fia e - �r� c>v jde fee/ .!eed j-eGf/17/76-w Gori -" Wil!'' j'�a�// /V. /��' '�y r7a __ - ,fr-P-ern "46( (7 4s-/ VV--&(,( - f l/?? �cJG�b. G C %l� �J ��y` � ;J'QC�/ U�// , /s�Q/ r 6 ,/ - - _wv GG,cUc7:,7 7_-,`c/z2, J r' ,eon me I eos�� ../-cv�j-/Y( .2,//c9c / e/-y g/ `//,v �g // 4 c>/ (_?,frp. - La_Fro,'lGh� �Q�l l0.• ��'d 9 10 Ave. So . Igen-l-o h 1,J4 . G S0S5- M y h us b ,d ozn d —r- h&J €-n 1 l V l YZ O Y l R en--I- F-t i -For i v- p c S+ /- y , _1-iI r-ec14. ye c O OL-txChi I d was bvr�r� C:n6 L 1DOr\ e_o -1z�c'�i r1 Yrte 0t 4-y was dei i k-t- 4 yld "- t cd- OW^ Com -€r W czS __pi v L,..4,-,i d c }-facI QTS a. rlcWr-LS T_Ldatcikk Dcur-e_ b-( 4he. hen e-0 s and d Cc necey . h fl ew s IJcp e r-- ar-1 ctd Sor y bcd l0+ h l��e -, Consre,--ecl y -pe_e l 44\a..-I- 4k i s w o I lamer cu--) (.tn v� CP.s s y -� r poLysars I c ur3e_ ,Pae c+ed LoI p-erm s ado p-+ . 42(c) O-v-\ pro,ci r-cce\-, r d.i GL tr Q , A s N -, cl e,-x+s o- +I-1 c. e J. o-P Ren-1-0 n , We, -i-ke._ (,_rider-S i r> _cr 1 S o r+ 4-�, ca O n �� e. c�cl �-h o-t C` G-1/2-y 1n11eYe_ -PI cr.idc_-hon `fro r-o m /Ca-42/cY _ cvyt- L ,dez c,L.,=-A._ 2 ,_\\T.�ainC/i_,_. 9./D . a,2-c ,e , ,s We,-2./* Lia. . 9gz3-5 s- C-)_:_ f (AA c fcc,t,Ce_. (211 d 1.3uD co o o lo 'Cd 1 ()u-ton , tic h4 98OtS 4 -e-I2' c -f( /2( 4, ctAke—(4)—% /al jciLet,iki: ail ,L, , e...,:to--„, i I � I6Oss- ..,-,ervi/Li V Ad-12.1.-et--z.t. >g-ttalt-EA-j 90 /.,,I..pr.1 -e). V/. A64.6 7 c/ 10q. q P-C-c3- 2_,_ L--2Imo 0, - -1. t of cR, 1- P1 , LU 0 , cl 0SS' A5 r, --'',8 errt5 o4 The ien-i-c)- n , W _. - h uncter-si`Teci , '5'PP'r-4- --1-ke_ coolopii 0 r\ 0-(1 c,_ CH-y cicchloc. . . proo rc,,_,,,,-, . _.... 21.x"--11 V--,/e-ievie:eh_. (Zf./..,Lef.e.it.c: I0.i - - 14.4t--yi.e azi-e,. 4/---4Z-.1.., 4,t1ci..a,4 . Ye /1--7/(___ d t lv4 PA g,&wkiYi I 14)6'woS ir--41j---- i'mn- 02viv & 41 , v '06O--, DQv\q nuffcGA c2.0,,, ieei()TP/0 t69/1 41,96-3- CLQAAAN-/ Luii 9 d-o -6 11 / t • tet/ i - - - e -7 0 r(9 & S f May 18, 1984 To the Honorable Members of the Renton City Council: I have a condition called osteoporosis which is a type of bone weakening or softening seen among the elderly. In 1970 while dress shopping, I looked into a mirror and noticed that my back was curving into a hunchback formation. I had no pain at that time. I went to an orthopaedic surgeon who after numerous scans and x-rays diagnosed my spine was gradually curving. In 1972 I was told it was now necessary to go into the hospital into traction. I was kept in the hospital for 4 weeks with 11-12 pound weights on each hip hoping to prevent the spine from curving any further. As part of my treatment, I was put on 10-12 fluoride tablets a day and told never to stop taking them. I was also told to take 10 calcium tablets a day. It is my personal opinion that if fluoride was an additive to water years ago, I would not have been afflicted with osteoporosis. Since the treatment of osteoporosis involves the daily ingestion of fluoride in large doses, I see more reason to believe in itis merits for keeping our bones and teeth healthy. I strongly believe fluoride should be added to the City of Renton water supply to benefit the health of all. Sincerely, Mrs. Selma Fitting 51 Burnett Ave. So. Apt. 412 Renton, Wa. 228-1769 0 mggE) King County Nurses Association 8511 Fifteenth Northeast Seattle, Washington 98115 206/523-0997 VERBAL TESTIMONY TO THE RENTON CITY COUNCIL: January 14, 1985 FLUORIDATION OF CITY'S WATER SUPPLY Presented by Pat Lee, M.N. , R.N. King County Nurses Association INTRODUCTION The King County Nurses Association represents approximately 3,200 professional registered nurses (R.N.$) who practice in a variety of settings, including hospitals, clinics, schools, nursing homes, and community health agencies throughout King County. At least 133 members reside in the Renton area. FLUORIDATION OF WATER SUPPLY As licensed health care professionals, members of the King County Nurses Association are concerned about preventive measures that maintain the public' s health. Public services and utilities have the responsibility to utilize measures that promote the public's health safely, effectively, and economically. Water fluoridation has been proven to be an effective, safe, and economical public health measure in preventing tooth decay. Tooth decay affects the individual at physical , emotional , and social levels. Destruction of tooth material is the obvious physical problem. Not so obvious are secondary problems caused from tooth decay. Dental carries can interfere with optimum nutrition, positive self-image, and emotional and social well- being through their effects on normal physical functions and appearance. Wouldn't it be better to avoid this outcome altogether? Water fluoridation assists in preventing tooth decay safely, effectively, and economically. The King County Nurses Association therefore urges the Council to take the necessary steps to fluoridate Renton 's water supply. 9c01(2 iirgv )22-17 pvi9 ieu42-,kg '7Y? 727 )24.iat7 ( r)11-771-, get-A7rme_a-izipr fvtvo (20:2,20„ rrr,i7p0;77 M7 -04\ (-92-7-147-7 (7\ L - —c>s 6/ (7L7/ llorora-bie_ 1)1 of a.,n l CiL4 C°,o v n Lc l . e,r o f)6_) ; Aeon eern e . kire_iii- and_ res-c d e of i n 0,i-t y o-P en4on, We aye Very m ueh i n :jailor o--- i n6--a.l 1 rit )o r Ae, In our -erd-o ii Oa er 6u p P 1 y . l,Ji-t-h ` the L_ of o ) + i &Lre_ 4d6u' -- o5-{- One- .--Pi 11 i n5 -per &vfli ) y ) -pe r ' ea-r Wo U Ad 0_054- (kr. m o re.. N ` 1 ha.rl e__.( -is o- p(ty i n6 r -P l o r; da+ed eck+er: -}- y S a150 k ex erg i_ /e `theLn e- -th e r P1oHde, -t-ab ie.-Fs or (-For &h i 1 d_re6 in v l-1-i V i+a i n i Yl 5 uW 1.-L h 1 o r,-dLe a.c c1 RoricL tJ -E er Wo u id be. ] ox+iu1i/ y bene- cd +o those ac vs tab 8a.._hno+ k.4-Porti _1)en+a-1 In .u ra,y e_e_ d,ove.ra1 e or 6u1 'the, riven+o-+i ve mea_.0 ur .s /1.5t-eA- above . For *es_e on pm i aioL.( verson . ) a$ tde.iI a3 ( h 4ot* i.-1- Would e mo - o- -the uesf►on a u l- — a_5 +o Oh e li er iJ e,. a d our th r )c.ren a. rc q e_++i n en o Uc h -Q i o ri ct e. `�'oro-EtC�-I- o u Y1-e.Eth ) lc. c the undexctilned , a,re., 10-070 in -kuor o--P v d-a.--i n_5 our Wcd-ei _ up p) 9 si- byd-L n j -Noricie I+. i • f703 iiE a o 2-' ee1+0r .'- /-_,,,-.‘,_;. ./g.,,,,,,I-. 1 - • , - - /9of 776 .,x4,- °0 l & '� �, /70 r /dc",,.?0 ,4,,i -ate I l I:, ; I 1 ', UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 98195 I! j 1, I 1111. 4 II � 1 1' January 14, 1985 '; j i! School of Dentistry III Department of Pediatric Dentistry, SB-26 f i I li ; 1.' I .II My name is Dr. Peter Domoto. I am Associate Professor and Chairmam of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the University of Washington. IX As an educator in pediatric dentistry, I am an enthusiastic supporter jLi of water fluoridation. There are literally hundreds of studieslWhich support the optimal utilization of fluoride in order to prevent dental caries in children. Community water fluoridation is the most effective and least expensive means of providing fluoride. Optimal levels' of! ` fluoride provides a reduction of 50-65% in new caries. It is estimated that over 130 million people are currently utilizing fluoridated water in the U.S.A. The adjustment of the water supply is the least 'expensive meansof reducing caries. Overwhelming evidence exists for the safety of fluorides at the low concentrations which are utilized to prevent caries. ; ; ,.•, I want to commend the Renton City Council for considering the standardiza- tion of the Renton water supply to optimal levels. It is clear from my experience of treating and supervising the treatment of children from the Greater Seattle area that all children of Renton will benefit greatly from an improvement of the fluoride status. I urge the City Council to take action to optimize the fluoride levels in the City of Renton for the benefit of all children. There is no doubt that water fluoridation is an effective, inexpensive, and safe caries preventive measure. Deirrlo 47-)7) .'s I , P,O, Box 2322 Renton, WA September 17, 1984 Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health. Trish Lavery, Chairperson Dear Mrs. Lavery, I am a plumber, actively engaged in this occupation for the past near decade. In all my experience in the northwest area, I have not been able to detect any damage to plumbing materials caused by fluoride in the water. In fact, in talking with others in my field, there is no known problem to plumbing materials of any kind, which is directly attributed to fluoride being added to the water. Sincerely, David Thomas, Local 32 Plumbers Union, Seattle w-i/pix;m/ ,",--7-vc/9/cc✓v4/{' VV7�' /6 e-"?'" r," P/7- 17 C'i ? (7) • / ) -11- dr?? 7',n,,� 179-(7 T Y7r/9 / d?1 Q1 lickeiner/ Yrrocsi 4 p9. • // irrky-"71 Ltorpe- ( /1' PT.') r9-T? r-r4nr-v-Y-Y)-0 oi lc% _pd 6/ t,% "l-wog (.,)= ,*_, ,-.0), ,--09 ,L1p.)_-2, * (L'04 .2- ,--Q0,-, ,,,:so (1� ?�(�,i ' (lam � 1\, _ \.� re: (�l � ).j'_ :_:i„,))_•:::: _:\)J_. ,a\fQrYJes' . ,,,J>-.,l j, PASTEL LI��PRINTS ggR I NTS Current-. CURRENT,INC,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80941 17 • Maxine E. Motor City Clerk' ' Renton City Council 200 Mill Ave So. Renton, WA" 98055 Dear Ms. Motor; • Enclosed is `'tHe text of my presentation to tre. Renton City Council' on January 16, 1985. Blame my negligence on presenting same to you, on nerves, or what have you. Please accept my apologies. • Sincerely, • Patricia M. .Dickinsori' • • • • • • • ,10 t,.,, wi AS A CONSTITUENT OF THE CITY OF RENTON FOR THE PAST 35 .+ YEARS, I STRONGLY URGE THE ADDITION OF FLU- ORIDE TO LU-ORIDE:TO OUR CITY WATER SUPPLY FOR THE PROMOTION OF DENTAL HEALTH. I CITE OUR OWN FAMILY AS AN INDICATION OF THE MERIT OF THE ADDITION OF THIS MARVELOIIS MEDICATION. IN ESSENCE, WE HAVE TWO FAMILIES, WITH A GAP OF SEVEN YEARS. OUR FIRST CHILD, PRIOR TO OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE MERITS OF FLUORIDE, WAS PLAGUED WITH DENTAL CARRIES OR CAVITIES, IF YOU TJILL. ENTER THE HERO, FLUORIDE! OUR LAST TWO CHILDREN ENJOY VERY GOOD, SOLID, CARRIES FREE TEETH. INTERESTINGLY ENOUGH, WHEN WE BEGAN ADDING FLU- ORIDE DROPS TO THE OTHER CHILDREN'S DIET, THE CAVITY NUMBERS DECREASED DRAMATICALLY. •• WE STILL ADD FLUORIDE DROPS TO OUR WATER TODAY, EVEN THOUGH OUR CHILDREN ARE GROWN AND GONE. NOW WE'RE CONCERNED ABOUT ANOTHER CONDITION, OSTEOPOROSIS OR BRITTLE, BONES, IN OUR OLD , OR RAPIDLY ADVANCING AGE. CONSIDER THE PLIGHT OF OUR NUMEROUS LOW-INCOME FAMILIES. rENTAL COSTS ARE EXHORRITANT. EVEN PUR- CHASING FLUORIDE IS NOT FEASIBLE IN MANY CASES. THE ORAL HEALTH OF SOME OF OUR FUTURE LEADERS MAY.BE AT STAKE. HOW MUCH SIMPLER IT WOULD RE TO HAVE FLUORIDE ADDED TO OUR WATER SUPPLY, AS OUR SISTER COMMUNITIES AND CITIES HAVE ALREADY ACCOMPLISHED. LET'S ADD FLUORIDE TO RENTON'S WATER NOW! PAT DICKINSON (MRS. ROBERT C.) 2000 NORTHEAST. 27+,h Street RENTON, WA. 98056" Nutrition&,. ' Dental consortium lit �� 2134 �jorthwest io4 th — _ ° 0 ° searr1e, 1�ashin9 ton 9si�7 �n0000° ° ° January 14, 1985 4 0 • Dear Members of the Renton City Council: The Nutrition and Dental Consortium urges you to fluoridate the • City of Renton's water supply. Fluoride is an essential nutrient that strengthens both bones and teeth.. At optimal levels fluoride is the most effective method available to reduce dental caries. According to well documented research, optimal fluoride can prevent up to 65% of dental caries. . . All respected medical and scientific organizations agree that . fluoridating community drinking water is safe, economical and the most effective way of preventing tooth decay. All children not • . receiving fluoridated water should be taking a fluoride supplement. , Unfortunately, •the cost is prohibitive to.most low income families. . Food habits have changed over the past generation. More foods are frequently eaten that promote tooth decay. For• example the average American now consumes about 130 pounds of sugar per year. A Renton . Jr. High School boy consumed the 'following diet: Teaspoons of Sugar: Breakfast: Pop Tart 6 Froot Loops and Milk 2 Tang (10 ounces) 10 Snack: Donut 5 Chewing gum 1/2 . Lunch Peanut better & Jam Sandwich 6 Chocolate Cake 15 • Milk Banana Snack: Hostess Sno-Ball 5 ' Soda Pop(12 ounces) 9 Dinner: Meat Apple ' Milk Berry Pie with Ice Cream 16 Snack: Froot Loops and Milk . . 2 . Day's Total = 76 or 2/3 pound of sugar This is not an unusual diet but is indicative of the need to curb the high sugar consumption of many children prone to dental caries. Our consortium is working to educate—children-i- parents and professionals.on how to make • healthier food choices. Another indication of the need to fluoridate Renton's water supply is, evidenced by the number of children found_ by the Seattle King County Dental Health Team who need dental care. Of the '5,307 elementary children screened in 1984, 9% or 478 students were referred to dentists. About 53 of these • She trianyft roprosents the tkru. main compnints ag3x i ora( ltealtk: • a health fu(diet ipso*oral tiyyleae r rsgular yrofehiora! care 4 • To: Membersof the Renton City Council January 14, 1985 From: Nutrition and Dental Health Consortium Page Two elementary students needed emergency dental care. A healthy mouth is critical for good nutrition. Nutritional status can be compromised when an individual is unable to obtain a balanced diet due to oral health problems. Vote to provide the benefits of water fluoridation so your constituents and- their "chi:Z'di-en can join half of the U.S. population who already are ,fcrtunate. Your citizens have the right to good nutrition and healthy smiles. Sincerely, Donna Oberg R.D. , M.P.H. Secretary Nutrition and Dental Health. Consortium. Sylvia A. Watson E.S.D. 121 Head Start Nutritionist E.S.D. 121 Head Start favors fluoridation. All children brush their teeth once a day during the program. If parents give their permission, a weekly fluoride swish is given to each child. Should the Head Start center be located in a non-fluoridated area, we supply information to parents suggesting ways to administer fluoride to other siblings. We supply nutrition education to all parents to help them foster good dental habits, and reinforce what we teach in the program. Head Start meals contain a minimum of sugar, and no sugary desserts are served. We help parents find dental services, and in many instances Head Start pays for extensive follow-ups. _ _ 7c7<,Bt ps co/ .-2a4,e/ • ovw • u-vilz-c zein 4\A) hay/ )-(zeov --T44; -e_o-2/1(rPr4 — )32'07 7 7 '(? 2A,y � � A � �P • KOLA/4 y MEMO R : NDUM RENTON CITY COUNCILMEMBERS DATE JAN. 1 , 1985 TO FROM NANCY MATHEWS FLUORIDATION SUBJECT HISTORY : - March '69 : Renton voters defeated fluoridation issue 53 to 46°r.,. - 1976 State Initiative 322 favored by Renton precincts by 64% margin. - July 23, 84 Referred to Utilities Committee. - Aug. 23, 84 Utilities Committee Meeting. (See attached letter from DSHS re Ref. 38 fluoridation equipment funding, and July 21 letter from Houghton re city costs for implementation. ) - Sept . 27, 84 Rate impact of implementation, maintainance and operation of fluoridation. (See memo from Mike Mulcahy, attached.) - Nov. 5 , 84 Utility Committee recommends public hearing for Jan. 14, 1985. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION : The fluoridation information file is available thru Billie. Please avail yourselves of any of the printed information on the subject and copies of petitions and letters of support and/or opposition. NOTIFICATION OF PUBLIC HEARING: In addition to legal requirements , letters were sent to parties of record (those who attended meetings or sent letters) . Appx. 50. COST OF ADVISORY BALLOT: King County must receive resolution of ballot intent 45 days prior to the election. Sole Issue: S20,000 (appx. ) Primary Election : Actual cost would depend on necessity of a primary election in 85 for city elections. General Election : S200 - S300 plus the 55,000 the City must pay for its share of city election costs . STai£ JOHN SPELLMAN .1 t Governor ayMai` KAREN RAHM Secretary STATE OF WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AND HEALTH SERVICES Olympia, Washington 98504 June 21, 1984 Michael W. Parness Administrative Assistant to the Mayor 200 Mill Avenue South Renton, Washington 98055 RE: Referendum 38 Funding of Fluoridation Equipment Dear Mr. Parness: The Department of Social and Health Services Dental Health Unit has asked me to write to you concerning grant funding of fluoridation equipment. The Referendum 38 Funding Program does participate in the purchase and instal - lation of fluoridation equipment with 40 percent grants. If you would like additional information regarding funding programs or the process regarding the funding program or the process, please call me at (206) 753-3528. Sincerel , '93y4)9L,-7e. Peggy Johnson, Coordinator4.o, Municipal Water Supply. Funding Programs PJ:clu • cc: Dr. Robert Faine, Dental Health " Moe Batra, PSHS Engineer July 31 , 1984 Barbara Shinpoch , Mayor Members of the City Council 200 Mill Ave . S . Renton , WA 98055 SUBJECT : Fluoridation Honorable Mayor Shinpoch and Council Members : The following is a report of the Public Works Department ' s investigation of fluoridation of the City water supply . The investigation was requested by the Mayor ' s office in March and was prepared by City staff members — Ron Olsen , Utilities Engineer ; Larry Saviage , Water Maintenance Supervisor ; and Bob Bergstrom, Engineering Supervisor . In addition , they were greatly assisted by the efforts of Dr . Caswell Evans , Chief of Dental Services , Seattle—King County Department of Public Health , and Tom Reeves and Darrell Sanders of the centers for Disease Control of the U . S . Public Health Services . OVERVIEW Addition to fluoride to the public water supply has been used over the past 40 years to prevent tooth decay . Renton has used ground water sources that are naturally low in fluoride ( . 1 to . 5 ppm) which would require fluoride supplement . As an example of a local water utility , Redmond adds fluoride to their water with a recommended dose of 1 part per million (ppm) . Renton would require similar equipment to add fluoride to its water supply . Several times in the past , the City of Renton has investigated fluoridation — once in the early 1960s and again in 1968 when Seattle began fluoridation . At present , the City has been approached by the "Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health Committee" and supported by the Seattle King County Department of Public Health . Fluoridation has been encouraged by Public Health professionals because of the dramatic reduction in tooth decay . As reported by the U . S . Public Health Service , fluoridation will reduce dental cavities by approximately 67% among children who ingest this water from birth , and the benefits continue into adult life . Use of fluoride in public water supplies has been opposed in turn because of cost , perceived health impacts , concerns about water quality degradation , and concerns about loss of personal choice . Fluoride has been added by some interested parents into their childrens ' milk to provide fluoride for dental benefits . Barbara Shinpoch -2- July 31 , 1984 RENTON CHOICES In Renton , most of the City is served by non-fluoridated water . Only the Renton Hill and West Hill neighborhoods , and small fringes of the City served by suburban water districts , receive fluoridated water purchased from Seattle . The West Hill area will switch off Seattle sometime in mid-1985 with completion of the new Dimmitt School Reservoir . While fluoride could be added just to school supplies , or just to hillside service areas at booster pump stations , this report assumes that fluoride will be added at our sources : The City wells and Springbrook Springs . The natural characteristics of our water dictate the type and method of fluoride additives . Fluoride is commercially available in acid and salt forms , and the selection of the proper compound must consider the relative hardness of the public water source . Because of our naturally soft water - 49 to 85 ppm of hardness , the addition of chlorine for sanitary control causes a decrease in the Ph of the water to 6 . 5 - 6 . 7 . Using an acid form of fluoride would further decrease the Ph , making the City water strongly acidic and corrosive . The recommended additive is Sodium Fluoride which is a white , odorless material available as a crystal and is a salt form with a Ph of 7 . 6 in a saturated solution . This is a high cost product form; however , its neutral Ph is desirable to avoid the corrosiveness found in Seattle ' s use of hydrofluosilicic acid . RENTON FACILITIES To fluoridate Renton ' s water supplies , fluoride must be added at the various sources ; Springbrook Springs , Wells #1 and 2 , Well #3 , Well 1;15 , Well #8 and Well #9 . New structures to house the individual fluoride equipment will be required at Well #1 and 2 , Well #5 and Well #8 . Existing buildings can be modified at Well #8 and #9 and at Springbrook . A new storage building for dry storage of sodium fluoride will be required at some central location . Each individual fluoridator will be a solution feeder . The crystaline sodium fluoride is poured into a 50-gallon plastic barrel and water is flushed through from the bottom to form a saturated 4% fluoride solution . A small pressure pump then injects the fluoride solution into the well or spring output piping to create the 1 ppm fluoride solution in the City Water supply . The City water may require a small "home type" water softener at each fluoridator to remove manganese and calcium if lab tests indicate that these two natural ions interfere with the formation of the 4% saturated fluoride solutions in the process equipment . Barbara Shinpoch -3- July 31', 1984 RENTON COSTS The addition of fluoride equipment to the City will require substantial initial expenditures and annual costs that will require addition of one new operator/maintenance staff member . Capital/Equipment Costs Fluoride Equipment $ 69 ,000 Buildings and Remodeling 100 ,000 Storage Building 20 ,000 Lab and Test Equipment 2 ,000 Truck 10 ,000 $201 ,000 Professional Services Design Consultant $ 36 ,000 Inspection - Consultant 20 , 000 City Staff Support 15 ,000 $ 71 ,000 Initial Capital Costs 272 , 000 Rounded To $300 , 000 Annual Cost Sodium Fluoride at $ 1 .00/ lb x 53 , 000 lbs/year $ 53 , 000 Equipment Maintenance Parts 7 ,000 Operator Staff person - Grade 7 ( 75% Chargeable to FL Program) 24,000 Vehicle rental 1 , 000 Utilities and Misc . Lab Supplies 2 ,400 Annual Costs - 1985 87 ,400 Rounded to $ 88 , 000 The period of time required for design and construction of the fluoride facilities is estimated at 18 months . Because of in-City staff work loads , and the technical requirement of the design , the facilities would be designed by professional consultant engineers . The facilities would be built by contractors hired by public bidding . RENTON OPERATIONS Operation of a fluoridation system for Renton is an on-going effort . This effort will require an additional staff member to maintain and operate the equipment and monitor the fluoride content . Barbara Shinpoch -4- July 31 , 1984 Powder fluoride will be added to each plastic barrel saturator twice a week . Each workday the operator will collect samples of City water in the distribution system and test to assure the proper fluoride content in the system . The operator ' s additional staff time will be used to operate and maintain the the existing chlorination system . CONCLUSION The City ' s Public Works Department has determined that fluoride could be added to the City water supply if directed by the City Council . Using sodium fluoride and individually fluoridating each well and spring source , - construction costs are estimated at $300 , 000 . Annual operation , maintenance and one new staff member costs are estimated in 1985 to be $88,000 . Very truly yours , Richard C . Houghton Public Works Director REB; PMP Y 1►V�.. I r1(,L�tY11✓IU OF REQ , ° THE CITY OF RENTON as .Q z :, MUNICIPAL BUILDING 200 MILL AVE.SO. RENTON.WASH.98055 .w BARBARA V. SHINPOCH, MAYOR 0 FINANCE DIRECTOR o 9A MICHAEL J.MULCAHY 0,941 7.sD September 27 1984 MEMORANDUM RECEIVED TO : Utilities Committee Members SEP 2 7 1984 FROM: Mike Mulcahr111/�/46 CITY OF RENTON SUBJECT : Rate Impacts of Fluoridation CITY COUNCIL In response to your question concerning the rate impacts of proposed fluoridation of the City water system, I have prepared the analysis which follows. In making these rate projections, I have assumed the following: 1. The capital cost to provide fluoridation in the City's water system is $300,000. 2. The annual operation and maintenance cost to fluoridate the City's water is $100, 000. 3. The City's current $19. 6 million 1990 Capital Improvement Plan will be completed as proposed to Council last year. The following rate comparisons are for single-family residential customers using 1 ,000 cubic feet per month: 1. Current 1984 rate - $ 9. 62 2: Projected 1990 rate without fluoridation - $18. 18 3. Projected 1990 rate with fluoridation - $18. 71 4. Difference - 53 per month (3% higher rate) If the decision were to fluoridate the water supply, the existing capital program would have to be re-prioritized to make room for the $300, 000 capital expenditure. This is necessary to ensure a smooth increase in rates to 1990, making each year's rate increase as reasonable as possible. I would be happy to discuss this issue further with you at your committee meeting or at your individual pleasure. cc: Mayor Dick Houghton !Pr 0 2 R4, • - O THE CITY OF RENTON 4:. MUNICIPAL BUILDING 200 MILL AVE.SO. RENTON,WASH.98055 o o BARBARA Y. SHINPOCH, MAYOR • MAXINE E.MOTOR,. 90 �,CD' CITY CLERK • (206) 235-2500 91 E SEP-0'w November 9, 1984 John E. Dunn, M.D. President King County Medical Society 200 Broadway Seattle, WA 98122. Dear Dr. Dunn: Your-letter of November 7, 1984 in support of fluoridation of our water supply will be presented to the Renton City Council at the public hearing scheduled for January 14, 1985. A representative of your organization is invited to attend the public hearing to address the issue of fluoridation for Renton water supply if you so desire. The hearing is scheduled for 8:00 p.m. in the Second Floor Council Chambers, Renton Municipal Building. Yours very truly, CITY OF RENTON Maxine E. Motor City Clerk cc: Robert Hughes, Council President ' Nancy Mathews, Council 's Utilities Committee Chairman OF R&, t$ z THE RENTON CITY COUNCIL I c MUNICIPAL BUILDING • 200 MILL AVENUE SOUTH • RENTON, WASHINGTON 98055. 