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HomeMy WebLinkAboutMisc 23.3 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH This section of the DE IS describes the existing environmental health-related conditions on the Quendall Terminals site and provides a summary of the site remediation and cleanup process. Potential environmental health-related impacts associated with redevelopment .under theEIS alternatives and mitigation measures to address potential impacts are identified. This section is based on the Hazardous Substances section of the Technical Report: Geology, Groundwater, and Soils (November 2010) prepared by Associated Earth Sciences, Inc. (see Appendix D to this DE IS). 3.3.1 Affected Environment Site History In 1916, early homesteaders sold the Quendall Terminals Main Property to Peter Reilly, who began the operation of Republic Creosoting in 1917. The property was used for creosote manufacturing for more than 50 years, until 1969. Operations on the property primarily included the distillation of coal and oil-gas tar residues (coal tar) that were obtained from local coal gasification plants. Tar feedstock was typically transported to the facility onsite from Lake Union and unloaded from tankers or barges at a t-dock that extended out into Lake Washington or at a shorter, near-shore pier. The feed stock was unloaded into two two-million gallon, above-ground storage tanks. Above-ground pipes transferred the feedstock from the tanks to the manufacturing facilities. Once distilled, several fractions were stored in tanks (light distillates and creosote) or below-grade pitch bays (heavy distillates) prior to being transported offsite for various uses. Light distillates were used for chemical manufacturing feedstock, middle distillates (creosote) were used for wood preservation and heavy (bottom) distillates (pitch) were used for applications such as roofing tar. At the peak of its productivity, the Republic Creosoting facility produced approximately 500,000 gallons of tar per month. Wastes produced by the manufacturing processes were disposed of onsite; solid wastes were placed near the shoreline and liquid wastes were discharged to two sumps. In addition to site-produced wastes, foundry slag from PACCAR was reportedly used as fill at the site. In 1971, Quendall Terminals purchased the site and leased the above-ground tanks that remained from the creosote facility for the storage of waste oil, diesel, and lard. From 1975 until 2009, Quendall Terminals used the Main Property for log storage and sorting. The Quendall Terminals Isolated Property is comprised of existing trees and vegetation associated with two wetlands. There have been no historic industrial uses on the Isolated Property site and no associated site contamination or hazardous substance issues. Both the Quendall Terminals Main Property and Isolated Property are currently vacant and essentially unused. Site Remediation and Cleanup Process As stated above, from about 1916 to 2008, various industrial activities, including creosote manufacturing, petroleum product storage, and log sorting/storage, have occurred on the Quendall Terminals Main Property, and have resulted in the release of various contaminants to the soil and groundwater at the property. From the 1980s through 2005, the Washington State Quendall Terminals Draft E/S December 2010 DWT 18418592v3 00}2695-O00004 3.3-1 Environmental Health Department of Ecology (Ecology) provided oversight for the remediation/cleanup of the site under the Model Toxics Control Act (MTCA). Under Ecology's guidance, a Remedial Investigation report was completed in 1997 and a draft Risk Assessment/Feasibility Study was completed in 2004. In 2005, Ecology requested that the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) assume responsibility for directing and overseeing the remediation of the Quendall Terminals Main Property and the property was subsequently added to EPA's Superfund National Priorities List (NPL) in 2006. In September 2006, the property owners (Altino Properties and J.H. Baxter and Company) entered into an Administrative Order on Consent (AOC) with EPA that required them to complete a remedial investigation (RI) and feasibility study (FS). The RI/FS is intended to comprehensively evaluate environmental conditions at the site and review various remediation options from which EPA will chose a preferred cleanup remedy; a final cleanup remedy will be selected following a public comment period. Remediation activities will be conducted as part of a separate action and are not a part of the AOC requirements or the environmental review for the proposed Quendall Terminals redevelopment. The property owners and EPA are currently completing a draft RI and risk assessment report, and are in the process of preparing a draft FS report. It is anticipated that the Proposed Plan proposing a cleanup approach will be provided for public review and comment in spring 2013. A summary of the preliminary draft RI and an outline of the FS process is provided below. The site will undergo cleanup/remediation under its status as a superfund site by EPA, pursuant to the final cleanup plans defined by EPA. Following public comment, EPA is expected to select the final site remedy that will be documented in the Record of Decision in fall 2014. Preliminary Draft Remedial Investigation (RI) Results The draft RI report for the Quendall Terminals Main Property will include a summary of the history of the property and past industrial activities; a summary of past site characterization data; identification of data gaps; identification of contaminants of interest; and, documentation of the extent of contamination in all the media (soil, groundwater and sediment). The preliminary draft RI report available at the time this DEIS was prepared identifies hazardous chemicals associated with past site use that could potentially pose a risk to human health and the environment. Chemicals of potential concern are listed in Table 2 of Appendix D and include arsenic, benzene and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), among others. Extent of Contamination Most of the contamination that is present on the Quendall Terminals Main Property is isolated and contained within the property. Contamination on the Main Property consists of chemicals of potential concern that are adhered to soil particles, dissolved into water or concentrated as dense, non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) in the subsurface. The DNAPL represents actual liquid product that has leaked into the ground. Since DNAPL has a higher density than water, it will tend to sink below the water table to accumulate in the higher permeability portions of the subsurface soils (see Figure 11 in Appendix D for the approximate locations of DNAPL in the subsurface of the site). Large areas of soil contamination are located on the east side of the Main Property, near the former manufacturing facility and railroad auxiliary track, and at the east end of the former T- dock pier. Along the southern and eastern boundaries of the property, fill soils range from about QuendaJ/ Terminals Draft E/S December 2010 DWT 18418592v3 0032695.{)00004 3.3-2 Environmental Health 1 to 2 feet thick, while in other areas the fill is more than 10 feet thick (see Figures 12 and 13 in Appendix D for the approximate extent of soil contamination). Groundwater contamination in the Shallow Aquifer beneath the site underlies a majority of the Quendall Terminals Main Property. Contamination in the Deep Aquifer mostly occurs under the western portion of the Main Property, generally centered along the shoreline of Lake Washington (see Figures 14 and 15 in Appendix D for the approximate extent of groundwater contamination). Sediment contamination is generally centered around the former T -dock pier and west east of the Quendall Terminals Main Property boundary (see Figures 16 and 17 in Appendix D for the approximate extent of contamination in the sediments underlying Lake Washington). Feasibility Study (FS) Process The purpose of the FS is to evaluate appropriate remedial alternatives and select a preferred remediation alternative for the Quendall Terminals site. Various remedial alternatives have been evaluated as part of the Draft Focused FS conducted under Ecology's oversight, and these evaluations will be updated and modified as appropriate to address EPA's requirements for a cleanup at the Quendall site. EPA's preferred remediation alternative will consist of actions such that the post-cleanup conditions at Quendall will be protective of human health and the environment in addition to satisfying all pertinent health and environmental regulations. The preferred remediation alternative will be documented in the Quendall Record of Decision (ROD) following a public comment period. Development of Quendall Pre-ROD DEIS Baseline This DEIS assumes an existing/baseline condition subsequent to cleanup (that is, the condition of the site after cleanup has been accomplished). The baseline condition for this DEIS was developed considering potential cleanup actions, any necessary wetland mitigation as needed to compensate for environmental impacts resulting from those cleanup actions (based on the 1983 Renton Shoreline Management Plan and Appendix E of the DE IS) and shoreline restoration associated with any potential settlement to address alleged natural resource damage. The cleanup for Quendall will not be determined until the ROD is issued and, accordingly, the specifications for wetland mitigation cannot be finalized until the ROD has been approved specifying the requirements for cleanup. Also, for Quendall, potential settlement of any alleged natural resource damages would probably occur after the ROD has been issued. Even though EPA has not selected the final remedy, the Agency was consulted in developing this baseline condition, which will be used solely for evaluation of potential impacts associated with redevelopment. In the event the final cleanup remedy selected by EPA in the ROD is significantly different from the assumptions described in this EIS, the City will determine whether such changes warrant submittal of a supplemental EIS or other documentation. Moreover, the Applicant will be required to comply with any requirements that may be imposed by EPA as a part of cleanup, even if those requirements are not articulated in this EIS. The following remediation and restoration elements form the baseline condition for purposes of this DE IS: • Clean surface soil will be present when the remedy is complete. Areas of the site that require remediation will be remediated. Potential remedial actions include but are not Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18418592v3 0032695-000004 3.3-3 Environmental Health limited to soil removal and replacement with clean fill and capping. Overall, the resulting remediation will be protective of human health and the environment in addition to satisfying all pertinent health and environmental regulations. • Existing on-site wetlands will be filled and a Shoreline Restoration Plan will be implemented, including re-establishing and expanding wetlands, and recreating/enhancing riparian habitat for mitigation and/or as part of a potential natural resource damages settlement as described in more detail in Section 3.2. While the specific shoreline plan will not be finalized until the ROD and/or a potential natural resource damages settlement, this EIS assumes a post-remediation condition that would allow the greatest area for redevelopment based on 1983 Renton Shoreline Management Plan and Appendix E of the DEIS. As part of the remedy, EPA may require additional mitigation that will reduce the site area available for redevelopment and if this results in baseline conditions significantly different than those assumed in this EIS, the City will determine whether the difference would warrant submittal of a supplemental EIS or other documentation as appropriate. • Implementation of institutional controls to prevent alteration of any of the caps or other components of the EPA remedy and wetland and habitat restoration during redevelopment without prior EPA approval, and to prevent the use of on-site groundwater for any purpose. For example, in areas that are capped, institutional controls may prevent digging without prior EPA approval. • Implementation of an Operations, Maintenance and Monitoring Plan (OMMP) that would present a process for obtaining EPA approval if future excavations, utility installations or other site disturbances are proposed after implementation of the final remedial action. Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 OWT 18418592v3 0032695·000004 3.3-4 En vironmental Health Impacts Redevelopment under Altematives 1 and 2 would include mixed-use development with a variety of densities and building heights; however, construction activities under Alternatives 1 and 2 are anticipated to be similar and would require a similar amount of grading and cut/fill as part of redevelopment. Therefore, it is anticipated that potential environmental health-related impacts associated with redevelopment would be similar under Alternatives 1 and 2. Alternatives 1 and 2 Prior to redevelopment under Alternatives 1 and 2, the Quendall Terminals Main Property will undergo cleanup and remediation under the oversight of the EPA, as described in the previous section. The primary elements of this cleanup/remediation assumed in this EIS are listed above. It is assumed that the surface of the Main Property will be covered with clean soil or other capping material, which will prevent exposure to contaminated soils and groundwater that pose a risk to humans and the environment during and following construction. Redevelopment of the site is being coordinated with the cleanup/remediation process and would be conducted consistent with the requirements in the final cleanup remedy selected and overseen by EPA, and with any associated institutional controls. The majority of the upland portion of the Main Property, outside of the shoreline setback area, would be developed with new buildings and paved areas under Alternatives 1 and 2. Due to the soft and loose nature of the existing subsurface soils, construction of these features could result in settlement of the site as a result of the potential loads imposed by foundations, utilities and traffic (see Section 3.1, Earth, and Appendix 0 for details). It is assumed that Alternatives 1 and 2 would not include any below-grade excavations for parking or basements if some contamination is left in place; however, it is likely that the construction of new buildings onsite would require deep foundation supports (such as piles) due to the nature of existing soils on the site. The construction of deep foundations for each building could generate contaminated soil or groundwater to which workers would be exposed. As necessary, personal protection equipment for workers would be used and special handling and disposal measures followed during construction activities to prevent contact with hazardous materials and substances, and no significant impacts would be anticipated. Personal protection measures and special training could also be provided for City of Renton staff that provides inspection during construction and maintenance following construction in areas of the site that could generate contaminated soils or groundwater. Alternatively, buried utilities and public roads serving the site could be placed in clean fill material. The clean fill material should be of sufficient width and depth (3 to 4 feet below the invert of the utility) to allow for maintenance of utilities without human exposure to contaminated soils. In order to prevent future contamination of clean fill material a barrier to prevent recontamination of the fill material could be provided. Under Alternatives 1 and 2, the main utility corridors for the proposed development could be installed during the proposed remedial action onsite. Additional utility excavations could also be required to connect specific buildings to the main utility corridor with redevelopment. Additional excavations during redevelopment could generate contaminated soil or groundwater that would require additional personal protection measures for workers and special handling and disposal measures. In addition to potential impacts from utility and deep foundation excavations, there is also the potential for volatile contaminants in the subsurface to generate vapors that could intrude into Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18418592v3 0032695-000004 3.3-5 Environmental Health utility trenches and above-grade structures if some contamination is left in place beneath the site. If not addressed by the development design, these vapors could pose a potential risk to human health. Separation of living/working areas from the contaminants by some type of cap and under-building garage, as well as implementation of potential institutional control measures would ensure that future building inhabitants would not be exposed to unacceptable vapors accumulating within buildings or utility corridors from contaminated soils and groundwater, and no significant impacts would be anticipated. No Action Alternative Under the No Action Alternative, no redevelopment and its potential environmental health- related impacts would occur on the Quendall Terminals site at this time. However, a Shoreline Restoration Plan will be implemented in conjunction with site cleanup/remediation and/or to resolve potential natural resource damages claims. These remediation features would prevent direct contact with contaminants at the ground surface, and address the potential for contaminants to enter Lake Washington via groundwater. 3.3.2 Mitigation Measures Required/Proposed Mitigation Measures • Redevelopment of the site is being coordinated with the cleanup/remediation process, and would be conducted consistent with the requirements in the final cleanup remedy selected and overseen by EPA, and with any associated institutional controls. • The appropriate management of contaminated soils that could be disturbed and groundwater that could be encountered during redevelopment of the site would be addressed through the cleanup/remediation process and by institutional control requirements overseen by EPA. As necessary, lightweight fill materials, special capping requirements, vapor barriers and other measures would be implemented to ensure that unacceptable exposures to contaminated soils, groundwater or vapors would not occur. • Institutional controls would be followed and would likely include prohibitions on any alteration of the remedial elements without EPA approval and on the use of on-site groundwater for any purpose. • An Operations, Maintenance and Monitoring Plan would be implemented to prevent the excavation of soils, installation of utilities or other Site disturbances without prior EPA approval. • As necessary, personal protection equipment for workers would be used and special handling and disposal measures followed during construction activities to prevent contact with hazardous materials and substances. • Living/working areas on the Main Property would be separated from soil/groundwater contaminants by under-building above ground garages; institutional controls would also be implemented to prevent exposure of residents/employees to unacceptable vapors and/or other contaminated materials. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18418592v3 0032695-000004 3.3-6 Environmental Health Other Possible Mitigation Measures • Planned utilities (including the main utility corridors) could be installed as part of the planned remedial action so that disturbance of the remedial elements (e.g., caps) and underlying contaminated sOils/groundwater would not be necessary subsequent to the remedial action. • Personal protection measures and special training should be provided for City of Renton staff that provides inspection during construction and maintenance following construction in areas of the site that could generate contaminated soils or groundwater. • Buried utilities and public roads serving the site development should be placed in clean fill material (with the utilities in a trench with sufficient width and depth of 3 to 4 feet below the invert of the utility), along with an acceptable barrier to prevent recontamination of the clean fill material, in order to protect the utility from contamination and to allow future maintenance of the road or utility lines. 3.3.3 Significant Unavoidable Adverse Impacts No significant unavoidable adverse environmental health-related impacts would be anticipated. Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18418592v3 0032695-000004 3.3-7 Environmental Health WETLAND ASSESSMENT, STANDARD LAKE STUDY, HABITAT DATA REPORT, AND CONCEPTUAL RESTORATION PLAN /1 QUENDALL TERMINALS Prepared for Altino Properties, Inc. and J.H. Baxter & Company Prepared by Anchor QEA, LLC 1423 Third Avenue720 Olive Way. Suite d001900 Seattle, Washington 98101 Ne't'ember aOOg July 2011 {)lrElqllM~?I)IW69:;,f}f}I)f!!!1DOCPRQPEJ?TYPocX1)or;IP.PMS4!1telJYovenIManilge.FOI711at~~<LIB?> «NYM»Y-;5VIJR?~«C:L.T»,«MIR».PRfSER.VELQc;ATfOlf.J.·MlfJ?(l1[EQRMAT TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Review of Existing Information ...................................................................................... 2 2 STUDY AREA DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................... .4 2.1 Topography ...................................................................................................................... .4 2.2 Soils .................................................................................................................................. .5 2.3 Hydrology ......................................................................................................................... 6 2.4 Plant Communities and Habitat Types ........................................................................... 6 3 WETLAND DELINEATION .................................................................................................... 8 3.1 Wetland Delineation Methods ........................................................................................ 8 3.1.1 Vegetation ................................................................................................................... 9 3.1.2 Soils ........................................................................................................................... 10 3.1.3 Hydrology ................................................................................................................. 11 3.1.4 Other Data Sources ................................................................................................... 11 3.1.5 Wetland Classifications ............................................................................................ 11 3.1.6 State Wetland Ratings System ................................................................................. 12 3.1.7 City of Renton Wetland Rating System and Buffer Requirements ....................... 13 3.1.7.1 Wetland Rating System and Buffer Requirements ........................................ 13 3.1.8 Wetland Functions Assessment ............................................................................... 16 3.2 Wetland Delineation Results ......................................................................................... 16 3.2.1 Wetland A ................................................................................................................. 16 3.2.2 Wetland B ................................................................................................................. 18 3.2.3 Wetland C ................................................................................................................. 19 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.6 3.2.7 3.2.8 3.2.9 3.2.10 ~~D ................................................................................................................. W Wetland E ................................................................................................................. 22 Wetland F ................................................................................................................. 23 Wetland G ................................................................................................................. 24 Wetland H ................................................................................................................ 26 Wetland I .................................................................................................................. 27 Wetland J .................................................................................................................. 28 Wetland Assessment, Standard Lake Study, and Habitat Data Report NfWemeeT 2{){}9Jq1xlQJ1 Quendall Tenninals i 06()()59-OJ f}iJ'TI£IIS6}LLflfWi9H)IJ!)!)fY DQCfRQfERTY DocXDoc1D_DMS4nrerwovenlIl1anageJopI1at~~</"Ili':.>.«fVJ.!l11':>;v«yER>> «(:LT»:«M7'R.».fRESF:R.J7F:L;.QC1.Tl.QN[·II1EflGEFQRMAT 3.3 Regulatory Framework .................................................................................................. 29 3.3.1 USFWS Classification ............................................................................................... 30 3.3.2 Ecology Rating, Classification, and Functions and Values Scores ......................... 30 3.3.3 City of Renton Wetland Classification Guidance ................................................... 33 3.4 Wetland Functions and Values Summary .................................................................... 33 3.4.1 Water Quality Functions ......................................................................................... 35 3.4.2 Hydrologic Functions ............................................................................................... 35 3.4.3 Habitat Functions ..................................................................................................... 36 3.5 Exempt Wetlands ........................................................................................................... 37 3.6 Constructed Stormwater Features ................................................................................. 37 3.6.1 Excavated Features from the 1970s ......................................................................... 37 3.6.2 Best Management Practices Implementation -2006 ............................................. 38 3.6.3 Anticipated Regulatory Status ................................................................................. 38 3.7 Wetland Delineation and Typing Limitations .............................................................. 39 4 LAKE WASHINGTON OHWM DELINEATION AND LAKE STUDY ............................. .40 4.1 Lake Washington OHWM Delineation Methods ....................................................... .40 4.2 Lake Washington OHWM Delineation Results .......................................................... .41 4.3 Lake Study ..................................................................................................................... .41 4.3.1 Fish Species Presence ............................................................................................... 42 5 SHORELINE RESTORATION PLAN ................................................................................... .43 5.1 Introduction and Purpose ............................................................................................. .43 5.2 Goals and Objectives ...................................................................................................... 44 5.3 Elements of the Plan ..................................................................................................... .45 5.3.1 Riparian Buffer Habitat ........................................................................................... .45 5.3.2 Wetland Restoration ............................................................................................... .47 6 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................ .50 Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals jj f!l¥J:djI4i86lMd!il1J.2J~Oililil1 Hal emhe: 2{}{}9July2011 06()(}59-0l OOCPR9PERT'L DocXDQcID DMS411te0'{CJveI1IJl,fal1age Fqilll/;t~<dl1]».«IYJ.JM>2v«VER>.> . «CL1'>.c.,Sc/'rlTR>c' .. PRESERYELOCATlONJ'MERGEFQRMAT List of Tables Table I Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6 Table 7 Table 8 Wetland Plant Indicator Definitions ................................................................. 10 City of Renton Wetland Regulations ................................................................. 16 USFWS Wetland Classifications and Connections to Surface Water .............. 30 Summary of Wetland Classes and Rating Scores Using Ecology Wetlands Rating System ....................................................................................................... 31 Summary of Functions and Values Wetland Rating Scores ............................. 32 City of Renton Wetland Ratings and Standard Buffer Distance ...................... 33 Riparian Buffer Plant List ................................................................................... 47 Wetland Plant List .............................................................................................. 49 List of Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Vicinity Map Project Site and Aerial Photo Site Topography Soil Series NWI Mapped Wetlands Vegetative Cover Wetlands and OHWM Delineation Results Shoreline Restoration Conceptual Design List of Appendices Appendix A Plan View and Cross Sections of Wetlands A through H Ordinary High Water Mark Flag Locations Sample Plot Summary Data Field Data Sheets Ecology Wetland Rating Forms Site Photographs Appendix B AppendixC Appendix D AppendixE AppendixF Appendix G Appendix H Mitigation Analysis Memorandum, Qp.endall and Baxter Propetties 1990 Aerial Photograph Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals iii J)W'F-I1!1d8'V' 1003269. 000001 A'el'efflbe:: 2{)@/uiy2011 060059-01 DOCPROPERTYPQc}(1JocIDDMs=JgrmvqyenJII1image [OI'JJlat;c«LJB:». «NUM»y«VEli» </ .. (;LT»c«MTR»PRESER.VELQC&TIQj'>{J'MEl1CgfQf<M4T Introduction 1 INTROQUC+IONintroduqion lLnd~th~direCJj91LQLthe lJ~jted States JinvjIgnIDentalJ'rotection4~n_c:;y-LEP A.,Lth~ !2uendall Terminals ownersJMtino ProJlerties. r~ andJ.R Baxter & Cmnpany) are concurrentlys~nd~ll£ting£.remedial investigation (RO andfeasibility study (FS}<i! tilt' Ouendall Terminals Site (Site) in Renton, Washiru:ton.~ The work h beiqgconducted under an AdministratiyeSettlement A,greement and Order on ConsenhJl,,-amended(A.Qc:»~thcEP A under the Co l1l prehensive EnvironmentatResponse. Compens;ttion. and Liability,AcJ: LCERCLA: i.e" "Superfu!J>il_ Detail~d infprm;ltion onexistinglake~and1.lplall(IcCLnditiom; will beindudec:!inJ~UFS report. estil11a!e.c:!to be released by EPA in late -2013. CE.RCLA Q~allll..D actiQ!!s along the shoreline :-vinwwtiallx, include remediatiQnofhazardolls sllj)st~Ilcesin lake ~~imentsandLorinthe upland portions of the Site. as well as impleI}1entation of the Shoreline Res.tOIs-tion Plan required as part of the cleanup! remediation andLortoresplve potential natural r.=ce damages ("NRD") claiml!. From April te JURe 2QQ9,This report was prepared to facilitate the redevelqp.ment process that is underway at this time and is not intendt'9tOdreplacelheEPAINRD process. R~L Anchor QEA, LLC (Anchor QEA) performed wetland delineation, lake ordinary high water mark (OHWM) delineation, and habitat assessments of the approximately 21-acre Quendall Terminals Site (Site) iR RemeR, \VasfiiRgteR (Parcel No. 2924059002; Township 24 North, Range 5 East, Section 29). to inform development of an Environmental h:np.a£tSta!ement LEIS) for theSite. While specifications for shoreline mitigation and restorationwillnotbe finalized until the RODandLpcllLPotentialNRD settlement. this report is intended to identify a post-remediation condition reft'TrefLW.Jl.sa_baseline. Redevelopment iillRacts are assessedand measured against the baselille that. exists precdevelopment. but post-cleanup. For this report and the DEIS, a baseline can be assumed using environmentalmitigation ratiQ£, lmffers and setbs-cksfrom the 1983 City of Renton's Shoreline Managementl'la!lJl.nd £WJ2endix E ofJhe DEIS.Such a baseline. as presented in. this DEIS,wouldreflect the maximum development foomrintoJimpact that could occur at Ouendall. A similar analysis may be requiredasjJartOfthe EPALNRD process and may result in delineations<lnc:!.ratings different than those included in this rep()rt .A.sP-'lrt of EPA's cleanup decision, the Agency will require any:_w~.c.eS,Si!!}'cF~tland mitigation!shoreline restoration, as determined j)y l?revailing environmental standards, as neededto COillRensate for environmental impacts resultingfor cleanup-actions such as filling existing wetlands to provide a clean soil surface at Ouendall. Wetland and .ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 1 O}fIJ/i5M6EI ,'9QJ.1~9JfII!(I2Qi Ne''emeeF2(}(}9Juiy2QU 060059-01 l2.Q(;,I'BOPER TrDQcXDos:ID IJA1S=lnteill'.oy,~n!MljlJag(!Eq!]11ar"C~.~LlB»_<;·,NUM»v~~V§B» ~~(;'LT,?,s<J)1.T&>.I'RESERVEL.oQ!TIQNl·MEBqE'f.oRA1AT Introduction These en'Lironmentalstandards l11 aychange in the future beca\l~e more strin,gent regulatoQi standardscoulq be established. Futurelt is EPA'spo.sition thatfutureenvir(l}lill.entalstandarc!s for environmental mitig,atiol1 /restoration may I!'es.ulti111arger llli!igation ratios, buffers and/or setbacks resulting in larger gr higher ill!ality wetlands and shoreline restoration. Th~ result would be a.sIIlan~J: redevelopment footprint/impact and the City may decide a new or supplementalEISis n~tl1ec:essalY" Final wetland mitigationlshoreline restoration. requirements will be established)n.EJ'A's Record of Decision for the Ouendall cleanu£ A vicinity map is provided on Figure 1, and a recent aerial photograph ofthe project area is provided on Figure 2. The survey included an approximately l.IS-acre adjoining ponion on the east side of Lake Washington Boulevard (Figure 2).+hls As dis.£ussed above, this repon is inteflded te surpertsuppons City of Renton (City) entitlement processing for Master Siteplan Approval, Shoreline Substantial Development, Environmental Review, and a Binding Siteplan, for the Quendall Terminals propeny. The redevelepmeRt preject anticipates submittal ef a checklist with the inteRt of securiag a Mitigated DetermiRatieR ef NeR SignificaRce (MDNS) uRder the State EHVireRmental Pelicy Act (SEPA). The proposed project includes a mix of S-story residential units above two levels of above-grade parking and at-grade surface street parking along with retaiVrestaurant space. The redevelopment project anticipates entitlement of approximately 800 residential units, 260,000± square feet of office space, and 30,000± square feet (sf) ofretaiVrestaurant space with associated parking. URder the dircctieR ef the -United-States ERviroRmeRtal ProtectieR Ageflcy (EPA),--the QueRdall TermiRals eV;'fleFS (AltiRe Properties, IRc., aRd J.H. Baxter & CempaHy}are cORcurreRtly cenduc-tiHg a remedial iRvestigatieR (RI) ,IRd feasibility study (FS) at the Site. The werk is BeiRg ceRducted uRder aR AdmiRistrative Settlement AgreemeRt and-Groo"ffil CeRseRt, as ameRded (AGC), with EPf, uRder the CempreheflSive Ewtireflmental RespeRse, CemreRsatiefl, aRd Liaaility Act (CERCLA; i.e., "SuperfuRd"). Detailed iRfermatieR eR existiRg lake aRd uplaRd ceRditieRs vtill Be iRduded ifl-the-RI, afltieipated te Be eemrleted ifl summer 20 HI. CERCLA e1eBHUfl actieRS BloRg the sherelifle vtilHikeIy iflclude remediatiefl ef hB"ardeus sUBstafices ifllake sedimeflts 8f1E!,1er ifl the uplaRd pertieRs ef the Site. While this repon was prepared in accordance with City criteria, as defined in the City of Renton Municipal Code (RMC) Section 4-3-050 (City of Renton 2009), some elements required by the code will not be available until selection of a cleanup remedy for the Site by EPA, which is currently anticipated in early 2011.2013. As required by CERCLA, all Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Tenninals 2 Ne,",mocr 2(){)9juJylI211 060059-01 DWTI81l:£6.)2"I.f}(}!2e9J f)fJ(}(}(}{ DOCPROPERTYDocXI2()cJPl.JMS~lnter<yovenIManagr;/foJ:lllaf'C~,,<;lJB;>~_<;"NJJM2>v«T!ljR» «CLT>.:".«MTR» PRESERVELOCATlON \" MERGEFORMAT Introduction substantive provisions of City regulatory requirements will be met by the cleanup remedy selected by EPA. Land use within the study area is currently zoned for commercial use and consists of abandoned log storage facilities, modified dirt roads, and fragmented patches of forest and shrub habitat. Ten wetlands (Wetlands A through J) were identified within the study area. This report describes the methods used in the field investigation and Anchor QEA's findings. A description of the study area is included in Section 2. Summaries of the findings of the wetland delineation are included in Section 3. Summaries of the findings of the lake OHWM delineation are included in Section 4. Drawings showing plan view and cross sections of each wetland are provided in Appendix A. Flag locations from the OHWM survey are provided in drawings in Appendix B. A summary of data collected at each sample plot during the wetland delineation is presented in tables in Appendix C and in the field data forms in Appendix D. Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) wetland rating forms are included in Appendix E. Site photographs are provided in Appendix F. Previous wetland delineations performed in 1997 are included in the Mitigation Analysis Memorandum provided in Appendix G. A 1990 aerial photograph of the site is provided in Appendix H. 1.1 Review of Existing Information As part of the analysis to identify natural resources and critical areas in the study area, Anchor QEA ecologists reviewed the following sources of information to support field observations: • Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) Web Soil Survey (USDA 2009) • Soil Survey of King County, Washington (USDA 1973) • Hydric Soil List for King County, Washington (USDA 2001) • United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Wetlands Mapper for National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) Map Information (USFWS 2009) • RMC (City of Renton 2009) • Aerial photographs • Washington Department ofFish and Wildlife (WDFW) Priority Habitat and Species (PHS) Maps (WDFW 2009) • WDFS Non-game Data System Special Animal Species, as identified in Washington Administrative Code (WAC) 232-12-011 Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Tenninals 3 fJWT 181}!!J#2 /(}j}]JI;f&I!!W!1!1 Nel """h"" 2{}{}9fuly2011 06(}()59-0l aQr;:;PBOPERTYPflf2{[2Q£lPPN.SclIJ(ICrwoyeIJIMaIJagef'"911P.a£""ssLiB2 5.5NIfM?2x<<"VlfR>? <"<"Q.I?>c«N.TB»FRJjSERVELQ(::4TIQNJ'MERGEFORMAT Study Area Description 2 STUQY .t\REi.t\ QEiiCRIPTIONstudy area descripJiQn The study area consists of one parcel with two parts. The larger portion is rectangular-shaped and is approximately 20.08 acres located adjacent to Lake Washington. The smaller portion is located just across Lake Washington Boulevard and is approximately 1.15 acres. The study area is located in the City of Renton, King County Washington (Township 24 North, Range 5 East, Section 29; see Figures 1 and 2). Shortly after the lowering of Lake Washington in 1916 to construct the Lake Washington Ship Canal, the Site, including newly exposed portions ofthe former May Creek delta, was developed into a creosote manufacturing facility. Up until 1969, creosote was manufactured on the Site by refining and processing coal tar and oil-gas tar residues. From 1969 to approximately 1977, some ofthe aboveground tanks at the Site were used intermittently for crude oil, waste oil, and diesel storage. From 1977 to 2008, the Site was used primarily for log sorting and storage, with tree, shrub, and herbaceous vegetation associated with upland, wetland, and riparian habitats. The Site is currently vacant. Aquatic lands adjacent to the' facility managed by the Washington Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) were historically leased for log rafting and vessel storage uses, but those leases terminated in the 1990s. Immediately adjacent properties include Conner Homes to the south (former Barbee Mill property) and Port Quendall CompanylFootball Northwest to the north (former J.H. Baxter property). Lake Washington borders the western boundary of the study area. BNSF railroad and Lake Washington Boulevard separate the two portions of the parcel, with Interstate 405 (I-405) located along the east side of the eastern portion. May Creek currently discharges into Lake Washington approximately 400 yards south of the Site, just south of the Conner Homes development. An aerial photograph of the study area shortly after redevelopment of the Port Quendall CompanylFootball Northwest property, but prior to more recent redevelopment of the Conner Homes property, is depicted on Figure 2. 2.1 Topography Overall, the topography of the Site is relatively level with a gradual slope west down to Lake Washington (Figure 3). Site topography has been modified over the past 90 years by filling Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report QuendaII Terminals 4 ftWTI1I4l86UIi ~Q1:W}§ 000001 Nel'emhe:2{}(}9/u/x.7QI1 060059-01 [JOCPROPERTYDocX])g.t;lD])l'.fS4n{~[l:VoveJJ.1M.JJ.i1geformat~s<LJB:>.:>._«~:>.v«VER» <"i'9L.T:>.?,.c<.5!yfT&:>.PRESERVELOCAT1QN .I"MERGEEQBMAT Study Area Description and grading activities. Site elevations are based on the North American Vertical Datum 1988 (NA VD 88) and range from approximately 35 feet on the east side of the property to about 20 feet at the lake shore. The exposed Site soils are relatively fine-grained, which slows infiltration during rainy periods causing ponding in many areas. The Site has been heavily manipulated through the placement of fill, which is found across the entire Site. Fill thickness ranges from 1 to 2 feet along the southern and eastern boundaries up to 6 and 10 feet in northern portions. Most commonly, the fill is a mix of silt, sand, and gravel with wood debris. Wood chips and bark from the log sorting operations are typical in the upper few feet. Where creosote and pitch-like material has been encountered, it generally occurred at depths greater than 2 feet below ground surface. The surface of the Site is currently covered by either wood debris or by a 0.25-to I-foot-thick layer of rock and organic muck generated from imported gravel and wood debris mixed together by operation of log sorting equipment in wet areas. There is also a network of roads at the Site that were previously used for log sorting and storage, resulting in relatively compacted soil on much of the Site. Additionally, several stormwater features have been constructed on the Site that appear to have historically collected and conveyed much of the site's stormwater into Lake Washington. During the rainy season, most runoff flows into storrnwater collection ponds on the west side of the Site or a drainage ditch along the southern property boundary (Figure 3). Stormwater also accumulates in low-lying areas. During field surveys it was apparent that these features still function by conveying and storing seasonal stormwater. Several features were excavated, constructed, or improved in 2006 to limit stormwater runoff into Lake Washington (Phoinix 2006). These areas have developed wetland characteristics supporting riparian tree species like willows (Salixsp.) and black cottonwoods (Populus balsamifera). 2.2 Soils The NRCS Web Soil Survey (USDA 2009) identifies two soil series in the location of the study area: "Norma sandy loam (No)" and "Bellingham silt loam (Bh)." The Norma sandy loam series is mapped within the majority of the study area, and the Bellingham silt loam series is mapped along the northern portion. Figure 4 shows soil series in the study area. Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Nel'emhe.-2()()9!uly2011 Quendall Terminals 5 060059-01 llWI--181lEftllylJlf)J}~rJ __ fl()'l~_~ 1 P()(;PRQPERTLDof:XDQc1DDM~lnteTJJ!QvenIManage_Eorm<lt~<;<;I}Jl» ""NUM>?I~<j/E1i» .5sC,I,T??,<:'5.MTR.?i': .. l'.R.Es'ER..Y.EI,QQJ'[lQN.l'MER.QE£QRMdT Study Area Description Both soil series identified in the study area are described as having poorly drained soils that formed in alluvium, under sedges, grass, conifers, and hardwoods. The Norma series are in basins on the glaciated uplands and in areas along the stream bottoms. The Bellingham series are nearly level and are mostly in depressions on the upland glacial till plain (USDA 1973). According to the Hydric Soil List for King County, Washington, both the Norma sandy loam and Bellingham series are classified as hydric soils (USDA 2009). Sample plot soil profiles are described in Section 3.2. A summary of soils data collected at each sample plot is presented in tables in Appendix C and in the field data forms in Appendix D. 2.3 Hydrology The study area is located in the Lake Washington/Sammamish River Basin Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA) 8 (Ecology 2009a). Hydrologic characteristics in the study area are influenced by regional groundwater, direct precipitation, surface water runoff, and Lake Washington. The OHWM of Lake Washington was delineated as part of this investigation and is described in Section 4 of this report. Sample plot hydrology is described in Section 3.2. A summary of hydrology data collected at each sample plot is presented in tables in Appendix C and in the field data forms in Appendix D. 2.4 Plant Communities and Habitat Types The USFWS Wetlands Mapper for NTVI Map Information identifies palustrine scrub-shrub (PSS) habitat on the western border of the study area adjoining Lake Washington (USFWS 2009; Figure 5). Wetland vegetation community types identified during the delineation include palustrine and lacustrine emergent (PEM and LEM), palustrine and lacustrine scrub shrub (PSS and LSS), palustrine and lacustrine forested (PFO and LFO), and palustrine open water (POW) wetland systems. Vegetation within the study area includes tree, shrub, grass, and herbaceous species associated with upland, wetland, and riparian habitat associated with Lake Washington and the constructed stormwater features. Vegetative cover by community (forested, scrub/shrub, and herbaceous/disturbed) and trees more than 10 inches in diameter Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 6 Df.VEl81~622· L003.2elij .. 9'J.{J(}(l1 Ne"emher2{){)9July]/lU 060059-01 DOCPROPERTY DocXDocIDDMS=lnte.rw.a.y.enlManageFormat=«LIB». «M/M»y<d'ER>;> <.<.(.LT.~~,<dt1TR»PR$S.ERY.$L.QClll'lQNJ:M.$HG$f.QHM.4T. Study Area Description at breast height (dbh) within 100 feet ofthe shoreline are shown on Figure 6. Wetland and upland vegetation in the study area is described in Section 3.2. A summary of vegetation data collected in the study area and at each sample plot is presented in the tables in Appendix C and in the field data forms in Appendix D. The WDFW PHS database does not identify any priority habitats within the study area (WDFW 2009). Priority wetland habitat occurs approximately 0.2S-mile south and east of the study area and consists of scrub-shrub, forested, and emergent marsh wetlands along May Creek, its tributaries, and Lake Boren. Priority fish presence documented in May Creek includes coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), resident cutthroat (Oncorhynchus clarla), sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), and winter steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Priority fish presence within the study area includes species documented in Lake Washington, including coho salmon, fall Chinook, resident cutthroat, sockeye salmon, winter steelhead, and Dolly Vardenlbull trout (Salvelinus conDuentus). Wedand and GrclinaI}' High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Tenninals 7 li!!!"Ll£tJM5L.-J;9QH§91,fJ!!I!!!M Ne''<'HIiJe:2{)()9[Wy2{)U 060059-01 !2QCPRQPlfRTX Docl(.[)qc!DDMS=]/){en'Y.()VenIMapage EQJ:lllar,,< ~LlIJ» <dYllM>2Y< < VER» <~r;LT?>,«MTR2.PRlf$§RYlfI,QC4TlQN1:MERGlffQRMAT Wetland Delineation 3 WETLAND DELINEATION On April 23 and 30, May 6, and June 192009, Anchor QEA ecologists performed wetland delineations and a wetland ratings analysis of wetland habitats in the study area. Ten wetlands, Wetlands A and J, were found in the study area. Complete descriptions of Wetlands A through J are provided in the following sections. Wetland delineation results are shown on Figure 6 -Wetland and OHWM Delineation Results. A summary of vegetation, soils, and hydrology data collected at each sampling plot is presented in the tables in Appendix C and in the field data forms in Appendix D. Site photographs are provided in Appendix F. A similaUinalysis may bere'1ujLedo<l~paJ1Qftl1e EPALNRD process and may resultin delineations andrattngs different than those included in this re,pl1rt. This report assumes re,gt!latOIY interpretatiml,>-that will result in a post-remediation, <::Qndition that would allow the greatest area for r.f:Qey~lopment based on the 1983 City of Renton's Shoreline Management Plan and Aopendix E of the DEIS 3.1 Wetland Delineation Methods This section describes the methodology used to perform the wetland delineation, including the review of existing information and field investigation procedures. These methods are consistent with current federal and state agency requirements, as well as local jurisdiction requirements, for performing wetland delineations and identifying protective wetland buffer widths. As specified by the RMC (City of Renton 2009), this wetland delineation was conducted according to the methods defined in the us. Anny Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual (Environmental Laboratory 1987), the Interim Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast Region (Corps 2008), and Ecology's Washington State Wetland Identification and Delineation Manual (Ecology 1997). Soil colors were classified by their numerical description, as identified on a Munsell Soil Color Chart (Munsell 1994). The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps; Environmental Laboratory 1987), the Washington State Shoreline Management Act (SMA; Ecology 2009b), the Washington State Growth Management Act (GMA; Access Washington 2007), and the RMC all define wetlands as: "Areas that are inundated or Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 8 NfJl'l?mhe: 2(){}91uly,l.Qll 060059-01 J;lWT 1.8H8.,<£,L~9J;"954}1}1)!)4 DOCPROPER,TYDO(:XDQcI[)DMS~lnte=oY(:nIManageForI11i1t~«UB».