Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutRS_CSWPP_20220414_v1Construction Stormwater General Permit (CSWGP) Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) for Cyprus Lane Prepared for: Department of Ecology Northwest Regional Office Permittee / Owner Developer Operator / Contractor Tuscany Construction PO Box 2170 Renton, WA 98056 Tuscany Construction PO Box 2170 Renton, WA 98056 TBD 5816 NE 4th Place, Renton WA 98059 Certified Erosion and Sediment Control Lead (CESCL) Name Organization Contact Phone Number TBD TBD TBD SWPPP Prepared By Name Organization Contact Phone Number Andrew Oh Core Design Inc. 425-885-7877 SWPPP Preparation Date 08/11/22 Project Construction Dates Activity / Phase Start Date End Date Construction 4/01/2023 9/30/2024 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS AND CAVEATS This template presents the recommended structure and content for preparation of a Construction Stormwater General Permit (CSWGP) Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). The Department of Ecology’s (Ecology) CSWGP requirements inform the structure and content of this SWPPP template; however, you must customize this template to reflect the conditions of your site. A Construction Stormwater Site Inspection Form can be found on Ecology’s website. https://www.ecology.wa.gov/Regulations-Permits/Permits-certifications/Stormwater-general- permits/Construction-stormwater-permit Using the SWPPP Template Each section will include instructions and space for information specific to your project. Please read the instructions for each section and provide the necessary information when prompted. This Word template can be modified electronically. You may add/delete text, copy and paste, edit tables, etc. Some sections may be completed with brief answers while others may require several pages of explanation. Follow this link to a copy of the Construction Stormwater General Permit: https://www.ecology.wa.gov/Regulations-Permits/Permits-certifications/Stormwater-general- permits/Construction-stormwater-permit Cyprus Lane i Table of Contents Contents 1.0 Project Information ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Existing Conditions ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Proposed Construction Activities .................................................................................................. 2 2.0 Construction Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs) ....................................................... 3 2.1 The 13 Elements (2.1) ................................................................................................................... 3 2.1.1 Element 1: Preserve Vegetation / Mark Clearing Limits ....................................................... 3 2.1.2 Element 2: Establish Construction Access ............................................................................ 3 2.1.3 Element 3: Control Flow Rates .............................................................................................. 4 2.1.4 Element 4: Install Sediment Controls .................................................................................... 5 2.1.5 Element 5: Stabilize Soils ...................................................................................................... 5 2.1.6 Element 6: Protect Slopes ..................................................................................................... 6 2.1.7 Element 7: Protect Drain Inlets ............................................................................................. 6 2.1.8 Element 8: Stabilize Channels and Outlets ........................................................................... 7 2.1.9 Element 9: Control Pollutants ............................................................................................... 7 2.1.10 Element 10: Control Dewatering ........................................................................................ 10 2.1.11 Element 11: Maintain BMPs................................................................................................ 10 2.1.12 Element 12: Manage the Project ........................................................................................ 11 2.1.13 Element 13: Protect Low Impact Development (LID) BMPs ............................................... 11 3.0 Pollution Prevention Team ............................................................................................................. 12 4.0 Monitoring and Sampling Requirements ........................................................................................ 13 4.1 Site Inspection ............................................................................................................................. 13 4.2 Stormwater Quality Sampling ..................................................................................................... 13 4.2.1 Turbidity Sampling .............................................................................................................. 13 4.2.2 pH Sampling ........................................................................................................................ 15 5.0 Discharges to 303(d) or Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Waterbodies .................................... 16 5.1 303(d) Listed Waterbodies .......................................................................................................... 16 5.2 TMDL Waterbodies ..................................................................................................................... 16 6.0 Reporting and Record Keeping ....................................................................................................... 17 Cyprus Lane ii 6.1 Record Keeping ........................................................................................................................... 17 6.1.1 Site Log Book ....................................................................................................................... 17 6.1.2 Records Retention ............................................................................................................... 17 6.1.3 Updating the SWPPP ........................................................................................................... 17 6.2 Reporting ..................................................................................................................................... 18 6.2.1 Discharge Monitoring Reports ............................................................................................ 18 6.2.2 Notification of Noncompliance ........................................................................................... 18 List of Tables Table 1 – Summary of Site Pollutant Constituents ....................................................................................... 1 Table 2 – Pollutants ....................................................................................................................................... 7 Table 3 – pH-Modifying Sources ................................................................................................................... 9 Table 4 – Dewatering BMPs ........................................................................................................................ 10 Table 5 – Management ............................................................................................................................... 11 Table 7 – Team Information ........................................................................................................................ 12 Table 8 – Turbidity Sampling Method ......................................................................................................... 13 Table 8 – pH Sampling Method ................................................................................................................... 15 List of Appendices A. Site Map B. BMP Detail C. Correspondence D. Site Inspection Form E. Construction Stormwater General Permit (CSWGP) F. 303(d) List Waterbodies / TMDL Waterbodies Information G. Contaminated Site Information H. Engineering Calculations Cyprus Lane iii List of Acronyms and Abbreviations Acronym / Abbreviation Explanation 303(d) Section of the Clean Water Act pertaining to Impaired Waterbodies BFO Bellingham Field Office of the Department of Ecology BMP(s) Best Management Practice(s) CESCL Certified Erosion and Sediment Control Lead CO2 Carbon Dioxide CRO Central Regional Office of the Department of Ecology CSWGP Construction Stormwater General Permit CWA Clean Water Act DMR Discharge Monitoring Report DO Dissolved Oxygen Ecology Washington State Department of Ecology EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency ERO Eastern Regional Office of the Department of Ecology ERTS Environmental Report Tracking System ESC Erosion and Sediment Control GULD General Use Level Designation NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Units NWRO Northwest Regional Office of the Department of Ecology pH Power of Hydrogen RCW Revised Code of Washington SPCC Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure su Standard Units SWMMEW Stormwater Management Manual for Eastern Washington SWMMWW Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington SWPPP Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan TESC Temporary Erosion and Sediment Control SWRO Southwest Regional Office of the Department of Ecology TMDL Total Maximum Daily Load VFO Vancouver Field Office of the Department of Ecology WAC Washington Administrative Code WSDOT Washington Department of Transportation WWHM Western Washington Hydrology Model Cyprus Lane 1 1.0 Project Information Project/Site Name: Cyprus Lane Street/Location: 5816 NE 4th Place City: Renton State: WA Zip code: 98059 Subdivision: Cyprus Lane Receiving waterbody: Lake Washington 1.1 Existing Conditions Total acreage (including support activities such as off-site equipment staging yards, material storage areas, borrow areas). Total acreage: 4.83 Acres Disturbed acreage: 4.83 Acres Existing structures: Two existing single family homes with three detached garages. Landscape topography: The northeast corner of the site is the high point. The site slopes south and west. Drainage patterns: Runoff on the west side flows onto Nile Avenue NE while runoff on the south side flows into NE 4th Place. Existing Vegetation: Some existing vegetation with mostly forested areas. Critical Areas (wetlands, streams, high erosion risk, steep or difficult to stabilize slopes): No critical areas on site. List of known impairments for 303(d) listed or Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for the receiving waterbody: Table 1 includes a list of suspected and/or known contaminants associated with the construction activity. Table 1 – Summary of Site Pollutant Constituents Constituent (Pollutant) Location Depth Concentration No pollutants Cyprus Lane 2 1.2 Proposed Construction Activities Description of site development (example: subdivision): Single-Family subdivision creating 14 lots with associated roadways, utilities, and stormwater facilities. Description of construction activities (example: site preparation, demolition, excavation): Erosion control measures will be installed. Existing structures and hardscape will be demolished. Site will be cleared and graded. Utilities will be installed. Hardscape will be installed. Homes will be built. Description of site drainage including flow from and onto adjacent properties. Must be consistent with Site Map in Appendix A: Runoff on the west side flows onto Nile Avenue NE while runoff on the east side flows into NE 4th Place. Description of final stabilization (example: extent of revegetation, paving, landscaping): All disturbed areas will be stabilized with landscaping or hardscaping. Contaminated Site Information: Proposed activities regarding contaminated soils or groundwater (example: on-site treatment system, authorized sanitary sewer discharge): Not Applicable. Cyprus Lane 3 2.0 Construction Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs) The SWPPP is a living document reflecting current conditions and changes throughout the life of the project. These changes may be informal (i.e. hand-written notes and deletions). Update the SWPPP when the CESCL has noted a deficiency in BMPs or deviation from original design. 2.1 The 13 Elements (2.1) 2.1.1 Element 1: Preserve Vegetation / Mark Clearing Limits All projects will clearly mark any clearing limits, sensitive areas, buffers, and trees that will be preserved prior to beginning any land disturbing activities. Clearly mark limits both in the field and on the plans List and describe BMPs: BMP C103: High Visibility Fence Installation Schedules: April 1, 2023 Inspection and Maintenance plan: See BMP information provided in Appendix B Responsible Staff: Project CESL 2.1.2 Element 2: Establish Construction Access All construction projects subject to vehicular traffic shall provide a means of preventing soil from the construction site to enter the city streets. At minimum, there shall be a rock pad construction entrance at every vehicle access point. If the rock pad itself is insufficient, a wheel wash may be necessary. Note: The applicant should consider placing the entrance in the area for future driveway(s), as the rock can be used for driveway base material. The entrance(s) shall be inspected weekly and if excessive sediment is found, more rock shall be added to ensure proper functioning. List and describe BMPs: BMP C105: Stabilized Construction Entrance Installation Schedules: April 1, 2023 Inspection and Maintenance plan: See BMP information provided in Appendix B Responsible Staff: Project CESL Cyprus Lane 4 2.1.3 Element 3: Control Flow Rates Flow Control BMPs must be used to protect properties and waterways downstream of the construction site from the effects of the associated discharge of turbid waters. Stormwater retention or detention facilities will be constructed as one of the first steps in grading. The permanent detention vault will be constructed early in the construction process and be used as temporary sediment facilities. Will you construct stormwater retention and/or detention facilities? Yes Will you use permanent infiltration ponds or other low impact development (example: rain gardens, bio-retention, porous pavement) to control flow during construction? No List and describe BMPs: BMP C207: Check Dams BMP C241: Temporary Sediment Pond Installation Schedules: April 1, 2023 Inspection and Maintenance plan: See BMP information provided in Appendix B Responsible Staff: Project CESL Cyprus Lane 5 2.1.4 Element 4: Install Sediment Controls Sediment barriers should be used downslope of disturbed areas. Sediment barriers are intended to create a barrier to slow the flow of stormwater and allow the sediment to settle out behind the barrier. Do not use sediment barriers in streams, channels, ditches or around inlets/outlets of culverts. List and describe BMPs: BMP C233: Silt Fence Installation Schedules: April 1, 2023 Inspection and Maintenance plan: See BMP information provided in Appendix B. Responsible Staff: Project CESL 2.1.5 Element 5: Stabilize Soils Soil erosion protection is applied over the soil surface to reduce erosion from rainfall and wind. It can also be used to aid the establishment of vegetation. Between October 1st and April 30th, no soils shall remain exposed for more than 2 days unless they are being actively workd. From April 1st to September 30th, no soils shall remain exposed for more than 7 days unless they are being actively worked. Mulching may be used individually for stabilization of periods shorter than 30 days. Seeding should be used for soils that will remain unworked for more than 30 days. Seeding requires mulch. West of the Cascade Mountains Crest Season Dates Number of Days Soils Can be Left Exposed During the Dry Season May 1 – September 30 7 days During the Wet Season October 1 – April 30 2 days Soils must be stabilized at the end of the shift before a holiday or weekend if needed based on the weather forecast. Anticipated project dates: Start date: April 1, 2023 End date: September 30, 2024 Will you construct during the wet season? Yes Cyprus Lane 6 List and describe BMPs: BMP C120: Temporary and Permanent Seeding BMP C121: Mulching Quicklime for Structural fill – See BMPs as outlined by project geotechnical engineer memo in Appendix B. Installation Schedules: Applied as needed to stabilize soils Inspection and Maintenance plan: See BMP information provided in Appendix B. Responsible Staff: Project CESL 2.1.6 Element 6: Protect Slopes Design, construct and phase projects in a manner that will minimize erosion. Slopes will be protected by diverting water at the top of the slope. Reducing slope velocities by minimizing the continuous length of slope, which can be done through terracing. Seeding slopes will help stabilize the slopes as well. Will steep slopes be present at the site during construction? No List and describe BMPs: BMP C120: Temporary and Permanent Seeding BMP C121: Mulching BMP C200: Intercepter Dike and Swale Installation Schedules: Applied as needed to stabilize soils Inspection and Maintenance plan: See BMP information provided in Appendix B. Responsible Staff: Project CESL 2.1.7 Element 7: Protect Drain Inlets Catch basin protection for all nearby downstream and onsite functioning catch basins. This will prevent sediments from entering drainage systems prior to site stabilization. Inlets will be inspected weekly or daily during storm events. List and describe BMPs: BMP C220: Storm Drain Inlet Protection Installation Schedules: April 1, 2023 Cyprus Lane 7 Inspection and Maintenance plan: See BMP information provided in Appendix B Responsible Staff: Project CESL 2.1.8 Element 8: Stabilize Channels and Outlets All on-site conveyance channels shall be designed, constructed, and stabilized to prevent erosion from a Type 1A, 10-year, 24-hour frequency storm for the developed condition. Provide stabilization adequate to prevent erosion of outlets, adjacent streambanks, slopes, and downstream reaches at the outlets of all conveyance systems. Provide stabilization, including armoring material, adequate to prevent erosion of outlets, adjacent stream banks, slopes, and downstream reaches, will be installed at the outlets of all conveyance systems. List and describe BMPs: BMP C207: Check Dams Installation Schedules: April 1, 2023 Inspection and Maintenance plan: See BMP information provided in Appendix B. Responsible Staff: Project CESL 2.1.9 Element 9: Control Pollutants The following pollutants are anticipated to be present on-site: Table 2 – Pollutants Pollutant (and source, if applicable) Concrete Dust and Debris Petroleum Concrete • Unused concrete remaining in the truck and pump shall be returned to the originating batch plant to be recycled. • Concrete truck chutes, pumps, internals, hand tools shall be washed off only into formed areas awaiting installation of concrete or asphalt. (BMP C154) • Equipment that cannot be easily moved shall only be washed in areas that do not directly drain to natural or constructed stormwater conveyances. Cyprus Lane 8 • When no formed areas are available, waste shall be discharged to a paved or lined sump. The waste water shall be neutralizied prior to discharge. List and describe BMPs: BMP C151: Concrete Handling BMP C154: Concrete Washout Area Installation Schedules: April 1, 2023 Inspection and Maintenance plan: See BMP information provided in Appendix B Responsible Staff: Project CESL. Dust and Debris • Dust released from demolished sidewalks, buildings, or structures will be controlled using Dust Control Measures (BMP C140) • Process water and slurry resulting from sawcutting and surfacing operations will be prevented from entering the waters of the State by implementing Sawcutting and Surface Pollution Prevention Measures (BMP C152) List and describe BMPs: BMP C140: Dust Control BMP C152: Sawcutting and Surfacing Pollution Prevention Installation Schedules: April 1, 2023 Inspection and Maintenance plan: See BMP information provided in Appendix B. Responsible Staff: Project CESL Petroleum • No fuel or chemicals will be stored on site. • Fueling shall be provided by a fueling truck. No fuel shall be stored on site. • All vehicle maintenance and repairs shall be done offsite. Will maintenance, fueling, and/or repair of heavy equipment and vehicles occur on-site? No List and describe BMPs: BMP C153: Material Delivery, Storage and Containment Installation Schedules: April 1, 2023 Inspection and Maintenance plan: See BMP information provided in Appendix B. Cyprus Lane 9 Responsible Staff: Project CESL. Will wheel wash or tire bath system BMPs be used during construction? Yes List and describe BMPs: BMP C106: Wheel Wash Installation Schedules: April 1, 2023 Inspection and Maintenance plan: See BMP information provided in Appendix B. Responsible Staff: Project CESL Will pH-modifying sources be present on-site? Yes Table 3 – pH-Modifying Sources None X Bulk cement Cement kiln dust Fly ash X Other cementitious materials New concrete washing or curing waters Waste streams generated from concrete grinding and sawing Exposed aggregate processes Dewatering concrete vaults Concrete pumping and mixer washout waters Recycled concrete X Other – Quicklime, See BMPs as outlined by project geotechnical engineer memo in Appendix B. List and describe BMPs: BMP C151: Concrete Handling BMP C252: High pH Neutralization Using CO2 BMP C253: pH Control for High pH Water Installation Schedules: April 1, 2023 Inspection and Maintenance plan: See BMP information provided in Appendix B. Responsible Staff: Project CESL Concrete trucks must not be washed out onto the ground, or into storm drains, open ditches, streets, or streams. Excess concrete must not be dumped on-site, except in designated concrete washout areas with appropriate BMPs installed. Cyprus Lane 10 2.1.10 Element 10: Control Dewatering No dewatering is anticipated to be required. If any dewatering does need to occur, water will be discharged through a stabilized channel to the proposed Temporary Sediment Pond. Table 4 – Dewatering BMPs Infiltration Transport off-site in a vehicle (vacuum truck for legal disposal) Ecology-approved on-site chemical treatment or other suitable treatment technologies Sanitary or combined sewer discharge with local sewer district approval (last resort) Use of sedimentation bag with discharge to ditch or swale (small volumes of localized dewatering) List and describe BMPs: N/A Installation Schedules: N/A Inspection and Maintenance plan: N/A Responsible Staff: N/A 2.1.11 Element 11: Maintain BMPs All temporary and permanent Erosion and Sediment Control (ESC) BMPs shall be maintained and repaired as needed to ensure continued performance of their intended function. Maintenance and repair shall be conducted in accordance with each particular BMP specification (see Volume II of the SWMMWW or Chapter 7 of the SWMMEW). Visual monitoring of all BMPs installed at the site will be conducted at least once every calendar week and within 24 hours of any stormwater or non-stormwater discharge from the site. If the site becomes inactive and is temporarily stabilized, the inspection frequency may be reduced to once every calendar month. All temporary ESC BMPs shall be removed within 30 days after final site stabilization is achieved or after the temporary BMPs are no longer needed. Trapped sediment shall be stabilized on-site or removed. Disturbed soil resulting from removal of either BMPs or vegetation shall be permanently stabilized. Additionally, protection must be provided for all BMPs installed for the permanent control of stormwater from sediment and compaction. BMPs that are to remain in place following completion of construction shall be examined and restored to full operating condition. If Cyprus Lane 11 sediment enters these BMPs during construction, the sediment shall be removed and the facility shall be returned to conditions specified in the construction documents. 2.1.12 Element 12: Manage the Project The project will be managed based on the following principles: • Projects will be phased to the maximum extent practicable and seasonal work limitations will be taken into account. • Inspection and monitoring: o Inspection, maintenance and repair of all BMPs will occur as needed to ensure performance of their intended function. o Site inspections and monitoring will be conducted in accordance with Special Condition S4 of the CSWGP. Sampling locations are indicated on the Site Map. Sampling station(s) are located in accordance with applicable requirements of the CSWGP. • Maintain an updated SWPPP. o The SWPPP will be updated, maintained, and implemented in accordance with Special Conditions S3, S4, and S9 of the CSWGP. As site work progresses the SWPPP will be modified routinely to reflect changing site conditions. The SWPPP will be reviewed monthly to ensure the content is current. Table 5 – Management X Design the project to fit the existing topography, soils, and drainage patterns X Emphasize erosion control rather than sediment control X Minimize the extent and duration of the area exposed X Keep runoff velocities low X Retain sediment on-site X Thoroughly monitor site and maintain all ESC measures X Schedule major earthwork during the dry season Other (please describe) 2.1.13 Element 13: Protect Low Impact Development (LID) BMPs Cyprus Lane 12 3.0 Pollution Prevention Team Table 7 – Team Information Title Name(s) Phone Number Certified Erosion and Sediment Control Lead (CESCL) TBD Resident Engineer Sheri Murata 425-885-7877 Emergency Ecology Contact Washington Emergency Management Division 1-800-258-5990 Emergency Permittee/ Owner Contact TBD Non-Emergency Owner Contact Bob Wenzl 206-714-6707 Monitoring Personnel TBD Ecology Regional Office Northwest 425-649-7000 Cyprus Lane 13 4.0 Monitoring and Sampling Requirements Monitoring includes visual inspection, sampling for water quality parameters of concern, and documentation of the inspection and sampling findings in a site log book. A site log book will be maintained for all on-site construction activities and will include: • A record of the implementation of the SWPPP and other permit requirements • Site inspections • Stormwater sampling data A blank form has been provided in Appendix D. The site log book must be maintained on-site within reasonable access to the site and be made available upon request to Ecology or the local jurisdiction. Numeric effluent limits may be required for certain discharges to 303(d) listed waterbodies. See CSWGP Special Condition S8 and Section 5 of this template. Complete the following paragraph for sites that discharge to impaired waterbodies for fine sediment, turbidity, phosphorus, or pH: All stormwater and dewatering discharges from the site are subject to an effluent limit of 8.5 su for pH and/or 25 NTU for turbidity. 4.1 Site Inspection Site inspections will be conducted at least once every calendar week and within 24 hours following any discharge from the site. For sites that are temporarily stabilized and inactive, the required frequency is reduced to once per calendar month. The discharge point(s) are indicated on the Site Map (see Appendix A) and in accordance with the applicable requirements of the CSWGP. 4.2 Stormwater Quality Sampling 4.2.1 Turbidity Sampling Requirements include calibrated turbidity meter or transparency tube to sample site discharges for compliance with the CSWGP. Sampling will be conducted at all discharge points at least once per calendar week. Method for sampling turbidity: Table 8 – Turbidity Sampling Method Turbidity Meter/Turbidimeter (required for disturbances 5 acres or greater in size) Cyprus Lane 14 X Transparency Tube (option for disturbances less than 1 acre and up to 5 acres in size) The benchmark for turbidity value is 25 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) and a transparency less than 33 centimeters. If the discharge’s turbidity is 26 to 249 NTU or the transparency is less than 33 cm but equal to or greater than 6 cm, the following steps will be conducted: 1. Review the SWPPP for compliance with Special Condition S9. Make appropriate revisions within 7 days of the date the discharge exceeded the benchmark. 2. Immediately begin the process to fully implement and maintain appropriate source control and/or treatment BMPs as soon as possible. Address the problems within 10 days of the date the discharge exceeded the benchmark. If installation of necessary treatment BMPs is not feasible within 10 days, Ecology may approve additional time when the Permittee requests an extension within the initial 10-day response period. 3. Document BMP implementation and maintenance in the site log book. If the turbidity exceeds 250 NTU or the transparency is 6 cm or less at any time, the following steps will be conducted: 1. Telephone or submit an electronic report to the applicable Ecology Region’s Environmental Report Tracking System (ERTS) within 24 hours. https://www.ecology.wa.gov/About-us/Get-involved/Report-an-environmental-issue • Central Region (Benton, Chelan, Douglas, Kittitas, Klickitat, Okanogan, Yakima): (509) 575-2490 • Eastern Region (Adams, Asotin, Columbia, Ferry, Franklin, Garfield, Grant, Lincoln, Pend Oreille, Spokane, Stevens, Walla Walla, Whitman): (509) 329-3400 • Northwest Region (King, Kitsap, Island, San Juan, Skagit, Snohomish, Whatcom): (425) 649-7000 • Southwest Region (Clallam, Clark, Cowlitz, Grays Harbor, Jefferson, Lewis, Mason, Pacific, Pierce, Skamania, Thurston, Wahkiakum,): (360) 407-6300 2. Immediately begin the process to fully implement and maintain appropriate source control and/or treatment BMPs as soon as possible. Address the problems within 10 days of the date the discharge exceeded the benchmark. If installation of necessary treatment BMPs is not feasible within 10 days, Ecology may approve additional time when the Permittee requests an extension within the initial 10-day response period 3. Document BMP implementation and maintenance in the site log book. 4. Continue to sample discharges daily until one of the following is true: • Turbidity is 25 NTU (or lower). • Transparency is 33 cm (or greater). • Compliance with the water quality limit for turbidity is achieved. o 1 - 5 NTU over background turbidity, if background is less than 50 NTU o 1% - 10% over background turbidity, if background is 50 NTU or greater Cyprus Lane 15 • The discharge stops or is eliminated. 4.2.2 pH Sampling pH monitoring is required for “Significant concrete work” (i.e. greater than 1000 cubic yards poured concrete or recycled concrete over the life of the project).The use of engineered soils (soil amendments including but not limited to Portland cement-treated base [CTB], cement kiln dust [CKD] or fly ash) also requires pH monitoring. For significant concrete work, pH sampling will start the first day concrete is poured and continue until it is cured, typically three (3) weeks after the last pour. For engineered soils and recycled concrete, pH sampling begins when engineered soils or recycled concrete are first exposed to precipitation and continues until the area is fully stabilized. If the measured pH is 8.5 or greater, the following measures will be taken: 1. Prevent high pH water from entering storm sewer systems or surface water. 2. Adjust or neutralize the high pH water to the range of 6.5 to 8.5 su using appropriate technology such as carbon dioxide (CO2) sparging (liquid or dry ice). 3. Written approval will be obtained from Ecology prior to the use of chemical treatment other than CO2 sparging or dry ice. Method for sampling pH: Table 8 – pH Sampling Method X pH meter pH test kit Wide range pH indicator paper Cyprus Lane 16 5.0 Discharges to 303(d) or Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Waterbodies 5.1 303(d) Listed Waterbodies Is the receiving water 303(d) (Category 5) listed for turbidity, fine sediment, phosphorus, or pH? No List the impairment(s): None All stormwater and dewatering discharges from the site are subject to an effluent limit of 8.5 su for pH and/or 25 NTU for turbidity. List and describe BMPs: None 5.2 TMDL Waterbodies Waste Load Allocation for CWSGP discharges: None List and describe BMPs: None Discharges to TMDL receiving waterbodies will meet in-stream water quality criteria at the point of discharge. The Construction Stormwater General Permit Proposed New Discharge to an Impaired Water Body form is included in Appendix F. Cyprus Lane 17 6.0 Reporting and Record Keeping 6.1 Record Keeping 6.1.1 Site Log Book A site log book will be maintained for all on-site construction activities and will include: • A record of the implementation of the SWPPP and other permit requirements • Site inspections • Sample logs 6.1.2 Records Retention Records will be retained during the life of the project and for a minimum of three (3) years following the termination of permit coverage in accordance with Special Condition S5.C of the CSWGP. Permit documentation to be retained on-site: • CSWGP • Permit Coverage Letter • SWPPP • Site Log Book Permit documentation will be provided within 14 days of receipt of a written request from Ecology. A copy of the SWPPP or access to the SWPPP will be provided to the public when requested in writing in accordance with Special Condition S5.G.2.b of the CSWGP. 6.1.3 Updating the SWPPP The SWPPP will be modified if: • Found ineffective in eliminating or significantly minimizing pollutants in stormwater discharges from the site. • There is a change in design, construction, operation, or maintenance at the construction site that has, or could have, a significant effect on the discharge of pollutants to waters of the State. The SWPPP will be modified within seven (7) days if inspection(s) or investigation(s) determine additional or modified BMPs are necessary for compliance. An updated timeline for BMP implementation will be prepared. Cyprus Lane 18 6.2 Reporting 6.2.1 Discharge Monitoring Reports Cumulative soil disturbance is one (1) acre or larger; therefore, Discharge Monitoring Reports (DMRs) will be submitted to Ecology monthly. If there was no discharge during a given monitoring period the DMR will be submitted as required, reporting “No Discharge”. The DMR due date is fifteen (15) days following the end of each calendar month. DMRs will be reported online through Ecology’s WQWebDMR System. 6.2.2 Notification of Noncompliance If any of the terms and conditions of the permit is not met, and the resulting noncompliance may cause a threat to human health or the environment, the following actions will be taken: 1. Ecology will be notified within 24-hours of the failure to comply by calling the applicable Regional office ERTS phone number (Regional office numbers listed below). 