235-2586 O ) .1) co- 44'0 sEPS ' PUBLIC HEARING RENTON CITY COUNCIL FLUORIDATION OF CITY'S WATER SUPPLY NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the Renton City Council has fixed the 14th day of January, 1985, at 8:00 p.m. in the Council Chambers of the Renton Municipal Building, 200. Mill Avenue South, Renton, Washington, as the time and place for a public hearing regarding fluoridation of the city's . water supply.. Interested parties, are invitedto attend and express their view publicly or submit written comments. CITY OF RENTON dy/.2 --ineceet John W. Reed, President Nancy L. M thews, Chairman Renton City Council Utilities Committee JWR:bd 0 40110 FLUORIDATION PUB1J'C HEARING NOTICE MAILING LIST Ray Griffin, President . Alma Miller Ware, ' M.N. , R.M. Maplewood Hts. Maint. Corp. . Executive Director 14306 - 144th Ave. S.E. King County Nurses Association Renton, WA 98056 8511 Fifteenth. Northeast . Seattle, WA 98115 Charlene Bonnelycke Program Administrator Phil Goldenman, President Health Services Association of Social & Health Servih Renton School District #403 of South King County 435 Main Avenue South 305 S. 43rd Renton, WA 98055. Renton, WA 98055 Bette Petersen Jim Bauman, Executive Director Program Director Valley Community Clinic ESD No. 121 Head Start 110 Williams Ave. So. 1410 South 200th Street Renton, WA 98055 Seattle, WA 98148 Karl-Ake Omnell., DDS Sue Landry, President Dean, School of Dentistry Highlands Preschool Association University of Washington 3604 NE 10th Court Suite D322, Health Sciences Center Renton, WA 98056 Seattle, WA 98195 Pat Kodis, Co-President Larry A. Thompson Kennydale PTA Executive Director 1700 NE 28th Street Puget Sound Health Systems Agency Renton, WA 98056 601 Valley Street Seattle, WA 98109 Pat McSwan, President Renton Park PTA Marilyn McCrum, President 16828 - 128th S.E. Wash. St. Public Health Assoc. Renton, WA 98055 P. 0. Box 521 Redmond, WA 98052 Joy Poff, President Talbot Hill PTA Kimberly K. Kanson, Chairperson 2300 Talbot Road South Dental Health Section Renton, WA 98055 Wash. St. Public Health Assoc. P. O. Box 521 Mrs. L. F. Wilson Redmond, WA 98052 17410 Maple Valley Highway #47 Renton, WA 98055 Heber W. Olsen Financial Sec.-Treas. & Mrs. Selma Fitting Business Representative 51 Burnett Ave. So. United Brotherhood of Carpenter and Apt. 412 Joiners of America Renton, WA 98055 Renton Local No. 1797 231 North Burnett Robert R. Amundson, President Renton, WA 98055 Rolling Hills Moheowners Association P. 0. Box 656 Baird Bardarson, .MD Renton, WA 98055 Suite 102 4300 Talbot Road South Renton, WA 98055 Fluoridation Public Hearing Notice Mailing List Page Two Abraham B. Bergman, M.D. Ralph Culver, DDS, PS Director of Pediatrics 16651 - 108th S.E. Harborview Medical Center Renton, WA 98055 325 Ninth Avenue Seattle, WA 98104 Daniel N. O'Brien, DDS, MSD 400 South 38th Court Alan Fine, M.D. Renton, WA 98055 Chief of Staff Group Health Cooperative of Puget. Sound Patrick L. McKenzie, DDS Renton Medical Center 1900 South Puget Drive 275 Bronson Way NE West View Building, Suite 102 Renton, WA 98055 Renton, WA 98055 Charles G. Jackson, Chief Dr. Stuart A. Vendeland, DDS Pediatrics Department 1920 S. Puget Drive Valley General Hospital Medical Staff Renton, WA 98055 400 South 43rd Street Renton, WA 98055 Richard D. Seims, DDS 14300 S.E. Petrovitsky Blvd. Ty M. Galvin, DDS Suite J 344 Morris Avenue S. Renton, WA 98055 Renton, WA 98055 Richard D. Leshgold, . DDS Dr. Donald B. Saboe Seattle-King County Dental Society 419 - 4th Avenue 620 Medical Dental Building Renton, WA 98055 Seattle, WA 98101 John T. Hauge, DMD Arthur M. Sweeten 17600 Talbot Road South 12225 S.E. 88th Place Renton, WA 98055 Renton, WA 98056 Alan F. Wilson, DDS Terre Scappini 17600 Talbot Road South 2400 N.E. 12th Renton, WA 98055 Renton, WA 9.8056 Dr. Robert W. Hancheroff Kathy Seeley 340 Morris Avenue South S c/o Kent Police Department Renton, WA 98055 200 - 4th South Kent, WA 98032 Kenneth G. Johnsen, DDS 314 South Fourth Avenue Lee Ann Johnson Kent, WA 98032 3917 NE 6th Street Renton, WA 98056 Robert J. Dunnington, DDS 3915 Talbot Road South Dr. Brozovich DDS Renton, WA 98055 66 Williams .S: Renton, WA 98055 Dr. Tom Cawrse 227 South 4th Place J. 'Michael Hardy, DDS Renton, WA 98055 121 Pelly North Renton, WA 98055 Jeffrey C. Huey, DDS 17900 Talbot Road South Donald J. 'layer, DDS Renton, WA 98055 .300 Pelly Avenue N. Renton, WA 98055 Fluoridation Public Hearing Notice Mailing List Page Three Trisha Lavery 1100 North- 38th Street Renton, WA 98055 Luis Diaz deLeon Assistant Director Seamar 8720 - 14th Avenue S. Seattle, WA 98108 Moe Batra P.E. Regional Engineer DSHS 1409 Smith Tower B17-9 Seattle, WA 98104 Caswell Evans, Jr. , Director County Health Services Division 400 Yesler Way Seattle, WA 98104 Dr. Bob Newman 432 Shattuck Avenue S. Renton, WA 98055 r . • IN TICt li . I . ,i RENTON CITY COUNCIL PuBLIC . HEARING , , , , . ON JANUARY 14, 1981 AT 8: 00 P.M. RENTON MUNICIPAL BUILDING COUNCIL CHAMBERS 200 MILL AVENUE SOUTH , ! . . TO CONSIDER WHETHER OR NOT: FLUORIDE SHOULD . BE ADDED. TO. THE CI.TY OF 'RENTON .WATER: .SUPPLY,. . . i ANY .AND ALL CITIZENS. ARE I NV.I TED. TO. THE . HEARING. TO. PROVIDE INPUT, EITHER WRITTEN OR ORAL,. ON. THIS SUBJECT. MATTER... . . (Complete legal description &further information available in the City Clerk's Office - 235-2500, The removal, mutilation, destruction � 1 :::::r:: °f : mis ., ar n i • and __ _ imprisonment. - - CERTIFICATION • STATE OF WASHINGTON)ss. COUNTY OF KING ) I I_ e. Jie L. Ph6)1iD S HEREBY CERTIFY THAT 2.5 COPIES OF THE ABOVE NOTICE ' WERE POSTED BY ME IN THREE OR MORE CONSPICUOUS PLACES ON THE PROPERTY DESCRIBED AND TWO COPIES WERE POSTED AT THE RENTON MUNICIPAL BUILDING, 200 MILL AVENUE S. , RENTON, WA ON DATE OF Nov 20 0 2/,, /98 SUBS�R 1:1107W45-14%-1750 B9 FOa ME S I GNED e,/` ! /. _.// /,;, ,,e th,e o / / Notary Public i and for,..e State of W tr hington, residing at - - S. ./4 .rrat•rt A ,t ';is)-4e#-. .10 •:";',•-!:-..•',:'..!.'••'1'-•••,..•'"-:.•'•••-'• --': :-.%2--7•• :.• -:- -*•... 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' ao<uri ' .G Z '''g'' 6 .•-:.;7;.•q ' .g.g ?A'6,1 spooLapg-i {s%gio'3'W d , 2® f s a •'N Pitts/ y Ov( ''. 67 ./s,74cr.t g e r 4 t v .:.:7,..-::,",.-..:-•:::J:‘,-,:.,•,.-:.7".:--..z:-,:!••:::::::-:::.••••-..,Y.•-rJ;-,,-•::'.•-:::-.;:. -_--,...-,,,,::: :-;,•:....;.•Nt.:--:..-,e0it-v-:)/10,4:!-:..-•:4„..'•-•':''.. g:'-i=os..N.'.•.:c ,.:•.„.-:,:,.-y--.' ::::„.-•••::, ,:..,,,,,;::::::,....--:.;••,!,:,::,)::.•'•-•••••.:::,':,\•,....•..•: ...:.:: ..,. ...:...,;.:::-...•-::.-.:•. .,•--•,-.,-•,.,.,...;',...,:r.-,-;•,z,.....':••..-•-::,,,,:-.:-. .,-,:2-.',.,: ,.... :.. ,•-•.• ,.• - .. .... •.,_ -.. :. • • .. 3 ` O 1 sp ■ .X8dr'r2 O ON u0`. /mop' "49.1$02 Jpi®�fbao7 ' .. . � d r,� /4/k) ye' � w ,a,' .,:T.7.7:;.7.7,,,',..:.,,.• :::::..'..:,:....7::1':::.,-,,.•:.•:-.1:.:,,,,,:::,-q:.17.. .,.•:`,....•ty,.7:.'7"r.::::::::',.-,7•::':''''''',„::.:''... .');;.:::i-7.:-.',-:-.:•."-'.:'.':'.:::: :':T;„'••:-......-'-::-.7A14/1.1!.."_:'.:1:4y0/,':s'er91::::-:: ,no g?,/.401-7/.7. oe,ep •,/,,,y/12' dieif'Iro v e. , t d. 4/40414 9t(cirtd • r F .r1 - CITY OF RENTON NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING BY RENTON CITY COUNCIL • NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the Renton City Council has fixed the 14th day of January , 1984 , at 8:00 p'.m. in the Council Chambers of the Renton Municipal Building, 200 Mill Avenue South, Renton, Washington, as the time and place for a public hearing to consider the following: Whether or not the City of Renton should - add fluoride to its Water supply. Any and all interested persons are invited to be present to voice approval , disapproval or opinions on same. CITY OF RENTON Y� Maxine E. Motor City Clerk DATE OF PUBLICATION: November 23 and 30, 1984 and December 7, 1984 (_ LUd/C- / UG Affidavit of Publication STATE OF WASHINGTON COUNTY OF KING ss. Cindy Strupp being first duly sworn on oath,deposes and says that She is the chief clerk of THE DAILY RECORD CHRONICLE,a newspaper published six(6)times a week.That said newspaper is a legal newspaper and it is now and has been for more than six months prior to the date of publication referred to, printed and published in the English language continually as a newspaper published four(4)times a week in Kent,King County,Washington,and it is now and during all of said time was printed in an office maintained at the aforesaid place of publication of said newspaper.That the Daily Record Chronicle has been approved as a legal newspaper by order of the Superior Court of the County in which it is published,to-wit,King County, Washington.That the annexed is a Council Hearing CEDE REN,0Ni,.j ' • NOTICE OF PUBLIC NEARING" B l as it was published in regular issues(and RENTON CITY COUNCIL not in supplement form of said newspaper) once each issue for a period NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the Renton City Council has fixed the 14th day 'of January, 1984, at 8:00 p.m. in the Council Chambers of the Renton Municipal of three consecutive issues,commencing on the i Building, 200 Mill Avenue South`, Renton, Washington, as the time and place,for a• 2 3rdday of November ,19 84 ,and endin the public hearing to consider the following: g Whether or not the City of Renton should add fluoride to its water supply. ; Any and \all interested persons;are 7t},� December 84 { invited"to be present to voice approval, 'tiay of ,19 both dates Li disapproval or opinions'on same. , inclusive, and that such newspaper was regularly distributed to its sub- CITY Y RENTON scribers during all of said period. That the full amount of the fee ' �' OFne E.Motor City Clerk charged for the foregoing publication is the sum of $21-1-•2 Q which E Published in the Daily Record Chronicle, has been paid in full at the rate of per folio of one hundred words for the 6.November 23 and 30,1984 and December first insertion and per folio of one hundred words for each subsequent 7, 1984: R9545;: ; 0) insertion. Chief:..Clark Subscribed and sworn to before me this 7th day of ....D.ec.emher , 19....8.4 Notary Public in and eir'he State of Washington, re i ing at Mr/ King County. Federal Way —Passed by the Legislature,1955,known as Senate Bill 281,effective June 9th, 1955. —Western Union Telegraph Co. rules for counting words and figures, adopted by the newspapers of the State. VN#87 Revised 5/82 Renton City Council 11/5/84 Page six Correspondence continued Springtree months of June, July, August and September. The letter Condominium stated that due to high use of water for irrigation purposes, Refund Request sewer rates escalated (sewer rates determined by water consumption) . A refund in the amount of $5,000 was requested. Springtree Letter from Mike Mulcahy was read indicating that the afore- Condominium mentioned request had been considered several weeks ago and Refund Request denied by the City's Utility Billing Department. The City' s procedure requires commercial accounts to install a separate water meter for irrigation purposes. (Single family residential sewer accounts are unaffected by water volume use.) Springtree representatives declined to install separate meters in 1976, and, therefore, the request was denied as were several similar requests in the past. MOVED BY MATHEWS, SECONDED BY CLYMER, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE FINANCE DIRECTOR'S RECOMMENDATION AND DENY THE REQUEST FOR REIMBURSEMENT. CARRIED. Latecomer Letter from Dean Bitney, 2727 Mountain View Avenue N. , was Agreement - read requesting a latecomer agreement for water line installation Mountain View completed on approximately December 11 , 1978 for a total cost Avenue North . of $8,421 .46 in the vicnity of Mountain View Avenue N. (W-492) . MOVED BY MATHEWS, SECONDED BY KEOLKER, THIS MATTER BE REFERRED TO THE UTILITIES COMMITTEE. Upon inquiry, City Attorney Warren explained that six years of the allowable ten-year period for latecomer hookup has passed, and only four years remain to collect latecomer fees for new connections. CARRIED. OLD BUSINESS Utilities Committee Chairman Mathews presented a report Utilities recommending a public hearing be held on January 14, 1985, Committee to receive public input regarding the advisability of adding Fluoridation of fluoride to the City' s water supply. MOVED BY MATHEWS, Water Supply SECONDED BY KEOLKER, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE COMMITTEE REPORT. CARRIED. Appointment Councilman Stredicke clarified his reason for voting no on Policy the confirmation of the Policy Development Director on 10/22 was not to oppose the appointment but to express. opposition to City Council procedures wherein the appointee is not interviewed by Council members prior to official confirmation. He requested that the Administration prepare a report on confirmation procedures to allow Council to determine whether to eliminate need for Council confirmation of certain appointments. Community Services Community Services Committee Chairman Keolker presented a Committee report recommending referral of municipal access cable TV Municipal Access programming to the Committee of the Whole for consideration Cable TV at the December meeting. MOVED BY KEOLKER, SECONDED BY Programming _ MATHEWS, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE COMMITTEE REPORT. CARRIED. Miscellaneous Community Services Committee Chairman Keolker presented a Referrals: report recommending no action on the following referrals: K. C. Health King County Health Department contract - Administration is Department monitoring this item and will keep Council informed. Contract, Horse-drawn Taxi Service - Administration will notify Horse-Drawn Council if events are held by the service. Taxi Service, Review of Main Street Project - Central Business District Main Street Project Committee proposal anticipated in 1985-1986, and matter can be referred to the Committee at that time if deemed necessary. Cable TV Leasehold Cable TV Leasehold Excise Tax - No action required due to Excise Tax new opinion issued by the State Auditor. MOVED BY KEOLKER, SECONDED BY MATHEWS, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION TO REMOVE THESE1.11ATTERS FROM THE REFERRAL LIST. CARRIED. ORDINANCES AND RESOLUTIONS Ways .and=Means Ways and Means Committee Chairman Clymer presented a report Committee recommending the following ordinances for second C .final reading: Ordinance #3858 An ordinance was read amending Section 4-1918 of Title IV Sign Code Design (Administrative) of Code Code relating to sign code design on Shorelines requirements in shoreline area. MOVED BY CLYMER, SECONDED BY UTILITIES COMMITTEE COMMITTEE REPORT NOVEMBER 5, 1984 WATER FLUORIDATION PROGRAM (referred 7-23-84) The Utilities Committee recommends a public hearing be held on January 14, 1985, .to receive public input regarding the advisability of adding fluoride to the city's water supply. • Nancy MatUJews, Chairman c"/ Ga Katy Keo r, Member Thomas Trimm, Member Renton City Council 9/17/84 Page three 1985 Budget Format Presentation continued Continued departmental budgets; however, a summary of total figures less the inflation factor could be provided if requested. He also indicated that the 4.75% inflation figure projected for 1984 is very close to the national Consumer Price Index for the same period. Council members expressed appreciation for the improved budget format, and commended the Finance Director and Administration for their efforts. CONSENT AGENDA City Clerk submitted requests for latecomer agreements by Items adopted by Clarkrich, Inc. for sanitary sewer and water improvements one motion which for four developments located at 670 Union Avenue NE at 6th follows listing Place (Union 670 Condominiums) ; 1100 Harrington Avenue NE (Olympic Condominium) ; 600 Union Avenue NE at NE 5th Street Clarkrich, Inc. (Union 600 Condominium) ; and 550 Union Avenue NE at NE 5th Latecomer Agreements Street (Union 600 Condominium) . Refer to Utilities Committee. Bid Opening - 1984 City Clerk reported bid opening 9/12/84 for 1984 Asphalt Asphalt Resurfacing Resurfacing Program, Phase II ; three bids received; Engineer' s Program, Phase II estimate: $143,915.00. Refer to Transportation Committee. Sinnett Annexation City Clerk submitted notice of approval by King County Boundary Review Board for Sinnett Annexation, 3.7 acres located on the west side of Powell Avenue SW between SW Langston Road (extended) and SW Third Place (extended) . Refer to Ways and Means Committee. Delinquent LID Finance Department requested ordinance to amend Title I , Assessment Chapter 24 of the City Code outlining procedure for Procedure foreclosure of delinquent local improvement district assessments. Refer to Ways and Means Committee. Yoshida Claim Claim for damages in the amount of $162.87 filed by Bryan R. for Damages Yoshida, 1813 Anacortes Avenue NE, for plumbing repairs CL 26-84 required after City Water Department allegedly replaced a broken water pipe improperly, causing gravel and debris to clog residence plumbing (6/14/84) . Refer to City Attorney and insurance carrier. Aero-Dyne Request Public Works/Airport Department submitted request from Aero- for Additional Dyne Corporation to lease additional footage for new hangar Footage facility. Refer to Transportation (Aviation) Committee. Rainier Avenue Public Works/Traffic Engineering Department requested adoption Signal Federal of resolution authorizing federal funding request for Rainier Funding Request Avenue South signal enhancement project from Airport Way South to South Grady Way (See Ordinances & Resolutions) . Refer to Ways and Means Committee. Consent Agenda MOVED BY HUGHES, SECONDED BY REED, COUNCIL ADOPT THE CONSENT Approved AGENDA AS PRESENTED. CARRIED. CORRESPONDENCE Letters from F. J. McPherson, 2514 NE 5th Place; M. Vicky Summer Cleanup Seegmiller; Max E. Tecker, 320 Morris Avenue S. ; Katherine M. Program Jennings, 2100 Lake Washington Blvd. N. ; and Esther Riedel ] , 3401 NE 17th Place, expressed appreciation to Mayor and City Council for the summer residential/yard cleanup program under the supervision of Housing and Community Development Department. Residents indicated hope that the program will continue, as it greatly assists disabled, elderly or low-income citizens. Fluoridation Councilman Stredicke referenced a letter from Lee Ann Johnson, 3917 NE 6th Street, opposing fluoridation of Renton water. It was MOVED BY MATHEWS, SECONDED BY STREDICKE, THIS LETTER BE REFERRED TO UTILITIES COMMITTEE FOR REVIEW. CARRIED. Merit Badge Councilman Stredicke offered suggestions to Boy Scouts in Requirements the audience in meeting citizenship merit badge requirements; and indicated he is available to meet with them if desired. OLD BUSINESS Transportation Committee Chairman Trimm presented a report Transportation concurring in the recommendation of the Public Works Department Committee to accept the low bid of M. A. Segale, Inc. in the amount of 1984 Asphalt $139,025.60. The Committee also recommended that the Mayor Resurfacing Phase II and City Clerk be authorized to execute the contractod cuments. • Dear Editor, L -��'�`` • . I am against fluoridation of Renton's drinking water---totally! • In 1965, as part of some research I was doing, I had the opportunity to ,read several studies done on fluoridation. Because that was twenty years ago, .I remember only the general ideas, but these were very impressive. Several dental researchers had published results of fluoridation treatments • as regular preventive dentistry vs. no fluoridation treatments. Their .results . were inconclusive. Folks, that means they could not decide if applying fluoride to the teeth helped to decrease the amount of decay for any one person or group of people. These studies were conducted over months and • years .and the results were not significant. However, the toothpaste industry had, in : 965, alredy begun to convince us, the American public, that we needed fluoride to prevent decay. In another study on water fluoridation, I read of a small town in one of our western states where the natural fluoride content in their water was about four times greater than what is usually added to water supplies. Studies of the townspeople showed that fluoride accumilates primarily in the bones where it forms a bond with Calcium. These studies also showed that fluoride is cumulative--that means that the body cannot eliminate fluoride from the system, so it .builds up year after year in the bones. Studies of the older generation DI this town (those over 50 years) showed that their bones were mottled and brittle due to the fluoride accum dation in them. . This meant more bone deterioration and more fractures (breaks) due to simple falls that should normally produce bruises. Since Renton's population is moving more and more toward the 'Older generation" and since fluoride.is cumulative, •it • seems unwise to endanger our health by adding fluoride to our drinking water. • - What mro I for? I'm for .a label on all sugars and. sugar products that says: "Hazard: Extensive use of this. product may be harmful to your heaf'fk." But that is another story. . Respectf lly submitted, Lee Ann Johnson 3917 NE 6th St Renton, WA 98056. . 226-6270 Renton City Council 8/27/84 Page Two Correspondence continued COUNCIL REFER THIS MATTER TO UTILITIES COMMITTEE. continued CARRIED. (See Utilities Committee report this page.) Waiver Request Added correspondence from Larry Rude, Renton Fire for Bike-A-Thon Department, requested waiver of parade fees and restrictions for 'Renton Firefighters Bike-A-Thon Send-Off Ride on Friday, September 7th at 10:00 a.m. Approximately 40 to 70 people will participate in the event which routes bikers to Bremerton and ultimately, California; proceeds to benefit the Northwest Burn Foundation. MOVED BY CLYMER, SECONDED BY KEOLKER, COUNCIL REFER THIS MATTER TO THE MAYOR FOR DETERMINATION. CARRIED. Councilwoman Mathews noted that T-shirts commemorating the event are on sale at the Fire Department. OLD BUSINESS Community Services Committee Chairman Keolker presented Community Services a report recommending that the present Massage Parlor Committee Ordinance be repealed simultaneously with the drafting of Massage Parlor a new Massage Parlor Ordinance. The new ordinance would Ordinance establish acts of prostitution and sexual contact between patrons and masseuses as a violation of City Code. Such a violation would be declared to be a nuisance and abated either through removal of the business license or civil abatement in court. It is also recommended that the sections of the special endorsement and special occupation license ordinance requiring police background check be deleted. Continued The !Committee further recommended that the matter be referred to -the Ways and Means Committee for drafting of the appropriate ordinance. MOVED BY KEOLKER, SECONDED BY MATHEWS, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE COMMITTEE REPORT. CARRIED. Planning and Planning and Development Committee Chairman Stredicke Development presented a report recommending that a public hearing be Committee set for 9/10/84 to consider input from property owners and Valley Comprehensive the general public on the Valley Comprehensive Plan Plan Revisions revision prepared by the Planning Commission. The Planning and Development Committee has proposed several changes in the Land Use Element Map and Policies. MOVED BY STREDICKE, SECONDED BY REED, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE COMMITTEE REPORT. CARRIED. Sister City Councilman Stredicke referenced Park Board Minutes of Exchange Program - 6/12/1184 and questioned City funding of one-half of travel Renton, Scotland expenses and two weeks paid experience for Park Department employee to participate in work study exchange program with Renton, Scotland. Mayor Shinpoch advised that the City's participation in this particular program has been canceled, and to her knowledge, the City spends no funds for a I y activity with a Sister City. Councilwoman Keolker announced that the matter of Sister City affiliation will be reviewed by Community Services Committee in the near future following receipt of a report being prepared by the City's Administrative Intern. Utilities Committee Utilities Committee Chairman Mathews presented a report Bid Award for concurring in the recommendation of the Public Works Springbrook Department to accept the low bid of McBride Fence Watershed Fencing Company in the amount of $28,445.65 for Phase II fencing Phase II of the Springbrook Watershed. The Committee further recommended that the Mayor and City Clerk be authorized to execute the contract documents. Chairman Mathews reported that including Phase I, the total cost of the fencing project is $44, 500, well below budgeted amount of 51,009. MOVED BY MATHEWS, SECONDED BY KEOLKER, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE COMMITTEE REPORT. CARRIED. Fluoridation Utilities Committee Chairman Mathews presented a report regarding the matter of water fluoridation program, referred 7/23/84. The Committee has met with Public Works staff; Mr. Moe Batra, Regional Engineer of the Department of Renton City Council 8/27/84 Page three Old Business continued Utilities Committee Social and Health Services (DSHS) ; and Dr. Caswell Fluoridation Evans, Director of the King County Health Services continued Division, as well as members of the public. Continued Input was received on cost estimates and benefits of fluoridating the Renton water system. The Utilities Committee requests that the Public Works Department evaluate the supplemental information received from Dr. Evans and Mr. Batra. The Committee further requests that' the Finance Department provide estimates of cost to the city rate payers for implementation and maintenance and operation for subsequent years. Information has ' been received regarding the cost incurred for a special advisory election. The Utilities Committee requests this information be made available for the fluoridation meeting scheduled for late October. Chairman Mathews explained that j following the October meeting with all interested parties, the Committee intends to recommend that a public Ihearing be set to accept public comment. She relayed ' advice from the City Attorney that City Council memoers I withhold comment or opinion on this matter until after completion of the public hearing. ORDINANCES AND RESOLUTIONS Ways and Means Ways' and Means Committee Chairman Clymer presented a Committee report recommending the following ordinance for second and final reading: Ordinance #3836 An ordinance was read approving and confirming the LID 323 Final assessments and assessment roll of Local Improvement Assessment Roll District No. 323 in the total revised amount of $347, 931. 