«NJ!Mc;>ys<YJi&> ",<,CLT»,«MTR»PR~IIRJI]{Wr::::41'.lQNl:MIIR(i;IIFORMAT Wetland Delineation saturated by surface water or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas." The method for delineating wetlands is based on the presence of three parameters: hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils, and wetland hydrology. Hydrophytic vegetation is "the macrophytic plant life that occurs in areas where the frequency and duration of inundation or soil saturation produce permanently or periodically saturated soils of sufficient duration to exert a controlling influence on the plant species present." Hydric soils are "formed under conditions of saturation, flooding, or ponding long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part." Wetland hydrology "encompasses all hydrologic characteristics of areas that are periodically inundated or have soils saturated to the surface for a sufficient duration during the growing season" (Ecology 1997). Data collection methods for each of these parameters are described below. A total of 21 data plots were sampled at the approximately 21.23-acre study area. Sample plots are identified numerically as wetland or upland plots (for example, SPIWet, SP2Wet, SP3Up, etc). Vegetation, soils, and hydrology information were collected at each ofthe plots, recorded on field data sheets, and photographed. Locations of wetland delineation boundary flags and data plots are provided in Appendix A. A summary of sample plot data is presented in Appendix C. The field data sheets are provided in Appendix D. Site photographs are provided in Appendix F. Wetland boundaries were determined based upon sample plot data and visual observations of each wetland. Wetland locations and boundaries were flagged and subsequently surveyed by a professional surveyor to establish and verify the location and size. 3.1.1 Vegetation Plant species occurring in each plot were recorded on field data sheets, one data sheet per plot (Appendix D). Percent cover was estimated in the plot for each plant species and dominant species were determined. At each plot, trees within a 3D-foot radius, shrubs within a 15-foot radius, and emergents within a 3-foot radius from the center of the plot were identified and recorded on a data sheet. A plant indicator status, designated by the USFWS (Reed 1988 and Wetland and .ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 9 Ne"eJBbeF2{){)91uiy2al1 060059-01 I)J¥r.I84I{!{i2J~U}9g4~H!f}I}fIfJ.I POCPROPERTYDocXDocIDDM£~Il)terw1JyenIMal)ageEort11at~<;<;LlB» <;<NUM»v«VER;.> <;,Cl...T»-«MTR» .. fRI1$ER.VEl..OQtTION.I·.MERGI1E.o1W4T Wetland Delineation 1993), was assigned to each species and a determination was made as to whether the vegetation in the plot was hydrophytic. To meet the hydrophytic parameter, more than 50 percent of the dominant species, with 20 percent or greater cover, must have an indicator of obligate wetland (OBL), facultative wetland (FACW), or facultative (FAC or FAC+). Table 1 shows the wetland indicator status categories. Table 1 Wetland Plant Indicator Definitions Indicator Status Description Obligate wetland (OBl) Plant species occur almost always in wetlands (estimated probability greater than 99 percent) under natural conditions. Facultative wetland Plant species usually occur in wetlands (estimated probability 67 (FACW) percent to 99 percent), but occasionally found in non-wetlands. Facultative (FAC) Plant species equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34 percent to 66 percent). Facultative upland Plant species usually occur in non-wetlands (estimated probability (FACU) 67 percent to 99 percent), but occasionally found in wetlands. Obligate upland (UPl) Plant species occur almost always in non-wetlands (estimated probability greater than 99 percent) under natural conditions. 3.1.2 Soils Soils were sampled in each plot and evaluated for hydric soil indicators. Soil pits were dug to a depth of 16 inches or greater, and all profiles were photographed. Hydric soil indicators include low soil matrix chroma, gleying, and redoximorphic features (such as mottles), and are formed predominantly by the accumulation or loss of iron, manganese, sulfur, or carbon compounds in a saturated and anaerobic environment. Mottles are spots of contrasting color occurring within the soil matrix (the predominant soil color). Gleyed soils are predominantly bluish, greenish, or grayish in color. For example, a depleted dark soil surface (F7), a matrix value of 3 or less, a chroma of 2 or less, and 20 percent or more redox depletions are positive indicators of hydric soils (Corps 2008). Due to the presence of known soil and groundwater contamination at the Site, soil pits were not excavated at many wetland sample plots located in the upland area. This includes the Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Tenninals 10 Ne', embe.-2(}{)9!ulyIQU 060059-01 flfYfJWMN ,J ~J}1ifi,fJ> OQQQQ1 DOCPJ?QPERTypo<;XDocIPfJMS~/nte~ovenIM~l)ageFoTl1)at~<<:LIB»<:<:NIJM>:>K<YER» <:<:CLT:»c<:<:MTR:»PRESERVELOCATIONJ·MERGEFORMA.T Wetland Delineation constructed stormwater features located throughout the project site and most upland plot locations. 3.1.3 Hydrology Wetland hydrology was evaluated at each plot to determine whether it "encompasses all hydrologic characteristics of areas that are periodically inundated or have soils saturated to the surface for a sufficient duration during the growing season" (Ecology 1997). The mesic growing season in western Washington is generally March through October. Field observations of saturation and inundation, and other indicators of wetland hydrology, such as water-stained leaves and drainage patterns in wetlands, were recorded. 3.1.4 Other Data Sources Reviews of existing information were conducted to identify potential wetlands or site characteristics indicative of wetlands in the study area. The sources of information reviewed to support field observations are identified in Section 1.1. 3.1.5 Wetland Classifications Wetland community types are discussed below according to the USFWS classification developed by Cowardin, et al. (1979). This system, published in 1979 by a team ofUSFWS scientists led by L.M. Cowardin, bases the classification of wetlands on their physical characteristics, such as the general type of vegetation in the wetland (trees, shrubs, grass, etc.) and prevalence and location of water in the wetland. The Cowardin classification system provides a classification for every known wetland type that occurs throughout the United States, and, under this system, a wetland can be classified as having one or more wetland classification types. The community types found during this investigation were: • Palustrine and Lacustrine forested (PFO and LFO) -These wetlands have at least 30 percent cover of woody vegetation that is more than 20 feet high. • Palustrine and Lacustrine scrub-shrub (PSS and LSS) -These wetlands have at least 30 percent cover of woody vegetation that is less than 20 feet high. • Palustrine and Lacustrine emergent (PEM and LEM) -These wetlands have erect, rooted, herbaceous vegetation present for most of the growing season in most years. Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 11 f21¥!.L¥cJ!}}]l.} ,---~Q}}~5 ___ Q(J~W~J }V''''emhe:2{){)91"lxlPU (}6{](}59-01 QQ(;,PlJQPEBTYD()c}7}pcIIJJ2M$=!Tlter'YoveTlIMaTlage.Formilt=c<;:<LJB;.> .«NI!M;>>.v«VER:>:> «CLT;'>c«MTR;.>. PRESERVELOCATlONL· MERGEEORMAT Wetland Delineation • Palustrine open water (POW) -These wetlands are characterized by open water, such as ponds. 3.1.6 State Wetland Ratings System At the state level, wetlands are categorized by applying the most current version of the rating system developed by Ecology: Washington State Wetlands Rating System -Western Washington: Revised (Ecology 2004), and Washington State Wetland Rating Form -Western Washington, version 2 (Ecology 2006). Ecology developed this system to differentiate wetlands based on their sensitivity to disturbance, their significance in the watershed, their rarity, the ability to replace them, and the beneficial functions they provide to society. To determine an accurate assessment of a wetland's rating and functional values, function scores were calculated based on entire wetland systems, not just the delineated portion of wetlands within the study area. The Ecology rating system requires the user to collect specific information about the wetland in a step-by-step process. As part of the rating system, the hydrogeomorphic classification of the wetland was determined and three major functions were analyzed: flood and erosion control, water quality improvement, and wildlife habitat. Each hydrogeomorphic wetland class has specific rating criteria for water quality and hydrologic functions. Habitat functions rating criteria were the same for each of the hydrogeomorphic wetland classes. Ratings were based on a point system where points are given if a wetland meets specific criteria related to the wetland's potential and opportunity to provide certain benefits. If a wetland provides the opportunity to improve water quality or hydrologic functions, a multiplier of two was applied to the points for the wetland's potential functions. If a wetland does not provide the opportunity to improve water quality or hydrologic functions, a multiplier of one was applied. Per Ecology's rating system, wetlands were categorized according to the following criteria and on points given: • Category I wetlands (70 to 100 points) represent a unique or rare wetland type, or are more sensitive to disturbance, or are relatively undisturbed and contain ecological attributes that are impossible to replace within a human lifetime. • Category II wetlands (51 to 69 points) are difficult, though not impossible, to replace, and provide high levels of some functions. Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 12 ,'le, oemhe.-2{){}9/uiylQl1 060059-01 IJOCPl?Qf'ERTYDocXD(JcIDIJMS~InteTlY(JvenLManagefSJnnaf~«LI13>>_«IVUM,,:>X«VEJi» «CLT»,«MTR» PRESER.VELOCATlON.i'MERGEFORMAT Wetland Delineation • Category III (30 to 50 points) wetlands have a moderate level of function. They have been disturbed in some ways, and are often less diverse or more isolated from other natural resources in the landscape than Category II wetlands. • Category IV wetlands (0 to 29 points) have the lowest levels of functions and are often heavily disturbed. 3.1.7 City of Renton Wetland Rating System and Buffer Requirements Wetlands in the study area were also rated according to the City of Renton Critical Area Regulations that establish local regulatory requirements for wetlands and their associated buffers (City of Renton 2009). Wetlands in the study area were assigned a local rating category based on the applicable City and King County (County) critical areas regulations and the associated regulatory wetland buffer widths. Section 3.3.3 provides wetland information contained in the RMC (City of Renton 2009). The full text of the city's critical areas regulations was consulted during this analysis. 3.1.7.1 Wetland Rating System and Buffer Requirements Category 1 wetlands meet any of the following criteria: • Contain species listed by federal or state government as endangered or threatened, or the presence of essential habitat for those species • Have 40 to 60 percent permanent open water (in dispersed patches or otherwise) with two or more vegetation classes • Are equal to or greater than 10 acres in size and have three or more vegetation classes, one of which is open water • Contain plant associations of infrequent occurrence, or at the geographical limits of their occurrence Category 2 wetlands meet any of the following criteria: • Are wetlands that are not Category 1 or 3 wetlands • Have heron rookeries or raptor nesting trees, but are not Category 1 wetlands Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 13 l'k",em&er2(}(}i)!uly lQll 060059-01 f)wr 381 '8G2)" I ~QJ269X e~~f;!gf DOC;PRQPIIRTYj)(J£X;[}gcll}PMS=ll1t~Tlv(JVf!I1!Mal1"geF'OIInat=«Ll13»5<NJ!lv[»v-S< vr:;li>~ «CLT»c«MTR»PRESERVELOCATlONL'MERGEFORMAT Wetland Delineation • Are wetlands of any size located at the headwaters of a watercourse, i.e., a wetland with a perennial or seasonal outflow channel, but with no defined influent channel, but are not Category I wetlands • Have minimum existing evidence of human related physical alteration such as diking, ditching, or channelization Category 3 wetlands meet any of the following criteria: • Are severely disturbed wetlands; severely disturbed wetlands are wetlands that meet the following criteria: Are characterized py hydrologic isolation, human-related hydrologic alterations such as diking, ditching, channelization, andlor outlet modification Have soils alterations such as the presence of fill, soil removal andlor compaction of soil May have altered vegetation • Are newly emerging wetlands; newly emerging wetlands are wetlands occurring on top of fill materials, and characterized by emergent vegetation, low plant species richness, and used minimally by wildlife. • Include all other wetlands not classified as Category 1 or 2, such as smaller, high quality wetlands. According to the RMC, Category 3 wetlands less than 2,200 sf in area are exempt from the regulations if they meet the following exemption criteria[ 4-3-050 C5(f)]: • Standing water is not present in sufficient amounts, i.e., approximately 12 inches to 18 inches in depth from approximately December through May, to support breeding amphibians • Species listed by Federal or State government as endangered or threatened, or the presence of essential habitat for those species, are not present • Some form of mitigation is provided for hydrologic and water quality functions; for example, stormwater treatment or landscaping or other mitigation • A wetland assessment is prepared by a qualified professional demonstrating the criteria of the exemption are met Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Tenninals 14 Ne, ·"",be.-2{){}9!qly2QU 060059-01 DQ{;PRPPERTYDo£](DgcJD12MS4nterwoyenIManage.Format~<LIB?>s.<NIlM>?Y«Y.ERx> <<:CLT>.?c.<d,1TR?>PRESERVEl.OCATIONJ'..MERGEFQRMA.T Wetland Delineation According to the RMC Title 4, Chapter 3, Section 5, wetland buffers are measured from the wetland edge as delineated in the field and are sized depending on the wetland category. Building or activity setback from a critical area or buffer may be required to ensure adequate protection of the critical arealbuffer during construction and ongoing maintenance of the activity. Section 5 also states that alterations to wetlands shall be mitigated through creation, restoration, and/or enhancement. Mitigation actions must re-create as nearly as possible the wetland being replaced, and result in no net loss of wetland acreage and/or function. Table 2 provides a summary of the City's wetland buffer requirements. Wetland and Ordin;uy High Water Mark Delineation Repon Quendall Terminals 15 Hal embe£2{)(}9!wylPU 060059-01 l)!¥,£f£4{MN·,l·I)()Jd{iJ}~ lJOc:.PRQPl£RTy[Jo[Xl&£l12[JM$=ll'teworenIAfanaseB)l'TQat~«L[13»~<NJJM:>:>v«VER» ssQ.,T»,,,sMTR2PRl£$l£RYELOCA TION \"MERGEFORMAT Wetland Delineation Table 2 City of Renton Wetland Regulations Wetland Classification Buffer Requirement Category 1 100 feet Category 2 50 feet Category 3 25 feet 3.1.8 Wetland Functions Assessment The functional values of wetlands were rated according to Washington State Wetland Rating System -Western Washington: Revised (Ecology 2004) and Wetland Rating Form -Western Washington, Version 2 (Ecology 2006). Using Ecology's system, wetlands were rated based on a point system where points are awarded to three functional value categories: water quality, hydrologic, and wildlife habitat. Detailed scoring, based on Ecology wetland rating forms, is provided in Appendix E. 3.2 Wetland Delineation Results Ten wetlands, Wetlands A though J, were found in the study area. A complete description of each wetland is provided in the following sections. Wetland delineation results are shown on Figure 5 and for each individual wetland in Appendix A. A summary of vegetation, soils, and hydrology data collected at each sample plot is presented in the tables in Appendix C and in the field data forms in Appendix D. 3.2.1 Wetland A Wetland A is a O.OB-acre (3,433-sf) lake-fringe and slope wetland that contains LFO, LSS, and LEM habitat (Figure 7; Appendix A). The entire boundary of Wetland A was delineated within the study area. Wetland A is located in the southwest corner of the study area and is associated with Lake Washington (Photographs 1 and 2 in Appendix F). A compacted dirt access road abuts the eastern edge. Wetland A vegetation is dominated primarily by young (less than 10 inches dbh) red alder (Alnus rubra) , red-osier dogwood (Comus sericea), and black twinberry (Lonicera Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 16 i)}VT ISUS.)], 'O(IJZ(i9'. 90000< Nel'emher2(}{)9!uly2011 (l6()()59-OJ PCX;fIiOPERTYDQ£Xl)ocID.DMS=lnterwoyenIMaJJageF:orllle('C5<LIP>;;?~IYI!M??JC~<YER:» «CLT»,«MTR» .. FRE.$,f!R..VEL.Q{:..1.llQIY1·i'1.EIiG.ffEQlJM4T Wetland Delineation involucrata) (Photograph 2 in Appendix F). The dominant buffer vegetation of Wetland A is also young red alder with some Indian plum (Oemleria cerasiformis) and dense Himalayan blackberry (Rubus armeniacus) where the vegetated buffer transitions into a compacted soil road. Much (75 percent) of the buffer is disturbed compacted soils with sparse native and non-native invasive plants. The northwest perimeter of Wetland A is Lake Washington with extensive open and deep water habitats. Wildlife use of the wetland and its buffer was evident through several physical indicators such as woodpecker cavities, forage snags, beaver forage marks, and mammal tunnels in the dense vegetation. There was evidence of turtle and waterfowl use on the partially submerged woody debris at the edge of the wetland bordering the lake. Wildlife observed in the wetland and its buffer includes black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus), song sparrow (Melospiza melodia), Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus), and Anna's hummingbird (Calypte anna). The transition from an open water habitat to wetland to maintained upland offers both soft and hard edges between habitats. Movement of wildlife from the wetland habitat to the lake or from the lake to the wetland appears healthy and may offer migration, forage, shelter, and breeding opportunities for specific species of amphibians, waterfowl, and mammals. The transition from the upland buffer habitats to the wetland habitat offers a more abrupt transition to wildlife. Hard edges tend to benefit some species while creating a less beneficial habitat for others. Migration, forage, shelter, and breeding near or in these areas may be limited for many species. Soils in the wetland plot included very dark gray (lOYR 3/1) to very dark grayish-brown (lOYR 3/2) clay loam to 18 inches deep. Below about 18 inches, very dark gray (25Y 3/1) clay loam with dark yellowish brown (lOYR 3/4) mottles was observed in the matrix. Soils in the upland plot were very dark gray (lOYR 3/1) to 18+ inches with brown (lOYR 4/3) mottles observed around 8+ inches. Soil saturation was at the surface in the majority of Wetland A and the upland plot, with free-standing water in the sample plots within about 10 inches of the surface. Two sample plots were established as part of Wetland A: SPIWet and SPIUp (Appendices A and B). SPI Wet contained indicators of hydrophytic vegetation, wetland hydrology, and Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 17 Nel'emoo.-2[){}9/Qly7PU 06()(}59-OJ J]Q(PIl9PJiRTYpgc}(IloclDPMS=1nterwovenlMoJ1ilgeEormat=«LlJJ.?? <dYUM.?<Y8,YElk.:>; 5SCLT??c«.MIlk?fRJisJiRJ(JJLQ{;..1TI9lYJ'M.JiIlGJif.9l1M.4T Wetland Delineation hydric soils. The upland plot, SPlUp, had indicators of wetland hydrology and hydric soils, but lacked hydrophytic vegetation. Twenty flags were used to identify the Wetland A boundary (Appendix A). 3.2.2 Wetland 8 Wetland B is an approximately 0.14-acre (6,OSI-sf) depressional wetland and is one of the largest constructed stormwater features in the study area displaying wetland characteristics (Figure 7; Appendix A). Wetland B was excavated in the 1970s as a retention pond to control tar from flowing into the lake (King County Metro 1972). The wetland is triangle-shaped and representative ofa settling pond with standing water observed during the survey. The eastern boundary of Wetland B narrows to a ditch-like feature that possibly used to convey water west from Wetland G during large rain events through either a culvert or a shallow ditch (now abandoned). Wetland B is positioned in the landscape approximately 6 to 8 feet below Wetland C. Wetland B contains PSS and POW habitats (Photograph 2 in Appendix F). As part of an effort to prevent silt and wood debris from entering Lake Washington in 2006, an outfall was excavated along the north side of Wetland B to create a stable outlet for stormwater into Lake Washington. Wetland vegetation is dominated by Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum), Pacific willow (Salix lasiandra), soft rush (funcus eflUsus), and purple-leaved willowherb (Epilobium cilia tum). Dominant buffer vegetation of Wetland B includes monotypic stands of Japanese knotweed and Himalayan blackberry. Most (90 percent) of the buffer apparently was maintained until recently. These maintained areas have now become fully vegetated, with Japanese knotweed dominating the western buffer and Himalayan blackberry dominating the eastern buffer. The remaining buffer (10 percent) on the north and south ends of the wetland has a few large native trees (greater than 16 inches dbh), but the understory is a shrub layer dominated by non-native invasive plants. The western buffer extends to Lake Washington with extensive open and deep water habitats. Wildlife use of Wetland B and its buffer was not very evident, but there were a few physical indicators such as a beaver slide to the west from the wetland toward the lake, and other small mammal tunnels in the dense vegetation. There was evidence of turtle use on the partially submerged woody debris within the standing water of the wetland. No aquatic organisms Wedand and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 18 No. emk.-2(}{)9Mxl.QU 060059-01 1iL'fTJ-8jd*,-6,J} J;J/;R}l1~'MJ!);l1~q I m9PBPl'/fBrf:P"c}{Ppc/pDMS=lnteT\VoxenlJ,faJ1i/gcEormat=-«LlE:e:e<:<1YJ.JM:>:,.v«VER:» «.9LT»:«MIB».pRESERYELOCATIONi·MEeGE.foRM4T Wetland Delineation were seen in the water other than the purple-leaved willowherb. Wildlife observed in the wetland and its buffer includes spotted towhee (Pipilo maculatus), song sparrow, and American goldfinch (Carduelis tristis). The open water habitat within the wetland quickly transitions to a scrub-shrub buffer habitat. Movement of wildlife from the wetland habitat to the buffer or from the buffer to the wetland appears to offer migration, forage, shelter, and breeding opportunities for specific species of amphibians, waterfowl, and mammals. Similarly, the transition from the wetland to the buffer to the lake offers a greater migration route with the dense shrub cover between the two open water habitats. Wetland B (denoted as Quendall Pond in the CERCLA RIIFS documents) is known to contain relatively high concentrations of contaminants in soil and groundwater, which limit the quality, use, and function of these habitats and corridors. Because contaminants are known to be in the study area, soil pits were not excavated in Wetland B. Wetland B is the largest of the constructed stormwater features in the study area. As described above, during large rain events, Wetland G may convey stormwater through a relic connection or by surface flow. The depth of water in Wetland B was not discernablediscemihle because of opaque water coloration and the presence of contamination preventing further investigation; however, the volume and depth did appear to exceed several feet. Two sample plots were established as part of Wetland B: SPIWet and SPIUp (Appendices A, C, and D). The wetland plot contained indicators ofhydrophytic vegetation and wetland hydrology. The upland plot lacked indicators of wetland hydrology and hydrophytic vegetation. Eleven flags were used to identify the Wetland B boundary (Appendix A). 3.2.3 WetlandC Wetland C is an approximately 0.03-acre (1,200 sf) depressional wetland and is another constructed stormwater feature in the study area displaying wetland characteristics (Figure 7; Appendix A). The wetland is located in the center of the parcel with the western boundary approximately 38 feet from Lake Washington. Like Wetland B, the wetland is representative of a stormwater pond with standing water observed during the survey. Wetland C is Wetland and OrdinaIY High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 19 Qf4,;T 1.H l8~2? .. U)(}HM~J (}()()(H-N Na''embe£2{){}9!uJy2011 060059-01 PQCjJRQfERTY DgcfDQclD DMSoJnterwovenlAfallage foa:aa.tC'.~~LJJ32. 5<:l'fJ.!M?2.~5"J!F:R>~ 5<:CLT»,<<:MTR»PRESERVE'LQ(dI'[!QN!:.AfF:l?GF:fQl?AfA.T Wetland Delineation positioned in the landscape approximately 6 to 8 feet above Wetland B. The entirety of Wetland C was constructed in 2006 as part of an effort to prevent silt and wood debris from entering Lake Washington (Phoinix 2006). An earthen berm was constructed along the southwest edge of Wetlands Band C, and check dams were installed to control turbid water and floating debris. Wetland C likely flows directly into Wetland B during high flow events via sheetflow (Figure 7; Photograph 3 in Appendix F). Wetland C was constructed in an upland area that did not contain wetland indicators, based on the fact that Wetland C was not identified during a wetland delineation conducted by David Evans and Associates in 1997 (Appendix G). Wetland C contains PFO, PSS, PEM, and POW habitats. At the time of the survey, Pacific willow and black cottonwood saplings were the only vegetation observed in Wetland Band distributed along the wetland's edge. The saplings were all 3 to 5 feet in height with a dbh of approximately 1 to 3 inches. Because of the recent construction and maintenance of this feature, the wetland habitat and buffer habitat are heavily degraded and offer little or no opportunity for wildlife use. Because contaminants are known to be in the study area, soil pits were not excavated in Wetland C. The wetland is oval-shaped and, as described above, resembles a small settling pond. The wetland primarily receives stormwater runoff from the study area and direct precipitation. During the survey, based only on visual approximations, the depth of standing water was about 10 to 12 inches in the deepest parts. Two sample plots were established as part of Wetland C: SPIWet and SPIUp (Appendices A, C, and D). The wetland plot contained indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and wetland hydrology. The upland plot lacked indicators of wetland hydrology and hydrophytic vegetation. Soil pits were not excavated. Ten flags were used to identify the Wetland C boundary (Appendix A). Wedand and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 20 QU{IJH_m22cLgiIB1~cOg2(}(}1 NOl'embe£-2()()9july:zQl] 060059-0l roCPRQPIIBTr: PCZcXI)ocJPDMS4I1teI1Ycz~epIMani1gefCZrII1at",,«LIB> ~,,<lYl!N> > ~,,<YIIB>? 5<CLT>.>.c.<5MTR»PRESERVELQCATIONJ'MERGEFORMAT Wetland Delineation 3.2.4 WetlandD Wetland D is a 0.38-acre (16,686-sf) lake-fringe and slope wetland that contains LFO, LSS, and LEM habitats (Figure 7; Appendix A). Wetland D is associated with Lake Washington (Photograph 4 in Appendix F) and extends approximately 170 feet into the study area. Wetland D is the only wetland in the study area included in the USFWS Wetlands Mapper for NlVI Map Information (Figure 5), which identifies this as PSS habitat. Wetland vegetation is dominated by large black cottonwood, Pacific willow, red alder, and red-osier dogwood. The dominant buffer vegetation includes black cottonwood and Himalayan blackberry and is the most diverse in vegetative strata layers (canopy, sub-canopy, scrub-shrub, and herbaceous) and the most intact of all the project site wetland buffers. Approximately 40 percent of the wetland buffer is Lake Washington to the northwest. Wildlife use of Wetland D is very similar to but more diverse than Wetland A. Several physical wildlife indicators within the wetland and the buffer were observed: woodpecker cavities, stick nests, basket nests, mole mounds, soil burrows, forage snags, beaver forage marks, matted vegetation, and mammal tunnels in the dense vegetation. There was also evidence of turtle and waterfowl use on partially submerged woody debris and vegetative mats at the edge ofthe lake and within the wetland. Wildlife observed in the wetland and its buffer includes Black-capped chickadee, song sparrow, bushtit, spotted towhee, downy woodpecker (Picoides pubescens), brown creeper (Certhia americana), American robin (Turdus migratrious), and northwest crow (Corvus caurinus). The transition from the open water habitat to the wetland to an intact upland buffer offers soft edges between all habitats. Movement of wildlife from the buffer to the wetland to the lake, or back, may offer healthy migration, forage, shelter, and breeding opportunities for specific species of amphibians, waterfowl, and mammals. This wetland, along with its buffer, appears to offer the best habitat opportunity for the most species due to its size, vegetative structure, hydrology regimes, and position in the landscape. Three soil pits were excavated in Wetland D (Appendix A); one near the lake's edge (SPIWet), one in the upland (SPIUp), and one in the uppermost extent of the wetland (SP2Wet). The soils in SPIWet included very dark grayish-brown (10YR 312) sandy loam to 6 inches deep and then gray (lOYR 5/1) silt loam with dark yellowish brown (lOYR 4/6) mottles through 18+ Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 21 f!}fU81J8&;d'Lf!.0}:;£9JJ)O~QO I Ne. eme.::2(}{}9IWx;;'QU 060059-01 JJcx::PRQPERTypo~XP(}cI]) JJiI1S4n.IertvOl'enI,Nanage FQm1at=.«LIB~>. «NI!M1'1'ys<J7ER» <;<CLTx'.c.«MTR»PRESERVELOCATIONj"M$1i<i;lj'EQ1JM4T Wetland Delineation inches. Soils in SP2Wet included black (lOYR 2/1) loamy sand through 10 inches and then dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) loamy sand through 18+ inches. At approximately 10 to 12 inches, a narrow band of dark gray (2.5YR 4/1) silt loam with dark yellowish-brown (lOYR 4/6) mottles was observed with interspersed coarse angular rock. SPI Up included grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loamy clay through 18+ inches. Soil saturation was observed at the surface in the majority of Wetland D with standing water near the lake's edge. The primary hydrologic indicator in the upper extent of Wetland D included sparsely vegetated concave surface and water-stained leaves. In the upland plot, saturation was observed at the surface. Three sample plots were established as part of Wetland D: SPIWet, SP2Wet, and SPIUp (Appendices A, D, and D). SPIWet and SP2Wet contained indicators ofhydrophytic vegetation, wetland hydrology, and hydric soils. The upland plot, SPI Up, had indicators of wetland hydrology and hydric soils, but lacked hydrophytic vegetation. Twenty-two flags were used to identify the Wetland D boundary (Appendix A). 3.2.5 Wetland E Wetland E is a D.ll-acre (4,556-sf) depressional wetland that contains PFO and PSS habitat located in the southwest corner of the study area (Figure 7; Appendix A). Like Wetlands B, C, and G, Wetland E is a constructed stormwater feature in the study area, but it contains a more developed and mature forested component than the others (Photographs 1 and 2 in Appendix F). Wetland vegetation is dominated by young black cottonwood, Pacific willow, red alder, and red-osier dogwood. Dominant buffer vegetation includes Japanese knotweed and Himalayan blackberry, and a few mature black cottonwoods and young red alders (Photograph 5 in Appendix F). The entire wetland buffer apparently was maintained as transportation routes (roads) or staging areas (log storage) up until the facility closed in the past few years. These areas, other than the roads, have now become overgrown with upland invasive species, such as Scot's broom (Cytisus scoparius) and Himalayan blackberry. The dirt roads remain and are heavily compacted, supporting very little vegetation .. Wildlife use of Wetland E and its buffer was not evident other than a few stick and leaf nests. There were some physical indicators of beaver foraging, but the teeth marks were very old and Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Tenninals 22 [) W7CJII4IS612~1.1)Q]2ft¥H!!J@fM 1'!e,'ember 2(}{)9lwxl.Qll 060059-01 DOCPROPERTYDoc}(DocJD.DMS4I)(erwoy.en[MlllJilge . .foan.iJtC'5.<LlB?;:> .. <:dYlfM?;?1'«.VER>2 s5Cl,.T>?;.'.<:<M.1Jl.??£R/i$./iRYE?QQJ][QNJ:M/iRIi./ifQFN4T Wetland Delineation not very common. There was no evidence of aquatic organisms within the standing water of the wetland other than plants. Wildlife observed in the wetland and its buffer includes spotted towhee, Anna's hummingbird, northwest crow, American robin, song sparrow, and Wilson's snipe (Gallinago delicata). The open water habitat within the wetland quickly transitions to a scrub-shrub, young forest buffer habitat. This transition of an open water habitat to a wetland to a disturbed upland offers both soft and hard edges between habitats. Movement of wildlife from the wetland habitat to the upland or from the upland to the wetland appears healthy and may offer migration, forage, shelter, and breeding opportunities for some species of amphibians, waterfowl, and mammals. The transition from the disturbed maintained upland habitats to the wetland habitat offers a more abrupt transition to wildlife. Hard edges tend to benefit some species while creating a less beneficial habitat for others. Migration, forage, shelter, and breeding near or in these areas may be limited for many species. Contaminated soil and sediments in this wetland may limit the quality, use, and function of these habitats and corridors. Because of the presence of contamination in the study area, soil pits were not excavated in Wetland E. The wetland determination for each plot was based on hydrology and vegetation data. The majority of Wetland E had standing water at the surface with some areas appearing in excess of 2-feet deep. A staff gaugegage was installed in 1995 to monitor water levels in 1995 and 1996 (Aspect 2009). At the time of the survey, the water level was around 0 foot; however, there were indications that the high water line on the gauge~ exceeded 3.5 feet. It is not known if this device was installed relative to any fixed position, but it does provide details on the storage capacity of the wetland. Wetland hydrology was not observed in the upland plot. Two sample plots were established as part of Wetland E: SPIWet and SPIUp (Appendices A, C, and D). SPIWet contained indicators ofhydrophytic vegetation and wetland hydrology. The upland plot lacked any indications of hydrophytic vegetation or wetland hydrology. Nineteen flags were used to identify the Wetland E boundary (Appendix A). Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report QuendalI Terminals 23 Ne\'i3fflM 2009!u1y2Qll 060059-01 OlIT 11Y.M.6ZhtI00.l1M'H!f)OQIJ I PQt;P.R.QPliRTYDocXDoeIDDMS=InterwovenIManageFormat"O<"LJB»«NUM>;, v«fER>" <<.t;i,T»".-cNTRc>!'.Rli$.lil?VliL.QQl.TlQN.I·"MF:..l?CiF:.EQl?M4r Wetland Delineation 3.2.6 Wetland F Wetland F is a small O.ll-acre (546-sf) lake-fringe and slope wetland that contains LSS and LEM habitat (Figure 7; Appendix A). The entire boundary of Wetland F was delineated within the study area. Wetland F is associated with Lake Washington (Photographs 1 and 2 in Appendix F) and is located in the center of the study area, immediately west of Wetland C. Wetland vegetation is dominated by red alder, Pacific willow, soft rush, and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea). Dominant buffer vegetation includes Japanese knotweed and Himalayan blackberry (Photograph 3 in Appendix F). Although Wetland F is a very small wetland, wildlife use in the wetland and buffer was evident through several physical indicators such as shell and crustacean middens, forage snags, waterfowl droppings, beaver forage marks, and mammal tunnels in the dense vegetation. There was also evidence of recent turtle use (wet log) of a partially submerged log at the edge of the wetland bordering the lake. No wildlife was observed in the wetland or its buffer during field investigations. Half of the wetland perimeter is along Lake Washington, offering a transition from an open water habitat to a wetland to a vegetated upland. Movement of wildlife from the upland habitat to the wetland to the lake appears unobstructed and may offer migration, forage, shelter, and breeding opportunities for specific species of amphibians, waterfowl, and mammals. The actual wetland is so small that habitat function associated with the wetland may be reduced as an area for migration, forage, shelter, and breeding. Soils in the wetland plot included dark grayish-brown (2.5Y 412) sand with yellowish brown (lOYR 5/6) mottles to 6 inches deep (Appendix D). Below about 6 inches, dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) sand with dark yellowish-brown (lOYR 4/6) mottles was observed in the matrix. Soil pits in the upland plot were not excavated in Wetland F because of the presence of contamination. Wetland hydrology was evident with free-standing water in the sample plot within about 10 inches of the surface. Wetland hydrology was not observed in the upland plot. Two sample plots were established as part of Wetland F: SPIWet and SPIUp (Appendices A, C, and D). SPIWet contained indicators ofhydrophytic vegetation, wetland hydrology, and hydric soils. The upland plot lacked hydrophytic vegetation and any indication of wetland Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Deh"neation Report Quendall Terminals 24 1'kJl'emhe:2{){}9!lJ1y 2.911 060059-01 £jWT 184H!~~J2rlJll!R6'fYJ()(){}f)4 DOCPROPERTYDorXDQcl12.PM~[l}te[}yQ1(e{1[ManalJeFgrIAat=OS5LJlJ»S<NI!M""v<;5VERx> <;.<CL.T)o)o~,.<<.MTR.)o)op.R.J[$ER.VJ[LQQ!TlQNI:MERGEFORMAT Wetland Delineation hydrology. Soils were not examined in the upland plot. Four flags were used to identify the Wetland F boundary (Appendix A). 3.2.7 WetlandG Wetland G is a small, approximately O.OS-acre (2, 198-sf) depressional wetland (Figure 7; Appendix A). It is thought that Wetland G was excavated as part of construction of berms to direct tar on the site into Wetland B (Aspect 2009). The wetland is narrow and ditch-like and at one time conveyed stormwater to Wetland B, but has since been separated by a compacted dirt road separating the two (no culverts were found) (Figure 7). During prolonged rain events, Wetland G likely fills to capacity and sheetflows into Wetland B. Wetland G is positioned in the landscape approximately 2 to 4 feet below the rest of the study area. Wetland G contains PSS and PFO habitat. Wetland vegetation is dominated by black cottonwood, Pacific willow, and Himalayan blackberry, with an isolated patch of emergent vegetation. Dominant wetland buffer vegetation includes black cottonwood, black twinberry, and Himalayan blackberry (Figure 4; Photographs 7 and 8 in Appendix F). Based on aerial photography, it appears that more than half of the current areas adjacent to Wetland G are or have been maintained as transportation routes (roads) or staging areas (log storage). Appendix H provides a historic aerial photo from 1990 that shows log storage and roads present in the current location of Wetland G. These areas, aside from one existing road to the west, have now become overgrown with upland invasive plants such as Scot's broom, Japanese knotweed, and Himalayan blackberry. Physical evidence of wildlife use in Wetland G was limited possibly due to the wetland's long and narrow shape. Wildlife observed in the wetland and its buffer includes northwest crow, song sparrow, and black-capped chickadee. The narrow scrub-shrub habitat and small patches of young forest buffer habitat offer wildlife a possible corridor of cover/shelter along or through the wetland. This wetland and buffer habitat extends further east than any other wetland at the project site and overlaps with the buffer from Wetland B, creating a corridor to Lake Washington. Due to the narrow shape ofthe wetland, migration, forage, shelter, and breeding near or in these areas may be limited for many species. Contaminated soil and sediments in this wetland may limit the quality, use, and function of these habitats and corridors. Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 25 Mwember-2{J{}9july2011 060059-01 fJlf!IJM1&i}l, / ~OH~ PQC;fRQl)liRrL1}J2cXl2p£l1}I2M~411t~!Jyox#JJLMlJjNgf{fqlJJ!~tcs_sl,I.1!~~ .. scJYl.!M~~~~.YI}l?~ <,;(;I,T>?c«!J.1TR»PRESERVELQCA.TfQNJ· llf%RCiEfQRllfAT Wetland Delineation Because of the presence of contamination in the study area, soil pits were not excavated in Wetland G. The wetland determination for each plot was based on hydrology and vegetation data. Wetland G is a narrow, ditch-like wetland that primarily receives stormwater runoff from the study area and direct precipitation. Standing water was present in much of the wetland. The upland plot did not display any wetland hydrology indicators. Two sample plots were established as part of Wetland G: SPIWet and SPIUp (Appendices A, C, and D). SPIWet contained indicators ofhydrophytic vegetation and wetland hydrology. The upland plot contained indicators of hydrophytic vegetation but lacked wetland hydrology. Eighteen flags were used to identify the Wetland G boundary (Appendix A). 3.2.8 WetlandH Wetland H is an approximately O.OI-acre (SII-sf) slope and depressional wetland located on the southern edge of the study area along the property boundary (Figure 7; Appendix A). Like many of the other features described in this report, Wetland H was constructed as a stormwater feature to control stormwater. Work was conducted in January 2006 to control silt and wood debris from flowing into Lake Washington. Wetland H was excavated in January 2006 to clean out the ditch along the southern portion of the site. Four rock check dams were placed in the cleared ditch at approximately 2S-foot intervals to allow for sediment and wood debris control. Although Wetland H contains wetland indicators, it is located in an area that was excavated to function as stormwater conveyance off the site and into Lake Washington. Wetland H is positioned in the landscape approximately 2 to 4 feet below the rest of the study area and contains PFO, PSS, and PEM habitats (Figure 2; Photographs 9 and 10 in Appendix F). It is adjacent to a IS-foot-tall engineered concrete block wall, which is the boundary line between the project site and the newly developed parcel to the south. The low area extends along the concrete block wall and develops more ditch-like characteristics near Wetland H and Lake Washington. Wetland vegetation is dominated by mature black cottonwood, red alder, Pacific willow, and Himalayan blackberry. Dominant wetland buffer vegetation Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Tenninals 26 PWTI3.1l8ftHfic!i1H2f&5c!i!!f)f)fM Net '&Bhe.-2{}(}911J/x2o.U 060059-01 D.oCPROPERTY DQcXDocIDDMS.4l!teDYOX~<;l!l.M'Mlagf#FOIJn.af~<;.,U.1}»«JIIl!M»v«YEli» <,CL.r>;>;,.,<l,1T&>;£lil{$l{li~L.QQJ.r!QN.I .. ·.MERG§fQRMAT Wetland Delineation includes reed canarygrass and Himalayan blackberry. Effectively, the wetland only has two-thirds of its buffer. Wildlife use of Wetland H and its buffer may be increased by the presence of an adjacent concrete wall south of the wetland. Species traveling south or north may follow the wall until they reach the shoreline, effectively routing them through Wetland H or its buffer. Several physical indicators of wildlife presence within the wetland and the buffer were observed: woodpecker cavities, stick nests, forage snags, and beaver forage marks. Wildlife observed in the wetland and its buffer includes black-capped chickadee, song sparrow, spotted towhee, Downy woodpecker, and northwest crow. The entire area from the open water habitat of Lake Washington to the west, through the wetland, to the upland buffer is fully vegetated and may provide good shelter as well as a migration path for wildlife. Movement of wildlife from the buffer to the wetland to the lake, or back, may offer healthy migration, forage, shelter, and breeding opportunities for specific species of amphibians, waterfowl, and mammals. A single soil pit in the wetland was excavated and photographed in Wetland H; however, because of the presence of contamination in the study area, the soils were not handled and no information was recorded. The wetland determination for each plot was based on hydrology and vegetation data. Wetland H is a narrow ditch-like wetland that primarily receives stormwater runoff from the study area and direct precipitation. Adjacent to the wetland is another, smaller constructed stormwater feature that also collects stormwater from portions ofthe site. This feature sits at a higher elevation than Wetland H and conveys stormwater from an adjacent ditch through a culvert to the eastern extent of the wetland. Flowing water was present during the survey. The upland plot did not display indications of wetland hydrology. Two sample plots were established as part of Wetland H: SPIWet and SPIUp (Appendices A, C, and D). SP 1 Wet contained indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and wetland hydrology. The upland sample plot lacked indicators of wetland vegetation and hydrology. Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 27 fii!1'l)§4I*"llyjQfJ32f>2HJ!)IJf)M Ne"ember2{){)91qIyIPU 060059-01 QQC;PRQpERTY DocXDocIDDMS4IlternrOVeilIMiJJ1agt; FOJlIl.a{"C5.,;:LJE»_,,<lYUM»y«YER» <;:CJ,r~?.,;:;:MTl???PRl[SERYEJ.Q(:A,TfQN!:.MERGE!:PRM4r Wetland Delineation 3.2.9 Wetland I Wetland I is an approximately a.05-acre (2,358-sf) depressional wetland located on the small portion of the property across Lake Washington Boulevard (Figure 7; Appendix A). Like many of the other features described in this report, Wetland I is a result of land surface manipulation and road construction. Wetland I is positioned in the landscape between 1-405 and Lake Washington Boulevard where it receives storm water runoff from adjacent impervious surfaces. The wetland contains PSS and PEM habitats (Figure 2; Photograph 15 in Appendix F) and all habitats are dominated by Japanese knotweed. Wetland vegetation is either stunted or dying adjacent to or under the thick canopy of Japanese knotweed. Dominant wetland buffer vegetation includes Himalayan blackberry and Pacific willow. Physical evidence of wildlife use in Wetland I was limited possibly because of its location between 1-405 and Lake Washington Boulevard or because there is a Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) right-of-way fence bordering the wetland to the east. Also, the wetland is dominated by Japanese knotweed, which has created a monoculture habitat with no herbaceous layer and limited species diversity. Due to the narrow shape of the wetland, the presence of the fence and roads, and the abundance of Japanese knotweed, migration, forage, shelter, and breeding near or in these areas may be limited for many species. Soils in the wetland plot included very dark brown loam (lOYR 311) in the top 6 inches (Appendix D). Between 6 and 12 inches, a dark gray (lOYR 3/2) loam with brownish-red (2.5YR 4/6) mottles was observed in the matrix. Below 12 inches was a dark red (5YR 4/2) sandy loam matrix with two distinct mottles (10YR 6/9 and 2.5y 4/2). Soil pits in the upland plot were dark brown silty loam (lOYR 3/3) to 8 inches. From 8 to 18 inches, the same matrix (IOYR 3/3) was present with strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles. Wetland I is a narrow ditch -like wetland that primarily receives stormwater runoff from the adjacent roads and direct precipitation. The western edge of the wetland appears to undergo seasonal mowing or cutting to maintain the roadway and clearance for overhead pewedinesppwer lines. A WSDOT fence bisects the southeastern edge of the wetland so the full extent of the wetland is unknown, but it appears that the only a small portion remained undelineated. Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 28 Na''eHlhe:2{)(}9july20fl 060059-01 !!JfE{~1l8iilLQfJ-lliJ?Lf}o9!!9.~! DQt;;PlJOE;ElJnrPQ'XPQc.;lfJI2lyrdd1JJ~fJypX~n1M~I1i1g~/i"glJ1li!tc;~~L.ll!G>. idjJ.!M2c~<<cJ(JJ82> «CLT»c«MTR» E;RESE.lJ VELQc;A.TIQi'lI·ME/l.C;iI£Q/l.MA T Wetland Delineation Two sample plots were established as part of Wetland I: SPIWet and SPIUp (Appendices A, C, and D). The wetland plot contained indicators of hydrophytic vegetation, soils, and hydrology. The upland sample plot lacked indicators of wetland vegetation, soils, and hydrology. 3.2.10 Wetland) The full size of Wetland J is undetermined but may be approximately 0.05 acre (Figure 7; Appendix A). The wetland is a slope and depressional wetland located on the eastern edge of the portion of the study area on the east side of Lake Washington Boulevard. Only a small portion of the wetland extends onto the parcel, with the majority of the wetland extending off the parcel into the WSDOT 1-405 right-of-way. Like many ofthe other features described in this report, Wetland J was partially constructed and manipulated to convey stormwater from a WSDOT stormwater pond to another waterbody (Gypsy Creek). Wetland J is positioned in the landscape running north to south along the parcel boundary. The wetland contains PSS and PEM habitats (Figure 2; Photograph 14 in Appendix F). Wetland vegetation is dominated by red alder, reed canarygrass, and Himalayan blackberry. Dominant wetland buffer vegetation includes Himalayan blackberry. Physical evidence of wildlife use in Wetland J was limited possibly because its proximity to 1-405, Lake Washington Boulevard, and a WSDOT right-of-way fence bordering the wetland on most of its eastern boundary. Like Wetland I, Wetland J is dominated by two invasive plant species, Himalayan blackberry and reed canarygrass, which have created a monoculture habitat with no native herbaceous layer and no possibility for tree saplings to grow. Because of the proximity of the fence and roads, as well as dense invasive plants, migration, forage, shelter, and breeding near or in these areas may be limited. Soils in the wetland plot have a dense 3-inch-thick layer of root mat from reed canarygrass. Below the root mat to 18 inches is a very dark silty loam (10YR 3/1). The upland soil plot was similarly consistent with a dark brownish-red (10YR 4/2) silty loam. Wetland J has both slope and depressional characteristics throughout. The wetland primarily receives stormwater runoff from the WSDOT right-of-way. Approximately 50 feet to the north of the delineated portion of the wetland is Gypsy Creek. Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 29 fJlfHJ1EW"Lf!!!lli2l02flf!!H Because of recent stream Nm-emM"2{)(}9!uly201l 060059-01 PQ(;£RQpERIXJ]gc;}(f)Of;lJ:2IZM$=lIJJel1YJ!}{e.n.l1:rf.~ll~ge fPJIlJ.fi.fs<<LlB>?<sNJ!JI.1».Jr5<VER» «c;LT»,«JI.1TR»PRE$F:RV§].Qc;ATIQj\fJ'jl,fERGEFORMAT Wetland Delineation improvements and culverts on Gypsy Creek, Wetland J does not appear to receive any flood waters from Gypsy Creek. Two sample plots were established as part of Wetland J: SPIWet and SPIUp (Appendices A, C, and D). The wetland plot contained indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and wetland hydrology. The upland sample plot lacked indicators of wetland vegetation and hydrology. 3.3 Regulatory Framework As stated above, this report assumes regJ.!latoryiIlt~rpretations that will result in a p()st remediation conditionthatwould allow the greatest area for redevelopment baseggnttLe 1983 City of Renton's Shoreline Management PlarllilldAppendix E of the DEIS. Guidance from USFWS, Ecology, and the City was used to determine the wetland classifications. Information and excerpts from the specific guidance language are provided below. 3.3.1 USFWS ClaSSification The wetlands identified in the study area have been classified using the system developed by Cowardin et al. (1979) for use in the NWI. Table 3 lists the USFWS classifications for the wetlands and their connections to surface waters. Table 3 USFWS Wetland Classifications and Connections to Surface Water Wetland USFWS Classification A LFO, LSS, & LEM B PSS, POW, PEM, and PFO C PSS & POW D LFO, LSS, & LEM E PSS & PFO F LSS & LEM G PSS & POW H PFO, PSS, & PEM I PSS J PSS & PEM Notes: Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 30 ~H5F 'Sf ','M220-2(+'P(t95 {)(.J{)(.JIH- Connection to Surface Water Associated with Lake Washington Not associated to surface water Not associated to surface water Associated with Lake Washington Not associated to surface water Associated with Lake Washington Not associated to surface water Associated with Lake Washington Not associated to surface water Flows to adjacent stream N",'emBer2{){}9[uIy2Pl] 060059-01 DQC;ERQPEl?TrJJf)cXD()~IDJJMS4nt"rwoyenIManage Format",,<;<;LIB»<;dYJJM>~y<;<;YIIl?» <;<;CLT»,<;<;MTR»PRESERVELOGIITION,I·MERCi.11.FQRMAT PFO -Palustrine forested PSS -Palustrine scrub-shrub PEM -Palustrine emergent POW -Palustrine open water LFO -Lacustrine forested LSS -Lacustrine scrub-shrub LEM -Lacustrine emergent Wetland Delineation 3,3,2 Ecology Rating, Classification, and Functions and Values Scores The wetlands identified in the study area have been rated using Ecology's Washington State Wetland Rating System -Western Washington: Revised (Ecology 2004) and Wetland Rating Form -Western Washington: Revised (Ecology 2006). As part of the rating process, an examination of the soil is required for depressional wetlands to determine if "2 inches below the surface (or duff layer) is clay or organic." Although soil plots were not collected in all upland depressional wetlands (constructed stormwater features) due to the presence of contamination, observations from other soil plots throughout the site and soil series maps suggest no soils were clay or organic. Table 4 lists the wetland ratings and classifications. Water quality, hydrologic, and habitat functional values are shown in Table 5. A summary of the wetland rating scores and the Ecology Wetland Rating forms are included in Appendix E. Table 4 Summary of Wetland Classes and Rating Scores Using Ecology Wetlands Rating System Hydrogeomorphic Wetland Area (acres) Classification Wetland A 0.08 Slope/Lake Fringe Wetland B 0.14 Depressional Wetland C 0.03 Depressional Wetland D 0.38 Slope/Lake Fringe Wetland E 0.11 Depressional Wetland F 0.01 Slope/Lake Fringe Wetland G 0.05 Depressional Wetland H 0.01 Slope Wetland I 0.05 Depressional Wetland J 0.05' Depressional/Slope Note: 'Full extent of Wetland J is undetermined due to right-of-way crossing. Wedand and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 31 State Rating (Ecology) III III IV II III III III IV III III Mwemher-2{}{}9Ju1y2911 060059-01 !I:-WE;:~U~_~l:b} f)()32695 ()()(}-'}f}1 PQC;PROPlfRTrD9£XJ:}9f[!'2,12M$dl}telJY9l(ePL¥~p~ge[PTIJl~f~'i5LIIJ.?:>dC5t:{J,!Mi;"J''isYlIli>2 ,,<CLT»,«MTE»PRE$ERVELQQlTlQNI'jl1§EClEfQE¥AT Wetland Delineation ------------------------------------- Table 5 Summary of Functions and Values Wetland Rating Scores Water Quality Water Hydrologic Hydrologic Habitat Habitat Total Functions Quality Functions Functions Functions Functions Functio Potential Opportunity Potential Opportunity Potential Opportunity ns Wetland Score (Yes/No) Score (Yes/No) Score Score Score! Total No= 1 No= 1 Maximum 16 16 18 18 72 Score Yes =2 Yes =2 A 6 2 4 2 9 11 40 B 2 2 12 2 6 8 42 C 2 2 8 2 0 6 26 D 9 2 6 2 12 12 54 E 7 2 12 2 7 5 50 F 6 2 4 2 6 9 35 G 9 2 8 2 4 7 45 H 3 2 3 2 7 6 25 I 9 2 8 2 3 6 43 J 7 2 5 2 8 6 38 Note: 1-Calculated as (Water Quality Functions Potential Score times Water Quality Opportunity Score) plus (Hydrologic Functions Potential Score times Hydrologic Functions Opportunity Score) plus Habitat Functions Potential Score plus Habitat Functions Opportunity Score Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 32 BIf':r '.8{ f8G21~}--,}eJJ~9J: (}J)OJ)f)4 11'01 emhe:2{J(}9jqly;?Pll 060059-01 QCX;:Pl?OF'ERTYDocXDoclD DMS;4IJ!e!JYot;enI¥i!llage .F<}TI11at~5<LIB>? .,c.5NI!M;»JC<:<XER:e> <.<CLT»c<.,cMTR:e> .. F'1?$S$RV$.(:.QQi.T1QNI']y[ERGEFORMAT Wetland Delineation 3.3.3 City 0/ Renton Wetland Classification Guidance Wetlands were also rated according to City wetland rating criteria in the RMC (City of Renton 2009). The City classifies wetlands into three categories (Category 1, Category 2, and Category 3) based on the City critical areas regulations. Appropriate wetland buffers have been identified according to the current RMC (City of Renton 2009). City ratings and buffer widths are provided in Table 6. Table 6 City of Renton Wetland Ratings and Standard Buffer Distance Study Area Size State Rating Local Rating Buffer Width Wetlands (acres) (Ecology) (City of Renton) (feet) Wetland A 0.08 III 2 50 feet Wetland B 0.14 III 1 100 feet Wetland C 0.03 IV 3 25 feet Wetland D 0.38 II 2 50 feet Wetland E 0.11 III 1 100 feet Wetland F 0.01 III 2 50 feet Wetland G 0.05 III 3 25 feet ' Wetland H 0.01 IV 3 25 feet Wetland I 0.05 III 3 25 feet Wetland J 0.05' III 3 25 feet Total 0.89 Notes: 1-Wetland G is exempt from City of Renton critical area requirements based on the criteria in RMC 4-3-050 C5(f), as discussed in Section 3.5. 2 -Full extent of Wetland J is undetermined due to right-of-way crossing. 3.4 Wetland Functions and Values Summary In general, wetlands in the study area provide many functions including water quality improvements, floodwater storage, groundwater recharge, and wildlife habitat. The wetlands in the study area can be divided into two categories: wetlands that are constructed stormwater features and wetlands that are naturally occurring. The constructed stormwater features generally display a higher opportunity to provide hydrologic function than naturally Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 33 fJWTJ*1i£'?i;'I_QQ}.2~2J _000001 Nel'ffBhe.-2O{)f}ju)y2Ql1 06()()59-OJ DCX:;PRQPERTYPot;:XDoc]D [JMS:JnJer>yov""Ili{anage.Format:_<.<.LIB» .«NUM»v«EER:» «CLT>C>c<<.MTR»PRESERYELOCATlONL'ME!i.GEf.ORM4T Wetland Delineation occurring wetlands, given their storage capacities to control flow during large storm events. However, the constructed stormwater features also display generally low to moderate opportunity and potential to provide habitat value and opportunity to provide water quality value. The naturally occurring wetlands on the main parcel (Wetlands A, D, and F) are all slope and lake-fringe wetlands and provide moderate potential and opportunity to provide habitat function; however, given the nature oflake-fringe wetlands, they provide only low to moderate potential to provide water quality and hydrologic functions. The functional values of wetlands in the study area were rated according to the most current version of the Ecology Washington State Wedands Rating System -Western Washington: Revised (Ecology 2004). Based on the rating scores, the overall functions of each of the three wetland rating categories of water quality, hydrologic, and wildlife habitat are rated as low (less than 34 percent of the maximum possible score), moderate (34 percent to 67 percent of the maximum possible score), or high (greater than 68 percent of the maximum possible score). Overall, the majority of wetlands in the study area have low to moderate water quality, hydrologic, and wildlife habitat function scores. Few of the wetlands have high hydrologic function scores and none of the wetlands have high water quality or habitat function scores. Of the ten wetlands in the study area, six were identified as depressional wetlands, three were identified as lake fringe wetlands, and one was identified as a slope wetland. Ecology wetland rating forms are provided in Appendix E. A summary of the wetland classes and functions and values rating scores is provided in Table 5. Wetland acreage also affects function. No wetland in the study area is larger than 1 acre. Because large wetlands have more capacity for capturing stormwater flows, improving water quality, and providing a variety of habitats for wildlife, they are more likely to provide beneficial functions than smaller wetlands. Water quality, hydrologic, and habitat functional values for wetlands in the study area are described below. For each function category, the wetlands' opportunity to provide that function is described first and the wetlands' potential to provide that function is described thereafter. Wetland buffers are areas of land surrounding a wetland boundary that protect wetlands from the effects of adjacent land use. Buffers help wetlands function by filtering storm runoff from surrounding developments, trapping sediment, absorbing nutrients, attenuating high flows, Wedand and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Qpendall Terminals 34 DJ¥H84lB.6J2l LJH!J2~9J OO(}O()4 Na. emheF 2{}{)9Juiy20J] 060059-01 DOC PROPERTY DOC]([)PcP2 [)M$=inc"[1Voj'enLManJ!g" .• f'PITJJl!t"C>sL 1lh>. <:.<;NJJM?>y,c", VER>;. 5<.CLT>2c5<.MTR» PRESERVELOCA.T10NL:]'v[EB(lF,"FORMAT Wetland Delineation and providing wildlife habitat. Buffers also physically separate wetlands from developed areas in order to lessen noise, light, chemical pollution, and other associated human-related disturbances. Most of the wetlands in the study area are adjacent to some disturbed habitat, roadway, or compacted dirt roads. With the exception of the three lake-fringe wetlands in the study area, wetland buffer habitat is generally of low quality and typically includes compacted dirt and roads, and is nearly devoid of vegetation. The buffers associated with each wetland, per local codes, are detailed in Table 6. 3.4.1 Water Quality Functions All of the wetlands in the study area provide opportunities to improve water quality, to varying degrees, primarily because their location in an urban environment allows the opportunity for water quality improvement. Three of the ten wetlands in the study area have a low potential (less than 34 percent of the maximum possible score) to improve water quality. This low score was observed in three of the five constructed stormwater features, which have characteristics of intermittent flowing or highly constricted surface outlets, and contain permanently ponded water, precluding cyclic changes between oxic and anoxic conditions. The remaining seven wetlands have moderate potential (34 to 67 percent of the maximum possible score) to improve water quality. None of the wetlands has a high potential to improve water quality (greater than 68 percent of the maximum possible score). Additionally, the moderate score is also due to the nature of lake-fringe wetlands rN etlands A, D, F), which have a maximum score of only 12 for water quality function instead of the maximum of 16 that other wetland types have. This is because lake-fringe wetlands typically do not improve water quality to the same extent that riverine or depressional wetlands do, because of lower denitrification rates, and because of the fact that any pollutants taken up in plant material will be more easily released into the water column when the plants die off (Ecology 2006). Wetlands with moderate or high scores typically have characteristics such as organic soils, a high proportion of wetland area with seasonal ponding, or dense vegetation to restrict flow through the wetland. 3.4.2 Hydrologic Functions All of the wetlands in the study area provide opportunities to reduce flooding and erosion to varying degrees. Four of the ten wetlands in the study area have a low potential (less than 34 Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 35 fLWI-l1i:tl862-21! JJ(}J3~?J __ W}fH)04 Nel'emee 2Of)9/!lly 2011 1J6O(]59-OJ DOCPROPERTYDoc}(f2ocIIJJ)Mfi~Jnt"rlYc>v~J!I}';fanage .. Fc>nnat~.«L!Jj>>.s,/V1.l1J4~>r<-[Y/£B~ <.<.G.L1::>':>'c,<}';fTR:>.:>.PRESERVELOGiITlON I'MERGEFORMAT Wetland Delineation percent of the maximum possible score) to reduce flooding and erosion. The low scores for potential hydrologic functions are due to a lack of natural surface water outlets, poneling features, and the types of vegetation necessary to reduce surface flows. Four of the wetlands have moderate potential (34 percent to 67 percent of the maximum possible score) to improve hydrologic functions. The remaining two wetlands, Wetlands C and E, have high potential to improve hydrologic functions (greater than 68 percent of the maximum possible score). Wetlands with moderate or high scores typically have characteristics such as a highly constricted outlets or significant water storage depths during wet periods. 3.4.3 Habitat Functions Habitat function of the study area wetlands is further defined by their Cowardin classifications (forested, scrub-shrub, emergent, and aquatic bed). Two wetlands are classified as scrub-shrub and open water system; one wetland includes scrub-shrub and forested systems; two wetlands include scrub-shrub and emergent systems; three wetlands include forested, scrub-shrub, and emergent systems (see Table 2); and three wetlands include forested, scrub-shrub, emergent, and open water systems (see Table 3). Wetlands with mixed classifications are generally of higher value than wetlands with a single classification. Three of the ten wetlands have a low opportunity (less than 34 percent of the maximum possible score) to provide habitat for many species. The low score for habitat opportunity is due to the characteristics of the wetland buffers and the overall lack of quality habitat conditions near or adjacent to the wetlands. The remaining seven wetlands have a moderate score (34 to 67 percent of the maximum possible score), and none of the wetlands has a high score (greater than 68 percent of the maximum possible score). Wetlands with moderate or high scores typically have characteristics such as a several Cowardin vegetation classes, several hydroperiods, high habitat interspersion, or the presence of special habitat features. Six of the ten wetlands have a low potential (less than 34 percent of the maximum possible score) to provide habitat for many species. The low score for habitat functions is due to the general lack of vegetative structure, hydroperiods, plant richness, habitat diversity, and special habitat features, especially characteristic of Wetland C, which received a score of O. The. remaining four wetlands have a moderate potential score (34 to 67 percent of the maximum possible score). Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 36 Nel'em8er 2f}{)9!lI.lylOn 060059-01 ~WT 1841842)"I.OOJlMH!f}f)f)IH I2oc;PliQPEB.TY1)ocXJ)OclD.l)M&JnteIJV.ove!J.JMallageF'pIJPilL~54J]3.» .«NUM»v«VER?? <:<CI,'1}"-<5MT.lJ.?"PlJ.E$ElJ.VEI,QQ!,IXQNrNElJ.9.EfPfJNA.! Wetland Delineation 3.5 Exempt Wetlands Wetland G is exempt from any activity affecting these wetlands, as described in RMC 4-3-050 C5(f), It is a hydrologically isolated Category 3 wetland smaller than 2,200 sf. Standing water does not appear to be present in sufficient amounts to support breeding amphibians (i.e., less than approximately 12 inches in water depth from approximately December through May). No species are listed by federal or state government agencies as endangered or threatened, and the presence of essential habitat for those species is not present. Any impacts to Wetland G for cleanup activities will be mitigated for hydrologic and water quality functions. As shown in Table 5, hydrologic and water quality function is provided at a moderate level for Wetland G. Although Wetlands C, F, and H are smaller than 2,200 sf, they do not meet the exemption criteria in RMC. Wetlands F and H are not hydrologically isolated due to their proximity to Lake Washington. Wetland C has sufficient water depths in the winter to potentially provide amphibian breeding habitat, but the presence of contamination in Wetland C limits the habitat quality. However, Wetland C was constructed for stormwater treatment in 2006, as described in Section 3.6.1, and is not expected to be regulated by the City of Renton. 3.6 Constructed Stormwater Features Five wetlands in the study area were apparently constructed as part of historic site activities in an attempt to control stormwater on the site during large storm events, and to avoid disruption to the log storage operation that has since been abandoned. Based on recent aerial photographs (Appendix H), site history, and other references, Wetlands B, C, G, and H were constructed to manage stormwater or control spills associated with site activities. Historic construction of each of these features influences the regulatory status as determined by the City and EPA. Wetland E is thought to have developed from changes to recent stormwater drainage on the site based on the fact that it did not qualify as a wetland during the 1997 David Evans and Associates wetland delineation conducted on the site (Appendix G). 3.6.1 Excavated Features from the 1970s Wetland B was excavated in the early 1970s as a retention pond to control tar from flowing into the lake (King County Metro 1972). It is thought that Wetland G was also excavated at Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 37 It-1¥I 18~U86.f2J)JJJ}}2_@1_J}J}()(}f);j Nel'{:m8er 2(}(}9july2(jll 060059-01 PQr;;'f'BOPlfRTY pq_~XDQ(;.1P DM$-4nteIV.',!venlManageEomULt~«LlH>" .<·dYIlM""y« VER"" «CLT"":«!l![TR""J'RESlfHVELQQ!TIONJ'MERGE£QliN4T Wetland Delineation the same time as part of construction of berms to direct tar on the site into Wetland B (Aspect 2009). Wetland B continues to provide stormwater retention for the Site. 3.6.2 Best Management Practices Implementation -2006 Work was conducted in January 2006 to implement best management practices to control silt and wood debris from flowing into Lake Washington. Work was conducted in the ditch along the southern property boundary (Wetland H) and in the area of Wetlands Band C. The work was conducted as recommended by Ecology to control potential sources of contamination from entering Lake Washington (Phoinix 2006). The entirety of Wetland C was constructed in January 2006 to prevent stormwater from flowing into Lake Washington (Phoinix 2006). An earthen berm was also constructed along the southern portion of Wetland C. Check dams were installed to control turbid water and floating debris. Wetland C was constructed in an upland area that did not contain wetland indicators, based on the fact that Wetland C was not identified during a wetland delineation conducted by David Evans and Associates in 1997 (Appendix G). Work was also completed on Wetland B to improve stormwater flow conditions in 2006. Along the north side of Wetland B, an outfall was excavated to create a stable outlet for stormwater into Lake Washington (Phoinix 2006). Wetland H was excavated in January 2006 as part of best management practices to clean out the ditch along the southern portion ofthe site. Four rock check dams were placed in the cleared ditch at approximately 25-foot intervals to allow for sediment and wood debris control. Although Wetland H contains wetland indicators, it is located in an area that was excavated to function as stormwater conveyance off the site and into Lake Washington. Wetland H also was not identified during the 1997 wetland delineation (Appendix G). 3.6.3 Anticipated Regulatory Status Wetlands B, C, G, and H may not be subject to City of Renton Critical Area regulations based on the history of their construction. According to RMC 4-11-230, "wetlands do not include those artificial wetlands intentionally created for purposes other than wetland mitigation, Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 38 ,Ve. emba 2{}{19!u1x.2QU 060059-01 fJWT)81Mf#2 IJI!JJ~5,J!2I!I!M DQC;flJ.OPl£RTY-P9(;J(Dp"lPPM$'C/PteI]YoY,ml!1{.pagefO[[1Jat'C«Lll!?> .. ~<:NUM><y«J!ER>2 «C;L.T»,«MTR.»fRE$F;RV.ff.40id4.TIQNt:.M.ff.RClKfPRM4T Wetland Delineation including, but not limited to ... drainage ditches, grass-lined swales, canals, detention facilities, wastewater treatment facilities." Wetlands B, C, G, and H all were excavated from upland areas to manage spills or stormwater runoff. Excavation of Wetlands Band G occurred in the 197,Os. Excavation and construction of Wetlands C and H occurred in 2006. At that time, nearly the entire Site was being used for log storage and associated activities, as documented in the 1990 aerial photo (Appendix H). In addition, Wetland G is exempt from City of Renton Critical Area regulations, provided that mitigation for hydrologic and water quality functions is provided for any impacts to the wetland. EPA may not choose to regulate Wetlands B, C, E, G, H, I, and Jas waters of the U.S. based on their proximity to known waters of the U.S. (e.g., Lake Washington or Gypsy Creek). They may be determined to be isolated from waters of the U.S. and therefore not regulated, pending EPA's evaluation. Although wetland jurisdictional determinations are generally conducted by the Corps, impacts to these wetlands will occur as a result of a cleanup action under Superfund and are therefore regulated by EPA. Other wetlands along the shoreline, including Wetlands A, F, and D, are expected to be regulated as waters of the U.S. because they abut Lake Washington. 3.7 Wetland Delineation and Typing Limitations Wetland identification is an inexact science and differences of professional opinion often occur between trained individuals. Final determinations for wetland boundaries and typing concurrence or adjustment needs are the responsibility of the regulating resource agency. Wetlands are, by definition, transitional areas; their boundaries can be altered by changes in hydrology or land use. In addition, the definition of jurisdictional wetlands may change. If a physical change occurs in the basin or 5 years pass before the proposed project is undertaken, another wetland survey should be conducted. The results and conclusions expressed herein represent Anchor QEA's professional judgment based on the information available. No other warranty, expressed or implied, is made. Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 39 N'>l'emee..-2{)@/uJ.x2.QU 060059-01 mFl-18 tl~221l ~H32ff9J. Q(}OQ_~_~ DQ!;F'I1QPI£RTYDocJ{D(JcJDPMS4nrerworenlMiiJlageFOIJPfl{~<l-I!J??S"JI{I..!Af»v«VFR» «(;LT».c<.<NTR» PRESERVELOC4TlQNj~Nl£l1GI£.f.Qf?N!! T Lake Washington OHWM Delineation and Lake Study 4 LAKE WASHINGTON OHWM DELINEATION AND LAKE STUDY Anchor QEA ecologists identified and delineated the OHWM of approximately 1,400 feet of Lake Washington within the study area between the neighboring parcels to the north and south. Habitat features of these two channels are described in the following sections. The result of the OHWM delineation is shown on Figure 7 and in Appendix B. 401 Lake Washington OHWM Delineation Methods To document the Lake Washington OHWM within the study area, Anchor QEA ecologists reviewed existing information (described in Section 1.1), performed an aerial photograph analysis, and conducted site visits on April 23 and 30, and May 6,2009. The OHWM delineation was completed by walking the lake shoreline beginning at the south end of the study area and moving north. Photographs were also taken to document OHWM conditions (Photographs 11, 12, and 13 in Appendix F). During the site visits, the OHWM of the entire length within the study area was identified and flagged. The OHWM boundary was marked with pin flags and later surveyed by a professional surveyor. Anchor QEA ecologists identified the stream OHWM boundary consistent with Chapter 90.58 of the Revised Code of Washington (RCW) and Chapter 173-22 of the WAC. The WAC defines the OHWM as: "'Ordinary high water line' means the mark on the shores of all waters that will be found by examining the bed and banks and ascertaining where the presence and action of waters are so common and usual and so long continued in ordinary years, as to mark upon the soil or vegetation a character distinct from that of the abutting upland: Provided, that in any area where the ordinary high water line cannot be found the ordinary high water line adjoining saltwater shall be the line of mean higher high water and the ordinary high water line adjoining freshwater shall be the elevation of the mean annual flood." Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 40 l'l",,,,mhe: 2{)(}9J'!./Y1P!.l 060059-01 fJWTM m~JhliJ!!J}~9c5 9f)!i~OI QOCPJiOPl£liTrlJpcXI2gcIlJJ)M$cJlJtem'ovelJIM~l1ageEg£lJl¥t"55UlJ>.>.5dYJJM2>V55VE&> 55CL.T?2-<.5MTR:>i:..?R!i.$ER.V!i.L.Oc:.(!.TIQl'i..l.o . .M!i.RG!i.fORMAT Lake Washington OHWM Delineation and Lake Study 4.2 Lake Washington OHWM Delineation Results Anchor QEA ecologists identified and delineated the OHWM of approximately 1,400 feet of Lake Washington within the study area between the neighboring parcels to the north and south. This included the placement of 43 pin flags installed at all meandering locations of the shoreline. Additionally. the OHWM was coincident with Wetlands A, D, and F and formed the western boundary of each of those wetlands. The OHWM is shown on Figure 7. Detailed flag locations are shown on drawings in Appendix B. Overall, the southern half of the study area contained an OHWM that was clearly defined by an armored shoreline consisting oflarge boulders. The northern half was not as clearly defined, with a gradual transition from the upland to the water as well as former pier structures and large floating logs along the lake's edge. This half of the property was delineated using the investigators' best professional judgment and based on parameters set forth in Chapter 90.58 of the RCW and Chapter 173-22 ofthe WAC (Photographs 12 through 14 in Appendix F). Water depth during the investigation adjacent to the OHWM ranged from about 4 inches to more than 3 feet deep. 4.3 Lake Study According to RMC 4-3-090, and consistent with Washington State Administrative Code (WAC 173-26-251 and RCW 90.58.030(2)(e))j, Lake Washington is classified as a Shoreline of Statewide Significance, meaning "lakes, whether natural, artificial, or a combination thereof, with a surface acreage of one thousand acres or more measured at the ordinary high water mark," and thus subject to the local jurisdiction's SMA. The SMA governs the use and development of shorelines in Washington State for responsible shoreline development with environmental protection and public access. Subsequent activities along the shoreline will include remediation of hazardous substances in lake sediments and/or in the upland portions of the Site, as directed by EPA. The sediment and upland cleanup is being performed under Superfund. All substantive provisions of City regulatory requirements will be met by the cleanup remedy selected by EPA. Additional information on the existing lake conditions will be included in the RI. Details on each of the remedial alternatives considered will be included in the FS. Previous information on the Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Tenninals 41 N,,, -ember 2(){)91Wx.7QU 060059-01 EWT L8:JM6]2', I-{}(E)!i2-5:-Jlf)1}fl()4 DOC£RO£El?TYj)ocX1)Qc1PJ}M&lnt~{!!;'OYi"JlIMan-"geF()pnat~«LIJ3;o.> «Nl.lM»v<<:VER:e> 55.CL1}>cS5MT.R.;>;o..Fl?fSEl?YELQQ.TIQNI'.MERGEFORMAT Lake Washington OHWM Delineation and Lake Study ----~--~-----.~- aquatic habitat conditions is included in Appendix G. A summary of known fish species present is described below. 4,3,1 Fish Species Presence During the surveys, no fish were observed along the lakeshore of the study area; however, the Salmon and Steelhead Habitat Limiting Factors Report for WRIA 8 identifies five salmonid species that use Lake Washington, and could reasonably be expected to occur along the property: sockeye, coho, Chinook, coastal cutthroat, and rainbow/steelhead trout (Kerwin 2001). Anadromous forms of each of these species are present, so individuals are present in the lake both as adults during migrations to spawning grounds and as juveniles. Sockeye are known to spawn along some beaches ofthe lake while there are unconfirmed reports of Chinook spawning in littoral areas of the lake. Non~anadromous forms of winter steelhead (rainbow trout), sockeye (kokanee), and cutthroat also occur in the lake. Resident rainbow trout spend their entire life in Lake Washington. Non~anadromous coastal cutthroat trout also occur in Lake Washington and are much more abundant than the anadromous form (Nowak 2000). Other non~anadromous species expected to occur near the study area include: longfin smelt (Spinnchus thaleichthys), sticklebacks (Gasterosteus spp.), and dace (Leuciscus spp.). Non~native freshwater species known to occur in Lake Washington, and likely found near the study area include: black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus), bluegill (Lepomis macrocheilus), common carp (Cypnnus carpio), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieUI), tench (Tinea tinea), and yellow perch (Perea flaveseens). Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 42 Nlwemhe: 2f){)9!u.ly2QU 06()()59-0l H!IT 181_:8(i]2.~1 {)Ql2u(il)J (}{)()JlJH DQCPROPERTYDocXDoclDDMS,lI;l.tl!m'py€p,!M,~nageFofT11ar:5<LIJ3»«NJ!N>.>.y«YlIR» «CLT>.>c«MTR?> .. PSlls$Sv:noC4,[IoiY.I'MJiRC;EFPRMAT Shoreline Restoration Plan 5 SHORELINE RESTORATION PLAN This rel)Prt RJovides a concept:llaLshorelinexeslQJ::atiQn_plaJLfor purnoses of the redevelopmentprocess. A shoreline restoration plan will be developed aspan of the EP A/NRD p~ss and may be different than the conceptual restoration plan developed in this ~()rL J:'his repQrLassumeUegulflWryintgrpretationsthatwill result in a post-remediation condition that would allow the greatest area for redevelopment based on the 1983 City of Renton's Shoreline ManagementPlanalldAppendix fof the DEIS. 5.1 Introduction and Purpose This section presents a conceptual shoreline restoration plan to create significant net ecological functional improvement to the Lake Washington shoreline, riparian buffer, and wetlands and associated buffers. SHBjeet to EPA aj9j9roval HReler their CERCLA aHtflorities, the j9laR wOHleiThis conceptual-plan is intended to offset impacts resulting from prospective Site remediation efforts (e.g., soil removal and replacement with clean fill and/or capping) related to hazardous substances as may be present in lake sediments and in the upland portions of the Site. The goal ofthis plan is to identify post-remediation conditions that would allow thegreatestarea for redevelopmentbased onthe 19113City ofR,enton's Shoreline Management Plan and Appendix E of the DEIS. All wetland impacts at the Site are anticipated to occur as a result of CERCLA remediation. Because the sediment and upland cleanup is being performed under CERCLA, all substantive provisions of City regulatory requirements will be met by the cleanup remedy selected by EPA. Altflololgh sjgeeifieSpecific details on remedial alternatives have Rot yet BeeR elevelojgeel, they willfll1ctresllltiDg mitigation/restoration be included in the FS followiHg aelelitioRal testiHg aREI eliseHssioRS with EP&ReJ;on:t()f Decision anticipated to b e}'e!!"aseg_12yJ;:p/\ j!L2QlA, Once Site remediation is completed under CERCLA, the remaining wetlands will not be impacted by the planned redevelopment. This conceptual shoreline restoration plan provides the City with information on the wetlands to be impacted as part of the cleanup and/or the potentiaLnatural resource damages settlement, and provides some general information on the types of mitigation that will occur, all subject to EPA "J'lj9FOvaldeveIQPment of the final remedial alternative and mitigation/restoration plan developed as part ofthe ROD and any Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Qpendall Terminals 43 Na.'tHB8e,·2{){)9!uly2011 06{)()59-0l 1;).'4'1:'. '-81l~.fPrl! g(}J1695 {)(J{)()O.~ DOCPROPERTYPo~XPQcJ12pM$dnteDVOV"-I}JMaI}agefQrma{C'«LlB2 <slVl.!M»v~<YER» s,CL'f'C>c<<(Mr&?PRESERYELQg.T1QN.l·MERClJJFQ1?}'t1AT Shoreline Restoration Plan NRPsettlement. There are no anticipated wetland impacts from the planned redevelopment and therefore no mitigation is required as part of Site redevelopment. ltF~LPJHposeof this report. it is geHeraUy assumed that any cleanup decision by EPA will result in impacts to Wetlands B, C, E, F, and G, and portions of Wetlands A and D. In general, projects with wetland impacts can only occur after it can be demonstrated that impacts to wetlands cannot be avoided, that impacts have been minimized to the greatest extent possible, and finally after adequate mitigation is provided. However, the cleanup will likely be ordered by EPA to address hazardous substance contamination on the Site that will result in unavoidable wetland impacts. BasedEoll!l!P9g;softhis report and based on existing information on Site contamination, Wetlands H, I, and J. and portions of Wetlands A and D are not anticipated to be impacted by remediation actions. This conceptual shoreline restoration plan is intended to update the Mitigation Analysis Memorandum completed for the Quendall and Baxter properties in 2000 (AESI 2000). That memorandum was prepared to address cleanup-related impacts to wetlands and the lake shoreline when investigation and cleanup of the site were being conducted under Washington's Model Toxics Control Act (MTCA). That document was prepared for the City of Renton and Vulcan Northwest, and was developed with input from WDFW, Ecology, WDNR, the Corps, and the Muckleshoot Indian Tribe, among others. Mitigation as a result of cleanup and development activities was completed on the Baxter site (located immediately north of the Quendall site) in 2007 according to the requirements in the Mitigation Analysis Memorandum. 5,2 Goals and Objectives The conceptual shoreline restoration plan would provide significant ecological functional gains for the Lake Washington shoreline including wetlands, buffers, and lake riparian areas. The conceptual plan would provide compensation necessary to mitigate impacts resulting from the prospective cleanup action (to be selected by EPA). Following cleanup, it is anticipated that the property would be redeveloped. A conceptual development plan is presented in Figure 8 to show how wetland creation/restoration ratios and buffer widths could potentially be applied to the site, subject to EPA's cleaHHf' aecisioHS. EPA has also iHeiHaea Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 44 N81 emhff 2{){)9lylyll.J.ll 06(}(}59-0l mIT j$4ll!(i~J'tfll!H69HJIJ!I!!fi1 l)QCl'RQl'lfR'[rJ)QcXJ)Q':lIlj.)i}fSdnSeI}foyeljIManageFoI111~t~~<ldB;».«l'/I.JM>~v<eVER>? «C!.'[??:.«MTB??.l'RlfSlfRVELOr;.4TIQNJ'MlfRGEFORMAT Shoreline Restoration Plan tfie reseurce agencies in its precess and tfiese agencies may be iH'fel'led in furore mitigation dismssiens, including cfianges to JQIc.sulLinthcgreatestareafor redevelQRment. _ EPA and Lhe NRD trustees will develQP the final plan in cQnsultatiQn with .other resQurce agencies and the ultimate Site shoreline areas toplan max further improve eCQIQgical functiQns (see Figure 8). Subject to EPA appro'lalFQr 12urPQses .of this repQrt, impacts to wetlands willlikelyare assumed tQ be mitigated at a 1.5: 1 replacement ratiQ tQ .offset functiQnallQsses resulting from Site remediatiQn. This ratiQ will result in the greatest area for redevelQpment andis cQnsistent with the MitigatiQn Analysis Memorandum (AESI 2000). Because Wetland G ismay be exempt from critical area regulatiQns, tbi~Ie.P9rtj!~~J!W_e§it will likely be mitigated at a 1: 1 ratiQ. If additienal impacted wetlands are net regulated by the City and EPA (as discussed in Section d.e), the total wetland restoration area may be smaller than what is presented in Figure 8. The cQnceptual shQreline restoratiQn plan CQuid alsQ improve habitat for aquatic species within Lake Washington such as migrating juvenile salmQn. Subject to EPA appre'lalFQr exru:Ilple, shoreline habitat and cQmplexity CQuid be restored with appropriate habitat mix gravel, large WQQdy debris, and .overhanging vegetatiQn. The large WQQdy debris CQuid be collected and stQckpiled during remediation activities and reused along the shoreline to the extent practicable. The conceptual shoreline restoration plan depicted in Figure 8 includes a 100-foot average width riparian buffer from the lake OHWM. This buffer will result in the greatru.m:.~ redeye]oPIDe.ItUmd is consistent with the Mitigation Analysis Memorandum (AESI 2000). The proposed riparian area could also provide a buffer for existing wetlands, and prospective wetland expansions in addition to providing a shoreline buffer. The new development adjacent to the shoreline following cleanup could provide a IOO-foot average setback. The setback may fluctuate in width, depending on the proposed development plan. This setback is significantly greater than the 50-foot minimum setback required by the City of Renton Shoreline Master Program (RMC 4-3-090). Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 45 DWLL&4l£62MflfM26S.'i.l)(}f}{}(l.1 ]1'81-emhe:2{){)9!uly2Q11. 060059-01 DOCPROPERTYDocXDQcIDDMS4nterwor:enlMan<lge Eorm.at:«UB»«NL1M>2y«VER» ~<C:LT>_>_,«MTE.»_PRESERVELQC4TIQN._I:MERG]£.fQRM4T Shoreline Restoration Plan S.3 Elements of the Plan 5.3.1 Riparian Buffer Habitat Sul3jeet to EPA appro'fal,F'orp:urposes of thisrep0rt,it isassumed the lOO-foot average width riparian buffer would revegetate the area adjacent to Lake Washington (see Figure 8). The revegetation wouldcould focus on species diversity, species density allowing for varied light penetration, and the creation of different successional stages along the lake. A preliminary plant list for riparian buffer enhancement is presented in Table 7. Willow and water-tolerant shrub vegetation along the shoreline wouldcould provide shade for aquatic species. Deciduous-dominated forests v/oltldcruili\ include open areas where sunlight can penetrate to the forest floor. Coniferous-dominated forests w'OUldcould provide important habitat for upland species. Long-term function of riparian areas wouldcould provide detritus inputs, insect drop, and woody debris inputs for aquatic species to support prey resources and provide cover for juvenile salmon. In addition, woody debris and substrate enhancement of the shoreline wouldcould support these aquatic ecological functions in the short term. Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 46 l'l8vemhe.-2{){)9JuiylQU 060059-01 f)~wrM1LM?l> LQI)J}~2> 090001 DCKPRQPERTYDor;XD()cfJ)J)M$=ln[er<yoven£AfgI1aRt;~Fognat=<;<L[j3»<.<NUM>2v«VJJR>~ «CLT»c«MTR» PRESERYELOCATlONJ'.MEB.GEFQRMAT Shoreline Restoration Plan Table 7 Riparian Buffer Plant List Common Name Scientific Name Groundcovers Lady Fern Athyrium fi/ix-femina Salal Gaultheria shal/on Sword Fern Polystichum munitum Willows/Shrubs Vine Maple Acer b·lFG.ifUltl:JFRcircinatum Red-osier Dogwood Comus sericea Black Twinberry Lonicera involucrata Oregon Grape Mahonia nervosa Nootka Rose Rosa nutkana Hooker's Willow Salix hookeriana Scouler's Willow Salix scouleriana Sitka Willow Salix sitchensis Douglas Spirea Spiraea douglasii Snawberry Sympharicarpos olbus Trees Big Leaf Maple Acer macrophyl/um Pacific Dogwood Comus nuttalii Red Alder Alnus rubra Hazelnut Corylus cornuta Oregon Ash Fraxinus latifolia Sitka Spruce Piceo sitchensis Douglas Fir Psuedotsugo menziesii Black Cottonwood Populus tremuloides Western Crabapple Pyrusfusco Western Hemlock Tsuga heterophyl/a 5.3.2 Wetland Restoration Subject to EPA approvalFQLll11rp9g~~~qfJ;hi~~nmgrt, it is aHticipated thatassumed wetland creation/restoration along the Lake Washington shoreline would expand existing Wetlands A, D, and J (see Figure 8)_ Impacts to existing lakeshore wetlands from cleanup activities (Wetlands A, D, and F) could be mitigated along the lakeshore, adjacent to Wetlands A and D_ Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 47 ]lkwemhe:2{}(}9/u/y2.QU 060059-01 f) wE'1sm11>i (}2}l6210Q!)f}01 DQ(:PR9PE8Tr[JocXDgr;II2PMS~Int~JYVov",nIMan!,ge.for!l!.at"C'i.5Ulh.>. ... <;<lY1!M~.>.v~VEilc.~ <;<CL.T:>.>.c«MTR?>PRESERVELOCATIQNL·ME.RGE.fQ8M.j,T Shoreline Restoration Plan Impacts to existing wetlands that are not connected to the lakeshore (Wetlands B, C, E, and G) could be mitigated adjacent to Wetland J. In all areas, the creation/restoration wouldcould diversify the existing range of wetland habitat and willcould include emergent, scrub-shrub, and forested habitat areas. This includes restoration adjacent to Wetlands A and D for impacts to LFO, LSS, and LEM components of lakeshore Wetlands A, D, and F. In addition, the prospective wetland creation/restoration area adjacent to Wetland A could include a low swale (see Figure 8). This swale vlouldcould connect to Lake Washington and diversify the marsh habitat by adding open water and emergent habitat. The creation of this swale could also offset impacts to POW habitats in Wetlands Band C. The swale could be designed to encourage seasonal use by juvenile salmonids with the placement of large woody debris (L WD). L WD provides habitat complexity and areas for cover for juvenile salmonids. Water quality and hydrologic functional improvements vrouldcould also result from improved stormwater retention and capability to trap sediments through wetland, riparian, and associated buffer replanting. A preliminary plant list for wetland creation/restoration is presented in Table 8. Restoration adjacent to Wetland J wouldcould offset impacts to PSS, PEM, and PFO components of Wetlands B, C, E, and G. POW habitat 'Nouldqmld be replaced as part of restoration adjacent to Wetland A. The restorationlcreation would~.!.!ld replace current wetland areas with a wider range of wetland function and value. New wetland areas adjacent to Wetland J wouldcould provide an improvement to habitat quality and overall function from that provided by existing wetlands, which are compromised by the presence of soil and water contamination. Habitat function wouldcould also benefit from improved structure and diversity. Wetlands B, C, E, and G currently provide a moderate level of water quality and hydrologic function through stormwater retention. These wetlands currently have a higher opportunity to provide these functions due to the presence of contaminated stormwater on the site. Water quality and hydrologic functions provided by existing Wetlands B, C, E, and G wouldcould be replaced with improved on-site stormwater control and treatment as well as an increased ability to trap sediments as part of riparian and shoreline wetland buffer improvements. Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 48 NfH'e-mhe.-2{)(}9!u1y20U 060059-01 £Jug:JMI862h Ic!!I}3Z695 __ I)Qr:;EB9J>'{!iiTYDocXJ)QcJ12DMS~Inte=oveJ)lMaJ)age.£Qrmat~«LlfJ»_~,,1VlJM»V<,,-VE&> «CLT»-«}.fTR?;?;PR'{!S'{!Rv.F;I-Or:::dTlOtfL:ME/J.(i'{!£ORMAT TableS Wetland Plant List Common Name Scientific Name Emergents Slough Sedge Carex obnupta Hardstem Bulrush Scirpus acutus Small-fruited Bulrush Scirpus microcarpus Willows/Shrubs Red-osier Dogwood Cornus sericea Black Hawthorne Crataegus douglasii Black Twinberry Lonicera involucrate Pacific Ninebark Physocarpus capitatus Hooker's Willow Salix hookeriana Pacific Willow Salix lasiandra Scouler's Willow Salix scouleriana Douglas Spirea Spiraea douglasii Trees Red Alder Alnus rubra Sitka Spruce Picea sitchensis Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 49 Shoreline Restoration Plan ~July7Ql1 060059-01 1i!}1'L18H§ftJl1L~F}1JA9lJJ£1f!fl~ 1 DQQ)RQf'ER.T.YPQ~XI2"c!l212M:i=lJ]tf']JroK~1I1l4i!!1"g<:fgIJ1lar~5<j,JB'2~~Nl/1J{;;?Ko<SYIJ&? 5<(;II?.?-.«MTR?? PRE.S§RVIJLOCATfQNI'MiIRriP!QRMAT References 6 REFERENCES AESI. 2000. Mitigation Analysis Memorandum, Quendall and Baxter Properties, Renton, Washington. Prepared for Vulcan Northwest and City of Renton. February 17. Access Washington. 2009. Washington State Growth Management Act. Accessed online at http://www.gmhb. wa.govigmaiindex.htmlhttp"LL>vww,gmhb,wa.gov/gmalindex.html on February 23,2009. Aspect Consulting, LLC (Aspect). 2009. Personal communication with Jeremy Porter regarding current understanding of historic property use and excavation of Wetland G. August 27. City of Renton. 1992. Renton's Critical Areas Inventory. Prepared by Jones and Stokes. Ciry of Renton. 2009. Renton Municipal Code. Accessed online at http:,4!vnrw.€odepliblishing.€om/wa/rentDno'P-ttp:Uwww.codepublishing.comLwa/rent QnL on June 11, 2009. Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.e. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington D.e. Ecology. See Washington State Department of Ecology. Environmental Laboratory. 1987. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual. Technical Report Y-87-1. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS. Kerwin. 2001. Salmon and Steelhead Habitat Limiting Factors Report for the CEDAR- SAMMAMISH BASIN (Water Resource Inventory Area 8). Washington Conservation Commission. Olympia, W A. Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Tenninals 50 {)iITL£IM6ZhIWJ~ Nel'embe.-2{)(}9/uiy 2011 060059-01 DOCPROPERTYDoJ:XDocII)DMS=}nte!Yvp.,.~tJlMal1i}gt;?lqrJ1JI!r~S51cllJys.:'CJI!J!M?>V5.:<VfRo;> s<.Clc.T>;?,.<'5MTR>;>E.R.ESfRJ!flc094.'flON.l·MfR.G.fFOR.MAT References King County Metro. Memorandum from Larry Peterson to Glen D. Harris regarding Quendall Terminals Co. Industrial Waste. March 29, 1972. Munsell. 1994. Munsell Soil Color Chans. Kollmorgen Corporation, Baltimore, Maryland. Nowak, G.M. 2000. Movement patterns and feeding ecology of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) in Lake Washington. M.S. Thesis, University of Washington, Seattle. Phoinix. 2006. Memorandum to Mr. John J. Tortorelli, Western Wood Lumber Company, regarding Best Management Practices (BMP) Implementation Project. January 19. Reed, P.B., Jr. 1988. National List of Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Biological Report 88 (26.9). Reed, P., Jr. 1993. Supplement to List of Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands: Northwest (Region 9). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Supplement to Biological Report 88 (26.9). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps). 2008. Interim Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast Region, ed J.S. Wakeley, R.W. Lichvar, and C.V. Noble. ERDC/EL TR-08-13. Vicksburg, MS: U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center. u.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). 1973. Soil Survey of King County, Washington. USDA Soil Conservation Service (SCS). USDA. 2001. Hydric Soil List for King County, Washington. USDA Soil Conservation Service. Accessed online at http:,~lvA'Iw.wa.Br€s.llsEia.ge'nite€hBi€abiseils/€ellBty hyEirie lists.htmlhllp:llwww.wa. nrcs.usda.gov/technicallsoils/county hydric lists.html on May 8, 2009. USDA. 2009. Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) Web Soil Survey. Accessed online at Wetland and Ordinal)' High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 51 flEE 18!!§HbJq~1l~2JjJJ~f!f!1 Nevembe.-2t){}9!u1y2011 06()()59-01 DQr;P8QPEBTrpo,l{.l)QflPPM$=oI"reDYoveJJ!~"ag~E(JI71lat=-«LIB> > .<_</VYN »~«Vf:8» «CLT»,.«/!4TR»P.8ESl£RVEL.CX::.!JTlQN I'NERGEEORMAT References http:Nsoils.usda.gov/use/hydricmsts!state.htmlhttp:/L~Qils.tlsda.gov/llselhydrk/listsista te.html on June 11, 2009. United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2009. USFWS Wetlands Mapper for National Wetlands Inventory Map Information. Accessed online at http://wetlaHdsfws.er.usgs.goyhttp:Uwetiandsfws.er.usgs.gov on May 8, 2009 Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW). 2009. Priority Habitats and Species (PHS) Maps in the Vicinity of T24, ROSE, Section 29. Report Date August 28 2009. Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology). 1997. Washington State Wetlands Identification and Delineation Manual. Publication No. 96-94. Olympia, Washington. Ecology. 2004. Washington State Wetlands Rating System -Western Washington: Revised. Publication No. 04-06-15. Olympia, Washington. Ecology. 2006. Washington State Wetland Rating Form -Western Washington, version 2. Olympia, Washington. Ecology. 2009a. Environmental Information; Watersheds; WRIA 9 DuwamishiGreen Basin. Accessed online at http·llnm~ .. eey ma go"/serviees/gisimaps 'mria/HUmher/n'ria9 htmhtt·n·jllwww ecv wa .Jlnn'iif. . ~. 1r. r r K'F fn. ~ :r~~,,--"-'.---------'-----l!':J-'~____'__'_="_ .gov(~ervices(gis(maps(wria(numberlwria9.htm on February 23, 2009 Ecology. 2009b. Washington State Shoreline Management Act. Accessed online at http:Nwww.eey.wa.goviprogramsiseaisma,Qa>.¥s FlliesiiHdClLhtmlhttp:Uwww.ecy.wa.g 9cyiNQgrams/seaismallaws rules/indc2d1tlJ11 on September 5,2009. Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 52 Na.'t!meer 2{)(}9july2.01l 060059-01 fJWT-l£118ii22, / ~9J.M9J90.