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ECF_SEPA_Checklist_Jefferson_Highlands_211011_v1
SEPA ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLIST WAC 197-11-960 WAC 197-11-960 SEPA Environmental Checklist Page | 1 PURPOSE OF CHECKLIST: The State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA), chapter 43.21C RCW, requires all governmental agencies to consider the environmental impacts of a proposal before making decisions. An environmental impact statement (EIS) must be prepared for all proposals with probable significant adverse impacts on the quality of the environment. The purpose of this checklist is to provide information to help you and the agency identify impacts from your proposal (and to reduce or avoid impacts from the proposal, if it can be done) and to help the agency decide whether an EIS is required. INSTRUCTIONS FOR APPLICANTS: This environmental checklist asks you to describe some basic information about your proposal. Governmental agencies use this checklist to determine whether the environmental impacts of your proposal are significant, requiring preparation of an EIS. Answer the questions briefly, with the most precise information known, or give the best description you can. You must answer each question accurately and carefully, to the best of your knowledge. In most cases, you should be able to answer the questions from your own observations or project plans without the need to hire experts. If you really do not know the answer, or if a question does not apply to your proposal, write "do not know" or "does not apply." Complete answers to the questions now may avoid unnecessary delays later. Some questions ask about governmental regulations, such as zoning, shoreline, and landmark designations. Answer these questions if you can. If you have problems, the governmental agencies can assist you. The checklist questions apply to all parts of your proposal, even if you plan to do them over a period of time or on different parcels of land. Attach any additional information that will help describe your proposal or its environmental effects. The agency to which you submit this checklist may ask you to explain your answers or provide additional information reasonably related to determining if there may be significant adverse impact. USE OF CHECKLIST FOR NONPROJECT PROPOSALS: For nonproject proposals complete this checklist and the supplemental sheet for nonproject actions (Part D). The lead agency may exclude any question for the environmental elements (Part B) which they determine do not contribute meaningfully to the analysis of the proposal. For nonproject actions, the references in the checklist to the words "project," "applicant," and "property or site" should be read as "proposal," "proposer," and "affected geographic area," respectively. WAC 197-11-960 SEPA Environmental Checklist Page | 2 A. BACKGROUND 1. Name of proposed project, if applicable: Jefferson Highlands Unit Lot Subdivision 2. Name of applicant: Anita Woo 3. Address and phone number of applicant and contact person: 4. Date checklist prepared: October 8th, 2021 5. Agency requesting checklist: City of Renton 6. Proposed timing or schedule (including phasing, if applicable): Permitting: Fall 2021-Spring 2022 Construction: Summer/Fall 2022-Winter 2023 7. Do you have any plans for future additions, expansion, or further activity related to or connected with this proposal? If yes, explain. There are no future additions, expansion, or further activity related to or connected with this proposal anticipated at this time. 8. List any environmental information you know about that has been prepared, or will be prepared, directly related to this proposal. · Geotechnical Engineering Report by The Riley Group, Inc. 9. Do you know whether applications are pending for governmental approvals of other proposals directly affecting the property covered by your proposal? If yes, explain. There are no known applications pending for governmental approvals of other proposals directly affecting the property covered by this proposal at this time. Applicant Anita Woo 12906 NE 25th Place Bellevue, WA 98005 206-372-9008 Contact Person Encompass Engineering & Surveying ATTN: Costa Philippides, PE 165 NE Juniper St. Suite 201 Issaquah, WA 98027 425-392-0250 WAC 197-11-960 SEPA Environmental Checklist Page | 3 10. List any government approvals or permits that will be needed for your proposal, if known. The required governmental approvals and permits include Environmental Review, Hearing Examiner Preliminary Plat review, Conditional Use Permit, Unit Lot Subdivision and Building Permits. 11. Give brief, complete description of your proposal, including the proposed uses and the size of the project and site. There are several questions later in this checklist that ask you to describe certain aspects of your proposal. You do not need to repeat those answers on this page. (Lead agencies may modify this form to include additional specific information on project description.) The Applicant is proposing an eighteen (18) unit lot subdivision by constructing three (3), six (6) unit buildings for multi-family use. The subject site, made up of three (3) existing lots, is approximately 43,332 square feet (0.99 acres) in size. The present use for the subject properties is one (1) single-family residence (1518 Jefferson Avenue NE, Renton, WA 98056) and a multi- family duplex on each of the other two lots (1513/1515 Kirkland Avenue NE, Renton, WA 98056 and 1524/1526 Jefferson Avenue NE, Renton, WA 98056). Access for all 18 lots will be provided by a Private Access Road via Kirkland Avenue NE. 12. Location of the proposal. Give sufficient information for a person to understand the precise location of your proposed project, including a street address, if any, and section, township, and