10 $347, 931. 10 for the construction and installation of gutters, sidewalks, storm, drains, sanitary sewers and illumination, together with 'ail necessary appurtenances thereto in the vicinity of SW 43rd Street between East Valley Highway and West Valley Highway; by doing all work necessary in connection therewith, levying and assessing the amounts therefor against the several lots, tracts, parcels of land and other property as shown in said assessment roll as confirmed by the City Council; and providing for the payment of such assessments into the Local Improvement Fund, District No. 3123 of the City of Renton, Washington as created by Ordinance No. 3548. MOVED BY CLYMER, SECONDED BY MATHEWS, COUNCIL ADOPT THE ORDINANCE AS READ. ROLL CALL: ALL AYES. CARRIED. Ways and Means Committee Chairman Clymer presented a report recommending the following ordinance for first reading: IAC Funds for An ordinance was read providing for appropriation of funds Pedestrian Corridor/ in the amount of $124,315.00 from Interagency Committee Shop Site Grant Unanticipated Revenue Account unto Capital Redevelopment Improvement Fund Expenditures ($7,990.00 for Design Consultants/IAC Grant; and $116, 325.00 for Pedestrian Corridor-Shop Site Construction) . MOVED BY CLYMER, SECONDED BY REED, COUNCIL REFER THIS ORDINANCE BACK ;TO COMMITTEE FOR TWO WEEKS. CARRIED. Ways and Means Committee Chairman Clymer presented a report, recommending the following resolution for reading and adoption: Resolution #2566 A resolution was read declaring the City's intention to LID 329 construct and install curbs, gutters, sidewalks, street S.W. 43rd Street lighting, signals, utility adjustments, storm drains and near Valley all necessary appurtenances thereto on S. 43rd Street General Hospital from Talbot Road S. to SR-167; and to create a local improvement district to assess the cost and expense of said improvement against the properties in such district specially benefited, and notifying all parties of public hearing to be held October 1. 1984 to consider creation of LID 329. MOVED BY CLYMER, SECONDED BY MATHEWS, UTILITIES COMMITTEE COMMITTEE REPORT AUGUST 27, 1984 • BID OPENING - SPRINGBROOK WATERSHED FENCING - PHASE II (Referred 8-20-84) The Utilities Committee concurs in the recommendation of the Public Works • Department to accept the low bid of McBride Fence Company in the .amount of $28,445.65 for Phase II fencing of the Springbrook Watershed. The Utilities Committee further recommends that the Mayor and City Clerk be authorized to execute the contract documents. WATER FLUORIDATION PROGRAM (Referred 7-23-84) For Information Only The Utilities Committee met with Public Wbrks staff, Mr. Moe Batra, Regional Engineer DSHS , Dr. Caswell Elvans, Director King County Health Services Division, and members of the public. 1 Input was received on cost estimates and benefits of fluoridating the Renton water system. The Utilities Committee requests that the Public Works Department evaluate the supplemental information received from Dr. Evans and Mr. liatra. The Committee further requests that the Finance Department provide estimates of cost to the city rate payers for implementation and maintenance and operation for subsequent years.. The Committee has received information regarding the cost of a special advisory election. The Utilities Committee requests this information be made available for the fluoridation meeting scheduled for late October. 1A .C.k. fr)().CiDq/A Nancy Mathews0Chairman ev,,tkie Kathy Keolke Thomas RENTON CITY COUNCIL Regular Meeting August 27, 1984 9i Municipal Building Monday, 8:00 p.m. Council Chambers MINUTES CALL TO ORDER Mayor Barbara Y. Shinpoch led the Pledge of Allegiance to the flag and called the meeting of the Renton City Council to order. ROLL CALL OF ROBERT J. HUGHES, Council President; KATHY A. COUNCIL MEMBERS KEOLKER, RICHARD M. STREDICKE, JOHN W. REED, NANCY L. MATHEWS, THOMAS W. TRIMM, EARL CLYMER. CITY STAFF BARBARA Y. SHINPOCH, Mayor; LAWRENCE J. WARREN, IN ATTENDANCE City Attorney; MICHAEL W. PARNESS, Administrative Assistant; MAXINE E. MOTOR, City Clerk; LT. MICHAEL MACULA, Police Department. PRESS Pat Jenkins, Renton Record-Chronicle MINUTE APPROVAL MOVED BY HUGHES, SECONDED BY REED, COUNCIL APPROVE THE MINUTES OF AUGUST 20, 1984 AS WRITTEN. CARRIED. PROCLAMATION A proclamation by Mayor Shinpoch declared September 17 Constitution Week thro gh 23, 1984 as Constitution Week to commemorate the one hundred ninety-seventh anniversary of the drafting of the Constitution of the United States of America, and urged citizens to express gratitude for the privilege of Amer-neon citizenship. MOVED BY HUGHES, SECONDED BY MATHEWS, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE PROCLAMATION. CARRIED. CONSENT AGENDA Items on the Consent Agenda are adopted by one motion which follows the listing: Rancourt Appeal Appeal of Land Use Hearing Examiner's Decision filed by W-070-84 Dewey Rancourt; File No. W-070-84; denial of request for waiver of off-site improvements at 3720 Lake Washington Boulevard N. and 1005 N. 38th Street. Refer to Planning and Development Committee. Bid Opening - City Clerk reported bid opening 8/17/84 for Rolling Hills Rolling Hills Sewer Sewer Trunk Road Repair Project; one bid received; Trunk Road Repair Engineer's estimate: $30,000. Refer to Utilities Committee. Reappointment of Mayor Shinpoch reappointed Mrs. Barbara Lally, 816 Camas Barbara Lally to Avenue NE, to Position No. 7 of the Board of Adjustment Board of Adjustment for a four-year term effective to September 6, 1988. Refer to Ways and Means Committee. West Hills Public Works/Utilities Department submitted CAG-073-83, Transmission West Hills Transmission Main Project with Water District Main Project No. 63 in the vicinity of 80th Avenue South; and requested CAG-073-83 approval of the project, commencement of 30-day lien period, and release of retained amount of $13,487. 97 to Grant Construction Company if all required releases are received during that period (final payment issued 7/10/84) . Council concur. Formation of Public Works Department recommended acceptance of LID 329 - S. petition for formation of Local Improvement District No. 43rd Street 329 fqr roadway and utility improvements to S. 43rd Street; in the vicinity of Valley General Hospital, and requested resolution setting public hearing for 10/1/84. Refer ,to Ways and Means Committee (See later action) . MOVED BY HUGHES, SECONDED BY STREDICKE, COUNCIL ADOPT THE CONSENT AGENDA AS PRESENTED. CARRIED. CORRESPONDENCE Added letter was read from SeaMar Home Health and Chore Fluoridation Service, Luis Diaz deLeon, Assistant Director, 8720 14th Avenue S. , Seattle, supporting fluoridation of Renton's water supply. MOVED BY REED, SECONDED BY MATHEWS, Renton City Council 8/27/84 Page Two Correspondence continued COUNCIL REFER THIS MATTER TO UTILITIES COMMITTEE. continued CARRIED. (See Utilities Committee report this page.) Waiver Request Added correspondence from Larry Rude, Renton Fire for Bike-A-Thon Department, requested waiver of parade fees and restrictions for Renton Firefighters Bike-A-Thon Send-Off Ride on Friday, September 7th at 10:00 a.m. Approximately 40 to 70 people will participate in the event which routes bikers to Bremerton and ultimately, California; proceeds to benefit the Northwest Burn Foundation. MOVED BY CLYMER, SECONDED BY KEOLKER, COUNCIL REFER THIS MATTER TO THE MAYOR FOR DETERMINATION. CARRIED. Councilwoman Mathews noted that T-shirts commemorating the event are on sale at the Fire Department. OLD BUSINESS Community Services Committee Chairman Keolker presented Community Services a report recommending that the present Massage Parlor Committee Ordinance be repealed simultaneously with the drafting of Massage Parlor a new Massage Parlor Ordinance. The new ordinance would Ordinance establish acts of prostitution and sexual contact between patrons and masseuses as a violation of City Code. Such a violation would be declared to be a nuisance and abated either through removal of the business license or civil abatement in court. It is also recommended that the sections of the special endorsement and special occupation license ordinance requiring police background check be deleted. Continued The Committee further recommended that the matter be referred to the Ways and Means Committee for drafting of tlj a appropriate ordinance. MOVED BY KEOLKER, SECONDED BY MATHEWS, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE COMMITTEE REPORT. CARRIED. Planning and Planning and Development Committee Chairman Stredicke Development presented a report recommending that a public hearing be Committee set for 9/10/84 to consider input from property owners and Valley Comprehensive the general public on the Valley Comprehensive Plan Plan Revisions revision prepared by the Planning Commission. The Planning and Development Committee has proposed several changes in the Land Use Element Map and Policies. MOVED BY STREDICKE, SECONDED BY REED, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE COMMITTEE REPORT. CARRIED. Sister City Councilman Stredicke referenced Park Board Minutes of Exchange Program - 6/12/84 and questioned City funding of one-half of travel Renton, Scotland expenses and two weeks paid experience for Park Department employee to participate in work study exchange program with Renton, Scotland. Mayor Shinpoch advised that the Cityl's participation in this particular program has been canceled, and to her knowledge, the City spends no funds for any activity with a Sister City. Councilwoman Keolker announced that the matter of Sister City affiliation will be reviewed by Community Services Committee in the near future following receipt of a report being prepared by the City's Administrative Intern. Utilities Committee Utilities Committee Chairman Mathews presented a report Bid Award for concurring in the recommendation of the Public Works Springbrook Department to accept the low bid of McBride Fence Watershed Fencing Company in the amount of $28,445.65 for Phase II fencing Phase II of the Springbrook Watershed. The Committee further recommended that the Mayor and City Clerk be authorized to execute the contract documents. Chairman Mathews reported that including Phase I, the total cost of the fencing project is $44, 500, well below budgeted amount of 51,000. MOVED BY MATHEWS, SECONDED BY KEOLKER, COUNCIL CONCUR IN THE COMMITTEE REPORT. CARRIED. Fluoridation Utilities Committee Chairman Mathews presented a report regarding the matter of water fluoridation program, referred 7/23/814. The Committee has met with Public Works staff; Mr.J Moe Batra, Regional Engineer of the Department of f � ' .. . . ...�' lio Rio' s Rage �a ' Executive Director • S , EAMAR HOME HEALTH AND CHORE. SERVICE' • • : 111 •!' 9.. August`21,' 1984: ` Renton City Council: - City Hall '200 Mill South Renton '....Washington; 98 55 • Dear Sirs, , It is our understanding that the .Renton City Council is presently : • reviewing a proposal in favor of flouridation of Renton's water j., supply. On behalf of Sea-Mar Community Health Center, I want to expressour full support for such an endeavor. Sea-Mar Community Health Center is a progressive medical and dentalfacility offering comprehensive . . ._: health care to residents in Seattle and South King County, Our medi- cal providers are well aware of the many benefits that water fluori- dation provides. To quote a dentist on our staff, "Fluoridation of ; the local water supply is the most efficient and least expensive means of preventive dentistry, especially in children." We commend the many citizens of Renton involved in this publichealth'., issue of utmost importance) and want it to go on record that Sea-Mar'; `: Community Health-Center, with its offices in South Park and downtown , Renton, supports the approval of the measureand votes "yes" for " - fluoridation. , Si cerel ; uis Diaz eLeon Assistant Director "'' ah CC: Jim Bauman - •',:.•-, • &e ; - ECEOUE AUG 2 J, LDDL/dw CITY CLERK A Division of Sea Mar Community Health Center' - 8720 14th Avenue South e Seattle, Washington 98108 • (206) 762-3730 N..;i OF I A. 16 . 0 THE CITY OF RENTON MUNICIPAL BUILDING 200 MILL AVE.SO. RENTON,WASH. 98055 0 ammo BARBARA Y. SHINPOCH. MAYOR t! MAXINE E.MOTOR, CITY CLERK • (206) 235-2500 94, SEP�,�' July 26, 1984 Patricia .A. Lavery, Chairperson Renton Citizens for. Better Dental Health 1100. North 38th Street ' Renton, WA • 98056 • Dear Ms... Lavery:. At its regular meeting of July23, 1984, the Renton City Council referred the subject of a City-wide flouridation program to the Utilities Committee for review and recommendation. You may contact the Council Secretary at 235-2586 for information regarding a meeting of that committee. She will 'return from vacation on August 2, 1984, and can be reached any weekday afternoon after that date. Sincerely, CITY OF RENTON Maxine E. Motor City Clerk cc: Mayor Council President Chairman, Utilities Committee. . RENTON CITY COUNCIL Regular Meeting JULY 23, 1984 Municipal Building Monday, 8:00 p.m. Council Members MINUTES CALL TO ORDER Mayor Barbara Y. Shinpoch led the Pledge of Allegiance to the flag and called the meeting of the Renton City Council to order. ROLL CALL OF ROBERT J. HUGHES, Council President; EARL CLYMER, THOMAS W. COUNCIL MEMBERS TRIMM, NANCY L. MATHEWS, JOHN W. REED, RICHARD M. STREDICKE, KATHY A. KEOLKER. CITY STAFF BARBARA Y. SHINPOCH, Mayor; LAWRENCE J. WARREN, City Attorney; IN ATTENDANCE MICHAEL W. PARNESS, Administrative Assistant; MAXINE E. MOTOR, City Clerk; LT. MICHAEL MAGULA, Police Department. PRESS Pat Jenkins, Renton Record-Chronicle MINUTE APPROVAL MOVED BY HUGHES, SECONDED BY REED, COUNCIL APPROVE THE MINUTES OF JULY 16, 1984 AS WRITTEN. CARRIED. AUDIENCE COMMENT Patricia Lavery, Chairperson of Renton Citizens for Better Water F1ni�rida i. Dental Health, 1100 N. 38th Street, requested review of Program a water flouridation program for the 1985 budget, noting the proposal has received strong support and numerous endorsements from residents as well as civic leaders and businessiand professional representatives of the community. She added that the program is long-overdue in Renton, and if approved, will greatly improve the health of all residents. MOVED BY MATHEWS, SECONDED BY TRIMM, THIS MATTER BE REFERRED TO THE UTILITIES COMMITTEE. CARRIED. Highlands Tavern Dave Azose, 16942 NE 142nd Street, representing Morris Piha Liquor License Company, owner of the Highlands building proposed for conversion to a tavern, requested that Council address the matter of issuance of liquor license for the establishment. MOVED BY HUGHES, SECONDED BY REED, COUNCIL SUSPEND THE REGULAR ORDER OF BUSINESS AND ADVANCE TO NEW BUSINESS. CARRIED. Advance to New MOVED BY HUGHES, SECONDED BY REED, MATTER OF LIQUOR LICENSE Business FOR PROPOSED TAVERN LOCATED AT 2810 SUNSET BOULEVARD BE REFERRED Highlands Tavern TO THE LAND USE HEARING EXAMINER FOR PUBLIC HEARING AND Liquor License RECOMMENDATION.* Mayor Shinpoch provided background on the proposal , noting application for liquor license for "Slick Willy' s" tavern, in building formerly occupied by Waterbed Warehouse , had been approved by her on 7/3/84 following report from Pol ,ce Department. Protests were then filed with the City and the Liquor Board along with a petition initiated by Mrs. Morrie Eskenazi , 951 Lynnwood Avenue NE, bearing signatures of 87 adjacent residents protesting issuance of the license. Further correspondence from the Liquor Board indicated that the local jurisdiction may consider input from a variety of sources, including citizen input at a public hearing, before making a recommendation back to the Board. The Land Use Hearing Examiner could hold a fact-finding hearing and report his conclusions to the Council . Continued Discussion addressed the fact that since this is the first protest of this nature filed with the City, guidelines have not been developed to aid the Examiner in his review; and any party dissatisfied with the Examiner' s recommendation would have the opportunity to appeal to the City Council . Continued Randy Adams, Adams Enterprises, tavern proprietor, 14404 NE 36th, Bellevue, requested future opportunity to correct information contained on petitions being circulated and provide accurate specifics regarding the proposed use. Councilman Stredicke preferred that the City Council conduct the public hearing on the matter. Councilman Clymer recalled disposition of similar matters by the Administration in the past. City Attorney Warren explained the role of the Hearing Examiner as an independent fact-finder in conducting a public hearing, noting policies are neither available to the City Council or the Examiner upon which to base a recommendation. Renton Citizens Fr Better Dental Health 1100 NORTH 38TH ST.,RENTON,WA 98056 255-0377 PATRICIA IAVERY,CHAIRPERSON ROBERT DUNNINGTON,D.D.S.,TREASURER July 20, 1984 Renton City Council 200 Mill Avenue South Renton, Washington 98055 Dear Members of the Renton City Council: As representatives of the Renton Citizens for Better Dental Health (RCBDH) Committee, we would like to express our goal of achieving fluoridation of the Renton water supply system. Fluoridation of water supplies is one of the most effective public health measures available today. We feel very strongly that this important public health measure is long overdue in Renton. We are requesting that the City of Renton include fluoridation of all city water supplies in its' 1985 programs. This measure will help improve the health of all residents of the City of Renton. Community support for this measure is very strong andhas been growing steadily since our committee was formed. We have received numerous endorsements from area residents, professionals, businesses and organizations. We look forward to providing you with the letters and petitions of support for our committees efforts., The RCBDH Committee stands ready to assist you in any way to help implement a program of fluoridation of Renton's water supply. Sincerely, Patricia A. Lavery Chairperson • Donald J. Mayer D.D.S. NORTHSIDE DENTAL CENTER QQ 0 300 Pelly Avenue North ��)� _ Renton,Washington 98055 f;E UE0 g •• 4 PR 2 71984 CITY Orr0,v CITY Coo 4 Honorable Members of the Renton City Council, It has been brought to my attention that you are considering the issue of flouridation., As a child I grew up in the Renton school system. After graduation from the University of Washington Dental School, I came back to practice dentistry in Renton. Therefore I have more than a casualfor just a professional interest in the welfare of the Renton community. The issue of flouridation presents us with a unique opportunity-- the opportunity to dramatically reduce the incidence of dental decay (a reduction of 50% to 60% indecay compared to unflouridated water.) Flouridation also strengthens our bones and reduces our susceptibility to osteoporosis, which is ;so common in elderly women. Osteoporosis causes the bones to become weak and fragile. The result, a minor fall can result in a fractured.hip pith the prognosis for complete healing being poor. Flouridation has a long history as a safe preventive dental treatment. If flouridation or flouride was left to each individual to provide for their family, the ones who need it the most, the poor families, would not benefit. Water flouridation would be a great benefit to all. I urge your consideration and commitment to water flouridation in the Renton area. r . • { Sincerely, Donald . Mayer D.D.S. • cc: City Clerk ccrc t 4�_ CITY CLFPK What Experts Say About FLUORIDATION Compiled by the WASHINGTON STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION Packet Contents Facts about fluoridation Effective: 50% to 70% less dental decay Safe: Study after study, no adverse effects Practical: Least expensive; most effective Fluoride benefits--after 36 years Fluoridation programs, benefits stressed by symposium speakers Fluoride census in Washington state and map Fifty largest U.S. Cities U.S. map Consumer Reports: A two-part report on fluoridation Fluoridation: Strategies for Success Policy statements by American Dental Association Policy statements by Washington State Dental Association Statement by U.S. Surgeon General Washington State Board of Health endorsement Environmental Protection Agency endorsement List of endorsing organizations and agencies Resource list FACTS ABOUT FLUORIDATION What is it? Fluoridation is the adjustment of the fluoride content of a water supply to reach an optimal ,level that builds healthier teeth and prevents tooth decay. - Fluoride is a natural substance found in varying degrees in almost all foods and water supplies. How does it benefit teeth? ' Fluoride unites with tooth enamel as teeth are forming, making them more resistant to decay. How effective is it? Fluoridated water can prevent up to two-thirds of the toothdecay that otherwiseiwould occur in children who drink it from birth. (Older children who begin drinking fluoridated water also receive protection against decay, but to a lesser extent than younger children.) The protection provided by fluoridation lasts a lifetime. It it safe? Numerous studies over more than three decades since the first fluoridation program beganlhave shown that fluoridated water has no harmful effect on humans. Additionally, millions of people have lived for many generations in areas where the drinking water naturally contains fluoride in concentrations as high or higher that that recommended for fluoridation. Extensive research conducted among these people has confirmed the safety of consumption of water containing fluoride at the, level recommended for dental health. Is it expensive? Fluoridation usually costs about_,20 cents per person annually, an insignificant amount when compared to the time and money that would be spent for dental restorations. Is fluoridation widely used? Today, about 120 million Americans in 8,000 ' locations drink from water supplies with fluoride present eithernaturallyor adjusted to the level optimal for dental health. Four out of five major cities are fluoridated. Many of these, including Baltimore, Pittsburgh, San Francisco, Chicago, Denver and St. Louis, have used fluoridated water for more than 25 years. State laws? Laws requiring fluoridation have been enacted by nine states: Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, Ohio and South Dakota. Twenty-six states provide fluoridated water to over half their populations. Other countries? Australia, Brazil, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Great Britain, Ireland and the U.S.S.R. are among the countries inwhich fluoridation programs operate. Who favors it? Parents and community leaders in thousands of communities, as well as organizations such as the National Congress of Parents and Teachers and the American Legion, have supported fluoridation. Virtually all national healthorganizations that speak with authority on - health issues have adopted policies favorable to fluoridation, including the American Dental Association, American Medical Association, American Heart Association, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Institute of Nutrition and Public Health Service. - Why do dentists support fluoridation? Dentists know that tooth decay is one of the nation's most widespread disease, affecting approximately 95% of the population. Because tooth decay doesn't heal or respond to treatment like other diseases, the prevention of decay is of paramount importance. Fluoridation is the most effective and economical method of preventing tooth decay. What can you do to support fluoridation? You can help as an individual and as a member of an organized group. Support your city health department, dental and medical societies and other local organizations working for fluoridation. Encourage your own organizations to take group action supporting this measure. Write to your state and federal legislators. American Dental Association Washington State Dental Association • • Figure 1 Percent of State Population Using Fluoridated Water and State Ranking Wash. 39,1 Me. #36 ii'. # li:.. 67.9 59.8 � M�i1.#1z��, 22.1 #9 ' #22 al.#44 . Iowa Pa, Conn Nev. 42.3 N•or. 63.9 Ill. 7 2.6 48.3. #19 Ind. Oh'° 4;34 N.J. 61.5 #51 2.2 Colo. #31 Mo. 87.8 64.3 #21 w.v `1 Dei. Ay a. #2 #18 #52 73.5 Kan. 56.5 17.0 ul #6 50.0 54.3 K67.2 v. #24 64.9 va a #46 a #28 #26 #10 Ariz. N.Mex. Tenn- Okla. Ark. 64.9 26.2 53.2 #15 S.C. ALASKA. . .58.4 *23 #42 62.4 #27 39.9 Miss. Ala. Ga' 49.5 CONN.. . . .77.9 *3 #20 #35 #29 DEL 66 7 *11 • 33.9 46.7 66.1 HAWAII . . . 