~Q01 f.29r:;l;'lJ.QP]ilJorf.12g('Xl.2QcllJj2MSdIJ!eIJYg"eJJIA;f~lJi'SK!"g{IJ1#b7c~d.113~>.:,dYYMi:?Y5cSXliB>2 «r:;LT>.>c«A;fTR»FREHRV'F;LQQJ.TlQIYI'MERGEFORMAT FIGURES [)J4l,[}Ml¥>n,L!!!H~6\\l. 90ooQ4DOC£RO£ERTYDocXDoclDDMS=o[nteIWovenlMilllageFQnnatO'""UB22 "sNJ.!M~?v5s'i.ER~.> .. 55(L7}2'.55MIR?:> .. '£'Rli.SII.liYELQ.C4Tl.Ql'f . .I.:MEliG.EF.QiiMJ'l' APPENDIX A PLAN VIEW AND CROSS SECTIONS OF WETLANDS A THROUGH H lJwr,)~"I86Jl",l..q0J2~9J"QQQQQ11JQC:PROPERITPpcXPpdD DMS=JnterwQyenIMaJ1ageFonnat~.«LIB» «M.!M»,Y<~YER»«CLT">c<c<M1'l?,,?,!,/]jl$ERYE4,0G1'[!OIY.I:MERaEl'Q!YJr1A,,[ APPENDIX B ORDINARY HIGH WATER MARK FLAG LOCATIONS PO'] '84'8r;J],· 'eQJ]'''500QQQJDQC;PBQPEBITDocXD()(:JDPM!i~Lnr''IlY9v''111ManMeL(JTJl1"r~«PJ3x> <,NI!M»y«VER».«c:LT:»c«MIR»PRESERVELOC4TJQNI'MERGEFORMAT APPENDIX C SAMPLE PLOT SUMMARY DATA f)WT.l8Il862] ... I.QQ}2'S", w()I}()4DQCP1?QPERIT Do<:XJ)oclDDMS~=lnterwoyenIManage.Eonna.r'Sss.LlB.;? ssMlJlb;>y,-.,-YER;>;>.ssCL.T;>:>cssl,II.R:>;>£BESEBKEl.QCA.TlON.i.:.MF:.BG1JEOBMAT APPENDIX D FIELD DATA SHEETS f)WL!1illfiE>',gqF!~,9f;J}PQqgtJ:!QCf£QfJIBTYJ2ll(.KJLO£ll)DMS=1nreIJ¥Q=lMJll)-'lge1Q1J1!#!~<~L[J3» S,<;lYJlM»y<;<VER»,<<;CL]},,;,<<MTJ?»l'EI£SJfRygI,QC4T[QIYI:MI£BGI£EQRMt1T APPENDIX E ECOLOGY WETLAND RATING FORMS l)WT.18118.11 ... L~OJ1.!"' .. OfloooIDOCPRQPERTYDQcXDoclDDMS=ll1rcm()x.el1IM<!l1qge.Ewmar""5S1.J/J.?;;;: $~NJJM.??Y"".VE&?~.~CLl}?,.<~MI&?PR!i.Se.RYELQC471QN .. I .. :.MERGEfQRM4.T APPENDIX F SITE PHOTOGRAPHS £)"'1'18,1,1.8.", I OW1.'L5,OgOOolfJQC::PEQfliliTYP9J;XI:JPs!P!2.M~=lIJJeZ;}¥P!CmIMi!l)ag~F'PI111"t"",<,<LlB;» <,<NUM»y,«VER:»,,<.<.(;LT>,>c,<.<.MIE»f'Eli$EEV,liLQg,T,fQlY,I,~MliE9lif'QEl'44,! APPENDIX G MITIGATION ANALYSIS MEMORANDUM, QUENDALL AND BAXTER PROPERTIES !lWEI.&11.8~n ,j .o.~>I'H'>.Qe9QQIf2Qf;J>RQJ>gR1X.P.p,XPqf!I!I!ll{.$,ll1t~!JYC<JK~l1lMi!JJ<Jg~):,qpJlil~~~LlIl.2 «NJJM»I'«YER»«(;f]»,«A1T'R?>Pl?iI$ERYEl.-Q(A.TIQlYtMIlRGiIFQRMA T APPENDIX H 1990 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH i)W'Tol84/f36U"QiW69,ci!i!f)f}MDQCPROPERTYDQcXl20c1DDMS=InterwovenIManagc1'PfllliKe," "LIE?? sdYJJM?2xssYER??s.sCL,[?,:,ssM[&?!'B.Es'EI1J'/lLQQ1,[lQNJ:MER/:iEEQiY'44r Document comparison by Workshare Compare on Monday, October 24, 2011 11'53'52 AM ..... -_. ... _. __ . Ilnn"t' IDocument1 10 i. . venSi1e.;/Idwldgcs/DWT/1 §41862211 Qe~!<[ipti()Q 1#18418622v1<DWT> -Wetland Report [dean] DQ.~ument 2 ID ,/I I "A, ~ .. , QA' d?<DWT> I set Istandard Statistig;; Co.un.t loser:tiQos H DeletiQos H MQved from Q MQlled tQ Q SMe!::baoge Q EQllIIal!::bang ed Q Total !::banges 28. Document comparison by Workshare Compare on Monday, October 24, 2011 11'56'32 AM Input: Document 1 10 file://C:\Users\paks\Desktop\DEIS\ 10-13-11 \Quendall Wetland Report 07-14-11 redline (old 1 ),doc Description Quendall Wetland Report 07-14-11 redline (old 1) Document 2 10 interwovenSite://dwtdocsIDWT/184197 4 7 /1 Description #18419747v1<DWT> -Wetland Report CMP Rendering set standard Legend: lns~r!lon bleletieH Mo'iea !fem Mov~d to Styl~ change F orrnat change M&ved-OOlelHm Inserted cell Deleted cell Moved cell Split/Merged cell Padding cell Statistics: Count Insertions 140 Deletions 72 Moved from 5 Moved to 5 Style change 0 Format changed 0 Total changes 222 WETLAND ASSESSMENT, STANDARD LAKE STUDY, HABITAT DATA REPORT, AND CONCEPTUAL RESTORATION PLAN QUENDALL TERMINALS Prepared for Altino Propenies, Inc. and J.H. Baxter & Company Prepared by Anchor QEA, LLC 720 Olive Way, Suite 1900 Seattle, Washington 98101 July 2011 DWT 18418622v3 0032695-000004 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Review of Existing Information ...................................................................................... 3 2 STUDY AREA DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................ 4 2.1 Topography ...................................................................................................................... .4 2.2 Soils .................................................................................................................................. .5 2.3 Hydrology ......................................................................................................................... 6 2.4 Plant Communities and Habitat Types ........................................................................... 6 3 WETLAND DELINEATION ................................................................................................ 8 3.1 Wetland Delineation Methods ........................................................................................ 8 3.1.1 Vegetation ................................................................................................................... 9 3.1.2 Soils ........................................................................................................................... 10 3.1.3 Hydrology ................................................................................................................. 11 3.1.4 Other Data Sources ................................................................................................... 11 3.1.5 Wetland Classifications ............................................................................................ 11 3.1.6 State Wetland Ratings System ................................................................................. 12 3.1.7 City of Renton Wetland Rating System and Buffer Requirements ....................... 13 3.1. 7 .1 Wetland Rating System and Buffer Requirements ........................................ 13 3.1.8 Wetland Functions Assessment ............................................................................... 16 3.2 Wetland Delineation Results ......................................................................................... 16 3.2.1 Wetland A ................................................................................................................. 16 3.2.2 Wetland B ................................................................................................................. 18 3.2.3 Wetland C ................................................................................................................. 19 3.2.4 Wetland D ................................................................................................................ .20 3.2.5 Wetland E ................................................................................................................. 22 3.2.6 Wetland F ................................................................................................................. 23 3.2.7 Wetland G ................................................................................................................. 24 3.2.8 Wetland H ................................................................................................................ 26 3.2.9 Wetland I .................................................................................................................. 27 3.2.10 Wetland J .................................................................................................................. 28 3.3 Regulatory Framework .................................................................................................. 29 3.3.1 USFWS Classification ............................................................................................... 30 Wedand Assessment, Standard Lake Study, and Habitat Data Report Quendall Terminals i DWT 18418622,] 0032695·000004 /uly2011 060059-01 3.3.2 Ecology Rating, Classification, and Functions and Values Scores ......................... 30 3.3.3 City of Renton Wetland Classification Guidance ................................................... 33 3.4 Wetland Functions and Values Summary .................................................................... 33 3.4.1 Water Quality Functions ......................................................................................... 35 3.4.2 Hydrologic Functions ............................................................................................... 35 3.4.3 Habitat Functions ..................................................................................................... 36 3.5 Exempt Wetlands ........................................................................................................... 37 3.6 Constructed Stormwater Features ................................................................................. 37 3.6.1 Excavated Features from the 1970s ......................................................................... 37 3.6.2 Best Management Practices Implementation -2006 ............................................. 38 3.6.3 Anticipated Regulatory Status ................................................................................. 38 3.7 Wetland Delineation and Typing Limitations .............................................................. 39 4 LAKE WASHINGTON OHWM DELINEATION AND LAKE STUDY ........................... .40 4.l Lake Washington OHWM Delineation Methods ....................................................... .40 4.2 Lake Washington OHWM Delineation Results .......................................................... .41 4.3 Lake Study ..................................................................................................................... .41 4.3.1 Fish Species Presence .............................................................................................. .42 5 SHORELINE RESTORATION PLAN ............................................................................... .43 5.1 Introduction and Purpose ............................................................................................. .43 5.2 Goals and Objectives ..................................................................................................... .44 5.3 Elements of the Plan .................................................................................................... ..45 5.3.1 Riparian Buffer Habitat .......................................................................................... ..45 5.3.2 Wetland Restoration ............................................................................................... .47 6 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................... 50 Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals II DWT J84J8622v3 0032695·000004 July 2011 060059·01 List of Tables Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Wetland Plant Indicator Definitions ................................................................. 10 City of Renton Wetland Regulations ................................................................. 16 USFWS Wetland Classifications and Connections to Surface Water .............. 30 Summary of Wetland Classes and Rating Scores Using Ecology Wetlands Rating System ....................................................................................................... 31 Table 5 Table 6 Table 7 Table 8 Summary of Functions and Values Wetland Rating Scores ............................. 32 City of Renton Wetland Ratings and Standard Buffer Distance ...................... 33 Riparian Buffer Plant List. .................................................................................. 47 Wetland Plant List .............................................................................................. 49 List of Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Vicinity Map Project Site and Aerial Photo Site Topography Soil Series NWI Mapped Wetlands Vegetative Cover Wetlands and OHWM Delineation Results Shoreline Restoration Conceptual Design List of Appendices Appendix A Plan View and Cross Sections of Wetlands A through H Appendix B Ordinary High Water Mark Flag Locations Appendix C Sample Plot Summary Data Appendix D Field Data Sheets Appendix E Ecology Wetland Rating Forms Appendix F Site Photographs Appendix G Mitigation Analysis Memorandum, Quendall and Baxter Properties Appendix H 1990 Aerial Photograph Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals iii DWT 18418622v3 0032695-000004 /uly2011 060059-01 Introduction 1 INTRODUCTION Under the direction of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Quendall Terminals owners (Altino Properties, Inc., and r.H. Baxter & Company) are concurrently conducting a remedial investigation (RI) and feasibility study (FS) at the Quendall Terminals Site (Site) in Renton, Washington. The work is being conducted under an Administrative Settlement Agreement and Order on Consent, as amended (AOC), with EPA under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA; i.e., "Superfund"). Detailed information on existing lake and upland conditions will be included in the RIffS report, estimated to be released by EPA in late -2013. CERCLA cleanup actions along the shoreline will potentially include remediation of hazardous substances in lake sediments and/or in the upland portions of the Site, as well as implementation of the Shoreline Restoration Plan required as part of the cleanup! remediation and/or to resolve potential natural resource damages ("NRD") claims. This report was prepared to facilitate the redevelopment process that is underway at this time and is not intended to replace the EPAlNRD process. Rather, Anchor QEA, LLC (Anchor QEA) performed wetland delineation, lake ordinary high water mark (OHWM) delineation, and habitat assessments ofthe approximately 21-acre Quendall Terminals Site (Parcel No. 2924059002; Township 24 North, Range 5 East, Section 29) to inform development of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the Site. While specifications for shoreline mitigation and restoration will not be finalized until the ROD and/or a potential NRD settlement, this report is intended to identify a post-remediation condition referred to as a baseline. Redevelopment impacts are assessed and measured against the baseline that exists pre-development, but post-cleanup. For this report and the DEIS, a baseline can be assumed using environmental mitigation ratios, buffers and setbacks from the 1983 City of Renton's Shoreline Management Plan and Appendix E ofthe DEIS. Such a baseline, as presented in this DEIS, would reflect the maximum development footprint or impact that could occur at Quendall. A similar analysis may be required as part of the EP AlNRD process and may result in delineations and ratings different than those included in this report. As part of EPA's cleanup decision, the Agency will require any necessary wetland mitigation/shoreline restoration, as determined by prevailing environmental standards, as needed to compensate for environmental impacts resulting for cleanup actions such as filling existing wetlands to provide a clean soil surface at ~endall. Wetland and Ordinal)' High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 1 DWT 18418622v3 0032695-000004 July 2011 060059-01 Introduction These environmental standards may change in the future because more stringent regulatory standards could be established. It is EPA's position that future environmental standards for environmental mitigation/restoration may result in larger mitigation ratios, buffers and/or setbacks resulting in larger or higher quality wetlands and shoreline restoration. The result would be a smaller redevelopment footprint/impact and the City may decide a new or supplemental EIS is not necessary. Final wetland mitigation/shoreline restoration, requirements will be established in EPA's Record of Decision for the QIendall cleanup. A vicinity map is provided on Figure I, and a recent aerial photograph of the project area is provided on Figure 2. The survey included an approximately l.IS-acre adjoining portion on the east side of Lake Washington Boulevard (Figure 2). As discussed above, this report supports City of Renton (City) entitlement processing for Master Siteplan Approval, Shoreline Substantial Development, Environmental Review, and a Binding Siteplan, for the Quendall Terminals property. The proposed project includes a mix of S-story residential units above two levels of above-grade parking and at-grade surface street parking along with retaiVrestaurant space. The redevelopment project anticipates entitlement of approximately 800 residential units, 260,000± square feet of office space, and 30,000± square feet (sf) of retaiVrestaurant space with associated parking. While this report was prepared in accordance with City criteria, as defined in the City of Renton Municipal Code (RMC) Section 4-3-050 (City of Renton 2009), some elements required by the code will not be available until selection of a cleanup remedy for the Site by EPA, which is currently anticipated in 2013. As required by CERCLA, all substantive provisions of City regulatory requirements will be met by the cleanup remedy selected by EPA. Land use within the study area is currently zoned for commercial use and consists of abandoned log storage facilities, modified dirt roads, and fragmented patches of forest and shrub habitat. Ten wetlands (Wetlands A through J) were identified within the study area. This report describes the methods used in the field investigation and Anchor QEA's findings. A description of the study area is included in Section 2. Summaries of the findings of the wetland delineation are included in Section 3. Summaries of the findings of the lake OHWM delineation are included in Section 4. Drawings showing plan view and cross sections of each wetland are provided in Appendix A. Flag locations from the OHWM survey are provided in drawings in Appendix B. A summary of data collected at each sample plot Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Qf.1endall Terminals 2 DW1' 18418622d 0032695-000004 July 2011 060059-01 Introduction during the wetland delineation is presented in tables in Appendix C and in the field data forms in Appendix D. Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) wetland rating forms are included in Appendix E. Site photographs are provided in Appendix F. Previous wetland delineations performed in 1997 are included in the Mitigation Analysis Memorandum provided in Appendix G. A 1990 aerial photograph of the site is provided in Appendix H. 1.1 Review of Existing Information As part of the analysis to identify natural resources and critical areas in the study area, Anchor QEA ecologists reviewed the following sources of information to support field observations: • Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) Web Soil Survey (USDA 2009) • Soil Survey of King County, Washington (USDA 1973) • Hydric Soil List for King County, Washington (USDA 2001) • United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Wetlands Mapper for National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) Map Information (USFWS 2009) • RMC (City of Renton 2009) • Aerial photographs • Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) Priority Habitat and Species (PHS) Maps (WDFW 2009) • WDFS Non-game Data System Special Animal Species, as identified in Washington Administrative Code (WAC) 232-12-011 Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Qpendall Terminals 3 DWT 18418622v3 0032695-0(}(}(}04 July 2011 060059-01 Study Area Description 2 STUDY AREA DESCRIPTION The study area consists of one parcel with two parts. The larger portion is rectangular- shaped and is approximately 20.08 acres located adjacent to Lake Washington. The smaller portion is located just across Lake Washington Boulevard and is approximately 1.15 acres. The study area is located in the City of Renton, King County Washington (Township 24 North, Range 5 East, Section 29; see Figures 1 and 2). Shortly after the lowering of Lake Washington in 1916 to construct the Lake Washington Ship Canal, the Site, including newly exposed portions of the former May Creek delta, was developed into a creosote manufacturing facility. Up until 1969, creosote was manufactured on the Site by refining and processing coal tar and oil-gas tar residues. From 1969 to approximately 1977, some of the aboveground tanks at the Site were used intermittently for crude oil, waste oil, and diesel storage. From 1977 to 2008, the Site was used primarily for log sorting and storage, with tree, shrub, and herbaceous vegetation associated with upland, wetland, and riparian habitats. The Site is currently vacant. Aquatic lands adjacent to the facility managed by the Washington Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) were historically leased for log rafting and vessel storage uses, but those leases terminated in the 1990s. Immediately adjacent properties include Conner Homes to the south (former Barbee Mill property) and Port Quendall Company/Football Northwest to the north (former J.H. Baxter property). Lake Washington borders the western boundary ofthe study area. BNSF railroad and Lake Washington Boulevard separate the two portions of the parcel, with Interstate 405 (I -405) located along the east side of the eastern portion. May Creek currently discharges into Lake Washington approximately 400 yards south ofthe Site, just south ofthe Conner Homes development. An aerial photograph of the study area shortly after redevelopment of the Port Quendall Company/Football Northwest property, but prior to more recent redevelopment of the Conner Homes property, is depicted on Figure 2. 2.1 Topography Overall, the topography ofthe Site is relatively level with a gradual slope west down to Lake Washington (Figure 3). Site topography has been modified over the past 90 years by filling and grading activities. Site elevations are based on the North American Vertical Datum 1988 Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 4 DWT 1841862],30032695-0011004 July 2011 060059-01 Study Area Description (NA VD 88) and range from approximately 35 feet on the east side of the property to about 20 feet at the lake shore. The exposed Site soils are relatively fine-grained, which slows infiltration during rainy periods causing ponding in many areas. The Site has been heavily manipulated through the placement of fill, which is found across the entire Site. Fill thickness ranges from I to 2 feet along the southern and eastern boundaries up to 6 and 10 feet in northern portions. Most commonly, the fill is a mix of silt, sand, and gravel with wood debris. Wood chips and bark from the log sorting operations are typical in the upper few feet. Where creosote and pitch-like material has been encountered, it generally occurred at depths greater than 2 feet below ground surface. The surface of the Site is currently covered by either wood debris or by a 0.25-to I-foot- thick layer of rock and organic muck generated from imported gravel and wood debris mixed together by operation of log sorting equipment in wet areas. There is also a network of roads at the Site that were previously used for log sorting and storage, resulting in relatively compacted soil on much ofthe Site. Additionally, several storm water features have been constructed on the Site that appear to have historically collected and conveyed much of the site's stormwater into Lake Washington. During the rainy season, most runoff flows into stormwater collection ponds on the west side of the Site or a drainage ditch along the southern property boundary (Figure 3). Stormwater also accumulates in low-lying areas. During field surveys it was apparent that these features still function by conveying and storing seasonal stormwater. Several features were excavated, constructed, or improved in 2006 to limit stormwater runoff into Lake Washington (Phoinix 2006). These areas have developed wetland characteristics supporting riparian tree species like willows (Salixsp.) and black cottonwoods (Populus balsamifera). 2.2 Soils The NRCS Web Soil Survey (USDA 2009) identifies two soil series in the location ofthe study area: "Norma sandy loam (No)" and "Bellingham silt loam (Bh)." The Norma sandy loam series is mapped within the majority of the study area, and the Bellingham silt loam series is mapped along the northern portion. Figure 4 shows soil series in the study area. Wedand and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Tenninals 5 DWT 18418622,] 0032695-000004 Juiy2011 06()()59-01 Study Area Description Both soil series identified in the study area are described as having poorly drained soils that formed in alluvium, under sedges, grass, conifers, and hardwoods. The Norma series are in basins on the glaciated uplands and in areas along the stream bottoms. The Bellingham series are nearly level and are mostly in depressions on the upland glacial till plain (USDA 1973). According to the Hydric Soil List for King County, Washington, both the Norma sandy loam and Bellingham series are classified as hydric soils (USDA 2009). Sample plot soil profiles are described in Section 3.2. A summary of soils data collected at each sample plot is presented in tables in Appendix C and in the field data forms in Appendix D. 2.3 Hydrology The study area is located in the Lake WashingtoniSammamish River Basin Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA) 8 (Ecology 2009a). Hydrologic characteristics in the study area are influenced by regional groundwater, direct precipitation, surface water runoff, and Lake Washington. The OHWM of Lake Washington was delineated as part ofthis investigation and is described in Section 4 of this report. Sample plot hydrology is described in Section 3.2. A summary of hydrology data collected at each sample plot is presented in tables in Appendix C and in the field data forms in Appendix D. 2.4 Plant Communities and Habitat Types The USFWS Wetlands Mapper for NlVI Map Information identifies palustrine scrub-shrub (PSS) habitat on the western border of the study area adjoining Lake Washington (USFWS 2009; Figure 5). Wetland vegetation community types identified during the delineation include palustrine and lacustrine emergent (PEM and LEM), palustrine and lacustrine scrub shrub (PSS and LSS), palustrine and lacustrine forested (PFO and LFO), and palustrine open water (POW) wetland systems. Vegetation within the study area includes tree, shrub, grass, and herbaceous species associated with upland, wetland, and riparian habitat associated with Lake Washington and the constructed stormwater features. Vegetative cover by community (forested, scrub/shrub, and herbaceous/disturbed) and trees more than 10 inches in diameter at breast height (dbh) within 100 feet of the shoreline are shown on Figure 6. Wetland and Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 6 DWT 1841862h3 ()IJ32695·000004 /uly2011 060059-01 Study Area Description upland vegetation in the study area is described in Section 3.2. A summary of vegetation data collected in the study area and at each sample plot is presented in the tables in Appendix C and in the field data forms in Appendix D. The WDFW PHS database does not identify any priority habitats within the study area (WDFW 2009). Priority wetland habitat occurs approximately 0.2S-mile south and east of the study area and consists of scrub-shrub, forested, and emergent marsh wetlands along May Creek, its tributaries, and Lake Boren. Priority fish presence documented in May Creek includes coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), resident cutthroat (Oncorhynchus ciarla), sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), and winter steelhead (Oncorhynchus my kiss). Priority fish presence within the study area includes species documented in Lake Washington, including coho salmon, fall Chinook, resident cutthroat, sockeye salmon, winter steelhead, and Dolly Vardenlbull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report ~ffi~llTffmm~ 7 DWT 18418621d 0032695-000004 July 2011 060059-01 Wetland Delineation 3 WETLAND DELINEATION On April 23 and 30, May 6, and June 192009, Anchor QEA ecologists performed wetland delineations and a wetland ratings analysis of wetland habitats in the study area. Ten wetlands, Wetlands A and J, were found in the study area. Complete descriptions of Wetlands A through J are provided in the following sections. Wetland delineation results are shown on Figure 6 -Wetland and OHWM Delineation Results. A summary of vegetation, soils, and hydrology data collected at each sampling plot is presented in the tables in Appendix C and in the field data forms in Appendix D. Site photographs are provided in AppendixF. A similar analysis may be required as part of the EP NNRD process and may result in delineations and ratings different than those included in this report. This report assumes regulatory interpretations that will result in a post-remediation condition that would allow the greatest area for redevelopment based on the 1983 City of Renton's Shoreline Management Plan and Appendix E of the DEIS. 3.1 Wetland Delineation Methods This section describes the methodology used to perform the wetland delineation, including the review of existing information and field investigation procedures. These methods are consistent with current federal and state agency requirements, as well as local jurisdiction requirements, for performing wetland delineations and identifying protective wetland buffer widths. As specified by the RMC (City of Renton 2009), this wetland delineation was conducted according to the methods defined in the US. Anny Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual (Environmental Laboratory 1987), the Interim Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Westem Mountains, VaJJeys, and Coast Region (Corps 2008), and Ecology's Washington State Wetland Identification and Delineation Manual (Ecology 1997). Soil colors were classified by their numerical description, as identified on a Munsell Soil Color Chart (Munsell 1994). The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps; Environmental Laboratory 1987), the Washington State Shoreline Management Act (SMA; Ecology 2009b), the Washington State Growth Management Act (GMA; Access Washington 2007), and the RMC all define wetlands as: "Areas that are inundated or Wedand and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 8 DWT 18418622\/3 Q()32695-000004 July2011 060059-01 Wetland Delineation saturated by surface water or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas." The method for delineating wetlands is based on the presence of three parameters: hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils, and wetland hydrology. Hydrophytic vegetation is "the macrophytic plant life that occurs in areas where the frequency and duration of inundation or soil saturation produce permanently or periodically saturated soils of sufficient duration to exert a controlling influence on the plant species present." Hydric soils are "formed under conditions of saturation, flooding, or ponding long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part." Wetland hydrology "encompasses all hydrologic characteristics of areas that are periodically inundated or have soils saturated to the surface for a sufficient duration during the growing season" (Ecology 1997). Data collection methods for each ofthese parameters are described below. A total of 21 data plots were sampled at the approximately 21.23~acre study area. Sample plots are identified numerically as wetland or upland plots (for example, SPIWet, SP2Wet, SP3Up, etc). Vegetation, soils, and hydrology information were collected at each of the plots, recorded on field data sheets, and photographed. Locations of wetland delineation boundary flags and data plots are provided in Appendix A. A summary of sample plot data is presented in Appendix C. The field data sheets are provided in Appendix D. Site photographs are provided in Appendix F. Wetland boundaries were determined based upon sample plot data and visual observations of each wetland. Wetland locations and boundaries were flagged and subsequently surveyed by a professional surveyor to establish and verify the location and size. 3.1.1 Vegetation Plant species occurring in each plot were recorded on field data sheets, one data sheet per plot (Appendix D). Percent cover was estimated in the plot for each plant species and dominant species were determined. At each plot, trees within a 30~foot radius, shrubs within a IS-foot radius, and emergents within a 3~foot radius from the center of the plot were identified and recorded on a data sheet. A plant indicator status, designated by the Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report ~ffi~llTffmm~ 9 DWT 18418622d 0032695-000004 July 2011 060059-01 Wetland Delineation USFWS (Reed 1988 and 1993), was assigned to each species and a determination was made as to whether the vegetation in the plot was hydrophytic. To meet the hydrophytic parameter, more than 50 percent of the dominant species, with 20 percent or greater cover, must have an indicator of obligate wetland (OBL), facultative wetland (FACW), or facultative (FAC or FAC+). Table 1 shows the wetland indicator status categories. Table 1 Wetland Plant Indicator Definitions Indicator Status Deseri ption Obligate wetland (OBL) Plant species occur almost always in wetlands (estimated probability greater than 99 percent) under natural conditions. Facultative wetland Plant species usually occur in wetlands (estimated probability 67 (FACW) percent to 99 percent), but occasionally found in non-wetlands. Facultative (FAC) Plant species equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34 percent to 66 percent). Facultative upland Plant species usually occur in non-wetlands (estimated probability (FACU) 67 percent to 99 percent), but occasionally found in wetlands. Obligate upland (UPL) Plant species occur almost always in non-wetlands (estimated probability greater than 99 percent) under natural conditions. 3.1.2 Soils Soils were sampled in each plot and evaluated for hydric soil indicators. Soil pits were dug to a depth of 16 inches or greater, and all profiles were photographed. Hydric soil indicators include low soil matrix chroma, gleying,and redoximorphic features (such as mottles), and are formed predominantly by the accumulation or loss of iron, manganese, sulfur, or carbon compounds in a saturated and anaerobic environment. Mottles are spots of contrasting color occurring within the soil matrix (the predominant soil color). Gleyed soils are predominantly bluish, greenish, or grayish in color. For example, a depleted dark soil surface (F7), a matrix value of 3 or less, a chroma of 2 or less, and 20 percent or more redox depletions are positive indicators of hydric soils (Corps 2008). Due to the presence of known soil and groundwater contamination at the Site, soil pits were not excavated at many wetland sample plots located in the upland area. This includes the Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Qpendall Terminals 10 DWT 18418622,] 0032695·000004 luly 2011 060059-01 Wetland Delineation constructed stormwater features located throughout the project site and most upland plot locations. 3.1.3 Hydrology Wetland hydrology was evaluated at each plot to determine whether it "encompasses all hydrologic characteristics of areas that are periodically inundated or have soils saturated to the surface for a sufficient duration during the growing season" (Ecology 1997). The mesic growing season in western Washington is generally March through October. Field observations of saturation and inundation, and other indicators of wetland hydrology, such as water-stained leaves and drainage patterns in wetlands, were recorded. 3.1.4 Other Data Sources Reviews of existing information were conducted to identify potential wetlands or site characteristics indicative of wetlands in the study area. The sources of information reviewed to support field observations are identified in Section 1.1. 3.1.5 Wetland Classifications Wetland community types are discussed below according to the USFWS classification developed by Cowardin, et al. (1979). This system, published in 1979 by a team ofUSFWS scientists led by L.M. Cowardin, bases the classification of wetlands on their physical characteristics, such as the general type of vegetation in the wetland (trees, shrubs, grass, etc.) and prevalence and location of water in the wetland. The Cowardin classification system provides a classification for every known wetland type that occurs throughout the United States, and, under this system, a wetland can be classified as having one or more wetland classification types. The community types found during this investigation were: • Palustrine and Lacustrine forested (PFO and LFO) -These wetlands have at least 30 percent cover of woody vegetation that is more than 20 feet high. • Palustrine and Lacustrine scrub-shrub (PSS and LSS) -These wetlands have at least 30 percent cover of woody vegetation that is less than 20 feet high. • Palustrine and Lacustrine emergent (PEM and LEM) -These wetlands have erect, rooted, herbaceous vegetation present for most of the growing season in most years. • Palustrine open water (POW) -These wetlands are characterized by open water, such Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 11 DWT 18418622v3 ()()32695-000004 July 2011 060059-01 Wetland Delineation as ponds. 3.1.6 State Wetland Ratings System At the state level, wetlands are categorized by applying the most current version of the rating system developed by Ecology: Washington State Wetlands Rating System -Western Washington: Revised (Ecology 2004), and Washington State Wetland Rating Form- Western Washington, version 2 (Ecology 2006). Ecology developed this system to differentiate wetlands based on their sensitivity to disturbance, their significance in the watershed, their rarity, the ability to replace them, and the beneficial functions they provide to society. To determine an accurate assessment of a wetland's rating and functional values, function scores were calculated based on entire wetland systems, not just the delineated portion of wetlands within the study area. The Ecology rating system requires the user to collect specific information about the wetland in a step-by-step process. As part of the rating system, the hydrogeomorphic classification of the wetland was determined and three major functions were analyzed: flood and erosion control, water quality improvement, and wildlife habitat. Each hydrogeomorphic wetland class has specific rating criteria for water quality and hydrologic functions. Habitat functions rating criteria were the same for each of the hydrogeomorphic wetland classes. Ratings were based on a point system where points are given if a wetland meets specific criteria related to the wetland's potential and opportunity to provide certain benefits. If a wetland provides the opportunity to improve water quality or hydrologic functions, a multiplier of two was applied to the points for the wetland's potential functions. If a wetland does not provide the opportunity to improve water quality or hydrologic functions, a multiplier of one was applied. Per Ecology's rating system, wetlands were categorized according to the following criteria and on points given: • Category I wetlands (70 to 100 points) represent a unique or rare wetland type, or are more sensitive to disturbance, or are relatively undisturbed and contain ecological attributes that are impossible to replace within a human lifetime. • Category II wetlands (51 to 69 points) are difficult, though not impossible, to replace, and provide high levels of some functions. • Category III (30 to 50 points) wetlands have a moderate level of function. They have been disturbed in some ways, and are often less diverse or more isolated from other Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 12 DWT 18418622v3 0032695-0000(}4 July 2011 060059-01 Wetland Delineation natural resources in the landscape than Category II wetlands. • Category IV wetlands (0 to 29 points) have the lowest levels of functions and are often heavily disturbed. 3.1.7 City of Renton Wetland Rating System and Buffer Requirements Wetlands in the study area were also rated according to the City of Renton Critical Area Regulations that establish local regulatory requirements for wetlands and their associated buffers (City of Renton 2009). Wetlands in the study area were assigned a local rating category based on the applicable City and King County (County) critical areas regulations and the associated regulatory wetland buffer widths. Section 3.3.3 provides wetland information contained in the RMC (City of Renton 2009). The full text of the city's critical areas regulations was consulted during this analysis. 3.1.7.1 Wetland Rating System and Buffer Requirements Category 1 wetlands meet any of the following criteria: • Contain species listed by federal or state government as endangered or threatened, or the presence of essential habitat for those species • Have 40 to 60 percent permanent open water (in dispersed patches or otherwise) with two or more vegetation classes • Are equal to or greater than 10 acres in size and have three or more vegetation classes, one of which is open water • Contain plant associations of infrequent occurrence, or at the geographical limits of their occurrence Category 2 wetlands meet any of the following criteria: • Are wetlands that are not Category 1 or 3 wetlands • Have heron rookeries or raptor nesting trees, but are not Category 1 wetlands • Are wetlands of any size located at the headwaters of a watercourse, i.e., a wetland with a perennial or seasonal outflow channel, but with no defined influent channel, but are not Category 1 wetlands • Have minimum existing evidence of human related physical alteration such as diking, Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 13 DWT 18418622v3 0032695-000004 July 2011 060059-01 Wetland Delineation ditching, or channelization Category 3 wetlands meet any of the following criteria: • Are severely disturbed wetlands; severely disturbed wetlands are wetlands that meet the following criteria: Are characterized by hydrologic isolation, human-related hydrologic alterations such as diking, ditching, channelization, and/or outlet modification Have soils alterations such as the presence of fill, soil removal and/or compaction of soil May have altered vegetation • Are newly emerging wetlands; newly emerging wetlands are wetlands occurring on top of fill materials, and characterized by emergent vegetation, low plant species richness, and used minimally by wildlife. • Include all other wetlands not classified as Category 1 or 2, such as smaller, high quality wetlands. According to the RMC, Category 3 wetlands less than 2,200 sf in area are exempt from the regulations if they meet the following exemption criteria[ 4-3-050 C5(f)]: • Standing water is not present in sufficient amounts, Le., approximately 12 inches to 18 inches in depth from approximately December through May, to support breeding amphibians • Species listed by Federal or State government as endangered or threatened, or the presence of essential habitat for those species, are not present • Some form of mitigation is provided for hydrologic and water quality functions; for example, stormwater treatment or landscaping or other mitigation • A wetland assessment is prepared by a qualified professional demonstrating the criteria of the exemption are met According to the RMC Title 4, Chapter 3, Section 5, wetland buffers are measured from the wetland edge as delineated in the field and are sized depending on the wetland category. Building or activity setback from a critical area or buffer may be required to ensure adequate protection of the critical arealbuffer during construction and ongoing maintenance of the activity. Section 5 also states that alterations to wetlands shall be mitigated through creation, Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report July 201 1 Quendall Terminals 14 060059-01 DWT 1841B622v3 0032695·000004 Wetland Delineation restoration, and/or enhancement. Mitigation actions must re-create as nearly as possible the wetland being replaced, and result in no net loss of wetland acreage and/or function. Table 2 provides a summary of the City's wetland buffer requirements. Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 15 DWl' 18418622v3 0032695-000004 july2011 060059-01 Wetland Delineation Table 2 City of Renton Wetland Regulations Wetland Classification Buffer Requirement Category 1 100 feet Category 2 50 feet Category 3 25 feet 3.1.8 Wetland Functions Assessment The functional values of wetlands were rated according to Washington State Wetland Rating System -Western Washington: Revised (Ecology 2004) and Wetland Rating Form -Western Washington, Version 2 (Ecology 2006). Using Ecology's system, wetlands were rated based on a point system where points are awarded to three functional value categories: water quality, hydrologic, and wildlife habitat. Detailed scoring, based on Ecology wetland rating forms, is provided in Appendix E. 3.2 Wetland Delineation Results Ten wetlands, Wetlands A though J, were found in the study area. A complete description of each wetland is provided in the following sections. Wetland delineation results are shown on Figure 5 and for each individual wetland in Appendix A. A summary of vegetation, soils, and hydrology data collected at each sample plot is presented in the tables in Appendix C and in the field data forms in Appendix D. 3.2.1 Wetland A Wetland A is a 0.08-acre (3,433-sf) lake-fringe and slope wetland that contains LFO, LSS, and LEM habitat (Figure 7; Appendix A). The entire boundary of Wetland A was delineated within the study area. Wetland A is located in the southwest corner of the study area and is associated with Lake Washington (Photographs 1 and 2 in Appendix F). A compacted din access road abuts the eastern edge. Wetland A vegetation is dominated primarily by young (less than 10 inches dbh) red alder (Alnus rubra) , red-osier dogwood (Comus sericea), and black twinberry (Lonicera involucrata) (Photograph 2 in Appendix F). The dominant buffer vegetation of Wetland A is Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Qpendall Tenninals 16 DWT 18418622v3 0032695-000004 July 2011 060059-01 Wetland Delineation also young red alder with some Indian plum (Oemleria cerasiformis) and dense Himalayan blackberry (Rubus armeniacus) where the vegetated buffer transitions into a compacted soil road. Much (75 percent) of the buffer is disturbed compacted soils with sparse native and non-native invasive plants. The northwest perimeter of Wetland A is Lake Washington with extensive open and deep water habitats. Wildlife use of the wetland and its buffer was evident through several physical indicators such as woodpecker cavities, forage snags, beaver forage marks, and mammal tunnels in the dense vegetation. There was evidence of turtle and waterfowl use on the partially submerged woody debris at the edge of the wetland bordering the lake. Wildlife observed in the wetland and its buffer includes black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus), song sparrow (Melospiza melodia), Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus), and Anna's hummingbird (Calypte anna). The transition from an open water habitat to wetland to maintained upland offers both soft and hard edges between habitats. Movement of wildlife from the wetland habitat to the lake or from the lake to the wetland appears healthy and may offer migration, forage, shelter, and breeding opportunities for specific species of amphibians, waterfowl, and mammals. The transition from the upland buffer habitats to the wetland habitat offers a more abrupt transition to wildlife. Hard edges tend to benefit some species while creating a less beneficial habitat for others. Migration, forage, shelter, and breeding near or in these areas may be limited for many species. Soils in the wetland plot included very dark gray (lOYR 3/1) to very dark grayish-brown (lOYR 3/2) clay loam to 18 inches deep. Below about 18 inches, very dark gray (2.5Y 311) clay loam with dark yellowish brown (lOYR 3/4) mottles was observed in the matrix. Soils in the upland plot were very dark gray (lOYR 311) to 18+ inches with brown (IOYR 4/3) mottles observed around 8+ inches. Soil saturation was at the surface in the majority of Wetland A and the upland plot, with free-standing water in the sample plots within about 10 inches of the surface. Two sample plots were established as part of Wetland A: SPIWet and SPIUp (Appendices A and B). SPIWet contained indicators ofhydrophytic vegetation, wetland hydrology, and hydric soils. The upland plot, SPI Up, had indicators of wetland hydrology and hydric soils, Wedand and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Tenninais 17 DWT 18418622v3 0032695-()O()004 juiy2011 060059-01 Wetland Delineation but lacked hydrophytic vegetation. Twenty flags were used to identify the Wetland A boundary (Appendix A). 