range, if known. If a proposal would occur over a range of area, provide the range or boundaries of the site(s). Provide a legal description, site plan, vicinity map, and topographic map, if reasonably available. While you should submit any plans required by the agency, you are not required to duplicate maps or detailed plans submitted with any permit applications related to this checklist. · Address: 1513 Kirkland Avenue NE, Renton, WA 98056 · Tax Parcel #: 722780-1485 · Section, Township, Range: SW 4-24-5 · Legal Description: LOT 3, BLOCK 45, CORRECTED PLAT OF RENTON HIGHLANDS NO. 2, ACCORDING TO THE PLAT THEREOF, RECORDED IN VOLUME 57 OF PLATS, PAGES 92 THROUGH 98, RECORDS OF KING COUNTY, WASHINGTON. · Address: 1526 Jefferson Avenue NE, Renton, WA 98056 · Tax Parcel #: 722780-1560 · Section, Township, Range: SW 4-24-5 · Legal Description: LOT 17, BLOCK 45, CORRECTED PLAT OF RENTON HIGHLANDS NO. 2, ACCORDING TO THE PLAT THEREOF, RECORDED IN VOLUME 57 OF PLATS, PAGES 92 THROUGH 98, RECORDS OF KING COUNTY, WASHINGTON. · Address: 1518 Jefferson Avenue NE, Renton, WA 98056 · Tax Parcel #: 722780-1555 WAC 197-11-960 SEPA Environmental Checklist Page | 4 · Section, Township, Range: SW 4-24-5 · Legal Description: LOT 18, BLOCK 45, CORRECTED PLAT OF RENTON HIGHLANDS NO. 2, ACCORDING TO THE PLAT THEREOF, RECORDED IN VOLUME 57 OF PLATS, PAGES 92 THROUGH 98, RECORDS OF KING COUNTY, WASHINGTON. *Site Plan and Vicinity Map found in Attachment A. B. ENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTS 1. EARTH a. General description of the site (circle one): Flat, rolling, hilly, steep slopes, mountainous, other… b. What is the steepest slope on the site (approximate percent slope)? The site is flat with an approximate 5% slope. c. What general types of soils are found on the site (for example, clay, sand, gravel, peat, muck)? If you know the classification of agricultural soils, specify them and note any agricultural land of long term commercial significance and whether the proposal results in removing any of these soils. Soils on the project site are classified as Arents, Alderwood material (AmC) and Indianola loamy sand (InC) according to the National Cooperative Soil Survey (please see Attachment B). d. Are there surface indications or history of unstable soils in the immediate vicinity? If so, describe. There are no known surface indications or history of unstable soils in the immediate vicinity. e. Describe the purpose, type, total area, and approximate quantities and total affected area of any filling, excavation, and grading proposed. Indicate source of fill. Grading and clearing of the project site is proposed to accommodate the improvement of the buildings, parking areas, driveways and the access road. Excavation: 650 CY (To be confirmed during final design) Fill: 1,550 CY (To be confirmed during final design) Net: 900 CY Fill (To be confirmed during final design) f. Could erosion occur as a result of clearing, construction, or use? If so, generally describe. Minor erosion is always possible with construction such as sedimentation and channelization. Erosion control measures will be put in place with construction to reduce these risks including a Temporary Erosion and Sediment Control (TESC) plan providing Best Management Practices during construction. WAC 197-11-960 SEPA Environmental Checklist Page | 5 g. About what percent of the site will be covered with impervious surfaces after project construction (for example, asphalt or buildings)? Up to 80% of the project site is allowed to be covered by impervious surface per zoning. Exact impervious coverage numbers will depend on the final design. h. Proposed measures to reduce or control erosion, or other impacts to the earth, if any: Implementation of Temporary Erosion and Sediment Control (TESC) and other Best Management Practices (BMPs), as required by code, will be reviewed throughout permit review process. 2. AIR a. What types of emissions to the air would result from the proposal during construction, operation, and maintenance when the project is completed? If any, generally describe and give approximate quantities if known. Air emissions from construction vehicles are anticipated to be consistent with the machinery typically used in single-family residential construction and are regulated by the Puget Sound Clean Air Agency. b. Are there any off-site sources of emissions or odor that may affect your proposal? If so, generally describe. There are no known off-site sources of emissions or odor that may affect this proposal. c. Proposed measures to reduce or control emissions or other impacts to air, if any: There are no measures to reduce or control emissions or other impacts to air at this time. Each building permit will be reviewed for compliance with current regulations. 3. WATER a. Surface: 1) Is there any surface water body on or in the immediate vicinity of the site (including year- round and seasonal streams, saltwater, lakes, ponds, wetlands)? If yes, describe type and provide names. If appropriate, state what stream or river it flows into. There are no bodies of water located on or near the project site. 2) Will the project require any work over, in, or adjacent to (within 200 feet) the described waters? If yes, please describe and attach available plans. Not applicable. WAC 197-11-960 SEPA Environmental Checklist Page | 6 3) Estimate the amount of fill and dredge material that would be placed in or removed from surface water or wetlands and indicate the area of the site that would be affected. Indicate the source of fill material. No filled or dredged material is planned to be placed or removed from the wetlands or surface water at this time. 4) Will the proposal require surface water withdrawals or diversions? Give general description, purpose, and approximate quantities if known. No surface water withdrawals or diversions are proposed at this time. 5) Does the proposal lie within a 100-year flood plain? If so, note location on the site plan. The project site does not lie within a FEMA 100-year floodplain, per the FEMA Flood Map Service Center. The flood map for the project site is number 53033C0668G, effective 08/19/2020. 