2. Immediate action will be taken to prevent the discharge/pollution or otherwise stop or correct the noncompliance. If applicable, sampling and analysis of any noncompliance will be repeated immediately and the results submitted to Ecology within five (5) days of becoming aware of the violation. 3. A detailed written report describing the noncompliance will be submitted to Ecology within five (5) days, unless requested earlier by Ecology. Anytime turbidity sampling indicates turbidity is 250 NTUs or greater, or water transparency is 6 cm or less, the Ecology Regional office will be notified by phone within 24 hours of analysis as required by Special Condition S5.A of the CSWGP. • Central Region at (509) 575-2490 for Benton, Chelan, Douglas, Kittitas, Klickitat, Okanogan, or Yakima County • Eastern Region at (509) 329-3400 for Adams, Asotin, Columbia, Ferry, Franklin, Garfield, Grant, Lincoln, Pend Oreille, Spokane, Stevens, Walla Walla, or Whitman County • Northwest Region at (425) 649-7000 for Island, King, Kitsap, San Juan, Skagit, Snohomish, or Whatcom County • Southwest Region at (360) 407-6300 for Clallam, Clark, Cowlitz, Grays Harbor, Jefferson, Lewis, Mason, Pacific, Pierce, Skamania, Thurston, or Wahkiakum Include the following information: 1. Your name and / Phone number 2. Permit number 3. City / County of project 4. Sample results Cyprus Lane 19 5. Date / Time of call 6. Date / Time of sample 7. Project name In accordance with Special Condition S4.D.5.b of the CSWGP, the Ecology Regional office will be notified if chemical treatment other than CO2 sparging is planned for adjustment of high pH water. Cyprus Lane 20 Appendix/Glossary Cyprus Lane 21 A. Site Map 5 10 25 2 ORCAS PL NENE 4TH PL NILE PL NENILE AVENUE NEORCAS AVENUE NEPASCO AVENUE NECYPRUS LANE CIVIL CONSTRUCTION PERMITIN COMPLIANCE WITH CITY OF RENTON STANDARDS PR22-XXXXXXC22-XXXXXXLUA-22-XXXXXXDESIGN 12100 NE 195th St, Suite 300 Bothell, Washington 98011 425.885.7877 CIVIL ENGINEERING LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE PLANNING SURVEYING PROJECT NO. 20134 8-11-22 CYPRUS LANE CIVIL CONSTRUCTION PERMITIN COMPLIANCE WITH CITY OF RENTON STANDARDS 8-11-22 PR22-XXXXXXC22-XXXXXXDESIGN 12100 NE 195th St, Suite 300 Bothell, Washington 98011 425.885.7877 CIVIL ENGINEERING LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE PLANNING SURVEYING PROJECT NO. 20134 LUA-22-XXXXXXTREE PROTECTION FENCING TREE PROTECTION MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION Cyprus Lane 23 B. BMP Detail The following BMP detail sheets are provided: BMP C103: High Visibility Fence BMP C105: Stabilized Consturction Access BMP C106: Wheel Wash BMP C120: Temporary and Permanent Seeding BMP C121: Mulching BMP C140: Dust Control BMP C151: Concrete Handling BMP C152: Sawcutting and Surfacing Pollution Prevention BMP C153: Material Delivery, Storage, and Containment BMP C154: Concrete Washout Area BMP C200: Intercepter Dike and Swale BMP C207: Check Dams BMP C220: Storm Drain Inlet Protection BMP C233: Silt Fence BMP C241: Temporary Sediment Pond BMP C252: Treating and Disposing of High pH Water BMP C253: pH Control for High pH Water BMP C103: High Visibility Fence Purpose Fencing is intended to: 1. Restrict clearing to approved limits. 2. Prevent disturbance of sensitive areas, their buffers, and other areas required to be left undisturbed. 3. Limit construction traffic to designated construction entrances, exits, or internal roads. 4. Protect areas where marking with survey tape may not provide adequate protection. Conditions of Use To establish clearing limits plastic, fabric, or metal fence may be used: • At the boundary of sensitive areas, their buffers, and other areas required to be left uncleared. • As necessary to control vehicle access to and on the site. Design and Installation Specifications High visibility plastic fence shall be composed of a high-density polyethylene material and shall be at least four feet in height. Posts for the fencing shall be steel or wood and placed every 6 feet on center (maximum) or as needed to ensure rigidity. The fencing shall be fastened to the post every six inches with a polyethylene tie. On long continuous lengths of fencing, a tension wire or rope shall be used as a top stringer to prevent sagging between posts. The fence color shall be high visibility orange. The fence tensile strength shall be 360 lbs./ft. using the ASTM D4595 testing method. If appropriate install fabric silt fence in accordance with BMP C233 to act as high visibility fence. Silt fence shall be at least 3 feet high and must be highly visible to meet the requirements of this BMP. Metal fences shall be designed and installed according to the manufacturer's specifications. Metal fences shall be at least 3 feet high and must be highly visible. Fences shall not be wired or stapled to trees. Maintenance Standards If the fence has been damaged or visibility reduced, it shall be repaired or replaced immediately and visibility restored. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 BMP C105: Stabilized Construction Entrance / Exit Purpose Stabilized Construction entrances are established to reduce the amount of sediment transported onto paved roads by vehicles or equipment. This is done by constructing a stabilized pad of quarry spalls at entrances and exits for construction sites. Conditions of Use Construction entrances shall be stabilized wherever traffic will be entering or leaving a construction site if paved roads or other paved areas are within 1,000 feet of the site. For residential construction provide stabilized construction entrances for each residence, rather than only at the main subdivision entrance. Stabilized surfaces shall be of sufficient length/width to provide vehicle access/parking, based on lot size/configuration. On large commercial, highway, and road projects, the designer should include enough extra materials in the contract to allow for additional stabilized entrances not shown in the initial Construction SWPPP. It is difficult to determine exactly where access to these projects will take place; additional materials will enable the contractor to install them where needed. Design and Installation Specifications See Figure 4.1.1 for details. Note: the 100’ minimum length of the entrance shall be reduced to the maximum practicable size when the size or configuration of the site does not allow the full length (100’). Construct stabilized construction entrances with a 12-inch thick pad of 4-inch to 8-inch quarry spalls, a 4-inch course of asphalt treated base (ATB), or use existing pavement. Do not use crushed concrete, cement, or calcium chloride for construction entrance stabilization because these products raise pH levels in stormwater and concrete discharge to surface waters of the State is prohibited. A separation geotextile shall be placed under the spalls to prevent fine sediment from pumping up into the rock pad. The geotextile shall meet the following standards: Grab Tensile Strength (ASTM D4751) 200 psi min. Grab Tensile Elongation (ASTM D4632) 30% max. Mullen Burst Strength (ASTM D3786-80a) 400 psi min. AOS (ASTM D4751) 20-45 (U.S. standard sieve size) • Consider early installation of the first lift of asphalt in areas that will paved; this can be used as a stabilized entrance. Also consider the installation of excess concrete as a stabilized entrance. During large concrete pours, excess concrete is often available for this purpose. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 •Fencing (see BMP C103) shall be installed as necessary to restrict traffic to the construction entrance. •Whenever possible, the entrance shall be constructed on a firm, compacted subgrade. This can substantially increase the effectivenessof the pad and reduce the need for maintenance. •Construction entrances should avoid crossing existing sidewalks andback of walk drains if at all possible. If a construction entrance must cross a sidewalk or back of walk drain, the full length of the sidewalkand back of walk drain must be covered and protected from sediment leaving the site. Maintenance Standards Quarry spalls shall be added if the pad is no longer in accordance with the specifications. •If the entrance is not preventing sediment from being tracked onto pavement, then alternative measures to keep the streets free ofsediment shall be used. This may include replacement/cleaning of the existing quarry spalls, street sweeping, an increase in the dimensionsof the entrance, or the installation of a wheel wash. •Any sediment that is tracked onto pavement shall be removed byshoveling or street sweeping. The sediment collected by sweeping shall be removed or stabilized on site. The pavement shall not becleaned by washing down the street, except when high efficiency sweeping is ineffective and there is a threat to public safety. If it isnecessary to wash the streets, the construction of a small sump to contain the wash water shall be considered. The sediment would thenbe washed into the sump where it can be controlled. •Perform street sweeping by hand or with a high efficiency sweeper. Donot use a non-high efficiency mechanical sweeper because this creates dust and throws soils into storm systems or conveyance ditches. •Any quarry spalls that are loosened from the pad, which end up on the roadway shall be removed immediately. •If vehicles are entering or exiting the site at points other than the construction entrance(s), fencing (see BMP C103) shall be installed tocontrol traffic. •Upon project completion and site stabilization, all constructionaccesses intended as permanent access for maintenance shall be permanently stabilized. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 Figure 4.1.1 – Stabilized Construction Entrance Approved as Equivalent Ecology has approved products as able to meet the requirements of BMP C105. The products did not pass through the Technology Assessment Protocol – Ecology (TAPE) process. Local jurisdictions may choose not to accept this product approved as equivalent, or may require additional testing prior to consideration for local use. The products are available for review on Ecology’s website at http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/stormwater/newtech/equivalent.html Driveway shall meet the requirements of the permitting agency It is recommended that the entrance be crowned so that runoff drains off the pad Provide full width of ingress/egress area 12” min. thickness Geotextile 4’ – 8” quarry spalls Install driveway culvert if there is a roadside ditch present FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 BMP C106: Wheel Wash Purpose Wheel washes reduce the amount of sediment transported onto paved roads by motor vehicles. Conditions of Use When a stabilized construction entrance (see BMP C105) is not preventing sediment from being tracked onto pavement. •Wheel washing is generally an effective BMP when installed with careful attention to topography. For example, a wheel wash can be detrimental if installed at the top of a slope abutting a right-of-way where the water from the dripping truck can run unimpeded into thestreet. •Pressure washing combined with an adequately sized and surfaced pad with direct drainage to a large 10-foot x 10-foot sump can be very effective. •Discharge wheel wash or tire bath wastewater to a separate on-sitetreatment system that prevents discharge to surface water, such asclosed-loop recirculation or upland land application, or to the sanitary sewer with local sewer district approval. •Wheel wash or tire bath wastewater should not include wastewater from concrete washout areas. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 Design and Installation Specifications Suggested details are shown in Figure 4.1.2. The Local Permitting Authority may allow other designs. A minimum of 6 inches of asphalt treated base (ATB) over crushed base material or 8 inches over a good subgrade is recommended to pave the wheel wash. Use a low clearance truck to test the wheel wash before paving. Either a belly dump or lowboy will work well to test clearance. Keep the water level from 12 to 14 inches deep to avoid damage to truck hubs and filling the truck tongues with water. Midpoint spray nozzles are only needed in extremely muddy conditions. Wheel wash systems should be designed with a small grade change, 6- to 12-inches for a 10-foot-wide pond, to allow sediment to flow to the low side of pond to help prevent re-suspension of sediment. A drainpipe with a 2- to 3-foot riser should be installed on the low side of the pond to allow for easy cleaning and refilling. Polymers may be used to promote coagulation and flocculation in a closed-loop system. Polyacrylamide (PAM) added to the wheel wash water at a rate of 0.25 - 0.5 pounds per 1,000 gallons of water increases effectiveness and reduces cleanup time. If PAM is already being used for dust or erosion control and is being applied by a water truck, the same truck can be used to change the wash water. Maintenance Standards The wheel wash should start out the day with fresh water. The wash water should be changed a minimum of once per day. On large earthwork jobs where more than 10-20 trucks per hour are expected, the wash water will need to be changed more often. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 Figure 4.1.2 – Wheel Wash Notes: 1. Asphalt construction entrance 6 in. asphalt treated base (ATB).2. 3-inch trash pump with floats on the suction hose. 3. Midpoint spray nozzles, if needed. 4. 6-inch sewer pipe with butterfly valves. Bottom one is a drain. Locate top pipe’s invert 1 foot above bottom of wheel wash. 5. 8 foot x 8 foot sump with 5 feet of catch. Build so the sump can be cleaned with atrackhoe. 6. Asphalt curb on the low road side to direct water back to pond. 7. 6-inch sleeve under road. 8.Ball valves. 9. 15 foot. ATB apron to protect ground from splashing water. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 BMP C120: Temporary and Permanent Seeding Purpose Seeding reduces erosion by stabilizing exposed soils. A well-established vegetative cover is one of the most effective methods of reducing erosion. Conditions of Use Use seeding throughout the project on disturbed areas that have reached final grade or that will remain unworked for more than 30 days. The optimum seeding windows for western Washington are April 1 through June 30 and September 1 through October 1. Between July 1 and August 30 seeding requires irrigation until 75 percent grass cover is established. Between October 1 and March 30 seeding requires a cover of mulch with straw or an erosion control blanket until 75 percent grass cover is established. Review all disturbed areas in late August to early September and complete all seeding by the end of September. Otherwise, vegetation will not establish itself enough to provide more than average protection. •Mulch is required at all times for seeding because it protects seeds from heat, moisture loss, and transport due to runoff. Mulch can beapplied on top of the seed or simultaneously by hydroseeding. See BMP C121: Mulching for specifications. •Seed and mulch, all disturbed areas not otherwise vegetated at final site stabilization. Final stabilization means the completion of all soil disturbing activities at the site and the establishment of a permanent vegetative cover, or equivalent permanent stabilization measures (such as pavement, riprap, gabions, or geotextiles) which will preventerosion. Design and Installation Specifications Seed retention/detention ponds as required. Install channels intended for vegetation before starting major earthwork and hydroseed with a Bonded Fiber Matrix. For vegetated channels that will have high flows, install erosion control blanketsover hydroseed. Before allowing water to flow in vegetated channels, establish 75 percent vegetation cover. If vegetated channels cannot be established by seed before water flow; install sod in the channel bottom—over hydromulch and erosion control blankets. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 •Confirm the installation of all required surface water control measures to prevent seed from washing away. •Hydroseed applications shall include a minimum of 1,500 pounds per acre of mulch with 3 percent tackifier. See BMP C121: Mulching forspecifications. •Areas that will have seeding only and not landscaping may need compost or meal-based mulch included in the hydroseed in order to establish vegetation. Re-install native topsoil on the disturbed soil surface before application. •When installing seed via hydroseeding operations, only about 1/3 of the seed actually ends up in contact with the soil surface. This reducesthe ability to establish a good stand of grass quickly. To overcome this, consider increasing seed quantities by up to 50 percent. •Enhance vegetation establishment by dividing the hydromulch operation into two phases: 1.Phase 1- Install all seed and fertilizer with 25-30 percent mulch and tackifier onto soil in the first lift. 2.Phase 2- Install the rest of the mulch and tackifier over the first lift. Or, enhance vegetation by: 1. Installing the mulch, seed, fertilizer, and tackifier in one lift. 2. Spread or blow straw over the top of the hydromulch at a rate of800-1000 pounds per acre. 3.Hold straw in place with a standard tackifier. Both of these approaches will increase cost moderately but will greatly improve and enhance vegetative establishment. The increased cost may be offset by the reduced need for: •Irrigation. •Reapplication of mulch. •Repair of failed slope surfaces. This technique works with standard hydromulch (1,500 pounds per acre minimum) and BFM/MBFMs (3,000 pounds per acre minimum). •Seed may be installed by hand if: •Temporary and covered by straw, mulch, or topsoil. •Permanent in small areas (usually less than 1 acre) and coveredwith mulch, topsoil, or erosion blankets. •The seed mixes listed in the tables below include recommended mixes for both temporary and permanent seeding. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 •Apply these mixes, with the exception of the wetland mix, at a rate of 120 pounds per acre. This rate can be reduced if soil amendments or slow-release fertilizers are used. •Consult the local suppliers or the local conservation district fortheir recommendations because the appropriate mix depends on avariety of factors, including location, exposure, soil type, slope, and expected foot traffic. Alternative seed mixes approved by the local authority may be used. •Other mixes may be appropriate, depending on the soil type andhydrology of the area. •Table 4.1.2 lists the standard mix for areas requiring a temporary vegetative cover. Table 4.1.2 Temporary Erosion Control Seed Mix % Weight % Purity % Germination Chewings or annual blue grass Festuca rubra var. commutata or Poa anna 40 98 90 Perennial rye - Lolium perenne 50 98 90 Redtop or colonial bentgrass Agrostis alba or Agrostis tenuis 5 92 85 White dutch clover Trifolium repens 5 98 90 •Table 4.1.3 lists a recommended mix for landscaping seed. Table 4.1.3 Landscaping Seed Mix % Weight % Purity % Germination Perennial rye blend Lolium perenne 70 98 90 Chewings and red fescue blend Festuca rubra var. commutata or Festuca rubra 30 98 90 FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 •Table 4.1.4 lists a turf seed mix for dry situations where there is no need for watering. This mix requires very little maintenance. Table 4.1.4 Low-Growing Turf Seed Mix % Weight % Purity % Germination Dwarf tall fescue (several varieties) Festuca arundinacea var. 45 98 90 Dwarf perennial rye (Barclay) Lolium perenne var. barclay 30 98 90 Red fescue Festuca rubra 20 98 90 Colonial bentgrass Agrostis tenuis 5 98 90 •Table 4.1.5 lists a mix for bioswales and other intermittently wet areas. Table 4.1.5 Bioswale Seed Mix* % Weight % Purity % Germination Tall or meadow fescue Festuca arundinacea or Festuca elatior 75-80 98 90 Seaside/Creeping bentgrass Agrostis palustris 10-15 92 85 Redtop bentgrass Agrostis alba or Agrostis gigantea 5-10 90 80 *Modified Briargreen, Inc. Hydroseeding Guide Wetlands Seed Mix FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 •Table 4.1.6 lists a low-growing, relatively non-invasive seed mix appropriate for very wet areas that are not regulated wetlands. Apply this mixture at a rate of 60 pounds per acre. Consult Hydraulic Permit Authority (HPA) for seed mixes if applicable. Table 4.1.6 Wet Area Seed Mix* % Weight % Purity % Germination Tall or meadow fescue Festuca arundinacea or Festuca elatior 60-70 98 90 Seaside/Creeping bentgrass Agrostis palustris 10-15 98 85 Meadow foxtail Alepocurus pratensis 10-15 90 80 Alsike clover Trifolium hybridum 1-6 98 90 Redtop bentgrass Agrostis alba 1-6 92 85 * Modified Briargreen, Inc. Hydroseeding Guide Wetlands Seed Mix •Table 4.1.7 lists a recommended meadow seed mix for infrequently maintained areas or non-maintained areas where colonization by nativeplants is desirable. Likely applications include rural road and utility right-of-way. Seeding should take place in September or very early October in order to obtain adequate establishment prior to the winter months. Consider the appropriateness of clover, a fairly invasive species, in the mix. Amending the soil can reduce the need for clover. Table 4.1.7 Meadow Seed Mix % Weight % Purity % Germination Redtop or Oregon bentgrass Agrostis alba or Agrostis oregonensis 20 92 85 Red fescue Festuca rubra 70 98 90 White dutch clover Trifolium repens 10 98 90 FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 • Roughening and Rototilling: • The seedbed should be firm and rough. Roughen all soil no matter what the slope. Track walk slopes before seeding if engineering purposes require compaction. Backblading or smoothing of slopes greater than 4H:1V is not allowed if they are to be seeded. • Restoration-based landscape practices require deeper incorporation than that provided by a simple single-pass rototilling treatment. Wherever practical, initially rip the subgrade to improve long-term permeability, infiltration, and water inflow qualities. At a minimum, permanent areas shall use soil amendments to achieve organic matter and permeability performance defined in engineered soil/landscape systems. For systems that are deeper than 8 inches complete the rototilling process in multiple lifts, or prepare the engineered soil system per specifications and place to achieve the specified depth. • Fertilizers: • Conducting soil tests to determine the exact type and quantity of fertilizer is recommended. This will prevent the over-application of fertilizer. • Organic matter is the most appropriate form of fertilizer because it provides nutrients (including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) in the least water-soluble form. • In general, use 10-4-6 N-P-K (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium) fertilizer at a rate of 90 pounds per acre. Always use slow-release fertilizers because they are more efficient and have fewer environmental impacts. Do not add fertilizer to the hydromulch machine, or agitate, more than 20 minutes before use. Too much agitation destroys the slow-release coating. • There are numerous products available that take the place of chemical fertilizers. These include several with seaweed extracts that are beneficial to soil microbes and organisms. If 100 percent cottonseed meal is used as the mulch in hydroseed, chemical fertilizer may not be necessary. Cottonseed meal provides a good source of long-term, slow-release, available nitrogen. • Bonded Fiber Matrix and Mechanically Bonded Fiber Matrix: • On steep slopes use Bonded Fiber Matrix (BFM) or Mechanically Bonded Fiber Matrix (MBFM) products. Apply BFM/MBFM products at a minimum rate of 3,000 pounds per acre of mulch with approximately 10 percent tackifier. Achieve a minimum of 95 percent soil coverage during application. Numerous products are available commercially. Installed products per manufacturer’s instructions. Most products require 24-36 hours to cure before rainfall and cannot be installed on wet or saturated soils. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 Generally, products come in 40-50 pound bags and include all necessary ingredients except for seed and fertilizer. •BFMs and MBFMs provide good alternatives to blankets in most areas requiring vegetation establishment. Advantages overblankets include: •BFM and MBFMs do not require surface preparation. •Helicopters can assist in installing BFM and MBFMs in remoteareas. •On slopes steeper than 2.5H:1V, blanket installers may requireropes and harnesses for safety. •Installing BFM and MBFMs can save at least $1,000 per acrecompared to blankets. Maintenance Standards Reseed any seeded areas that fail to establish at least 80 percent cover (100 percent cover for areas that receive sheet or concentrated flows). If reseeding is ineffective, use an alternate method such as sodding, mulching, or nets/blankets. If winter weather prevents adequate grass growth, this time limit may be relaxed at the discretion of the local authority when sensitive areas would otherwise be protected. •Reseed and protect by mulch any areas that experience erosion afterachieving adequate cover. Reseed and protect by mulch any eroded area. •Supply seeded areas with adequate moisture, but do not water to the extent that it causes runoff. Approved as Equivalent Ecology has approved products as able to meet the requirements of BMP C120. The products did not pass through the Technology Assessment Protocol – Ecology (TAPE) process. Local jurisdictions may choose not to accept this product approved as equivalent, or may require additional testing prior to consideration for local use. The products are available for review on Ecology’s website at http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/stormwater/newtech/equivalent.html. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 BMP C121: Mulching Purpose Mulching soils provides immediate temporary protection from erosion. Mulch also enhances plant establishment by conserving moisture, holding fertilizer, seed, and topsoil in place, and moderating soil temperatures. There is an enormous variety of mulches that can be used. This section discusses only the most common types of mulch. Conditions of Use As a temporary cover measure, mulch should be used: •For less than 30 days on disturbed areas that require cover. •At all times for seeded areas, especially during the wet season andduring the hot summer months. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 •During the wet season on slopes steeper than 3H:1V with more than 10 feet of vertical relief. Mulch may be applied at any time of the year and must be refreshed periodically. •For seeded areas mulch may be made up of 100 percent: cottonseed meal; fibers made of wood, recycled cellulose, hemp, kenaf; compost; or blends of these. Tackifier shall be plant-based, such as guar or alpha plantago, or chemical-based such as polyacrylamide or polymers. Any mulch or tackifier product used shall be installed per manufacturer’sinstructions. Generally, mulches come in 40-50 pound bags. Seed and fertilizer are added at time of application. Design and Installation Specifications For mulch materials, application rates, and specifications, see Table 4.1.8. Always use a 2-inch minimum mulch thickness; increase the thickness until the ground is 95% covered (i.e. not visible under the mulch layer). Note: Thickness may be increased for disturbed areas in or near sensitive areas or other areas highly susceptible to erosion. Where the option of “Compost” is selected, it should be a coarse compost that meets the following size gradations when tested in accordance with the U.S. Composting Council “Test Methods for the Examination of Compost and Composting” (TMECC) Test Method 02.02-B. Coarse Compost Minimum Percent passing 3” sieve openings 100% Minimum Percent passing 1” sieve openings 90% Minimum Percent passing ¾” sieve openings 70% Minimum Percent passing ¼” sieve openings 40% Mulch used within the ordinary high-water mark of surface waters should be selected to minimize potential flotation of organic matter. Composted organic materials have higher specific gravities (densities) than straw, wood, or chipped material. Consult Hydraulic Permit Authority (HPA) for mulch mixes if applicable. Maintenance Standards •The thickness of the cover must be maintained. •Any areas that experience erosion shall be remulched and/or protected with a net or blanket. If the erosion problem is drainage related, thenthe problem shall be fixed and the eroded area remulched. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 Table 4.1.8 Mulch Standards and Guidelines Mulch Material Quality Standards Application Rates Remarks Straw Air-dried; free from undesirable seed and coarse material. 2"-3" thick; 5 bales per 1,000 sf or 2-3 tons per acre Cost-effective protection when applied with adequate thickness. Hand-application generally requires greater thickness than blown straw. The thickness of straw may be reduced by half when used in conjunction with seeding. In windy areas straw must be held in place by crimping, using a tackifier, or covering with netting. Blown straw always has to be held in place with a tackifier as even light winds will blow it away. Straw, however, has several deficiencies that should be considered when selecting mulch materials. It often introduces and/or encourages the propagation of weed species and it has no significant long-term benefits. It should also not be used within the ordinary high-water elevation of surface waters (due to flotation). Hydromulch No growth inhibiting factors. Approx. 25-30 lbs per 1,000 sf or 1,500 - 2,000 lbs per acre Shall be applied with hydromulcher. Shall not be used without seed and tackifier unless the application rate is at least doubled. Fibers longer than about ¾-1 inch clog hydromulch equipment. Fibers should be kept to less than ¾ inch. Compost No visible water or dust during handling. Must be produced per WAC 173-350, Solid Waste Handling Standards, but may have up to 35% biosolids. 2" thick min.; approx. 100 tons per acre (approx. 800 lbs per yard) More effective control can be obtained by increasing thickness to 3". Excellent mulch for protecting final grades until landscaping because it can be directly seeded or tilled into soil as an amendment. Compost used for mulch has a coarser size gradation than compost used for BMP C125 or BMP T5.13 (see Chapter 5 of Volume V of this manual) It is more stable and practical to use in wet areas and during rainy weather conditions. Do not use near wetlands or near phosphorous impaired water bodies. Chipped Site Vegetation Average size shall be several inches. Gradations from fines to 6 inches in length for texture, variation, and interlocking properties. 2" thick min.; This is a cost-effective way to dispose of debris from clearing and grubbing, and it eliminates the problems associated with burning. Generally, it should not be used on slopes above approx. 10% because of its tendency to be transported by runoff. It is not recommended within 200 feet of surface waters. If seeding is expected shortly after mulch, the decomposition of the chipped vegetation may tie up nutrients important to grass establishment. Wood-based Mulch or Wood Straw No visible water or dust during handling. Must be purchased from a supplier with a Solid Waste Handling Permit or one exempt from solid waste regulations. 2” thick min.; approx. 100 tons per acre (approx. 800 lbs. per cubic yard) This material is often called “hog or hogged fuel.” The use of mulch ultimately improves the organic matter in the soil. Special caution is advised regarding the source and composition of wood-based mulches. Its preparation typically does not provide any weed seed control, so evidence of residual vegetation in its composition or known inclusion of weed plants or seeds should be monitored and prevented (or minimized). Wood Strand Mulch A blend of loose, long, thin wood pieces derived from native conifer or deciduous trees with high length-to-width ratio. 2” thick min. Cost-effective protection when applied with adequate thickness. A minimum of 95-percent of the wood strand shall have lengths between 2 and 10-inches, with a width and thickness between 1/16 and ⅜-inches. The mulch shall not contain resin, tannin, or other compounds in quantities that would be detrimental to plant life. Sawdust or wood shavings shall not be used as mulch. (WSDOT specification (9-14.4(4)) FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 BMP C140: Dust Control Purpose Dust control prevents wind transport of dust from disturbed soil surfaces onto roadways, drainage ways, and surface waters. Conditions of Use • In areas (including roadways) subject to surface and air movement of dust where on-site and off-site impacts to roadways, drainage ways, or surface waters are likely. Design and Installation Specifications •Vegetate or mulch areas that will not receive vehicle traffic. In areas where planting, mulching, or paving is impractical, apply gravel or landscaping rock. •Limit dust generation by clearing only those areas where immediate activity will take place, leaving the remaining area(s) in the original condition. Maintain the original ground cover as long as practical. •Construct natural or artificial windbreaks or windscreens. These may be designed as enclosures for small dust sources. •Sprinkle the site with water until surface is wet. Repeat as needed. To prevent carryout of mud onto street, refer to Stabilized Construction Entrance (BMP C105). •Irrigation water can be used for dust control. Irrigation systems should be installed as a first step on sites where dust control is a concern. •Spray exposed soil areas with a dust palliative, following the manufacturer’s instructions and cautions regarding handling and application. Used oil is prohibited from use as a dust suppressant. Local governments may approve other dust palliatives such as calcium chloride or PAM. •PAM (BMP C126) added to water at a rate of 0.5 lbs. per 1,000 gallons of water per acre and applied from a water truck is more effective than water alone. This is due to increased infiltration of water into the soil and reduced evaporation. In addition, small soil particles are bonded together and are not as easily transported by wind. AddingPAM may actually reduce the quantity of water needed for dust control. Use of PAM could be a cost-effective dust control method. Techniques that can be used for unpaved roads and lots include: •Lower speed limits. High vehicle speed increases the amount of dust stirred up from unpaved roads and lots. •Upgrade the road surface strength by improving particle size, shape, and mineral types that make up the surface and base materials. •Add surface gravel to reduce the source of dust emission. Limit the amount of fine particles (those smaller than .075 mm) to 10 to 20 percent. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 •Use geotextile fabrics to increase the strength of new roads or roads undergoing reconstruction. •Encourage the use of alternate, paved routes, if available. •Restrict use of paved roadways by tracked vehicles and heavy trucksto prevent damage to road surface and base. •Apply chemical dust suppressants using the admix method, blending the product with the top few inches of surface material. Suppressants may also be applied as surface treatments. •Pave unpaved permanent roads and other trafficked areas. •Use vacuum street sweepers. •Remove mud and other dirt promptly so it does not dry and then turn into dust. •Limit dust-causing work on windy days. •Contact your local Air Pollution Control Authority for guidance andtraining on other dust control measures. Compliance with the local AirPollution Control Authority constitutes compliance with this BMP. Maintenance Standards Respray area as necessary to keep dust to a minimum. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 BMP C151: Concrete Handling Purpose Concrete work can generate process water and slurry that contain fine particles and high pH, both of which can violate water quality standards in the receiving water. Concrete spillage or concrete discharge to surface waters of the State is prohibited. Use this BMP to minimize and eliminate concrete, concrete process water, and concrete slurry from entering waters of the state. Conditions of Use Any time concrete is used, utilize these management practices. Concrete construction projects include, but are not limited to, the following: •Curbs •Sidewalks •Roads •Bridges •Foundations •Floors •Runways Design and Installation •Assure that washout of concrete trucks, chutes, pumps, and internals is performed at an approved off-site location or in designated concrete FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 Specifications washout areas. Do not wash out concrete trucks onto the ground, or into storm drains, open ditches, streets, or streams. Refer to BMP C154 for information on concrete washout areas. •Return unused concrete remaining in the truck and pump to theoriginating batch plant for recycling. Do not dump excess concrete onsite, except in designated concrete washout areas. •Wash off hand tools including, but not limited to, screeds, shovels, rakes, floats, and trowels into formed areas only. •Wash equipment difficult to move, such as concrete pavers in areasthat do not directly drain to natural or constructed stormwaterconveyances. •Do not allow washdown from areas, such as concrete aggregate driveways, to drain directly to natural or constructed stormwater conveyances. •Contain washwater and leftover product in a lined container when no formed areas are available. Dispose of contained concrete in a manner that does not violate ground water or surface water quality standards. •Always use forms or solid barriers for concrete pours, such as pilings, within 15-feet of surface waters. •Refer to BMPs C252 and C253 for pH adjustment requirements. •Refer to the Construction Stormwater General Permit for pH monitoring requirements if the project involves one of the following activities: •Significant concrete work (greater than 1,000 cubic yards pouredconcrete or recycled concrete used over the life of a project). •The use of engineered soils amended with (but not limited to) Portland cement-treated base, cement kiln dust or fly ash. •Discharging stormwater to segments of water bodies on the 303(d) list (Category 5) for high pH. Maintenance Standards Check containers for holes in the liner daily during concrete pours and repair the same day. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 BMP C152: Sawcutting and Surfacing Pollution Prevention Purpose Sawcutting and surfacing operations generate slurry and process water that contains fine particles and high pH (concrete cutting), both of which can violate the water quality standards in the receiving water. Concrete spillage or concrete discharge to surface waters of the State is prohibited. Use this BMP to minimize and eliminate process water and slurry created through sawcutting or surfacing from entering waters of the State. Conditions of Use Utilize these management practices anytime sawcutting or surfacing operations take place. Sawcutting and surfacing operations include, but are not limited to, the following: •Sawing •Coring •Grinding •Roughening •Hydro-demolition •Bridge and road surfacing Design and Installation Specifications •Vacuum slurry and cuttings during cutting and surfacing operations. •Slurry and cuttings shall not remain on permanent concrete or asphalt pavement overnight. •Slurry and cuttings shall not drain to any natural or constructed drainage conveyance including stormwater systems. This may require temporarily blocking catch basins. •Dispose of collected slurry and cuttings in a manner that does not violate ground water or surface water quality standards. •Do not allow process water generated during hydro-demolition, surface roughening or similar operations to drain to any natural or constructed drainage conveyance including stormwater systems. Dispose process water in a manner that does not violate ground water or surface water quality standards. •Handle and dispose cleaning waste material and demolition debris in a manner that does not cause contamination of water. Dispose of sweeping material from a pick-up sweeper at an appropriate disposal site. Maintenance Standards Continually monitor operations to determine whether slurry, cuttings, or process water could enter waters of the state. If inspections show that a violation of water quality standards could occur, stop operations and immediately implement preventive measures such as berms, barriers, secondary containment, and vacuum trucks. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 BMP C153: Material Delivery, Storage and Containment Purpose Prevent, reduce, or eliminate the discharge of pollutants to the stormwater system or watercourses from material delivery and storage. Minimize the storage of hazardous materials on-site, store materials in a designated area, and install secondary containment. Conditions of Use These procedures are suitable for use at all construction sites with delivery and storage of the following materials: •Petroleum products such as fuel, oil and grease •Soil stabilizers and binders (e.g., Polyacrylamide) •Fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides •Detergents •Asphalt and concrete compounds •Hazardous chemicals such as acids, lime, adhesives, paints, solvents,and curing compounds •Any other material that may be detrimental if released to theenvironment Design and Installation Specifications The following steps should be taken to minimize risk: •Temporary storage area should be located away from vehicular traffic,near the construction entrance(s), and away from waterways or stormdrains. •Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) should be supplied for allmaterials stored. Chemicals should be kept in their original labeledcontainers. •Hazardous material storage on-site should be minimized. •Hazardous materials should be handled as infrequently as possible. •During the wet weather season (Oct 1 – April 30), consider storing materials in a covered area. •Materials should be stored in secondary containments, such as earthen dike, horse trough, or even a children’s wading pool for non-reactivematerials such as detergents, oil, grease, and paints. Small amounts of material may be secondarily contained in “bus boy” trays or concretemixing trays. •Do not store chemicals, drums, or bagged materials directly on theground. Place these items on a pallet and, when possible, and within secondary containment. •If drums must be kept uncovered, store them at a slight angle to reduce ponding of rainwater on the lids to reduce corrosion. Domed plasticcovers are inexpensive and snap to the top of drums, preventing water from collecting. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 Material Storage Areas and Secondary Containment Practices: •Liquids, petroleum products, and substances listed in 40 CFR Parts110, 117, or 302 shall be stored in approved containers and drums and shall not be overfilled. Containers and drums shall be stored intemporary secondary containment facilities. •Temporary secondary containment facilities shall provide for a spillcontainment volume able to contain 10% of the total enclosed container volume of all containers, or 110% of the capacity of thelargest container within its boundary, whichever is greater. •Secondary containment facilities shall be impervious to the materialsstored therein for a minimum contact time of 72 hours. •Secondary containment facilities shall be maintained free ofaccumulated rainwater and spills. In the event of spills or leaks, accumulated rainwater and spills shall be collected and placed intodrums. These liquids shall be handled as hazardous waste unless testing determines them to be non-hazardous. •Sufficient separation should be provided between stored containers to allow for spill cleanup and emergency response access. •During the wet weather season (Oct 1 – April 30), each secondary containment facility shall be covered during non-working days, priorto and during rain events. •Keep material storage areas clean, organized and equipped with anample supply of appropriate spill clean-up material (spill kit). •The spill kit should include, at a minimum: •1-Water Resistant Nylon Bag •3-Oil Absorbent Socks 3”x 4’ •2-Oil Absorbent Socks 3”x 10’ •12-Oil Absorbent Pads 17”x19” •1-Pair Splash Resistant Goggles •3-Pair Nitrile Gloves •10-Disposable Bags with Ties •Instructions FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 BMP C154: Concrete Washout Area Purpose Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to stormwater from concrete waste by conducting washout off-site, or performing on-site washout in a designated area to prevent pollutants from entering surface waters or ground water. Conditions of Use Concrete washout area best management practices are implemented on construction projects where: •Concrete is used as a construction material •It is not possible to dispose of all concrete wastewater and washoutoff-site (ready mix plant, etc.). •Concrete trucks, pumpers, or other concrete coated equipment are washed on-site. •Note: If less than 10 concrete trucks or pumpers need to be washed out on-site, the washwater may be disposed of in a formed area awaitingconcrete or an upland disposal site where it will not contaminate surface or ground water. The upland disposal site shall be at least 50 feet from sensitive areas such as storm drains, open ditches, or water bodies, including wetlands. Design and Installation Specifications Implementation The following steps will help reduce stormwater pollution from concrete wastes: •Perform washout of concrete trucks at an approved off-site location or in designated concrete washout areas only. •Do not wash out concrete trucks onto the ground, or into storm drains,open ditches, streets, or streams. •Do not allow excess concrete to be dumped on-site, except in designated concrete washout areas. •Concrete washout areas may be prefabricated concrete washout containers, or self-installed structures (above-grade or below-grade). •Prefabricated containers are most resistant to damage and protect against spills and leaks. Companies may offer delivery service and provide regular maintenance and disposal of solid and liquid waste. •If self-installed concrete washout areas are used, below-grade structures are preferred over above-grade structures because they areless prone to spills and leaks. •Self-installed above-grade structures should only be used if excavation is not practical. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 Education •Discuss the concrete management techniques described in this BMP with the ready-mix concrete supplier before any deliveries are made. •Educate employees and subcontractors on the concrete wastemanagement techniques described in this BMP. •Arrange for contractor’s superintendent or Certified Erosion and Sediment Control Lead (CESCL) to oversee and enforce concrete waste management procedures. •A sign should be installed adjacent to each temporary concretewashout facility to inform concrete equipment operators to utilize theproper facilities. Contracts Incorporate requirements for concrete waste management into concrete supplier and subcontractor agreements. Location and Placement •Locate washout area at least 50 feet from sensitive areas such as storm drains, open ditches, or water bodies, including wetlands. •Allow convenient access for concrete trucks, preferably near the area where the concrete is being poured. •If trucks need to leave a paved area to access washout, prevent track- out with a pad of rock or quarry spalls (see BMP C105). These areas should be far enough away from other construction traffic to reduce the likelihood of accidental damage and spills. •The number of facilities you install should depend on the expecteddemand for storage capacity. •On large sites with extensive concrete work, washouts should be placed in multiple locations for ease of use by concrete truck drivers. On-site Temporary Concrete Washout Facility, Transit Truck Washout Procedures: •Temporary concrete washout facilities shall be located a minimum of 50 ft from sensitive areas including storm drain inlets, open drainage facilities, and watercourses. See Figures 4.1.7 and 4.1.8. •Concrete washout facilities shall be constructed and maintained in sufficient quantity and size to contain all liquid and concrete wastegenerated by washout operations. •Washout of concrete trucks shall be performed in designated areas only. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 •Concrete washout from concrete pumper bins can be washed into concrete pumper trucks and discharged into designated washout area or properly disposed of off-site. •Once concrete wastes are washed into the designated area and allowedto harden, the concrete should be broken up, removed, and disposed ofper applicable solid waste regulations. Dispose of hardened concrete on a regular basis. •Temporary Above-Grade Concrete Washout Facility •Temporary concrete washout facility (type above grade) should beconstructed as shown on the details below, with a recommendedminimum length and minimum width of 10 ft, but with sufficient quantity and volume to contain all liquid and concrete waste generated by washout operations. •Plastic lining material should be a minimum of 10 milpolyethylene sheeting and should be free of holes, tears, or otherdefects that compromise the impermeability of the material. •Temporary Below-Grade Concrete Washout Facility •Temporary concrete washout facilities (type below grade) should be constructed as shown on the details below, with a recommendedminimum length and minimum width of 10 ft. The quantity and volume should be sufficient to contain all liquid and concrete waste generated by washout operations. •Lath and flagging should be commercial type. •Plastic lining material shall be a minimum of 10 mil polyethylenesheeting and should be free of holes, tears, or other defects thatcompromise the impermeability of the material. •Liner seams shall be installed in accordance with manufacturers’ recommendations. •Soil base shall be prepared free of rocks or other debris that maycause tears or holes in the plastic lining material. Maintenance Standards Inspection and Maintenance •Inspect and verify that concrete washout BMPs are in place prior to the commencement of concrete work. •During periods of concrete work, inspect daily to verify continued performance. •Check overall condition and performance. •Check remaining capacity (% full). •If using self-installed washout facilities, verify plastic liners areintact and sidewalls are not damaged. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 •If using prefabricated containers, check for leaks. •Washout facilities shall be maintained to provide adequate holding capacity with a minimum freeboard of 12 inches. •Washout facilities must be cleaned, or new facilities must beconstructed and ready for use once the washout is 75% full. •If the washout is nearing capacity, vacuum and dispose of the waste material in an approved manner. •Do not discharge liquid or slurry to waterways, storm drains or directly onto ground. •Do not use sanitary sewer without local approval. •Place a secure, non-collapsing, non-water collecting cover over the concrete washout facility prior to predicted wet weather to prevent accumulation and overflow of precipitation. •Remove and dispose of hardened concrete and return the structureto a functional condition. Concrete may be reused on-site or hauledaway for disposal or recycling. •When you remove materials from the self-installed concrete washout, build a new structure; or, if the previous structure is still intact, inspect for signs of weakening or damage, and make any necessary repairs.Re-line the structure with new plastic after each cleaning. Removal of Temporary Concrete Washout Facilities •When temporary concrete washout facilities are no longer required for the work, the hardened concrete, slurries and liquids shall be removed and properly disposed of. •Materials used to construct temporary concrete washout facilities shall be removed from the site of the work and disposed of or recycled. •Holes, depressions or other ground disturbance caused by the removal of the temporary concrete washout facilities shall be backfilled, repaired, and stabilized to prevent erosion. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 Figure 4.1.7a – Concrete Washout Area FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 Figure 4.1.7b – Concrete Washout Area Figure 4.1.8 – Prefabricated Concrete Washout Container w/Ramp FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 BMP C200: Interceptor Dike and Swale Purpose Provide a ridge of compacted soil, or a ridge with an upslope swale, at the top or base of a disturbed slope or along the perimeter of a disturbed construction area to convey stormwater. Use the dike and/or swale to intercept the runoff from unprotected areas and direct it to areas where erosion can be controlled. This can prevent storm runoff from entering the work area or sediment-laden runoff from leaving the construction site. Conditions of Use Where the runoff from an exposed site or disturbed slope must be conveyed to an erosion control facility which can safely convey the stormwater. •Locate upslope of a construction site to prevent runoff from entering disturbed area. •When placed horizontally across a disturbed slope, it reduces the amount and velocity of runoff flowing down the slope. •Locate downslope to collect runoff from a disturbed area and directwater to a sediment basin. Design and Installation Specifications •Dike and/or swale and channel must be stabilized with temporary or permanent vegetation or other channel protection during construction. •Channel requires a positive grade for drainage; steeper grades require channel protection and check dams. •Review construction for areas where overtopping may occur. •Can be used at top of new fill before vegetation is established. •May be used as a permanent diversion channel to carry the runoff. •Sub-basin tributary area should be one acre or less. •Design capacity for the peak volumetric flow rate calculated using a10-minute time step from a 10-year, 24-hour storm, assuming a Type 1A rainfall distribution, for temporary facilities. Alternatively, use 1.6 times the 10-year, 1-hour flow indicated by an approved continuous runoff model. For facilities that will also serve on a permanent basis, consult the local government’s drainage requirements. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 Interceptor dikes shall meet the following criteria: Top Width 2 feet minimum. Height 1.5 feet minimum on berm. Side Slope 2H:1V or flatter. Grade Depends on topography, however, dike system minimum is 0.5%, and maximum is 1%. Compaction Minimum of 90 percent ASTM D698 standard proctor. Horizontal Spacing of Interceptor Dikes: Average Slope Slope Percent Flowpath Length 20H:1V or less 3-5% 300 feet (10 to 20)H:1V 5-10% 200 feet (4 to 10)H:1V 10-25% 100 feet (2 to 4)H:1V 25-50% 50 feet Stabilization depends on velocity and reach Slopes <5% Seed and mulch applied within 5 days of dike construction (see BMP C121, Mulching). Slopes 5 - 40% Dependent on runoff velocities and dike materials. Stabilization should be done immediately using either sod or riprap or other measures to avoid erosion. •The upslope side of the dike shall provide positive drainage to the dike outlet. No erosion shall occur at the outlet. Provide energy dissipation measures as necessary. Sediment-laden runoff must be released through a sediment trapping facility. •Minimize construction traffic over temporary dikes. Use temporarycross culverts for channel crossing. Interceptor swales shall meet the following criteria: Bottom Width 2 feet minimum; the cross-section bottom shall be level. Depth 1-foot minimum. Side Slope 2H:1V or flatter. Grade Maximum 5 percent, with positive drainage to a suitable outlet (such as a sediment pond). Stabilization Seed as per BMP C120, Temporary and Permanent Seeding, or BMP C202, Channel Lining, 12 inches thick riprap pressed into the bank and extending at least 8 inches vertical from the bottom. •Inspect diversion dikes and interceptor swales once a week and after every rainfall. Immediately remove sediment from the flow area. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 •Damage caused by construction traffic or other activity must be repaired before the end of each working day. Check outlets and make timely repairs as needed to avoid gully formation. When the area below the temporary diversion dike is permanently stabilized, remove the dike and fill and stabilize the channel to blend with the natural surface. BMP C207: Check Dams Purpose Construction of small dams across a swale or ditch reduces the velocity of concentrated flow and dissipates energy at the check dam. Conditions of Use Where temporary channels or permanent channels are not yet vegetated, channel lining is infeasible, and/or velocity checks are required. •Check dams may not be placed in streams unless approved by the State Department of Fish and Wildlife. Check dams may not be placed inwetlands without approval from a permitting agency. •Do not place check dams below the expected backwater from any salmonid bearing water between October 1 and May 31 to ensure that there is no loss of high flow refuge habitat for overwintering juvenilesalmonids and emergent salmonid fry. •Construct rock check dams from appropriately sized rock. The rock used must be large enough to stay in place given the expected design flow through the channel. The rock must be placed by hand or by mechanical means (no dumping of rock to form dam) to achievecomplete coverage of the ditch or swale and to ensure that the center of the dam is lower than the edges. •Check dams may also be constructed of either rock or pea-gravel filled bags. Numerous new products are also available for this purpose. They tend to be re-usable, quick and easy to install, effective, and costefficient. •Place check dams perpendicular to the flow of water. •The dam should form a triangle when viewed from the side. This prevents undercutting as water flows over the face of the dam rather than falling directly onto the ditch bottom. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 •Before installing check dams impound and bypass upstream waterflow away from the work area. Options for bypassing include pumps, siphons, or temporary channels. •Check dams in association with sumps work more effectively at slowing flow and retaining sediment than just a check dam alone. A deep sump should be provided immediately upstream of the checkdam. •In some cases, if carefully located and designed, check dams can remain as permanent installations with very minor regrading. They may be left as either spillways, in which case accumulated sediment would be graded and seeded, or as check dams to prevent furthersediment from leaving the site. •The maximum spacing between the dams shall be such that the toe of the upstream dam is at the same elevation as the top of the downstream dam. •Keep the maximum height at 2 feet at the center of the dam. •Keep the center of the check dam at least 12 inches lower than the outer edges at natural ground elevation. •Keep the side slopes of the check dam at 2H:1V or flatter. •Key the stone into the ditch banks and extend it beyond the abutmentsa minimum of 18 inches to avoid washouts from overflow around the dam. •Use filter fabric foundation under a rock or sand bag check dam. If a blanket ditch liner is used, filter fabric is not necessary. A piece of organic or synthetic blanket cut to fit will also work for this purpose. •In the case of grass-lined ditches and swales, all check dams and accumulated sediment shall be removed when the grass has matured sufficiently to protect the ditch or swale - unless the slope of the swale is greater than 4 percent. The area beneath the check dams shall be seeded and mulched immediately after dam removal. •Ensure that channel appurtenances, such as culvert entrances below check dams, are not subject to damage or blockage from displaced stones. Figure 4.2.7 depicts a typical rock check dam. Maintenance Standards Check dams shall be monitored for performance and sediment accumulation during and after each runoff producing rainfall. Sediment shall be removed when it reaches one half the sump depth. •Anticipate submergence and deposition above the check dam and erosion from high flows around the edges of the dam. •If significant erosion occurs between dams, install a protective riprap liner in that portion of the channel. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 Approved as Equivalent Ecology has approved products as able to meet the requirements of BMP C207. The products did not pass through the Technology Assessment Protocol – Ecology (TAPE) process. Local jurisdictions may choose not to accept this product approved as equivalent, or may require additional testing prior to consideration for local use. The products are available for review on Ecology’s website at http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/stormwater/newtech/equivalent.html Figure 4.2.7 – Rock Check Dam FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 BMP C220: Storm Drain Inlet Protection Purpose Storm drain inlet protection prevents coarse sediment from entering drainage systems prior to permanent stabilization of the disturbed area. Conditions of Use Use storm drain inlet protection at inlets that are operational before permanent stabilization of the disturbed drainage area. Provide protection for all storm drain inlets downslope and within 500 feet of a disturbed or construction area, unless conveying runoff entering catch basins to a sediment pond or trap. Also consider inlet protection for lawn and yard drains on new home construction. These small and numerous drains coupled with lack of gutters in new home construction can add significant amounts of sediment into the roof drain system. If possible delay installing lawn and yard drains until just before landscaping or cap these drains to prevent sediment from entering the system until completion of landscaping. Provide 18-inches of sod around each finished lawn and yard drain. Table 4.2.2 lists several options for inlet protection. All of the methods for storm drain inlet protection tend to plug and require a high frequency of maintenance. Limit drainage areas to one acre or less. Possibly provide emergency overflows with additional end-of-pipe treatment where stormwater ponding would cause a hazard. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 Table 4.2.2 Storm Drain Inlet Protection Type of Inlet Protection Emergency Overflow Applicable for Paved/ Earthen Surfaces Conditions of Use Drop Inlet Protection Excavated drop inlet protection Yes, temporary flooding will occur Earthen Applicable for heavy flows. Easy to maintain. Large area Requirement: 30’ X 30’/acre Block and gravel drop inlet protection Yes Paved or Earthen Applicable for heavy concentrated flows. Will not pond. Gravel and wire drop inlet protection No Applicable for heavy concentrated flows. Will pond. Can withstand traffic. Catch basin filters Yes Paved or Earthen Frequent maintenance required. Curb Inlet Protection Curb inlet protection with a wooden weir Small capacity overflow Paved Used for sturdy, more compact installation. Block and gravel curb inlet protection Yes Paved Sturdy, but limited filtration. Culvert Inlet Protection Culvert inlet sediment trap 18 month expected life. Design and Installation Specifications Excavated Drop Inlet Protection - An excavated impoundment around the storm drain. Sediment settles out of the stormwater prior to entering the storm drain. •Provide a depth of 1-2 ft as measured from the crest of the inlet structure. •Slope sides of excavation no steeper than 2H:1V. •Minimum volume of excavation 35 cubic yards. •Shape basin to fit site with longest dimension oriented toward the longest inflow area. •Install provisions for draining to prevent standing water problems. •Clear the area of all debris. •Grade the approach to the inlet uniformly. •Drill weep holes into the side of the inlet. •Protect weep holes with screen wire and washed aggregate. •Seal weep holes when removing structure and stabilizing area. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 •Build a temporary dike, if necessary, to the down slope side of thestructure to prevent bypass flow. Block and Gravel Filter - A barrier formed around the storm drain inlet with standard concrete blocks and gravel. See Figure 4.2.8. •Provide a height of 1 to 2 feet above inlet. •Recess the first row 2-inches into the ground for stability. •Support subsequent courses by placing a 2x4 through the block opening. •Do not use mortar. •Lay some blocks in the bottom row on their side for dewatering the pool. •Place hardware cloth or comparable wire mesh with ½-inch openings over all block openings. •Place gravel just below the top of blocks on slopes of 2H:1V or flatter. •An alternative design is a gravel donut. •Provide an inlet slope of 3H:1V. •Provide an outlet slope of 2H:1V. •Provide a1-foot wide level stone area between the structure and the inlet. •Use inlet slope stones 3 inches in diameter or larger. •Use gravel ½- to ¾-inch at a minimum thickness of 1-foot for theoutlet slope. Figure 4.2.8 – Block and Gravel Filter Gravel and Wire Mesh Filter - A gravel barrier placed over the top of the inlet. This structure does not provide an overflow. •Use a hardware cloth or comparable wire mesh with ½-inch openings. •Use coarse aggregate. •Provide a height 1-foot or more, 18-inches wider than inlet on allsides. •Place wire mesh over the drop inlet so that the wire extends a minimum of 1-foot beyond each side of the inlet structure. •Overlap the strips if more than one strip of mesh is necessary. Ponding Height Notes: 1. Drop inlet sediment barriers are to be used for small, nearly level drainage areas. (less than 5%)2. Excavate a basin of sufficient size adjacent to the drop inlet.3. The top of the structure (ponding height) must be well below the ground elevation downslope to prevent runoff from bypassing the inlet. A temporary dike may be necessary on the downslope side of the structure. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 •Place coarse aggregate over the wire mesh. •Provide at least a 12-inch depth of gravel over the entire inlet opening and extend at least 18-inches on all sides. Catchbasin Filters – Use inserts designed by manufacturers for construction sites. The limited sediment storage capacity increases the amount of inspection and maintenance required, which may be daily for heavy sediment loads. To reduce maintenance requirements combine a catchbasin filter with another type of inlet protection. This type of inlet protection provides flow bypass without overflow and therefore may be a better method for inlets located along active rights-of-way. •Provides 5 cubic feet of storage. •Requires dewatering provisions. •Provides a high-flow bypass that will not clog under normal use at a construction site. •Insert the catchbasin filter in the catchbasin just below the grating. Curb Inlet Protection with Wooden Weir – Barrier formed around a curb inlet with a wooden frame and gravel. •Use wire mesh with ½-inch openings. •Use extra strength filter cloth. •Construct a frame. •Attach the wire and filter fabric to the frame. •Pile coarse washed aggregate against wire/fabric. •Place weight on frame anchors. Block and Gravel Curb Inlet Protection – Barrier formed around a curb inlet with concrete blocks and gravel. See Figure 4.2.9. •Use wire mesh with ½-inch openings. •Place two concrete blocks on their sides abutting the curb at either side of the inlet opening. These are spacer blocks. •Place a 2x4 stud through the outer holes of each spacer block to alignthe front blocks. •Place blocks on their sides across the front of the inlet and abutting the spacer blocks. •Place wire mesh over the outside vertical face. •Pile coarse aggregate against the wire to the top of the barrier. Curb and Gutter Sediment Barrier – Sandbag or rock berm (riprap and aggregate) 3 feet high and 3 feet wide in a horseshoe shape. See Figure 4.2.10. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 •Construct a horseshoe shaped berm, faced with coarse aggregate if using riprap, 3 feet high and 3 feet wide, at least 2 feet from the inlet. •Construct a horseshoe shaped sedimentation trap on the outside of the berm sized to sediment trap standards for protecting a culvert inlet. Maintenance Standards •Inspect catch basin filters frequently, especially after storm events. Clean and replace clogged inserts. For systems with clogged stone filters: pull away the stones from the inlet and clean or replace. An alternative approach would be to use the clogged stone as fill and put fresh stone around the inlet. •Do not wash sediment into storm drains while cleaning. Spread all excavated material evenly over the surrounding land area or stockpile and stabilize as appropriate. Approved as Equivalent Ecology has approved products as able to meet the requirements of BMP C220. The products did not pass through the Technology Assessment Protocol – Ecology (TAPE) process. Local jurisdictions may choose not to accept this product approved as equivalent, or may require additional testing prior to consideration for local use. The products are available for review on Ecology’s website at http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/stormwater/newtech/equivalent.html FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 Figure 4.2.9 – Block and Gravel Curb Inlet Protection A Plan View Wire Screen orFilter Fabric Catch Basin Curb Inlet Concrete Block Ponding Height Overflow 2x4 Wood Stud(100x50 Timber Stud) Concrete Block Wire Screen orFilter Fabric Curb Inlet ¾" Drain Gravel(20mm) ¾" Drain Gravel(20mm)Section A - A Back of Curb Concrete Block 2x4 Wood Stud Catch BasinBack of Sidewalk NOTES:1. Use block and gravel type sediment barrier when curb inlet is located in gently sloping street segment, where water can pond and allow sediment to separate from runoff.2. Barrier shall allow for overflow from severe storm event.3. Inspect barriers and remove sediment after each storm event. Sediment and gravel must be removedfrom the traveled way immediately. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 Figure 4.2.10 – Curb and Gutter Barrier FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 BMP C233: Silt Fence Purpose Use of a silt fence reduces the transport of coarse sediment from a construction site by providing a temporary physical barrier to sediment and reducing the runoff velocities of overland flow. See Figure 4.2.12 for details on silt fence construction. Conditions of Use Silt fence may be used downslope of all disturbed areas. •Silt fence shall prevent soil carried by runoff water from going beneath, through, or over the top of the silt fence, but shall allow thewater to pass through the fence. •Silt fence is not intended to treat concentrated flows, nor is it intended to treat substantial amounts of overland flow. Convey any concentrated flows through the drainage system to a sediment pond. •Do not construct silt fences in streams or use in V-shaped ditches. Siltfences do not provide an adequate method of silt control for anything deeper than sheet or overland flow. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 Figure 4.2.12 – Silt Fence Design and Installation Specifications •Use in combination with sediment basins or other BMPs. •Maximum slope steepness (normal (perpendicular) to fence line) 1H:1V. •Maximum sheet or overland flow path length to the fence of 100 feet. •Do not allow flows greater than 0.5 cfs. •The geotextile used shall meet the following standards. All geotextile properties listed below are minimum average roll values (i.e., the test result for any sampled roll in a lot shall meet or exceed the values shown in Table 4.2.3): Table 4.2.3 Geotextile Standards Polymeric Mesh AOS (ASTM D4751) 0.60 mm maximum for slit film woven (#30 sieve). 0.30 mm maximum for all other geotextile types (#50 sieve). 0.15 mm minimum for all fabric types (#100 sieve). Water Permittivity (ASTM D4491) 0.02 sec-1 minimum Grab Tensile Strength (ASTM D4632) 180 lbs. Minimum for extra strength fabric. 100 lbs minimum for standard strength fabric. Grab Tensile Strength (ASTM D4632) 30% maximum Ultraviolet Resistance (ASTM D4355) 70% minimum •Support standard strength fabrics with wire mesh, chicken wire, 2-inch x 2-inch wire, safety fence, or jute mesh to increase the strength of thefabric. Silt fence materials are available that have synthetic mesh backing attached. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 •Filter fabric material shall contain ultraviolet ray inhibitors and stabilizers to provide a minimum of six months of expected usable construction life at a temperature range of 0°F. to 120°F. •One-hundred percent biodegradable silt fence is available that isstrong, long lasting, and can be left in place after the project iscompleted, if permitted by local regulations. •Refer to Figure 4.2.12 for standard silt fence details. Include the following standard Notes for silt fence on construction plans and specifications: 1.The contractor shall install and maintain temporary silt fences at the locations shown in the Plans. 2. Construct silt fences in areas of clearing, grading, or drainage prior to starting those activities. 3.The silt fence shall have a 2-feet min. and a 2½-feet max. heightabove the original ground surface. 4.The filter fabric shall be sewn together at the point of manufacture to form filter fabric lengths as required. Locate all sewn seams at support posts. Alternatively, two sections of silt fence can be overlapped, provided the Contractor can demonstrate, to thesatisfaction of the Engineer, that the overlap is long enough and that the adjacent fence sections are close enough together to prevent silt laden water from escaping through the fence at the overlap. 5.Attach the filter fabric on the up-slope side of the posts and securewith staples, wire, or in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Attach the filter fabric to the posts in a manner that reduces the potential for tearing. 6.Support the filter fabric with wire or plastic mesh, dependent on the properties of the geotextile selected for use. If wire or plasticmesh is used, fasten the mesh securely to the up-slope side of the posts with the filter fabric up-slope of the mesh. 7. Mesh support, if used, shall consist of steel wire with a maximum mesh spacing of 2-inches, or a prefabricated polymeric mesh. The strength of the wire or polymeric mesh shall be equivalent to orgreater than 180 lbs. grab tensile strength. The polymeric mesh must be as resistant to the same level of ultraviolet radiation as the filter fabric it supports. 8.Bury the bottom of the filter fabric 4-inches min. below the ground surface. Backfill and tamp soil in place over the buried portion ofthe filter fabric, so that no flow can pass beneath the fence and scouring cannot occur. When wire or polymeric back-up support FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 mesh is used, the wire or polymeric mesh shall extend into the ground 3-inches min. 9.Drive or place the fence posts into the ground 18-inches min. A 12–inch min. depth is allowed if topsoil or other soft subgrade soilis not present and 18-inches cannot be reached. Increase fence post min. depths by 6 inches if the fence is located on slopes of 3H:1V or steeper and the slope is perpendicular to the fence. If required post depths cannot be obtained, the posts shall be adequately secured by bracing or guying to prevent overturning of the fencedue to sediment loading. 10. Use wood, steel or equivalent posts. The spacing of the support posts shall be a maximum of 6-feet. Posts shall consist of either: •Wood with dimensions of 2-inches by 2-inches wide min. anda 3-feet min. length. Wood posts shall be free of defects suchas knots, splits, or gouges. •No. 6 steel rebar or larger. •ASTM A 120 steel pipe with a minimum diameter of 1-inch. •U, T, L, or C shape steel posts with a minimum weight of 1.35 lbs./ft. •Other steel posts having equivalent strength and bending resistance to the post sizes listed above. 11.Locate silt fences on contour as much as possible, except at the ends of the fence, where the fence shall be turned uphill such that the silt fence captures the runoff water and prevents water from flowing around the end of the fence. 12. If the fence must cross contours, with the exception of the ends ofthe fence, place gravel check dams perpendicular to the back of the fence to minimize concentrated flow and erosion. The slope of the fence line where contours must be crossed shall not be steeper than 3H:1V. •Gravel check dams shall be approximately 1-foot deep at theback of the fence. Gravel check dams shall be continued perpendicular to the fence at the same elevation until the top of the check dam intercepts the ground surface behind the fence. •Gravel check dams shall consist of crushed surfacing basecourse, gravel backfill for walls, or shoulder ballast. Gravel check dams shall be located every 10 feet along the fence where the fence must cross contours. •Refer to Figure 4.2.13 for slicing method details. Silt fence installationusing the slicing method specifications: FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 1. The base of both end posts must be at least 2- to 4-inches above the top of the filter fabric on the middle posts for ditch checks to drain properly. Use a hand level or string level, if necessary, to mark base points before installation. 2.Install posts 3- to 4-feet apart in critical retention areas and 6- to 7- feet apart in standard applications. 3.Install posts 24-inches deep on the downstream side of the silt fence, and as close as possible to the filter fabric, enabling posts to support the filter fabric from upstream water pressure. 4.Install posts with the nipples facing away from the filter fabric. 5.Attach the filter fabric to each post with three ties, all spaced within the top 8-inches of the filter fabric. Attach each tie diagonally 45 degrees through the filter fabric, with each puncture at least 1-inch vertically apart. Each tie should be positioned tohang on a post nipple when tightening to prevent sagging. 6.Wrap approximately 6-inches of fabric around the end posts and secure with 3 ties. 7. No more than 24-inches of a 36-inch filter fabric is allowed above ground level. Compact the soil immediately next to the filter fabric with the front wheel of the tractor, skid steer, or roller exerting at least 60 pounds per square inch. Compact the upstream side first and then each side twice for a total of four trips. Check and correct the silt fence installation for any deviation before compaction. Use a flat-bladedshovel to tuck fabric deeper into the ground if necessary. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 Figure 4.2.13 – Silt Fence Installation by Slicing Method Maintenance Standards •Repair any damage immediately. •Intercept and convey all evident concentrated flows uphill of the silt fence to a sediment pond. •Check the uphill side of the fence for signs of the fence clogging and acting as a barrier to flow and then causing channelization of flowsparallel to the fence. If this occurs, replace the fence or remove thetrapped sediment. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 •Remove sediment deposits when the deposit reaches approximately one-third the height of the silt fence, or install a second silt fence. •Replace filter fabric that has deteriorated due to ultraviolet breakdown. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 BMP C241: Temporary Sediment Pond Purpose Sediment ponds remove sediment from runoff originating from disturbed areas of the site. Sediment ponds are typically designed to remove sediment no smaller than medium silt (0.02 mm). Consequently, they usually reduce turbidity only slightly. Conditions of Use Prior to leaving a construction site, stormwater runoff must pass through a sediment pond or other appropriate sediment removal best management practice. A sediment pond shall be used where the contributing drainage area is 3 acres or more. Ponds must be used in conjunction with erosion control practices to reduce the amount of sediment flowing into the basin. Design and Installation Specifications •Sediment basins must be installed only on sites where failure of the structure would not result in loss of life, damage to homes or buildings, or interruption of use or service of public roads or utilities.Also, sediment traps and ponds are attractive to children and can be very dangerous. Compliance with local ordinances regarding health and safety must be addressed. If fencing of the pond is required, the type of fence and its location shall be shown on the ESC plan. •Structures having a maximum storage capacity at the top of the dam of10 acre-ft (435,600 ft3) or more are subject to the Washington Dam Safety Regulations (Chapter 173-175 WAC). •See Figures 4.2.18, 4.2.19, and 4.2.20 for details. •If permanent runoff control facilities are part of the project, they should be used for sediment retention. The surface area requirementsof the sediment basin must be met. This may require temporarily enlarging the permanent basin to comply with the surface area requirements. The permanent control structure must be temporarily replaced with a control structure that only allows water to leave the pond from the surface or by pumping. The permanent control structuremust be installed after the site is fully stabilized. . •Use of infiltration facilities for sedimentation basins during construction tends to clog the soils and reduce their capacity to infiltrate. If infiltration facilities are to be used, the sides and bottom of the facility must only be rough excavated to a minimum of 2 feetabove final grade. Final grading of the infiltration facility shall occuronly when all contributing drainage areas are fully stabilized. The infiltration pretreatment facility should be fully constructed and used with the sedimentation basin to help prevent clogging. •Determining Pond Geometry Obtain the discharge from the hydrologic calculations of the peak flow for the 2-year runoff event (Q2). The 10-year peak flow shall be used if FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 the project size, expected timing and duration of construction, or downstream conditions warrant a higher level of protection. If no hydrologic analysis is required, the Rational Method may be used. Determine the required surface area at the top of the riser pipe with the equation: SA = 2 x Q2/0.00096 or 2080 square feet per cfs of inflow See BMP C240 for more information on the derivation of the surface area calculation. The basic geometry of the pond can now be determined using the following design criteria: •Required surface area SA (from Step 2 above) at top of riser. •Minimum 3.5-foot depth from top of riser to bottom of pond. •Maximum 3H:1V interior side slopes and maximum 2H:1V exteriorslopes. The interior slopes can be increased to a maximum of 2H:1V iffencing is provided at or above the maximum water surface. •One foot of freeboard between the top of the riser and the crest of the emergency spillway. •Flat bottom. •Minimum 1-foot deep spillway. •Length-to-width ratio between 3:1 and 6:1. •Sizing of Discharge Mechanisms. The outlet for the basin consists of a combination of principal and emergency spillways. These outlets must pass the peak runoffexpected from the contributing drainage area for a 100-year storm. If, due to site conditions and basin geometry, a separate emergency spill- way is not feasible, the principal spillway must pass the entire peak runoff expected from the 100-year storm. However, an attempt to provide a separate emergency spillway should always be made. Therunoff calculations should be based on the site conditions during construction. The flow through the dewatering orifice cannot be utilized when calculating the 100-year storm elevation because of its potential to become clogged; therefore, available spillway storage must begin at the principal spillway riser crest. The principal spillway designed by the procedures contained in this standard will result in some reduction in the peak rate of runoff. However, the riser outlet design will not adequately control the basin discharge to the predevelopment discharge limitations as stated in Minimum Requirement #7: Flow Control. However, if the basin for apermanent stormwater detention pond is used for a temporary FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 sedimentation basin, the control structure for the permanent pond can be used to maintain predevelopment discharge limitations. The size of the basin, the expected life of the construction project, the anticipated downstream effects and the anticipated weather conditions during construction, should be considered to determine the need of additional discharge control. See Figure 4.2.21 for riser inflow curves. Figure 4.2.18 – Sediment Pond Plan View Figure 4.2.19 – Sediment Pond Cross Section FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 Perforated polyethylenedrainage tubing, diametermin. 2" larger thandewatering orifice.Tubing shall comply with ASTM F667 and AASHTO M294 Polyethylene cap Provide adequatestrapping Dewatering orifice, schedule,40 steel stub min.Diameter as per calculations Alternatively, metal stakesand wire may be used toprevent flotation 2X riser dia. Min. Concrete base Corrugatedmetal riser Watertightcoupling 18" min. 6" min. Tack weld 3.5" min. Figure 4.2.20 – Sediment Pond Riser Detail FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 Figure 4.2.21 – Riser Inflow Curves FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 Principal Spillway: Determine the required diameter for the principal spillway (riser pipe). The diameter shall be the minimum necessary to pass the site’s 15-minute, 10-year flowrate. If using the Western Washington Hydrology Model (WWHM), Version 2 or 3, design flow is the 10-year (1 hour) flow for the developed (unmitigated) site, multiplied by a factor of 1.6. Use Figure 4.2.21 to determine this diameter (h = 1-foot). Note: A permanent control structure may be used instead of a temporary riser. Emergency Overflow Spillway: Determine the required size and design of the emergency overflow spillway for the developed 100-year peak flow using the method contained in Volume III. Dewatering Orifice: Determine the size of the dewatering orifice(s) (minimum 1-inch diameter) using a modified version of the discharge equation for a vertical orifice and a basic equation for the area of a circular orifice. Determine the required area of the orifice with the following equation: 5.0 5.0 3600x6.0 )2( Tg hAAso= where Ao = orifice area (square feet) As = pond surface area (square feet) h = head of water above orifice (height of riser in feet) T = dewatering time (24 hours) g = acceleration of gravity (32.2 feet/second2) Convert the required surface area to the required diameter D of the orifice: ooAADx54.13x24==π The vertical, perforated tubing connected to the dewatering orifice must be at least 2 inches larger in diameter than the orifice to improve flow characteristics. The size and number of perforations in the tubing should be large enough so that the tubing does not restrict flow. The orifice should control the flow rate. •Additional Design Specifications The pond shall be divided into two roughly equal volume cells by a permeable divider that will reduce turbulence while allowingmovement of water between cells. The divider shall be at least one-half the height of the riser and a minimum of one foot below the top of the riser. Wire-backed, 2- to 3-foot high, extra strength filter fabric supported by treated 4"x4"s can be used as a divider. Alternatively, staked straw bales wrapped with filter fabric (geotextile) may be used.If the pond is more than 6 feet deep, a different mechanism must beproposed. A riprap embankment is one acceptable method of FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 separation for deeper ponds. Other designs that satisfy the intent of this provision are allowed as long as the divider is permeable, structurally sound, and designed to prevent erosion under or around the barrier. To aid in determining sediment depth, one-foot intervals shall be prominently marked on the riser. If an embankment of more than 6 feet is proposed, the pond must comply with the criteria contained in Volume III regarding dam safety for detention BMPs. •The most common structural failure of sedimentation basins is causedby piping. Piping refers to two phenomena: (1) water seeping throughfine-grained soil, eroding the soil grain by grain and forming pipes or tunnels; and, (2) water under pressure flowing upward through a granular soil with a head of sufficient magnitude to cause soil grains to lose contact and capability for support. The most critical construction sequences to prevent piping will be: 1.Tight connections between riser and barrel and other pipe connections. 2.Adequate anchoring of riser. 3. Proper soil compaction of the embankment and riser footing. 4.Proper construction of anti-seep devices. Maintenance Standards •Sediment shall be removed from the pond when it reaches 1–foot in depth. •Any damage to the pond embankments or slopes shall be repaired. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 BMP C252: High pH Neutralization Using CO2 Purpose When pH levels in stormwater rise above 8.5 it is necessary to lower the pH levels to the acceptable range of 6.5 to 8.5, this process is called pH neutralization. pH neutralization involves the use of solid or compressed carbon dioxide gas in water requiring neutralization. Neutralized stormwater may be discharged to surface waters under the General Construction NPDES permit. Neutralized process water such as concrete truck wash-out, hydro- demolition, or saw-cutting slurry must be managed to prevent discharge to surface waters. Any stormwater contaminated during concrete work is considered process wastewater and must not be discharged to surface waters. Reason for pH Neutralization: A pH level range of 6.5 to 8.5 is typical for most natural watercourses, and this neutral pH is required for the survival of aquatic organisms. Should the pH rise or drop out of this range, fish and other aquatic organisms may become stressed and may die. Calcium hardness can contribute to high pH values and cause toxicity that is associated with high pH conditions. A high level of calcium hardness in waters of the state is not allowed. The water quality standard for pH in Washington State is in the range of 6.5 to 8.5. Ground water standard for calcium and other dissolved solids in Washington State is less than 500 mg/l. Conditions of Use Causes of High pH: High pH at construction sites is most commonly caused by the contact of stormwater with poured or recycled concrete, cement, mortars, and other Portland cement or lime containing construction materials. (See BMP C151: Concrete Handling for more information on concrete handling procedures). The principal caustic agent in cement is calcium hydroxide (free lime). Advantages of CO2 Sparging: •Rapidly neutralizes high pH water. •Cost effective and safer to handle than acid compounds. •CO2 is self-buffering. It is difficult to overdose and create harmfullylow pH levels. •Material is readily available. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 The Chemical Process: When carbon dioxide (CO2) is added to water (H2O), carbonic acid (H2CO3) is formed which can further dissociate into a proton (H+) and a bicarbonate anion (HCO3-) as shown below: CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3- The free proton is a weak acid that can lower the pH. Water temperature has an effect on the reaction as well. The colder the water temperature is the slower the reaction occurs and the warmer the water temperature is the quicker the reaction occurs. Most construction applications in Washington State have water temperatures in the 50°F or higher range so the reaction is almost simultaneous. Design and Installation Specifications Treatment Process: High pH water may be treated using continuous treatment, continuous discharge systems. These manufactured systems continuously monitor influent and effluent pH to ensure that pH values are within an acceptable range before being discharged. All systems must have fail safe automatic shut off switches in the event that pH is not within the acceptable discharge range. Only trained operators may operate manufactured systems. System manufacturers often provide trained operators or training on their devices. The following procedure may be used when not using a continuous discharge system: 1. Prior to treatment, the appropriate jurisdiction should be notified in accordance with the regulations set by the jurisdiction. 2. Every effort should be made to isolate the potential high pH water inorder to treat it separately from other stormwater on-site. 3. Water should be stored in an acceptable storage facility, detention pond, or containment cell prior to treatment. 4.Transfer water to be treated to the treatment structure. Ensure that treatment structure size is sufficient to hold the amount of water that isto be treated. Do not fill tank completely, allow at least 2 feet offreeboard. 5. The operator samples the water for pH and notes the clarity of the water. As a rule of thumb, less CO2 is necessary for clearer water. This information should be recorded. 6. In the pH adjustment structure, add CO2 until the pH falls in the rangeof 6.9-7.1. Remember that pH water quality standards apply so adjusting pH to within 0.2 pH units of receiving water (background pH) is recommended. It is unlikely that pH can be adjusted to within 0.2 pH units using dry ice. Compressed carbon dioxide gas should beintroduced to the water using a carbon dioxide diffuser located near FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 the bottom of the tank, this will allow carbon dioxide to bubble up through the water and diffuse more evenly. 7.Slowly discharge the water making sure water does not get stirred up in the process. Release about 80% of the water from the structureleaving any sludge behind. 8. Discharge treated water through a pond or drainage system. 9. Excess sludge needs to be disposed of properly as concrete waste. If several batches of water are undergoing pH treatment, sludge can be left in treatment structure for the next batch treatment. Dispose ofsludge when it fills 50% of tank volume. Sites that must implement flow control for the developed site must also control stormwater release rates during construction. All treated stormwater must go through a flow control facility before being released to surface waters which require flow control. Maintenance Standards Safety and Materials Handling: •All equipment should be handled in accordance with OSHA rules and regulations. •Follow manufacturer guidelines for materials handling. Operator Records: Each operator should provide: •A diagram of the monitoring and treatment equipment. •A description of the pumping rates and capacity the treatment equipment is capable of treating. Each operator should keep a written record of the following: •Client name and phone number. •Date of treatment. •Weather conditions. •Project name and location. •Volume of water treated. •pH of untreated water. •Amount of CO2 needed to adjust water to a pH range of 6.9-7.1. •pH of treated water. •Discharge point location and description. A copy of this record should be given to the client/contractor who should retain the record for three years. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 BMP C253: pH Control for High pH Water Purpose When pH levels in stormwater rise above 8.5 it is necessary to lower the pH levels to the acceptable range of 6.5 to 8.5, this process is called pH neutralization. Stormwater with pH levels exceeding water quality standards may be treated by infiltration, dispersion in vegetation or compost, pumping to a sanitary sewer, disposal at a permitted concrete batch plant with pH neutralization capabilities, or carbon dioxide sparging. BMP C252 gives guidelines for carbon dioxide sparging. Reason for pH Neutralization: A pH level range of 6.5 to 8.5 is typical for most natural watercourses, and this pH range is required for the survival of aquatic organisms. Should the pH rise or drop out of this range, fish and other aquatic organisms may become stressed and may die. Conditions of Use Causes of High pH: High pH levels at construction sites are most commonly caused by the contact of stormwater with poured or recycled concrete, cement, mortars, and other Portland cement or lime containing construction materials. (See BMP C151: Concrete Handling for more information on concrete handling procedures). The principal caustic agent in cement is calcium hydroxide (free lime). Design and Installation Specifications Disposal Methods: Infiltration •Infiltration is only allowed if soil type allows all water to infiltrate (no surface runoff) without causing or contributing to a violation ofsurface or ground water quality standards. •Infiltration techniques should be consistent with Volume V, Chapter 7 Dispersion Use BMP T5.30 Full Dispersion Sanitary Sewer Disposal •Local sewer authority approval is required prior to disposal via the sanitary sewer. Concrete Batch Plant Disposal •Only permitted facilities may accept high pH water. •Facility should be contacted before treatment to ensure they can acceptthe high pH water. Stormwater Discharge Any pH treatment options that generate treated water that must be discharged off site are subject to flow control requirements. Sites that must implement flow control for the developed site must also control FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 stormwater release rates during construction. All treated stormwater must go through a flow control facility before being released to surface waters which require flow control. FROM: Volume II - Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention - December 2014 Cyprus Lane 25 C. Correspondence Cyprus Lane 26 D. Site Inspection Form Construction Stormwater Site Inspection Form Page 1 Project Name Permit # Inspection Date Time Name of Certified Erosion Sediment Control Lead (CESCL) or qualified inspector if less than one acre Print Name: Approximate rainfall amount since the last inspection (in inches): Approximate rainfall amount in the last 24 hours (in inches): Current Weather Clear Cloudy Mist Rain Wind Fog A. Type of inspection: Weekly Post Storm Event Other B. Phase of Active Construction (check all that apply): Pre Construction/installation of erosion/sediment controls Clearing/Demo/Grading Infrastructure/storm/roads Concrete pours Vertical Construction/buildings Utilities Offsite improvements Site temporary stabilized Final stabilization C. Questions: 1. Were all areas of construction and discharge points inspected? Yes No 2. Did you observe the presence of suspended sediment, turbidity, discoloration, or oil sheen Yes No 3. Was a water quality sample taken during inspection? (refer to permit conditions S4 & S5) Yes No 4. Was there a turbid discharge 250 NTU or greater, or Transparency 6 cm or less?* Yes No 5. If yes to #4 was it reported to Ecology? Yes No 6. Is pH sampling required? pH range required is 6.5 to 8.5. Yes No If answering yes to a discharge, describe the event. Include when, where, and why it happened; what action was taken, and when. *If answering yes to # 4 record NTU/Transparency with continual sampling daily until turbidity is 25 NTU or less/ transparency is 33 cm or greater. Sampling Results: Date: Parameter Method (circle one) Result Other/Note NTU cm pH Turbidity tube, meter, laboratory pH Paper, kit, meter Construction Stormwater Site Inspection Form Page 2 D. Check the observed status of all items. Provide “Action Required “details and dates. Element # Inspection BMPs Inspected BMP needs maintenance BMP failed Action required (describe in section F) yes no n/a 1 Clearing Limits Before beginning land disturbing activities are all clearing limits, natural resource areas (streams, wetlands, buffers, trees) protected with barriers or similar BMPs? (high visibility recommended) 2 Construction Access Construction access is stabilized with quarry spalls or equivalent BMP to prevent sediment from being tracked onto roads? Sediment tracked onto the road way was cleaned thoroughly at the end of the day or more frequent as necessary. 3 Control Flow Rates Are flow control measures installed to control stormwater volumes and velocity during construction and do they protect downstream properties and waterways from erosion? If permanent infiltration ponds are used for flow control during construction, are they protected from siltation? 4 Sediment Controls All perimeter sediment controls (e.g. silt fence, wattles, compost socks, berms, etc.) installed, and maintained in accordance with the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). Sediment control BMPs (sediment ponds, traps, filters etc.) have been constructed and functional as the first step of grading. Stormwater runoff from disturbed areas is directed to sediment removal BMP. 5 Stabilize Soils Have exposed un-worked soils been stabilized with effective BMP to prevent erosion and sediment deposition? Construction Stormwater Site Inspection Form Page 3 Element # Inspection BMPs Inspected BMP needs maintenance BMP failed Action required (describe in section F) yes no n/a 5 Stabilize Soils Cont. Are stockpiles stabilized from erosion, protected with sediment trapping measures and located away from drain inlet, waterways, and drainage channels? Have soils been stabilized at the end of the shift, before a holiday or weekend if needed based on the weather forecast? 6 Protect Slopes Has stormwater and ground water been diverted away from slopes and disturbed areas with interceptor dikes, pipes and or swales? Is off-site storm water managed separately from stormwater generated on the site? Is excavated material placed on uphill side of trenches consistent with safety and space considerations? Have check dams been placed at regular intervals within constructed channels that are cut down a slope? 7 Drain Inlets Storm drain inlets made operable during construction are protected. Are existing storm drains within the influence of the project protected? 8 Stabilize Channel and Outlets Have all on-site conveyance channels been designed, constructed and stabilized to prevent erosion from expected peak flows? Is stabilization, including armoring material, adequate to prevent erosion of outlets, adjacent stream banks, slopes and downstream conveyance systems? 9 Control Pollutants Are waste materials and demolition debris handled and disposed of to prevent contamination of stormwater? Has cover been provided for all chemicals, liquid products, petroleum products, and other material? Has secondary containment been provided capable of containing 110% of the volume? Were contaminated surfaces cleaned immediately after a spill incident? Were BMPs used to prevent contamination of stormwater by a pH modifying sources? Construction Stormwater Site Inspection Form Page 4 Element # Inspection BMPs Inspected BMP needs maintenance BMP failed Action required (describe in section F) yes no n/a 9 Cont. Wheel wash wastewater is handled and disposed of properly. 10 Control Dewatering Concrete washout in designated areas. No washout or excess concrete on the ground. Dewatering has been done to an approved source and in compliance with the SWPPP. Were there any clean non turbid dewatering discharges? 11 Maintain BMP Are all temporary and permanent erosion and sediment control BMPs maintained to perform as intended? 12 Manage the Project Has the project been phased to the maximum degree practicable? Has regular inspection, monitoring and maintenance been performed as required by the permit? Has the SWPPP been updated, implemented and records maintained? 