3.2.2 Wetland B Wetland B is an approximately 0.14-acre (6,OSI-sf) depressional wetland and is one of the largest constructed stormwater features in the study area displaying wetland characteristics (Figure 7; Appendix A). Wetland B was excavated in the 1970s as a retention pond to control tar from flowing into the lake (King County Metro 1972). The wetland is triangle-shaped and representative of a settling pond with standing water observed during the survey. The eastern boundary of Wetland B narrows to a ditch-like feature that possibly used to convey water west from Wetland G during large rain events through either a culvert or a shallow ditch (now abandoned). Wetland B is positioned in the landscape approximately 6 to 8 feet below Wetland C. Wetland B contains PSS and POW habitats (Photograph 2 in Appendix F). As part of an effort to prevent silt and wood debris from entering Lake Washington in 2006, an outfall was excavated along the north side of Wetland B to create a stable outlet for stormwater into Lake Washington. Wetland vegetation is dominated by Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidawm), Pacific willow (Salix lasiandra), soft rush (Juncus effusus), and purple-leaved willowherb (Epilobium ciliawm). Dominant buffer vegetation of Wetland B includes monotypic stands ofJapanese knotweed and Himalayan blackberry. Most (90 percent) of the buffer apparently was maintained until recently. These maintained areas have now become fully vegetated, with Japanese knotweed dominating the western buffer and Himalayan blackberry dominating the eastern buffer. The remaining buffer (10 percent) on the north and south ends of the wetland has a few large native trees (greater than 16 inches dbh), but the understory is a shrub layer dominated by non-native invasive plants. The western buffer extends to Lake Washington with extensive open and deep water habitats. Wildlife use of Wetland B and its buffer was not very evident, but there were a few physical indicators such as a beaver slide to the west from the wetland toward the lake, and other small mammal tunnels in the dense vegetation. There was evidence of turtle use on the partially submerged woody debris within the standing water ofthe wetland. No aquatic organisms were seen in the water other than the purple-leaved willowherb. Wildlife observed in the wetland and its buffer includes spotted towhee (Pipilo maculaws), song Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report July 2011 Quendall Terminals 18 060059-01 DWT 18418622>3 00326Y5-000004 Wetland Delineation sparrow, and American goldfinch (Carduelis triseis). The open water habitat within the wetland quickly transitions to a scrub-shrub buffer habitat. Movement of wildlife from the wetland habitat to the buffer or from the buffer to the wetland appears to offer migration, forage, shelter, and breeding opportunities for specific species of amphibians, waterfowl, and mammals. Similarly, the transition from the wetland to the buffer to the lake offers a greater migration route with the dense shrub cover between the two open water habitats. Wetland B (denoted as Quendall Pond in the CERCLA RIIFS documents) is known to contain relatively high concentrations of contaminants in soil and groundwater, which limit the quality, use, and function of these habitats and corridors. Because contaminants are known to be in the study area, soil pits were not excavated in Wetland B. Wetland B is the largest of the constructed stormwater features in the study area. As described above, during large rain events, Wetland G may convey stormwater through a relic connection or by surface flow. The depth of water in Wetland B was not discernible because of opaque water coloration and the presence of contamination preventing further investigation; however, the volume and depth did appear to exceed several feet. Two sample plots were established as part of Wetland B: SPIWet and SPIUp (Appendices A, C, and D). The wetland plot contained indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and wetland hydrology. The upland plot lacked indicators of wetland hydrology and hydrophytic vegetation. Eleven flags were used to identify the Wetland B boundaty (Appendix A). 3.2.3 WetlandC Wetland C is an approximately 0.03-acre (1,200 sf) depressional wetland and is another constructed stormwater feature in the study area displaying wetland characteristics (Figure 7; Appendix A). The wetland is located in the center of the parcel with the western boundary approximately 38 feet from Lake Washington. Like Wetland B, the wetland is representative of a stormwater pond with standing water observed during the survey. Wetland C is positioned in the landscape approximately 6 to 8 feet above Wetland B. The entirety of Wetland C was constructed in 2006 as part of an effort to prevent silt and wood debris from entering Lake Washington (Phoinix 2006). An earthen berm was constructed along the Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 19 DWT 18418622>-30032695-000004 July 2011 060059-01 Wetland Delineation southwest edge of Wetlands Band C, and check dams were installed to control turbid water and floating debris. Wetland C likely flows directly into Wetland B during high flow events via sheetflow (Figure 7; Photograph 3 in Appendix F). Wetland C was constructed in an upland area that did not contain wetland indicators, based on the fact that Wetland C was not identified during a wetland delineation conducted by David Evans and Associates in 1997 (Appendix G). Wetland C contains PFO, PSS, PEM, and POW habitats. At the time of the survey, Pacific willow and black cottonwood saplings were the only vegetation observed in Wetland Band distributed along the wetland's edge. The saplings were all 3 to 5 feet in height with a dbh of approximately 1 to 3 inches. Because of the recent construction and maintenance ofthis feature, the wetland habitat and buffer habitat are heavily degraded and offer little or no opportunity for wildlife use. Because contaminants are known to be in the study area, soil pits were not excavated in Wetland C. The wetland is oval-shaped and, as described above, resembles a small settling pond. The wetland primarily receives stormwater runoff from the study area and direct precipitation. During the survey, based only on visual approximations, the depth of standing water was about 10 to 12 inches in the deepest parts. Two sample plots were established as part of Wetland C: SP1Wet and SP1Up (Appendices A, C, and D). The wetland plot contained indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and wetland hydrology. The upland plot lacked indicators of wetland hydrology and hydrophytic vegetation. Soil pits were not excavated. Ten flags were used to identify the Wetland C boundary (Appendix A). 3.2.4 WetlandD Wetland D is a 0.38-acre (16,686-sf) lake-fringe and slope wetland that contains LFO, LSS, and LEM habitats (Figure 7; Appendix A). Wetland D is associated with Lake Washington (Photograph 4 in Appendix F) and extends approximately 170 feet into the study area. Wetland D is the only wetland in the study area included in the USFWS Wetlands Mapper Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 20 DWT 1841862],30032695·000004 July 2011 060059-01 Wetland Delineation for NWI Map Information (Figure 5), which identifies this as PSS habitat. Wetland vegetation is dominated by large black cottonwood, Pacific willow, red alder, and red-osier dogwood. The dominant buffer vegetation includes black cottonwood and Himalayan blackberry and is the most diverse in vegetative strata layers (canopy, sub-canopy, scrub- shrub, and herbaceous) and the most intact of all the project site wetland buffers. Approximately 40 percent of the wetland buffer is Lake Washington to the northwest. Wildlife use of Wetland D is very similar to but more diverse than Wetland A. Several physical wildlife indicators within the wetland and the buffer were observed: woodpecker cavities, stick nests, basket nests, mole mounds, soil burrows, forage snags, beaver forage marks, matted vegetation, and mammal tunnels in the dense vegetation. There was also evidence of turtle and waterfowl use on partially submerged woody debris and vegetative mats at the edge of the lake and within the wetland. Wildlife observed in the wetland and its buffer includes Black-capped chickadee, song sparrow, bushtit, spotted towhee, downy woodpecker (Picoides pubescens), brown creeper (Certhia americana), American robin (Turdus migratrious), and northwest crow (Corvus caurinus). The transition from the open water habitat to the wetland to an intact upland buffer offers soft edges between all habitats. Movement of wildlife from the buffer to the wetland to the lake, or back, may offer healthy migration, forage, shelter, and breeding opportunities for specific species of amphibians, waterfowl, and mammals. This wetland, along with its buffer, appears to offer the best habitat opportunity for the most species due to its size, vegetative structure, hydrology regimes, and position in the landscape. Three soil pits were excavated in Wetland D (Appendix A); one near the lake's edge (SP1Wet), one in the upland (SPIUp), and one in the uppermost extent of the wetland (SP2Wet). The soils in SPIWet included very dark grayish-brown (lOYR 3/2) sandy loam to 6 inches deep and then gray (lOYR 5/1) silt loam with dark yellowish brown (lOYR 4/6) mottles through 18+ inches. Soils in SP2Wet included black (lOYR 2/1) loamy sand through 10 inches and then dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) loamy sand through 18+ inches. At approximately 10 to 12 inches, a narrow band of dark gray (2.5YR 4/1) silt loam with dark yellowish-brown (lOYR 4/6) mottles was observed with interspersed coarse angular rock. SPIUp included grayish brown (2.5Y 512) loamy clay through 18+ inches. Wedand and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 21 DWT 18418622v3 003261J5-U00004 July2011 060059-01 Wetland Delineation Soil saturation was observed at the surface in the majority of Wetland D with standing water near the lake's edge. The primary hydrologic indicator in the upper extent of Wetland D included sparsely vegetated concave surface and water-stained leaves. In the upland plot, saturation was observed at the surface. Three sample plots were established as part of Wetland D: SPI Wet, SP2Wet, and SPI Up (Appendices A, D, and D). SPIWet and SP2Wet contained indicators ofhydrophytic vegetation, wetland hydrology, and hydric soils. The upland plot, SPI Up, had indicators of wetland hydrology and hydric soils, but lacked hydrophytic vegetation. Twenty-two flags were used to identify the Wetland D boundary (Appendix A). 3.2.5 WetlandE Wetland E is a D.ll-acre (4,556-sf) depressional wetland that contains PFO and PSS habitat located in the southwest corner of the study area (Figure 7; Appendix A). Like Wetlands B, C, and G, Wetland E is a constructed stormwater feature in the study area, but it contains a more developed and mature forested component than the others (Photographs I and 2 in Appendix F). Wetland vegetation is dominated by young black cottonwood, Pacific willow, red alder, and red-osier dogwood. Dominant buffer vegetation includes Japanese knotweed and Himalayan blackberry, and a few mature black cottonwoods and young red alders (Photograph 5 in Appendix F). The entire wetland buffer apparently was maintained as transportation routes (roads) or staging areas (log storage) up until the facility closed in the past few years. These areas, other than the roads, have now become overgrown with upland invasive species, such as Scot's broom (Cytisus scoparius) and Himalayan blackberry. The dirt roads remain and are heavily compacted, supporting very little vegetation. Wildlife use of Wetland E and its buffer was not evident other than a few stick and leaf nests. There were some physical indicators of beaver foraging, but the teeth marks were very old and not very common. There was no evidence of aquatic organisms within the standing water of the wetland other than plants. Wildlife observed in the wetland and its buffer includes spotted towhee, Anna's hummingbird, northwest crow, American robin, song sparrow, and Wilson's snipe (Gallinago delicata). The open water habitat within the wetland quickly transitions to a scrub-shrub, young forest buffer habitat. This transition of an open water habitat to awetland to a disturbed upland offers both soft and hard edges between Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Tenninals 22 DWT 18418612v3 0032695-()00004 July 2011 060059-01 Wetland Delineation habitats. Movement of wildlife from the wetland habitat to the upland or from the upland to the wetland appears healthy and may offer migration, forage, shelter, and breeding opportunities for some species of amphibians, waterfowl, and mammals. The transition from the disturbed maintained upland habitats to the wetland habitat offers a more abrupt transition to wildlife. Hard edges tend to benefit some species while creating a less beneficial habitat for others. Migration, forage, shelter, and breeding near or in these areas may be limited for many species. Contaminated soil and sediments in this wetland may limit the quality, use, and function of these habitats and corridors. Because of the presence of contamination in the study area, soil pits were not excavated in Wetland E. The wetland determination for each plot was based on hydrology and vegetation data. The majority of Wetland E had standing water at the surface with some areas appearing in excess of 2-feet deep. A staff gage was installed in 1995 to monitor water levels in 1995 and 1996 (Aspect 2009). At the time of the survey, the water level was around 0 foot; however, there were indications that the high water line on the gage exceeded 3.5 feet. It is not known if this device was installed relative to any fixed position, but it does provide details on the storage capacity ofthe wetland. Wetland hydrology was not observed in the upland plot. Two sample plots were established as part of Wetland E: SPIWet and SPIUp (Appendices A, C, and D). SPIWet contained indicators ofhydrophytic vegetation and wetland hydrology. The upland plot lacked any indications of hydrophytic vegetation or wetland hydrology. Nineteen flags were used to identify the Wetland E boundary (Appendix A). 3.2.6 Wetland F Wetland F is a small 0.1 I-acre (546-sf) lake-fringe and slope wetland that contains LSS and LEM habitat (Figure 7; Appendix A). The entire boundary of Wetland F was delineated within the study area. Wetland F is associated with Lake Washington (Photographs I and 2 in Appendix F) and is located in the center of the study area, immediately west of Wetland C. Wetland vegetation is dominated by red alder, Pacific willow, soft rush, and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea). Dominant buffer vegetation includes Japanese knotweed and Himalayan blackberry (Photograph 3 in Appendix F). Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Tenninals 23 DWT 18418622v3 00326Y5-000004 july20J] 06()(}59-0l Wetland Delineation Although Wetland F is a very small wetland, wildlife use in the wetland and buffer was evident through several physical indicators such as shell and crustacean middens, forage snags, waterfowl droppings, beaver forage marks, and mammal tunnels in the dense vegetation. There was also evidence ofrecent turtle use (wet log) of a partially submerged log at the edge of the wetland bordering the lake. No wildlife was observed in the wetland or its buffer during field investigations. Half of the wetland perimeter is along Lake Washington, offering a transition from an open water habitat to a wetland to a vegetated upland. Movement of wildlife from the upland habitat to the wetland to the lake appears unobstructed and may offer migration, forage, shelter, and breeding opportunities for specific species of amphibians, waterfowl, and mammals. The actual wetland is so small that habitat function associated with the wetland may be reduced as an area for migration, forage, shelter, and breeding. Soils in the wetland plot included dark grayish-brown (2.5Y 4/2) sand with yellowish brown (lOYR S/6) mottles to 6 inches deep (Appendix D). Below about 6 inches, dark gray (2.5Y 411) sand with dark yellowish-brown (lOYR 4/6) mottles was observed in the matrix. Soil pits in the upland plot were not excavated in Wetland F because ofthe presence of contamination. Wetland hydrology was evident with free-standing water in the sample plot within about 10 inches of the surface. Wetland hydrology was not observed in the upland plot. Two sample plots were established as part of Wetland F: SPIWet and SPIUp (Appendices A, C, and D). SPIWet contained indicators ofhydrophytic vegetation, wetland hydrology, and hydric soils. The upland plot lacked hydrophytic vegetation and any indication of wetland hydrology. Soils were not examined in the upland plot. Four flags were used to identifY the Wetland F boundary (Appendix A). 3.2.7 WetlandG Wetland G is a small, approximately O.OS-acre (2,198-sf) depressional wetland (Figure 7; Appendix A). It is thought that Wetland G was excavated as part of construction of berms to direct tar on the site into Wetland B (Aspect 2009). The wetland is narrow and ditch-like Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Qpendall Tenninals 24 DWT 18418621v3 0032695-000004 July 2011 060059-01 Wetland Delineation and at one time conveyed stormwater to Wetland B, but has since been separated by a compacted dirt road separating the two (no culverts were found) (Figure 7). During prolonged rain events, Wetland G likely fills to capacity and sheetflows into Wetland B. Wetland G is positioned in the landscape approximately 2 to 4 feet below the rest of the study area. Wetland G contains PSS and PFO habitat. Wetland vegetation is dominated by black cottonwood, Pacific willow, and Himalayan blackberry, with an isolated patch of emergent vegetation. Dominant wetland buffer vegetation includes black cottonwood, black twinberry, and Himalayan blackberry (Figure 4; Photographs 7 and 8 in Appendix F). Based on aerial photography, it appears that more than half of the current areas adjacent to Wetland G are or have been maintained as transportation routes (roads) or staging areas (log storage). Appendix H provides a historic aerial photo from 1990 that shows log storage and roads present in the current location of Wetland G. These areas, aside from one existing road to the west, have now become overgrown with upland invasive plants such as Scot's broom, Japanese knotweed, and Himalayan blackberry. Physical evidence of wildlife use in Wetland G was limited possibly due to the wetland's long and narrow shape. Wildlife observed in the wetland and its buffer includes northwest crow, song sparrow, and black-capped chickadee. The narrow scrub-shrub habitat and small patches of young forest buffer habitat offer wildlife a possible corridor of cover/shelter along or through the wetland. This wetland and buffer habitat extends further east than any other wetland at the project site and overlaps with the buffer from Wetland B, creating a corridor to Lake Washington. Due to the narrow shape of the wetland, migration, forage, shelter, and breeding near or in these areas may be limited for many species. Contaminated soil and sediments in this wetland may limit the quality, use, and function of these habitats and corridors. Because of the presence of contamination in the study area, soil pits were not excavated in Wetland G. The wetland determination for each plot was based on hydrology and vegetation data. Wetland G is a narrow, ditch-like wetland that primarily receives stormwater runoff from the study area and direct precipitation. Standing water was present in much ofthe wetland. The upland plot did not display any wetland hydrology indicators. Wedand and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 25 DWT 1841862h3 0032695-000004 July 2011 060059-01 Wetland Delineation Two sample plots were established as part of Wetland G: SPIWet and SPIUp (Appendices A, C, and D). SPIWet contained indicators ofhydrophytic vegetation and wetland hydrology. The upland plot contained indicators of hydrophytic vegetation but lacked wetland hydrology. Eighteen flags were used to identify the Wetland G boundary (Appendix A). 3.2.8 WetlandH Wetland H is an approximately O.OI-acre (Sll-sf) slope and depressional wetland located on the southern edge of the study area along the property boundary (Figure 7; Appendix A). Like many of the other features described in this report, Wetland H was constructed as a stormwater feature to control stormwater. Work was conducted in January 2006 to control silt and wood debris from flowing into Lake Washington. Wetland H was excavated in January 2006 to clean out the ditch along the southern portion of the site. Four rock check dams were placed in the cleared ditch at approximately 2S-foot intervals to allow for sediment and wood debris control. Although Wetland H contains wetland indicators, it is located in an area that was excavated to function as stormwater conveyance off the site and into Lake Washington. Wetland H is positioned in the landscape approximately 2 to 4 feet below the rest of the study area and contains PFO, PSS, and PEM habitats (Figure 2; Photographs 9 and 10 in Appendix F). It is adjacent to a IS-foot-tall engineered concrete block wall, which is the boundary line between the project site and the newly developed parcel to the south. The low area extends along the concrete block wall and develops more ditch -like characteristics near Wetland H and Lake Washington. Wetland vegetation is dominated by mature black cottonwood, red alder, Pacific willow, and Himalayan blackberry. Dominant wetland buffer vegetation includes reed canarygrass and Himalayan blackberry. Effectively, the wetland only has two-thirds of its buffer. Wildlife use of Wetland H and its buffer may be increased by the presence of an adjacent concrete wall south of the wetland. Species traveling south or north may follow the wall until they reach the shoreline, effectively routing them through Wetland H or its buffer. Several physical indicators of wildlife presence within the wetland and the buffer were observed: woodpecker cavities, stick nests, forage snags, and beaver forage marks. Wildlife observed in the wetland and its buffer includes black-capped chickadee, song sparrow, Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Te17I1inals 26 DWT 1841862],30032695-000004 July 2011 060059-01 Wetland Delineation spotted towhee, Downy woodpecker, and northwest crow. The entire area from the open water habitat of Lake Washington to the west, through the wetland, to the upland buffer is fully vegetated and may provide good shelter as well as a migration path for wildlife. Movement of wildlife from the buffer to the wetland to the lake, or back, may offer healthy migration, forage, shelter, and breeding opportunities for specific species of amphibians, waterfowl, and mammals. A single soil pit in the wetland was excavated and photographed in Wetland H; however, because of the presence of contamination in the study area, the soils were not handled and no information was recorded. The wetland determination for each plot was based on hydrology and vegetation data. Wetland H is a narroW ditch-like wetland that primarily receives stormwater runoff from the study area and direct precipitation. Adjacent to the wetland is another, smaller constructed stormwater feature that also collects stormwater from portions ofthe site. This feature sits at a higher elevation than Wetland H and conveys stormwater from an adjacent ditch through a culvert to the eastern extent of the wetland. Flowing water was present during the survey. The upland plot did not display indications of wetland hydrology. Two sample plots were established as part of Wetland H: SPlWet and SPIUp (Appendices A, C, and D). SPIWet contained indicators ofhydrophytic vegetation and wetland hydrology. The upland sample plot lacked indicators of wetland vegetation and hydrology. 3.2.9 Wetland I Wetland 1 is an approximately 0.D5-acre (2,358-sf) depressional wetland located on the small portion of the property across Lake Washington Boulevard (Figure 7; Appendix A). Like many of the other features described in this report, Wetland I is a result of land surface manipulation and road construction. Wetland 1 is positioned in the landscape between 1-405 and Lake Washington Boulevard where it receives stormwater runoff from adjacent impervious surfaces. The wetland contains PSS and PEM habitats (Figure 2; Photograph 15 in Appendix F) and all habitats are dominated by Japanese knotweed. Wetland vegetation is either stunted or dying adjacent to or under the thick canopy of Japanese knorweed. Dominant wetland buffer vegetation includes Himalayan blackberry and Pacific willow. Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 27 DWT 1841861],30032695-000004 July 2011 060059-01 Wetland Delineation Physical evidence of wildlife use in Wetland I was limited possibly because of its location between 1-405 and Lake Washington Boulevard or because there is a Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) right-of-way fence bordering the wetland to the east. Also, the wetland is dominated by Japanese knotweed, which has created a monoculture habitat with no herbaceous layer and limited species diversity. Due to the narrow shape of the wetland, the presence of the fence and roads, and the abundance of Japanese knotweed, migration, forage, shelter, and breeding near or in these areas may be limited for many species. Soils in the wetland plot included very dark brown loam (lOYR 3/1) in the top 6 inches (Appendix D). Between 6 and 12 inches, a dark gray (lOYR 3/2) loam with brownish-red (2.5YR 4/6) mottles was observed in the matrix. Below 12 inches was a dark red (5YR 4/2) sandy loam matrix with two distinct mottles (lOYR 6/9 and 2.5y 4/2). Soil pits in the upland plot were dark brown silty loam (lOYR 3/3) to 8 inches. From 8 to 18 inches, the same matrix (lOYR 3/3) was present with strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles . . Wetland I is a narrow ditch-like wetland that primarily receives stormwater runoff from the adjacent roads and direct precipitation. The western edge of the wetland appears to undergo seasonal mowing or cutting to maintain the roadway and clearance for overhead power lines. A WSDOT fence bisects the southeastern edge of the wetland so the full extent of the wetland is unknown, but it appears that the only a small portion remained undelineated. Two sample plots were established as part of Wetland I: SPIWet and SPIUp (Appendices A, C, and D). The wetland plot contained indicators of hydrophytic vegetation, soils, and hydrology. The upland sample plot lacked indicators of wetland vegetation, soils, and hydrology. 3.2.10 Wetland) The full size of Wetland J is undetermined but may be approximately 0.05 acre (Figure 7; Appendix A). The wetland is a slope and depressional wetland located on the eastern edge of the portion of the study area on the east side of Lake Washington Boulevard. Only a small portion of the wetland extends onto the parcel, with the majority of the wetland extending Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 28 Dwr 18418622,] 0032695-000004 ju/y2011 060059-01 Wetland Delineation off the parcel into the WSDOT 1-405 right-of-way. Like many of the other features described in this report, Wetland J was partially constructed and manipulated to convey stormwater from a WSDOT stormwater pond to another waterbody (Gypsy Creek). Wetland J is positioned in the landscape running north to south along the parcel boundary. The wetland contains PSS and PEM habitats (Figure 2; Photograph 14 in Appendix F). Wetland vegetation is dominated by red alder, reed canarygrass, and Himalayan blackberry. Dominant wetland buffer vegetation includes Himalayan blackberry. Physical evidence of wildlife use in Wetland J was limited possibly because its proximity to 1-405, Lake Washington Boulevard, and a WSDOT right-of-way fence bordering the wetland on most of its eastern boundary. Like Wetland I, Wetland J is dominated by two invasive plant species, Himalayan blackberry and reed canarygrass, which have created a monoculture habitat with no native herbaceous layer and no possibility for tree saplings to grow. Because of the proximity of the fence and roads, as well as dense invasive plants, migration, forage, shelter, and breeding near or in these areas may be limited. Soils in the wetland plot have a dense 3-inch-thick layer of root mat from reed canarygrass. Below the root mat to 18 inches is a very dark silty loam (lOYR 3/1). The upland soil plot was similarly consistent with a dark brownish-red (lOYR 4/2) silty loam. Wetland J has both slope and depressional characteristics throughout. The wetland primarily receives stormwater runoff from the WSDOT right-of-way. Approximately 50 feet to the north of the delineated portion of the wetland is Gypsy Creek. Because of recent stream improvements and culverts on Gypsy Creek, Wetland J does not appear to receive any flood waters from Gypsy Creek. Two sample plots were established as part of Wetland J: SPIWet and SPIUp (Appendices A, C, and D). The wetland plot contained indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and wetland hydrology. The upland sample plot lacked indicators of wetland vegetation and hydrology. 3.3 Regulatory Framework As stated above, this report assumes regulatory interpretations that will result in a post- remediation condition that would allow the greatest area for redevelopment based on the Wetland and Ordinazy High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Tenninals 29 DWT 18418622\'3 0032695-000004 July 2011 060059-01 Wetland Delineation 1983 City of Renton's Shoreline Management Plan and Appendix E of the DEIS. Guidance from USFWS, Ecology, and the City was used to determine the wetland classifications. Information and excerpts from the specific guidance language are provided below. 3.3.1 USFWS Classification The wetlands identified in the study area have been classified using the system developed by Cowardin et al. (1979) for use in the N\VI. Table 3 lists the USFWS classifications for the wetlands and their connections to surface waters. Table 3 USFWS Wetland Classifications and Connections to Surface Water Wetland A B C D E F G H I J Notes: PFO -Palustrine forested PSS -Palustrine scrub-shrub PEM -Palustrine emergent POW -Palustrine open water USFWS Classification Connection to Surface Water LFO, LSS, & LEM Associated with Lake Washington PSS, POW, PEM, and PFO Not associated to surface water PSS& POW Not associated to surface water LFO, LSS, & LEM Associated with Lake Washington PSS & PFO Not associated to surface water LSS & LEM Associated with Lake Washington PSS& POW Not associated to surface water PFO, PSS, & PEM Associated with Lake Washington PSS Not associated to surface water PSS & PEM Flows to adjacent stream LFO -Lacustrine forested LSS -Lacustrine scrub-shrub LEM -Lacustrine emergent 3.3.2 Ecology Rating, Classification, and Functions and Values Scores The wetlands identified in the study area have been rated using Ecology's Washington State Wetland Rating System -Western Washington: Revised (Ecology 2004) and Wetland Rating Form -Western Washington: Rensed(Ecology 2006). As pan ofthe rating process, an examination of the soil is required for depressional wetlands to determine if "2 inches below the surface (or dufflayer) is clay or organic." Although soil plots were not collected in all upland depressional wetlands (constructed stormwater features) due to the presence of Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report QuendalJ Terminals 30 DWT 18418622,] 0032695-000004 July 2011 060059-01 Wetland Delineation contamination, observations from other soil plots throughout the site and soil series maps suggest no soils were clay or organic. Table 4 lists the wetland ratings and classifications. Water quality, hydrologic, and habitat functional values are shown in Table 5. A summary of the wetland rating scores and the Ecology Wetland Rating forms are included in Appendix E. Table 4 Summary of Wetland Classes and Rating Scores Using Ecology Wetlands Rating System Hydrogeomorphic Wetland Area (acres) Classification Wetland A 0.08 Slope/Lake Fringe Wetland B 0.14 Depressional Wetland C 0.03 Depressional Wetland D 0.38 Slope/Lake Fringe Wetland E 0.11 Depressional Wetland F 0.01 Slope/Lake Fringe Wetland G 0.05 Depressional Wetland H 0.01 Slope Wetland I 0.05 Depressional Wetland J 0.05' Depressiona I/Slope Note: 'Full extent of Wetland J is undetermined due to right-of-way crossing. Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report QJ1endall Terminals 31 DWT 18418622>3 0032695-000004 State Rati ng (Ecology) III III IV II III III III IV III III July 2011 060059-01 Wetland Delineation Table S Summary of Functions and Values Wetland Rating Scores Water Quality Water Hydrologic Hydrologic Habitat Habitat Functions Quality Functions Functions Functions Functions Total Potential Opportunity Potential Opportunity Potential Opportunity Functions Wetland Score (Yes/No) Score (Yes/No) Score Score Score 1 Total No= 1 No= 1 Maximum 16 16 18 18 72 Score Yes = 2 Yes =2 A 6 2 4 2 9 11 40 B 2 2 12 2 6 8 42 C 2 2 8 2 a 6 26 D 9 2 6 2 12 12 54 E 7 2 12 2 7 5 50 F 6 2 4 2 6 9 35 G 9 2 8 2 4 7 45 H 3 2 3 2 7 6 25 I 9 2 8 2 3 6 43 J 7 2 5 2 8 6 38 Note: 1-Calculated as (Water Quality Functions Potential Score times Water Quality Opportunity Score) plus (Hydrologic Functions Potential Score times Hydrologic Functions Opportunity Score) plus Habitat Functions Potential Score plus Habitat Functions Opportunity Score Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 32 DWT 18418622v3 O()32695-00()()04 July 2011 060059-01 Wetland Delineation 3.3.3 City of Renton Wetland Classification Guidance Wetlands were also rated according to City wetland rating criteria in the RMC (City of Renton 2009). The City classifies wetlands into three categories (Category 1, Category 2, and Category 3) based on the City critical areas regulations. Appropriate wetland buffers have been identified according to the current RMC (City of Renton 2009). City ratings and buffer widths are provided in Table 6. Table 6 City of Renton Wetland Ratings and Standard Buffer Distance Study Area Size State Rating Local Rating Buffer Width Wetlands (acres) (Ecology) (City of Renton) (feet) Wetland A 0.08 III 2 SO feet Wetland B 0.14 III 1 100 feet Wetland ( 0.03 IV 3 25 feet Wetland D 0.38 II 2 50 feet Wetland E 0.11 III 1 100 feet Wetland F 0.01 III 2 50 feet Wetland G 0.05 III 3 25 feet' Wetland H 0.01 IV 3 25 feet Wetland I 0.05 III 3 25 feet Wetland J 0.05' III 3 25 feet Total 0.89 Notes: 1-Wetland G is exempt from City of Renton critical area requirements based on the criteria in RMC 4-3-050 (Slf), as discussed in Section 3.5. 2 -Full extent of Wetland J is undetermined due to right-of-way crossing. 3.4 Wetland Functions and Values Summary In general, wetlands in the study area provide many functions including water quality improvements, floodwater storage, groundwater recharge, and wildlife habitat. The wetlands in the study area can be divided into two categories: wetlands that are constructed stormwater features and wetlands that are naturally occurring. The constructed stormwater features generally display a higher opportunity to provide hydrologic function than naturally occurring wetlands, given their storage capacities to control flow during large storm events. Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 33 DWT 18418622v3 0032695-000004 July 2011 060059-01 Wetland Delineation However, the constructed storm water features also display generally low to moderate opportunity and potential to provide habitat value and opportunity to provide water quality value. The naturally occurring wetlands on the main parcel (Wetlands A, D, and F) are all slope and lake-fringe wetlands and provide moderate potential and opportunity to provide habitat function; however, given the nature of lake-fringe wetlands, they provide only low to moderate potential to provide water quality and hydrologic functions. The functional values of wetlands in the study area were rated according to the most current version of the Ecology Washington State Wedands Rating System -Western Washington: Revised (Ecology 2004). Based on the rating scores, the overall functions of each ofthe three wetland rating categories of water quality, hydrologic, and wildlife habitat are rated as low (less than 34 percent of the maximum possible score), moderate (34 percent to 67 percent of the maximum possible score), or high (greater than 68 percent ofthe maximum possible score). Overall, the majority of wetlands in the study area have low to moderate water quality, hydrologic, and wildlife habitat function scores. Few ofthe wetlands have high hydrologic function scores and none of the wetlands have high water quality or habitat function scores. Of the ten wetlands in the study area, six were identified as depressional wetlands, three were identified as lake fringe wetlands, and one was identified as a slope wetland. Ecology wetland rating forms are provided in Appendix E. A summary of the wetland classes and functions and values rating scores is provided in Table 5. Wetland acreage also affects function. No wetland in the study area is larger than 1 acre. Because large wetlands have more capacity for capturing storm water flows, improving water quality, and providing a variety of habitats for wildlife, they are more likely to provide beneficial functions than smaller wetlands. Water quality, hydrologic, and habitat functional values for wetlands in the study area are described below. For each function category, the wetlands' opportunity to provide that function is described first and the wetlands' potential to provide that function is described thereafter. Wetland buffers are areas of land surrounding a wetland boundary that protect wetlands from the effects of adjacent land use. Buffers help wetlands function by filtering storm runoff from surrounding developments, trapping sediment, absorbing nutrients, attenuating high flows, and providing wildlife habitat. Buffers also physically separate wetlands from developed areas in order to lessen noise, light, chemical pollution, and other associated Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 34 DWT 18418622v3 0032695-000004 July 2011 060059-01 Wetland Delineation human-related disturbances. Most of the wetlands in the study area are adjacent to some disturbed habitat, roadway, or compacted dirt roads. With the exception ofthe three lake- fringe wetlands in the study area, wetland buffer habitat is generally of low quality and typically includes compacted dirt and roads, and is nearly devoid of vegetation. The buffers associated with each wetland, per local codes, are detailed in Table 6. 3.4.1 Water Quality Functions All of the wetlands in the study area provide opportunities to improve water quality, to varying degrees, primarily because their location in an urban environment allows the opportunity for water quality improvement. Three of the ten wetlands in the study area have a low potential (less than 34 percent of the maximum possible score) to improve water quality. This low score was observed in three of the five constructed stormwater features, which have characteristics of intermittent flowing or highly constricted surface outlets, and contain permanently ponded water, precluding cyclic changes between oxic and anoxic conditions. The remaining seven wetlands have moderate potential (34 to 67 percent ofthe maximum possible score) to improve water quality. None of the wetlands has a high potential to improve water quality (greater than 68 percent of the maximum possible score). Additionally, the moderate score is also due to the nature oflake-fringe wetlands (Wetlands A, D, F), which have a maximum score of only 12 for water quality function instead of the maximum of 16 that other wetland types have. This is because lake-fringe wetlands typically do not improve water quality to the same extent that riverine or depressional wetlands do, because of lower denitrification rates, and because of the fact that any pollutants taken up in plant material will be more easily released into the water column when the plants die off (Ecology 2006). Wetlands with moderate or high scores typically have characteristics such as organic soils, a high proportion of wetland area with seasonal ponding, or dense vegetation to restrict flow through the wetland. 3.4.2 Hydrologic Functions All of the wetlands in the study area provide opportunities to reduce flooding and erosion to varying degrees. Four of the ten wetlands in the study area have a low potential (less than 34 percent of the maximum possible score) to reduce flooding and erosion. The low scores for potential hydrologic functions are due to a lack of natural surface water outlets, ponding features, and the types of vegetation necessary to reduce surface flows. Four of the wetlands Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 35 DWT J8418621v3 0032695-000004 July 2011 060059-01 Wetland Delineation have moderate potential (34 percent to 67 percent of the maximum possible score) to improve hydrologic functions. The remaining two wetlands, Wetlands C and E, have high potential to improve hydrologic functions (greater than 68 percent ofthe maximum possible score). Wetlands with moderate or high scores typically have characteristics such as a highly constricted outlets or significant water storage depths during wet periods. 3.4.3 Habitat Functions Habitat function of the study area wetlands is further defined by their Cowardin classifications (forested, scrub-shrub, emergent, and aquatic bed). Two wetlands are classified as scrub-shrub and open water system; one wetland includes scrub-shrub and forested systems; two wetlands include scrub-shrub and emergent systems; three wetlands include forested, scrub-shrub, and emergent systems (see Table 2); and three wetlands include forested, scrub-shrub, emergent, and open water systems (see Table 3). Wetlands with mixed classifications are generally of higher value than wetlands with a single classification. Three of the ten wetlands have a low opportunity (less than 34 percent of the maximum possible score) to provide habitat for many species. The low score for habitat opportunity is due to the characteristics of the wetland buffers and the overall lack of quality habitat conditions near or adjacent to the wetlands. The remaining seven wetlands have a moderate score (34 to 67 percent of the maximum possible score), and none of the wetlands has a high score (greater than 68 percent of the maximum possible score). Wetlands with moderate or high scores typically have characteristics such as a several Cowardin vegetation classes, several hydroperiods, high habitat interspersion, or the presence of special habitat features. Six of the ten wetlands have a low potential (less than 34 percent of the maximum possible score) to provide habitat for many species. The low score for habitat functions is due to the general lack of vegetative structure, hydroperiods, plant richness, habitat diversity, and special habitat features, especially characteristic of Wetland C, which received a score of O. The remaining four wetlands have a moderate potential score (34 to 67 percent of the maximum possible score). Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report QiIendali Terminals 36 DWT 1841862],30032695-000004 /uly2011 060059-01 Wetland Delineation 3.5 Exempt Wetlands Wetland G is exempt from any activity affecting these wetlands. as described in RMC 4-3- 050 C5(f). It is a hydrologically isolated Category 3 wetland smaller than 2.200 sf. Standing water does not appear to be present in sufficient amounts to support breeding amphibians (i.e .• less than approximately 12 inches in water depth from approximately December through May). No species are listed by federal or state government agencies as endangered or threatened. and the presence of essential habitat for those species is not present. Any impacts to Wetland G for cleanup activities will be mitigated for hydrologic and water quality functions. As shown in Table 5. hydrologic and water quality function is provided at a moderate level for Wetland G. Although Wetlands C. F. and H are smaller than 2.200 sf. they do not meet the exemption criteria in RMC. Wetlands F and H are not hydrologically isolated due to their proximity to Lake Washington. Wetland C has sufficient water depths in the winter to potentially provide amphibian breeding habitat. but the presence of contamination in Wetland C limits the habitat quality. However. Wetland C was constructed for stormwater treatment in 2006. as described in Section 3.6.1, and is not expected to be regulated by the City of Renton. 3.6 Constructed Storm water Features Five wetlands in the study area were apparently constructed as part of historic site activities in an attempt to control storm water on the site during large storm events. and to avoid disruption to the log storage operation that has since been abandoned. Based on recent aerial photographs (Appendix H), site history, and other references. Wetlands B. C, G. and H were constructed to manage stormwater or control spills associated with site activities. Historic construction of each of these features influences the regulatory status as determined by the City and EPA. Wetland E is thought to have developed from changes to recent stormwater drainage on the site based on the fact that it did not qualify as a wetland during the 1997 David Evans and Associates wetland delineation conducted on the site (Appendix G). 3.6.1 Excavated Features from the 19705 Wetland B was excavated in the early 1970s as a retention pond to control tar from flowing into the lake (King County Metro 1972). It is thought that Wetland G was also excavated at Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 37 DWT 184!8622d 0032695-000004 July 2011 060059-01 Wetland Delineation the same time as part of construction of berms to direct tar on the site into Wetland B (Aspect 2009). Wetland B continues to provide stormwater retention for the Site. 3.6.2 Best Management Practices Implementation -2006 Work was conducted in January 2006 to implement best management practices to control silt and wood debris from flowing into Lake Washington. Work was conducted in the ditch along the southern property boundary (Wetland H) and in the area of Wetlands Band C. The work was conducted as recommended by Ecology to control potential sources of contamination from entering Lake Washington (Phoinix 2006). The entirety of Wetland C was constructed in January 2006 to prevent stormwater from flowing into Lake Washington (Phoinix 2006). An earthen berm was also constructed along the southern portion of Wetland C. Check dams were installed to control turbid water and floating debris. Wetland C was constructed in an upland area that did not contain wetland indicators, based on the fact that Wetland C was not identified during a wetland delineation conducted by David Evans and Associates in 1997 (Appendix G). Work was also completed on Wetland B to improve stormwater flow conditions in 2006. Along the north side of Wetland B, an outfall was excavated to create a stable outlet for stormwater into Lake Washington (Phoinix 2006). Wetland H was excavated in January 2006 as part of best management practices to clean out the ditch along the southern portion of the site. Four rock check dams were placed in the cleared ditch at approximately 25-foot intervals to allow for sediment and wood debris control. Although Wetland H contains wetland indicators, it is located in an area that was excavated to function as stormwater conveyance off the site and into Lake Washington. Wetland H also was not identified during the 1997 wetland delineation (Appendix G). 3.6.3 Anticipated Regulatory Status Wetlands B, C, G, and H may not be subject to City of Renton Critical Area regulations based on the history of their construction. According to RMC 4-11-230, "wetlands do not include those artificial wetlands intentionally created for purposes other than wetland mitigation, including, but not limited to ... drainage ditches, grass-lined swales, canals, detention Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 38 DWT 18418622,] 0032695·000004 July 2011 060059-01 Wetland Delineation facilities, wastewater treatment facilities." Wetlands B, C, G, and H all were excavated from upland areas to manage spills or stormwater runoff. Excavation of Wetlands Band G occurred in the 1970s. Excavation and construction of Wetlands C and H occurred in 2006. At that time, nearly the entire Site was being used for log storage and associated activities, as documented in the 1990 aerial photo (Appendix H). In addition, Wetland G is exempt from City of Renton Critical Area regulations, provided that mitigation for hydrologic and water quality functions is provided for any impacts to the wetland. EPA may not choose to regulate Wetlands B, C, E, G, H, I, and J as waters of the U.S. based on their proximiry to known waters of the U.S. (e.g., Lake Washington or Gypsy Creek). They may be determined to be isolated from waters of the U.S. and therefore not regulated, pending EPA's evaluation. Although wetland jurisdictional determinations are generally conducted by the Corps, impacts to these wetlands will occur as a result of a cleanup action under Superfund and are therefore regulated by EPA. Other wetlands along the shoreline, including Wetlands A, F, and D, are expected to be regulated as waters of the U.S. because they abut Lake Washington. 3.7 Wetland Delineation and Typing Limitations Wetland identification is an inexact science and differences of professional opinion often occur berween trained individuals. Final determinations for wetland boundaries and typing concurrence or adjustment needs are the responsibility of the regulating resource agency. Wetlands are, by definition, transitional areas; their boundaries can be altered by changes in hydrology or land use. In addition, the definition of jurisdictional wetlands may change. If a physical change occurs in the basin or 5 years pass before the proposed project is undertaken, another wetland survey should be conducted. The results and conclusions expressed herein represent Anchor QEA's professional judgment based on the information available. No other warranty, expressed or implied, is made. Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 39 DWT /84/8622v3 0032695-000004 July 2011 060059-01 Lake Washington OHWM Delineation and Lake Study 4 LAKE WASHINGTON OHWM DELINEATION AND LAKE STUDY Anchor QEA ecologists identified and delineated the OHWM of approximately 1,400 feet of Lake Washington within the study area between the neighboring parcels to the north and south. Habitat features of these two channels are described in the following sections. The result of the OHWM delineation is shown on Figure 7 and in Appendix B. 4.1 Lake Washington OHWM Delineation Methods To document the Lake Washington OHWM within the study area, Anchor QEA ecologists reviewed existing information (described in Section 1.1), performed an aerial photograph analysis, and conducted site visits on April 23 and 30, and May 6, 2009. The OHWM delineation was completed by walking the lake shoreline beginning at the south end of the study area and moving north. Photographs were also taken to document OHWM conditions (Photographs 11, 12, and 13 in Appendix F). During the site visits, the OHWM of the entire length within the study area was identified and flagged. The OHWM boundary was marked with pin flags and later surveyed by a professional surveyor. Anchor QEA ecologists identified the stream OHWM boundary consistent with Chapter 90.58 of the Revised Code of Washington (RCW) and Chapter 173-22 ofthe WAC. The WAC defines the OHWM as: '''Ordinary high water line' means the mark on the shores of all waters that will be found by examining the bed and banks and ascertaining where the presence and action of waters are so common and usual and so long continued in ordinary years, as to mark upon the soil or vegetation a character distinct from that of the abutting upland: Provided, that in any area where the ordinary high water line cannot be found the ordinary high water line adjoining saltwater shall be the line of mean higher high water and the ordinary high water line adjoining freshwater shall be the elevation ofthe mean annual flood." Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 40 DW]' 18418622v3 0032695-000004 July 2011 06()(}59-OJ Lake Washington OHWM Delineation and Lake Study 4.2 Lake Washington OHWM Delineation Results Anchor QEA ecologists identified and delineated the OHWM of approximately 1,400 feet of Lake Washington within the study area between the neighboring parcels to the north and south. This included the placement of 43 pin flags installed at all meandering locations of the shoreline. Additionally, the OHWM was coincident with Wetlands A, D, and F and formed the western boundary of each of those wetlands. The OHWM is shown on Figure 7. Detailed flag locations are shown on drawings in Appendix B. Overall, the southern half of the study area contained an OHWM that was clearly defined by an armored shoreline consisting of large boulders. The northern half was not as clearly defined, with a gradual transition from the upland to the water as well as former pier structures and large floating logs along the lake's edge. This half of the property was delineated using the investigators' best professional judgment and based on parameters set forth in Chapter 90.58 of the RCW and Chapter 173-22 of the WAC (Photographs 12 through 14 in Appendix F). Water depth during the investigation adjacent to the OHWM ranged from about 4 inches to more than 3 feet deep. 4.3 Lake Study According to RMC 4-3-090, and consistent with Washington State Administrative Code (WAC 173-26-251 and RCW 90.58.030(2)(e)), Lake Washington is classified as a Shoreline of Statewide Significance, meaning "lakes, whether natural, artificial, or a combination thereof, with a surface acreage of one thousand acres or more measured at the ordinary high water mark," and thus subject to the local jurisdiction's SMA. The SMA governs the use and development of shorelines in Washington State for responsible shoreline development with environmental protection and public access. Subsequent activities along the shoreline will include remediation of hazardous substances in lake sediments and/or in the upland portions of the Site, as directed by EPA. The sediment and upland cleanup is being performed under Superfund. All substantive provisions of City regulatory requirements will be met by the cleanup remedy selected by EPA. Additional information on the existing lake conditions will be included in the RI. Details on each of the remedial alternatives considered will be included in the FS. Previous information on the Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 41 DWT 18418622v3 0032695-000004 July 2011 060059-01 Lake Washington OHWM Delineation and Lake Study aquatic habitat conditions is included in Appendix G. A summary of known fish species present is described below. 4.3.1 Fish Species Presence During the surveys, no fish were observed along the lakeshore of the study area; however, the Salmon and Steelhead Habitat Limiting Factors Repon for WRIA 8 identifies five salmonid species that use Lake Washington, and could reasonably be expected to occur along the propeny: sockeye, coho, Chinook, coastal cutthroat, and rainbow/steelhead trout (Kerwin 2001). Anadromous forms of each of these species are present, so individuals are present in the lake both as adults during migrations to spawning grounds and as juveniles. Sockeye are known to spawn along some beaches of the lake while there are unconfirmed repons of Chinook spawning in littoral areas of the lake. Non-anadromous forms of winter steelhead (rainbow trout), sockeye (kokanee), and cutthroat also occur in the lake. Resident rainbow trout spend their entire life in Lake Washington. Non-anadromous coastal cutthroat trout also occur in Lake Washington and are much more abundant than the anadromous form (Nowak 2000). Other non-anadromous species expected to occur near the study area include: longfin smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys), sticklebacks (Gasterosteus spp.), and dace (Leuciscus spp.). Non- native freshwater species known to occur in Lake Washington, and likely found near the study area include: black crappie (Pomoxis mgromaculatus), bluegill (Lepomis macrocheilus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieUl), tench (Tinca tinca), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Qpendall Terminals 42 OWl' 18418621v3 ()032695-0()O()04 July 2011 060059-0] Shoreline Restoration Plan 5 SHORELINE RESTORATION PLAN This report provides a conceptual shoreline restoration plan for purposes of the redevelopment process. A shoreline restoration plan will be developed as part of the EPAlNRD process and may be different than the conceptual restoration plan developed in this report. This report assumes regulatory interpretations that will result in a post- remediation condition that would allow the greatest area for redevelopment based on the 1983 City of Renton's Shoreline Management Plan and Appendix E of the DEIS. 5.1 Introduction and Purpose This section presents a conceptual shoreline restoration plan to create significant net ecological functional improvement to the Lake Washington shoreline, riparian buffer, and wetlands and associated buffers. This conceptual plan is intended to offset impacts resulting from prospective Site remediation efforts (e.g., soil removal and replacement with clean fill and/or capping) related to hazardous substances as may be present in lake sediments and in the upland portions of the Site. The goal of this plan is to identify post-remediation conditions that would allow the greatest area for redevelopment based on the 1983 City of Renton's Shoreline Management Plan and Appendix E ofthe DEIS. All wetland impacts at the Site are anticipated to occur as a result of CERCLA remediation. Because the sediment and upland cleanup is being performed under CERCLA, all substantive provisions of City regulatory requirements will be met by the cleanup remedy selected by EPA. Specific details on remedial alternatives and resulting mitigation/restoration be included in the Record of Decision anticipated to be released by EPA in 2014. Once Site remediation is completed under CERCLA, the remaining wetlands will not be impacted by the planned redevelopment. This conceptual shoreline restoration plan provides the City with information on the wetlands to be impacted as part of the cleanup and/or the potential natural resource damages settlement, and provides some general information on the types of mitigation that will occur, all subject to development of the final remedial alternative and mitigation/restoration plan developed as part of the ROD and any NRD settlement. There are no anticipated wetland impacts from the planned redevelopment and therefore no mitigation is required as part of Site redevelopment. Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 43 DWT 18418622v3 0032695·000004 July 2011 06(}(}59-01 Shoreline Restoration Plan For purpose of this report, it is assumed that any cleanup decision by EPA will result in impacts to Wetlands B, C, E, F, and G, and portions of Wetlands A and D. In general, projects with wetland impacts can only occur after it can be demonstrated that impacts to wetlands cannot be avoided, that impacts have been minimized to the greatest extent possible, and finally after adequate mitigation is provided. However, the cleanup will likely be ordered by EPA to address hazardous substance contamination on the Site that will result . in unavoidable wetland impacts. For purposes of this report and based on existing information on Site contamination, Wetlands H, I, and J, and portions of Wetlands A and D are not anticipated to be impacted by remediation actions. This conceptual shoreline restoration plan is intended to update the Mitigation Analysis Memorandum completed for the Quendall and Baxter properties in 2000 (AESI 2000). That memorandum was prepared to address cleanup-related impacts to wetlands and the lake shoreline when investigation and cleanup of the site were being conducted under Washington's Model Toxics Control Act (MTCA). That document was prepared for the City of Renton and Vulcan Northwest, and was developed with input from WDFW, Ecology, WDNR, the Corps, and the Muckleshoot Indian Tribe, among others. Mitigation as a result of cleanup and development activities was completed on the Baxter site (located immediately north of the Quendall site) in 2007 according to the requirements in the Mitigation Analysis Memorandum. S.2 Goals and Objectives The conceptual shoreline restoration plan would provide significant ecological functional gains for the Lake Washington shoreline including wetlands, buffers, and lake riparian areas. The conceptual plan would provide compensation necessary to mitigate impacts resulting from the prospective cleanup action (to be selected by EPA). Following cleanup, it is anticipated that the property would be redeveloped. A conceptual development plan is presented in Figure 8 to show how wetland creation/restoration ratios and buffer widths could potentially be applied to the site to result in the greatest area for redevelopment. EPA and the NRD trustees will develop the final plan in consultation with other resource agencies and the ultimate Site shoreline plan may further improve ecological functions (see Figure 8). Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 44 DWT 18418621v3 0032695·000004 fuly2011 060059-01 Shoreline Restoration Plan ----------------------------------------------------- For purposes ofthis report, impacts to wetlands are assumed to be mitigated at a 1.5: 1 replacement ratio to offset functional losses resulting from Site remediation. This ratio will result in the greatest area for redevelopment and is consistent with the Mitigation Analysis Memorandum (AESI 2000). Because Wetland G may be exempt from critical area regulations, this report assumes it will be mitigated at a 1: 1 ratio. The conceptual shoreline restoration plan could also improve habitat for aquatic species within Lake Washington such as migrating juvenile salmon. For example, shoreline habitat and complexity could be restored with appropriate habitat mix gravel, large woody debris, and overhanging vegetation. The large woody debris could be collected and stockpiled during remediation activities and reused along the shoreline to the extent practicable. The conceptual shoreline restoration plan depicted in Figure 8 includes a 100-foot average width riparian buffer from the lake OHWM. This buffer will result in the greatest area for redevelopment and is consistent with the Mitigation Analysis Memorandum (AESI 2000). The proposed riparian area could also provide a buffer for existing wetlands, and prospective wetland expansions in addition to providing a shoreline buffer. The new development adjacent to the shoreline following cleanup could provide a 100-foot average setback. The setback may fluctuate in width, depending on the proposed development plan. This setback is significantly greater than the 50-foot minimum setback required by the City of Renton Shoreline Master Program (RMC 4-3-090). 5.3 Elements of the Plan 5.3.1 Riparian Buffer Habitat For purposes of this report, it is assumed the 100-foot average width riparian buffer would revegetate the area adjacent to Lake Washington (see Figure 8). The revegetation could focus on species diverSity, species density allowing for varied light penetration, and the creation of different successional stages along the lake. A preliminary plant list for riparian buffer enhancement is presented in Table 7. Willow and water-tolerant shrub vegetation along the shoreline could provide shade for aquatic species. Deciduous-dominated forests could include open areas where sunlight can penetrate to the forest floor. Coniferous- dominated forests could provide important habitat for upland species. Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 45 DWT 18418622v3 0032695-000004 July 2011 060059-01 Shoreline Restoration Plan Long-term function of riparian areas could provide detritus inputs, insect drop, and woody debris inputs for aquatic species to support prey resources and provide cover for juvenile salmon. In addition, woody debris and substrate enhancement of the shoreline could support these aquatic ecological functions in the short term. Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 46 DWT 18418612,] 0032695-(}{)0004 fuly2011 060059-01 Shoreline Restoration Plan Table 7 Riparian Buffer Plant List Common Name Scientific Name Groundcovers Lady Fern Athyrium filix-femina Salal Gaultheria shal/on Sword Fern Polystichum munitum Willows/Shrubs Vine Maple Acer circinatum Red-osier Dogwood Comus sericea Black Twinberry Lonicera involucrata Oregon Grape Mahonia nervosa Nootka Rose Rasa nutkana Hooker's Willow Salix haokeriana Scouler's Willow Salix scouleriana I Sitka Willow Salix sitchensis Douglas Spirea Spiraea douglasii Snowberry Symphoricarpos albus Trees Big Leaf Maple Acer macrophyl/um Pacific Dogwood Comus nuttalii Red Alder Alnus rubra Hazelnut Corylus cornuta Oregon Ash Fraxinus latifolia Sitka Spruce Picea sitchensis Douglas Fir Psuedotsuga menziesii Black Cottonwood Populus tremuloides Western Crabapple pyrusfusca Western Hemlock Tsuga heterophyl/a 5.3.2 Wetland Restoration For purposes of this report, it is assumed wetland creation/restoration along the Lake Washington shoreline would expand existing Wetlands A, D, and J (see Figure 8). Impacts to existing lakeshore wetlands from cleanup activities (Wetlands A, D, and F) could be mitigated along the lakeshore, adjacent to Wetlands A and D. Impacts to existing wetlands Wedand and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendal! Terminals 47 DWT 18418622v3 0032695·0UlJO04 July2011 060059-01 Shoreline Restoration Plan that are not connected to the lakeshore (Wetlands B, C, E, and G) could be mitigated adjacent to Wetland J. In all areas, the creation/restoration couId diversify the existing range of wetland habitat and could include emergent, scrub-shrub, and forested habitat areas. This includes restoration adjacent to Wetlands A and D for impacts to LFO, LSS, and LEM components of lakeshore Wetlands A, D, and F. In addition, the prospective wetland creation/restoration area adjacent to Wetland A could include a low swale (see Figure 8). This swale could connect to Lake Washington and diversify the marsh habitat by adding open water and emergent habitat. The creation of this swale couId also offset impacts to POW habitats in Wetlands B and C. The swale could be designed to encourage seasonal use by juvenile salmonids with the placement of large woody debris (LWD). L WD provides habitat complexity and areas for cover for juvenile salmonids. Water quality and hydrologic functional improvements could also result from improved stormwater retention and capability to trap sediments through wetland, riparian, and associated buffer replanting. A preliminary plant list for wetland creation/restoration is presented in Table 8. Restoration adjacent to Wetland J could offset impacts to PSS, PEM, and PFO components of Wetlands B, C, E, and G. POW habitat could be replaced as part of restoration adjacent to Wetland A. The restoration/creation could replace current wetland areas with a wider range of wetland function and value. New wetland areas adjacent to Wetland J could provide an improvement to habitat quality and overall function from that provided by existing wetlands, which are compromised by the presence of soil and water contamination. Habitat function could also benefit from improved structure and diversity. Wetlands B, C, E, and G currently provide a moderate level of water quality and hydrologic function through stormwater retention. These wetlands currently have a higher opportunity to provide these functions due to the presence of contaminated stormwater on the site. Water quality and hydrologic functions provided by existing Wetlands B, C, E, and G couId be replaced with improved on-site stormwater control and treatment as well as an increased ability to trap sediments as part of riparian and shoreline wetland buffer improvements. Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Tenninals 48 DWT 184J8622v3 0032695-000004 fuly20J] 060059-01 Table 8 Wetland Plant List Common Name Scientific Name Emergents Slough Sedge Carex obnupta Hardstem Bulrush Scirpus acutus Small-fruited Bulrush Scirpus microcarpus Willows/Shrubs Red-osier Dogwood Comus sericeo Black Hawthorne Crotaegus doug/asii Black Twinberry Lonicera involucrate Pacific Ninebark Physocorpus copitatus Hooker's Willow Solix hookeriana Pacific Willow Salix lasiandro Scouler's Willow Salix scouleriana Douglas Spirea Spiroea doug/asii Trees Red Alder Alnus rubro Sitka Spruce Picea sitchensis Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Qp.endall Terminals 49 DWT 18418622v3 0032695-000004 Shoreline Restoration Plan July 2011 (}6(}(}59-0l References 6 REFERENCES AESI. 2000. Mitigation Analysis Memorandum, Quendall and Baxter Properties, Renton, Washington. Prepared for Vulcan Northwest and City of Renton. February 17. Access Washington. 2009 . Washington State Growth Management Act. Accessed online at http://www.gmhb.wa.gov/gmaiindex.htmlon February 23, 2009. Aspect Consulting, LLC (Aspect). 2009. Personal communication with Jeremy Porter regarding current understanding of historic property use and excavation of Wetland G. August 27. City of Renton. 1992. Renton's Critical Areas Inventory. Prepared by Jones and Stokes. City of Renton. 2009. Renton Municipal Code. Accessed online at http://www.codepublishing.com!wa/renton/ on June 11,2009. Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.e. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington D.C. Ecology. See Washington State Department of Ecology. Environmental Laboratory. 1987. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual. Technical Report Y-87-1. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS. Kerwin. 2001. Salmon and Steelhead Habitat Limiting Factors Report for the CEDAR- SAMMAMISH BASIN (Water Resource Inventory Area 8). Washington Conservation Commission. Olympia, W A. King County Metro. Memorandum from Larry Peterson to Glen D. Harris regarding Quendall Terminals Co. Industrial Waste. March 29,1972. Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 50 DItT 18418622>-30032695·000004 /uly2011 060059-01 References Munsell. 1994. Munsell Soil Color Charts. Kollmorgen Corporation, Baltimore, Maryland. Nowak, G.M. 2000. Movement patterns and feeding ecology of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) in Lake Washington. M.S. Thesis, University of Washington, Seattle. Phoinix. 2006. Memorandum to Mr. John J. Tortorelli, Western Wood Lumber Company, regarding Best Management Practices (BMP) Implementation Project. January 19. Reed, P.B., Jr. 1988. National List of Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Biological Report 88 (26.9). Reed, P., Jr. 1993. Supplement to List of Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands: Northwest (Region 9). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Supplement to Biological Report 88 (26.9). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps). 2008. Interim Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast Region, ed J.S. Wakeley, R.W. Lichvar, and C.V. Noble. ERDC/EL TR-08-13. Vicksburg, MS: U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center. U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). 1973. Soil Survey of King County, Washington. USDA Soil Conservation Service (SCS). USDA. 2001. Hydric Soil List for King County, Washington. USDA Soil Conservation Service. Accessed online at http://www.wa.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/soils!county_hydric_lists.htmlon May 8, 2009. USDA. 2009. Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) Web Soil Survey. Accessed online at http://soils.usda.gov/uselhydricllists/state.htmlon June 11,2009. Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 51 DWT 18418622v3 0032695-000(){)4 July 2011 06()()59-01 References United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2009. USFWS Wetlands Mapper for National Wetlands Inventory Map Information. Accessed online at http://wetlandsfws.er.usgs.gov on May 8, 2009 Washington Department ofFish and Wildlife (WDFW). 2009. Priority Habitats and Species (PHS) Maps in the Vicinity ofT24, ROSE, Section 29. Report Date August 28 2009. Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology). 1997. Washington State Wetlands Identification and Delineation Manual. Publication No. 96-94. Olympia, Washington. Ecology. 2004. Washington State Wetlands Rating System -Western Washington: Revised. Publication No. 04-06-15. Olympia, Washington. Ecology. 2006. Washington State Wetland Rating Form -Western Washington, version 2. Olympia, Washington. Ecology. 2009a. Environmental Information; Watersheds; WRIA 9 DuwamishiGreen Basin. Accessed online at http://www.ecy.wa.gov/services/gis/maps/wria/number/wria9.htm on February 23,2009 Ecology. 2009b. Washington State Shoreline Management Act. Accessed online at http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/sea/sma/lawsJules/index.html on September 5, 2009. Wetland and Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Report Quendall Terminals 52 DWT 18418622v3 0032695-000004 /uly2011 06(}{)59-OJ FIGURES DWT 18418612v3 0032695-000004 APPENDIX A PLAN VIEW AND CROSS SECTIONS OF WETLANDS A THROUGH H DWT 1841862],30032695-000004 APPENDIX B ORDINARY HIGH WATER MARK FLAG LOCATIONS DWT 18418622v3 0032695-000004 APPENDIX C SAMPLE PLOT SUMMARY DATA DWT J84J8622,] 0032695-000004 APPENDIX D FIELD DATA SHEETS DWT 1841862b3 0032695-000004 APPENDIX E ECOLOGY WETLAND RATING FORMS DWT 1841862],30032695-000004 APPENDIX F SITE PHOTOGRAPHS DWT 18418622»30032695-000004 APPENDIX G MITIGATION ANALYSIS MEMORANDUM, QUENDALL AND BAXTER PROPERTIES DWT 184186221,13 0032695-000004 APPENDIX H 1990 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH DWT 18418612v3 0032695-000004 PROJECT TITLE PROPONENT/APPLICANT LOCATIO,!\( "'. ,". ' , 'I EIS ALTERNATIVES FACT SHEET Quendall Terminals Redevelopment Project Century Pacific, L.P. The approximately 21,5-acre Ouendall Terminals site is located in the northern portion of the City of Renton, within the Southwest Y. of Section 29, Township 24 North, Range 5 East, King County. The site includes an approximately 20,3-acre Main Property along Lake Washington, and an approximately 1.2-acre Isolated Property to the northeast. The Main Property is generally bordered by a Puget Sound Energy easement and the Seattle Sea hawks Training Facility to the north, the Railroad right-of-way, Lake Washington Boulevard and Ripley Lane N to the east, the Barbee Mill residential development to the south and Lake Washington to the west. The Isolated Property is generally bounded by Ripley Lane N to the west, and the southbound 1-405 off-ramp to the east and south. The Ouendall Terminals site has received a Superfund designation from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and will undergo cleanup/remediation prior to reaevelopment, under the oversight of It!e----EPA ,Rrior to redevelopment. Potential impacts to the environment associated with cleanup/remediation activities will be addressed through the separate EPA process. The impact analyses in this DEIS~l!jgb-.SQjely addresses impacts that may occur due to post-cleanup commercial redevelopment of the Ouendall Terminals site.. assume an existing/baseline condition subsequent to cleanup/remediation----flAal is, the Gonaition of the site after remeaiation has tJeen aGGomplishea). The Ouendall Terminals site has received a Superfund deSignation from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and will undergo cleanup/remediation (the use of the term cleanup is meant to refer to actions directed at contaminated media only: whereas the term remediation is meant to also include CE~LA mitigation actions) under the oversight of EPA prior to redevelopment. Potential impacts to the envir.Q[1llliLm ~§sQQ[al~SL"'1ith_~I~<!J1UP~21ivllies will be addressed through the separate EPA process. It is also possible restoration actions will occur as P<!r:lQt~Jl.Qt.!1.ntlal natural resource damage (NRDl settlement process but before site redevelopment. The impact analyses in this DEIS, which solely addresses impacts that rnaY.QlX:ur due to post-remediation/post-NRD restoration commercial redevelopment of Ouendall assume Quendall Terminals Draft EIS DWT 18423122vl 0032695.fJ00004 Fact Sheet i an existing/baseline condition subsequent to remediation/NRD restoration. Redevelopment impacts are assessed and measured against the baseline that exists pre-development but post remediation/post-NRD restoration. Ihl1.l.:tgst-remediation/post-NRD restoration baseline condition at Quendall is uncertain until the cleanup has been approved by EPA. However a baseline can be assumed using environmerlli!1 mitigation raUQs,. buffers aru:Lse.tbaQks frQm the..1.9.83,.City Qf RentQn's ~H1Ql\1.1in\1. Management Plan and other relevant information as desQribed in Appendix E of this DE IS, Such a baseline as presented in this DEIS would reflect the maximum develQpment fQQtprint or impact that QQuid QQQur at Quendall. As part Qf EPA's cleanup/remediation decision and any potential NRD settlement EPA and the NRD trustees will require any neQessarv wetland mitigation/shoreline restoration as needed tQ cQmpensate for environmental impacts resulting from cleanup aQtiQns, such as filling existing wetlands tQ provide a clean soil surfaQe. at Quendall, Qr assQQiated with any alleged natural resource damage, For such mitigation/restoration. it is EPA's position that it will apply environmental regulations in place at the time that EPA issues its ReQord Qf DeQisiQn fQr Quendall Temrinals. Environmental standards may Qhange in the future because mQre stringent regulatQry stanQar.dl:Lc'Quld be established. It is EPA's PQsition that future environmental standards fQr environmental mitigation/restoration may result in larger mitigatiQn ratiQs. buffers and/or setbaQks resulting in larger Qr higher quality wetlands and shoreline restoration The result WQuid be a smaller redevelQpment fQQtprinVimpact and the City may decide a !1~~~PRLemenlal EIS is not necessary. Final wetland mitigation/shoreline restoration. requirements will be established in EPA's Record Qf Decision for the Quendall cleanup. This DEIS analyzes two redevelopment alternatives (Alternative 1 -the subject of the November 2009 application and Alternative 2 -a lower density alternative), as well as the No Action Alternative. These alternatives are briefly described below: Alternative 1 -Application Mixed-use development under Alternative 1 would include 800 multifamily residential units, 245,000 sq. ft. of office space, 21,600 sq. ft. of retail space and 9,000 sq. ft. of restaurant space on the Main Property. Parking for 2,171 vehicles would be provided within the proposed buildings and in one surface parking area. New public roadways and private driveways would provide vehicular access through the site and would include sidewalks and pedestrian amenities. A publically accessible trail would provide pedestrian access to the Lake Washington shoreline. No new development is proposed on the Isolated Property under Alternative 1. Alternative 2 -Lower-Density Alternative Mixed-use development under Alternative 2 would include 708 multifamily residential units, 21,600 sq. ft. of retail space and 9,000 sq. ft. of restaurant space on the Main Property; no office uses would be provided under this alternative. Parking for 1,364 vehicles would be provided within the proposed buildings, in two surface parking areas Quendall Terminals Draft EIS DWT 18423122vl 0032695'()00004 Fact Sheet ii and two deck parking areas. New public roadways and private driveways would provide vehicular access through the site and would include sidewalks and pedestrian amenities. A publically accessible trail would also provide pedestrian access to the Lake Washington shoreline. No new development is proposed on the Isolated Property under Alternative 2. No Action Alternative Under the No Action Alternative, no new mixed-use development would occur on the Quendall Terminals site at this time. Cleanup/remediation activities ass9Giates witR tRe site's statlols as a SIJFlerflJns siterequired by EPA will still occur. A Shoreline Restoration Plan will also be implemented in conjunction with site cleanuplremediation.-arni[QLJQ ~v@ potential rlatural re.sQUI.Qll damages claims. Since the cleanuplremediation remedy plan will anticipate potential redevelopment of the site, if no redevelopment occurs under the No Action Alternative, the baseline condition (post-remediation) would likely be somewhat different than the baseline conditions assumed for Alternatives 1 and 2 (h-&.-fle sR9reline trail \\'91J1s Be G9nstrIJGtes ans an interime.g the stormwater control system would Be installesnot be integrated into a rede.l&!opment plan). LEAD AGENCY (SEPA) City of Renton Environmental Review Committee SEPA RESPONSIBLE OFFICIAL City of Renton Environmental Review Committee Dept. of Community & Economic Development Planning Division 1055 S Grady Way Renton, WA 98057 EIS CONTACT PERSON Vanessa Dolbee, Senior Planner Dept. of Community & Economic Development Planning Division 1055 S Grady Way Renton, WA 98057 Phone: (425) 430-7314 FINAL ACTION Approvals/permits by the City of Renton to authorize development, construction and operation of the Quendall Terminals mixed-use development, as well as infrastructure improvements to serve the development. PERMITS AND APPROVALS Preliminary investigation indicates that the following permits and/or approvals could be required or requested for the Proposed Actions. Additional permits/approvals may be identified during the review process associated with specific development projects. Agencies with Jurisdiction Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS DWT [8423[22v[ 0032695'{)00004 • Federal Fact Sheet iii DRAFT EIS AUTHORS AND PRINCIPAL CONTRIBUTORS Quendall Terminals Draft EIS DWT 18423122vl 0032695'{)00004 -CERCLA Remediation (for site cleanup/remediation prior to redevelopment) • State of Washington -Dept. of Ecology, Construction Stormwater General Permit -Dept. of Ecology, NPDES Stormwater Discharge Permit -Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, Hydraulic Project Approval • City of Renton -Master Site Plan Approval Shoreline Substantial Development Permit Construction Permits Building Permits Development Permits Binding Site Plan Site Plan Review -Development Agreement (possible) -Utility Approvals -Property Permits & Licenses The Quenda// Terminals Draft Environmental Impact Statement has been prepared under the direction of the City of Renton and analyses were provided by the following consulting firms: DEIS Project Manager, Primary Author, Energy and GHG Emissions Land and Shoreline Use, Relationship to Existing Plans, Policies and Regulations, AestheticsNiews and Parks and Recreation. EA I Blumen 720 Sixth Street S, Suite 100 Kirkland, WA 98033 Earth AESI 911 5th Avenue Kirkland, WA 98033 Critical Areas Raedeke Associates 5711 Northeast 63cd Street Seattle, WA 98115 Visual Analysis (Simulations) The Portico Group iv Fact Sheet LOCATION OF BACKGROUND INFORMATION DATE OF DRAFT EIS ISSUANCE DATE DRAFT EIS COMMENTS ARE DUE DATE OF DE IS PUBLIC MEETING AVAILABILITY OF THE DRAFT EIS Quendall Terminals Draft EIS DWT t8423t22vt 0032695-{)00004 1500 4th Avenue -3rd Floor Seattle, Washington 98101 Transportation/Traffic Transportation, Engineering Northwest, LLC 816 6th Street S Kirkland, WA 98033 Background material and supporting documents are located at the office of: EA I Blumen 720 Sixth Street S, Suite 100 Kirkland, WA 98033 City of Renton Vanessa Dolbee, Senior Planner Department of Community & Economic Development, Planning Division 1055 S Grady Way Renton, WA 98057 December 10, 2010 January 10, 2011 In addition to the opportunity to provide written comments by January 10, 2011, a DEIS public meeting will be held on Thursday, January 4, 2011, to provide agencies, organizations, tribes and the general public with an opportunity to provide comments on the DEIS. The public meeting will commence at 6 PM and will be held at: Renton City Hall 1055 South Grady Way 7'h Floor, Council Chambers Renton, WA 09057 This DEIS has been distributed to agencies, organizations and individuals noted on the Distribution List contained in Appendix A to this document Copies of the DE IS are also available for review at the following King County Library System Renton public libraries: Fact Sheet v Quendall Terminals Draft EIS DWT 18423122v1 0032695·000004 Renton Main Library 100 Mill Avenue South Renton, WA 98057 Renton Highlands Library 2902 N E 12'h Street Renton, WA 98056 Copies of this DEIS may be purchased at the City of Renton's Finance Department (1 st Floor of City Hall) for $25 per hard copy or $10.00 per CD, plus tax and postage (if mailed). Fact Sheet vi TABLE OF CONTENTS FACT SHEET ..................................... , ........................................................................... i Chapter 1 -SUMMARY 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 Proposed Actions ....................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 Alternatives ................................................................................................. 1-1 1.4 Impacts ....................................................................................................... 1-2 1.5 Mitigation Measures and Significant Unavoidable Adverse Impacts .......... 1-16 Chapter 2 -DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTION(S) and ALTERNATIVES 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 2-1 2.2 Background ................................................................................................ 2-1 2.3 Environmental Review Process and Purpose ............................................. 2-6 2.4 Applicant's Objectives ................................................................................. 2-8 2.5 Site Description .......................................................................................... 2-8 2.6 Description of Proposed Action(s) ............................................................. 2-10 2.7 Description of Alternatives ............................................................ ' ........... 2-10 2.8 Benefits and Disadvantages of Deferring Project Implementation ............. 2-29 Chapter 3 -AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT, IMPACTS, ALTERNATIVES, MITIGATION MEASURES and SIGNIFICANT UNAVOIDABLE ADVERSE IMPACTS 3.1 Earth ....................................................................................................... 3.1-1 3.2 Critical Areas ................................................... " ...................................... 3.2-1 3.3 Environmental Health .............................................................................. 3.3-1 3.4 Energy -Greenhouse Gas Emissions ..................................................... 3.4-1 3.5 Land and Shoreline Use ......................................................................... 3.5-1 3.6 Relationship to Plans, Policies and Regulations ...................................... 3.6-1 3.7 AestheticsNiews ..................................................................................... 3.7-1 3.8 Parks and Recreation .............................................................................. 3.8-1 3.9 TransportationiTraffic ............................................................................... 3.9-1 Chapter 4 -REFERENCES APPENDICES A. Draft EIS Distribution List B. EIS Scoping Summary C. Road Cross-Sections D. Technical Report: Geology, Ground Water and Soils E. Critical Areas Report F. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Worksheets G. Site Area Breakdowns H. Transportation Technical Report Quendall Terminals Draft EIS DWT 1 8423 122vl 0032695-j)00004 vii Fact Sheet Table 1-1 2-1 2-2 3.4-1 3.7-1 3.8-1 3.8-2 3.8-3 3.8-4 3.9-1 3.9-2 3.9-3 3.9-4 3.9-5 Figure 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-10 2-11 2-12 3.5-1 3.5-2 3.7-1 3.7-2 3.7-3 3.7-4 3.7-5 3.7-6 3.7-7 3.7-8 3.7-9 3.7-10 LIST OF TABLES Impacts Matrix ............................................................................................ 1-3 Summary of Redevelopment -Alternatives 1 & 2 ...................................... 2-11 Site Area Breakdown -Alternatives 1 & 2 ................................................. 2-12 Quendall Terminals Estimated Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Alternatives 1 and 2 ................................................................................. 3.4-5 Viewpoint Location .................•................................................................. 3.7-1 Kennydale Community Planning Area: Existing Parks ............................. 3.8-1 Parks and Recreation Facilities Level of Service (LOS) .......................... 3.8-4 Park and Recreation Impacts -Alternatives 1 and 2 ................................ 3.8-8 On-site Open Space and Related Areas -Alternatives 1 and 2 ............... 3.8-9 Existing 2009-2010 Peak Hour Intersection Level of Service ................... 3.9-5 2015 Intersection Level of Service Impacts with Alterative 1 (without 1-405 Improvements) ................................................................................ 3.9-9 2015 Intersection Level of Service Impacts with Alterative 1 (with 1-405 Improvements) .............................................................................. 3.9-12 2015 Queues Without 1-405 Improvements -Alternative 1 .................... 3.9-15 2015 Queues With 1-405 Improvements -Alternative 1 ......................... 3.9-16 LIST OF FIGURES Regional Map .......................................................................................... 2-2 Vicinity Map ............................................................................................. 2-3 Existing Site Conditions ........................................................................... 2-4 Site Plan -Alternative 1 ......................................................................... 2-14 Representative Building Elevations -Alternative 1 ................................ 2-17 Shoreline Restoration Conceptual Design -Alternative 1 ...................... 2-18 Wetland D Buffer Width Averaging -Alternatives 1 and 2 ...................... 2-19 Preliminary Landscape Plan -Alternative 1 ........................................... 2-20 Site Plan -Alternative 2 ......................................................................... 2-23 Representative Building Elevations -Alternative 2 ................................ 2-25 Shoreline Restoration Conceptual Design -Alternative 2 ...................... 2-26 Shoreline Restoration Conceptual Design -No Action Alternative ......... 2-28 Existing Surrounding Land Uses .......................................................... 3.5-4 Existing Zoning Classifications .............................................................. 3.5-7 Viewpoint Location Map ........................................................................ 3.7-2 Viewpoint 1 ........................................................................................... 3.7-9 Viewpoint 2 ......................................................................................... 3.7-11 Viewpoint 3 ......................................................................................... 3.7-12 Viewpoint 4 ......................................................................................... 3.7-14 Viewpoint 5 ......................................................................................... 3.7-15 Viewpoint 6 ......................................................................................... 3.7-17 Viewpoint 7 ......................................................................................... 3.7-18 Viewpoint 8 ......................................................................................... 3.7-20 Viewpoint 9 ......................................................................................... 3.7 -21 Quendall Terminals Draft EIS viii Fact Sheet DWT 18423122vl 0032695-000004 3.7-11 3.9-1 3.9-2 3.9-3 3.9-4 3.9-5 3.9-6 Viewpoint 10 ....................................................................................... 3.7 -23 Study Intersection Locations ................................................................. 3.9-2 Existing Peak Hour Traffic Volumes ...................................................... 3.9-3 2015 Baseline/ Peak Hour Traffic Volumes (Without 1-405 Improvements) .................................................................................... 3.9-10 2015 Alternative 1 Peak Hour Traffic Volumes (Without 1-405 Improvements) ........................................................................................................... 3.9-11 2015 Baseline Peak Hour Traffic Volumes (With 1-405 Improvements) .................................................................................... 3.9-13 2015 Alternative 1 Peak Hour Traffic Volumes (With 1-405 Improvements) .................................................................................... 3.9-14 Quendall Terminals Draft EIS ix Fact Sheet DWT 18423122vl 0032695·000004 [)9PJ.!m~nt~comparison by Workshare Compare on Monday>c-Qctober 24. 2011 4:10:57 PM 7v2<DWT> ~ Fact Sheet [clean! ..o. n_I,';, .. , ,,- I to Style , chanQe .. , .A A~1. ~cell I cell .. , ~~ ~cell cell r.n.ml ~ ~ ... 1 from ~ Ito ~ Stvle chance Q Q Total chances 11 DWT 18423122v1 0032695-000004 Document comparison by Workshare Compare on Monday, October 24, 2011 4-17-18 PM Input: Document 1 10 interwovenSite:lldwtdocslDWT/18419549/1 Description #18419549v1 <DWT> -Fact Sheet [Original] Document 2 10 interwovenSite:lldwtdocslDWT/18422866/1 1#18422866v1 < DWT> - Description WSComparison_#18417517v1<DWT> -Fact Sheet [clean]-#18417517v2<DWT> -Fact Sheet [clean] Rendering set standard Legend: Insertion geletiefl Me'lea tfeffi M_oved to Style change Fonnat change 1\4ev€<:l-JdelKm Inserted cell Deleted cell Moved cell Split/Merged cell Padding cell Statistics: Count Insertions 56 Deletions 6 Moved from 0 Moved to 0 Style change 0 Format changed 0 Total changes 62 DWT 18423122vl 0032695-000004 PROJECT TITLE PROPONENT/APPLICANT LOCATION -'-. EIS ALTERNATIVES FACT SHEET Quendall Terminals Redevelopment Project Century Pacific, L.P. The approximately 21.5-acre Quendall Terminals site is located in the northern portion of the City of Renton, within the Southwest y.; of Section 29, Township 24 North, Range 5 East, King County. The site includes an approximately 20.3-acre Main Property along Lake Washington, and an approximately 1.2-acre Isolated Property to the northeast. The Main Property is generally bordered by a Puget Sound Energy easement and the Seattle Sea hawks Training Facility to the north, the Railroad right-of-way, Lake Washington Boulevard and Ripley Lane N to the east, the Barbee Mill residential development to the south and Lake Washington to the west. The Isolated Property is generally bounded by Ripley Lane N to the west, and the southbound 1-405 off-ramp to the east and south. The Quendall Terminals site has received a Superfund designation from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and will undergo cleanup/remediation under the oversight of EPA prior to redevelopment. Potential impacts to the environment associated with cleanup/remediation activities will be addressed through the separate EPA process. The impact analyses in this DEIS, which solely addresses impacts that may occur due to post-cleanup commercial redevelopment of the Quendall Terminals site, assume an existing/baseline condition subsequent to cleanup/remediation. The Quendall Terminals site has received a Superfund designation from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and will undergo cleanup/remediation (the use of the term cleanup is meant to refer to actions directed at contaminated media only; whereas the term remediation is meant to also include CERCLA mitigation actions) under the oversight of EPA prior to redevelopment. Potential impacts to the environment associated with cleanup activities will be addressed through the separate EPA process. It is also possible restoration actions will occur as part of a potential natural resource damage (NRD) settlement process but before site redevelopment. The impact analyses in this DEIS, which solely addresses impacts that may occur due to post-remediation/post-NRD restoration commercial redevelopment of Quendall, assume an existing/baseline condition subsequent to remediation/NRD restoration. Quendal/ Terminals Draft Eis D'WT 18417517v3 0032695"()00004 Fact Sheet i Redevelopment impacts are assessed and measured against the baseline that exists pre-development, but post remediation/post-NRD restoration. The post-remediation/post-NRD restoration baseline condition at Quendall is uncertain until the cleanup has been approved by EPA. However, a baseline can be assumed using environmental mitigation ratios, buffers and setbacks from the 1983 City of Renton's Shoreline Management Plan and other relevant information as described in Appendix E of this DEIS. Such a baseline, as presented in this DEIS, would reflect the maximum development footprint or impact that could occur at Quendall. As part of EPA's cleanup/remediation decision and any potential NRD settlement, EPA and the NRD trustees will require any necessary wetland mitigation/shoreline restoration, as needed to compensate for environmental impacts resulting from cleanup actions, such as filling existing wetlands to provide a clean soil surface at Quendall, or associated with any alleged natural resource damage. For such mitigation/restoration, it is EPA's position that it will apply environmental regulations in place at the time that EPA issues its Record of Decision for Quendall Terminals. Environmental standards may change in the future because more stringent regulatory standards could be established. It is EPA's position that future environmental standards for environmental mitigation/restoration may result in larger mitigation ratios, buffers and/or setbacks resulting in larger or higher quality wetlands and shoreline restoration. The result would be a smaller redevelopment footprinVimpact and the City may decide a new or supplemental EIS is not necessary. Final wetland mitigation/shoreline restoration, requirements will be established in EPA's Record of Decision for the Quendall cleanup. This DE IS analyzes two redevelopment alternatives (Alternative 1 -the subject of the November 2009 application and Alternative 2 - a lower density alternative), as well as the No Action Alternative. These alternatives are briefly described below: Alternative 1 -Application Mixed-use development under Alternative 1 would include 800 multifamily residential units, 245,000 sq. ft. of office space, 21,600 sq. ft. of retail space and 9,000 sq. ft. of restaurant space on the Main Property. Parking for 2,171 vehicles would be provided within the proposed buildings and in one surface parking area. New public roadways and private driveways would provide vehicular access through the site and would include sidewalks and pedestrian amenities. A publically accessible trail would provide pedestrian access to the Lake Washington shoreline. No new development is proposed on the Isolated Property under Alternative 1. Alternative 2 -Lower-Density Alternative Mixed-use development under Alternative 2 would include 708 multifamily residential units, 21,600 sq. ft. of retail space and 9,000 sq. ft. of restaurant space on the Main Property; no office uses would be provided under this alternative. Parking for 1,364 vehicles would be provided within the proposed buildings, in two surface parking areas Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS DWT 18417517v3 0032695-000004 Fact Sheet ii and two deck parking areas. New public roadways and private driveways would provide vehicular access through the site and would include sidewalks and pedestrian amenities. A publically accessible trail would also provide pedestrian access to the Lake Washington shoreline. No new development is proposed on the Isolated Property under Alternative 2. No Action Alternative Under the No Action Alternative, no new mixed-use development would occur on the Ouendall Terminals site at this time. Cleanup/remediation activities required by EPA will still occur. A Shoreline Restoration Plan will also be implemented in conjunction with site cleanup/remediation and/or to resolve potential natural resource damages claims. Since the cleanup/remediation remedy plan will anticipate potential redevelopment of the site, if no redevelopment occurs under the No Action Alternative, the baseline condition (post-remediation) would likely be somewhat different than the baseline conditions assumed for Alternatives 1 and 2 (e.g., the stormwater control system would not be integrated into a redevelopment plan). LEAD AGENCY (SEPAl City of Renton Environmental Review Committee SEPA RESPONSIBLE OFFICIAL City of Renton Environmental Review Committee Dept. of Community & Economic Development Planning Division 1055 S Grady Way Renton, WA 98057 EIS CONTACT PERSON Vanessa Dolbee, Senior Planner Dept. of Community & Economic Development Planning Division 1055 S Grady Way Renton, WA 98057 Phone: (425) 430-7314 FINAL ACTION Approvals/permits by the City of Renton to authorize development, construction and operation of the Ouendall Terminals mixed-use development, as well as infrastructure improvements to serve the development. PERMITS AND APPROVALS Preliminary investigation indicates that the following permits and/or approvals could be required or requested for the Proposed Actions. Additional permits/approvals may be identified during the review process associated with specific development projects. Agencies with Jurisdiction Quendall Terminals Draft EIS DWT 184175 17v3 0032695-000004 • Federal Fact Sheet iii DRAFT EIS AUTHORS AND PRINCIPAL CONTRIBUTORS Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS DWT 18417517v3 0032695-{)(){)004 -CERCLA Remediation (for site cleanup/remediation prior to redevelopment) • State of Washington -Dept. of Ecology, Construction Stormwater General Permit -Dept. of Ecology, NPDES Stormwater Discharge Permit -Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, Hydraulic Project Approval • City of Renton -Master Site Plan Approval Shoreline Substantial Development Permit Construction Permits Building Permits Development Permits Binding Site Plan Site Plan Review -Development Agreement (possible) -Utility Approvals -Property Permits & Licenses The Quendall Terminals Draft Environmental Impact Statement has been prepared under the direction of the City of Renton and analyses were provided by the following consulting firms: DEIS Project Manager, Primary Author, Energy and GHG Emissions Land and Shoreline Use, Relationship to Existing Plans, Policies and Regulations, AestheticsNiews and Parks and Recreation. EA I Blumen 720 Sixth Street S, Suite 100 Kirkland, WA 98033 Earth AESI 911 5th Avenue Kirkland, WA 98033 Critical Areas Raedeke Associates 5711 Northeast 63rd Street Seattle, WA 98115 Visual Analysis (Simulations) The Portico Group iv Fact Sheet LOCATION OF BACKGROUND INFORMATION DATE OF DRAFT EIS ISSUANCE DATE DRAFT EIS COMMENTS ARE DUE DATE OF DEIS PUBLIC MEETING AVAILABILITY OF THE DRAFT EIS Quendall Terminals Draft EIS DWT 18417517v3 0032695-{)00004 1500 4th Avenue -3rd Floor Seattle, Washington 98101 TransportationlTraffic Transportation, Engineering Northwest, LLC 816 6th Street S Kirkland, WA 98033 Background material and supporting documents are located at the office of: EAI Blumen 720 Sixth Street S, Suite 100 Kirkland, WA 98033 City of Renton Vanessa Dolbee, Senior Planner Department of Community & Economic Development, Planning Division 1055 S Grady Way Renton, WA 98057 December 10, 2010 January 10, 2011 In addition to the opportunity to provide written comments by January 10, 2011, a DEIS public meeting will be held on Thursday, January 4, 2011, to provide agencies, organizations, tribes and the general public with an opportunity to provide comments on the DEIS. The public meeting will commence at 6 PM and will be held at: Renton City Hall 1055 South Grady Way 7th Floor, Council Chambers Renton, WA 09057 This DE IS has been distributed to agencies, organizations and individuals noted on the Distribution List contained in Appendix A to this document. Copies of the DEIS are also available for review at the following King County Library System Renton public libraries: Fact Sheet v Quendall Terminals Draft EIS DWT 18417517v3 0032695·000004 Renton Main Library 100 Mill Avenue South Renton, WA 98057 Renton Highlands Library 2902 NE 12'h Street Renton, WA 98056 Copies of this DEIS may be purchased at the City of Renton's Finance Department (1 st Floor of City Hall) for $25 per hard copy or $10.00 per CD, plus tax and postage (if mailed). Fact Sheet vi TABLE OF CONTENTS FACT SHEET ....................