6) Does the proposal involve any discharges of waste materials to surface waters? If so, describe the type of waste and anticipated volume of discharge. The proposal does not involve any discharge of waste materials to surface waters. b. Ground: 1) Will groundwater be withdrawn from a well for drinking water or other purposes? If so, give a general description of the well, proposed uses and approximate quantities withdrawn from the well? Will water be discharged to groundwater? Give general description, purpose, and approximate quantities if known. No groundwater will be withdrawn from a well for drinking water or other purposes. No discharge to groundwater is proposed at this time. 2) Describe waste material that will be discharged into the ground from septic tanks or other sources, if any (for example: Domestic sewage; industrial, containing the following chemicals...; agricultural; etc.). Describe the general size of the system, the number of such systems, the number of houses to be served (if applicable), or the number of animals or humans the system(s) are expected to serve. No discharge of waste materials into the ground is proposed at this time. c. Water Runoff (including stormwater): 1) Describe the source of runoff (including stormwater) and method of collection and disposal, if any (include quantities, if known). Where will this water flow? Will this water flow into other waters? If so, describe. Stormwater runoff from roofs, roadways and other impervious surfaces will be collected using gutters and standard catch basins and conveyed to stormwater infiltration beds. WAC 197-11-960 SEPA Environmental Checklist Page | 7 2) Could waste materials enter ground or surface waters? If so, generally describe. No waste materials are anticipated to enter the ground or surface waters. Runoff from all pollution-generating surfaces (i.e., driveway) will be collected and conveyed to a modular wetland for water quality treatment prior to entering the stormwater infiltration beds. 3) Does the proposal alter or otherwise affect drainage patterns in the vicinity of the site? If so, describe. The project does not propose to alter or otherwise affect drainage patterns. The drainage patterns will match that of the existing condition. 4) Proposed measures to reduce or control surface, ground, runoff water, and drainage pattern impacts, if any: Drainage will be designed to mitigate runoff from all new/replaced impervious surfaces associated with the constructed residential units. 4. PLANTS a. Check the types of vegetation found on the site: _ _ Deciduous tree: Alder, maple, aspen, other _X_ Evergreen tree: Fir, cedar, pine, other _X_ Shrubs _X_ Grass ___ Pasture ___ Crop or grain ___ Orchards, vineyards or other permanent crops. ___ Wet soil plants: Cattail, buttercup, bullrush, skunk cabbage, other ___ Water plants: Water lily, eelgrass, milfoil, other ___ Other types of vegetation b. What kind and amount of vegetation will be removed or altered? Vegetation removal will be the minimum necessary to construct the proposed units, as determined by the applicable development requirements found in the Renton Municipal Code. c. List threatened and endangered species known to be on or near the site. There are no known threatened or endangered species on or near the site. d. Proposed landscaping, use of native plants, or other measures to preserve or enhance vegetation on the site, if any: The landscaping plan includes the planting of native plants throughout the project site. e. List all noxious weeds and invasive species known to be on or near the site. Common invasives are suspected to be onsite. WAC 197-11-960 SEPA Environmental Checklist Page | 8 5. ANIMALS a. List any birds and other animals which have been observed on or near the site or are known to be on or near the site. Examples include: Birds: Hawk, heron, eagle, songbirds, other: Mammals: Deer, bear, elk, beaver, other: Fish: Bass, salmon, trout, herring, shellfish, other: b. List any threatened and endangered species known to be on or near the site. There are no threatened or endangered species known to be on or near the site. c. Is the site part of a migration route? If so, explain. There are no known migration routes on the site. Generally, Western Washington is part of the Pacific Flyaway. d. Proposed measures to preserve or enhance wildlife, if any: There are no measures to preserve or enhance wildlife proposed at this time. e. List any invasive animal species known to be on or near the site. There are no known invasive animal species on or near the site. 6. ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES a. What kinds of energy (electric, natural gas, oil, wood stove, solar) will be used to meet the completed project's energy needs? Describe whether it will be used for heating, manufacturing, etc. Energy use will be consistent with a typical multi-family residence as well as the machinery used during construction. b. Would your project affect the potential use of solar energy by adjacent properties? If so, generally describe. It is not anticipated that this project would affect the potential use of solar energy by adjacent properties. c. What kinds of energy conservation features are included in the plans of this proposal? List other proposed measures to reduce or control energy impacts, if any: There are no energy conservation features included in the plans of this proposal at this time. 7. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH a. Are there any environmental health hazards, including exposure to toxic chemicals, risk of fire and explosion, spill, or hazardous waste, that could occur as a result of this proposal? If so, describe. There are no known environmental health hazards that could occur as a result of this proposal. WAC 197-11-960 SEPA Environmental Checklist Page | 9 1) Describe any known or possible contamination at the site from present or past uses. There is no known contamination at the site from present or past uses. 2) Describe existing hazardous chemicals/conditions that might affect project development and design. This includes underground hazardous liquid and gas transmission pipelines located within the project area and in the vicinity. There are no known existing hazardous chemicals/conditions that might affect project development and design. 3) Describe any toxic or hazardous chemicals that might be stored, used, or produced during the project's development or construction, or at any time during the operating life of the project. There are no known toxic or hazardous chemicals that might be stored, used, or produced during the project’s development or construction at any time during the life of the project. 4) Describe special emergency services that might be required. There are no special emergency services anticipated to be required at this time beyond what is consistent with those typical of a residential neighborhood. 5) Proposed measures to reduce or control environmental health hazards, if any: There are no proposed measures to reduce or control environmental health hazards at this time. b. Noise 1) What types of noise exist in the area which may affect your project (for example: traffic, equipment, operation, other)? Existing noise is that which is typical to a residential neighborhood. 2) What types and levels of noise would be created by or associated with the project on a short- term or a long-term basis (for example: traffic, construction, operation, other)? Indicate what hours noise would come from the site. Typical noise from construction vehicles is anticipated on a short-term basis during project construction. 3) Proposed measures to reduce or control noise impacts, if any: Construction hours will be limited to what is required by the City of Renton. There are no additional measures to reduce or control noise impacts proposed at this time. WAC 197-11-960 SEPA Environmental Checklist Page | 10 8. LAND AND SHORELINE USE a. What is the current use of the site and adjacent properties? Will the proposal affect current land uses on nearby or adjacent properties? If so, describe. The proposal will remain consistent with the current and neighboring properties’ land use. One (1) single-family residence and two (2) duplex units currently exist on the subject site. The adjacent properties are duplexes as well. Another multi-family unit complex is located to the northeast, across Kirkland Avenue NE. The surrounding properties are similarly zoned R-14 or RM-F (Residential Multi-Family). b. Has the project site been used as working farmlands or working forest lands? If so, describe. How much agricultural or forest land of long-term commercial significance will be converted to other uses as a result of the proposal, if any? If resource lands have not been designated, how many acres in farmland or forest land tax status will be converted to nonfarm or nonforest use? A review of King County’s iMap aerial imagery shows no record of the project site being used as a working farmland or working forest land. 1) Will the proposal affect or be affected by surrounding working farm or forest land normal business operations, such as oversize equipment access, the application of pesticides, tilling, and harvesting? If so, how: No, the subject site is part of the Comprehensive Plan’s Residential High Density designation and is surrounded by other single-family and multi-family residences. c. Describe any structures on the site. The present use for the subject properties is one (1) single-family residence (1518 Jefferson Avenue NE, Renton, WA 98056) and a multi-family duplex on each of the other two lots (1513/1515 Kirkland Avenue NE, Renton, WA 98056 and 1524/1526 Jefferson Avenue NE, Renton, WA 98056) with several detached outbuildings. All three residential buildings were constructed in 1943. d. Will any structures be demolished? If so, what? Yes, the existing residences and all associated outbuildings are proposed to be demolished. e. What is the current zoning classification of the site? The project site is zoned R-14 (Residential-14), which allows a density range of seven (7) to fourteen (14) dwelling units per acre. f. What is the current comprehensive plan designation of the site? Residential High Density (RHD). g. If applicable, what is the current shoreline master program designation of the site? Not applicable. WAC 197-11-960 SEPA Environmental Checklist Page | 11 h. Has any part of the site been classified as a critical area by the city or county? If so, specify. Based on the City of Renton’s Critical Areas Maps, the site contains regulated slopes near the southern most property line. i. Approximately how many people would reside or work in the completed project? According to Renton’s average household size, 2.57, approximately 46 people are expected to reside in the completed project’s dwelling units (US Census Bureau, QuickFacts, 2015-2019). j. Approximately how many people would the completed project displace? According to Renton’s average household size of 2.57, the proposed housing demolition would displace 13 people. k. Proposed measures to avoid or reduce displacement impacts, if any: Outside of providing adequate notice of the proposed development to the current occupants, there are no proposed measures to avoid or reduce displacement impacts at this time. l. Proposed measures to ensure the proposal is compatible with existing and projected land uses and plans, if any: The proposal will meet density, dimension and design requirements of the underlying zoning and comprehensive plan to be compatible with existing and projected land uses. m. Proposed measures to reduce or control impacts to agricultural and forest lands of long-term commercial significance, if any: Does not apply. 