6.3 *50 Texas #39 #32 #13 MD 76 5 *4 La. MASS 49 5 #30 NH 13 5 *49 28.7 '. • NJ 137 *48 56.2 • #41 . ... . . . .74.0.0 *5 • #25 Fla. VT 37 3 *37 I DC 100.0 RI PR 72 4 *8 29.1 #40 • ' EFFECTIVE 50% to 70% . . .less dental decay Fluoridation is nothing new. In the late 1800's American, Italian and British investigators were making the hypothetical connection between fluorides and reduced tooth decay. In the 1930's the U.S. Public Health Service conducted a series of studies which determined a direct correlation between the concentration of the natural nutrient--flouride--and the amount of tooth decay in children drinking fluoridated water. But other studies of U.S. water supplies have revealed that only about four million people were drinking water with significant amounts of fluoride.. The next step was to duplicate nature for those not fortunate enough to live in the naturally-f luoridatedlarea. Fluorides were first added to the water in the three communities of Newburgh, New York; Grand Rapids,, Michigan; and Brantford, Ontario; followed shortly by Evanston, Illinois. Extensive and continuing studies in all these communities have shown impressive improvements in dental health, especially among those who have been drinking fluoridated water from early childhood. Imagine the excitement when the first scientific test results began coming in, and as the studies continued to show remarkable improvement. For teen-agers. who had used fluoridated water from birth, the DMF rate (decayed, missing, filled teeth) dropped 70% in Newburgh; 56% in Grand Rapids; 57% in Brantford; 49% in Evanston. Those first efforts began in 1945. Today, fluoridated water is used by more than 120 million American living in 8,000 cities and water districts--52% of • the population. People who live in 41 out of the 50 largest cities in the U.S. received the benefits of fluoridation. Twenty-six states provide fluo- ridation for more than half their population. What about Washington state? Norwood Village in 1952 was the first community to receive the benefits of fluoridation in this state. By 1968 the Norwood teen-agers hardly knew what a dentist's drill looked like. They averaged 3.3 filled teeth apiece and their dental charts showed 65% less dental disease than the children in nearby non-fluoridated. Seattle. By the mid-1960's, 22 Washington cities or water districts and four military bases had adjusted their water supplies to the optimum 1 ppm. Here is what happened in three of them: Longview's-water fluoridation began in 1957. Ten years later studies showed the following reductions in the DMF rate: 83% for six-year-olds; 73% for seven-year-olds; 79% for eight-year-olds; 66% for nine-year-olds; and there even was a 51% reduction for those age 16. . . • Fircrest began in 1958. Seven years later the benefits of fluoridation..were showing up in a 65% reduction in tooth decay for seven-year-olds; a 26% decrease for those age 12. PREVENTING DENTAL DISEASE The Safe. . .simple. . .effective. . .practical. . .low cost way IN 1969, a study of children in Seattle between the ages of seven and eight showed an average of 2.4 decayed teeth per child. A 1980 survey for the same age level revealed only .235 decayed teeth per child. How could this be? SEATTLE'S WATER was fluoridated in 1970. And Seattle's experience is just one of many all across the country where the benefits of water fluoridation have been demonstrated for nearly 40 years. Dental decay reductions by as much as 50% to 70%, repeatedly shown in scientific studies from over 100 communities. THAT'S WHY fluoridation to an optimum level of one part per million is recommended and endorsed by health authorities and organizations around the world. THAT'S WHY the WashingtonState Dental Association has consistently encouraged fluoridation of public water supplies in this state since 1951. AND WHY this packet has been prepared--to aid civic leaders working to bring to their communities, for: their children, the benefits of this safe, simple, effective, practical, low, cost prevention of dental disease. Public Information Committee Washington State Dental Association Montesano began in 1961. Just five years later the DMF rate for six-year-olds had dropped 72%. Seattle was the 29th major U.S. city to improve the fluoride content in its water supply. Voters approved the measure in 1968 and actual fluoridation began early in 1970. Three years later, studies showed a 42% reduction in dental decay for elementary school children and a 24.2% decline in cavities for junion high school students. By 1980, a study of children between the ages of seven and eight charted only .235 decayed teeth per child in Seattle, compared to 2.4 per child in that age group in 1969. Average fillings in permanent teeth for this age group had decreased 49% from .54 in 1969 to .3 in 1980. Fluoridation has been called one of the most heavily studied health measures in history. Similar studies have been conducted throughout the United States and they all come in with the same range of benefits, from 50% to 70% decrease in dental disease. Other benefits attributed to fluoridation include a decrease of about 75% in the loss of first permanent molars in children from 12 .to 14 years old; a sixfold increase in the number of children who reach their teens with no cavities. Only one-third About one-third of Washington state residents now receive the benefits of fluoridated water. Most of them (70%) live in Seattle or areas served by the Seattle Water Department. For the rest of the state, here is what is ahead for the children.living in non-fluoridated communities; an average DMF rate of .51 at age six; .78 at age seven; and 1.47 for eight-year-olds. As they get older the number of teeth falling prey to tooth decay will increase at the rate of slightly more than one tooth per age level, until by age 15, the average DMF rate is 11. How does that compare with the experience in communities with optimum fluoridated water? Three times more dental disease than Fircrest after six years fluoridation; 31 times more dental disease than Seattle after ten years; 31 times more than in the pioneer fluoridation communities of Brantford and Newburgh after 15 years. Not for children alone The benefits of fluoridation carry over into the adult years. Studies in Colorado and Illinois show lifetime benefits of from 40% to 60% less dental disease. Other research credits a 30% decrease in number of adults who need dentures, and adults who live in communities where the water is naturally high in fluorides have been found to have fewer problems with osteoporosis, the bone loss that afflicts the aging and causes costly, painful and life-limiting fractures. $50 saved for every $1 spent A work about costs and how to save 3.5 billion dollars. That's what the U.S. Public Health Service estimates can be saved in dental treatment costs during the first 16 years of life for each future generation, if there were nationwide fluoridation. Already the savings nationally per generation in the United States are estimated at $2. 1 billion,. And the Public Health Service statistician's project a potential for at least $1.4 billion more. Fluoridation costs less than $1 per child per year. On .a per capita basis, children and adults, the price tag runs 20 to 30 cents per person per year for a community to adjust the fluoride content in the water. For everyone of those dollars, $50 is saved in dental care costs. That early fluoridated community of Newburgh, New York, was paired for research studies with fluoride-deficient Kingston. Cost of dental care for children in Newburgh who drank fluoridated water from infancy was less than half than for the children of Kingston who did not. Other studies show similar results; sometimes even better. A study of Head Start programs in California showed that the government was spending an average of $26.35 per youngster in this program for dental care in fluoridated San Francisco, while the cost was 62% higher, or $70.01 per child, in nearby non-fluoridated Berkeley. SAFE Study after study. . .no adverse effects The public's knowledge of fluoridation is critical to its acceptance. But most people do not know what it is, and many do not even know whether their water is fluoridated, according to a Gallup Poll commissioned by the U.S. General Accounting Office. That makes it easy for the few who oppose fluoridation to raise alarms about all sorts of supposed disorders. Careful; extensive research has shown that these claims cannot be substantiated. But they are still used to defeat fluoridation or persuade communities to abandon fluoridation - as happened in Antigo, Wisconsin. Antigo began adding fluoride to the city water supply in 1949. Anti- fluoridationists claimed that the number of deaths from heart disease increased after the introduction of fluoridation and their activities succeeded in bringing fluoridation to .a halt in 1960. What really happened in Antigo? According to the National Heart and Lung Institute, the percentage of elderly people there had doubled and when that factor was taken into account, the alleged effect of fluoride vanished. Something else happened in Antigo--increase in the decay rate ranging from 41% for fourth-graders to 183% for second-graders four years after fluoridation stopped. In 1965, Antigo voted to resume fluoridation. Fluoridation is probably the most extensively researched and tested public health measure in history. Currently, the Federal Center for Disease Control has over 12,000 fluoridation studies on file, 3,500 of which have been con- ducted since 1970. The overwhelming evidence of all studies clearly demonstrates that fluo- ridation does not adversely affect mortality or morbidity rates. Fluoridation has no adverse affect upon the prevalence and incidence of cancer, arthritis, allergies, heart disease, birth defects, or diseases of bones, skin, eyes, endocrine glands, kidneys, liver, nerves, blood, lungs or digestive system. Studies also have been done in regard to possible engineering problems. With today's equipment, the proper concentration of fluoride can be easily and safely maintained. Courts in more than half the states have heard cases brought against fluo- ridation alleging lack of safety, as well as infringements on individual and religious freedom. No court of last report has ruled unfavorably on • fluoridation, regardless of the charge. PRACTICAL Least expensive. . .most effective "At an estimated cost of less than $1 per child per year, fluoridation remains society's least expensive and most effective caries prevention measure." This assessment was listed as one of the most significant findings when the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, late in 1983, issued its special report on the largest and most carefully controlled and evaluated field test of preventive dental procedures ever mounted in this country--a $10 million, four-year study involving 30,000 children in five fluoridated and five non-fluoridated areas. The study confirmed what scientific researchers have found over and over again, ever since the first community fluoridation program began in 1945. So it is not surprising that every qualified health organization--a virtual who's who of the national and state health community--endorse fluoridation. In the public interest The dental profession's support of fluoridation is not new, nor was it arrived at hastily. Indeed, there was a substantial amount on investigation performed by qualified researchers before the American Dental Association felt it appropriate in 1950 to advocate fluoridation "in the public interest." The ADA's recommendation has been reiterated numerous times. A year later Washington State Dental Association went on record as "approving the addition of fluoride to community water supplies under proper controls, to be in the public interest and for the betterment of dental health of the community." And this statement has been reaffirmed many times. The U.S. Public Health Service first officially endorsed fluoridation of water supplies in 1950. In the most recent statement (1983) , C. Everett Koop, M.D. , surgeon general of the United States, said: "Years of research and community demonstrations have shown that fluoridation of drinking water supplies is the most effective and least costly public health measure available to prevent tooth decay." Other endorsements going back to the 1950's include the American Medical Association, the Washington State Medical Association and the Washington State Board of Health. Safety and efficiency well established The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued a statement in 1973, endorsing the principle "since the safety and efficiency of water fluoridation have been well established." The World Health Organization in 1975 reaffirmed earlier support and noted: "The only sign of physiological or pathological change in life-long users of optimally fluoridated water supplies, after two decades of the practice of fluoridation, is that they suffer less from tooth decay." Additional resource material is included in this packet. I PERSPECTIVE • • Fluoride benefits — after 36 years within and outside fluoridated com- munities may receive the benefits of fluoride from topical application by Gordon H. Schrotenboer,PhD the profession, from the use of fluoride-containing.dentifrices, from the fluoride mouthrinse programs in cschools or other community settings Ll orae 36 years ago, the Research cial and innocuous change in its pub-. '•involving children,and probably even Commission of the American Dental lic water supply,provided they under- from the use of beverages that are pre- Association issued its first statement stand that what they do is still in the pared and bottled in communities on the use of fluorides in the preven- realm of experimental procedure from with optimally fluoridated water. lion of dental decay..The statement on both the dental standpoint and the en- , . the"dental status of fluorine"was is- gineering problems involved in the in- What are the benefits demonstrated sued for the information and guidance troduction of the fluoride and the from this variety of procedures? Op- • • of the public•health officer,the re- maintenance of a uniform fluorine . timal community water fluoridation search worker and the profession at concentration in all parts of the water affords benefits in decay reduction in large. The Commission stated in the system. Adequate caries records on .the area of 50%to 70%.This has been March 1,.1945, issue of The Journal1; 12-14 year old natives,taken on teeth demonstrated repeatedly by data from "During the past five years,much evi.. developed before and after fluorine ad- approximately 100 regions in which deuce has been presented that the nat- justment of the water supply, should benefits were compared.In these days ural presence of 0.5 part per million of be an important part of any suchun- of high mobility, it is likely that there fluorine or more in a public water sup- dertaking." will be a considerable amount of mov- ply is associated with a low prevalence 'Five years later,in 1950,after the re- ing in and out of fluoridated cora- of the dental caries experience in teeth lease of data from the fluoridation munities and,there will be some bene- which developed while such a water trials that indicated a substantial bene- fit accruing-to those residing in these supply was used. Where the fluorine fit in decay reduction, the American fluoridated communities for signifi- has not exceeded 1.0 part per million; Dental Association, with the Public cant periods.Topical fluoride applica- this low dental caries experience is not Health Service,officially endorsed the tions by practitioners have been associated with an objectionable de- fluoridation of community water shown in clinical trials to reduce den= .gree of dental fluorosis. ... We are, supplies.Since that time,the Associa- tal decay by 30% to 40%. The use of therefore,in a position to state that the tion, through its Councils, Board of fluoride-containing dentifrices is cur- natural occurrence of 1.0 part per mil- Trustees, and its House of Delegates, ' 'rently very widespread,and data from lion of fluorine in a water supply is a has repeatedly reaffirmed its position clinical trials suggest that benefits are desirable condition for the develop- of approving community water.fluori- probably of the order of a reduction in ment of caries-resisting teeth.. . . dation as the safest,most economical, decay of 20%to 30%.Fluoride mouth- "It seems reasonable to assume, on and beneficial procedure to help re- rinse programs.conducted in the the basis of this wholly presumptive duce the incidence of dental decay. school setting are currently being used evidence,that the artificial adjustment Today,some 110 million people in by significant populations. The pres- of fluorine in water supplies not hav- the United States drink water from ent estimate is that approximately 8 ing less than 1.0 part per million community water supplies with fluo- million children are enrolled in such would reduce the future dental caries ride present at an adequate level natu- programs. These procedures have re- rate and have no undesirable results. ' rally or present at an optimum level by suited in decay reduction of 20% to This presumption must be tested by the addition of fluoride compounds.In 50%. Dietary fluoride supplementa- demonstration studies such as are now addition, many persons living both : tion has also been used,especially by under way in Grand Rapids, Mich., pediatricians, in nonfluoridated and Newburgh,N.Y.Until proof is at communities. The extent of such pro- hand,we cannot officially recommend Some 110 million cedures is not known, but the results that fluorine deficient public water people drink water • - noted in clinical trials conducted dur- supplies be adjusted to a 1.0 part per with fluoride present' ing a period from birth to 5 to 10 years. million of fluorine in the interest ofat an adequate level of age have suggested benefits similar dental health.... • to those obtained in community water "There seems to be no good reason naturally or by addition fluoridation. to discourage any community that of fluoride compounds. In communities that cannot fluori- wishes to make this probably benefi- date, all the alternate procedures are useful. However, they are not substi- the prevalence of dental decay fluoridated than in a nonfluoridated tutes for community water fluoride- throughout the United States?It is just community.5 It provides the benefits at tion when the latter is possible, as beginning to be reported and, when the lowest cost, with the least effort costs are higher,the benefits are lower, the data from a recently completed and in the safest manner for large and the cooperation is sufficient only survey on the dental health of the na- populations.Data also indicate that,in in grades below high school.Further, tion become available,the evidence on spite of evidence for the general reduc- the continuing benefits after discon- the extent of caries reduction should tion previously cited, the differential tinuance are not well established. become clearer. However, in 1979, between• the fluoridated and Zacherl and Long2 reported that clini- nonfluoridated community still exists. What might one expect in the gen- cal examinations during a six-year Bohannon and others,6 reporting on eral population from the use of these study of a nonfluoridated community their preventive dentistry demonstra- various modalities in the United showed that the mean reduction in tion programs at the 1981 IADR meet- States? The benefits of community caries was 17.48% or 2.91% a year. ing, noted that the caries prevalence water fluoridation have repeatedly Glass and Fleisch3 compared caries for eighth graders in five fluoridated shown a decay reduction of approxi- prevalence data in two nonfluoridated and five nonfluoridated sites was 5.73 ' mately 50%to 70%;therefore,one can communities in Massachusetts from (DMFS) and 10.37 (DMFS). say with confidence that those indi- 1958 to 1978.The observed reduction viduals who have resided for all their in caries prevalence during the period What areas related to fluorides need lives in optimally-fluoridated corn- was "in excess of 50%." DePaola and continued attention?This issue of The munities should have at least 50%less others4 also reported on caries preva- Journal contains articles that relate to • decay than if they did not reside in lence changes in Massachusetts, but the promotion of community water these areas.The benefits from the un- used a different city than did Glass and fluoridation as well as to the benefits supervised use of fluoride dentifrices Fleisch and noted the following: "A obtained from the school mouthrinse have been demonstrated in numerous comparison of the present preliminary program. The Council on Dental clinical trials—at least 70 such trials findings to those of nearly 30 years ago Health and Health Planning plans, in have been reported—and range from suggests a decline in caries prevalence future issues of The Journal,'to supply approximately 15%to 30%reductions of 40%to 50%." information about the new research on in decay. Today, approximately 85% It is possible that factors other than modes of application of fluorides and of all dentifrices sold contain fluoride fluoride may be involved in the gen- the efforts to improve surveillance of and a widespread reduction of caries eral lowering of caries prevalence community fluoridation. might be expected throughout the being reported in the United States. The safety of fluoridation has been United States from the use of these Perhaps oral hygiene is improving, well established by numerous investi- products during the past ten years. perhaps the competitive advertising of gations thathave appeared in the One might even speculate a 20% re- dentifrices is having an effect of pro- peer-reviewed scientific literature for duction under current conditions. moting oral health beyond the benefit the past several decades.The benefits• Professional topical application of of the fluoride, perhaps dental health will continue to be studied. fluoride was also a component of the education in the schools or some other original Research Commission report. unknown factor is involved.However, It suggested that the then available the results that are being observed are Dr.Schrotenboer is Secretary,Council on Den- data "would justify the experimental not based simply on the effects of fluo- tal Research, and D , Fluoridation Ac- tivities, Council on Dental Health and Health .use in the dental office of topical fluo- ride alone. Planning,American DentalAssodation.Address ride treatment of children's teeth as a requests for reprints to the author. possible aid in future dental caries ex- What will these findings, if con- 1. Research Commission of the American Den- perience...Since that original cautious firmed, do for the continued promo- tal Association Statement on dental status of flu- statement, there has been an increas- tion of community water fluoridation? oride.JADA 32:350,March 1,1945. ing use of topical fluorides by the pro- First, as previously cited, there are a 2. Zacherl.W.A.,and Long,D.M.Reduction in fession,as demonstrated by the recent number of factors such as population caries attack rate—non-fluoridated community. proliferation in brands of products mobility and the presence of fluoride IADR Abstracts.no.535,1979. 3marketed. Although specific data are in beverages which will carry over the caries Glass, R.L., and Fleisch, lSconferDecreence in prevalence.Fourth annual conference on not readily available, opinions from known benefits of fluoridated water to foods,nutrition.and dental health,Oct 1-3,1980, those.who market such products indi- a potential benefit to the nonfluori- to be published. cate that topical fluorides are used by4. DePaola,P.F..and others.Changes in caries P dated community. Furthermore, 60%to 80%of those who practice gen- community water fluoridation is the prevalence of Massachusetts children over thirty eral dentistry.Even if the lower figure oneprocedure thatprovides the bene- years.o.20,198J Dent Res(Special Issue A)60:360,abstract g no.200,1981. is assumed to be correct, this would fits of fluoride to all segments of a 5. Stamm,J.W.,and Banting.D.W.Comparison ' provide a potential for a substantial population—the rich, the poor, the of root caries prevalence in adults with life-long reduction in caries prevalence— residence in fluoridated and non-fluoridated young, and the elderly—and with a communities.IADR Abstracts,no.552,1980. especially in nonfluoridated com- topical benefit throughout life.. Root 6..Bohannon,H.,and others.Caries prevalence minities. surface caries, a condition more corn- in the National Preventive Dentistry demonstra- What then is the evidence available mon to an aging population,has been tion program.J Dent Res(Special Issue A)60:360, to indicate that there is a reduction in reported to be 50% less frequent in a abstract no.199,1981. 