13 Protect LID Is all Bioretention and Rain Garden Facilities protected from sedimentation with appropriate BMPs? Is the Bioretention and Rain Garden protected against over compaction of construction equipment and foot traffic to retain its infiltration capabilities? Permeable pavements are clean and free of sediment and sediment laden- water runoff. Muddy construction equipment has not been on the base material or pavement. Have soiled permeable pavements been cleaned of sediments and pass infiltration test as required by stormwater manual methodology? Heavy equipment has been kept off existing soils under LID facilities to retain infiltration rate. E. Check all areas that have been inspected. All in place BMPs All disturbed soils All concrete wash out area All material storage areas All discharge locations All equipment storage areas All construction entrances/exits Construction Stormwater Site Inspection Form Page 5 F. Elements checked “Action Required” (section D) describe corrective action to be taken. List the element number; be specific on location and work needed. Document, initial, and date when the corrective action has been completed and inspected. Element # Description and Location Action Required Completion Date Initials Attach additional page if needed Sign the following certification: “I certify that this report is true, accurate, and complete, to the best of my knowledge and belief” Inspected by: (print) (Signature) Date: Title/Qualification of Inspector: Cyprus Lane 28 E. Construction Stormwater General Permit (CSWGP) Issuance Date: Effective Date: Expiration Date: November 18, 2015 January I, 2016 December 31, 2020 Modification Issuance Date: March 22, 2017 Modification Effective Date: May 5, 2017 CONSTRUCTION STORMW ATER GENERAL PERMIT National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) and State Waste Discharge General Permit for Stormwater Discharges Associated with Construction Activity State of Washington Department of Ecology Olympia, Washington 98504 In compliance with the provisions of Chapter 90.48 Revised Code of Washington (State of Washington Water Pollution Control Act) and Title 33 United States Code, Section 1251 et seq. The Federal Water Pollution Control Act (The Clean Water Act) Until this permit expires, is modified, or revoked, Permittees that have properly obtained coverage under this general permit are authorized to discharge in accordance with the special and general conditions that follow. her R. Bartlett Wa r Quality Program Manager Washington State Department of Ecology Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ...........................................................................................................................3 SUMMARY OF PERMIT REPORT SUBMITTALS .....................................................................4 SPECIAL CONDITIONS ................................................................................................................5 S1. PERMIT COVERAGE ........................................................................................................5 S2. APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................................8 S3. COMPLIANCE WITH STANDARDS .............................................................................12 S4. MONITORING REQUIREMENTS, BENCHMARKS, AND REPORTING TRIGGERS ................................................................................................13 S5. REPORTING AND RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS .........................................20 S6. PERMIT FEES...................................................................................................................23 S7. SOLID AND LIQUID WASTE DISPOSAL ....................................................................23 S8. DISCHARGES TO 303(d) OR TMDL WATERBODIES ................................................23 S9. STORMWATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN...................................................27 S10. NOTICE OF TERMINATION .........................................................................................37 GENERAL CONDITIONS ...........................................................................................................38 G1. DISCHARGE VIOLATIONS ...........................................................................................38 G2. SIGNATORY REQUIREMENTS.....................................................................................38 G3. RIGHT OF INSPECTION AND ENTRY .........................................................................39 G4. GENERAL PERMIT MODIFICATION AND REVOCATION ......................................39 G5. REVOCATION OF COVERAGE UNDER THE PERMIT .............................................39 G6. REPORTING A CAUSE FOR MODIFICATION ............................................................40 G7. COMPLIANCE WITH OTHER LAWS AND STATUTES .............................................40 G8. DUTY TO REAPPLY .......................................................................................................40 G9. TRANSFER OF GENERAL PERMIT COVERAGE .......................................................41 G10. REMOVED SUBSTANCES .............................................................................................41 G11. DUTY TO PROVIDE INFORMATION ...........................................................................41 G12. OTHER REQUIREMENTS OF 40 CFR ...........................................................................41 G13. ADDITIONAL MONITORING ........................................................................................41 G14. PENALTIES FOR VIOLATING PERMIT CONDITIONS .............................................41 G15. UPSET ...............................................................................................................................42 G16. PROPERTY RIGHTS ........................................................................................................42 Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 3 G17. DUTY TO COMPLY ........................................................................................................42 G18. TOXIC POLLUTANTS.....................................................................................................42 G19. PENALTIES FOR TAMPERING .....................................................................................43 G20. REPORTING PLANNED CHANGES .............................................................................43 G21. REPORTING OTHER INFORMATION ..........................................................................43 G22. REPORTING ANTICIPATED NON-COMPLIANCE .....................................................43 G23. REQUESTS TO BE EXCLUDED FROM COVERAGE UNDER THE PERMIT ..........44 G24. APPEALS ..........................................................................................................................44 G25. SEVERABILITY ...............................................................................................................44 G26. BYPASS PROHIBITED ....................................................................................................44 APPENDIX A – DEFINITIONS ...................................................................................................47 APPENDIX B – ACRONYMS .....................................................................................................55 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Summary of Required Submittals ................................................................................... 4 Table 2: Summary of Required On-site Documentation............................................................... 4 Table 3: Summary of Primary Monitoring Requirements .......................................................... 15 Table 4: Monitoring and Reporting Requirements ..................................................................... 17 Table 5: Turbidity, Fine Sediment & Phosphorus Sampling and Limits for 303(d)-Listed Waters .................................................................................................... 25 Table 6: pH Sampling and Limits for 303(d)-Listed Waters ...................................................... 26 Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 4 SUMMARY OF PERMIT REPORT SUBMITTALS Refer to the Special and General Conditions within this permit for additional submittal requirements. Appendix A provides a list of definitions. Appendix B provides a list of acronyms. Table 1: Summary of Required Submittals Permit Section Submittal Frequency First Submittal Date S5.A and S8 High Turbidity/Transparency Phone Reporting As Necessary Within 24 hours S5.B Discharge Monitoring Report Monthly* Within 15 days following the end of each month S5.F and S8 Noncompliance Notification – Telephone Notification As necessary Within 24-hours S5.F Noncompliance Notification – Written Report As necessary Within 5 Days of non-compliance S9.C Request for Chemical Treatment Form As necessary Written approval from Ecology is required prior to using chemical treatment (with the exception of dry ice or CO2 to adjust pH) G2 Notice of Change in Authorization As necessary G6 Permit Application for Substantive Changes to the Discharge As necessary G8 Application for Permit Renewal 1/permit cycle No later than 180 days before expiration G9 Notice of Permit Transfer As necessary G20 Notice of Planned Changes As necessary G22 Reporting Anticipated Non-compliance As necessary SPECIAL NOTE: *Permittees must submit electronic Discharge Monitoring Reports (DMRs) to the Washington State Department of Ecology monthly, regardless of site discharge, for the full duration of permit coverage. Refer to Section S5.B of this General Permit for more specific information regarding DMRs. Table 2: Summary of Required On-site Documentation Document Title Permit Conditions Permit Coverage Letter See Conditions S2, S5 Construction Stormwater General Permit See Conditions S2, S5 Site Log Book See Conditions S4, S5 Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) See Conditions S9, S5 Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 5 SPECIAL CONDITIONS S1. PERMIT COVERAGE A. Permit Area This Construction Stormwater General Permit (CSWGP) covers all areas of Washington State, except for federal operators and Indian Country as specified in Special Condition S1.E.3. B. Operators Required to Seek Coverage Under this General Permit: 1. Operators of the following construction activities are required to seek coverage under this CSWGP: a. Clearing, grading and/or excavation that results in the disturbance of one or more acres (including off-site disturbance acreage authorized in S1.C.2) and discharges stormwater to surface waters of the State; and clearing, grading and/or excavation on sites smaller than one acre that are part of a larger common plan of development or sale, if the common plan of development or sale will ultimately disturb one acre or more and discharge stormwater to surface waters of the State. i. This includes forest practices (including, but not limited to, class IV conversions) that are part of a construction activity that will result in the disturbance of one or more acres, and discharge to surface waters of the State (that is, forest practices that prepare a site for construction activities); and b. Any size construction activity discharging stormwater to waters of the State that the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology): i. Determines to be a significant contributor of pollutants to waters of the State of Washington. ii. Reasonably expects to cause a violation of any water quality standard. 2. Operators of the following activities are not required to seek coverage under this CSWGP (unless specifically required under Special Condition S1.B.1.b. above): a. Construction activities that discharge all stormwater and non-stormwater to ground water, sanitary sewer, or combined sewer, and have no point source discharge to either surface water or a storm sewer system that drains to surface waters of the State. b. Construction activities covered under an Erosivity Waiver (Special Condition S2.C). c. Routine maintenance that is performed to maintain the original line and grade, hydraulic capacity, or original purpose of a facility. Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 6 C. Authorized Discharges: 1. Stormwater Associated with Construction Activity. Subject to compliance with the terms and conditions of this permit, Permittees are authorized to discharge stormwater associated with construction activity to surface waters of the State or to a storm sewer system that drains to surface waters of the State. (Note that “surface waters of the State” may exist on a construction site as well as off site; for example, a creek running through a site.) 2. Stormwater Associated with Construction Support Activity. This permit also authorizes stormwater discharge from support activities related to the permitted construction site (for example, an on-site portable rock crusher, off-site equipment staging yards, material storage areas, borrow areas, etc.) provided: a. The support activity relates directly to the permitted construction site that is required to have an NPDES permit; and b. The support activity is not a commercial operation serving multiple unrelated construction projects, and does not operate beyond the completion of the construction activity; and c. Appropriate controls and measures are identified in the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) for the discharges from the support activity areas. 3. Non-Stormwater Discharges. The categories and sources of non-stormwater discharges identified below are authorized conditionally, provided the discharge is consistent with the terms and conditions of this permit: a. Discharges from fire-fighting activities. b. Fire hydrant system flushing. c. Potable water, including uncontaminated water line flushing. d. Hydrostatic test water. e. Uncontaminated air conditioning or compressor condensate. f. Uncontaminated ground water or spring water. g. Uncontaminated excavation dewatering water (in accordance with S9.D.10). h. Uncontaminated discharges from foundation or footing drains. i. Uncontaminated or potable water used to control dust. Permittees must minimize the amount of dust control water used. j. Routine external building wash down that does not use detergents. k. Landscape irrigation water. The SWPPP must adequately address all authorized non-stormwater discharges, except for discharges from fire-fighting activities, and must comply with Special Condition S3. Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 7 At a minimum, discharges from potable water (including water line flushing), fire hydrant system flushing, and pipeline hydrostatic test water must undergo the following: dechlorination to a concentration of 0.1 parts per million (ppm) or less, and pH adjustment to within 6.5 – 8.5 standard units (su), if necessary. D. Prohibited Discharges: The following discharges to waters of the State, including ground water, are prohibited. 1. Concrete wastewater. 2. Wastewater from washout and clean-up of stucco, paint, form release oils, curing compounds and other construction materials. 3. Process wastewater as defined by 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 122.2 (see Appendix A of this permit). 4. Slurry materials and waste from shaft drilling, including process wastewater from shaft drilling for construction of building, road, and bridge foundations unless managed according to Special Condition S9.D.9.j. 5. Fuels, oils, or other pollutants used in vehicle and equipment operation and maintenance. 6. Soaps or solvents used in vehicle and equipment washing. 7. Wheel wash wastewater, unless managed according to Special Condition S9.D.9. 8. Discharges from dewatering activities, including discharges from dewatering of trenches and excavations, unless managed according to Special Condition S9.D.10. E. Limits on Coverage Ecology may require any discharger to apply for and obtain coverage under an individual permit or another more specific general permit. Such alternative coverage will be required when Ecology determines that this CSWGP does not provide adequate assurance that water quality will be protected, or there is a reasonable potential for the project to cause or contribute to a violation of water quality standards. The following stormwater discharges are not covered by this permit: 1. Post-construction stormwater discharges that originate from the site after completion of construction activities and the site has undergone final stabilization. 2. Non-point source silvicultural activities such as nursery operations, site preparation, reforestation and subsequent cultural treatment, thinning, prescribed burning, pest and fire control, harvesting operations, surface drainage, or road construction and maintenance, from which there is natural runoff as excluded in 40 CFR Subpart 122. 3. Stormwater from any federal operator. Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 8 4. Stormwater from facilities located on “Indian Country” as defined in 18 U.S.C.§1151, except portions of the Puyallup Reservation as noted below. Indian Country includes: a. All land within any Indian Reservation notwithstanding the issuance of any patent, and, including rights-of-way running through the reservation. This includes all federal, tribal, and Indian and non-Indian privately owned land within the reservation. b. All off-reservation Indian allotments, the Indian titles to which have not been extinguished, including rights-of-way running through the same. c. All off-reservation federal trust lands held for Native American Tribes. Puyallup Exception: Following the Puyallup Tribes of Indians Land Settlement Act of 1989, 25 U.S.C. §1773; the permit does apply to land within the Puyallup Reservation except for discharges to surface water on land held in trust by the federal government. 5. Stormwater from any site covered under an existing NPDES individual permit in which stormwater management and/or treatment requirements are included for all stormwater discharges associated with construction activity. 6. Stormwater from a site where an applicable Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) requirement specifically precludes or prohibits discharges from construction activity. S2. APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS A. Permit Application Forms 1. Notice of Intent Form/Timeline a. Operators of new or previously unpermitted construction activities must submit a complete and accurate permit application (Notice of Intent, or NOI) to Ecology. b. Operators must apply using the electronic application form (NOI) available on Ecology’s website http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/stormwater/ construction/index.html. Permittees unable to submit electronically (for example, those who do not have an internet connection) must contact Ecology to request a waiver and obtain instructions on how to obtain a paper NOI. Department of Ecology Water Quality Program - Construction Stormwater PO Box 47696 Olympia, Washington 98504-7696 Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 9 c. The operator must submit the NOI at least 60 days before discharging stormwater from construction activities and must submit it on or before the date of the first public notice (see Special Condition S2.B below for details). The 30- day public comment period begins on the publication date of the second public notice. Unless Ecology responds to the complete application in writing, based on public comments, or any other relevant factors, coverage under the general permit will automatically commence on the thirty-first day following receipt by Ecology of a completed NOI, or the issuance date of this permit, whichever is later; unless Ecology specifies a later date in writing as required by WAC173- 226-200(2). d. If an applicant intends to use a Best Management Practice (BMP) selected on the basis of Special Condition S9.C.4 (“demonstrably equivalent” BMPs), the applicant must notify Ecology of its selection as part of the NOI. In the event the applicant selects BMPs after submission of the NOI, it must provide notice of the selection of an equivalent BMP to Ecology at least 60 days before intended use of the equivalent BMP. e. Permittees must notify Ecology regarding any changes to the information provided on the NOI by submitting an updated NOI. Examples of such changes include, but are not limited to: i. Changes to the Permittee’s mailing address, ii. Changes to the on-site contact person information, and iii. Changes to the area/acreage affected by construction activity. f. Applicants must notify Ecology if they are aware of contaminated soils and/or groundwater associated with the construction activity. Provide detailed information with the NOI (as known and readily available) on the nature and extent of the contamination (concentrations, locations, and depth), as well as pollution prevention and/or treatment BMPs proposed to control the discharge of soil and/or groundwater contaminants in stormwater. Examples of such detail may include, but are not limited to: i. List or table of all known contaminants with laboratory test results showing concentration and depth, ii. Map with sample locations, iii. Temporary Erosion and Sediment Control (TESC) plans, iv. Related portions of the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) that address the management of contaminated and potentially contaminated construction stormwater and dewatering water, v. Dewatering plan and/or dewatering contingency plan. Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 10 2. Transfer of Coverage Form The Permittee can transfer current coverage under this permit to one or more new operators, including operators of sites within a Common Plan of Development, provided the Permittee submits a Transfer of Coverage Form in accordance with General Condition G9. Transfers do not require public notice. B. Public Notice For new or previously unpermitted construction activities, the applicant must publish a public notice at least one time each week for two consecutive weeks, at least 7 days apart, in a newspaper with general circulation in the county where the construction is to take place. The notice must contain: 1. A statement that “The applicant is seeking coverage under the Washington State Department of Ecology’s Construction Stormwater NPDES and State Waste Discharge General Permit”. 2. The name, address and location of the construction site. 3. The name and address of the applicant. 4. The type of construction activity that will result in a discharge (for example, residential construction, commercial construction, etc.), and the number of acres to be disturbed. 5. The name of the receiving water(s) (that is, the surface water(s) to which the site will discharge), or, if the discharge is through a storm sewer system, the name of the operator of the system. 6. The statement: “Any persons desiring to present their views to the Washington State Department of Ecology regarding this application, or interested in Ecology’s action on this application, may notify Ecology in writing no later than 30 days of the last date of publication of this notice. Ecology reviews public comments and considers whether discharges from this project would cause a measurable change in receiving water quality, and, if so, whether the project is necessary and in the overriding public interest according to Tier II antidegradation requirements under WAC 173-201A-320. Comments can be submitted to: Department of Ecology, PO Box 47696, Olympia, Washington 98504-7696 Attn: Water Quality Program, Construction Stormwater.” Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 11 C. Erosivity Waiver Construction site operators may qualify for an erosivity waiver from the CSWGP if the following conditions are met: 1. The site will result in the disturbance of fewer than 5 acres and the site is not a portion of a common plan of development or sale that will disturb 5 acres or greater. 2. Calculation of Erosivity “R” Factor and Regional Timeframe: a. The project’s rainfall erosivity factor (“R” Factor) must be less than 5 during the period of construction activity, as calculated (see the CSWGP homepage http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/stormwater/construction/index.html for a link to the EPA’s calculator and step by step instructions on computing the “R” Factor in the EPA Erosivity Waiver Fact Sheet). The period of construction activity starts when the land is first disturbed and ends with final stabilization. In addition: b. The entire period of construction activity must fall within the following timeframes: i. For sites west of the Cascades Crest: June 15 – September 15. ii. For sites east of the Cascades Crest, excluding the Central Basin: June 15 – October 15. iii. For sites east of the Cascades Crest, within the Central Basin: no additional timeframe restrictions apply. The Central Basin is defined as the portions of Eastern Washington with mean annual precipitation of less than 12 inches. For a map of the Central Basin (Average Annual Precipitation Region 2), refer to http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/stormwater/ construction/resourcesguidance.html. 3. Construction site operators must submit a complete Erosivity Waiver certification form at least one week before disturbing the land. Certification must include statements that the operator will: a. Comply with applicable local stormwater requirements; and b. Implement appropriate erosion and sediment control BMPs to prevent violations of water quality standards. 4. This waiver is not available for facilities declared significant contributors of pollutants as defined in Special Condition S1.B.1.b. or for any size construction activity that could reasonably expect to cause a violation of any water quality standard as defined in Special Condition S1.B.1.b.ii. 5. This waiver does not apply to construction activities which include non- stormwater discharges listed in Special Condition S1.C.3. Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 12 6. If construction activity extends beyond the certified waiver period for any reason, the operator must either: a. Recalculate the rainfall erosivity “R” factor using the original start date and a new projected ending date and, if the “R” factor is still under 5 and the entire project falls within the applicable regional timeframe in Special Condition S2.C.2.b, complete and submit an amended waiver certification form before the original waiver expires; or b. Submit a complete permit application to Ecology in accordance with Special Condition S2.A and B before the end of the certified waiver period. S3. COMPLIANCE WITH STANDARDS A. Discharges must not cause or contribute to a violation of surface water quality standards (Chapter 173-201A WAC), ground water quality standards (Chapter 173-200 WAC), sediment management standards (Chapter 173-204 WAC), and human health-based criteria in the National Toxics Rule (40 CFR Part 131.36). Discharges not in compliance with these standards are not authorized. B. Prior to the discharge of stormwater and non-stormwater to waters of the State, the Permittee must apply all known, available, and reasonable methods of prevention, control, and treatment (AKART). This includes the preparation and implementation of an adequate SWPPP, with all appropriate BMPs installed and maintained in accordance with the SWPPP and the terms and conditions of this permit. C. Ecology presumes that a Permittee complies with water quality standards unless discharge monitoring data or other site-specific information demonstrates that a discharge causes or contributes to a violation of water quality standards, when the Permittee complies with the following conditions. The Permittee must fully: 1. Comply with all permit conditions, including planning, sampling, monitoring, reporting, and recordkeeping conditions. 2. Implement stormwater BMPs contained in stormwater management manuals published or approved by Ecology, or BMPs that are demonstrably equivalent to BMPs contained in stormwater technical manuals published or approved by Ecology, including the proper selection, implementation, and maintenance of all applicable and appropriate BMPs for on-site pollution control. (For purposes of this section, the stormwater manuals listed in Appendix 10 of the Phase I Municipal Stormwater Permit are approved by Ecology.) D. Where construction sites also discharge to ground water, the ground water discharges must also meet the terms and conditions of this CSWGP. Permittees who discharge to ground water through an injection well must also comply with any applicable requirements of the Underground Injection Control (UIC) regulations, Chapter 173-218 WAC. Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 13 S4. MONITORING REQUIREMENTS, BENCHMARKS AND REPORTING TRIGGERS A. Site Log Book The Permittee must maintain a site log book that contains a record of the implementation of the SWPPP and other permit requirements, including the installation and maintenance of BMPs, site inspections, and stormwater monitoring. B. Site Inspections The Permittee’s site inspections must include all areas disturbed by construction activities, all BMPs, and all stormwater discharge points under the Permittee’s operational control. (See Special Conditions S4.B.3 and B.4 below for detailed requirements of the Permittee’s Certified Erosion and Sediment Control Lead [CESCL].) Construction sites one acre or larger that discharge stormwater to surface waters of the State must have site inspections conducted by a certified CESCL. Sites less than one acre may have a person without CESCL certification conduct inspections. 1. The Permittee must examine stormwater visually for the presence of suspended sediment, turbidity, discoloration, and oil sheen. The Permittee must evaluate the effectiveness of BMPs and determine if it is necessary to install, maintain, or repair BMPs to improve the quality of stormwater discharges. Based on the results of the inspection, the Permittee must correct the problems identified by: a. Reviewing the SWPPP for compliance with Special Condition S9 and making appropriate revisions within 7 days of the inspection. b. Immediately beginning the process of fully implementing and maintaining appropriate source control and/or treatment BMPs as soon as possible, addressing the problems no later than within 10 days of the inspection. If installation of necessary treatment BMPs is not feasible within 10 days, Ecology may approve additional time when an extension is requested by a Permittee within the initial 10-day response period. c. Documenting BMP implementation and maintenance in the site log book. 2. The Permittee must inspect all areas disturbed by construction activities, all BMPs, and all stormwater discharge points at least once every calendar week and within 24 hours of any discharge from the site. (For purposes of this condition, individual discharge events that last more than one day do not require daily inspections. For example, if a stormwater pond discharges continuously over the course of a week, only one inspection is required that week.) The Permittee may reduce the inspection frequency for temporarily stabilized, inactive sites to once every calendar month. Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 14 3. The Permittee must have staff knowledgeable in the principles and practices of erosion and sediment control. The CESCL (sites one acre or more) or inspector (sites less than one acre) must have the skills to assess the: a. Site conditions and construction activities that could impact the quality of stormwater, and b. Effectiveness of erosion and sediment control measures used to control the quality of stormwater discharges. 4. The SWPPP must identify the CESCL or inspector, who must be present on site or on-call at all times. The CESCL must obtain this certification through an approved erosion and sediment control training program that meets the minimum training standards established by Ecology (see BMP C160 in the manual referred to in Special Condition S9.C.1 and 2). 5. The Permittee must summarize the results of each inspection in an inspection report or checklist and enter the report/checklist into, or attach it to, the site log book. At a minimum, each inspection report or checklist must include: a. Inspection date and time. b. Weather information, the general conditions during inspection and the approximate amount of precipitation since the last inspection, and precipitation within the last 24 hours. c. A summary or list of all implemented BMPs, including observations of all erosion/sediment control structures or practices. d. A description of the locations: i. Of BMPs inspected; ii. Of BMPs that need maintenance and why; iii. Of BMPs that failed to operate as designed or intended; and iv. Where additional or different BMPs are needed, and why. e. A description of stormwater discharged from the site. The Permittee must note the presence of suspended sediment, turbidity, discoloration, and oil sheen, as applicable. f. Any water quality monitoring performed during inspection. g. General comments and notes, including a brief description of any BMP repairs, maintenance or installations made following the inspection. h. A summary report and a schedule of implementation of the remedial actions that the Permittee plans to take if the site inspection indicates that the site is out of compliance. The remedial actions taken must meet the requirements of the SWPPP and the permit. Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 15 i. The name, title, and signature of the person conducting the site inspection, a phone number or other reliable method to reach this person, and the following statement: “I certify that this report is true, accurate, and complete to the best of my knowledge and belief.” Table 3: Summary of Primary Monitoring Requirements Size of Soil Disturbance1 Weekly Site Inspections Weekly Sampling w/ Turbidity Meter Weekly Sampling w/ Transparency Tube Weekly pH Sampling2 CESCL Required for Inspections? Sites that disturb less than 1 acre, but are part of a larger Common Plan of Development Required Not Required Not Required Not Required No Sites that disturb 1 acre or more, but fewer than 5 acres Required Sampling Required – either method3 Required Yes Sites that disturb 5 acres or more Required Required Not Required4 Required Yes 1 Soil disturbance is calculated by adding together all areas that will be affected by construction activity. Construction activity means clearing, grading, excavation, and any other activity that disturbs the surface of the land, including ingress/egress from the site. 2 If construction activity results in the disturbance of 1 acre or more, and involves significant concrete work (1,000 cubic yards of poured concrete or recycled concrete over the life of a project) or the use of engineered soils (soil amendments including but not limited to Portland cement-treated base [CTB], cement kiln dust [CKD], or fly ash), and stormwater from the affected area drains to surface waters of the State or to a storm sewer stormwater collection system that drains to other surface waters of the State, the Permittee must conduct pH sampling in accordance with Special Condition S4.D. 3 Sites with one or more acres, but fewer than 5 acres of soil disturbance, must conduct turbidity or transparency sampling in accordance with Special Condition S4.C. 4 Sites equal to or greater than 5 acres of soil disturbance must conduct turbidity sampling using a turbidity meter in accordance with Special Condition S4.C. Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 16 C. Turbidity/Transparency Sampling Requirements 1. Sampling Methods a. If construction activity involves the disturbance of 5 acres or more, the Permittee must conduct turbidity sampling per Special Condition S4.C. b. If construction activity involves 1 acre or more but fewer than 5 acres of soil disturbance, the Permittee must conduct either transparency sampling or turbidity sampling per Special Condition S4.C. 2. Sampling Frequency a. The Permittee must sample all discharge points at least once every calendar week when stormwater (or authorized non-stormwater) discharges from the site or enters any on-site surface waters of the state (for example, a creek running through a site); sampling is not required on sites that disturb less than an acre. b. Samples must be representative of the flow and characteristics of the discharge. c. Sampling is not required when there is no discharge during a calendar week. d. Sampling is not required outside of normal working hours or during unsafe conditions. e. If the Permittee is unable to sample during a monitoring period, the Permittee must include a brief explanation in the monthly Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR). f. Sampling is not required before construction activity begins. g. The Permittee may reduce the sampling frequency for temporarily stabilized, inactive sites to once every calendar month. 3. Sampling Locations a. Sampling is required at all points where stormwater associated with construction activity (or authorized non-stormwater) is discharged off site, including where it enters any on-site surface waters of the state (for example, a creek running through a site). b. The Permittee may discontinue sampling at discharge points that drain areas of the project that are fully stabilized to prevent erosion. c. The Permittee must identify all sampling point(s) on the SWPPP site map and clearly mark these points in the field with a flag, tape, stake or other visible marker. d. Sampling is not required for discharge that is sent directly to sanitary or combined sewer systems. Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 17 e. The Permittee may discontinue sampling at discharge points in areas of the project where the Permittee no longer has operational control of the construction activity. 4. Sampling and Analysis Methods a. The Permittee performs turbidity analysis with a calibrated turbidity meter (turbidimeter) either on site or at an accredited lab. The Permittee must record the results in the site log book in nephelometric turbidity units (NTUs). b. The Permittee performs transparency analysis on site with a 1¾-inch-diameter, 60-centimeter (cm)-long transparency tube. The Permittee will record the results in the site log book in centimeters (cm). Table 4: Monitoring and Reporting Requirements Parameter Unit Analytical Method Sampling Frequency Benchmark Value Phone Reporting Trigger Value Turbidity NTU SM2130 Weekly, if discharging 25 NTUs 250 NTUs Transparency cm Manufacturer instructions, or Ecology guidance Weekly, if discharging 33 cm 6 cm 5. Turbidity/Transparency Benchmark Values and Reporting Triggers The benchmark value for turbidity is 25 NTUs or less. The benchmark value for transparency is 33 centimeters (cm). Note: Benchmark values do not apply to discharges to segments of water bodies on Washington State’s 303(d) list (Category 5) for turbidity, fine sediment, or phosphorus; these discharges are subject to a numeric effluent limit for turbidity. Refer to Special Condition S8 for more information. a. Turbidity 26 – 249 NTUs, or Transparency 32 – 7 cm: If the discharge turbidity is 26 to 249 NTUs; or if discharge transparency is less than 33 cm, but equal to or greater than 6 cm, the Permittee must: i. Review the SWPPP for compliance with Special Condition S9 and make appropriate revisions within 7 days of the date the discharge exceeded the benchmark. ii. Immediately begin the process to fully implement and maintain appropriate source control and/or treatment BMPs as soon as possible, addressing the problems within 10 days of the date the discharge exceeded the benchmark. If installation of necessary treatment BMPs is not feasible within 10 days, Ecology may approve additional time when the Permittee requests an extension within the initial 10-day response period. Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 18 iii. Document BMP implementation and maintenance in the site log book. b. Turbidity 250 NTUs or greater, or Transparency 6 cm or less: If a discharge point’s turbidity is 250 NTUs or greater, or if discharge transparency is less than or equal to 6 cm, the Permittee must complete the reporting and adaptive management process described below. i. Telephone or submit an electronic report to the applicable Ecology Region’s Environmental Report Tracking System (ERTS) number (or through Ecology’s Water Quality Permitting Portal [WQWebPortal] – Permit Submittals when the form is available) within 24 hours, in accordance with Special Condition S5.A.  Central Region (Okanogan, Chelan, Douglas, Kittitas, Yakima, Klickitat, Benton): (509) 575-2490  Eastern Region (Adams, Asotin, Columbia, Ferry, Franklin, Garfield, Grant, Lincoln, Pend Oreille, Spokane, Stevens, Walla Walla, Whitman): (509) 329-3400  Northwest Region (Kitsap, Snohomish, Island, King, San Juan, Skagit, Whatcom): (425) 649-7000  Southwest Region (Grays Harbor, Lewis, Mason, Thurston, Pierce, Clark, Cowlitz, Skamania, Wahkiakum, Clallam, Jefferson, Pacific): (360) 407-6300 Links to these numbers and the ERTS reporting page are located on the following web site: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/stormwater/construction/index.html. ii. Review the SWPPP for compliance with Special Condition S9 and make appropriate revisions within 7 days of the date the discharge exceeded the benchmark. iii. Immediately begin the process to fully implement and maintain appropriate source control and/or treatment BMPs as soon as possible, addressing the problems within 10 days of the date the discharge exceeded the benchmark. If installation of necessary treatment BMPs is not feasible within 10 days, Ecology may approve additional time when the Permittee requests an extension within the initial 10-day response period. iv. Document BMP implementation and maintenance in the site log book. v. Sample discharges daily until: a) Turbidity is 25 NTUs (or lower); or b) Transparency is 33 cm (or greater); or Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 19 c) The Permittee has demonstrated compliance with the water quality limit for turbidity: 1) No more than 5 NTUs over background turbidity, if background is less than 50 NTUs, or 2) No more than 10% over background turbidity, if background is 50 NTUs or greater; or d) The discharge stops or is eliminated. D. pH Sampling Requirements – Significant Concrete Work or Engineered Soils If construction activity results in the disturbance of 1 acre or more, and involves significant concrete work (significant concrete work means greater than 1000 cubic yards poured concrete or recycled concrete used over the life of a project) or the use of engineered soils (soil amendments including but not limited to Portland cement-treated base [CTB], cement kiln dust [CKD], or fly ash), and stormwater from the affected area drains to surface waters of the State or to a storm sewer system that drains to surface waters of the State, the Permittee must conduct pH sampling as set forth below. Note: In addition, discharges to segments of water bodies on Washington State’s 303(d) list (Category 5) for high pH are subject to a numeric effluent limit for pH; refer to Special Condition S8. 1. For sites with significant concrete work, the Permittee must begin the pH sampling period when the concrete is first poured and exposed to precipitation, and continue weekly throughout and after the concrete pour and curing period, until stormwater pH is in the range of 6.5 to 8.5 (su). 2. For sites with recycled concrete where monitoring is required, the Permittee must begin the weekly pH sampling period when the recycled concrete is first exposed to precipitation and must continue until the recycled concrete is fully stabilized with the stormwater pH in the range of 6.5 to 8.5 (su). 3. For sites with engineered soils, the Permittee must begin the pH sampling period when the soil amendments are first exposed to precipitation and must continue until the area of engineered soils is fully stabilized. 4. During the applicable pH monitoring period defined above, the Permittee must obtain a representative sample of stormwater and conduct pH analysis at least once per week. 5. The Permittee must sample pH in the sediment trap/pond(s) or other locations that receive stormwater runoff from the area of significant concrete work or engineered soils before the stormwater discharges to surface waters. 6. The benchmark value for pH is 8.5 standard units. Anytime sampling indicates that pH is 8.5 or greater, the Permittee must either: Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 20 a. Prevent the high pH water (8.5 or above) from entering storm sewer systems or surface waters; or b. If necessary, adjust or neutralize the high pH water until it is in the range of pH 6.5 to 8.5 (su) using an appropriate treatment BMP such as carbon dioxide (CO2) sparging or dry ice. The Permittee must obtain written approval from Ecology before using any form of chemical treatment other than CO2 sparging or dry ice. 7. The Permittee must perform pH analysis on site with a calibrated pH meter, pH test kit, or wide range pH indicator paper. The Permittee must record pH sampling results in the site log book. S5. REPORTING AND RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS A. High Turbidity Reporting Anytime sampling performed in accordance with Special Condition S4.C indicates turbidity has reached the 250 NTUs or more (or transparency less than or equal to 6 cm) high turbidity reporting level, the Permittee must either call the applicable Ecology Region’s Environmental Report Tracking System (ERTS) number by phone within 24 hours of analysis or submit an electronic ERTS report (or submit an electronic report through Ecology’s Water Quality Permitting Portal (WQWebPortal) – Permit Submittals when the form is available). See the CSWGP web site for links to ERTS and the WQWebPortal: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/stormwater/construction/ index.html. Also, see phone numbers in Special Condition S4.C.5.b.i. B. Discharge Monitoring Reports (DMRs) Permittees required to conduct water quality sampling in accordance with Special Conditions S4.C (Turbidity/Transparency), S4.D (pH), S8 (303[d]/TMDL sampling), and/or G13 (Additional Sampling) must submit the results to Ecology. Permittees must submit monitoring data using Ecology's WQWebDMR web application accessed through Ecology’s Water Quality Permitting Portal. To find out more information and to sign up for WQWebDMR go to: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/ wq/permits/paris/portal.html. Permittees unable to submit electronically (for example, those who do not have an internet connection) must contact Ecology to request a waiver and obtain instructions on how to obtain a paper copy DMR at: Department of Ecology Water Quality Program - Construction Stormwater PO Box 47696 Olympia, Washington 98504-7696 Permittees who obtain a waiver not to use WQWebDMR must use the forms provided to them by Ecology; submittals must be mailed to the address above. Permittees shall Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 21 submit DMR forms to be received by Ecology within 15 days following the end of each month. If there was no discharge during a given monitoring period, all Permittees must submit a DMR as required with “no discharge" entered in place of the monitoring results. DMRs are required for the full duration of permit coverage (from issuance date to termination). For more information, contact Ecology staff using information provided at the following web site: www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/permits/paris/contacts.html. C. Records Retention The Permittee must retain records of all monitoring information (site log book, sampling results, inspection reports/checklists, etc.), Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan, copy of the permit coverage letter (including Transfer of Coverage documentation), and any other documentation of compliance with permit requirements for the entire life of the construction project and for a minimum of three years following the termination of permit coverage. Such information must include all calibration and maintenance records, and records of all data used to complete the application for this permit. This period of retention must be extended during the course of any unresolved litigation regarding the discharge of pollutants by the Permittee or when requested by Ecology. D. Recording Results For each measurement or sample taken, the Permittee must record the following information: 1. Date, place, method, and time of sampling or measurement. 2. The first and last name of the individual who performed the sampling or measurement. 3. The date(s) the analyses were performed. 4. The first and last name of the individual who performed the analyses. 5. The analytical techniques or methods used. 6. The results of all analyses. E. Additional Monitoring by the Permittee If the Permittee monitors any pollutant more frequently than required by this permit using test procedures specified by Special Condition S4 of this permit, the results of this monitoring must be included in the calculation and reporting of the data submitted in the Permittee’s DMR. F. Noncompliance Notification In the event the Permittee is unable to comply with any part of the terms and conditions of this permit, and the resulting noncompliance may cause a threat to human health or the environment (such as but not limited to spills of fuels or other materials, catastrophic pond or slope failure, and discharges that violate water quality standards), or exceed Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 22 numeric effluent limitations (see S8. Discharges to 303(d) or TMDL Waterbodies), the Permittee must, upon becoming aware of the circumstance: 1. Notify Ecology within 24-hours of the failure to comply by calling the applicable Regional office ERTS phone number (refer to Special Condition S4.C.5.b.i. or www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/stormwater/construction/turbidity.html for Regional ERTS phone numbers). 2. Immediately take action to prevent the discharge/pollution, or otherwise stop or correct the noncompliance, and, if applicable, repeat sampling and analysis of any noncompliance immediately and submit the results to Ecology within five (5) days of becoming aware of the violation. 3. Submit a detailed written report to Ecology within five (5) days, of the time the Permittee becomes aware of the circumstances, unless requested earlier by Ecology. The report must be submitted using Ecology’s Water Quality Permitting Portal (WQWebPortal) - Permit Submittals, unless a waiver from electronic reporting has been granted according to S5.B. The report must contain a description of the noncompliance, including exact dates and times, and if the noncompliance has not been corrected, the anticipated time it is expected to continue; and the steps taken or planned to reduce, eliminate, and prevent reoccurrence of the noncompliance. The Permittee must report any unanticipated bypass and/or upset that exceeds any effluent limit in the permit in accordance with the 24-hour reporting requirement contained in 40 C.F.R. 122.41(l)(6). Compliance with these requirements does not relieve the Permittee from responsibility to maintain continuous compliance with the terms and conditions of this permit or the resulting liability for failure to comply. Upon request of the Permittee, Ecology may waive the requirement for a written report on a case-by- case basis, if the immediate notification is received by Ecology within 24 hours. G. Access to Plans and Records 1. The Permittee must retain the following permit documentation (plans and records) on site, or within reasonable access to the site, for use by the operator or for on-site review by Ecology or the local jurisdiction: a. General Permit b. Permit Coverage Letter c. Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) d. Site Log Book 2. The Permittee must address written requests for plans and records listed above (Special Condition S5.G.1) as follows: Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 23 a. The Permittee must provide a copy of plans and records to Ecology within 14 days of receipt of a written request from Ecology. b. The Permittee must provide a copy of plans and records to the public when requested in writing. Upon receiving a written request from the public for the Permittee’s plans and records, the Permittee must either: i. Provide a copy of the plans and records to the requester within 14 days of a receipt of the written request; or ii. Notify the requester within 10 days of receipt of the written request of the location and times within normal business hours when the plans and records may be viewed; and provide access to the plans and records within 14 days of receipt of the written request; or iii. Within 14 days of receipt of the written request, the Permittee may submit a copy of the plans and records to Ecology for viewing and/or copying by the requester at an Ecology office, or a mutually agreed location. If plans and records are viewed and/or copied at a location other than at an Ecology office, the Permittee will provide reasonable access to copying services for which a reasonable fee may be charged. The Permittee must notify the requester within 10 days of receipt of the request where the plans and records may be viewed and/or copied. S6. PERMIT FEES The Permittee must pay permit fees assessed by Ecology. Fees for stormwater discharges covered under this permit are established by Chapter 173-224 WAC. Ecology continues to assess permit fees until the permit is terminated in accordance with Special Condition S10 or revoked in accordance with General Condition G5. S7. SOLID AND LIQUID WASTE DISPOSAL The Permittee must handle and dispose of solid and liquid wastes generated by construction activity, such as demolition debris, construction materials, contaminated materials, and waste materials from maintenance activities, including liquids and solids from cleaning catch basins and other stormwater facilities, in accordance with: A. Special Condition S3, Compliance with Standards B. WAC 173-216-110 C. Other applicable regulations S8. DISCHARGES TO 303(d) OR TMDL WATERBODIES A. Sampling and Numeric Effluent Limits For Certain Discharges to 303(d)-listed Waterbodies Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 24 1. Permittees who discharge to segments of waterbodies listed as impaired by the State of Washington under Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act for turbidity, fine sediment, high pH, or phosphorus, must conduct water quality sampling according to the requirements of this section, and Special Conditions S4.C.2.b-f and S4.C.3.b-d, and must comply with the applicable numeric effluent limitations in S8.C and S8.D. 2. All references and requirements associated with Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act mean the most current listing by Ecology of impaired waters (Category 5) that exists on January 1, 2016, or the date when the operator’s complete permit application is received by Ecology, whichever is later. B. Limits on Coverage for New Discharges to TMDL or 303(d)-listed Waters Operators of construction sites that discharge to a TMDL or 303(d)-listed waterbody are not eligible for coverage under this permit unless the operator: 1. Prevents exposing stormwater to pollutants for which the waterbody is impaired, and retains documentation in the SWPPP that details procedures taken to prevent exposure on site; or 2. Documents that the pollutants for which the waterbody is impaired are not present at the site, and retains documentation of this finding within the SWPPP; or 3. Provides Ecology with data indicating the discharge is not expected to cause or contribute to an exceedance of a water quality standard, and retains such data on site with the SWPPP. The operator must provide data and other technical information to Ecology that sufficiently demonstrate: a. For discharges to waters without an EPA-approved or -established TMDL, that the discharge of the pollutant for which the water is impaired will meet in- stream water quality criteria at the point of discharge to the waterbody; or b. For discharges to waters with an EPA-approved or -established TMDL, that there is sufficient remaining wasteload allocation in the TMDL to allow construction stormwater discharge and that existing dischargers to the waterbody are subject to compliance schedules designed to bring the waterbody into attainment with water quality standards. Operators of construction sites are eligible for coverage under this permit if Ecology issues permit coverage based upon an affirmative determination that the discharge will not cause or contribute to the existing impairment. C. Sampling and Numeric Effluent Limits for Discharges to Water Bodies on the 303(d) List for Turbidity, Fine Sediment, or Phosphorus 1. Permittees who discharge to segments of water bodies on the 303(d) list (Category 5) for turbidity, fine sediment, or phosphorus must conduct turbidity sampling in accordance with Special Condition S4.C.2 and comply with either of the numeric effluent limits noted in Table 5 below. Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 25 2. As an alternative to the 25 NTUs effluent limit noted in Table 5 below (applied at the point where stormwater [or authorized non-stormwater] is discharged off-site), Permittees may choose to comply with the surface water quality standard for turbidity. The standard is: no more than 5 NTUs over background turbidity when the background turbidity is 50 NTUs or less, or no more than a 10% increase in turbidity when the background turbidity is more than 50 NTUs. In order to use the water quality standard requirement, the sampling must take place at the following locations: a. Background turbidity in the 303(d)-listed receiving water immediately upstream (upgradient) or outside the area of influence of the discharge. b. Turbidity at the point of discharge into the 303(d)-listed receiving water, inside the area of influence of the discharge. 3. Discharges that exceed the numeric effluent limit for turbidity constitute a violation of this permit. 4. Permittees whose discharges exceed the numeric effluent limit shall sample discharges daily until the violation is corrected and comply with the non- compliance notification requirements in Special Condition S5.F. Table 5: Turbidity, Fine Sediment & Phosphorus Sampling and Limits for 303(d)-Listed Waters Parameter identified in 303(d) listing Parameter Sampled Unit Analytical Method Sampling Frequency Numeric Effluent Limit1  Turbidity  Fine Sediment  Phosphorus Turbidity NTU SM2130 Weekly, if discharging 25 NTUs, at the point where stormwater is discharged from the site; OR In compliance with the surface water quality standard for turbidity (S8.C.2.a) 1Permittees subject to a numeric effluent limit for turbidity may, at their discretion, choose either numeric effluent limitation based on site-specific considerations including, but not limited to, safety, access and convenience. D. Discharges to Water Bodies on the 303(d) List for High pH 1. Permittees who discharge to segments of water bodies on the 303(d) list (Category 5) for high pH must conduct pH sampling in accordance with the table below, and comply with the numeric effluent limit of pH 6.5 to 8.5 su (Table 6). Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 26 Table 6: pH Sampling and Limits for 303(d)-Listed Waters Parameter identified in 303(d) listing Parameter Sampled/Units Analytical Method Sampling Frequency Numeric Effluent Limit High pH pH /Standard Units pH meter Weekly, if discharging In the range of 6.5 – 8.5 2. At the Permittee’s discretion, compliance with the limit shall be assessed at one of the following locations: a. Directly in the 303(d)-listed waterbody segment, inside the immediate area of influence of the discharge; or b. Alternatively, the Permittee may measure pH at the point where the discharge leaves the construction site, rather than in the receiving water. 3. Discharges that exceed the numeric effluent limit for pH (outside the range of 6.5 – 8.5 su) constitute a violation of this permit. 4. Permittees whose discharges exceed the numeric effluent limit shall sample discharges daily until the violation is corrected and comply with the non- compliance notification requirements in Special Condition S5.F. E. Sampling and Limits for Sites Discharging to Waters Covered by a TMDL or Another Pollution Control Plan 1. Discharges to a waterbody that is subject to a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for turbidity, fine sediment, high pH, or phosphorus must be consistent with the TMDL. Refer to http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/tmdl/ TMDLsbyWria/TMDLbyWria.html for more information on TMDLs. a. Where an applicable TMDL sets specific waste load allocations or requirements for discharges covered by this permit, discharges must be consistent with any specific waste load allocations or requirements established by the applicable TMDL. i. The Permittee must sample discharges weekly or as otherwise specified by the TMDL to evaluate compliance with the specific waste load allocations or requirements. ii. Analytical methods used to meet the monitoring requirements must conform to the latest revision of the Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures for the Analysis of Pollutants contained in 40 CFR Part 136. Turbidity and pH methods need not be accredited or registered unless conducted at a laboratory which must otherwise be accredited or registered. b. Where an applicable TMDL has established a general waste load allocation for construction stormwater discharges, but has not identified specific requirements, Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 27 compliance with Special Conditions S4 (Monitoring) and S9 (SWPPPs) will constitute compliance with the approved TMDL. c. Where an applicable TMDL has not specified a waste load allocation for construction stormwater discharges, but has not excluded these discharges, compliance with Special Conditions S4 (Monitoring) and S9 (SWPPPs) will constitute compliance with the approved TMDL. d. Where an applicable TMDL specifically precludes or prohibits discharges from construction activity, the operator is not eligible for coverage under this permit. 2. Applicable TMDL means a TMDL for turbidity, fine sediment, high pH, or phosphorus that is completed and approved by EPA before January 1, 2016, or before the date the operator’s complete permit application is received by Ecology, whichever is later. TMDLs completed after the operator’s complete permit application is received by Ecology become applicable to the Permittee only if they are imposed through an administrative order by Ecology, or through a modification of permit coverage. S9. STORMWATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN The Permittee must prepare and properly implement an adequate Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) for construction activity in accordance with the requirements of this permit beginning with initial soil disturbance and until final stabilization. A. The Permittee’s SWPPP must meet the following objectives: 1. To implement best management practices (BMPs) to prevent erosion and sedimentation, and to identify, reduce, eliminate or prevent stormwater contamination and water pollution from construction activity. 2. To prevent violations of surface water quality, ground water quality, or sediment management standards. 3. To control peak volumetric flow rates and velocities of stormwater discharges. B. General Requirements 1. The SWPPP must include a narrative and drawings. All BMPs must be clearly referenced in the narrative and marked on the drawings. The SWPPP narrative must include documentation to explain and justify the pollution prevention decisions made for the project. Documentation must include: a. Information about existing site conditions (topography, drainage, soils, vegetation, etc.). b. Potential erosion problem areas. c. The 13 elements of a SWPPP in Special Condition S9.D.1-13, including BMPs used to address each element. Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 28 d. Construction phasing/sequence and general BMP implementation schedule. e. The actions to be taken if BMP performance goals are not achieved—for example, a contingency plan for additional treatment and/or storage of stormwater that would violate the water quality standards if discharged. f. Engineering calculations for ponds, treatment systems, and any other designed structures. When a treatment system requires engineering calculations, these calculations must be included in the SWPPP. Engineering calculations do not need to be included in the SWPPP for treatment systems that do not require such calculations. 2. The Permittee must modify the SWPPP if, during inspections or investigations conducted by the owner/operator, or the applicable local or state regulatory authority, it is determined that the SWPPP is, or would be, ineffective in eliminating or significantly minimizing pollutants in stormwater discharges from the site. The Permittee must then: a. Review the SWPPP for compliance with Special Condition S9 and make appropriate revisions within 7 days of the inspection or investigation. b. Immediately begin the process to fully implement and maintain appropriate source control and/or treatment BMPs as soon as possible, addressing the problems no later than 10 days from the inspection or investigation. If installation of necessary treatment BMPs is not feasible within 10 days, Ecology may approve additional time when an extension is requested by a Permittee within the initial 10-day response period. c. Document BMP implementation and maintenance in the site log book. The Permittee must modify the SWPPP whenever there is a change in design, construction, operation, or maintenance at the construction site that has, or could have, a significant effect on the discharge of pollutants to waters of the State. C. Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs) BMPs must be consistent with: 1. Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington (most current approved edition at the time this permit was issued), for sites west of the crest of the Cascade Mountains; or 2. Stormwater Management Manual for Eastern Washington (most current approved edition at the time this permit was issued), for sites east of the crest of the Cascade Mountains; or 3. Revisions to the manuals listed in Special Condition S9.C.1. & 2., or other stormwater management guidance documents or manuals which provide an equivalent level of pollution prevention, that are approved by Ecology and incorporated into this permit in accordance with the permit modification requirements of WAC 173-226-230; or Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 29 4. Documentation in the SWPPP that the BMPs selected provide an equivalent level of pollution prevention, compared to the applicable Stormwater Management Manuals, including: a. The technical basis for the selection of all stormwater BMPs (scientific, technical studies, and/or modeling) that support the performance claims for the BMPs being selected. b. An assessment of how the selected BMP will satisfy AKART requirements and the applicable federal technology-based treatment requirements under 40 CFR part 125.3. D. SWPPP – Narrative Contents and Requirements The Permittee must include each of the 13 elements below in Special Condition S9.D.1-13 in the narrative of the SWPPP and implement them unless site conditions render the element unnecessary and the exemption from that element is clearly justified in the SWPPP. 1. Preserve Vegetation/Mark Clearing Limits a. Before beginning land-disturbing activities, including clearing and grading, clearly mark all clearing limits, sensitive areas and their buffers, and trees that are to be preserved within the construction area. b. Retain the duff layer, native topsoil, and natural vegetation in an undisturbed state to the maximum degree practicable. 2. Establish Construction Access a. Limit construction vehicle access and exit to one route, if possible. b. Stabilize access points with a pad of quarry spalls, crushed rock, or other equivalent BMPs, to minimize tracking sediment onto roads. c. Locate wheel wash or tire baths on site, if the stabilized construction entrance is not effective in preventing tracking sediment onto roads. d. If sediment is tracked off site, clean the affected roadway thoroughly at the end of each day, or more frequently as necessary (for example, during wet weather). Remove sediment from roads by shoveling, sweeping, or pickup and transport of the sediment to a controlled sediment disposal area. e. Conduct street washing only after sediment removal in accordance with Special Condition S9.D.2.d. Control street wash wastewater by pumping back on site or otherwise preventing it from discharging into systems tributary to waters of the State. 3. Control Flow Rates a. Protect properties and waterways downstream of development sites from erosion and the associated discharge of turbid waters due to increases in the Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 30 velocity and peak volumetric flow rate of stormwater runoff from the project site, as required by local plan approval authority. b. Where necessary to comply with Special Condition S9.D.3.a, construct stormwater retention or detention facilities as one of the first steps in grading. Assure that detention facilities function properly before constructing site improvements (for example, impervious surfaces). c. If permanent infiltration ponds are used for flow control during construction, protect these facilities from siltation during the construction phase. 