9. HOUSING a. Approximately how many units would be provided, if any? Indicate whether high, middle, or low- income housing. The project seeks to construct eighteen (18) townhomes for multi-family use. Eighteen (18) dwelling units is in the range for the R-14 zoning because of the bonus density allowances. The Applicant is proposing two (2) of the units to be affordable housing. Consistent with neighboring properties, the fair market constructed homes would be middle-income housing and the affordable housing townhomes will be low-income. b. Approximately how many units, if any, would be eliminated? Indicate whether high, middle, or low-income housing. The existing single-family residence and two (2) duplexes are estimated to be low-to-middle income. c. Proposed measures to reduce or control housing impacts, if any: None needed. WAC 197-11-960 SEPA Environmental Checklist Page | 12 10. Aesthetics a. What is the tallest height of any proposed structure(s), not including antennas; what is the principal exterior building material(s) proposed? Pursuant to Renton Municipal Code, the maximum wall plate height is 24-feet with an increase to 32-feet with an approved administrative conditional use permit. The proposed townhome units are three stories. b. What views in the immediate vicinity would be altered or obstructed? There are no known views in the immediate vicinity that would be altered or obstructed. c. Proposed measures to reduce or control aesthetic impacts, if any: There are no measures to reduce or control aesthetic impacts proposed at this time. 11. LIGHT AND GLARE a. What type of light or glare will the proposal produce? What time of day would it mainly occur? There is a potential of glare from windows, which will be consistent with that of multi-family residences. All outdoor lighting on homes will be directed downward and shielded to minimize glare. b. Could light or glare from the finished project be a safety hazard or interfere with views? It is not anticipated that the finished project could be a safety hazard or interfere with views. c. What existing offsite sources of light or glare may affect your proposal? Surrounding streetlights may have an impact, but it is consistent with that of a residential neighborhood. d. Proposed measures to reduce or control light and glare impacts, if any: No measures are proposed to reduce or control light and glare aside from the requirements of the Renton Municipal Code. 12. RECREATION a. What designated and informal recreational opportunities are in the immediate vicinity? A number of parks and outdoor recreational opportunities are within the vicinity of the proposal including the Meadow Crest Playground (located 0.1 miles away), Sunset Neighborhood Park (0.6 miles away), Renton Highlands Library (0.6 miles away), Highlands Park and Neighborhood Center (1.0 mile away). Gene Coulon Park is located 1.9 miles from the Jefferson Highlands project site. WAC 197-11-960 SEPA Environmental Checklist Page | 13 b. Would the proposed project displace any existing recreational uses? If so, describe. No existing recreational use will be displaced with this proposal. No zoning or land use designation changes are proposed. c. Proposed measures to reduce or control impacts on recreation, including recreation opportunities to be provided by the project or applicant, if any: There are no measures to reduce or control impacts on recreation proposed at this time. 13. HISTORIC AND CULTURAL PRESERVATION a. Are there any buildings, structures, or sites, located on or near the site that are over 45 years old listed in or eligible for listing in national, state, or local preservation registers? If so, specifically describe. There are no known buildings, structures or sites located on or near the site that are listed in or eligible for listing in national, state, or local preservation registers per the Department of Archaeology and Historical Preservation’s WISAARD mapping tool. b. Are there any landmarks, features, or other evidence of Indian or historic use or occupation? This may include human burials or old cemeteries. Are there any material evidence, artifacts, or areas of cultural importance on or near the site? Please list any professional studies conducted at the site to identify such resources. There are no known landmarks, features, evidence of Indian/historic use/occupation, material evidence, artifacts, or areas of cultural importance located at or near the site. c. Describe the methods used to assess the potential impacts to cultural and historic resources on or near the project site. Examples include consultation with tribes and the department of archeology and historic preservation, archaeological surveys, historic maps, GIS data, etc. The Department of Archeology and Historical Preservation’s WISAARD mapping tool does not have the project site mapped as including landmarks, features or other evidence of Indian or historic use or occupation. If any indications are discovered during construction, work will stop immediately, and the appropriate authorities will be notified. d. Proposed measures to avoid, minimize, or compensate for loss, changes to, and disturbance to resources. Please include plans for the above and any permits that may be required. There are no additional measures to avoid, minimize, or compensate for loss, changes to, and disturbance to resources proposed at this time as no historical properties have been identified in the immediate vicinity of the proposal. 