474 • JADA.Vol.102,April 1981 von sites were located in Ohio,Wiscon- The reason why I became inter- We knew we would have success sin,and Michigan,caries inhibition ested in fluoride is simple.Every with a daily dose of fluoride so we from first to sixth grades was 17%to summer since I've been in medical selected two cities and had two 26%.For grade six only,it was 34%. practice since 1943,we've examined studies going at the same time. The In the South at sites in Alabama, children from low-income families two cities were Oneida,NY,a con- Virginia,Missouri,and Texas,the who go to a camp.In 80%of these servative community where the range of caries inhibition from first to youngsters,we wouldn't find much population doesn't change much, sixth grade was 11%to 39%.Grade wrong with their hearts,we wouldn't and Kalamazoo,Mich;where we three alone showed 17%to 47%,and find much wrong with anything,ex- could follow two groups—one a fluo- for grade six it was 19%to 34%. cept that they had horrible teeth. ride water group and the other in As for the West and Far West,in Most of them needed dental care which we put the kids on a daily California,Montana,and Guam, that they would never get They had supplement. . grades one through six showed a eroded teeth and infections in their Our findings showed that the in- range of 17%to 34%.Third grade mouths. fent fluoride supplement group had alone was 31%to 57%,and grade six 68%without caries,and the infant ranged from 0%to 24%. fluoride water group had,51%with- . This program serves as an excel- "There is no controversy about out caries. lent illustration of transfer of infor- the safety and efficacy in caries In Oneida,the curve was similar mation from research to practice and prevention among profes- but not as marked as in Kalamazoo. has become one of the best and most - Figures showed 37%without caries cost-effective prevention measures in the fluoride supplement group, for school-aged children.More than 9.8%without caries in the fluori- eight million children are receiving dated water group;and 4.2%without the benefits of school-based rinse Then a couple of diligent dentists caries in the controlled group. . programs. in our community got the city to put fluoride in the water,and we saw • some major changes these c •hil- dren. hil- dren. Dr.Erling Johansen,dean,Tufts Un- Frederick J.Margolis,MD, general iversity dental school,and professor • practitioner,Kalamazoo,Mich: Now as we examine these young- in the department of oral health ser- sters,we find that 80%of them don't p , I would like to touch briefly on the need dental care,and the situation is vices: physician's role in caries prevention. completely reversed. There is much talk on the con- our We wondered what we could do The system of caries prevention I will troversy about fluoride.There is no for 50%ofpatientswho do not discuss was instituted at the Univer- controversy about the safety and effi- live in the city and have no access to sity of Rochester 51/2 years ago. cacy in caries prevention among pro- fluoride.Then we got the bright idea At that time,we had come to a fessionals,but there is a lot among that Americans have the foolish cus- stage in our research on caries that - some of the extremists whom we torn of taking vitamins.If we put the we wanted to switch from basic re- _ have to deal with at the community fluoride in with the vitamin,we search to patient application of our level. would have a way for people to take own research findings. Years ago at a meeting of the Amer- it. We found that procedures we insti- . ican Academy of Pediatrics,the sur- But before we could start a long- tuted for irradiated patients were geon general told us that we can't sit term study,we had to find out what very effective. So we then went to • here and tell ourselves how to pre- dosage we should give them. So we other patients—those in chemo- vent a coronary.But there are three did some water-intake studies that therapy and those who had experi- areas where prevention has proven went on for a couple of years. enced surgical removal of salivary itself.One was when they put glands or who had a congenital ab- chlorine in the water;the second was sence of salivary glands. immunization(I used to see about ten t�►xcoiss The program was expanded to in- polio cases a year,but I haven't seen elude patients with normal salivary one since 1955),and the third is ' ';t." 13, secretions who suffered from defec- , •,.";.•4.. tive tooth structure. fluoridation. -.-.7,‘....,--, Here we are in this day and age and — 0.---...,.'Y- x Then we went to patients who had we still have only half of the popula- + ;^_ • extensive dental caries without any tion in the United States drinking =; - • apparent salivary deficiency.Next fluoridated water.I believe some of - . came those with exposed root sur- us have done a poor job,and there are ' faces due to gingival recession. probably a lot of reasons why we . There were aboZut 150 patients in have. . —JO several of these groups.I have more • ! -ct '-47-7e44 ® ® .' i V -** awINIIII 1 t `1 415 moi wommunimommommianzawit their use.It was established that the carious lesions. In irradiated pa- beneficial effects were likely to ac- tients,the lack of saliva is at the root - crue from their use in patient treat- of the problem.The most important • ments. factor in maintenance of teeth is the s'e� ' '✓ar1► .�i =T: The data are contained in a mono- fact that saliva destroys the mineral graph published under the auspices which is lost from the tooth. • , — '� of the American Association for the In any caries prevention program, \' ''-i-• Advancement of Science and may be you must do three things obtained from that group. simultaneously---decrease the attack J -�•• In most of these patients,we re- rate,increase tooth resistance,and \', stored the teeth first because we were enhance the histological repair of• • •i • unsure what would happen if we left teeth. ,OliAI13IIV I Three fluoride films available • ' To help implement self-applied health professionals,and details than 1,000 patients in the program I fluoride programs in schools, the benefits derived from a am discussing. the National Caries Program of school-based program. We have done research on the basic the National Institute of Dental The other,The.2%Solution, mechanism of caries,and we studied Research has developed three describes a school-based fluo- exposed tooth surfaces,the enamel, new films that are available on a ride rnouthrinse program and - and dentin,and we studied the un- free-loan basis. focuses on students participat- exposed surfaces and carious lesions The sound,color,16mm films ing in the program under adult from these teeth. explain the importance of fluo- supervision. From all these data,we concluded ride protection for youngsters The third film,Smile Makers: that in the oral cavity there is an in- and demonstrate how easily and• Self-applied Fluoride Programs herent cariostatic mechanism.We inexpensively such programs for Schools, is about 25 minutes also noted that in carious lesions , can be incorporated into the long and explains how to initiate there are crystals that are able to sur- school system. school-based fluoride tablet and. vive in the acid environment.We Two of the films are about fluoride mouthrinse programs. found in studying carious enamel five-and-one-half minutes long. The films are available on free that had a fluoride content of 500 One,The Daily Tablet for loan from Modern Talking Pic- parts per million,the crystals would Healthier Smiles, describes the tures, 5000 Park St North,St. survive in the acid environment.In need for a fluoride tablet pro- Petersburg;Fla 33709.For pur- the dentin,if the fluoride content was gram in communities with fluo- chasing information,contact the 2,500 to 3,000 ppm,the crystals ride deficient drinking water.It National Caries Program,NIDR, would survive. is designed for parents,teachers, NIH,5333 Westbard Ave, school administrators,and , Bethesda,Md 20016. • "The most important factor in Three sound and color 16mm films are available to help introduce and initiate school-based maintenance of teeth is the fact self-applied fluoride programs.Pictured is a scene from one of the films,which can be obtained that saliva destroys the mineral. on a free-loan basis which is lost from the tooth." • —.44; .;.;--....-r-.. --- - . • •;...-,1.1,,,,:.,-., _ -,�_.,•'.:.'` • We designed a preventive program z ' 4 , .10 using fluorides to decrease the acid , : r - `�:= . attack rate and to increase tooth re- • a '' -:`:.•. - _4- sistance to a level adequate for with- - - - .- standingmost cariogenic challenges. ,, To assess the feasibility of this ap- -__ : _� proach to caries prevention,we car- �� ,.- 0.114A i I , ried out several laboratory tests fora I selection of fluoride preparationsz • -? { _ `'y4�• -• `':, and to establish the length of time for ,.y� �:rte„Y 7 ' l son 916 I ADJUSTED FLUORIDATION IN WASHINGTON STATE Estimated City or Community (County) Date Started Population Served 1984 Anacortes (Skagit) 4-63 9,510 Annapolis W.D. (Kitsap) . 6-70 7,000 Battle Ground (Clark) 2-63 2,980 Bucoda (Thurston) 6-67 535 Camas (Clark) 8-66 5,500 Castle Rock (Cowlitz) 4-75 2,125 Cathlamet (Wahkiakum) 10-57 625 Centralia (Lewis) 7-59 11,770 Chehalis (Lewis) 5-67 5,820 , Cheney (Spokane) 6-74 7,540 Coulee Dam (Okanogan) 3-56 1,018 Fircrest (Pierce) 10-58 5,320 Fords (Clallam) 3-56 2,848 Hillcrest Village Water Co. (Island) 5-63 615 Kalama (Cowlitz) 5-64 1,155 Kamilche (Mason) 9-71 50 Kelso (Cowlitz) 5-58 11,840 Kent (King) 1-64 25,690 Lake Chelan Reclamation Dist. (Chelan) 6-55 Longview (Cowlitz) 8-56 29;540 Lynden (Whatcom) 3-65 4,430 Manchester W.D. (Kitsap) 5-71 Montesano (Grays Harbor) 11-61 3,130 Mountlake Terrace (Snohomish) 2-68 15,990 Nea Bay (Clallam) 6-6,9 1,000 Oak Harbor (Island) 11-55 12,210 Penn Cove W.D. (Island) 5-61 480 Poulsbo (Kitsap) 7-59 3,720 Port Orchard (Kitsap) 1-71 4,840 Pullman (Whitman) 2-56 22,770 Queets (Jefferson) 1-74 150 Raymond (Pacific) 3-63 3,000 Redmond*(King) 1-76 27,340 Seattle (King) 2-70 490,300 South Bend 1982 1,700 Taholah (Grays Harbor) 1-71 500 Toledo (Lewis) 1-66 565 Vancouver (Clark) 7-63 42,600 Winlock (Lewis) 8-66 1,025 Woodland (Cowlitz) 12-56 2,450 Toppenish (Yakima) 6-82 6,570 TOTAL ADJUSTED: 776,251 Military Bases Ft. Lewis (Pierce) 11-56 Fairchild A.F.B. (Spokane) 6-58 Estimated Total McChord A.F.B. (Pierce) 4-61 for all Bases: Whidbey Island Naval A.F.B. (Island) 6-59 100,000 ' See Reverse Side for Community List Areas in Washington state with naturally fluoridated water supplies: Estimated City or Community (County) Population Served 1984 Clarkson (Asotin) 6,760 Coulee City (Grant) 630 Electric City (Grant) 965 Grandview (Yakima) 6,440 Mabton (Yakima) 1,275 Moses Lake (Grant) 10,350 Moxee City (Yakima) 704 Othello (Adams) 4,550 Royal City 815 Selah (Yakima) 4,610 Pateros (Okanogan) 530 Paterson (Benton) 50 Plymouth (Benton) 350 Warden (Grant) 1,470 Wishram (Klickitat) 650 TOTAL NATURAL: 40,149 TOTAL NATURAL AND ADJUSTED: 916,400 * Fifty Largest Cities in Rank Order from Census of 1980 Population Fluoridation Date Rank City (1,000) Status Instituted 1. New York NY 7071 Adjusted 1965 2. Chicago IL 3005 Adjusted 1956 3. Los Angeles CA 2966 4. Philadelphia PA 1688 Adjusted . 1954 5. Houston TX 1594 Natural (part) 6. Detroit MI 1203 Adjusted 1967 7. Dallas TX 904 Adjusted 1966 8. San Diego CA 875 Discontinued 1954 1952 9. Phoenix AZ 789 10. Baltimore MD 786 Adjusted 1952 11. San Antonio TX 785 12. Indianapolis IN 700 Adjusted 1951 13. San Francisco CA 678 Adjusted 1952 14. Memphis TN 646 Adjusted 1970 15. Washington D.C. 637 Adjusted 1952 16. San Jose CA 636 17. Milwaukee WI 636 Adjusted 1953 18. Cleveland OH 573 Adjusted 1956 19. Columbus OH 564 Adjusted 1973 20. Boston MA 562 Adjusted 1978 21. New Orleans LA 557 Adjusted 1974 22. Jacksonville FL 540 Natural 23. Seattle WA 493 Adjusted 1970 24. Denver CO 491 Adjusted 1954 25. Nashville-Davidson TN 455 Adjusted 1953 26. St. Louis MO 453 Adjusted 1955 27. Kansas City MO 448 Adjusted 1981 28. El Paso TX 425 Natural 29. Atlanta GA 425. Adjusted 1969 30. Pittsburg PA 423 Adjusted 1952 31. Oklahoma City OK 403 Adjusted 1954 32. Cincinnati OH 385 Adjusted 1979 33. Fort Worth TX 385 Adjusted 1965 34. Minneapolis MN 370 Adjusted 1957 35. Portland OR 366 36. Honolulu HI 365 37. Long Beach CA 361 Adjusted 1971 38. Tulsa OK 360 Adjusted 1953 39. Buffalo NY 357 Adjusted 1955 40. Toledo OH 354 Adjusted 1955 41. Miami Fl 346 Adjusted 1952 42. Austin TX 345 Adjusted 1960 43. Oakland CA 339 Adjusted 1976 44. Albuquerque NM 331 Adjusted 1974 45. Tucson AZ 330 46. Newark NJ 329 47. Charlotte NC 314 Adjusted 1949 48. Omaha NB 311 Adjusted 1969 49. Louisville KY 298 Adjusted 1951 50. Birmingham AL 284 Adjusted • 1981 * Department of Health and Human Services Adjusted Fluoridation in Washington State City or Community (County) Water District Population Served Seattle (King) 1,000,000 Communities Served by Seattle: Three Tree Point #4 2,100 Bellevue, Hunts Point #17 350 Boulevard Park #20 30,260 Duwamish #25 1,830 North City #42 25,040 White Center #45 2,900 Burien #49 13,150 Lakeridge #57 240 Renton #58 22,470 Lakeridge #63 2,890 Bellevue 66,000 Skyway #69 1,140 Midway #75 43,400 Skyway #77 2,590 Cedar River (Renton) #78 120 Kenmore #79 41,200 Kirkland (Rose Hill) #81 16,173 Lake Forest (No residences served Shopping Center only) #83 Seahurst #85 1,950 Skyway #88 660 Renton Hill #90 11,370 Woodinville #104 13,050 Hazelwood, Newport Hills, Factoria #107 15,830 Cedar Mountain #108 7,540 Lake Marcel #119 350 Riverton Heights, Foster #125 (consolidated #35, #38, #43) 13,830 Bothell 5,340 Duvall 990 Kirkland #81 15,587 Mercer Crest 940 Mercer Island #91, #93 21,900 Normandy Park . 1,990 Olympic View 12,320 Sallal 300 Shorewood 200 Tukwila 3,370 Wilderness Rim Richmond Beach (SWD direct service) 360 White Center (Formerly #61, now SWD direct service) 13,000 Only partially serviced by Seattle water: . Bryan Mawr #14 1,100 Edmonds 9,140 Renton 7,220 • • i *LYNN); . WHATCOM PEND . SAN JU CORIELLE OKANOGAN r- [ • �V CANACORTES * • :H BAY SKAGIT • OAK HARDO WHIDBEY NAS- • - ISLfl., FERRY • COVE SNOHOMISHSTEVENS • CLALLAM FORKS•. .I • .Fi)MONDS CHELAN ��HnNsoN ELECTRIC CITY II DAN ,A r HOUNTTJ KE TERRACE = LK. CHELAN JEFFERSON •' PoUT='T -DOTHFLL •• • x/ A" • JtIRK1JND UVALL ND DOUGLAS RECL DIS. - QUEETS �- `VVV{ PORT ORCHAR �(M RCER�7SLAND LINCOLN • FAIRCHILD AFD ANNAPOLIS' 'IOR}ANDY PARR *CHENEY GRAYS MANCHESTER' jc Tl*RENTDN HARBOR W *KENT KING MARLIN/ • SPOKANE MASON /'rd / TAHOLAH ' FIRCREST HOSES LAKE 0 ADAMS MCTCHOLEWIS RDIS IELD KITTITAS a WESTLAKE • GRANT • WHITMAN MONTESANO THURSTON PIERCE WARDEN/ OAKVILLE I / DUCODA • L /OTHELIO ROYAL CTTI RAYMOND *CENTRALIA • PULLHAN* • PACIFIC *CHEHALIS LEWIS • TAKIMA ' ,t� (NOB HILL)® , FRANKLIN WDLOCH GARFIELD **IL ET "MEM CITT . . L—] COWLITZ YAKIMA *TOPPENISH . COLUMBIA CLARxsi' CASTLE POCK WAIKIAISUM CATHLAMET • .; • CRANDVIEWN • IONOVIIEEW SKAMANIA . MADISON/ BENTON WALLA WALLA ' ASOTIN KA LAMA ll PLYMOUTH • . _,ICODLAND KL1CKITAT , PATFRSON0 81 • • S CLARK • • BATT GROUN •D •. Fluoridation in Washington State . . VAN►iUV,• . .0 •A• ' *CONTROLLED FLUORIDATION ,/NATURAL FLUORIDATION In non-fluoridated areas of the state which; for "all practical purposes, involves *Through Seattle .7 ppm or more • 35 counties of the .39 counties, the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMF) is .51 for six-year olds, .78 for 'seven-year olds and 1.47. for eight-year. • Washington Swce Denial Associai old children. As the children get older, the number of teeth involved increases at a rate of slightly more than one tooth pet age level, until by the time the • REPRINTED WITH PERMISSION Commentary • Fluoridation: Strategies for Success ROBERT ISMAN. DDS.MPH • Abstract: Of 19 referenda on community water, strategies used in recent successful campaigns in Oak- fluoridation held in the first six months of 1980, 17 land, California, and Portland, Oregon are described; were defeated. Among.the postulated reasons are a ,recommendations that can be applied to communities growing distrust of government and the health estab- considering fluoridation include careful wording of lishment. The public remains largely ignorant of the ballot measures so.they are unequivocally clearand purpose and benefits of fluoridation.The emotionalism simple; timing ballot measures with elections likely surrounding the issue has made it difficult tog erate to draw the largest voter turnout; broadening the base public support outside of the health professions of political and financial support; using a figurehead if ponents have-11s° learned to fight fluoridation witR°i possible;and making maximum use of the media.(Am . increasingly. sophisticated techniques. Some of the . .J Public Health 1981;71:717-721.) Community referenda on water fluoridation have fared in effect since 1976. Voters in Portland, Oregon, approved rather'badly in recent months. Table 1 is.a fairly complete fluoridation by a narrow margin in 1978.* The successes of listing of communities that voted on fluoridation referenda these two campaigns demonstrate that referenda can be won during the first six months of 1980.It can be seen that of the given the right set of circumstances.This paper seeks to ex- 19'referenda that were held in this period,only two had out- amine some of those circumstances, with the help of hind- comes favorable to fluoridation. ,• ._ sight,in the hope that apparently successful strategies can be One can speculate at length about the reasons for failure applied to other communities. of such a large proportion of the referenda.Some of the more frequently proposed (although unresearched) explanations • include: a growing distrust of government,a similar distrust Wording of Ballot Measure of the health care establishment, public ignorance, voter apathy, and increasing sophistication of fluoridation oppo- . The importance of the wording of theballot measure nents. Whatever the reasons, new strategies need to be de-. cannot be overemphasized. Every effort should be made to veloped if the gains over the past 30 years are to be retained, keep wording straightforward and simple. A "yes" vote and if the goal of achieving near universal fluoridation of should always signify a vote favorable to fluoridation. An communal water supplies is to be realized. example of the possible detrimental effects of ballot measure Despite the unimpressive gains made in the past few wording occurred in Portland, Oregon. There, in November months for fluoridation via referendum, there have been 1978, voters narrowly approved a ballot measure worded some notable exceptions. For example,the East Bay Munic- simply, "FLUORIDATION OF MUNICIPAL WATER ipal Utility District,supplying some 1,100,000 persons in and SYSTEM." around Oakland, California, recently voted decisively(by a In May 1980, Portland voters repealed the fluoridation 55-45 per cent margin)to retain fluoridation,which had been charter amendment that they had approved in 1978.The 1980 ballot measure read, "ELIMINATES MANDATORY Address reprint requests to Robert Isman, DDS, MPH,Dental FLUORIDATION OF CITY WATER." Two things are Health Officer,Multnomah County Department of Human Services, 426 S.W. Stark, 7th Floor, Portland, OR 97204. This paper, submitted to the Journal August 8, 1980,was revised and accepted *In May 1980,Portland voters reversed themselves by passing a for publication December 22, 1980. fluoridation repeal measure. AJPH July 1981, Vol.71,No. 7 717 • COMMENTARY . TABLE 1—Selected Communities Having Fluoridation Referandat January-Juno 1980 • Referendum Previously Community Population2 Dare Outcome• Fluoridated' Abilene,Kansas 6,661 4/80 Lost No Athens,Texas9,582 4/80 Lost No Augusta,Kansas 5,977 4/80 Lost No Bellaire,Michigan 897 3/80 Lost No • . Berlin,New Hampshire 15,256 2180 Lost Yes • Camanche,Iowa 4,367 . 5/80 Lost No • Duxbury,Massachusetts 7,636 4/80 Won No East Bay Municipal • . Utility District,California 1,100,000' 6/80 Won Yes Grand island,Nebraska 33,4003 5/80 Lost No • Humboldt,Kansas 2,249 4/80 Lost No • • Manceiona,Michigan 1,255 3/80 Lost No Pentwater,Michigan 993 3180 Lost No . • Portland,Oregon 619,523' 5/80 Lost No • Saint Albans,Vermont '8,082 3/80 Lost No • Show Low,Arizona 3,378 4/80 Lost No Verdigre,Nebraska 570 5/80 Lost No Wallingford,Vermont ,, 800 3/80 Lost • No West Point,Nebraska 3,385 5/80 Last No • Winfield,Kansan 11,0005 4/80 Lost No NOTES: `., • 1) Collins James:U.S.Center for'Disease Control,Atlanta,GA_Personal communication,7/23/80. . -.�� . 2) Populations are those of the individual community and may not reflect the population served by the water supply.All population figures not otherwise noted are from 1970 Census. Source:1979 Commercial Atlas and Marketing Guide.Rand McNally and Company.Chicago,IL,1979. 3) Estimate as of 1/1/79. 4) Includes population of all communities served by water supply. • 5) Estimate as of 1/1/75. • 6) Source:U.S.Department of Health,Education,and Welfare,Public Health Service,Center for Disease Con- trol:Fluoridation Census 1975,April 1977. notable about the 1980 wording. First,a person who favored the election, a public opinion survey of 300 households** fluoridation had to vote "no" (i.e., against the repeal of was conducted in Portland to determine,among other things, fluoridation). Second,the use of the term"mandatory" may how people voted on the fluoridation issue and whether they . . have generated some antifluoridation votes, because it is a understood the effect of their vote. The results showed that value-laden and inflammatory term: it gives the impression of those who voted against fluoridation (i.e., for the ballot that freedom of choice is being lost. measure),21.8 per cent thought that they were votingfor it, Laws and administrative rules governing the wording of while of those who voted for fluoridation (i.e., against the initiative and referendum measures vary from state to state. ballot measure), 25.4 per cent thought they were voting The wording of the ballot caption(the several-word descrip- against it. Given the small difference and limited sample tion of what the proposal would do),in the case of measures size, this difference is not statistically significant. Never- referred to the Portland voters by initiative or referendum,istheless, the fact that one-fifth to one-fourth of the voters • -determined by the City Attorney; the City Council may voted incorrectly.regardless of the direction,makes a strong ,amend the wording.The Council'must also consider wording statement in favor of clearly written ballot measures. appeals from the public at a public hearing. The County A recent attempt to discontinue fluoridation in Oakland. Health Department did, in fact, appeal the wording of the California provides a good example of how even a poten- ballot measure to the Council. requesting that the term tially negatively worded ballot measure can be stated affirm- "mandatory" be deleted. Although there was some support atively. Following a narrowly-passed vote to fluoridate in for this position, the Council rejected the appeal. 1974,the East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD)be- In retrospect, it might have been advisable to have car- gan fluoridating in 1976. In 1978. opponents petitioned EB- ried the appeal of the ballot measure wording to the courts. MUD to place the issue on the ballot again, claiming that Given the very narrow margin (2.343 votes out of 139.373 there was a significant public interest in discontinuing fluori- total votes cast) by which fluoridation had passed in 1978. dation. Because proponents had convinced the EBMUD and the potential of the proposed wording for losing votes, Board in 1974 to word the measure clearly ("SHALL the costs of such an appeal might have been well worth it. EBMUD ADD FLUORIDE COMPOUNDS TO THE Regarding the reverse wording (i.e.. a "no" vote being WATER SUPPLY?"),the board has no hesitation in making in favor of fluoridation)there is evidence that the public was confused,although this confusion may have hurt fluoridation "Oregon Attitudes. Inc: The Fluoridation Issue in Portland, opponents more than proponents. During the first week after Oregon.July 1980. (In preparation). 718 MPH July 1981,Vol.71. No.7 COMMENTARY only a slight modification,while retaining the positive word- HSP contained a series of alternative strategies for fluoridat- ing, which was: "PROPOSITION: SHALL EAST BAY ing: the first priority strategy was to try to get the City Coun- MUNICIPAL UTILITY DISTRICT CONTINUE TO ADD cil to enact fluoridation:if that failed, the second alternative FLUORIDE COMPOUNDS TO THE WATER SUPPLY was to get the Council to place the fluoridation question on OF SAID DISTRICT. SUBJECT TO THE REGULATIONS the ballot; if that failed,the last alternative was to get fluori- OF THE CALIFORNIA STATE DEPARTMENT OF dation on the ballot by initiative. The fact that the HSA rep- HEALTH?" (Emphasis added.)The measure subsequently resented a broad range of community interests and the HSP passed by a substantial margin.