4. Install Sediment Controls The Permittee must design, install and maintain effective erosion controls and sediment controls to minimize the discharge of pollutants. At a minimum, the Permittee must design, install and maintain such controls to: a. Construct sediment control BMPs (sediment ponds, traps, filters, infiltration facilities, etc.) as one of the first steps in grading. These BMPs must be functional before other land disturbing activities take place. b. Minimize sediment discharges from the site. The design, installation and maintenance of erosion and sediment controls must address factors such as the amount, frequency, intensity and duration of precipitation, the nature of resulting stormwater runoff, and soil characteristics, including the range of soil particle sizes expected to be present on the site. c. Direct stormwater runoff from disturbed areas through a sediment pond or other appropriate sediment removal BMP, before the runoff leaves a construction site or before discharge to an infiltration facility. Runoff from fully stabilized areas may be discharged without a sediment removal BMP, but must meet the flow control performance standard of Special Condition S9.D.3.a. d. Locate BMPs intended to trap sediment on site in a manner to avoid interference with the movement of juvenile salmonids attempting to enter off-channel areas or drainages. e. Provide and maintain natural buffers around surface waters, direct stormwater to vegetated areas to increase sediment removal and maximize stormwater infiltration, unless infeasible. f. Where feasible, design outlet structures that withdraw impounded stormwater from the surface to avoid discharging sediment that is still suspended lower in the water column. 5. Stabilize Soils a. The Permittee must stabilize exposed and unworked soils by application of effective BMPs that prevent erosion. Applicable BMPs include, but are not limited to: temporary and permanent seeding, sodding, mulching, plastic covering, erosion control fabrics and matting, soil application of polyacrylamide Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 31 (PAM), the early application of gravel base on areas to be paved, and dust control. b. The Permittee must control stormwater volume and velocity within the site to minimize soil erosion. c. The Permittee must control stormwater discharges, including both peak flow rates and total stormwater volume, to minimize erosion at outlets and to minimize downstream channel and stream bank erosion. d. Depending on the geographic location of the project, the Permittee must not allow soils to remain exposed and unworked for more than the time periods set forth below to prevent erosion: West of the Cascade Mountains Crest During the dry season (May 1 - September 30): 7 days During the wet season (October 1 - April 30): 2 days East of the Cascade Mountains Crest, except for Central Basin* During the dry season (July 1 - September 30): 10 days During the wet season (October 1 - June 30): 5 days The Central Basin*, East of the Cascade Mountains Crest During the dry season (July 1 - September 30): 30 days During the wet season (October 1 - June 30): 15 days *Note: The Central Basin is defined as the portions of Eastern Washington with mean annual precipitation of less than 12 inches. e. The Permittee must stabilize soils at the end of the shift before a holiday or weekend if needed based on the weather forecast. f. The Permittee must stabilize soil stockpiles from erosion, protected with sediment trapping measures, and where possible, be located away from storm drain inlets, waterways, and drainage channels. g. The Permittee must minimize the amount of soil exposed during construction activity. h. The Permittee must minimize the disturbance of steep slopes. i. The Permittee must minimize soil compaction and, unless infeasible, preserve topsoil. 6. Protect Slopes a. The Permittee must design and construct cut-and-fill slopes in a manner to minimize erosion. Applicable practices include, but are not limited to, reducing continuous length of slope with terracing and diversions, reducing slope steepness, and roughening slope surfaces (for example, track walking). Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 32 b. The Permittee must divert off-site stormwater (run-on) or ground water away from slopes and disturbed areas with interceptor dikes, pipes, and/or swales. Off-site stormwater should be managed separately from stormwater generated on the site. c. At the top of slopes, collect drainage in pipe slope drains or protected channels to prevent erosion. i. West of the Cascade Mountains Crest: Temporary pipe slope drains must handle the peak 10-minute flow rate from a Type 1A, 10-year, 24-hour frequency storm for the developed condition. Alternatively, the 10-year, 1-hour flow rate predicted by an approved continuous runoff model, increased by a factor of 1.6, may be used. The hydrologic analysis must use the existing land cover condition for predicting flow rates from tributary areas outside the project limits. For tributary areas on the project site, the analysis must use the temporary or permanent project land cover condition, whichever will produce the highest flow rates. If using the Western Washington Hydrology Model (WWHM) to predict flows, bare soil areas should be modeled as "landscaped area.” ii. East of the Cascade Mountains Crest: Temporary pipe slope drains must handle the expected peak flow rate from a 6-month, 3-hour storm for the developed condition, referred to as the short duration storm. d. Place excavated material on the uphill side of trenches, consistent with safety and space considerations. e. Place check dams at regular intervals within constructed channels that are cut down a slope. 7. Protect Drain Inlets a. Protect all storm drain inlets made operable during construction so that stormwater runoff does not enter the conveyance system without first being filtered or treated to remove sediment. b. Clean or remove and replace inlet protection devices when sediment has filled one-third of the available storage (unless a different standard is specified by the product manufacturer). 8. Stabilize Channels and Outlets a. Design, construct and stabilize all on-site conveyance channels to prevent erosion from the following expected peak flows: i. West of the Cascade Mountains Crest: Channels must handle the peak 10-minute flow rate from a Type 1A, 10-year, 24-hour frequency storm for the developed condition. Alternatively, the 10-year, 1-hour flow rate indicated by an approved continuous runoff model, increased by a factor of 1.6, may be used. The hydrologic analysis must use the existing land Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 33 cover condition for predicting flow rates from tributary areas outside the project limits. For tributary areas on the project site, the analysis must use the temporary or permanent project land cover condition, whichever will produce the highest flow rates. If using the WWHM to predict flows, bare soil areas should be modeled as "landscaped area.” ii. East of the Cascade Mountains Crest: Channels must handle the expected peak flow rate from a 6-month, 3-hour storm for the developed condition, referred to as the short duration storm. b. Provide stabilization, including armoring material, adequate to prevent erosion of outlets, adjacent stream banks, slopes, and downstream reaches at the outlets of all conveyance systems. 9. Control Pollutants Design, install, implement and maintain effective pollution prevention measures to minimize the discharge of pollutants. The Permittee must: a. Handle and dispose of all pollutants, including waste materials and demolition debris that occur on site in a manner that does not cause contamination of stormwater. b. Provide cover, containment, and protection from vandalism for all chemicals, liquid products, petroleum products, and other materials that have the potential to pose a threat to human health or the environment. On-site fueling tanks must include secondary containment. Secondary containment means placing tanks or containers within an impervious structure capable of containing 110% of the volume contained in the largest tank within the containment structure. Double- walled tanks do not require additional secondary containment. c. Conduct maintenance, fueling, and repair of heavy equipment and vehicles using spill prevention and control measures. Clean contaminated surfaces immediately following any spill incident. d. Discharge wheel wash or tire bath wastewater to a separate on-site treatment system that prevents discharge to surface water, such as closed-loop recirculation or upland land application, or to the sanitary sewer with local sewer district approval. e. Apply fertilizers and pesticides in a manner and at application rates that will not result in loss of chemical to stormwater runoff. Follow manufacturers’ label requirements for application rates and procedures. f. Use BMPs to prevent contamination of stormwater runoff by pH-modifying sources. The sources for this contamination include, but are not limited to: bulk cement, cement kiln dust, fly ash, new concrete washing and curing waters, recycled concrete stockpiles, waste streams generated from concrete grinding and sawing, exposed aggregate processes, dewatering concrete vaults, concrete Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 34 pumping and mixer washout waters. (Also refer to the definition for "concrete wastewater" in Appendix A--Definitions.) g. Adjust the pH of stormwater or authorized non-stormwater if necessary to prevent an exceedance of groundwater and/or surface water quality standards. h. Assure that washout of concrete trucks is performed off-site or in designated concrete washout areas only. Do not wash out concrete truck drums or concrete handling equipment onto the ground, or into storm drains, open ditches, streets, or streams. Washout of concrete handling equipment may be disposed of in a designated concrete washout area or in a formed area awating concrete where it will not contaminate surface or ground water. Do not dump excess concrete on site, except in designated concrete washout areas. Concrete spillage or concrete discharge directly to groundwater or surface waters of the State is prohibited. Do not wash out to formed areas awaiting LID facilities. i. Obtain written approval from Ecology before using any chemical treatment, with the exception of CO2 or dry ice used to adjust pH. j. Uncontaminated water from water-only based shaft drilling for construction of building, road, and bridge foundations may be infiltrated provided the wastewater is managed in a way that prohibits discharge to surface waters. Prior to infiltration, water from water-only based shaft drilling that comes into contact with curing concrete must be neutralized until pH is in the range of 6.5 to 8.5 (su). 10. Control Dewatering a. Permittees must discharge foundation, vault, and trench dewatering water, which have characteristics similar to stormwater runoff at the site, into a controlled conveyance system before discharge to a sediment trap or sediment pond. b. Permittees may discharge clean, non-turbid dewatering water, such as well- point ground water, to systems tributary to, or directly into surface waters of the State, as specified in Special Condition S9.D.8, provided the dewatering flow does not cause erosion or flooding of receiving waters. Do not route clean dewatering water through stormwater sediment ponds. Note that “surface waters of the State” may exist on a construction site as well as off site; for example, a creek running through a site. c. Other dewatering treatment or disposal options may include: i. Infiltration. ii. Transport off site in a vehicle, such as a vacuum flush truck, for legal disposal in a manner that does not pollute state waters. Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 35 iii. Ecology-approved on-site chemical treatment or other suitable treatment technologies (see S9.D.9.i. regarding chemical treatment written approval). iv. Sanitary or combined sewer discharge with local sewer district approval, if there is no other option. v. Use of a sedimentation bag with discharge to a ditch or swale for small volumes of localized dewatering. d. Permittees must handle highly turbid or contaminated dewatering water separately from stormwater. 11. Maintain BMPs a. Permittees must maintain and repair all temporary and permanent erosion and sediment control BMPs as needed to assure continued performance of their intended function in accordance with BMP specifications. b. Permittees must remove all temporary erosion and sediment control BMPs within 30 days after achieving final site stabilization or after the temporary BMPs are no longer needed. 12. Manage the Project a. Phase development projects to the maximum degree practicable and take into account seasonal work limitations. b. Inspection and monitoring – Inspect, maintain and repair all BMPs as needed to assure continued performance of their intended function. Conduct site inspections and monitoring in accordance with Special Condition S4. c. Maintaining an updated construction SWPPP – Maintain, update, and implement the SWPPP in accordance with Special Conditions S3, S4 and S9. 13. Protect Low Impact Development (LID) BMPs The primary purpose of LID BMPs/On-site LID Stormwater Management BMPs is to reduce the disruption of the natural site hydrology. LID BMPs are permanent facilities. a. Permittees must protect all Bioretention and Rain Garden facilities from sedimentation through installation and maintenance of erosion and sediment control BMPs on portions of the site that drain into the Bioretention and/or Rain Garden facilities. Restore the facilities to their fully functioning condition if they accumulate sediment during construction. Restoring the facility must include removal of sediment and any sediment-laden Bioretention/Rain Garden soils, and replacing the removed soils with soils meeting the design specification. Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 36 b. Permittees must maintain the infiltration capabilities of Bioretention and Rain Garden facilities by protecting against compaction by construction equipment and foot traffic. Protect completed lawn and landscaped areas from compaction due to construction equipment. c. Permittees must control erosion and avoid introducing sediment from surrounding land uses onto permeable pavements. Do not allow muddy construction equipment on the base material or pavement. Do not allow sediment-laden runoff onto permeable pavements. d. Permittees must clean permeable pavements fouled with sediments or no longer passing an initial infiltration test using local stormwater manual methodology or the manufacturer’s procedures. e. Permittees must keep all heavy equipment off existing soils under LID facilities that have been excavated to final grade to retain the infiltration rate of the soils. E. SWPPP – Map Contents and Requirements The Permittee’s SWPPP must also include a vicinity map or general location map (for example, a USGS quadrangle map, a portion of a county or city map, or other appropriate map) with enough detail to identify the location of the construction site and receiving waters within one mile of the site. The SWPPP must also include a legible site map (or maps) showing the entire construction site. The following features must be identified, unless not applicable due to site conditions: 1. The direction of north, property lines, and existing structures and roads. 2. Cut and fill slopes indicating the top and bottom of slope catch lines. 3. Approximate slopes, contours, and direction of stormwater flow before and after major grading activities. 4. Areas of soil disturbance and areas that will not be disturbed. 5. Locations of structural and nonstructural controls (BMPs) identified in the SWPPP. 6. Locations of off-site material, stockpiles, waste storage, borrow areas, and vehicle/equipment storage areas. 7. Locations of all surface water bodies, including wetlands. 8. Locations where stormwater or non-stormwater discharges off-site and/or to a surface waterbody, including wetlands. 9. Location of water quality sampling station(s), if sampling is required by state or local permitting authority. Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 37 10. Areas where final stabilization has been accomplished and no further construction- phase permit requirements apply. 11. Location or proposed location of LID facilities. S10. NOTICE OF TERMINATION A. The site is eligible for termination of coverage when it has met any of the following conditions: 1. The site has undergone final stabilization, the Permittee has removed all temporary BMPs (except biodegradable BMPs clearly manufactured with the intention for the material to be left in place and not interfere with maintenance or land use), and all stormwater discharges associated with construction activity have been eliminated; or 2. All portions of the site that have not undergone final stabilization per Special Condition S10.A.1 have been sold and/or transferred (per General Condition G9), and the Permittee no longer has operational control of the construction activity; or 3. For residential construction only, the Permittee has completed temporary stabilization and the homeowners have taken possession of the residences. B. When the site is eligible for termination, the Permittee must submit a complete and accurate Notice of Termination (NOT) form, signed in accordance with General Condition G2, to: Department of Ecology Water Quality Program – Construction Stormwater PO Box 47696 Olympia, Washington 98504-7696 When an electronic termination form is available, the Permittee may choose to submit a complete and accurate Notice of Termination (NOT) form through the Water Quality Permitting Portal rather than mailing a hardcopy as noted above. The termination is effective on the thirty-first calendar day following the date Ecology receives a complete NOT form, unless Ecology notifies the Permittee that the termination request is denied because the Permittee has not met the eligibility requirements in Special Condition S10.A. Permittees are required to comply with all conditions and effluent limitations in the permit until the permit has been terminated. Permittees transferring the property to a new property owner or operator/Permittee are required to complete and submit the Notice of Transfer form to Ecology, but are not required to submit a Notice of Termination form for this type of transaction. Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 38 GENERAL CONDITIONS G1. DISCHARGE VIOLATIONS All discharges and activities authorized by this general permit must be consistent with the terms and conditions of this general permit. Any discharge of any pollutant more frequent than or at a level in excess of that identified and authorized by the general permit must constitute a violation of the terms and conditions of this permit. G2. SIGNATORY REQUIREMENTS A. All permit applications must bear a certification of correctness to be signed: 1. In the case of corporations, by a responsible corporate officer; 2. In the case of a partnership, by a general partner of a partnership; 3. In the case of sole proprietorship, by the proprietor; or 4. In the case of a municipal, state, or other public facility, by either a principal executive officer or ranking elected official. B. All reports required by this permit and other information requested by Ecology (including NOIs, NOTs, and Transfer of Coverage forms) must be signed by a person described above or by a duly authorized representative of that person. A person is a duly authorized representative only if: 1. The authorization is made in writing by a person described above and submitted to Ecology. 2. The authorization specifies either an individual or a position having responsibility for the overall operation of the regulated facility, such as the position of plant manager, superintendent, position of equivalent responsibility, or an individual or position having overall responsibility for environmental matters. C. Changes to authorization. If an authorization under paragraph G2.B.2 above is no longer accurate because a different individual or position has responsibility for the overall operation of the facility, a new authorization satisfying the requirements of paragraph G2.B.2 above must be submitted to Ecology prior to or together with any reports, information, or applications to be signed by an authorized representative. D. Certification. Any person signing a document under this section must make the following certification: “I certify under penalty of law, that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gathered and evaluated the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering information, the information submitted is, to the best of my Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 39 knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations.” G3. RIGHT OF INSPECTION AND ENTRY The Permittee must allow an authorized representative of Ecology, upon the presentation of credentials and such other documents as may be required by law: A. To enter upon the premises where a discharge is located or where any records are kept under the terms and conditions of this permit. B. To have access to and copy – at reasonable times and at reasonable cost – any records required to be kept under the terms and conditions of this permit. C. To inspect – at reasonable times – any facilities, equipment (including monitoring and control equipment), practices, methods, or operations regulated or required under this permit. D. To sample or monitor – at reasonable times – any substances or parameters at any location for purposes of assuring permit compliance or as otherwise authorized by the Clean Water Act. G4. GENERAL PERMIT MODIFICATION AND REVOCATION This permit may be modified, revoked and reissued, or terminated in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 173-226 WAC. Grounds for modification, revocation and reissuance, or termination include, but are not limited to, the following: A. When a change occurs in the technology or practices for control or abatement of pollutants applicable to the category of dischargers covered under this permit. B. When effluent limitation guidelines or standards are promulgated pursuant to the CWA or Chapter 90.48 RCW, for the category of dischargers covered under this permit. C. When a water quality management plan containing requirements applicable to the category of dischargers covered under this permit is approved, or D. When information is obtained that indicates cumulative effects on the environment from dischargers covered under this permit are unacceptable. G5. REVOCATION OF COVERAGE UNDER THE PERMIT Pursuant to Chapter 43.21B RCW and Chapter 173-226 WAC, the Director may terminate coverage for any discharger under this permit for cause. Cases where coverage may be terminated include, but are not limited to, the following: A. Violation of any term or condition of this permit. B. Obtaining coverage under this permit by misrepresentation or failure to disclose fully all relevant facts. Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 40 C. A change in any condition that requires either a temporary or permanent reduction or elimination of the permitted discharge. D. Failure or refusal of the Permittee to allow entry as required in RCW 90.48.090. E. A determination that the permitted activity endangers human health or the environment, or contributes to water quality standards violations. F. Nonpayment of permit fees or penalties assessed pursuant to RCW 90.48.465 and Chapter 173-224 WAC. G. Failure of the Permittee to satisfy the public notice requirements of WAC 173-226- 130(5), when applicable. The Director may require any discharger under this permit to apply for and obtain coverage under an individual permit or another more specific general permit. Permittees who have their coverage revoked for cause according to WAC 173-226-240 may request temporary coverage under this permit during the time an individual permit is being developed, provided the request is made within ninety (90) days from the time of revocation and is submitted along with a complete individual permit application form. G6. REPORTING A CAUSE FOR MODIFICATION The Permittee must submit a new application, or a supplement to the previous application, whenever a material change to the construction activity or in the quantity or type of discharge is anticipated which is not specifically authorized by this permit. This application must be submitted at least sixty (60) days prior to any proposed changes. Filing a request for a permit modification, revocation and reissuance, or termination, or a notification of planned changes or anticipated noncompliance does not relieve the Permittee of the duty to comply with the existing permit until it is modified or reissued. G7. COMPLIANCE WITH OTHER LAWS AND STATUTES Nothing in this permit will be construed as excusing the Permittee from compliance with any applicable federal, state, or local statutes, ordinances, or regulations. G8. DUTY TO REAPPLY The Permittee must apply for permit renewal at least 180 days prior to the specified expiration date of this permit. The Permittee must reapply using the electronic application form (NOI) available on Ecology’s website. Permittees unable to submit electronically (for example, those who do not have an internet connection) must contact Ecology to request a waiver and obtain instructions on how to obtain a paper NOI. Department of Ecology Water Quality Program - Construction Stormwater PO Box 47696 Olympia, Washington 98504-7696 Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 41 G9. TRANSFER OF GENERAL PERMIT COVERAGE Coverage under this general permit is automatically transferred to a new discharger, including operators of lots/parcels within a common plan of development or sale, if: A. A written agreement (Transfer of Coverage Form) between the current discharger (Permittee) and new discharger, signed by both parties and containing a specific date for transfer of permit responsibility, coverage, and liability (including any Administrative Orders associated with the Permit) is submitted to the Director; and B. The Director does not notify the current discharger and new discharger of the Director’s intent to revoke coverage under the general permit. If this notice is not given, the transfer is effective on the date specified in the written agreement. When a current discharger (Permittee) transfers a portion of a permitted site, the current discharger must also submit an updated application form (NOI) to the Director indicating the remaining permitted acreage after the transfer. G10. REMOVED SUBSTANCES The Permittee must not re-suspend or reintroduce collected screenings, grit, solids, sludges, filter backwash, or other pollutants removed in the course of treatment or control of stormwater to the final effluent stream for discharge to state waters. G11. DUTY TO PROVIDE INFORMATION The Permittee must submit to Ecology, within a reasonable time, all information that Ecology may request to determine whether cause exists for modifying, revoking and reissuing, or terminating this permit or to determine compliance with this permit. The Permittee must also submit to Ecology, upon request, copies of records required to be kept by this permit [40 CFR 122.41(h)]. G12. OTHER REQUIREMENTS OF 40 CFR All other requirements of 40 CFR 122.41 and 122.42 are incorporated in this permit by reference. G13. ADDITIONAL MONITORING Ecology may establish specific monitoring requirements in addition to those contained in this permit by administrative order or permit modification. G14. PENALTIES FOR VIOLATING PERMIT CONDITIONS Any person who is found guilty of willfully violating the terms and conditions of this permit shall be deemed guilty of a crime, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of up to ten thousand dollars ($10,000) and costs of prosecution, or by imprisonment at the discretion of the court. Each day upon which a willful violation occurs may be deemed a separate and additional violation. Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 42 Any person who violates the terms and conditions of a waste discharge permit shall incur, in addition to any other penalty as provided by law, a civil penalty in the amount of up to ten thousand dollars ($10,000) for every such violation. Each and every such violation shall be a separate and distinct offense, and in case of a continuing violation, every day’s continuance shall be deemed to be a separate and distinct violation. G15. UPSET Definition – “Upset” means an exceptional incident in which there is unintentional and temporary noncompliance with technology-based permit effluent limitations because of factors beyond the reasonable control of the Permittee. An upset does not include noncompliance to the extent caused by operational error, improperly designed treatment facilities, inadequate treatment facilities, lack of preventive maintenance, or careless or improper operation. An upset constitutes an affirmative defense to an action brought for noncompliance with such technology-based permit effluent limitations if the requirements of the following paragraph are met. A Permittee who wishes to establish the affirmative defense of upset must demonstrate, through properly signed, contemporaneous operating logs or other relevant evidence that: 1) an upset occurred and that the Permittee can identify the cause(s) of the upset; 2) the permitted facility was being properly operated at the time of the upset; 3) the Permittee submitted notice of the upset as required in Special Condition S5.F, and; 4) the Permittee complied with any remedial measures required under this permit. In any enforcement proceeding, the Permittee seeking to establish the occurrence of an upset has the burden of proof. G16. PROPERTY RIGHTS This permit does not convey any property rights of any sort, or any exclusive privilege. G17. DUTY TO COMPLY The Permittee must comply with all conditions of this permit. Any permit noncompliance constitutes a violation of the Clean Water Act and is grounds for enforcement action; for permit termination, revocation and reissuance, or modification; or denial of a permit renewal application. G18. TOXIC POLLUTANTS The Permittee must comply with effluent standards or prohibitions established under Section 307(a) of the Clean Water Act for toxic pollutants within the time provided in the regulations that establish those standards or prohibitions, even if this permit has not yet been modified to incorporate the requirement. Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 43 G19. PENALTIES FOR TAMPERING The Clean Water Act provides that any person who falsifies, tampers with, or knowingly renders inaccurate any monitoring device or method required to be maintained under this permit shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 per violation, or by imprisonment for not more than two years per violation, or by both. If a conviction of a person is for a violation committed after a first conviction of such person under this condition, punishment shall be a fine of not more than $20,000 per day of violation, or imprisonment of not more than four (4) years, or both. G20. REPORTING PLANNED CHANGES The Permittee must, as soon as possible, give notice to Ecology of planned physical alterations, modifications or additions to the permitted construction activity. The Permittee should be aware that, depending on the nature and size of the changes to the original permit, a new public notice and other permit process requirements may be required. Changes in activities that require reporting to Ecology include those that will result in: A. The permitted facility being determined to be a new source pursuant to 40 CFR 122.29(b). B. A significant change in the nature or an increase in quantity of pollutants discharged, including but not limited to: for sites 5 acres or larger, a 20% or greater increase in acreage disturbed by construction activity. C. A change in or addition of surface water(s) receiving stormwater or non-stormwater from the construction activity. D. A change in the construction plans and/or activity that affects the Permittee’s monitoring requirements in Special Condition S4. Following such notice, permit coverage may be modified, or revoked and reissued pursuant to 40 CFR 122.62(a) to specify and limit any pollutants not previously limited. Until such modification is effective, any new or increased discharge in excess of permit limits or not specifically authorized by this permit constitutes a violation. G21. REPORTING OTHER INFORMATION Where the Permittee becomes aware that it failed to submit any relevant facts in a permit application, or submitted incorrect information in a permit application or in any report to Ecology, it must promptly submit such facts or information. G22. REPORTING ANTICIPATED NON-COMPLIANCE The Permittee must give advance notice to Ecology by submission of a new application or supplement thereto at least forty-five (45) days prior to commencement of such discharges, of any facility expansions, production increases, or other planned changes, such as process modifications, in the permitted facility or activity which may result in noncompliance with permit limits or conditions. Any maintenance of facilities, which might necessitate Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 44 unavoidable interruption of operation and degradation of effluent quality, must be scheduled during non-critical water quality periods and carried out in a manner approved by Ecology. G23. REQUESTS TO BE EXCLUDED FROM COVERAGE UNDER THE PERMIT Any discharger authorized by this permit may request to be excluded from coverage under the general permit by applying for an individual permit. The discharger must submit to the Director an application as described in WAC 173-220-040 or WAC 173-216-070, whichever is applicable, with reasons supporting the request. These reasons will fully document how an individual permit will apply to the applicant in a way that the general permit cannot. Ecology may make specific requests for information to support the request. The Director will either issue an individual permit or deny the request with a statement explaining the reason for the denial. When an individual permit is issued to a discharger otherwise subject to the construction stormwater general permit, the applicability of the construction stormwater general permit to that Permittee is automatically terminated on the effective date of the individual permit. G24. APPEALS A. The terms and conditions of this general permit, as they apply to the appropriate class of dischargers, are subject to appeal by any person within 30 days of issuance of this general permit, in accordance with Chapter 43.21B RCW, and Chapter 173-226 WAC. B. The terms and conditions of this general permit, as they apply to an individual discharger, are appealable in accordance with Chapter 43.21B RCW within 30 days of the effective date of coverage of that discharger. Consideration of an appeal of general permit coverage of an individual discharger is limited to the general permit’s applicability or nonapplicability to that individual discharger. C. The appeal of general permit coverage of an individual discharger does not affect any other dischargers covered under this general permit. If the terms and conditions of this general permit are found to be inapplicable to any individual discharger(s), the matter shall be remanded to Ecology for consideration of issuance of an individual permit or permits. G25. SEVERABILITY The provisions of this permit are severable, and if any provision of this permit, or application of any provision of this permit to any circumstance, is held invalid, the application of such provision to other circumstances, and the remainder of this permit shall not be affected thereby. G26. BYPASS PROHIBITED A. Bypass Procedures Bypass, which is the intentional diversion of waste streams from any portion of a treatment facility, is prohibited for stormwater events below the design criteria for Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 45 stormwater management. Ecology may take enforcement action against a Permittee for bypass unless one of the following circumstances (1, 2, 3 or 4) is applicable. 