14. TRANSPORTATION a. Identify public streets and highways serving the site or affected geographic area, and describe proposed access to the existing street system. Show on site plans, if any. The main public streets serving the site include Jefferson Avenue NE on the west side of the project site and Kirkland Avenue NE on the east side of the project. Site access for the eighteen (18) townhome units is proposed to be via a private access off of Kirkland Avenue NE, located on the southeastern boundary of the project site. WAC 197-11-960 SEPA Environmental Checklist Page | 14 b. Is the site or affected geographic area currently served by public transit? If so, generally describe. If not, what is the approximate distance to the nearest transit stop? The nearest bus stop is located approximately 0.1 miles away at NE 16th Street and Kirkland Avenue NE where it is served by metro line 105 (Renton Highlands-Renton Technical College) and 240 (Renton-Bellevue Transit Center). c. How many additional parking spaces would the completed project or nonproject proposal have? How many would the project or proposal eliminate? One-car garages are proposed per dwelling unit along with driveway parking for a total of 36 parking spaces. 3 guest parking spaces and each unit will have one (1) wall mounted bicycle storage place in the garage. d. Will the proposal require any new or improvements to existing roads, streets, pedestrian, bicycle or state transportation facilities, not including driveways? If so, generally describe (indicate whether public or private). Frontage improvements on Jefferson Avenue NE will be constructed by the City of Renton as a part of their NE 16th Street/Jefferson Avenue Stormwater Green Connection Capital Improvement Project (CIP). The CIP includes new curb/gutters, street restoration, pervious sidewalks, bioretention cells and stormwater conveyance systems. The Applicant is proposing half street improvements along Kirkland Avenue NE to meet the City’s requirements for this street section, including an 11.5-foot paved travel lane, a 12-foot bioretention filter/planter strip, a 0.5-foot vertical curb, a 5-goot sidewalk and a 1-foot clear width behind the back of the sidewalk to the edge of the right-of-way. e. Will the project or proposal use (or occur in the immediate vicinity of) water, rail, or air transportation? If so, generally describe. The project is not in the immediate vicinity of water, rail or air transportation. f. How many vehicular trips per day would be generated by the completed project or proposal? If known, indicate when peak volumes would occur and what percentage of the volume would be trucks (such as commercial and nonpassenger vehicles). What data or transportation models were used to make these estimates? Approximately 10 weekday AM peak hour trips and 12 weekday PM peak hour trips are expected to be generated by the eighteen (18) proposed multi-family dwelling units per the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) Trip Generation – 10th Edition, land use code 220 (Multifamily Housing). g. Will the proposal interfere with, affect or be affected by the movement of agricultural and forest products on roads or streets in the area? If so, generally describe. The proposal will not interfere with, affect or be affected by the movement of agricultural and forest products on roads or streets in the area. WAC 197-11-960 SEPA Environmental Checklist Page | 15 h. Proposed measures to reduce or control transportation impacts, if any: There are no measures to reduce or control transportation impacts proposed or needed at this time. Transportation impact fees may apply and will be paid accordingly. 15. PUBLIC SERVICES a. Would the project result in an increased need for public services (for example: Fire protection, police protection, public transit, health care, schools, other)? If so, generally describe. This project will result in an increased need for public services due to the eighteen (18) multi- family dwelling units proposed on a site that currently has five (5) dwelling units. The appropriate impact fees will be paid addressing these concerns. b. Proposed measures to reduce or control direct impacts on public services, if any. A fire sprinkler system will be installed in the townhomes. There are no other measures to reduce or control direct impacts on public services proposed at this time. Impact fees may be applicable and will be paid accordingly. 16. UTILITIES a. Circle utilities currently available at the site: Electricity, natural gas, water, refuse service, telephone, sanitary sewer, septic system, other. b. Describe the utilities that are proposed for the project, the utility providing the service, and the general construction activities on the site or in the immediate vicinity which might be needed. The project will connect into the City of Renton’s existing water and sanitary sewer services. Electric power and natural gas will be supplied by Puget Sound Energy. C. SIGNATURE The above answers are true and complete to the best of my knowledge. I understand that the lead agency is relying on them to make its decision. Signature: __________________________________ COSTA PHILIPPIDES, PE ENCOMPASS ENGINEERING & SURVEYING Date Submitted:____October 8th, 2021____________ [Statutory Authority: RCW 43.21C.110. WSR 16-13-012 (Order 15-09), § 197-11-960, filed 6/2/16, effective 7/3/16. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.21C.110 and 43.21C.100 [43.21C.170]. WSR 14-09- 026 (Order 13-01), § 197-11-960, filed 4/9/14, effective 5/10/14. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.21C.110. WSR 13-02-065 (Order 12-01), § 197-11-960, filed 12/28/12, effective 1/28/13; WSR 84- 05-020 (Order DE 83-39), § 197-11-960, filed 2/10/84, effective 4/4/84.] WAC 197-11-960 SEPA Environmental Checklist Page | 16 ATTACHMENT A SITE PLAN AND VICINITY MAP Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, CC-BY-SA, King County Date: 4/30/2021 Notes: ±The information included on this map has been compiled by King County staff from a variety of sources and issubject to change without notice. King County makes no representations or warranties, express or implied,as to accuracy, completeness, timeliness, or rights to the use of such information. This document is not intendedfor use as a survey product. King County shall not be liable for any general, special, indirect, incidental, orconsequential damages including, but not limited to, lost revenues or lost profits resulting from the use or misuseof the information contained on this map. Any sale of this map or information on this map is prohibited except bywritten permission of King County. King County iMap Project Site WAC 197-11-960 SEPA Environmental Checklist Page | 17 ATTACHMENT B SOIL SURVEY United States Department of Agriculture A product of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local participants Custom Soil Resource Report for King County Area, Washington Natural Resources Conservation Service March 26, 2021 Preface Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance the environment. Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations. Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/ portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil Scientist (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/? cid=nrcs142p2_053951). Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations. The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require 2 alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. 3 Contents Preface....................................................................................................................2 How Soil Surveys Are Made..................................................................................5 Soil Map..................................................................................................................8 Soil Map................................................................................................................9 Legend................................................................................................................10 Map Unit Legend................................................................................................11 Map Unit Descriptions.........................................................................................11 King County Area, Washington.......................................................................13 AmC—Arents, Alderwood material, 6 to 15 percent slopes........................13 InC—Indianola loamy sand, 5 to 15 percent slopes....................................13 References............................................................................................................16 4 How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity. Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA. The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the landscape. Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries. Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil 5 scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research. The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map. The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil-landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded. These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from one point to another across the landscape. Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other properties. While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil. Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date. After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and Custom Soil Resource Report 6 identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately. Custom Soil Resource Report 7 Soil Map The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit. 8 9 Custom Soil Resource Report Soil Map 526171052617205261730526174052617505261760526177052617805261790526171052617205261730526174052617505261760526177052617805261790561750 561760 561770 561780 561790 561800 561810 561820 561830 561840 561850 561860 561870 561750 561760 561770 561780 561790 561800 561810 561820 561830 561840 561850 561860 561870 47° 30' 23'' N 122° 10' 48'' W47° 30' 23'' N122° 10' 41'' W47° 30' 21'' N 122° 10' 48'' W47° 30' 21'' N 122° 10' 41'' WN Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 10N WGS84 0 30 60 120 180 Feet 0 5 10 20 30 Meters Map Scale: 1:626 if printed on A landscape (11" x 8.5") sheet. Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Map Unit Polygons Soil Map Unit Lines Soil Map Unit Points Special Point Features Blowout Borrow Pit Clay Spot Closed Depression Gravel Pit Gravelly Spot Landfill Lava Flow Marsh or swamp Mine or Quarry Miscellaneous Water Perennial Water Rock Outcrop Saline Spot Sandy Spot Severely Eroded Spot Sinkhole Slide or Slip Sodic Spot Spoil Area Stony Spot Very Stony Spot Wet Spot Other Special Line Features Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Background Aerial Photography The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857) Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate calculations of distance or area are required. This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: King County Area, Washington Survey Area Data: Version 16, Jun 4, 2020 Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000 or larger. Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Jul 25, 2020—Jul 27, 2020 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report 10 Map Unit Legend Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI AmC Arents, Alderwood material, 6 to 15 percent slopes 0.9 81.0% InC Indianola loamy sand, 5 to 15 percent slopes 0.2 19.0% Totals for Area of Interest 1.2 100.0% Map Unit Descriptions The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit. A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils. Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however, Custom Soil Resource Report 11 onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities. Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement. Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series. Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups. A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example. An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha-Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example. Custom Soil Resource Report 12 King County Area, Washington AmC—Arents, Alderwood material, 6 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 1hmsq Elevation: 50 to 660 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 60 inches Mean annual air temperature: 50 degrees F Frost-free period: 150 to 200 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Arents, alderwood material, and similar soils:100 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Arents, Alderwood Material Setting Landform:Till plains Parent material:Basal till Typical profile H1 - 0 to 26 inches: gravelly sandy loam H2 - 26 to 60 inches: very gravelly sandy loam Properties and qualities Slope:6 to 15 percent Depth to restrictive feature:20 to 40 inches to densic material Drainage class:Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Very low to moderately low (0.00 to 0.06 in/hr) Depth to water table:About 16 to 36 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Available water capacity:Very low (about 2.3 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4s Hydrologic Soil Group: B/D Hydric soil rating: No InC—Indianola loamy sand, 5 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 2t635 Elevation: 0 to 980 feet Mean annual precipitation: 30 to 81 inches Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 50 degrees F Frost-free period: 170 to 210 days Custom Soil Resource Report 13 Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated Map Unit Composition Indianola and similar soils:85 percent Minor components:15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Indianola Setting Landform:Eskers, kames, terraces Landform position (three-dimensional):Riser Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Linear Parent material:Sandy glacial outwash Typical profile Oi - 0 to 1 inches: slightly decomposed plant material A - 1 to 6 inches: loamy sand Bw1 - 6 to 17 inches: loamy sand Bw2 - 17 to 27 inches: sand BC - 27 to 37 inches: sand C - 37 to 60 inches: sand Properties and qualities Slope:5 to 15 percent Depth to restrictive feature:More than 80 inches Drainage class:Somewhat excessively drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):High to very high (5.95 to 99.90 in/hr) Depth to water table:More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Available water capacity:Low (about 3.9 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 4e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4s Hydrologic Soil Group: A Forage suitability group: Droughty Soils (G002XS401WA), Droughty Soils (G002XN402WA) Other vegetative classification: Droughty Soils (G002XS401WA), Droughty Soils (G002XN402WA) Hydric soil rating: No Minor Components Alderwood Percent of map unit:8 percent Landform:Ridges, hills Landform position (two-dimensional):Shoulder Landform position (three-dimensional):Nose slope, talf Down-slope shape:Linear, convex Across-slope shape:Convex Hydric soil rating: No Custom Soil Resource Report 14 Everett Percent of map unit:5 percent Landform:Kames, eskers, moraines Landform position (two-dimensional):Shoulder, footslope Landform position (three-dimensional):Crest, base slope Down-slope shape:Convex Across-slope shape:Convex Hydric soil rating: No Norma Percent of map unit:2 percent Landform:Depressions, drainageways Landform position (three-dimensional):Dip Down-slope shape:Concave, linear Across-slope shape:Concave Hydric soil rating: Yes Custom Soil Resource Report 15 References American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. 24th edition. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00. Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS-79/31. Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States. Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States. Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils in the United States. National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries. Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/ nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_054262 Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053577 Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053580 Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands Section. United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report Y-87-1. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National forestry manual. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/ home/?cid=nrcs142p2_053374 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National range and pasture handbook. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/ detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084 16 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/ nrcs/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nrcs142p2_054242 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/? cid=nrcs142p2_053624 United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_052290.pdf Custom Soil Resource Report 17