*** had to go through an extensive series of public hearings be- fore finally being adopted was important in helping place the City Council in a more favorable political position and con- .of Ballot Measure vincing them to place fluoridation on the ballot in Portland in 1978 (i.e., the second strategy). It is commonly thought that fluoridation referenda should be timed to coincide with either a primary or general Labor election.However,fluoridation has both won and lost at spe- cial,primary,and general elections.2 It is my belief that fluo- One of the major advantages that so-called "organized ridation referenda should coincide with elections that prom- labor" can bring to a fluoridation campaign is the fact that it ise the largest voter turnout;the least favorable election for a is organized so as to wield.a great deal ofpolitical clout. Although there are a number of possible strategies for getting fluoridation measure would seem to be special elections. which generally have very low turnout compared to either the support of labor for a fluoridation campaign, one that primary or general elections, and also tend to draw special seems to attract considerable interest currently involves an interest voters who are more likely to vote against fluorida-- argument about the costs of dental fringe benefit packages. tion than for it. Simply stated the argument goes: Usually,General elections_especiallyin preside[ileial • Many labor unions have dental insurance coverage as years—taro have the largest turnouts. However, this is a fringe benefit;others have at least considered it and would not automatically the case. If there are a number of cots= probably like to see it offered as soon as possible. troversial ballot measures of interest to many people (e.g., •Fluoridation reduces the costs of children's dental tax relief), or if there is a particularly hotly-contested race care.3-5 To the extent that children comprise a substantial for local office, the turnout at a primary or non-presidential number of beneficiaries of union-sponsored dental insurance plans,the potential exists for either reductions in the costs of year general election may be larger than a presidential year general election. Fluoridation proponents anticipating a ref- insurance premiums and/or reduction in the rate of increase erendum should review past voting records as well as try to of such premiums. make educated guesses about turnouts in upcoming elections •Any cost savings accruing from reduced premiums or in order to increase the likelihood of an election with as large their rate of increase means that more money is available for a voter turnout as possible. Fluoridation elections—espe- wage settlements or for other fringe benefits. clay in non-fluoridated communities—are often extremely Although the support of a central labor council can be considered optimal, because of its organizational structure close,so that any methods of increasing the odds for propo- and ability to influence member local unions, fluoridation nents may make the crucial difference in outcome. proponents should not give upon labor if such support is not forthcoming. It is still possible to seek and get the support of Broadening the Base of Support individual locals,and in some cases there may be a great deal • • of support from certain key locals, e.g., teachers' unions. • Once a health issue such as fluoridation becomes politi- cized,broadening its base of support can help assure its suc- Business cess. A few examples may help to illustrate how some types One of the least utilized and most influential groups to of organizations can be attracted to a campaign, and the tap fora fluoridation campaign is the business community.It types of assistance they can provide. - is important to try to convince business leaders that fluorida- Hea)th Systems Agencies tion makes sense from a business perspective as well as from a community health perspective. The same arguments used Many Health Systems Agencies (HSAs) have targeted to promote fluoridation to labor can be used equally well preventiveservices in their Health Systems Plan (HSP) as with business. Since employers foot the bill for fringe bene- being of particular importance; some have developed exten- fits, the more they save in dental insurance premiums, the sive chapters on oral health,and have incorporated goals for more is available for other fringe benefits or profit. Also. fluoridation into their HSPs. The broad-based constituency time lost from work for the treatment of dental problems of HSA boards mandated by law can work to the advantage may be reduced in fluoridated communities, although re- of a local fluoridation campaign. For example, Portland's search is needed to confirm this hypothesis. Dental insurers stand perhaps the most to gain from supporting fluoridation *`*The complete official vote count was: Yes 176.238(54.8 per since they have the potential to reduce or at least lessen the cent): No 145.286(45.2 per cent). rate of increase of premiums. At leastone large national den- AJPH July 1981, Vol. 71. No. 7 719 I' COMMENTARY tal insurance organization does offer lower premiums in erature and sample ballots distributed by the party. Such a fluoridated communities. precinct-based party network can allow for the distribution Examples of ways in which health insurance organiza- of thousands more pieces of fluoridation literature than tions can assist a fluoridation campaign are: • would otherwise be possible. • Insurance organizations can send letters to their bro- kers,covered groups,and subscribers urging their support of fluoridation. • Insurers can write newsletters with articles about. Media Coverage fluoridation that can be sent to their members and employ- ees. In Portland, for example, a Kaiser newsletter reached Newspapers some.200,000 members in the Portland metropolitan area. Besides the obvious value of pro fluoridation editorials Again in'Portland, Blue Cross donated the use of its and,newspaper endorsements of a ballot measure,it maybe advertising agency,which assisted the political committee in p t developing a tabloid and television political advertisements useful to develop a strategy for gradually increasing media coverage of fluoridation beginning several months before an that reached a sizable portion of the population. election. In larger cities, the daily papers usually have a science • and/or health reporter with whom a relationship can be culti- Use of a Figurehead ' vated well in advance of any election.The farther away from an election a fluoridation article appears,the more likely it is In Portland's successful 1978 cam to be treated as a topic of general interest, health,or public paign, the assistance service and there will be less likelihood of pressure to print of a very well known local personality Jfick Ramsay,coach ask Portland Trailblazers basketball team helpful for opposing viewpoints. The closer an article is to an election, the more likely it is to be perceived as political advertising, several reasons. His name,face,and voice were Widely rec- .. which some papers will simply refuse to print. ognized in Portland and he was popular, sincthe team had Ideally, a campaign p should try to increase fluoridation ly apolitical. news coverage so that it peaks at or just before the time of We were able to rely on Ramsay for several types or.- the election. If press conferences or other events likely to draw press coverage can be.arranged so that there is this assistance on the campaign. We called a press conference when heagreed to serve as honorarycrescendo effect,so much the better. Sometimes events can chairman.He recorded be staged as to contribute to this effect, e.g.,arranging for a two radio spots which were used extensively and his picture ,on the outside of a politica)tabloid invited readers to open it government agency to issue a timely news release,or calling learn the answer to:"Why is Jack Ramsay Smiling?" a press conference of different disciplinary experts on fluori- andFigureheads.can be a mixed blessing,and careful con- dation to refute arguments against it. exec- sideration must be given to Two tactics have been suggested by an advertising possible consequences before utive.One is to try to time events so that they are most likely one is solicited. It is my belief that the use of political per- to receiveress cove sonalities should be discouraged,and that fluoridation cam- p rage. This means. ascertaining the • paigns are likely to fare better if non-partisan. Campaign or- "slow days"for news and capitalizing on them.The other is ganizers should think about who does not like a particular to try to upstage the opposition. Know in advance when the figurehead and the possible backlash. Portland in 1978 was opposition has scheduled a press conference or other event lucky to find a more or less"ideal"figurehead:No such indi- designed to get press coverage and then arrange for your vidual emerged in 1980, and the campaign and advertising own event the day before. The press may cover your event materials were thus much more issue-oriented. and then decide fluoridation has had enough coverage for that week. Radio and Television Assistance from Political Parties Radio and television are by far the most cost-effective media for reaching large numbers of people, with television The caveat expressed above about keeping fluoridation being the best. Given the size of the typical fluoridation cam- campaigns nonpartisan notwithstanding, there areways in paign treasury, they are also often prohibitively expensive. which party organizations can help campaigns. One is a It thus makes sense to try to obtain as much free air time as simple endorsement or statement of support. To avoid any possible. There are several ways in which this can be done. partisan backlash, such support should probably only be One involves arranging for relevant news stories or press publicized if it comes from both the major parties. conferences. Another is to try to promote fluoridation (but Another way parties can be helpful is by allowing use of probably not a vote on a specific ballot measure) via public their often very well developed neighborhood organizational service announcements (PSAs). Since state and local health structure. Sometimes a straw vote "win" at a local central departments and dental societies are frequently involved in committee meeting will allow proponents of the winning fluoridation education, it is reasonable for them to ask sta- measure to distribute their campaign literature with other lit- tions to run PSAs, and stations are often happy to do so. • 720 MPH July 1981, Vol. 71. No. 7 r • COMMENTARY However, their happiness may be inversely proportional to Summary the proximity of an election.Once fluoridation is on the bal- lot, it may be perceived by the media as out of the public This paper has examined some of the strategies used in health and in the political arena. recent successful fluoridation referenda in Oakland, Califor- One means of free access to the media is to place speak- nia and Portland. Oregon. ers on talk shows and other local interest programs. It is It is recognized that not all strategies discussed are ap- helpful to have a trained group of speakers available for suchplicable to all communities.and that some may even be con- placements.The American Dental Association,as part of its traindicated depending upon local conditions. It is also rec-. nationwide Public Education Program,has contracted with a ognized that political analysis is, by its very nature, impre- public relations firm to conduct speaker training sessions in- cise. Different analysts may take the same data or set of volving role playing and videotaping speakers. While this circumstances and reach different conclusions. These cave- training-is not aimed specifically at fluoridation,but rather at ats notwithstanding, I believe that examining the strategies creating well-rounded spokespersons for dentistry,it can be used in successful referendum campaigns will help improve focused somewhat on fluoridation. the chances of a successful outcome in communities faced At this point a word is in order about debating. Several with a referendum. authors have recommended that debates be avoided6-8 and I It is possible that some readers may find some of the concur with this recommendation.There is little to gain and% tactics proposed in this paper objectionable because they are much to lose from debating an emotional issue like fluorida- manipulative. I concede the point, but argue that the ques- tion.A debate simply serves to give more credibility/to fluo- ,,tion is one of degree,since any health education message can ridation opponents. Unfortunately,particularly when such a be said to be manipulative to some extent.The public health . politically controversial measure ison the ballot, radio and consequences of the absence of fluoridation are of such mag- television stations welcome debates because they are popu- nitude that, when political action is the only alternative lar media events.It is difficult to refuse these invitati s,but available to a community, political strategies may become it is emphasized that they should be refused if at all pons e. legitimate means of securing a social good. Sometimerrestion to a program director of an alternate -- - ---- - . - tive format,e.g.,both sides presenting their views separate REFERENCES ly without debating, will be accepted. 1. Rosenstein DI,Isman R,Pickles T,et a!:Fighting the latest chal- If a campaign is reasonably well-financed, purchased lenge to fluoridation in Oregon.Pub Health Reports 1978:93:69- media time represents an effective way of reaching the larg- 72• est population. Many advertising professionals will suggest 2. McNea DR: Fluoridation for Your Community and Your State. American Dental Assn., 1969. sticking with one medium, i.e., radio or television, rather 3. Ast DB, Cons NC, Pollard ST,et a!: Time and cost factors to than mixing the two. provide regular,periodic dental care for children in a fluoridated There is one important caveat relating to political adver- and nonfluoridated area: final report. J Amer Dent Assn 1970: rising on radio and television. A decision by the Federal 80:770-776. Communications Commission—called the Cullman doe- 4. Lewis DW.Hune AM, Kawall K.et al: Initial dental care time. cost and treatment requirements under changing exposure to trine'—directs stations that have sold political advertising to fluoride during tooth development. J Canad Dent Assn 1972: one side of a"controversial" ballot measure to also furnish 4:140-144. time to the other side,even if they cannot pay for it. This is 5. Cross CO: The economics of fluoridation. I So Cal Dent Assn not an"equal time"requirement,but it does require stations 1968;36:4.49-500. 6. Gamson WA: How to lose a fluoridation referendum.TransAc- to offer some time to opposing views, in the public interest. tion 1964:2.9-11. . Just how a station may choose to do so is left up to the sta- 7. Mueller JE:The politics of fluoridation in seven California cities. tion. In Portland, one station actually produced a 30-second Western Political Quarterly 1966: 19:54-67. spot for opponents and ran it a number of times.Opponents 8. Nathan H. Scott S: Fluoridation in California: an unresolved were then able to take the spot to other stations carrying pro- public policy issue. Bull Inst Govt Studies 1966, 9. Cullman Broadcasting Co, Inc,40 FCC 576-577(1963). fluoridation advertising and demand their spot be run,with a good deal of free television time being donated to opponents ACKNOWLEDGMENT as a result.The lesson is clear:proponents should think care- The author would like to thank Dr.Joel Boriskin.Chief,Bureau fully about the potential of a counter-campaign if they of Dental Health, Alameda County Health Care Services Agency. choose to rely heavily on media political advertising. for his helpful contributions to this paper. AJPH July 1981, Vol. 71, No. 7 721 American Dental Association Council on Dental Health 211 East Chicago Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60611 American Dental Association Supports Fluoridation The American Dental Association unreservedly endorses the fluoridation of community water supplies as safe, effective and necessary in preventing tooth decay. This support has been the Association ' s policy since 1950 . Successful experience with fluoridation since that time has prompted the Association to reaffirm its support for fluoridation and to call for action to bring fluoridation to all community water supplies . In 1979 , the ADA House of Delegates adopted the following resolutions: Resolved, that the American Dental Association supports the position that all communal water supplies that are below the optimum fluoride level be adjusted to optimum level, and be it further Resolved, that the American Dental Association actively encourage the appropriate federal agencies to offer initial assistance grants-in-aid to communities wishing to adjust the fluoride content of the community ' s water supply to the optimal level. The 'following are excerpt from other ADA policy statements on fluoridation: . . .in the interest of public health, the American Dental Association recommends the fluoridation of municipal water supplies . . . (1950) The fluoridation of public water supplies is a safe , economical and effective measure to prevent dental caries. (1962) The Association looks to the time when all community officials will take the steps necessary to make fluoridation a required procedure in all communities with public water supplies. (1965) Universal' fluoridation is the necessary foundation to improving the dental health of the nation. The American Dental Association urges state legislators, municipal governments and all public officials and agencies involved in health planning or care programs to give the highest priority to implementing fluoridation without further delay. (1970) -2- State dental societies should press state legislatures to enact statewide fluoridation laws requiring the fluoridation of all community water supplies . (1971) The Association 's policy on fluoridation is based on its continuing evaluation of the research regarding fluoridation. Such research has consistently demonstrated fluoridation 's safety, economy and efficacy in preventing one-half to two-thirds of the tooth decay that otherwise would have occurred. POLICY STATEMENTS BY WASHINGTON STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION The Washington State Dental Association in 1951 approved a resolution placing the Association on record as "approving the addition of fluoride to community water supplies under proper controls, to be in the public interest and for the betterment of dental health of the community." On June 17, 1953, the stand was reiterated with approval of the following resolution at the House of Delegates: "Whereas, the fluoridation of community water supplies has been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of dental decay among children by approximately two-thirds, and - "Whereas, the complete safety of fluoridation has been repeatedly demonstrated in extensive scientific research, and "Whereas, fluoridation has been recommended and endorsed by all major national health organizations of the United States including the American Dental Association, the American Medical Association, the National Research. Council, the Association of State and Territorial Health Officers and many others, and "Whereas, certain individuals and groups whose motives are most difficult to understand have been attempting to delay and forestall the fluoridation of community water supplies through the spread of rumors and erroneous and misleading information, be it therefore "Resolved, that the Washington State Dental Association in session here today hereby reaffirms its endorsement and approval of fluoridation of community water supplies and urges that fluoridation be adopted in all communities in the State of Washington as rapidly as local conditions will permit, and be it further • "Resolved, that the Washington State Dental Association hereby go on record commending the excellent efforts of the local, state and federal departments of health for their enlightened efforts to make the benefits of fluoridation available to all children in all communities of the State of Washington." • In 1961 and again in 1984, the Washington State Dental Association House of Delegates reaffirmed its approval of fluoridation with the following resolution: . "Resolved, that the Washington State Dental Association reiterates its recommendation that all local communities be urged to adjust the fluoride content of their public water supplies to the level recommended by responsible State and local health authorities." In 1969, the Washington State Dental Association House of Delegates adopted recommendations for the State Health Plan which included urging that "all public water supplies should be fluoridated by 1985. . .to make the advantages of fluoridation available to all Washington State residents." • �I11ifll,l DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service .... Centers for Disease Control Atlanta, Georgia 30333 Refer: FL-117 October 1981 SUMMARY OF STUDIES AND EVALUATIONS SINCE 1976 REFUTING ALLEGATIONS OF AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CANCER AND WATER FLUORIDATION Since 1976, there have been numerous new published studies and evaluations of morbidity-mortality trends in the United States and other countries that confirm earlier published research on fluoridation and the public health. Rate trends in cancer and other diseases in fluoridated and nonfluoridated areas have been calculated and compared through recognized standard epide- miologic methods by the National Cancer Institute, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Centers for Disease Control, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, National Health and Welfare (Canada) , and other highly competent research organizations. Their published conclusions indicate that there are no confirmed or general mortality rates in fluoridated areas that could be associated with natural or adjusted fluoridation at the recommended concentrations.l-SStmmaries of recent studies, evaluations, and review articles are enclosed. The enclosed data were compiled and summarized as a joint endeavor by the Office of Scientific Reports of the National Institute of Dental Research (National Institutes of Health) and the Dental Disease Prevention Activity (Centers for Disease Control) . Dental Disease Prevention Activity Center foi Prevention Services Enclosures A RESOLUTION BY THE WASHINGTON STATE BOARD OF HEALTH (Passed January 8, 1954) "In view of the past policies of the Washington State Board of Health concerning fluoridation of public water supplies and in light of further overwhelming clinical and scientific evidence, the Washington State Board of Health highly recommends and encourages the addition of fluorides to all public water supplies in the State deficient in the same, for the control of dental decay where such a program complies with the standards, rules and regulations of- this board." - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Public Health Service National Institutes of Health Refer: PPB-51 February 1973 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY SUPPORTS FLUORIDATION Opponents of fluoridation frequently allege that fluoridation is pollution and may have detrimental environmental effects. In response to such alle- gations the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has issued the following statement: Since the safety and efficacy of water fluoridation have been well established, the Environmental Protection Agency endorses the principles of such practice. The Environmental Protection Agency does not consider the adjustment' of the fluoride content of drinking water forpurposes of dental • decay reduction to be a form of pollution. By definition, water pollution is the addition of a substance to water which makes such water unfit for its intended use. Since adjusting the natural fluoride content of drinking water to a level which is optimal for the reduction of dental decay does in no way make the water unfit .for drinking, water fluoridation cannot be considered to be pollution. At the concentrations used in water fluoridation, the fluoride has no detrimental effects on the environment. Fluoride is a natural constituent of fresh water, soil, sea water and most living organisms, often at higher concentrations than are used in water fluoridation. A recent study on environmental impact of fluorides, conducted by the National. Research Council under contract to the Environmental Protection Agency, has confirmed that the only hazard to our environment from fluorides is from industrial discharges. Division of Dental Health • Preventive Practices Branch 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20014. Fluoridation is endorsed by: American Academy of Dental Medicine American Academy of Pediatrics American Association for the Advancement of Science American Association of Dental Schools American Association of Industrial Dentists American Association of Public Health Dentists American College of Dentists American Commission on Community Health Services American Dental Association American Dental Hygienists' Association American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations American Heart Association American Institute of Nutrition American Legion American Medical Association American Nurses Association American Osteopathic Association American Pharmaceutical Association American Public Health Association American Public Welfare Association American School Health Association American Society of Dentistry for Children American Veterinary Medical Association American Water Works Association Association of Public Health Veterinarians Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors Association of State and Territorial Health Officers Canadian Dental Association Canadian Medical Association Canadian Public Health Association College of American Pathologists Commission on Chronic Illness Consumer Federation of America Environmental Protection Agency Federation Dentaine Internationale Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy of Sciences Great Britain Ministry of Health Health Insurance Association of America Health League of Canada Inter-Association Committee on Health International Association of Dental Research King County Medical Society Mayo Clinic National Congress of Parents and Teachers National Education Association National Institute of Municipal Law Officers National Nutrition Consortium National Research Council Office of Civil Defense Pan-American Health Organization Royal College of Physicians (London) Seattle-King County Dental Society Society of Toxicology U.S. Department of Agriculture U.S. Department of Defense U.S. Department of Public Health Service U.S. Junior Chamber of Commerce Washington State Board of Health Washington State Dental Association World Health Organization Additional Resource Materials Pamphlets, Campaign Materials: American Dental Association, 211 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611; phone (312) 440-2500. See listing attached. Prices may change on some items. Pamphlets, Posters, Exhibit Materials: National Caries Program, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, 549 Westwood Building, 5333 Westbard Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20014; phone (301) 496-7716. Reducing Tooth Decay--More Emphasis on Fluoridation Needed; Report to Congress of the United States by the Comptroller General of the United States, April 13, 1979. Single copies available without charge from U.S. General Accounting Office, Distribution Section, Room 1518, 441 G. Street NW, Washington D.C. 20548. Discusses economic benefits, urges action by government agencies to promote fluoridation; includes results of Gallup Poll to study public's knowledge and attitudes about fluoridation. Special Report, National Preventive Dentistry Demonstration Program, Number Two, 1983, can be obtained from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, P.O. Box 2316, Princeton, NJ 08540. Reports on national study which underscored value of fluoridation. Copies of the following materials may be obtained from the Washington State Dental Association, P.O. Box 9824, Seattle, WA 98109; phone (206) 622-1914. Analyzing Selected Criticisms of Water Fluoridation by Dr. Paul Lang and Dr. Christopher Clark, CDA Journal. Refutes current arguments and claims, including supposed cancer link, by opponents. Community Organization and a Regional Approach to Fluoridation of the Greater Boston area by Dr. Myron Allukian, Josephine Steinhurst and Dr. James M. Dunning, Journal, American Dental Association, April 1981. Describes successful campaign involving Boston and 32 other municipalities in the Metropolitan Water District. 