1. Bypass of stormwater is consistent with the design criteria and part of an approved management practice in the applicable stormwater management manual. 2. Bypass for essential maintenance without the potential to cause violation of permit limits or conditions. Bypass is authorized if it is for essential maintenance and does not have the potential to cause violations of limitations or other conditions of this permit, or adversely impact public health. 3. Bypass of stormwater is unavoidable, unanticipated, and results in noncompliance of this permit. This bypass is permitted only if: a. Bypass is unavoidable to prevent loss of life, personal injury, or severe property damage. “Severe property damage” means substantial physical damage to property, damage to the treatment facilities which would cause them to become inoperable, or substantial and permanent loss of natural resources which can reasonably be expected to occur in the absence of a bypass. b. There are no feasible alternatives to the bypass, such as the use of auxiliary treatment facilities, retention of untreated wastes, maintenance during normal periods of equipment downtime (but not if adequate backup equipment should have been installed in the exercise of reasonable engineering judgment to prevent a bypass which occurred during normal periods of equipment downtime or preventative maintenance), or transport of untreated wastes to another treatment facility. c. Ecology is properly notified of the bypass as required in Special Condition S5.F of this permit. 4. A planned action that would cause bypass of stormwater and has the potential to result in noncompliance of this permit during a storm event. The Permittee must notify Ecology at least thirty (30) days before the planned date of bypass. The notice must contain: a. A description of the bypass and its cause. b. An analysis of all known alternatives which would eliminate, reduce, or mitigate the need for bypassing. c. A cost-effectiveness analysis of alternatives including comparative resource damage assessment. d. The minimum and maximum duration of bypass under each alternative. e. A recommendation as to the preferred alternative for conducting the bypass. Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 46 f. The projected date of bypass initiation. g. A statement of compliance with SEPA. h. A request for modification of water quality standards as provided for in WAC 173-201A-110, if an exceedance of any water quality standard is anticipated. i. Steps taken or planned to reduce, eliminate, and prevent reoccurrence of the bypass. 5. For probable construction bypasses, the need to bypass is to be identified as early in the planning process as possible. The analysis required above must be considered during preparation of the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) and must be included to the extent practical. In cases where the probable need to bypass is determined early, continued analysis is necessary up to and including the construction period in an effort to minimize or eliminate the bypass. Ecology will consider the following before issuing an administrative order for this type bypass: a. If the bypass is necessary to perform construction or maintenance-related activities essential to meet the requirements of this permit. b. If there are feasible alternatives to bypass, such as the use of auxiliary treatment facilities, retention of untreated wastes, stopping production, maintenance during normal periods of equipment down time, or transport of untreated wastes to another treatment facility. c. If the bypass is planned and scheduled to minimize adverse effects on the public and the environment. After consideration of the above and the adverse effects of the proposed bypass and any other relevant factors, Ecology will approve, conditionally approve, or deny the request. The public must be notified and given an opportunity to comment on bypass incidents of significant duration, to the extent feasible. Approval of a request to bypass will be by administrative order issued by Ecology under RCW 90.48.120. B. Duty to Mitigate The Permittee is required to take all reasonable steps to minimize or prevent any discharge or sludge use or disposal in violation of this permit that has a reasonable likelihood of adversely affecting human health or the environment. Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 47 APPENDIX A – DEFINITIONS AKART is an acronym for “all known, available, and reasonable methods of prevention, control, and treatment.” AKART represents the most current methodology that can be reasonably required for preventing, controlling, or abating the pollutants and controlling pollution associated with a discharge. Applicable TMDL means a TMDL for turbidity, fine sediment, high pH, or phosphorus, which was completed and approved by EPA before January 1, 2016, or before the date the operator’s complete permit application is received by Ecology, whichever is later. Applicant means an operator seeking coverage under this permit. Benchmark means a pollutant concentration used as a permit threshold, below which a pollutant is considered unlikely to cause a water quality violation, and above which it may. When pollutant concentrations exceed benchmarks, corrective action requirements take effect. Benchmark values are not water quality standards and are not numeric effluent limitations; they are indicator values. Best Management Practices (BMPs) means schedules of activities, prohibitions of practices, maintenance procedures, and other physical, structural and/or managerial practices to prevent or reduce the pollution of waters of the State. BMPs include treatment systems, operating procedures, and practices to control: stormwater associated with construction activity, spillage or leaks, sludge or waste disposal, or drainage from raw material storage. Buffer means an area designated by a local jurisdiction that is contiguous to and intended to protect a sensitive area. Bypass means the intentional diversion of waste streams from any portion of a treatment facility. Calendar Day A period of 24 consecutive hours starting at 12:00 midnight and ending the following 12:00 midnight. Calendar Week (same as Week) means a period of seven consecutive days starting at 12:01 a.m. (0:01 hours) on Sunday. Certified Erosion and Sediment Control Lead (CESCL) means a person who has current certification through an approved erosion and sediment control training program that meets the minimum training standards established by Ecology (see BMP C160 in the SWMM). Chemical Treatment means the addition of chemicals to stormwater and/or authorized non- stormwater prior to filtration and discharge to surface waters. Clean Water Act (CWA) means the Federal Water Pollution Control Act enacted by Public Law 92-500, as amended by Public Laws 95-217, 95-576, 96-483, and 97-117; USC 1251 et seq. Combined Sewer means a sewer which has been designed to serve as a sanitary sewer and a storm sewer, and into which inflow is allowed by local ordinance. Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 48 Common Plan of Development or Sale means a site where multiple separate and distinct construction activities may be taking place at different times on different schedules and/or by different contractors, but still under a single plan. Examples include: 1) phased projects and projects with multiple filings or lots, even if the separate phases or filings/lots will be constructed under separate contract or by separate owners (e.g., a development where lots are sold to separate builders); 2) a development plan that may be phased over multiple years, but is still under a consistent plan for long-term development; 3) projects in a contiguous area that may be unrelated but still under the same contract, such as construction of a building extension and a new parking lot at the same facility; and 4) linear projects such as roads, pipelines, or utilities. If the project is part of a common plan of development or sale, the disturbed area of the entire plan must be used in determining permit requirements. Composite Sample means a mixture of grab samples collected at the same sampling point at different times, formed either by continuous sampling or by mixing discrete samples. May be "time-composite" (collected at constant time intervals) or "flow-proportional" (collected either as a constant sample volume at time intervals proportional to stream flow, or collected by increasing the volume of each aliquot as the flow increases while maintaining a constant time interval between the aliquots. Concrete Wastewater means any water used in the production, pouring and/or clean-up of concrete or concrete products, and any water used to cut, grind, wash, or otherwise modify concrete or concrete products. Examples include water used for or resulting from concrete truck/mixer/pumper/tool/chute rinsing or washing, concrete saw cutting and surfacing (sawing, coring, grinding, roughening, hydro-demolition, bridge and road surfacing). When stormwater comingles with concrete wastewater, the resulting water is considered concrete wastewater and must be managed to prevent discharge to waters of the State, including ground water. Construction Activity means land disturbing operations including clearing, grading or excavation which disturbs the surface of the land. Such activities may include road construction, construction of residential houses, office buildings, or industrial buildings, site preparation, soil compaction, movement and stockpiling of topsoils, and demolition activity. Contaminant means any hazardous substance that does not occur naturally or occurs at greater than natural background levels. See definition of “hazardous substance” and WAC 173-340-200. Contaminated Groundwater means groundwater which contains contaminants, pollutants, or hazardous substances that do not occur naturally or occur at levels greater than natural background. Contaminated Soil means soil which contains contaminants, pollutants, or hazardous substances that do not occur naturally or occur at levels greater than natural background. Demonstrably Equivalent means that the technical basis for the selection of all stormwater BMPs is documented within a SWPPP, including: 1. The method and reasons for choosing the stormwater BMPs selected. Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 49 2. The pollutant removal performance expected from the BMPs selected. 3. The technical basis supporting the performance claims for the BMPs selected, including any available data concerning field performance of the BMPs selected. 4. An assessment of how the selected BMPs will comply with state water quality standards. 5. An assessment of how the selected BMPs will satisfy both applicable federal technology- based treatment requirements and state requirements to use all known, available, and reasonable methods of prevention, control, and treatment (AKART). Department means the Washington State Department of Ecology. Detention means the temporary storage of stormwater to improve quality and/or to reduce the mass flow rate of discharge. Dewatering means the act of pumping ground water or stormwater away from an active construction site. Director means the Director of the Washington State Department of Ecology or his/her authorized representative. Discharger means an owner or operator of any facility or activity subject to regulation under Chapter 90.48 RCW or the Federal Clean Water Act. Domestic Wastewater means water carrying human wastes, including kitchen, bath, and laundry wastes from residences, buildings, industrial establishments, or other places, together with such ground water infiltration or surface waters as may be present. Ecology means the Washington State Department of Ecology. Engineered Soils means the use of soil amendments including, but not limited, to Portland cement treated base (CTB), cement kiln dust (CKD), or fly ash to achieve certain desirable soil characteristics. Equivalent BMPs means operational, source control, treatment, or innovative BMPs which result in equal or better quality of stormwater discharge to surface water or to ground water than BMPs selected from the SWMM. Erosion means the wearing away of the land surface by running water, wind, ice, or other geological agents, including such processes as gravitational creep. Erosion and Sediment Control BMPs means BMPs intended to prevent erosion and sedimentation, such as preserving natural vegetation, seeding, mulching and matting, plastic covering, filter fences, sediment traps, and ponds. Erosion and sediment control BMPs are synonymous with stabilization and structural BMPs. Federal Operator is an entity that meets the definition of “Operator” in this permit and is either any department, agency or instrumentality of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 50 the Federal government of the United States, or another entity, such as a private contractor, performing construction activity for any such department, agency, or instrumentality. Final Stabilization (same as fully stabilized or full stabilization) means the establishment of a permanent vegetative cover, or equivalent permanent stabilization measures (examples of permanent non-vegetative stabilization methods include, but are not limited to riprap, gabions or geotextiles) which prevents erosion. Ground Water means water in a saturated zone or stratum beneath the land surface or a surface waterbody. Hazardous Substance means any dangerous or extremely hazardous waste as defined in RCW 70.105.010 (5) and (6), or any dangerous or extremely dangerous waste as designated by rule under chapter 70.105 RCW; any hazardous substance as defined in RCW 70.105.010(10) or any hazardous substance as defined by rule under chapter 70.105 RCW; any substance that, on the effective date of this section, is a hazardous substance under section 101(14) of the federal cleanup law, 42 U.S.C., Sec. 9601(14); petroleum or petroleum products; and any substance or category of substances, including solid waste decomposition products, determined by the director by rule to present a threat to human health or the environment if released into the environment. The term hazardous substance does not include any of the following when contained in an underground storage tank from which there is not a release: crude oil or any fraction thereof or petroleum, if the tank is in compliance with all applicable federal, state, and local law. Injection Well means a well that is used for the subsurface emplacement of fluids. (See Well.) Jurisdiction means a political unit such as a city, town or county; incorporated for local self- government. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) means the national program for issuing, modifying, revoking and reissuing, terminating, monitoring, and enforcing permits, and imposing and enforcing pretreatment requirements, under sections 307, 402, 318, and 405 of the Federal Clean Water Act, for the discharge of pollutants to surface waters of the State from point sources. These permits are referred to as NPDES permits and, in Washington State, are administered by the Washington State Department of Ecology. Notice of Intent (NOI) means the application for, or a request for coverage under this general permit pursuant to WAC 173-226-200. Notice of Termination (NOT) means a request for termination of coverage under this general permit as specified by Special Condition S10 of this permit. Operator means any party associated with a construction project that meets either of the following two criteria:  The party has operational control over construction plans and specifications, including the ability to make modifications to those plans and specifications; or Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 51  The party has day-to-day operational control of those activities at a project that are necessary to ensure compliance with a SWPPP for the site or other permit conditions (e.g., they are authorized to direct workers at a site to carry out activities required by the SWPPP or comply with other permit conditions). Permittee means individual or entity that receives notice of coverage under this general permit. pH means a liquid’s measure of acidity or alkalinity. A pH of 7 is defined as neutral. Large variations above or below this value are considered harmful to most aquatic life. pH Monitoring Period means the time period in which the pH of stormwater runoff from a site must be tested a minimum of once every seven days to determine if stormwater pH is between 6.5 and 8.5. Point Source means any discernible, confined, and discrete conveyance, including but not limited to, any pipe, ditch, channel, tunnel, conduit, well, discrete fissure, and container from which pollutants are or may be discharged to surface waters of the State. This term does not include return flows from irrigated agriculture. (See Fact Sheet for further explanation.) Pollutant means dredged spoil, solid waste, incinerator residue, filter backwash, sewage, garbage, domestic sewage sludge (biosolids), munitions, chemical wastes, biological materials, radioactive materials, heat, wrecked or discarded equipment, rock, sand, cellar dirt, and industrial, municipal, and agricultural waste. This term does not include sewage from vessels within the meaning of section 312 of the CWA, nor does it include dredged or fill material discharged in accordance with a permit issued under section 404 of the CWA. Pollution means contamination or other alteration of the physical, chemical, or biological properties of waters of the State; including change in temperature, taste, color, turbidity, or odor of the waters; or such discharge of any liquid, gaseous, solid, radioactive or other substance into any waters of the State as will or is likely to create a nuisance or render such waters harmful, detrimental or injurious to the public health, safety or welfare; or to domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational, or other legitimate beneficial uses; or to livestock, wild animals, birds, fish or other aquatic life. Process Wastewater means any water which, during manufacturing or processing, comes into direct contact with or results from the production or use of any raw material, intermediate product, finished product, byproduct, or waste product. If stormwater commingles with process wastewater, the commingled water is considered process wastewater. Receiving Water means the waterbody at the point of discharge. If the discharge is to a storm sewer system, either surface or subsurface, the receiving water is the waterbody to which the storm system discharges. Systems designed primarily for other purposes such as for ground water drainage, redirecting stream natural flows, or for conveyance of irrigation water/return flows that coincidentally convey stormwater are considered the receiving water. Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 52 Representative means a stormwater or wastewater sample which represents the flow and characteristics of the discharge. Representative samples may be a grab sample, a time- proportionate composite sample, or a flow proportionate sample. Ecology’s Construction Stormwater Monitoring Manual provides guidance on representative sampling. Responsible Corporate Officer for the purpose of signatory authority means: (i) a president, secretary, treasurer, or vice-president of the corporation in charge of a principal business function, or any other person who performs similar policy- or decision-making functions for the corporation, or (ii) the manager of one or more manufacturing, production, or operating facilities, provided, the manager is authorized to make management decisions which govern the operation of the regulated facility including having the explicit or implicit duty of making major capital investment recommendations, and initiating and directing other comprehensive measures to assure long term environmental compliance with environmental laws and regulations; the manager can ensure that the necessary systems are established or actions taken to gather complete and accurate information for permit application requirements; and where authority to sign documents has been assigned or delegated to the manager in accordance with corporate procedures (40 CFR 122.22). Sanitary Sewer means a sewer which is designed to convey domestic wastewater. Sediment means the fragmented material that originates from the weathering and erosion of rocks or unconsolidated deposits, and is transported by, suspended in, or deposited by water. Sedimentation means the depositing or formation of sediment. Sensitive Area means a waterbody, wetland, stream, aquifer recharge area, or channel migration zone. SEPA (State Environmental Policy Act) means the Washington State Law, RCW 43.21C.020, intended to prevent or eliminate damage to the environment. Significant Amount means an amount of a pollutant in a discharge that is amenable to available and reasonable methods of prevention or treatment; or an amount of a pollutant that has a reasonable potential to cause a violation of surface or ground water quality or sediment management standards. Significant Concrete Work means greater than 1000 cubic yards poured concrete or recycled concrete used over the life of a project. Significant Contributor of Pollutants means a facility determined by Ecology to be a contributor of a significant amount(s) of a pollutant(s) to waters of the State of Washington. Site means the land or water area where any "facility or activity" is physically located or conducted. Source Control BMPs means physical, structural or mechanical devices or facilities that are intended to prevent pollutants from entering stormwater. A few examples of source control Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 53 BMPs are erosion control practices, maintenance of stormwater facilities, constructing roofs over storage and working areas, and directing wash water and similar discharges to the sanitary sewer or a dead end sump. Stabilization means the application of appropriate BMPs to prevent the erosion of soils, such as, temporary and permanent seeding, vegetative covers, mulching and matting, plastic covering and sodding. See also the definition of Erosion and Sediment Control BMPs. Storm Drain means any drain which drains directly into a storm sewer system, usually found along roadways or in parking lots. Storm Sewer System means a means a conveyance, or system of conveyances (including roads with drainage systems, municipal streets, catch basins, curbs, gutters, ditches, manmade channels, or storm drains designed or used for collecting or conveying stormwater. This does not include systems which are part of a combined sewer or Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) as defined at 40 CFR 122.2. Stormwater means that portion of precipitation that does not naturally percolate into the ground or evaporate, but flows via overland flow, interflow, pipes, and other features of a stormwater drainage system into a defined surface waterbody, or a constructed infiltration facility. Stormwater Management Manual (SWMM) or Manual means the technical Manual published by Ecology for use by local governments that contain descriptions of and design criteria for BMPs to prevent, control, or treat pollutants in stormwater. Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) means a documented plan to implement measures to identify, prevent, and control the contamination of point source discharges of stormwater. Surface Waters of the State includes lakes, rivers, ponds, streams, inland waters, salt waters, and all other surface waters and water courses within the jurisdiction of the State of Washington. Temporary Stabilization means the exposed ground surface has been covered with appropriate materials to provide temporary stabilization of the surface from water or wind erosion. Materials include, but are not limited to, mulch, riprap, erosion control mats or blankets and temporary cover crops. Seeding alone is not considered stabilization. Temporary stabilization is not a substitute for the more permanent “final stabilization.” Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) means a calculation of the maximum amount of a pollutant that a waterbody can receive and still meet state water quality standards. Percentages of the total maximum daily load are allocated to the various pollutant sources. A TMDL is the sum of the allowable loads of a single pollutant from all contributing point and nonpoint sources. The TMDL calculations must include a "margin of safety" to ensure that the waterbody can be protected in case there are unforeseen events or unknown sources of the pollutant. The calculation must also account for seasonable variation in water quality. Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 54 Transfer of Coverage (TOC) means a request for transfer of coverage under this general permit as specified by General Condition G9 of this permit. Treatment BMPs means BMPs that are intended to remove pollutants from stormwater. A few examples of treatment BMPs are detention ponds, oil/water separators, biofiltration, and constructed wetlands. Transparency means a measurement of water clarity in centimeters (cm), using a 60 cm transparency tube. The transparency tube is used to estimate the relative clarity or transparency of water by noting the depth at which a black and white Secchi disc becomes visible when water is released from a value in the bottom of the tube. A transparency tube is sometimes referred to as a “turbidity tube.” Turbidity means the clarity of water expressed as nephelometric turbidity units (NTUs) and measured with a calibrated turbidimeter. Uncontaminated means free from any contaminant. See definition of “contaminant” and WAC 173-340-200. Waste Load Allocation (WLA) means the portion of a receiving water’s loading capacity that is allocated to one of its existing or future point sources of pollution. WLAs constitute a type of water quality based effluent limitation (40 CFR 130.2[h]). Water-only Based Shaft Drilling is a shaft drilling process that uses water only and no additives are involved in the drilling of shafts for construction of building, road, or bridge foundations. Water quality means the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water, usually with respect to its suitability for a particular purpose. Waters of the State includes those waters as defined as "waters of the United States" in 40 CFR Subpart 122.2 within the geographic boundaries of Washington State and "waters of the State" as defined in Chapter 90.48 RCW, which include lakes, rivers, ponds, streams, inland waters, underground waters, salt waters, and all other surface waters and water courses within the jurisdiction of the state of Washington. Well means a bored, drilled or driven shaft, or dug hole whose depth is greater than the largest surface dimension. (See Injection well.) Wheel Wash Wastewater means any water used in, or resulting from the operation of, a tire bath or wheel wash (BMP C106: Wheel Wash), or other structure or practice that uses water to physically remove mud and debris from vehicles leaving a construction site and prevent track- out onto roads. When stormwater comingles with wheel wash wastewater, the resulting water is considered wheel wash wastewater and must be managed according to Special Condition S9.D.9. Construction Stormwater General Permit Page 55 APPENDIX B – ACRONYMS AKART All Known, Available, and Reasonable Methods of Prevention, Control, and Treatment BMP Best Management Practice CESCL Certified Erosion and Sediment Control Lead CFR Code of Federal Regulations CKD Cement Kiln Dust cm Centimeters CTB Cement-Treated Base CWA Clean Water Act DMR Discharge Monitoring Report EPA Environmental Protection Agency ERTS Environmental Report Tracking System ESC Erosion and Sediment Control FR Federal Register LID Low Impact Development NOI Notice of Intent NOT Notice of Termination NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Unit RCW Revised Code of Washington SEPA State Environmental Policy Act SWMM Stormwater Management Manual SWPPP Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan TMDL Total Maximum Daily Load UIC Underground Injection Control USC United States Code USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency WAC Washington Administrative Code WQ Water Quality WWHM Western Washington Hydrology Model Cyprus Lane 30 F. 303(d) List Waterbodies / TMDL Waterbodies Information Cyprus Lane 31 G. Contaminated Site Information Cyprus Lane 32 H. Engineering Calculations South Basin Predevelopment Runoff Postdevelopment Runoff Tr (Years) Discharge (cfs) Tr (Years) Discharge (cfs) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2-Year 0.102 2-Year 0.973 5-Year 0.164 5-Year 1.281 10-Year 0.214 10-Year 1.583 25-Year 0.294 25-Year 2.003 50-Year 0.370 50-Year 2.661 100-Year 0.392 100-Year 3.301 200-Year 0.627 200-Year 3.342 500-Year 0.942 500-Year 3.374 TESC Pond Surface Area Calculation TESC Pond minimum surface area, SA, is determined by the following equation: SA = 2080 sf/cfs * (Total Q10-developed) (page D-47, 2016 KCSWDM) Where: SA = minimum TESC pond surface area (sf) Q10-developed = 1.583 CFS = 10-year developed, 15-minute, peak flow SAmin = 3,293 SF The design surface area of the proposed detention vault is 5,104 square feet which is more than enough to provide adequate erosion and sedimentation control. Principal Spillway (Riser Pipe) The riser pipe must pass the developed condition 10-year peak flow using MGSFlood 15-minute time steps (1.583 CFS) with 0.5 ft of head. Therefore, using Figure 5.3.4.H (page 5-47 2016 KCSWDM) the minimum riser pipe diameter is 10 inches. A 12-inch diameter riser will be provided for the temporary sediment pond. Cyprus Lane 33 Dewatering Orifice The dewatering orifice diameter must be at least one inch and is sized using a three step process, outlined on page D-48 of the 2016 KCSWDM. 1. Determine the required area of the orifice A modified version of the discharge equation for a vertical orifice is used to determine the required orifice surface area, as follows: Cyprus Lane 34 𝐴𝑂=𝐴𝑆(2ℎ)0.5 0.6𝑥3600𝑥𝑇𝑔0.5 Where: AO = orifice area (sf) AS = required pond surface area (3,293 sf) h = head of water above orifice (10 ft, minimum per Section D.3.5.2 2009 KCSWDM) T = dewatering time (24 hours, page D-48 2009 KCSWDM) g = acceleration due to gravity (32.2 ft/s2) AO = 0.05 sf 2. Convert the required surface area to the required diameter, D (inches) The required surface area of the orifice is converted to the required diameter, D, using a basic equation for the area of a circular orifice, as follows: 𝐷=24𝑥√𝐴𝑂 𝜋 D = 3.03” = 3 1/8 inches 3. Determine the size of the vertical, perforated tubing connected to the dewatering orifice The minimum diameter for the perforated tubing connected to the dewatering orifice is 2 inches larger than the orifice. Therefore, the minimum tubing diameter = 6 inches. Cyprus Lane 35 West Basin Predevelopment Runoff Postdevelopment Runoff Tr (Years) Discharge (cfs) Tr (Years) Discharge (cfs) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2-Year 3.688E-02 2-Year 0.207 5-Year 5.513E-02 5-Year 0.276 10-Year 7.162E-02 10-Year 0.339 25-Year 8.845E-02 25-Year 0.434 50-Year 0.114 50-Year 0.578 100-Year 0.124 100-Year 0.721 200-Year 0.177 200-Year 0.727 500-Year 0.248 500-Year 0.730 TESC Pond Surface Area Calculation TESC Pond minimum surface area, SA, is determined by the following equation: SA = 2080 sf/cfs * (Total Q10-developed) (page D-47, 2016 KCSWDM) Where: SA = minimum TESC pond surface area (sf) Q10-developed = 0.339 CFS = 10-year developed, 15-minute, peak flow SAmin = 706 sf The design surface area of the proposed detention vault is 1,512 square feet. Principal Spillway (Riser Pipe) The riser pipe must pass the developed condition 10-year peak flow using MGSFlood 15-minute time steps with 0.5 feet of head. Therefore, using Figure 5.3.4.H (page 5-47 2016 KCSWDM) the minimum riser pipe diameter is 10 inches. A 12-inch diameter riser pipe will be provided. Cyprus Lane 36 Dewatering Orifice The dewatering orifice diameter must be at least one inch and is sized using a three step process, outlined on page D-48 of the 2016 KCSWDM. 1. Determine the required area of the orifice A modified version of the discharge equation for a vertical orifice is used to determine the required orifice surface area, as follows: Cyprus Lane 37 𝐴𝑂=𝐴𝑆(2ℎ)0.5 0.6𝑥3600𝑥𝑇𝑔0.5 Where: AO = orifice area (sf) AS = required pond surface area (706 sf) h = head of water above orifice (5.1 ft, minimum per Section D.3.5.2 2009 KCSWDM) T = dewatering time (24 hours, page D-48 2009 KCSWDM) g = acceleration due to gravity (32.2 ft/s2) AO = 0.008 sf 2. Convert the required surface area to the required diameter, D (inches) The required surface area of the orifice is converted to the required diameter, D, using a basic equation for the area of a circular orifice, as follows: 𝐷=24𝑥√𝐴𝑂 𝜋 D = 1.21” = 1 1/8 inches 3. Determine the size of the vertical, perforated tubing connected to the dewatering orifice The minimum diameter for the perforated tubing connected to the dewatering orifice is 2 inches larger than the orifice. Therefore, the minimum tubing diameter = 4 inches.