1977 Dental Health Survey of New Haven School Children after Ten Years of Fluoridation by Lillian Konick, M.P.H. , Connecticut Health Bulletin, Spring 1979. Analyzes dental examinations conducted from 1967 (when fluoridation began) to 1977 which show significant decreases in tooth decay. Financial Benefits of Community Water Fluoridation, U.S. Centers for Disease Control, 1980. Report from Michigan Department of Public Health estimating benefit to cost ration at 50 to 1. Fluoridation election victory: A case study for dentistry in effective political action by Dr. Joel M. Boriskin and Dr. Jared I. Fine, Journal, American Dental Association, April 1981. Describes successful East Bay Municipal Utility District campaign (California) . Fluoridation for All: A National Priority by Roger 0. Egeberg, M.D.;. Assistant Secretary for Health, HEW, Today's Health, June 1970. Overview and discussion of claims by opponents. In Favor of Adding Fluoride to Water by Jane Brody of New York Times, published in Seattle Post-Intelligencer, April 7, 1980. Discusses benefits, criticisms and research_ studies refuting antifluoridationist's claims. Recommended Dietary Allowance, Food and Nutrition Board, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, Ninth Revised Edition, 1980, pp. 156-159. Reviews studies, recommends safe and adequate fluoride intakes for adults and children; encourages fluoridation of public water supplies. Summary of Studies and Evaluation Since 1976 Refuting Allegations of an Association between Cancer and Water Fluoridation, National Institute of Dental Research and Dental Disease Prevention Activity, Department of Health and Human Services. Summarizes 13 studies, evaluations and review articles. Water Fluoridation and Fluoridation Supplements in Caries Prevention by , Dr. Ernest Newbrum, California Dental Association Journal, January 1980. Discusses efficiency, safety, costs, status in California. 0 4•4 . ,a. • x ,Ib' 1 ... , 1., 7 ,-7 , It,' 1: 1,1- 54.. ?v,-- '12., a., ....:73.,, v: ,,,, .„. .,. .,... , , .. , , A .. 4,..& 1..,,,k. ....„,„ e 7.,._ or ..... 0 . AN, • ,., .-', - ,2 ' %11,4111.0 '.1 ' --' -,," 1‘ der tsr- •. • sr %-i' , -r• t ,6111' .'. 0 14.i, ,,.- ''•i• r. : • ' •1Z: '•74!. *7' / ,•'i cl. .- ' 66 i . • . i;e0Ogginralffiall,-.8,, 11",„ .4'.#4,tit • 0414.44.00.../ , • . ..)•4.-.. .'.•'',,,. 'A‘.. t.': 1 ''',:t ''V..,• . • , .A‘,,, '•• • "'''''..,.• V '.••'. • ',.,. .., • :: .-- •",r ',`,... '••"'..7, .'S?N','... • .i,:,: i;t.::.- • „ ,„,... ..,. -.,. .-- -=-•. ,...,,, • . . . .. • . , -'' "..,,•:•. tp-,.:.,......t- -• • • . • '.!:'-:`-.*:•2. , • . . ,t-'' . • ''''.'•••••'. ,. , . .. !,°:;.'•" '' ' '? ,,..*,...,,r,,..,'",,ti. .. ''.::-,:,,': '',"Z,.'•,::.,'-':, ,, . . .i, :.:. . , ..i'j,;.:q. • - ;;./\ Xt.,.: '.', -• . .. ;;:k•:;;Tt, .• .; * 1, • „..... . . . . ',‘,...:,,..' • ,.,-'--- V 6 ... - '•'':..%. : iir '. '..' '' ' *• ,... / s • '''. .7 .''. ' Lie .',:2, '••,77 '4,..:'.. '••.'''''.'7,7>,,,,,.-..',;.+'''' . ;)... .... 't,..V.. ''''',,ter, •c,7,4,,...:,..,..., .,o 4..., '..*;ot..-„.z' ' -, • ,..... ..7.,:.,i,IP., 1 -- ..!...,...,":,i,‹. :, :,,...4.A....4.z....4-• (,..". ' ..-1.•?:,-.'. '.,:,.'.-'.,: ..,...:-. I-,,..=,-..:. 4 ., 1.:;E ..".."‘ • . . • • • . .. • • . . .. • • • . COMMUNITY r WATER a FLUOR I DAT I ON . i • • - a CAMPA I GN MATER IALS • ... • . . • GET OUT THE VOTE FOR FLUORIDATION Community Water Fluoridation ,.r.^3�. sip a� Campaign Materials T Whether you' re preparing for a v6ireV�t� y'� 1 .1� . public referendum on fluoridation tWil Vo e,trat 'itorid.ation. . or simply keeping fluoridation' s '4 , ; ^ 4,.,.,„q,,..Y'''''.,, values in front of the voters , . ' f.'-'-'---''. '''41\- YYvn.e pun r...•n, ' ;� ��- create an impact with persuasive .. t .aec c.am„bm,•la t';`- .,'._ �...-......6.6:;,14 posters , pamphlets , radio an- �.. '' ' �. 1 � '::��CY '..'FSiJ,i4�� •.,.��Y.,-..�::. �IfIIY; ArtSS_IYYl6..:. ' ;, .•:. : *;2,i1:1,,; .bY�Y-�� nouncements and newspaper ads <- ;'"'�' "°' ” from the American Dental Assoc- - Assoc- . ,--F-4;,,',..r mei i;s-'±a,, :'1q-E- ;. ‘.;a,.m,ri..n�r '''';.., i a t i o n. ,�. .a;�L4.'G>jr:.;:.�, p„S:i .' !y''•, VueTovgJq e.,�e.nwr ........._:: 5y.:`.. .i .i ;:L.c�t�..•.,_ y r i'i,'` '�-�c�' _ -ddJ6inharTan Y'tlnr• sr ='�1�`i Kick off �;�.;.,� �, f ��n�mm-_ your campaign ily' :i:' •4:t: .7%_ - s=.:s�. J. ,.. arm�rbdiYmbara.. P gn with our -,A..--;,,:9:;.,r.., ,,;� . = i 1 �- strongest message , "Vote for i;a�/ . ..tea:it ,.,..m.W ' .--,. „ ;S,' , �� '' : ==n .: Nature' s Idea. Vote for Water -'' ` Fluoridation” poster. set (S58) . ,,,f( �' ,. ' These full-color water droplet '' t ` ri? er=g ° -., posters stress fluoride ' s nat- a w: . ,,iri --K i. {:�:.:-.. w;,�: ural role as a decay fighter, • `i lure ikit its benefits and low cost. a_ ::fit..:, ` ' Printed both sides with slight . .Y4 . :; ...4.st 54 .. 1� . 'x' •••-• ' '.�,•:.:, _• message changes to apply to com- munities voting either to initiate • _ ' `¢f or retain water fluoridation. dobe .1MM**sikm Set includes display size ( 18"x Note/%2_if°x 211/2" ). and reading size (12"x 154" ) . --,-,P .,.i, An attractive and persuasive v,,,4,..,, ` ,.G campaign piece for dental offices )X;�. a .-t;, r ;:i- ;• and community meeting areas }•K ,. F a i r • 4 ` ,...-.=-.=.7,-., Reinforce .your message with .our . ;' ' y+-. free "Vote for. Water .Fluoridation" -;:,; ,5 ,fir 1�w<<:•'x,:,-. T.: =-*" ,� ,. = "`';" newspaper ads . These black and v;} ,- ' : white reproduction copies of our =='""` '• ,£ full-color poster set comes , Mame obtmit t-' two sizes (8"x 104" or 64"x 84" ) . >:yfM_ :•;u . ; _ Place them in all the local news- papers (they ' re camera ready) . Ad packet includes 10 ads in each size . 60 second radio spot announcements grab your community ' s interest. The ADA' s new Pro-Fluoridation Campaign Message radio transcription (T125) gives a professional radio announcement. Pleasant sounds of nature under- line the strong fluoridation message in each announcement. Five-second announcer tag allows addition of local referendum details . K ' �V t t it, ' *i ''3t. * tr xk r 1 '�ppt., st' f+i '1' .:P = )2 Nature' s Decay Fighter: Water�;' } y - Fluoridation (S55) features a 1, �_ $- young boy drinking from a clear, `4_ '. :.,:=-2. sparkling pond. Bold letters �rA�e� ... ' `M4 A �� _ remind all your patients "Safe. Effective. Economical . " �. ? � � t xa iWy ,.e Recommend Fluoridation„. (G2) describes fluoridation, its cost and its value to the commun- ; 5w'+ ot~:A. *?•.V; ity. A list of major organiza- x! 1 --= •y tions that at hav adapted policies',1 t..� y . - �� - `` -�i; ”": -u':te �.'i- favorable to fluoridation is in- �. : � • eluded. tAW F xX G M ;" ; ;'. j •: ' sBuild on your water fluoridation Ii j ., ,,,,; mss:- _ message with Fluoride Helps Pre- vent Tooth Decay (G9) . Details '"' * fi = the many benefits of fluoride in • ppp�� yA�°' `�, .-.. preventing caries. Topical fluor- ides, school mouthrinse programs -hu „4 and home applications are covered tr:7.-` '` gA .� , along with water fluoridation. Yom. &Y."i"- ,.' f t} .'.7t•�'F "'� •, ,t Y s v,: f q7 4t _ � . _ * 4 , r4 "r'.r1.. ,'-•ra.-,- •A:vt'}•-.,t�af The fluoridation handbook, Fluoridation Facts (36 pages) is a must resource for every fluoridation campaign organizer. A complete literature search supports the latest answers to questions on fluoride , its effects, benefits , efficacy and safety. -Order enough •for every city council member and use them for a hard-hitting handout. Fluoridation: A White Paper (DHB•-108) documentary-style 16mm film reports on the most current information on fluoride safety, effectiveness and the background of community water fluoridation. 13 minutes , color, cleared for television. To purchase , use the order form on the back. For free loan write to ADA Bureau of Health Education and Audiovisual Services directly. Loan requests may not be combined with other orders . Get out the vote for fluoridation. If you don' t tell .your community about the benefits of water fluoridation, who will? -lnr, rieurzu.m.0b L1biz,U bLLIJW: "VOTE FOR NATURE'S IDEA" POSTER SETS (W532) $2.00/SET; 10 SETS @ $9 . 80 25 SETS @ $23. 25; 100 SETS @ $88. 25; 500 SETS @ $416 . 70 ; 1000 SETS @ $784 . 35 COPIES OF PRO-FLUORIDATION CAMPAIGN MESSAGE RADIO TRANSCRIPTIONS (X879) 1 TAPE @ $2.50; 5 TAPES @ $10.00 "NATURE'S DECAY FIGHTER: WATER FLUORIDATION" POSTERS (W328) $2.00 EACH; 10 @ $5.00; 25 @ $10.75; 100 @ $38.75; 500 @ $182.95; 1000 @ $344.40 COPIES OF WHY WH RECCIMEND FLUORIDATION (W102) 25 @ $2.50; 100 @ $5.00; 500 @ $23.70; 1000 @ $44.80; 10,000 @ $421.60 COPIES OF FLUORIDE HELPS PREVENT TOOTH DECAY (W109) 100 @ $4.10 500 @ $19.45; 1000 @ $36.70; 10,000 @ $345.60 COPIES OF "FLUORIDATION FACTS (W120) 10 @ $5.80; 25 @ $13.75; 100 @ $52.00; 500 @ $245.55; 1000 @ $462.25 COPIES OF "FLUORIDATION: A WHITE PAPER" 16MM FTTM (X619) @ $100 EACH I UNDERSTAND THAT MY CHECK MUST ACCOMPANY THE ORDER. PLEASE MAKE CHECKS PAYABLE TO THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION. NAME ADDRESS CITY/STATE/ZIP ILLINOIS AND CALIFORNIA ADD 6% SALES TAX) KENTUCKY ADD 5%. FOREIGN ORDERS WRITE TO THE ORDER DEPARTMENT FOR POSTAL CHARGES. MINIMUM ORDER $5.00 PRICES EXPIRE 6/30/83. SEND ORDERS FOR THESE MATERIALS TO: ORDER DEPARTMENT W-59 AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION 211 EAST CHICAGO AVENUE CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60611 *********************************************************** I'D LOVE TO USE THE NEW FLUORIDATION ADVERTISEMENT IN OUR FLUORIDATION CAMPAIGN. I UNDERSTAND THERE IS NO CHARGE. CHECK ONE: OUR COMMUNITY IS FLUORIDATED NOW OUR COMMUNITY IS NOT .FLUORIDATED NOW NAME ADDRESS CITY/STATE/ZIP SEND TO: COUNCIL ON DENTAL HEALTH AND HEALTH PLANNING AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION 211 EAST CHICAGO AVENUE CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60611 NE W ! SLIDE SETS ABOUT FLUORIDATION The following slide sets are available for community presentations. ' Each is geared to a different audience. A script will be included in . • each set, to allow. the program to be presented either by an individual or with equipment which does not have automatic pulse capacity. "Fluoridation Update" (X943; $42.00) This 35 minute slide set with pulsed cassette provides pertinent information for health professionals. Classic and recent studies, as well as question and answers about the procedure, are discussed. "Fluoridation: A Wise Investment" (X944; $44.00) This 15 minute slide set with pulsed cassette provides community leaders and town councils with important information on water fluoridation. Benefits of the public health measure are stressed. "Fluoridation: Nature's Protection" (X945; $40.00) This 15 minute slide set with pulsed cassette provides basic information on the benefits of water fluoridation with the general public in mind. *********************************************************************** YES! PLEASE SEND ME THE FOLLOWING SLIDE SETS! I understand that my check must accompany the order. Please make checks payable to•The American Dental Association. • Please send orders to: ORDER DEPARTMENT X10 AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION 211 EAST CHICAGO AVENUE CHICAGO, IL. 60611 Quantity ' Amount "Fluoridation Update" (X943; $42.00) "Fluoridation: A Wise Investment" (X944; $44.00) "Fluoridation: Nature's'Protection" (X945; $40.00) Tax Name • Total Address . • City, State, Zip Illinois and California add 6% sales tax; KY add 5%. Foreign orders write to order department for postal charges. • Prices expire 6/30/83 • To preview audiovisuals before purchase, write the Bureau of Health Education & Audiovisual Services. Editor's note:Soon after these reports were published, John Yiamouyiannis instituted an c::: 58-million libel suit against Consumers Union,charging that he had been defamed by CU's report.Accordalled us,the existence of the libel acon was mentioned by opponentsings or publicQS st May 19t the ou Southern suit s dismissed"... by Judge RichardiOwen of U.S. District Court for the Southern District,who said:"...the suggestion is strong that the plain- tiff's object in bringing this action is to use this court to discourage the publication of opposing views:' Yiamouyiannis appealed that decision,but in March 1980,the U.S.Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit unanimously upheld Judge Owen's decision,and added:"It is clear that [CU] made a thorough investigation of the facts....The unquestioned methodology of the preparation of the article exemplifies the very highest order of responsible journalism..:' • • A TWO-PART REPORT ON FLuORIDATION "There are three kinds of lies," remarked 19th-century British statesman Benjamin Disraeli, "Lies, damned lies, and statistics." Probably every type of misrepresentation known to Disraeli, and some he may have over- looked, have been used to attack fluoridation. Misleading information about it appears regularly in a paper called the National Fluoridation News, and the entire gamut of hokum has been published in-a 176-page issue of the Cancer Control Journal, a pro-Laetrile magazine based in Los Angeles. This two-part report, reprinted from the July and August, 1978, issues of CONSUMER REPORTS, responds to the lies and false claims that have been made in the attack on fluoridation. PART I: THE CANCER SCARE On the evening of February 10, 1976, millions of Dutch to fluoridate all drinking-water supplies in Holland died in television viewers were watching their sets with more than Parliament. By September 1976, a Royal Decree ended customary attention.News of a bribery scandal in the United fluoridation in Rotterdam and other Dutch cities that had States had just reached Europe, along with rumors that been treating their water for years. Prince Bernard of Holland was implicated. Those who tuned in were unaware, however, that an unrelated inter- A GROWING SENSE OF ALARM view later in the newscast would•soon affect many of them What happened in Holland is not an isolated incident. more directly than the scandal. Despite widespread endorsement of fluoridation by medical, The interview involved Dean Burk, Ph.D., an American dental, and public health officials, the practice has come biochemist formerly with the National Cancer Institute, the under increasing attack both in the United States and Federal agency that conducts or sponsors much of the cancer abroad as a potential cause of cancer and other diseases. research in the U.S.Dr.Burk's message was a troubling one. Three years ago, after a publicity campaign linking fluoride Adding fluoride to drinking water as a dental health mea- to cancer, Los Angeles voters defeated an ordinance to sure, he asserted, was causing thousands of cancer deaths fluoridate the city's water supply. Since 1973, voters in annually in the U.S. He claimed that statistical studies done hundreds of smaller U.S. cities and towns have taken simi- by himself and another biochemist, John Yiamouyiannis, lar action, often out of fear of cancer or other disorders Ph.D., showed a link between fluoridation and cancer. Dr. attributed, to fluoridation. Burk expressed no reservations about his :conclusion. How valid are those fears? Is there a genuine scientific "Fluoridation," he told the audience, "is a form of public controversy surrounding the safety of fluoridation?Accord- mass murder." ing to Representative James J. Delaney (D., N.Y.), chair- Copies of the Burk-Yiamouyiannis report had been cir- man of the powerful House Rules Committee, the answer culated to members of the Dutch Parliament before the TV is an emphatic"yes."A long-time opponent of fluoridation, appearance.Soon after,a proposal by the Minister of Health Delaney has urged Congress to halt the practice, pending 0 1. Coo further investigation of its safety. Last fall, a subcommittee substance was identified as fluoride. of the House's Committee on Government Operations held Meanwhile, McKay had noticed something else. Al prac- hearings.on the issue.Drs.Burk and Yiamouyiannis testified, ticing dentist, he observed that patients with mottled teeth as did representatives of the American Dental Association, also had remarkable resistance to tooth decay. The concern the National Cancer Institute, and authorities on fluoride of public"health officials at the time was still how to get research. An extensive array of scientific studies and expert fluoride out of the water. But McKay's observation also commentaries on fluoridation was also presented. spurred further research by the Public Health Service to What emerged from the testimony, in CU's opinion, was learn more about fluoride's effect on teeth. an unmistakable sense that millions of Americans are being Over the next ten years, research teams led by Dr. H.T. grossly misled about an issue important to both their health Dean of the Public Health Service studied the dental status and the cost of their dental bills. Water fluoridation is the of 7257 children in 21 cities having various levels of natural only public-health measure that many Americans vote on fluoride in their water. The results were unequivocal. The directly.Yet last fall's hearings received only scant coverage more fluoride in the water,the fewer dental cavities the chil- by the press,except in publications that commonly run anti- dren experienced.When the water contained approximately fluoridation stories. Accordingly, in this two-part report we 1 ppm or more of fluoride, the children developed about 60 will tell you the facts about fluoridation—what it is, how it percent,fewer cavities than did those who drank water with developed, and what it does. This month we will also ex- negligible fluoride content. Furthermore, at .the 1-ppm amine the claims about fluoridation and cancer and consider level, the unattractive mottling did not occur. It was asso- the people behind those claims.Next month we'll take a look ciated with levels above 2 ppm. Thus,.1 ppm of fluoride at other charges frequently leveled at fluoridation, includ- became the benchmark level. ing claims about allergies, birth defects, and heart disease. Tooth decay was no minor health problem. During the war year of 1942 some 2,000,000 men were examined as ON THE TRAIL OF COLORADO STAIN potential members of the armed forces. Almost 10 percent Fluorides are compounds containing the element fluorine. of them were rejected because they didn't have 12 sound In its various forms, fluoride is found in practically all soils, teeth in proper position out of a possible 32. plants, and animals, as well as in human blood, bones, and Although the potential dental advantages of fluoridation teeth. It's also present in at least trace amounts in all natural were obvious,there was a natural reluctance to add a chemi- water supplies. The concentration in water varies widely, cal to community water supplies. In the early 1940's, there however. In the U.S., natural fluoride levels range from a was no background of scientific data about possible side high of about 8 parts per million(ppm) in areas of the South- effects. There were some practical reassurances, though. west to as little as 0.05 ppm in the Northeast. People had been ingesting fluoride in food and water since Fluoridation is simply an adjustment of the natural fluor- the dawn of the human race. Many Southwesterners had ide content to about 1 ppm—a level of intake that strengthens been drinking water containing several times the 1-ppm level tooth enamel and sharply reduces dental decay, especially of fluoride for a lifetime without any discernible side effects among those exposed to fluoridated water from early child- except mottled teeth. Eventually, a few cities decided to hood. The nominal 1-ppm level (actually 0.7 to 1.2 ppm, take the chance. THE NEWBURGH-KINGSTON EXPERIMENT Among the pioneers was the New York State Department Water fluoridation is the only public- of Health. Before attempting any widespread introduction health measure that man Americans of fluoridation, the department proposed a long-term, con- y trolled study of a limited group of children who would be vote on directly. And since 1973, hun- carefully monitored by physicians. After considering vari- ous communities, the department chose the cities of New- dreds of towns and cities have voted burgh and Kingston as ideal candidates for the study. against fluoridating the water supply. Located some 35 miles apart near the Hudson River,both cities had populations of about 30,000 and were similar in racial, economic, and other demographic characteristics. Each also used reservoirs with water deficient in fluoride. according to local conditions) isn't an arbitrary one. Its One city's water supply was to be fluoridated, the other selection.involved a scientific detective story complete with not. Meanwhile, matched groups of children from the two a twist ending. ' - cities were to be followed from infancy onward by means The initial clue was uncovered early in the century by of comprehensive pediatric checkups to detect any side two scientists investigating a cosmetic defect. F.S. McKay effects from fluoride. Special attention was to be given to and G.V. Black were trying to find out what caused a mot- growth rates, bone development, blood chemistry, the skin, tling of the tooth enamel,a discoloration variouslyknown as ' the thyroid gland, vision, and hearing. Each child would "Colorado brown stain" and "Texas teeth." By 1916 they also receive meticulous,regular dental exams. had narrowed the search to something in domestic water In March 1944, the City Council of Newburgh agreed supplies.The next step was to identify the substance and get to participate in the study and approved the fluoridation itout of the water. It took until 1931, however, before the of its water to 1 ppm. Kingston agreed to serve as the con- 2 trol city and use its fluoride-deficient water without change. told of some of the troubles his agency had encountered in A total of 817 children were enrolled in the Newburgh group the early days of the Newburgh-Kingston project. Soon and 711 in Kingston. Although most entered at the start of after the project's approval in March 1944, the local health the study,several infants were added during each of the first officer in Newburgh began receiving complaints from some three years to ensure having some children whose mothers of the town's citizens. were exposed to fluoridated water throughout pregnancy. Some protested that the fluoridated water was discoloring The study went on for 10 years, and a majority of the their saucepans. Others complained that it was giving them children in both groups participated through the final ex- digestive troubles. One woman complained to her dentist amination. The findings can be summarized briefly: The that the "fluoride water" had caused her denture to crack. examinations disclosed no differences of medical signifi- "These incidents all occurred before fluoride was added.to cance between the two groups that could even remotely be the water supply," notes Dr. Hilleboe. The complaints attributed to fluoride. Therewas one difference of dental stopped abruptly after a Newburgh newspaper criticized the significance, however. The Newburgh children experienced town's imaginary ills. nearly 60 percent fewer cavities than the Kingston children. Numerous studies have since confirmed the benefits of fluoridation. "Fewer cavities" means fewer costly fillings, fewer lost teeth, and, eventually, fewer dentures or partial "The only sign of physiological or dentures.The cost of fluoridation to a community, according pathological change in life-long users to a report last year in the New England Journal of Medi- cine, is only about 10 to 40 cents a year per capita. of optimally fluoridated water supplies THE EVIDENCE FOR SAFETY . . . is that they suffer less from tooth Since the early daysof the Newburgh-Kingston project, decay." [from a World Health Organi- literally thousands of scientific,studies have examined the effectiveness and safety of fluoride.Virtually every doubt or zation report] question that has been raised, however scanty the evidence, has been studied in depth by one or more groups of re- searchers. As a dentist representing the American Dental Despite fluoridation's success in Newburgh, protests Association noted in the House subcommittee hearings last against it elsewhere weren't collapsing so readily a decade fall, "Fluoridation may well be the most thoroughly studied later.The rise of"a vociferous minority," said Dr. Hilleboe, community health measure of recent history." had succeeded in delaying, or even reversing, the start-up In the late 1960's,the World Health Organization accom- of fluoridation in several areas.The opposition, he reported, plished the Herculean task of pulling much of the known came chiefly from food faddists, cultists, chiropractors, and information together. The objective was to provide an im- people who misunderstood what fluoridation was. But the partial review of the scientific literature on fluoridation— efforts of antifluoridationists have also been aided by the a vast international aggregation of population studies, ex- caution of various physicians, dentists, and scientists of perimental research, animal studies, and clinical investiga- good standing who initially questioned,the safety of fluori- tions, including human autopsy studies, clinical trials, and dation. Opposition has also come from other professionals X-ray research. and lay people who view fluoridation as a government in- The report, "Fluorides and Human Health," came out fringement of individual freedom. in 1970. It addressed numerous questions raised up to that Various groups have'been formed for the sole purpose of time about the possible effects of fluoride on different organs fighting fluoridation,but none has had much impact outside and its alleged association to various diseases. Again, the of its local community. Generally,the real steam behind the Conclusions can be summarized briefly: The study found no antifluoridation movement has come from well-funded, na- reliable evidence that any ill effects or symptoms resulted tional, multi-issue organizations that have been able to from drinking water fluoridated at recommended levels. disseminate large amounts of scare propaganda around the Since the report's publication, the World Health Organi- country.One such group is the John Birch Society. Another, zation has uncovered no evidence to alter its judgment. In a up until the early 1970's,was the Rodale Press, publisher of statement issued in 1975, the organization noted: "The only Prevention magazine and a frequent proponent of unproved sign of physiological or pathological change in life-long nutrition concepts. The most active and effective group to- users of optimally fluoridated water supplies . . . is that they day, however, is the National Health Federation, whose suffer less from tooth decay.". roots run deep into the soil of medical quackery.Those roots are worth a brief examination. THE LOYAL OPPOSITION No amount of study, however, has managed to quiet the WHEN ROOSTERS HAD BAD TEETH criticism of fluoride that has been present from the begin- In the early 1950's, an organization called the Electronic ning. Writing in the Journal of the American Dental Asso- Medical Foundation ran a lucrative diagnosis-by-mail ser- ciation in March 1956, the commissioner of New York vice and also sold electronic treatment devices for "curing" State's Department of Health, Dr. Herman E. Hilleboe, numerous disorders.An estimated 3000 practitioners,mainly 3 chiropractors,would send dried blood specimens from their a disease in specific populations.) The nature of the Yia- patients to the foundation. There, the blood spot would be mouyiannis study is apparent in an excerpt from Dr.Mack's checked by an electronic gadget and a "diagnosis" mailed review: back by postcard. "I cannot begin without commenting on the form of the This eventually aroused a certain skepticism at the U.S. documents you sent me," Dr. Mack stated. "Despite the Food and Drug Administration. Accordingly, the FDA ar- gravity of the question addressed, the form of these sheets ranged to send a few blood spots of its own. is that of a propaganda flyer rather than a serious scientific The first, from a man who had lost his right leg, elicited effort.Specifically,there is no indication that any of the ma- a diagnosis of arthritis in the right foot and ankle.The blood terial was ever prepared for submission to a reputable scien- of a dead man brought back a diagnosis of colitis, and that tific journal....All over the documents one finds.. .conclu- • of a rooster resulted in a report of sinus infection and bad sions emblazoned essentially in the form of slogans,without teeth. cautious interpretation or restrictions.For these reasons,the The FDA inspectors also investigated the treatment de- reader must immediately presume that objectivity has never vices. They found that the gadgets simply contained circuits been considered....At the same time this bias is so pervasive resembling those of an electric doorbell or a small radio and obvious, the mistaken logic so gross and naive, that the transmitter. None could cure anything, reports FDA his- reader assumes the author to be, however competent in his torian Wallace Janssen. Ph.D. field, totally unaware of the principles of epidemi- In 1954 a U.S.District Court ordered the president of the ology." firm,Fred J.Hart,to stop distributing the treatment devices. Most people are unfamiliar with the principles of epid- Shortly thereafter, Hart founded the National Health Fed- emiology, however, and a Ph.D. degree can sometimes lend eration. Hart continued to distribute the devices, however, credibility even to claptrap. In Los Angeles it evidently did. and was subsequently prosecuted for criminal contempt and The scare tactics of the NHF and other antifluoridationists fined $500 in 1962. Between 1957 and 1963, several other scored a stunning viotory over dental health. officials of the NHF were convicted of misbranding dietary products with false medical claims and received fines or prison sentences. In 1963, the FDA released a report on the NHF that said in part: "There is no evidence that fluoride The stated purpose of the federation is to promote "free- increases the incidence or mortality of dom of choice" in health matters. The record shows that cancer in anyorgan." [from a study what this frequently means is freedom to promote medical by nostrums and devices which violate the law.From its incep- the Royal College of Physicians] tion, the federation has been a front for promoters of un- proved remedies,eccentric theories and quackery. In an updated report on the NHF issued in 1973, the FDA reiterated virtually the same judgment. Throughout Around the beginning of 1975, Dr. Yiamouyiannis also its history, the NHF has crusaded against any Government joined forces with Dr. Burk. Like the National Health Fed- interference with unproven remedies or treatments. At the eration, Dr. Burk is a leading advocate of the worthless same time, it has also opposed proven public-health mea- cancer drug Laetrile (CONSUMER REPORTS, August 197'7), sures—smallpox vaccination, pasteurization of milk, polio and he shares the NHF's aversion to fluoridation. vaccination, and fluoridation of drinking-water supplies. The collaboration produced a study claiming that 25,000 For the most part, the NHF's opposition to public-health or more excess cancer deaths occur annually in U.S. cities measures has been a losing cause. Until recent years, even that fluoridate their water. The assertion was based on a fluoridation was slowly gaining acceptance in more corn-. comparison of death rates for specific cancers in some coun- munities. About 105 million Americans now have fluori- ties that were fluoridated compared with some that were dated water. But in 1974 the NHF decided to mount a new not.In July 1975, Representative Delaney entered the study national campaign to "break the back" of fluoridation ef- into the Congressional Record and called for"an immediate forts. It hired Dr. Yiamouyiannis to do the job. suspension of all artificial fluoridation." The National Cancer Institute reviewed the study and RAISING THE SPECTER OF CANCER was unimpressed. Unlike a proper epidemiological study, it had failed to take into account widely recognized risk fac- The first big target was Los Angeles, whose City Council had voted in September 1974 to fluoridate the water supply, tors known to affect the death rate from specific types of cancers.Using the same data,the NCI reanalyzed the study, The NHF's ammunition was a study by Dr.Yiamouyiannis taking into account such influences as ethnic composition that purported to link fluoridation to an increase in cancer of the population,geographic location,socioeconomic status, deaths. The study and a couple of publicity handouts that and other fundamental risk factors. The purported differ- ' accompanied it were eventually reviewed by various public- ences in the cancer death rates promptly disappeared. health officials, including Thomas Mack, M.D., of Los An- Undaunted, Drs. Burk and Yiamouyiannis bounced back geles, an associate professor of community medicine and an with another study.This time they compared overall cancer expert in cancer epidemiology. (Epidemiology is a branch death rates for 10 large cities that were fluoridated versus 10 of medicine that studies the incidence,causes,and control of large cities that were not.Again, the fluoridated cities came 4 out second best. Over the 20-year period studied, cancer THE NCI 'COVER-UP' death rates in the fluoridated cities purportedly increased According to testmony at the House subcommittee hear- 10 percent more than in the unfluoridated ones. In Decem- ings, the NCI refused to disclose certain information to the ber 1975, Representative Delaney entered the study into the National Health Federation. That refusal, however, was far Congressional Record and demanded that all fluoridation be less sinister than some members of the British Parliament stopped. were later led to believe. If anything,the new study was even more amateurish than The NCI initially gave Dr. Burk a copy of the publication the July entry. In the judgment of one NCI official at the "U.S. Cancer Mortality by County: 1950-1969," which he House subcommittee hearings, it represented "the worst later used in preparing the first Burk-Yiamouyiannis report. piece of work that has been done to date on fluoride." Drs. After the NCI reviewed that report, Dr. Yiamouyiannis Burk and Yiamouyiannis had somehow managed to ignore asked for a copy of the NCI's analyses.Those were also dis- the most fundamental factors involved in cancer mortality patched. Then, according to NCI testimony, Dr. Yiamouyi- rates—age, sex, and race. Old people die from cancer more annis used that information to attack the NCI's review.Con- often than young people; men have a higher cancer death sequently,when he requested their analyses of his subsequent rate than women; and blacks a higher one than whites. Un- study, NCI officials denied the request. They pointed out less those factors are taken into consideration, the results that the basic sources were routine publications of the of a cancer-mortality comparison would be meaningless. Bureau of the Census and the National Center for Health When NCI scientists reanalyzed the Burk-Yiamouyiannis Statistics, and they told him, in effect, to do the calculations data, they found that the difference in the cancer death rate himself. "The data," said NCI's Dr. Robert N. Hoover at was due entirely to the age and racial makeup of the respec- the hearings, "are generally available to anyone with a pub- tive populations. Fluoridation was irrelevant. lic library card." To check that claim, a CU staff member visited the local ONWARD TO EUROPE public library.All but two of the volumes needed,both from Rebuffed by NCI scientists, Dr. Burk took the National 1950,were on the shelves of a suburban library within walk- Health Federation studies to Holland and England.As noted ing distance of our offices. A phone call by one of the li- earlier, the Dutch trip was a smashing success. But the brarians located the two remaining volumes at another British refused to panic. Both the Royal College of Phy- nearby branch. sicians and Oxford University had recently completed As a result of the charges and the wide publicity the Na- studies of fluoridation and cancer. The Royal College of tional Health Federation gained in Britain, Drs. Richard Physicians in January 1976 concluded: "There is no evi- Doll and Leo Kinlen of the Department of Regius Professor dence that fluoride increases the incidence or mortality of of Medicine at Oxford decided to undertake still another cancer in any organ." The Oxford study reached a similar study. Their reason, they explained, was "to be sure about conclusion. the truth of the matter,and because we feared that Burk and Moreover, British scientists had learned of the NCI's re- Yiamouyiannis's abuse of statistics might be detrimental to futation of the Burk-Yiamouyiannis studies.They also were the future health of British children." At the same time, the aware that an independent study conducted for the National Royal College of Physicians requested a formal opinion of Academy of Sciences at the University of Rochester, N.Y., the cancer data from the Council of the Royal Statistical. had confirmed the NCI's findings. Society in Britain. "In the normal course of events," reported an Oxford The resulting studies appeared respectively in The Lancet research group, "that would have been the end of the mat- and in the Journal of Applied Statistics in 1977. In The ter. Unfortunately, however, it has not been." What the Lancet, Drs. Doll and Kinlen reported that none of the British scientists hadn't realized was that the facts were evidence "provides any reason to suppose that fluoridation incidental. is associated with an increase in cancer mortality, let alone The real goal of antifluoridation groups, explains an causes it." The study conducted for the Royal Statistical American Dental Association official, "is to create the il- Society, which undertook an even more comprehensive sta- lusion of a scientific controversy."The"studies" are merely tistical analysis than the NCI or Oxford, came to the same the ploy. The accuracy of that judgment was evidenced by conclusion. what happened next.According to an account in The Lancet, Furthermore, additional studies by the NCI in 1976, the a British medical journal, Drs. Burk and Yiamouyiannis be- U.S. Center for Disease Control in 1977, and the National gan publicizing their cancer claims in Britain. Through the Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in 1977 each found no assistance of the National Anti-Fluoridation Campaign,their evidence linking fluoridation and cancer. In short, inde- misleading data were circulated to members of Parliament, pendent investigations by seven of the leading medical and health authorities, and water boards as evidence that fluori- scientific organizations in the English-speaking world have dation was causing many cancer deaths. unanimously refuted the National Health Federation's can- Meanwhile, the National Health Federation began claim- cer claims. ing in the U.S. that NCI officials were concealing data, a Meanwhile, other allegations against fluoride are in wide charge that eventually had an impact in Britain. In Parlia- circulation. Fluoride is said to cause allergic reactions, birth ment, one member accused British health officials of mis- defects, mutations, heart disease, and cancer in animals. leading the public about fluoridation and of denying people We'll examine those allegations in the second part of this the truth "because of the Official Secrets Act." report. 5 PART II: THE MISLEADING CLAIMS • In addition to frightening the public with a baseless claim that fluoridation of the public water supply causes cancer, the opponents of fluoridation have issued many other misleading charges accusing fluorides of causing ills that range from brittle nails to birth defects. Since such claims are resurrected whenever fluoridation comes up for a vote, we'll discuss the most persistent ones and examine the evidence behind them. CLAIM: FLUORIDE IS A POISON • Like iron, zinc, and several other minerals, fluorine (in the danger of poisoning from imbibing water fluoridated to form of fluoride) is classified by the National Academy of prevent dental cavities. Sciences as an essential trace element in human nutrition. An occasional tactic in antifluoridation tracts is to run And like many substances essential to life or good health— pictures of cattle or other animals harmed by fluoride poi- iron, vitamins A and D, oxygen, and even water itself— soning. The photographs are authentic, but the impression fluoride can be toxic in excessive quantities. At high con- conveyed is false. Years ago, steel mills and clay factories centrations, fluoride has been used as a poison for insects in England and Wales sometimes polluted nearby vegeta- and rodents. However, at the level in fluoridated water—one tion with tons of fluoride emissions. Similar incidents have part per million ('ppm)—you'd have to drink at least several also occurred in the U.S. Cattle and other animals that hundred gallons at one sitting to get a lethal dose.The water grazed on the vegetation would ingest enormous amounts alone would kill you first. of fluoride and develop bone fractures and lameness. Their But what about the possibility of slow poisoning—a little pictures are the ones antifluoridationists use. bit at a time over long periods? According to the National In contrast, a controlled experiment with cattle produced Academy of Sciences, the daily intake required to produce far different results. The cattle were fed various amounts symptoms of chronic toxicity after years of consumption of fluoride in their diets for nearly 71/2 years.Even at fluor- is 20 to 80 milligrams or more—far in excess of the average ide levels as high as 27 ppm, the'cattle did not experience intake in the U.S. Such heavy doses are associated with fractures, lameness, or any adverse effects on soft tissues, water supplies that contain at least 10 ppm of natural fertility, or milk production. Nor were there any abnormal fluoride, as in some parts of India. There is absolutely no effects on their offspring through successive generations. CLAIM:. FLUORIDE CAUSES BIRTH DEFECTS In the late 1950's, a French physician named Rapaport study. reported that mongolism occurred more frequently in some That conclusion was,soon confirmed by a more carefully cities with fluoridated water than in some cities with little ,controlled study in England. Using more exacting methods or no fluoride in their water. Experts who •reviewed the of case-finding,the British researchers reported no difference study found it seriously flawed, however, especially in its in the incidence of mongolism whether the water was high method of locating cases. According to Dr. Rapaport's or low in fluoride.. figures, the incidence of mongoloid births in both the fluori- Since then, two extensive studies have substantiated the dated and unfluoridated cities was less than half the usual British findings. One surveyed virtually all mongoloid births rate—a highly questionable finding in itself. Thus, there was in Massachusetts from 1950 through 1966. The results, a strong likelihood that Dr. Rapaport had failed to uncover ' published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 1974, the majority of mongoloid births in the cities he chose to showed no link between fluoridation and mongolism. An 6 even larger study published in 1976 covered approximately and other common birth defects. Again, there was no asso- 1.4 million births in six major U.S. cities. Researchers at ciation between fluoride and any of the defects. In short, the Center for Disease Control investigated not only mon- the antifluoridationists' claim is based solely on the dis- golisin, but also cleft palate,.heart abnormalities, clubfoot, credited Rapaport study. CLAIM: FLUORIDE IS MUTAGENIC A variation on the birth-defects theme is the charge that Laboratory of Cellular and Comparative Physiology at the fluoride is a genetic hazard. Until recently, this claim was National Institute on Aging. The scientists conducted four based on irrelevant or questionable experiments with fruit separate experiments,including tests on mice receiving acute flies and plants. Then, in 1976, two researchers in Kansas doses of fluoride and mice raised for several generations on City, Mo., reported that various levels of fluoride damaged water containing 50 ppm of fluoride. None of the studies chromosomes in the bone-marrow cells and sperm cells of produced any evidence that fluoride damages chromosomes, mice. Although experts who reviewed the experiment noted even at levels 100 times that in fluoridated water supplies. several inconsistencies in the results, the question it raised In Germany, meanwhile, an independent group of re- was judged important enough to warrant further research. searchers reported similar results with human white blood Accordingly, joint studies were undertaken by the Lab- cells, which are especially sensitive to mutagenic agents. oratory of Developmental Biology and Anomalies at the Not only did fluoride fail to produce damage, it also evi- National Institute of Dental Research, the Department of denced an antimutagenic effect by protecting chromosomes Biochemistry at the University of Minnesota, and the against a known mutagen. CLAIM: FLUORIDE CAUSES ALLERGIC REACTIONS The charge that people can suffer allergic reactions or "in- month, a review of the Waldbott reports found no reliable tolerance" to fluoride gained prominence from anecdotal evidence to support his contentions. The cases were judged accounts by George L. Waldbott, M.D., an early opponent to represent "a variety of unrelated conditions." Follow- of fluoridation who founded the National Fluoridation ing the WHO study, the Public Health Service asked the News. Between 1955 and 1965, Dr. Waldbott reported American Academy of Allergy to evaluate the issue. After numerous instances of.patients experiencing nausea, head- a review of the existing clinical reports, the executive corn- aches, "spastic colitis," or various other symptoms that he mittee of the academy concluded unanimously: "There is attributed to fluoride ingestion. no evidence of allergy or intolerance to fluorides as used In the World Health Organization study described last in the fluoridation of community water supplies." CLAIM: FLUORIDE CAUSES CANCER IN ANIMALS Possibly the most absurd evidence marshalled against fluori- in the water. Two scientists from the National Institutes of dation is material purporting to show that fluoride induces Health reviewed the study in 1951 and dismissed it. Other cancer in animals.One series of studies frequently quoted by experiments by the same investigator and a co-worker have antifluoridationists was conducted by researchers in Texas long been discredited by subsequent research. Nevertheless, in the 1950's. The first study involved a strain of mice that opponents of fluoridation still cite the Texas experiments as ordinarily gets cancer. Supposedly, the mice given fluori- significant evidence that fluoride is carcinogenic. dated water developed tumors slightly earlier than similar Another study currently getting star billing in antifluori- mice on fluoride-free water.There were a few minor hitches dation tracts isan experiment conducted with fruit flies in in the experiment, however. All the mice were also fed a 1963. This time, legitimate findings are being substantially dog chow that, unknown to the investigator, contained 42 distorted;In that study, two strains of fruit flies exposed to ppm of fluoride—or 10 to 100 times the amount any of the 20 to 50 ppm of fluoride in their food experienced an in- mice got in their water, thus making any comparison be- creased incidence of melanotic tumors. Opponents of fluori- tween the two groups invalid. A further botching occurred dation interpret that to mean that fluoride can cause cancer. when the investigator miscalculated the amounts of fluoride That's not so,according to scientists working at the National 7 Cancer Institute.While humans may be physiological cousins of substances, including some vitamins and even lysine and to the mouse and other mammals, their kinship to the fruit tryptophan, two amino acids essential for human growth fly is somewhat more distant. and health. Fruit flies can also get malignant tumors, but Specifically, a melanotic tumor in a fruit fly is not the there's no evidence that fluoride has.ever caused any.Indeed, same as a cancerous tumor in a human or mammal. It is fluoride has never proved to be carcinogenic in tests on a more akin to scar tissue, and,unlike a cancerous tumor, it's variety of animals,including rats,mice,guinea pigs,rabbits, not malignant or harmful.It can be induced by a wide range hamsters, dogs, and sheep. CLAIM: FLUORIDE CONTRIBUTES TO HEART DISEASE In Wisconsin, opponents of fluoridation have often charged population 75 years old or older -increased 106 percent. that it increases the number of deaths from heart disease. When that factor is taken into account, the alleged effect They base their claim on statistics that show a rise in heart of fluoride vanishes. deaths in the town of Antigo,Wis., since the introduction of According to a 1972 study by the National Heart and fluoridation there. Lung Institute,comparisons of fluoridated and unfluoridated The National Heart and Lung Institute has called the communities reveal no difference in the rate of heart deaths. data a "misrepresentation of statistics." As one scientist Furthermore, reported the institute, evidence from autopsy points out, "The well-known fact that deaths from heart studies,from examinations of people exposed to acute doses disease become more frequent as people grow older was of fluoride in industrial accidents, and from medical data on overlooked." Since fluoridation was introduced in Antigo people who have drunk water naturally high in fluoride for in 1949,the percentage of elderly people there has doubled, a lifetime"all consistently indicate no adverse effect on car- Between 1950 and 1970, for example, the segment of the diovascular health." THE FACTS: ANTIGO LEARNED THEM THE HARD WAY Of all the numerous ills that have been attributed to garten, second,fourth, and sixth grades of Antigo's schools. fluoridation—from cancer in humans to constipation in dogs The examiners recorded the number of decayed, missing,or —none has ever been shown to be valid. In fact, the only filled teeth for each child. Four years later, they repeated known hazard of fluoridated water has nothing to do with the examination among children in all of-the same grades drinking it. Patients undergoingkidney dialysis can be ex- except the sixth. posed to about 50 to- 100 times the amount of fluid con- The kindergarteners in 1964 had a rate of dental prob- sumed by the average person. Accordingly, the National lems 92 percent higher than their counterparts four years Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Disease recommends earlier.Among second-graders,the decay rate in permanent that fluoride—as well as calcium, magnesium, and copper— teeth was up 183 percent. Among fourth-graders, it was up be removed from the tap water before it is used in an arti- 41 percent. A subsequent examination of sixth-graders ficial kidney machine. Aside from that precaution, there is showed a 91 percent increase in decay rates.In 1965, Antigo no genuine reason to worry about fluoridation, voted to reinstate fluoridation. In 1960, however, the residents of Antigo, Wis., didn't Despite persisting claims about heart deaths by local anti- realize that scare stories being circulated by local opponents fluoridationists,the people of Antigo today still drink fluori- of fluoridation were false. Antigo voted to discontinue its dated water. Meanwhile, about 100 million Americans do 11-year practice of fluoridating the water supply.The deci- not, largely because of the fears raised by opponents of sion eventually led to a study by public health officials,who fluoridation. The simple truth is that there's no "scientific wanted to learn what effects the end of fluoridation would controversy" over the safety of fluoridation.The practice is have on the dental health of Antigo youngsters. safe, economical, and beneficial. The survival of this fake During 1960, dental personnel from the Wisconsin Divi- controversy represents, in CU's opinion, one of the major sion of Health examined nearly all children in the kinder- triumphs of quackery over science in our generation. This report was reprinted,for educational purposes only,from the July and August, 1978, issues of Consumer Reports,the monthly magazine published by Consumers Union, a nonprofit organization. © 1978 by Consumers Union of United States Inc., Mount Vernon,N.Y. 10550. _ 8