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. i Chapter 1 -SUMMARY 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 1-1 1.2 Proposed Actions ...................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 Alternatives ................................................................................................. 1-1 1.4 Impacts ....................................................................................................... 1-2 1.5 Mitigation Measures and Significant Unavoidable Adverse Impacts .......... 1-16 Chapter 2 -DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTION(S) and ALTERNATIVES 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 2-1 2.2 Background ................................................................................................ 2-1 2.3 Environmental Review Process and Purpose ............................................. 2-6 2.4 Applicant's Objectives ................................................................................. 2-8 2.5 Site Description .......................................................................................... 2-8 2.6 Description of Proposed Action(s) ............................................................. 2-10 2.7 Description of Alternatives ........................................................................ 2-10 2.8 Benefits and Disadvantages of Deferring Project Implementation ............. 2-29 Chapter 3 -AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT, IMPACTS, ALTERNATIVES, MITIGATION MEASURES and SIGNIFICANT UNAVOIDABLE ADVERSE IMPACTS 3.1 Earth ........................................................................................................ 3.1-1 3.2 Critical Areas .......................................................................................... 3.2-1 3.3 Environmental Health .............................................................................. 3.3-1 3.4 Energy -Greenhouse Gas Emissions ..................................................... 3.4-1 3.5 Land and Shoreline Use .......................................................................... 3.5-1 3.6 Relationship to Plans, Policies and Regulations ...................................... 3.6-1 3.7 AestheticsNiews ..................................................................................... 3.7-1 3.8 Parks and Recreation .............................................................................. 3.8-1 3.9 Transportationrrraffic ............................................................................... 3.9-1 Chapter 4 -REFERENCES APPENDICES A. Draft EIS Distribution List B. EIS Scoping Summary C. Road Cross-Sections D. Technical Report: Geology, Ground Water and Soils E. Critical Areas Report F. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Worksheets G. Site Area Breakdowns H. Transportation Technical Report Quendall Terminals Draft EIS DWT 18417517v) 00)2695-000004 vii Fact Sheet Table 1-1 2-1 2-2 3.4-1 3.7-1 3.8-1 3.8-2 3.8-3 3.8-4 3.9-1 3.9-2 3.9-3 3.9-4 3.9-5 Figure 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-10 2-11 2-12 3.5-1 3.5-2 3.7-1 3.7-2 3.7-3 3.7-4 3.7-5 3.7-6 3.7-7 3.7-8 3.7-9 LIST OF TABLES Impacts Matrix ............................................................................................ 1-3 Summary of Redevelopment -Alternatives 1 & 2 ...................................... 2-11 Site Area Breakdown -Alternatives 1 & 2 ............................................... 2-12 Quendall Terminals Estimated Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Alternatives 1 and 2 ................................................................................. 3.4-5 Viewpoint Location .................................................................................. 3.7-1 Kennydale Community Planning Area: Existing Parks ............................. 3.8-1 Parks and Recreation Facilities Level of Service (LOS) .......................... 3.8-4 Park and Recreation Impacts -Alternatives 1 and 2 ................................ 3.8-8 On-site Open Space and Related Areas -Alternatives 1 and 2 ............... 3.8-9 Existing 2009-2010 Peak Hour Intersection Level of Service ................... 3.9-5 2015 Intersection Level of Service Impacts with Alterative 1 (without 1-405 Improvements) ................................................................................ 3.9-9 2015 Intersection Level of Service Impacts with Alterative 1 (with 1-405 Improvements) .............................................................................. 3.9-12 2015 Queues Without 1-405 Improvements -Alternative 1 .................... 3.9-15 2015 Queues With 1-405 Improvements -Alternative 1 ......................... 3.9-16 LIST OF FIGURES Regional Map .......................................................................................... 2-2 Vicinity Map ............................................................................................. 2-3 Existing Site Conditions ........................................................................... 2-4 Site Plan -Alternative 1 ......................................................................... 2-14 Representative Building Elevations -Alternative 1 ................................ 2-17 Shoreline Restoration Conceptual Design -Alternative 1 ...................... 2-18 Wetland D Buffer Width Averaging -Alternatives 1 and 2 ....................... 2-1 9 Preliminary Landscape Plan -Alternative 1 ........................................... 2-20 Site Plan -Alternative 2 ......................................................................... 2-23 Representative Building Elevations -Alternative 2 ................................ 2-25 Shoreline Restoration Conceptual Design -Alternative 2 ...................... 2-26 Shoreline Restoration Conceptual Design -No Action Alternative ......... 2-28 Existing Surrounding Land Uses ........................................................... 3.5-4 Existing Zoning Classifications .............................................................. 3.5-7 Viewpoint Location Map ........................................................................ 3.7-2 Viewpoint 1 ........................................................................................... 3.7-9 Viewpoint 2 ......................................................................................... 3.7-11 Viewpoint 3 ......................................................................................... 3.7-12 Viewpoint 4 ......................................................................................... 3.7-14 Viewpoint 5 ......................................................................................... 3.7-15 Viewpoint 6 ......................................................................................... 3.7-17 Viewpoint 7 ......................................................................................... 3.7-18 Viewpoint 8 ......................................................................................... 3.7-20 Quendall Terminals Draft EIS viii Fact Sheet DWT 18417517v3 0032695-000004 3.7-10 3.7-11 3.9-1 3.9-2 3.9-3 3.9-4 3.9-5 3.9-6 Viewpoint 9 ......................................................................................... 3.7-21 Viewpoint 10 ....................................................................................... 3.7-23 Study Intersection Locations ................................................................. 3.9-2 Existing Peak Hour Traffic Volumes ...................................................... 3.9-3 2015 Baseline/ Peak Hour Traffic Volumes (Without 1-405 Improvements) .................................................................................... 3.9-10 2015 Alternative 1 Peak Hour Traffic Volumes (Without 1-405 Improvements) .................................................................................... 3.9-11 2015 Baseline Peak Hour Traffic Volumes (With 1-405 Improvements) .................................................................................... 3.9-13 2015 Alternative 1 Peak Hour Traffic Volumes (With 1-405 Improvements) .................................................................................... 3.9-14 Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS ix Fact Sheet DWT 18417517v3 0032695-<)00004 1.1 Introduction CHAPTER 1 SUMMARY This chapter provides a summary of the Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) for the Ouendall Terminals Redevelopment Project. It briefly describes the Application (Alternative 1), Lower Density Alternative (Alternative 2) and No Action Alternative, and contains a comprehensive overview of significant environmental impacts identified for the alternatives. Please see Chapter 2 of this DEIS for a more detailed description of the alternatives, and Chapter 3 for a detailed presentation of the affected environment, significant impacts of the alternatives, mitigation measures, and significant unavoidable adverse impacts. The Ouendall Terminals site includes an approximately 20.3-acre Main Property along Lake Washington and an approximately 1.2-acre Isolated Property to the northeast. The site has received a Superfund designation from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and will undergo cleanup/remediation prior to resevelopment, under the oversight of EPA prior to redevelopment. The Ouendall Terminals owners and EPA are currently conducting a remedial investigation and feasibility study at the site. This work is being conducted under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA; i.e., Superfund). CERCLA cleanup actions ~specified in a final cleanup remedy are assumed to include remediation of hazardous substances in lake sediments and in some of the uplans portionsMRl&rui~ of the site (Main Property), inclusin€! placernent of a soil cap across the entire Main Preperty ans shoreline restoration. The post-remediation/post-NRD restoration conditio!]!:! assumed in this DE IS were developed using the 1983 Renton.Sh.Qreline Management Plan and other relevant infQrmalign as described in Appendix E of the DEIS. However as part of EPA's Q[eaQ!J~.l;t~J,;isjgn and any potential NRD settlement. EPA and the NRD trustees will require any necessary wetland mitigation/shoreline restoration, as determined by environmenta,L1::~illIJ.a!jQ!}s.,. It is EPA's positiOD...1l:!at.1!1itig!l-A9D.Iequirements, needed to compensate fQr environmental imJ;lacts resulting from cleanup actio!}s, such as filling existing wetlands to provide a clean soil surface will be based on environmental regulations in place at the time thaI EPA issues its Record of Decision for Ouendall Terminals estima!ed.l0 ... oC.c.IJLin 2014 NRD trustees will identify wetlandlshQfelin!Ues\oIatoo parameters, needed to settle past environmental damages as part of a potential natural resource damage INRDl settlement process. Both mitigation and restoration decisions will be made and probably implemented before site redevelopment. Therefore, the .ba.s.eJine in this DE IS represents the reasonable maximum of development-related impacts. In the event the final cleanup remedy selected by EPA and/or any potential NRD Lestor?\ion action will result in conditignsJ,ignifLcantly different from the baseline conditions described in this DEIS, the City will determine whether such changes warrant submittal of a supplemental EIS or other documentation as appropriate (see Chapter 2 for a complete list of the oleanupiremediation/NRD restoratio!} assumptions used to establish the baseline condition). Potential impacts associated with cleanuplremediation[NRD ..re.storation activities will be addressed through the separate EPA process/NRD processes. The DEIS impacts analyses Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWTJMHl"9M ggno9jH@Q9g 1-1 Chapter 1 assume an existing/baseline condition subsequent to cleanup/remediationlDtRJ:;Lfes1Qrat~n (that is the condition of the site after remediation/NRD restoration has been accomplished). 1.2 Proposed Actions The Proposed Actions for the Ouendall Terminals Redevelopment Project include: • Master Plan approval from the City; • Binding Site Plan approval from the City; • Shoreline Substantial Development Permit approval from the City; • Possible Development Agreement between the City and the applicant; • Other local, state and federal permit approvals for construction and redevelopment; and, • Construction and operation of the Ouendall Terminals Redevelopment Project. 1.3 Alternatives In order to disclose environmental information relevant to the Ouendall Terminals redevelopment and in compliance with SEPA, this DEIS evaluates two redevelopment alternatives (Alternative 1 -the subject of the November 2009 application, and Alternative 2 - a lower density alternative), as well as the No Action Alternative. Through further evaluation by the City and the applicant and based on public input, either the Alternative 1 redevelopment plan, the Alternative 2 redeveloprnent plan, a modification of either plan or a combination of the two plans could be carried forward for possible approval by the City. Alternative 1 -Application Mixed-use development under Alternative 1 would include 800 multifamily residential units, 245,000 square feet of office space, 21,600 square feet of retail space, and 9,000 square feet of restaurant space on the Main Property. Parking for 2,171 vehicles would be provided within the proposed buildings, in one surface parking area and along the main east/west roadway onsite. New public roadways and private driveways would provide vehicular access through the site and would include sidewalks and pedestrian amenities; private driveways would also provide additional access to the buildings at the north and south ends of the site. A proposed trail would provide pedestrian access to the Lake Washington shoreline. No new development is proposed on the Isolated Property under Alternative 1. Alternative 2 -Lower Density Alternative Mixed-use development under Alternative 2 would include 708 multifamily residential units, 21,600 square feet of retail space, and 9,000 square feet of restaurant space on the Main Property; no office uses would be provided under this alternative. Parking for 1,364 vehicles would be provided within the proposed buildings, in two surface parking areas, two deck parking areas and along the main east/west roadway. New public roadways and private driveways would provide vehicular access through the site and would include sidewalks and pedestrian amenities. A proposed trail would also provide pedestrian access to the Lake Washington shoreline. No new development is proposed on the Isolated Property under Alternative 2. Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 !1WTI.~1J7'9',JQQJ,l(t1~ 1·2 Chapter 1 No Action Alternative Under the No Action Alternative, no new mixed-use development would occur on the Quendall Terminals site at this time. Cleanup/remediation activities assooiates with the site's status as a :;;u~erfuns siterequired by EPA would still occur. A Shoreline Restoration Plan would also be implemented in conjunction with site cleanup/remediation and/or to resoille potential natural resource damagliS,.o«LaiIm;. Since the cleanup/remediation remedy plan will anticipate potential redevelopment of the site, if no redevelopment occurs under the No Action Alternative, the baseline condition (post-remediation) would likely be somewhat different than the baseline conditions assumed for Alternatives 1 and 2 (i.e. no shoreline trail 'Houls be oonstruotes ans an interirne.g., the stormwater control system would be installesnot be integrated into a redevelopment plan). 1.4 Impacts Table 1-1 highlights the impacts that would potentially result from the alternatives analyzed in this DEIS. This summary table is not intended to be a substitute for the complete discussion of each element that is contained in Chapter 3. Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 PWT 18417S9;'.I.~Q.l.2.62t.22l1ll!l4 1-3 Chapter 1 Earth Table 1·1 SUMMARY MATRIX Alternative 1 Alternative 2 No Action Alternative (Application) (Lower Density Alternative) • A minimal amount of clearing and grading • Same as Alternative 1. • Clearing and grading would not be required. (approximately 53,000 -133,000 CY of fill), primarily in the upland portion of the Main Property would be required for redevelopment. • Grading activities could impact the integrity • Same as Alternative 1. • Grading and potential disturbance of the soil of the soil caps th"trTl~ be installed during caps installed during site cleanup/remediation site cleanup/remediation. Implementation would not be required. of institutional controls to be defined in the final remediation plans would ensure that the caps would remain intact during excavation. • Site disturbance during construction. Same as Alternative 1. • Site disturbance and increased potential for activities could result in increased potential erosion and sedimentation would not occur. for erosion and sedimentation of on·site wetlands and Lake Washington. Significant impacts would not be expected with im plementation of the tem porary erosion and sedimentation control plan (TESCP) required by the City. • A deep building foundation system (i.e. • Same as Alternative 1 • Installation of deep foundations and utilities piles) and/or ground improvements would would not be required, and there would be no likely be required for structural support. potential to impact on·site soil caps and Installation of piles, as well as excavation transmit contamination. for utilities, could impact the integrity of the soil caps that may be installed during site remediation and could transmit contamination to site areas that are not contaminated. Siqnificant impacts would Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 T"\\lrr 1 <;;III 1 " ... 0 .... 1 l'l1'o1").;.no;: (){\f\{){\11 _' __ "CT __ ' '''' ',_'T' vv ..... v""' vvvvv' ----------------------- 1·4 Chapter 1 Alternative 1 (Application) not be expected with implementation of institutional controls defined in the final remediation plans. • Differential settlement could occur between structures that would be pile-supported and underground utilities serving the structures, causing damage to utility lines. Significant impacts would not be expected with im pie mentation of institutional controls defined in the final remediation plans. • With redevelopment, the amount of impervious surface area onsite and associated runoff rates would increase and could result in erosion hazards at stormwater outfalls at the lake. Significant impacts would not be expected with installation of a permanent stormwater control system, as required by the City, including energy dissipation measures at the outfalls. • Potential impacts to site structures could occur during seismic events due to ground motion, liquefaction and lateral spreading hazards. All proposed structures would be built to the most current IBC code to address potential effects of seismic events and buildings would likely be supported on piles to reduce these hazards. • Groundwater could be encountered during construction activities. Significant impacts would not be expected with dewatering and other construction techniques. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWLl84l"1L9£ftllWZG9, g00004 Alternative 2 No Action Alternative (Lower Density Alternative) • Same as Alternative 1. • Installation of piles and underground utilities would not be required and associated potential for settlement would not result. , • Same as Alternative 1. • Redevelopment would not occur and im pervious surfaces, stormwater runoff and potential for erosion would not increase. • Same as Alternative 1. • Redevelopment and associated potential for seismic impacts to structures would not occur. • Same as Alternative 1 . • Construction activities and potential to encounter groundwater would not occur. 1-5 Chapter 1 Alternative 1 (Application) • With redevelopment, impervious surfaces would increase and potential for infiltration of rainfall to underlying aquifers would decrease. However the majority of the recharge to the aquifers originates from off-site sources to the east, and significant impacts would not be expected. Critical Areas • The entirePortions of the Main Property wetMCQI.!)Q be capped with soil during site cleanupiremediation, resulting in the fill ef all ef the wetlanas ana eliminatien Fi~aFian habitat en this ~m~erty. Wetlanas will be Fe establishea,lex~anaeafillingof . some existing on-site wetlands. HQwever a greater area~ddillim.al we.t!and.s and riparian habitat will be FesFeatealenhansea witAwQul<LJ:!e_!;U;la.ted qS~~<lo~e~ult_QLsite cleanup/remediatiQn and implementation of the Shoreline Restoration Plan r~uired...as Qad of the cleanuQ/remediation and/or to resolve [.!otential natural resource d<lmagll§ c!.aims. • Proposed construction and redevelopment could cause indirect impacts to oo-site wetlands, riparian habitat and lake habitat relateGcreated during the cleanUf.!/remediatiQn and/or Qotential natural resource damages restoration. These imQacts could relate to hydrologic conditions (in the case of the wetlands) and potential for erosion and sediment deposition (particularly during construction). Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 Alternative 2 No Action Alternative (Lower Density Alternative) • Same as Alternative 1 . • Redevelopment and associated potential to impact underlying aquifers would not occur. • Same as Alternative 1. • Similar to Alternative 1; however, no additional riparian habitat restoration area is assumed to be established during site remediation/cleanup that would connect Wetlands A and D. • Same as Alternative 1. • Redevelopment and its associated potential to impact on-site wetlands, riparian habitat, and lake habitat would not occur. 1-6 Chapter 1 Alternative 1 (Application) Significant impacts, including to salmonid fish in the lake, would not be expected with implementation of a temporary erosion and sedimentation control plan (TESCP) during construction and installation of a permanent storm water control system, as required by the City. • With proposed redevelopment, no direct impacts would occur to the retaiReElle*paAEleEl ' .... ellaAEls (l,Il,lellaAEls I a~R IRe IsslaleEl PF9pefly, SF IRe r-e-establisheGle*paAEleEl wellaAEls (WeIlaAde;..A,O-aAd-H) SA IRe MaiA PF9pefly wetlands remaining afier cleanuQlremediation and/or golential n<llJ.![al resources resloratiorL. • With proposed redevelopment, under the gl.m as submitted and without furthElr modification or m iligalion a portion of the weiland buffer~ on Wetl<lnd D-wGUkl) QQU]d be reduced to a minimum of 25 feet; bowever other portions of the buffer WGUklcoul2 be expanded to provide com pensatory areas, as allowed by the buffer averaging provisions of the City of Renton Municipal Code._. _It is __ .EE!,\'s OOsition that it mal/impose addlti!m,,[ conditions lhal affect th!l.Mltl,md .. bl,lffe";. • PF9psseEl etlilEliA!lslA a!lElilieA Ie aR~ 5ffillaek FestliFsmsAls im9ssea evEPA, DroflOseG llwilaiAgsBuildings would be setback a minimum of 50 feet from the shoreline, as required by the City of Renton Shoreline Master ProQram. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 !)'liT '8tll.59I,I.Q()J21>9;.900QQ4 It is EPA's Alternative 2 No Action Alternative (Lower Density Alternative) , ! • Sam e as Alternative 1 . • Redevelopment and its associated potential to impact wetlands would not occur. • S<lme as Alternative 1. • Redevelopment and its associated potential to impact wetland buffers would not occur. • Same as Alternative 1. • No buildings would be built and no encroachment into the shoreline setback would occur. 1-7 Chapter 1 Alternative 1 (Application) RDsition~b<1t. it .. can im~Qse additiooal setback requiremel1ls... • Three storm water outfalls would be constructed within the shoreline areas. These outfalls would be located to avoid direct impacts to wetlands aOOremaining after cleanup/remediatimLaod/OL potential natumi resources restoratiQn. Th~QI.ltfaJJs would be designed to prevent erosions/siltation during construction and operation. Therefore, no significant impacts to wetlands and the lake would be expected. • With proposed redevelopment, the Shoreline Restoration Area would largely remain intact. A publically accessible trail with interpretive viewpoints WGHlGl:QlI]d be included in the shoreline area. The upland portion of the Main Property would be covered in buildings, paved areas and landscaping, providing habitat for certain wildlife species adapted to urban environments. Environmental Health • +he entirePortiQns of the Main Property WGHlGcould be capped with soil during site cleanup/remediation, limiting the potential for exposure to underlying contaminants. T-o-the greatest extent ~essi9Ie, this cap wooltilnstituliQnal CQntrQls \Q be defined in the. finaLr!rn:!.ediatiQn plans l!\!Q!Jld ensure that-.eaps remain intact with redevelopment. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWL~m9'\'1 gg3269Ul92!l1l4 proposed Alternative 2 No Action Alternative (Lower Density Alternative) • Same as Alternative 1. • No storm water outfalls would be constructed and no impacts to wetlands and the lake would occur. • Same as Alternative 1. • Redevelopment would not occur and no; shoreline trail would be constructed. • Same as Alternative 1 . • Same as Alternative 1, except that no redevelopment would occur at this time and no potential to disturb the soil cap would occur. 1-8 Chapter 1 Alternative 1 (Application) • The installation of deep foundations (i.e., piles) and utilities could generate contaminated soil and/or groundwater to which workers and City staff inspectors could be exposed. City staff that maintain utilities could also be exposed to contaminated soils/groundwater. With proper protection equipment, training and handling and disposal of contaminants, no significant impacts would be anticipated. • Volatile contaminants in the subsurface could generate vapors that could intrude into utility trenches and above-grade structures. With separation of living/working areas from contam inants (!;l,9,,_by tIle--soil GaIl~ and under-building parking}, as well as implementation of institutional controls specified during site remediation, no significant impacts would be anticipated. Enerav -Greenhouse Gases • Proposed redevelopment would result in and an increase in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions relative to existing conditions due to the increase in building density and site population. Development would result in an estimated 1,297,536.8 MTCO,e in lifespan GHG emissions. • New development would utilize energy in the form of electricity for heating, cooling, lighting and other energy demands, and natural gas for heating and cooking. Quenda/l Terminals Draft EIS December 20/0 D\!IT18~ 11;.1';"1_0032,9; 00000) Alternative 2 No Action Alternative (Lower Density Alternative) • Same as Alternative 1. • Installation of deep foundations and utilities would not be required, and workers/City staff would not be exposed to contaminants. • Same as Alternative 1. • Redevelopment would not occur, and there would be no potential for exposure of residents and employees to volatile contaminants. • Similar to Alternative 1 , however GHG • Redevelopment would not occur and GHG emissions would be less due to less building emissions would not increase. density and site population. Development would result in an estimated 860,434.8 MTCO,e in lifespan GHG emissions • Sim ilar to Alternative 1; however, energy • Redevelopment would not occur and energy usage would be lower due to lower density usage would not increase. development on the site. /-9 Chapter 1 Alternative 1 (Application) Land and Shoreline Use • Under the proposal, the site would be subdivided into seven lots, four of which would contain mixed-use development, and three of which would contain the Shoreline Restoration Area. • Redevelopment would occur in nine buildings on the Main Property, and would include: -800 residential units -Approx. 245,000 sq. ft. of offices uses -Approx. 21,600 sq. ft. of retail uses -Approx. 9,000 sq. ft. of restaurant uses -2,171 parking spaces No development would occur on the Isolated Property. • Site preparation and construction of buildings and infrastructure would result in temporary construction-related impacts to adjacent land uses over the buildout period (i.e.. air emission, noise and increased traffic). Due to the temporary nature of construction and required compliance with City of Renton construction code regulations, no significant impacts would be expected. • Redevelopment would convert the site from its current vacant, partially vegetated state to a mixed-use development, and would restore a Superfund site to a productive use. • Redevelopment would result in increased Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 Il\VT 1811];9; 1_09-3269; 9Q2001 Alternative 2 No Action Alternative (Lower Density Alternative) • Same as Alternative 1. • Redevelopment would not occur. The site would remain in the post-remediation condition, including the Shoreline Restoration Area. , • Redevelopment would occur in nine • No redevelopment would occur at this time. buildings on the Main Property, and would include: -708 residential units -No offices uses -Approx. 21,600 sq. ft. of retail uses -Approx. 9,000 sq. ft. of restaurant uses - 1 ,364 parking spaces No development would occur on the Isolated Property. • Same as Alternative 1 . • Site preparation and construction would not occur, and no temporary construction-related impacts on adjacent land uses would result. • Same as Alternative 1 . • Redevelopment would not occur and the site would remain in its current vacant, partially vegetated state. The Superfund site would not be restored to a productive use. • Sim ilar to Alternative 1; however, activity • Redevelopment would not occur and no 1-10 Chapter 1 Alternative 1 (Application) activity levels onsite (i.e., noise, traffic, etc.). In general, these activity levels would be greater than the adjacent residential uses to the south (Barbee Mill), but similar to the commercial uses to the north (Sea hawks Training 'Facility) and the existing and planned commercial and hotel uses to the east (proposed Hawk's Landing hotel and commercial uses east of 1-405). Activity levels would be consistent with the existing urban character of the area and no significant impacts would be expected. • Proposed buildings onsite would be up to 80 feet high, and from approximately 94,600 to 209,000 sq. ft. in size. The proposed height and bulk would be consistent with the type and size of development contemplated in the COR land use/zoning classification and the Urban shoreline environment. • Proposed buildings would be greater in height and bulk than the adjacent residential buildings to the south; however, they would generally be similar to the surrounding commercial and planned hotel buildings to the north and east. Existing off-site features (i.e. roadways and the PSE easement) and proposed on-site features (i.e. setbacks, driveways, parking areas and landscaping) would provide buffers between proposed buildings and adjacent uses. Architectural features would be included that are intended to enhance the compatibility of the proposed development with surrounding uses. Overall, no significant land use com~tibility impacts would be expected. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 QlVT .18117~' .1.903269) 000904 Alternative 2 (Lower Density Alternative) levels onsite and their associated potential to impact adjacent land uses would be less due to lower density development onsite. • Proposed buildings onsite would be up to 67 feet in height, and from approximately 77,000 to 112,800 sq. ft. in size. The proposed height and bulk would be consistent with the type and size of development contem plated in the COR land use/zoning classification and the Urban shoreline environment. • Similar to Alternative 1; however building height and bulk would be less. I-II No Action Alternative increases in activity levels would result. • No buildings would be built onsite at this time. • No buildings would be built onsite at this time, and no land use compatibility impacts would result. Chapter 1 Alternative 1 (Application) Relationshi!! to Plans, Policies and Reaulations • The proposed project would generally be consistent with applicable plans, policies and regulations, However, it is unclear at this time whether proposed redevelopment would be consistent with all of the COR land use/zoning classification goals and requirements, particularly regarding the design of the project. Possible mitigation measures could be implemented to enhance the design of the project and achieve consistency with these goals and requirements. Aesthetics Light and Glare • Proposed redevelopment would change the aesthetic character of the site to a new mixed-use development with nine buildings, roadways, parking areas, and open space/landscaping. Buildings would be seven stories and would range from 94,600 square feet to 209,000 square feet. • Proposed buildings would be greater in height and bulk than the adjacent Barbee Mill development to the south and would be generally similar in height and bulk to the Seahawks Headquarters and Training Facility to the north, • Views toward the site would change substantially to reflect a seven-story mixed-use development. Architectural features and landscaping would be Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 n\lIT 10..1 17<::llC •• l fl()"'~.<;nc (\f\f\(\flA ..,._!~_.----'--~_. __ , '?J""-LL~_"''''' __ '_,..r-vyv"""",, --~------------------------ Alternative 2 No Action Alternative (Lower Density Alternative) I I • Same as Alternative 1, • This alternative would not convert a Superfund' site to a productive use, and help the City reach its targets to provide housing and employment. City policies that encourage the provision of access to the shoreline would also not be met, as no publically accessible trail along the shoreline would be provided, • Similar to Alternative 1; however, proposed • This alternative would not change the aesthetic buildings would be six stories and would character of the site. range from 77,000 square feet to 112,800 square feet, • Similar to Alternative 1, although proposed • No building would be built onsite at this time and buildings would be slightly lower in height and no compatibility impacts would result. bulk. • Similar to Alternative 1; however proposed • Views toward the site would not change under buildings would be six stories. this alternative. 1-12 Chapter 1 Alternative 1 (Application) provided to enhance the project's visual appeal. Possible mitigation measure could be implemented to further enhance the aesthetic character of the development and maintain views of the lake. o View corridors are proposed along the main easUwest public roadway (Street "B") and along the private driveways at the north and south ends of the site to provide views across the site towards Lake Washington. Views toward the lake would be blocked or partially blocked from certain public view points. Possible mitigation measures could be implemented to enhance views across the site. o Proposed redevelopment would add new sources of light and glare, and would produce shadows at the site. New light sources would be similar to existing sources at the Barbee Mill development and Sea hawks Headquarters and Training Facility; however, the general lighting levels on the site would be higher. Noise levels would be typical of an urban development. Shadows from the project would not impact off-site uses, but would extend onto certain on-site outdoor areas. Transportation o The proposed redevelopment would generate approximately 9,000 daily vehicular trips at full buildout, including approximately 865 AM peak hour trips and 950 PM peak hour trips. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 1010 !)1\rTI811">9-S"l::2Qn69;~cOOO04 Alternative 2 No Action Alternative I (Lower Density Alternative) o Similar to Alternative 1. o Views towards the lake would not change under this alternative. o Similar to Alternative 1, except that lighting o No new sources of light, glare or shadows would levels would be lower due to lower building be provided under this alternative. density. o Proposed redevelopment would generate o This alternative would not generate any new approximately 5,800 daily vehicular trips at vehicular trips. full build out, including approximately 445 AM peak hour trips and 540 PM peak hour trips. 1-13 Chapter 1 Alternative 1 (Application) o With proposed redevelopment, four intersections would operate at LOS ElF at full buildout without the WSDOT 1-405 Improvement project at the 1-405/NE 44th Street interchange. One intersection would operate at LOS ElF at full buildout with the 1-405 Improvements. o Excessive southbound queues (between 700-800 feet) would be anticipated at the Lake Washington Boulevard/Ripley Lane N intersection without 1-405 Improvements. Excessive southbound queues at the Lake Washington Boulevard/Ripley Lane N intersection, as well as along Lake Washington Boulevard and adjacent intersections, would also be anticipated with 1-405 Improvements. o Without 1-405 Improvements, the site access at Ripley Lane N is anticipated to operate at LOS F and the site access at NE 43'· Street is anticipated to operate at LOS C/D. With 1-405 Improvements, site access at Ripley Lane is anticipated to operate at LOS CID and site access at NE 43'" Street is expected to operate at LOS D. o Given the site location, it is anticipated that the proposed redevelopment would be occupied by residents and employees who Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 Q}YJcJMHf1"~Y~~ Alternative 2 No Action Alternative (Lower Density Alternative) o Similar to Alternative 1. o Redevelopment would not occur and no associated changes to LOS operations would result. o Similar to Alternative 1. o Redevelopment would not occur and no queuing impacts would result. o Similar to Alternative 1. o Redevelopment would not occur and no changes to site access points would result. o Similar to Alternative 1 o No impacts to public transportation are anticipated under this alternative. 1-14 Chapter 1 Alternative 1 (Application) primarily rely on personal automobiles and no significant impacts to public transportation would be anticipated. • Increases in population onsite would result in associated increased need for non-motorized facilities. Curbs, gutters and sidewalks would be provided on site, as well as along the west side of Lake Washington Boulevard and Ripley Lane N. A publically accessible trail is also proposed along the shoreline. • 2,153 parking stalls would be required based on the City of Renton MuniCipal Code standards; 2,171 parking spaces would be provided onsite. Parking demand is estimated to be approximately 2,107 stalls on a weekday and 1,251 stalls on weekend day. Demand could be reduced by 20 percent on weekdays and 55 percent on weekend days through the implementation of shared parking between residential and commercial uses. Bicycle parking would be provided in accordance with City of Renton standards. Parks and Recreation • Approximately 11.7 acres of open space and related areas would be provided onsite, including: paved plazas, natural areas, landscaped areas, unpaved trails and sidewalks. These areas mayor may not Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 !<WIIUlmS"'LO~J~6~ Alternative 2 No Action Alternative I (Lower Density Alternative) I • Similar to Alternative 1. • No impacts to non-motorized transportation facilities would occur under this alternative. • 1,362 parking stalls would be required under • No new parking would be provided onsite under this alternative; 1,364 parking spaces this alternative. would be provided onsite. Similar parking demand relationships would occur under Alternative 2. • Similar to Alternative 1, except that slightly • No redevelopment would occur and the site more open space and related areas would be would remain as an open area. No publically provided onsite (11.8 acres). accessible shoreline trail would be provided in conjunction with site cleanup/remediation. 1-15 Chapter 1 Alternative 1 (Application) meet the City's standards, regulations and procedures for open space. Approximately 3.4 acres of the on-site open space and related areas would be visually and andin some are§s. to the extent consistent with the ROD and/or any NRD selliemeI1l, physically accessible to the general public (i.e. tRe Aat~Fal 6R9FeliAe aFea aAd!Wj.. the shoreline trail, F8speGti'lely) . • Increases in the on-site residential population (1,300 reSidents), as well as on-site employees (1,050 employees) would increase demands on neighborhood and regional parks, open space, trails and recreation facilities. Parks/recreational facilities most likely to receive increased demand would include facilities near the site, such as: May Creek Greenway, Kennydale Beach Park, and Gene Coulon Memorial Park. The latter two parks are already at or exceeding capacity on warm days; the proposal would contribute to these capacity issues. Additional parks and recreational facilities could be needed in the City, based on the increased on-site population. Certain on-site facilities (i.e., the shoreline trail) would provide opportunities for passive recreation. Areas for active recreation could be provided onsite as well. Parks mitigation/impact fees would be paid to help offset the impacts of the project on City parks and recreational facilities. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 g\\'JJ&117l:9j,}LO.Qg'9S ... Q.rrQOO4 Alternative 2 (Lower Density AlternativElL • Similar to Alternative 1, except that there would be slightly less residents on the site (1,132 reSidents) and fewer employees (50 employees); demands on neighborhood and regional parks, ope~s space, trails and recreation facilities would be reduced accordingly. 1-16 No Action Alternative • Redevelopment would not occur and there would be no additional demand for parks, open space, trails or recreation facilities. Chapter 1 1.5 Mitigation Measures and Significant Unavoidable Adverse Impacts The following list presents the mitigation measures and significant unavoidable adverse impacts that would potentially result from the redevelopment alternatives analyzed in this DEIS. Required/proposed mitigation measures are those actions to which the applicant has committed and/or are required by code, laws or local, state and federal regulations. Possible mitigation measures are actions that could be undertaken, but are not necessary to mitigate significant impacts, and are above and beyond those proposed by the applicant. Earth Mitigation Measures Required/Proposed Mitigation Measures During Construction • A temporary erosion and sedimentation control plan (TESCP), including Best Management Practices (BMPs) for erosion and sedimentation control, would be implemented, per the 2009 KCSWD adopted by the City of Renton. This plan would include the following measures: All temporary (and/or permanent) devices used to collect stormwater runoff would be directed into tightlined systems that would discharge to an approved stormwater facility. Soils to be reused at the site during construction would be stockpiled or stored in such a manner to minimize erosion from the stock pile. Protective measures could include covering with plastic sheeting and the use of silt fences around pile perimeters. During construction, silt fences or other methods, such as straw bales, would be placed along surface water runoff collection areas in proximity to Lake Washington and the adjacent wetlands to reduce the potential of sediment discharge into these waters. In addition, rock check dams would be established along roadways during construction. Temporary sedimentation traps or detention facilities would be installed to provide erosion and sediment transport control during construction. • A geotechnical engineer would review the grading and TESCP plans prior to final plan design to ensure that erosion and sediment transport hazards are addressed during and following construction. As necessary, additional erosion mitigation measures could be required in response to specific design plans. • Site preparation for roadways, utilities and structures, and the placement and compaction of structural fill would be based upon the recommendations of a geotechnical engineer. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 \>" 'I!.i.'.! 7j9'H.~W}269;gg900 , 1-18 Chapter 1 • Temporary excavation dewatering would be conducted if groundwater is encountered during excavation and construction activities. Such dewatering activities would be conducted in a manner that would minimize potential impacts due to settlement. • Structural fill would be placed to control the potential for settlement of adjacent areas; adjacent structures/areas would be monitored to verify that no significant settlement occurs. • Deep foundation systems (such as piles or aggregate piers) would be installed and/or ground improvements would be made to minimize potential damage from soil settlement, consolidation, spreading and liquefaction. • If deep foundation systems (such as piles or aggregate piers) are used to support structures, the following measures would be implemented: Measures would be employed to ensure that the soil cap would not be affected and that installation of the piles/piers would not mobilize contamination that is currently contained by the cap. Such measures could include: installation of surface casing through the contaminated zone; installation of piles composed of impermeable materials (steel or cast-in-place concrete) using soil displacement methods; the use of pointed tip piles to prevent carry down of contamination; and, the use of ground improvement technologies, such as in-place densification or compaction grouting. - A pile vibration analysis and vibration monitoring would be conducted during pile installation in order to ensure that impacts due to vibration do not occur. -Suitable pile and pile hammer types would be matched to the subsurface conditions to achieve the required penetrations with minimal effort to reduce potential vibration. Potential pile types could include driven open-end steel pipe piles, driven closed-end steel pipe piles, or driven cast-in-place concrete piles. Potential hammer types could include percussion hammers or vibratory hammers. Suitable hammer and pile cushion types would be used for the specific conditions to reduce potential noise. A typical hammer employs the use of a heavy impact hammer that is controlled by a lead, which is in turn supported by a crane. Pile installation would occur during regulated construction hours. • Fill soils would be properly placed and cuts would be utilized to reduce the potential for landslide impacts during (and after) construction. • The appropriate management of contaminated soils that could be disturbed and groundwater that could be encountered during redevelopment of the site would be addressed through the cleanup/remediation process and by institutional control requirements overseen by EPA (see Section 3.3, Environmental Health, for details). Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 PWTlgj 17>9,"JOQJ2'2'oQgo24 1-19 Chapter 1 Following Construction • A permanent stormwater control system would be installed in accordance with the 2009 KCSWDM adopted by City of Renton. • Offshore outfall locations for stormwater discharge from the permanent stormwater control system would be equipped with energy dissipation structures or other devices to prevent erosion of the lake bottom. • All buildings would be designed in accordance with the 2009 IBC (or the applicable design codes that are in effect at the time of construction) to address the potential for seismic impacts. • The majority of the site would be covered with impervious surfaces following redevelopment. Permanent landscaping would also be provided to reduce the potential for erosion and sedimentation with redevelopment. Other Possible Mitigation Measures • Flexible utility connections could be employed to minimize the risk of damage to the lines due to differential settlement between structures and underground utilities. Significant Unavoidable Adverse Impacts There would be a risk of ground motion impacts and landslides beneath Lake Washington adjacent to the site during a seismic event; however, such impacts would occur with or without the proposed redevelopment. No significant unavoidable earth-related impacts would be anticipated. Critical Areas Mitigation Measures Required/Proposed Mitigation Measures During Construction • A temporary erosion and sedimentation control plan (TESCP), including Best Management Practices (BMPs) for erosion and sedimentation control, would be implemented during construction, per the 2009 King County Surface Water Design Manual (KCSWDM) adopted by the City of Renton (see Section 3.1, Earth, and Appendix D for details). Implementation of this plan would prevent or limit impacts to the lake and shoreline wetlands from erosion and sedimentation. Following Construction • Proposed redevelopment would avoid direct impacts to the retainse!rs sstatJlishse!sxpanese wstlanes onsiteonsite wetlands remaining after cleanup/remediation and/or potential natural resources res19J8.ikln. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 P'.''IlS.ll};!l,.IOO1WHlIJOOQ4 1-20 Chapter 1 • Re established/expanded weliands\IVetiands remaining after cleanup/remediation and/or potential natural resources r~JQ[<;jtion would be retained in an open space tract that includes required buffers and a riparian habitat enhancement area. • Wetland In addition to any conditions imposed by EPA. wetland buffer areas would meet or exceed the minimum City-required buffers for 'Nellands lI, D and 1=1 (the Wetland D lwffeFunder the applicgg]e Critical Areas Ordinance or would meet the City's requirement through buffer averaging). Wetland I and J wOlolld als9 be provided with blolffers that rreet or exseed City reqlolirerrents. • Proposedln addition to any conditions imposed by EPA, propOl1~g buildings would be setback a minimum of 50 feet from the OHWM, as reqlolired by in compliance with the City of Renton's 1983 Shoreline Master Program, which requires a minimum setback of 50 feet for commercial uses and :25 feet for residential uses for Categorv 2 wetlands (see Section ;liQLadditional details). • A permanent stormwater control system would be installed consistent with the requirements of the 2009 KCSWDM adopted by the City of Renton. The system would collect and convey stormwater runoff to Lake Washington via a tight-lined system. Water quality treatment would be provided for runoff from pollution-generating surfaces to prevent water quality impacts to the lake and shoreline wetlands. • Native plant species would be included within landscaping of the redeveloped upland area on the Main Property to the extent feasible, and could provide some limited habitat benefits to native wildlife species. • Introduction of noxious weeds or invasive species would be avoided to the extent practicable in areas re-vegetated as part of the proposed redevelopment. Together with the native species planted, this would help limit the unnecessary spread of invasive species that could adversely affect the suitability of open space habitats on site and in the vicinity for wildlife. • A publicly accessible, unpaved trail would be provided through the shoreline area that would include interpretive wetland viewpoints. Other Possible Mitigation Measures • Trenching for utilities and stormwater outfalls could be incorporated into site grading associated with remediation efforts to limit or prevent later disturbance of re-vegetated areas. • Upland areas on the Main Property could be temporarily re-vegetated following site remediation, depending on the timing of redevelopment. Significant Unavoidable Adverse Impacts No significant unavoidable adverse impacts to critical areas would be antiCipated. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 P"'T 18417,9, I Q01'R.~I.OOO.001 1-21 Chapter 1 Environmental Health Mitigation Measures Required/Proposed Mitigation Measures • Redevelopment of the site is being coordinated with the cleanup/remediation process, and would be conducted consistent with the requirements in the final cleanup remedy selected and overseen by EPA, and with any associated institutional controls. • The appropriate management of contaminated soils that could be disturbed and groundwater that could be encountered during redevelopment of the site would be addressed through the cleanuplremediation process and by institutional control requirements overseen by EPA. As necessary, lightweight fill materials, special capping requirements, vapor barriers and other measures would be implemented to ensure that unacceptable exposures to contaminated soils, groundwater or vapors would not occur. • Institutional controls would be followed to prevent the alteration of theensure the long-term integrity and protectiveness of any soil Gap l'Iithollt EPA approval~, and to prevent the use of on-site groundwater for any purpose. • An Operations, Maintenance and Monitoring Plan would be implemented to prevent the excavation of any buried contaminated soils,--.O.[ installation of utilities or other site disturbances in contaminated soil areas without prior EPA approval. • As necessary, personal protection equipment for workers would be used and special handling and disposal measures followed during construction activities to prevent contact with hazardous materials and substances. • Living/working areas on the Main Property would be separated from soil/groundwater contaminants by under-building garages; institutional controls would also be implemented to prevent exposure to unacceptable vapors. Other Possible Mitigation Measures • Planned utilities (including the main utility corridors) could be installed as part of the planned remedial action so that disturbance of-the soil Gafl~ and underlying contaminated soils/groundwater would not be necessary subsequent to capping of the Main Property. • Personal protection measures and special training shollidcouid be provided for City of Renton staff that provide inspection during construction and maintenance following construction in areas of the site that could generate contaminated soils or groundwater. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 9~!.T .. !.~j . .I.l.~9.! .' .!.QQJ269!.QQQOo.1 1-22 Chapter 1 • Buried utilities and public roads serving the site development shouldCQJJ.[d be placed in clean fill material (with the utilities in a trench with sufficient width and depth of 3 to 4 feet below the invert of the utility), along with an acceptable barrier to prevent recontamination of the clean fill material, in order to protect the utility from contamination and to allow future maintenance of the road or utility lines. Significant Unavoidable Adverse Impacts No significant unavoidable adverse environmental health-related impacts would be anticipated. Energy -Greenhouse Gas Emissions Mitigation Measures Other Possible Mitigation Measures • Development could incorporate low-impact/sustainable design features into the design of proposed buildings on the site to reduce the demand for energy and reduce the amount of GHG emissions. Such features have not been identified at this time, but could include architectural design features; sustainable building materials; use of energy efficient products; natural drainage/green roof features; use of native plants in landscaping; and/or, other design features. Significant Unavoidable Adverse Impacts Development on the Quendall Terminals site would result in an increase in demand for energy and an increase in GHG emissions. However, the direct and indirect impacts of GHG emissions and energy use under Alternative 1 and 2 would not be considered significant. Determining whether the cumulative impacts of GHG emissions and energy use from development of the Quendall Terminals site is significant or not significant implies the ability to measure incremental effects of global climate change. The body of research and law necessary to connect individual land uses, development projects, operational activities, etc. with the broader issue of global warming remains weak. Scientific research and analysis tools sufficient to determine a numerical threshold of significance are not available at this time and any conclusions would be speculative. Further information on the potential cumulative impacts of GHG emissions is not considered essential to a reasoned choice among the alternatives in this DEIS. Land and Shoreline Use Mitigation Measures Required/Proposed Mitigation Measures • New driveways, landscaping, surface parking areas and proposed building setback areas would provide a buffer between proposed buildings and adjacent land uses. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWTJHII>9l,J991.695OQOOO' 1-23 Chapter 1 • Proposed landscaping, particularly along the north and south boundaries of the Main Property, would provide a partial visual screen between proposed buildings and adjacent uses (see Figure 2-7, Preliminary Landscape Plan -Alternative 1). • Architectural features (i.e., roof slope, fao;:ade modulation, building materials, etc.) would be incorporated into the design of each building and are intended to enhance the compatibility between the proposed development and surrounding land uses (see Figures 2-5 and 2-9 for representative architectural elevations and Section 3.7, AestheticsNiews, for further information on the building and site design). • A fire mitigation/impact fee would be paid for the proposed development at the time of building permit issuance to help offset the impacts of the project on the City's emergency services. Significant Unavoidable Adverse Impacts Redevelopment under Alternative 1 and Alternative 2 would result in the conversion of the approximately 21.5-acre Quendall Terminals site from a vacant, partially vegetated area to a new mixed-use development with an associated increase in building density and activity levels. No significant unavoidable adverse land use impacts would be anticipated. Relationship to Plans, Policies and Regulations Significant Unavoidable Adverse Impacts The proposed redevelopment would generally be consistent with applicable plans, policies and regulations. However, it is unclear at this time whether the project would be consisted with all of the COR land use/zoning classification goals and requirements, particularly regarding project design. AestheticsNiews Mitigation Measures Required/Proposed Mitigation Measures • Building design would include a variety of details and materials that are intended to create a human scale and provide a visually interesting streetscape and fao;:ade, such as horizontal plan modulation, projecting vertical elements, and alternating fao;:ade materials and details. • Street-level, under-building parking areas would be concealed from sidewalks and streets by retail and offices uses along certain fao;:ades. Where this parking extends to the exterior of the building, elements, such as architectural fayade components, trellises, berms and landscaping, would be used for screening. • Public view corridors toward Lake Washington are proposed provided along the main east/west roadway onsite (Street "B") and along the private driveways at the north and south ends of the site. Public views of the lake would also be possible from the publically Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 gWT 1.*.1J.Z;9; .. ,.' .. QQ.~~2; .. QqqQqJ 1-24 Chapter 1 accessible trail in the shoreline restoration area in the western portion of the Main Property. Additional views of the lake would be provided for project residents from semi-private landscaped courtyard areas between the new buildings onsite. • New landscaping would be provided in the upland area of the Main Property that is intended to enhance the visual character of the site. Landscaping would include new trees, shrubs and groundcovers of various sizes and species. • A landscaped edge along the north and south boundaries of the site would provide a buffer and partial visual screen between new development on the site and adjacent properties. • The natural vegetation in shoreline restoration areas on the Main Property and on the Isolated Property would be retained with proposed site development. Other Possible Mitigation Measures • The amount of required parking could be reduced, relocated or redesigned (i.e. though implementation of transportation demand management measures or other means) so that additional areas of the street-level, under-building parking could be setback from the exterior of the building, particularly along Streets "A", "C" and the lake side of the development. This would allow other uses, including retail, restaurant, commercial and residential uses, and plaza areas to occupy these areas and potentially enhance the aesthetic character at the ground level. • Exterior building lighting, parking lot lighting and pedestrian lighting could be directed downward and away from surrounding buildings and properties to minimize the impacts to adjacent uses. • Reflectivity of glazing materials, as well as the use of shading devices, could be considered as part of the fac;:ade design in order to minimize the potential glare impacts to surrounding uses. • Building modulation or design treatments such as tiering/tapering or stepping the building back as the height increases and/or building setbacks could be provided, particularly along the shoreline, to enhance the aesthetic character of development and retain views of Lake Washington. • Building heights along the shoreline could be reduced to maintain views of Lake Washington. • The surface parking located adjacent to the shoreline under Alternative 2 and the parking at the terminus of Street "B" could be relocated on the site to enhance the aesthetic character of development, particularly from the shoreline trail. • Design features such as: public art, special landscape treatment, additional open space/plazas, landmark building form, special paving/pedestrian scale lighting, or prominent architectural features could be provided as part of development to further enhance the gateway/landmark features on the site. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 .RurT..1.84)}~9'··19QH.9'"9OO9g~ 1-25 Chapter I Significant Unavoidable Adverse Impacts Development of the Quendall Terminals site under Alternatives 1 and 2 would change the site from its existing open, partially vegetated condition to a new mixed-use development. The proposed development would represent a continuation of urban development along the Lake Washington shoreline. The proposed building height and bulk would be generally similar to surrounding uses (i.e. the Sea hawks Headquarters and Training Facility and the planned Hawk's Landing Hotel) and greater than other uses in the area (i.e. the Barbee Mill residential development). Certain views across the site towards Lake Washington and Mercer Island would be obstructed with the proposed development; however, view corridors towards Lake Washington and Mercer Island would be established and new viewing areas along the lake would also be provided. No significant light, glare, or shadow impacts would be anticipated. Parks and Recreation Mitigation Measures Required/Proposed Mitigation Measures Public Open Space and Related Areas/Fees 1 • A parks mitigation/impact fee would be paid for each multifamily unit in the proposed development at the time of building permit issuance to help offset the impacts of the project on City parks and recreation facilities. • 3.4 acres (Alternative1 )/3.5 acres (Alternative 2) of public open space and related areas would be provided on the site-#!at--: wetland and restoration areas would be visually afl€iaccessible to the public and to the eK\eoo allowed in the ROD or any NRD settlem§!Jt, may be physically accessible 10 IAe fJubliG, inGlu9in~~'oL~!2illl the shoreline trail-arul nalural ofJen sfJace areas alon~ IAe sAereline.J • Frontage improvements, including sidewalks, would be provided along the west side of Lake Washington Boulevard and Ripley Lane N along the site. These sidewalks could connect to sidewalks to the north and south, which connect to other pedestrian facilities in the area. • Public parking for the shoreline trail would likely be provided in the same general area as the retail/restaurant parking; the applicant would specifically identify this parking prior to site plan approval. • Signage, detours and safety measures would be put in place to detour bicyclist utilizing the Lake Washington Loop trail at time of construction. 1 Hours of public access would need to meet park standards of sunrise to sunset to count toward public recreation. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 1-26 Chapter 1 l)urTI8117>95··I.@n'95~og9B1 Measures to Improve Semi-Private Recreation Access for Residents • Semi-private landscaped courtyards on top of the parking garages would be provided as shared open space for residents of the site. These areas would help to meet the demand for passive recreation facilities from project residents. • Street level landscaping, plazas and sidewalks would be provided. These areas would help meet the project's demand for passive recreation facilities. Other Possible Mitigation Measures Public Open Space and Related Areas 2 • The hours of use of the shoreline trail could be extended to sunrise to sunset, consistent with other City of Renton parks, in order to meet the requirements for public access. • The connection between the shoreline trail and Lake Washington Boulevard could be enhanced by providing wider sidewalks (i.e. 12-foot wide) that are part of public rights-of-way. • Additional open space could be provided onsite for active recreation (i.e. frisbee, softball, etc.). • A crosswalk across Lake Washington Boulevard could be provided in order to connect to the May Creek Trail on the east side of the Boulevard. Measures to Improve Semi-Private Recreation Access for Residents • Shared roof gardens and indoor amenity space (i.e. gyms, common rooms, etc.) could be provided as part of the project. Significant Unavoidable Adverse Impacts Residents of the proposed development would use nearby parks and recreation facilities, including Gene Coulon Memorial Park and Kennydale Beach Park, which are already at or exceeding capacity in the summer. Demand from, project residents would contribute to the existing capacity issues at these parks. Transportation Mitigation Measures 2 Ibid. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 1010 .!1W.TJ.~.1.lt!9;.,.J.·.~.q.l .. !~·ggg9g1 1-17 Chapter 1 Based upon the results of the transportation analysis of future intersection operations, general key findings include: • There exists today and will be in the future a moderate to high level of background traffic that travels in the vicinity of the site area given approved and other planned pipeline projects. • The existing transportation network with and without 1-405 Improvements would adequately accommodate Alternatives 1 and 2 at full buildout in 2015, with the additional required/proposed transportation improvements (listed below) Required/Proposed Mitigation Measures Level of Service / Queuing With 1-405 Improvements -Alternative 1 and Alternative 2 The following improvements (in addition to the planned 1-405 Improvements) would be necessary under Alternative 1 and Alternative 2 to mitigate off-site impacts: • Lake Washington Boulevard (between Barbee Mill Access (N 43'd Street) and Ripley Lane N. Extend the planned eastbound and westbound through lanes by WSDOT beyond and through the Barbee Mill access intersection. This would result in two through lanes in each direction on Lake Washington Boulevard from the 1-405 interchange past the Barbee Mill access (NE 43'd Street). Ultimately, the City of Renton will determine the best configuration given ongoing coordination with WSDOT on the adjacent interchange design, the Port of Seattle (owner of the vicinity rail right-of-way), and adjacent private development. • Intersection #3 -Ripley Lane N/ Lake Washington Boulevard. Construct a southbound left-turn lane at this signalized intersection (signal assumed as an 1-405 Improvement). Without 1-405 Improvements -Alternative 1 and Alternative 2 Without the planned 1-405 Improvements, the following improvements would be necessary under Alternative 1 and Alternative 2 to mitigate off-site impacts: • Install Traffic Signals. Install traffic signals at the intersections of the 1-405 NB and SB ramp intersections, as well as at the intersection of Ripley Lane N/Lake Washington Boulevard. • Intersection #1 -1-405 NB Ramps/NE 44th Street. Widen the southbound and northbound approaches so that a separate left turn lane and shared thru-right turn lane is provided on both legs of the intersection. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 1)'/'TliII1,9;"'lijijJ.o95H@Qij4 1-28 Chapter 1 • Intersection #3 -Ripley Lane N/ Lake Washington Boulevard. Widen the westbound approach to include a separate right turn-only lane. • Lake Washington Boulevard (between Barbee Mill Access (N 43'd Street) and 1-405 SB Ramps. Construct additional channelization improvements between the Barbee Mill access and the 1-405 SB ramps. Alternatively, additional eastbound and westbound lanes could be constructed to provide additional queue storage created by the traffic signals required at the SB ramp and Ripley Lane along Lake Washington Boulevard. Ultimately, the City of Renton will detenmine the best configuration given ongoing coordination with WSDOT on the adjacent interchange design, the Port of Seattle (owner of the vicinity rail right-of-way) and adjacent private development. See Appendix H for detailed level of service worksheets for the mitigation measures outlined above to meet the City of Renton and WSDOT standards. Non-Motorized Transportation • Infrastructure improvements within the site would include full curbs, gutters and sidewalks, as well as frontage improvements (curb, gutter and sidewalk) along the west side of Lake Washington Boulevard and Ripley Lane N in front of the project site. Provisions for safe pedestrian circulation could encourage future transit usage when planned public transit becomes available. • A pedestrian trail would be provided onsite along the shoreline that would be accessible to the public and would connect to Lake Washington Boulevard through the internal sidewalk system. City of Renton Mitigation/Impact Fees • In addition to the project-specific mitigation measures described above, a traffic mitigation/impact fee would be paid for the proposed development at the time of building permit issuance to help offset the impacts of the project on the City's roadways. Parking • The proposed parking supply under Alternatives 1 and 2 would meet the minimum off-street parking requirements of the City of Renton. Other Possible Mitigation Measures Level of Service/Queuing • Implementation of Transportation Demand Management (TOM) measures could reduce the number of vehicle trips and thus provide some benefit to improving LOS and queuing impacts at study intersections. Public Transportation Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 1)'I'T .. IBll7'2'yl@J.o2'H99QQ1 1-29 Chapter 1 • In order to promote a multi modal transportation network, redevelopment on the Ouendall Terminals site could include site amenities (i.e. planting strip, street lighting, etc.) and access to future transit zones on Lake Washington Boulevard and at the 1-405/NE 44th Street interchange to encourage and accommodate public transportation access in the future (future potential public transportation in the vicinity could include Bus Rapid Transit on 1-405 planned by Sound Transit and WSDOT with a flyer stop at the 1-405/NE 44th Street interchange). Non-Motorized Transportation • A paved bicycle lane could be provided along the east side of Ripley Lane to mitigate potential conflicts between bicycles and the Ouendall Terminals site access point on Ripley Lane. Parking • Shared parking agreements between on-site uses and implementation of transportation demand management (TDM) measures for proposed office and residential uses could be implemented to potentially reduce parking demand during peak periods, thereby reducing the necessary parking supply. Fire Apparatus Access • Fire access would be provided per Renton Municipal Code, or City approved alternative fire protection measures could be proposed by the applicant. Significant Unavoidable Adverse Impacts No significant unavoidable adverse transportation impacts would be anticipated. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS Decemher 2010 J;lv'TI8 4I ml, I003'·"'.OoqQQ~ 1-30 Chapter 1 ]:L~lJ[llenLc~mparison by Workshare Compare on Monday. October 24. 2011 Legend: Insertion . peletiea MeveafFem I'ormatchange Inserted cell Deleted cell Moved cell SpliUMeroed cell Padding cell Statjstjg; ; CQunt Illser::tiQ!Jli 2 DeleliQlls 2 MQved from Q MQved to Q SMe cballge Q EQ[mal cba Ilged Q Tola I cballges 12 Document comparison by Workshare Compare on Monday, October 24, 2011 11 -40·00 AM Input: Document 1 ID file:/IC:\Users\paks\Desktop\DEIS\1 0-13-11\Chapter 1 [Original].docx Description Chapter 1 [Original] Document 2 ID interwovenSite:/IdwtdocslDWT/18419568/1 Description #18419568v1<DWT> -Chapter 1 CMP Rendering set standard Legend: Insertion geietisfl Ms\'ea ffSffi MQvedJo Style change Fonnat change Mtwea.em4tw I nserted cell Deleted cell Moved cell Split/Merged cell Padding cell Statistics: Count Insertions 117 Deletions 48 Moved from 0 Moved to 0 Style change 0 Format changed 0 Total changes 165 1.1 Introduction CHAPTER 1 SUMMARY This chapter provides a summary of the Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) for the Quendall Terminals Redevelopment Project. It briefly describes the Application (Alternative 1), Lower Density Alternative (Alternative 2) and No Action Alternative, and contains a comprehensive overview of significant environmental impacts identified for the alternatives. Please see Chapter 2 of this DEIS for a more detailed description of the alternatives, and Chapter 3 for a detailed presentation of the affected environment, significant impacts of the alternatives, mitigation measures, and significant unavoidable adverse impacts. The Quendall Terminals site includes an approximately 20.3-acre Main Property along Lake Washington and an approximately 1.2-acre Isolated Property to the northeast. The site has received a Superfund designation from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and will undergo cleanup/remediation under the oversight of EPA prior to redevelopment. The Quendall Terminals owners and EPA are currently conducting a remedial investigation and feasibility study at the site. This work is being conducted under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA; i.e., Superfund). CERCLA cleanup actions to be specified in a final cleanup remedy are assumed to include remediation of hazardous substances in lake sediments and uplands of the site (Main Property). The post-remediation/post-NRD restoration conditions assumed in this DEIS were developed using the 1983 Renton Shoreline Management Plan and other relevant information as described in Appendix E of the DEIS. However, as part of EPA's cleanup decision and any potential NRD settlement, EPA and the NRD trustees will require any necessary wetland mitigation/shoreline restoration, as determined by environmental regulations. It is EPA's position that mitigation requirements, needed to compensate for environmental impacts resulting from cleanup actions, such as filling existing wetlands to provide a clean soil surface, will be based on environmental regulations in place at the time that EPA issues its Record of Decision for Quendall Terminals estimated to occur in 2014, NRD trustees will identify wetland/shoreline restoration parameters, needed to settle past environmental damages, as part of a potential natural resource damage (NRD) settlement process. Both mitigation and restoration decisions will be made and probably implemented before site redevelopment. Therefore, the baseline in this DE IS represents the reasonable maximum of development- related impacts. In the event the final cleanup remedy selected by EPA and/or any potential NRD restoration action will result in conditions significantly different from the baseline conditions described in this DEIS, the City will determine whether such changes warrant submittal of a supplemental EIS or other documentation as appropriate (see Chapter 2 for a complete list of the remediation/NRD restoration assumptions used to establish the baseline condition). Potential impacts associated with remediation/NRD restoration activities will be addressed through the separate EPAlNRD processes. The DEIS impacts analyses assume an existing/baseline condition subsequent to remediation/NRD restoration (that is the condition of the site after remediation/NRD restoration has been accomplished). Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417595v3 0032695-000004 1-1 Chapter 1 1.2 Proposed Actions The Proposed Actions for the Quendall Terminals Redevelopment Project include: • Master Plan approval from the City; • Binding Site Plan approval from the City; • Shoreline Substantial Development Permit approval from the City; • Possible Development Agreement between the City and the applicant; • Other local, state and federal pemrit approvals for construction and redevelopment; and, • Construction and operation of the Quendall Terminals Redevelopment Project. 1.3 Alternatives In order to disclose environmental information relevant to the Quendall Terminals redevelopment and in compliance with SEPA, this DEIS evaluates two redevelopment alternatives (Alternative 1 -the subject of the November 2009 application, and Alternative 2 - a lower density alternative), as well as the No Action Alternative. Through further evaluation by the City and the applicant and based on public input, either the Alternative 1 redevelopment plan, the Alternative 2 redevelopment plan, a modification of either plan or a combination of the two plans could be carried forward for possible approval by the City. Alternative 1 -Application Mixed-use development under Alternative 1 would include 800 multifamily residential units, 245,000 square feet of office space, 21,600 square feet of retail space, and 9,000 square feet of restaurant space on the Main Property. Parking for 2,171 vehicles would be provided within the proposed buildings, in one surface parking area and along the main east/west roadway onsite. New public roadways and private driveways would provide vehicular access through the site and would include sidewalks and pedestrian amenities; private driveways would also provide additional access to the buildings at the north and south ends of the site. A proposed trail would provide pedestrian access to the Lake Washington shoreline. No new development is proposed on the Isolated Property under Alternative 1. Alternative 2 -Lower Density Alternative Mixed-use development under Alternative 2 would include 708 multifamily residential units, 21,600 square feet of retail space, and 9,000 square feet of restaurant space on the Main Property; no office uses would be provided under this alternative. Parking for 1,364 vehicles would be provided within the proposed buildings, in two surface parking areas, two deck parking areas and along the main east/west roadway. New public roadways and private driveways would provide vehicular access through the site and would include sidewalks and pedestrian amenities. A proposed trail would also provide pedestrian access to the Lake Washington shoreline. No new development is proposed on the Isolated Property under Alternative 2. No Action Alternative Under the No Action Alternative, no new mixed-use development would occur on the Quendall Terminals site at this time. Cleanup/remediation activities required by EPA would still occur. A Shoreline Restoration Plan would also be implemented in conjunction with site Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 184 1 7595v3 0032695-000004 1-2 Chapter 1 cleanup/remediation and/or to resolve potential natural resource damages claims. Since the cleanup/remediation remedy plan will anticipate potential redevelopment of the site, if no redevelopment occurs under the No Action Alternative, the baseline condition (post- remediation) would likely be somewhat different than the baseline conditions assumed for Alternatives 1 and 2 (e.g., the stormwater control system would not be integrated into a redevelopment plan). 1.4 Impacts Table 1-1 highlights the impacts that would potentially result from the alternatives analyzed in this DEIS. This summary table is not intended to be a substitute for the complete discussion of each element that is contained in Chapter 3. QuendaJ/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417595v3 0032695'{)00004 1-3 Chapter 1 Alternative 1 (Application) Earth • A minimal amount of clearing and grading (approximately 53,000 -133,000 CY of fill), primarily in the upland portion of the Main Property would be required for redevelopment. • Grading activities could impact the integrity of the soil caps that may be installed during site cleanup/remediation. Implementation of institutional controls to be defined in the final remediation plans would ensure that the caps would remain intact during excavation. • Site disturbance during construction activities could result in increased potential for erosion and sedimentation of on·site wetlands and Lake Washington. Significant impacts would not be expected with implementation of the temporary erosion and sedimentation control plan (TESCP) required by the City. • A deep building foundation system (i.e. piles) and/or ground improvements would likely be required for structural support. Installation of piles, as well as excavation for utilities, could impact the integrity of the soil caps that may be installed during site remediation and could transmit contamination to site areas that are not contaminated. Significant impacts would not be expected with implementation of Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417595v3 0032695·000004 Table 1·1 SUMMARY MATRIX Alternative 2 (Lower Density Alternative) • Same as Alternative 1. • Same as Alternative 1 . • Same as Alternative 1 . • Same as Alternative 1 1·4 No Action Alternative • Clearing and grading would not be required. • Grading and potential disturbance of the soil caps installed during site cleanup/remediation would not be required. • Site disturbance and increased potential for erosion and sedimentation would not occur. • Installation of deep foundations and utilities would not be required, and there would be no potential to impact on-site soil caps and transmit contamination. Chapter 1 Alternative 1 (Application) institutional controls defined in the final remediation plans. • Differential settlement could occur between structures that would be pile-supported and underground utilities serving the structures, causing damage to utility lines. Significant impacts would not be expected with implementation of institutional controls defined in the final remediation plans. • With redevelopment, the amount of impervious surface area onsite and associated runoff rates would increase and could result in erosion hazards at storm water outfalls at the lake. Significant impacts would not be expected with installation of a permanent storm water control system, as required by the City, including energy dissipation measures at the outfalls. • Potential impacts to site structures could occur during seismic events due to ground motion, liquefaction and lateral spreading hazards. All proposed structures would be built to the most current IBC code to address potential effects of seismic events and buildings would likely be supported on piles to reduce these hazards. • Groundwater could be encountered during construction activities. Significant impacts would not be expected with dewatering and other construction techniques. • With redevelopment, impervious surfaces Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417595v3 0032695.()00004 Alternative 2 No Action Alternative (Lower Density Alternative) • Same as Alternative 1 . • Installation of piles and underground utilities would not be required and associated potential for settlement would not result. • Same as Alternative 1. • Redevelopment would not occur and impervious surfaces, stormwater runoff and potential for erosion would not increase. , • Same as Alternative 1 . • Redevelopment and associated potential for seismic impacts to structures would not occur. • Same as Alternative 1 . • Construction activities and potential to encounter groundwater would not occur. • Same as Alternative 1. • Redevelopment and associated IJotential to 1-5 Chapter 1 Alternative 1 (Application) would increase and potential for infiltration of rainfall to underlying aquifers would decrease. However the majority of the recharge to the aquifers originates from 011- site sources to the east, and significant impacts would not be expected. Criticat Areas o Portions of the Main Property could be capped with soil during site cleanup/remediation, resulting in filling of some existing on-site wetlands. However, a greater area of additional wetlands and riparian habitat would be created as a result of site cleanup/remediation and implementation of the Shoreline Restoration Plan required as part of the cleanup/remediation and/or to resolve potential natural resource damages claims. o Proposed construction and redevelopment could cause indirect impacts to wetlands, riparian habitat and lake habitat created during the cleanup/remediation and/or potential natural resource damages restoration. These impacts could relate to hydrologic conditions (in the case of the wetlands) and potential for erosion and sediment deposition (particularly during construction). Significant impacts, including to salmonid fish in the lake, would not be expected with implementation of a temporary erosion and sedimentation control plan (TESCP) during construction and installation of a permanent stormwater control system, as required by the City. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417595v3 0032695-{]00004 Alternative 2 No Action Alternative (Lower Density Alternative) impact underlying aquifers would not occur. o Same as Alternative 1. o Similar to Alternative 1; however, no additional riparian habitat restoration area is assumed to be established during site remediation/cleanup that would connect Wetlands A and D. o Same as Alternative 1. o Redevelopment and its associated potential to impact on-site wetlands, riparian habitat, and lake habitat would not occur. - 1-6 Chapter 1 Alternative 1 (Application) • With proposed redevelopment, no direct impacts would occur to the wetlands remaining after cleanup/remediation and/or potential natural resources restoration .. • With proposed redevelopment, under the plan as submitted and without further modification or mitigation, a portion of the wetland buffer (e.g., on Wetland D) could be reduced to a minimum of 25 feet; however, other portions of the buffer could be expanded to provide com pensatory areas, as allowed by the buffer averaging provisions of the City of Renton Municipal Code. It is EPA's position that it may impose additional conditions that affect the wetland buffers. • Buildings would be setback a minimum of 50 feet from the shoreline, as required by the City of Renton Shoreline Master Program. It is EPA's position that it can impose additional setback requirements. • Three storm water outfalls would be constructed within the shoreline areas. These outfalls would be located to avoid direct impacts to wetlands remaining after cleanup/remediation and/or potential natural resources restoration. The outfalls would be designed to prevent erosions/siltation during construction and operation. Therefore, no significant impacts to wetlands and the lake would be expected. • With proposed redevelopment, Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417595v3 0032695'()00004 the Alternative 2 No Action Alternative (Lower Density Alternative) • Same as Alternative 1. • Redevelopment and its associated potential to impact wetlands would not occur. • Same as Alternative 1. • Redevelopment and its associated potential to impact wetland buffers would not occur. ! • Same as Alternative 1 . • No buildings would be built and no encroachment into the shoreline setback would occur. • Same as Alternative 1. • No storm water outfalls would be constructed and no impacts to wetlands and the lake would occur. • Same as Alternative 1. • Redevelopment would not occur and no 1-7 Chapter 1 Alternative 1 (Application) Shoreline Restoration Area would largely remain intact. A publically accessible trail with interpretive viewpoints could be included in the shoreline area. The upland portion of the Main Property would be covered in buildings, paved areas and landscaping, providing habitat for certain wildlife species adapted to urban environments. Environmental Health • Portions of the Main Property could be capped with soil during site cleanup/remediation, limiting the potential for exposure to underlying contaminants. Institutional controls to be defined in the final remediation plans would ensure that caps remain intact with proposed redevelopm en!. • The installation of deep foundations (i.e., piles) and utilities could generate contaminated soil and/or groundwater to which workers and City staff inspectors could be exposed. City staff that maintain utilities could also be exposed to contaminated soils/groundwater. With proper protection equipment, training and handling and disposal of contaminants, no significant impacts would be anticipated. • Volatile contaminants in the subsurface could generate vapors that could intrude into utility trenches and above-grade structures. With separation of living/working areas from (e.g., by soil caps and Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417595v) 0032695-000004 contaminants under-building Alternative 2 No Action Alternative (Lower OensityAlternative) shoreline trail would be constructed. • Same as Alternative 1 . • Same as Alternative 1 , except that no redevelopment would occur at this time and no I potential to disturb the soil cap would occur. • Same as Alternative 1. • Installation of deep foundations and utilities would not be required, and workers/City staff would not be exposed to contaminants. • Same as Alternative 1. • Redevelopment would not occur, and there would be no potential for exposure of residents and employees to volatile contaminants. 1-8 Chapter 1 Alternative 1 (Application) parking), as well as implementation of institutional controls specified during site remediation, no significant impacts would be anticipated. Enerav -Greenhouse Gases • Proposed redevelopment would result in and an increase in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions relative to existing conditions due to the increase in building denSity and site population. Development would result in an estimated 1,297,536.8 MTC02e in lifespan GHG emissions. • New development would utilize energy in the form of electricity for heating, cooling, lighting and other energy demands, and natural gas for heating and cooking. Land and Shoreline Use • Under the proposal, the site would be subdivided into seven lots, four of which would contain mixed-use development, and three of which would contain the Shoreline Restoration Area. • Redevelopment would occur in nine buildings on the Main Property, and would include: -800 residential units -Approx. 245,000 sq. ft. of offices uses -Approx. 21,600 sq. ft. of retail uses -Approx. 9,000 sq. ft. of restaurant uses -2,171 parking spaces No development would occur Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417595v3 0032695-<)00004 on the Alternative 2 No Action Alternative (Lower Density Alternative) • Similar to Alternative 1, however GHG • Redevelopment would not occur and GHG emissions would be less due to less building emissions would not increase. density and site population. Development would result in an estimated 860,434.8 MTC02 e in lifespan GHG emissions • Similar to Alternative 1: however, energy • Redevelopment would not occur and energy usage would be lower due to lower density usage would not increase. development on the site. • Same as Alternative 1 . • Redevelopment would not occur. The site would remain in the post-remediation condition, including the Shoreline Restoration Area. • Redevelopment would occur in nine • No redevelopment would occur at this time. buildings on the Main Property, and would include: -708 residential units -No offices uses -Approx. 21,600 sq. ft. of retail uses -Approx. 9,000 sq. ft. of restaurant uses -1,364 parking spaces No development would occur on the Isolated 1-9 Chapter 1 Alternative 1 (Application) Isolated Property. • Site preparation and construction of buildings and infrastructure would result in temporary construction-related impacts to adjacent land uses over the build out period (i.e" air emission, noise and increased traffic), Due to the tem porary nature of construction and required compliance with City of Renton construction code regulations, no significant impacts would be expected, • Redevelopment would convert the site from its current vacant, partially vegetated state to a mixed-use development, and would restore a Superfund site to a productive use, • Redevelopment would result in increased activity levels onsite (i.e., noise, traffic, etc.). In general, these activity levels would be greater than the adjacent residential uses to the south (Barbee Mill), but similar to the commercial uses to the north (Seahawks Training Facility) and the existing and planned commercial and hotel uses to the east (proposed Hawk's Landing hotel and commercial uses east of 1-405). Activity levels would be consistent with the existing urban character of the area and no significant impacts would be expected. • Proposed buildings onsite would be up to 80 feet high, and from approximately 94,600 to 209,000 sq. ft, in size, The proposed height and bulk would be consistent with the type and size of development contemplated in the COR QuendaJ/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417595v3 0032695-000004 Alternative 2 No Action Alternative (Lower Density Alternative) Property. • Same as Alternative 1, • Site preparation and construction would not occur, and no temporary construction-related impacts on adjacent land uses would result. • Same as Alternative 1, • Redevelopment would not occur and the site would remain in its current vacant, partially vegetated state, The Superfund site would not be restored to a productive use, • Similar to Alternative 1; however, activity • Redevelopment would not occur and no levels on site and their associated potential increases in activity levels would result. to impact adjacent land uses would be less due to lower density development onsite, • Proposed buildings onsite would be up to • No buildings would be built onsite at this time. 67 feet in height, and from approximately 77,000 to 112,800 sq, ft. in size, The proposed height and bulk would be consistent with the type and size of development contemplated in the COR land 1-10 Chapter 1 Alternative 1 (Application) land use/zoning classification and the Urban shoreline environment • Proposed buildings would be greater in height and bulk than the adjacent residential buildings to the south; however, they would generally be similar to the surrounding commercial and planned hotel buildings to the north and east Existing off-site features (Le. roadways and the PSE easement) and proposed on-site features (Le. setbacks, driveways, parking areas and landscaping) would provide buffers between proposed buildings and adjacent uses. Arch itectu ral features would be included that are intended to enhance the compatibility of the proposed development with surrounding uses. Overall, no significant land use compatibility impacts would be expected. Relationshie to Plans, Policies and Reaulations • The proposed project would generally be consistent with applicable plans, policies and regulations. However, it is unclear at this time whether proposed redevelopment would be consistent with all of the COR land use/zoning classification goals and requirements, particularly regarding the design of the project Possible mitigation measures could be implemented to enhance the design of the project and achieve consistency with these goals and requirements. Aesthetics Light and Glare Quenda/l Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417595v3 0032695-{)00004 Alternative 2 No Action Alternative (Lower Density Alternative) use/zoning classification and the Urban shoreline environment • Similar to Alternative 1; however building • No buildings would be built onsite at this time, height and bulk would be less. and no land use compatibility impacts would result • Same as Alternative 1 . • This alternative would not convert a Superfund site to a productive use, and help the City reach its targets to provide housing and employment City policies that encourage the provision of access to the shoreline would also not be met, as no publically accessible trail along the shoreline would be provided. 1-11 Chapter 1 Alternative 1 (Application) o Proposed redevelopment would change the aesthetic character of the site to a new mixed-use development with nine buildings, roadways, parking areas, and open spacellandscaping. Buildings would be seven stories and would range from 94,600 square feet to 209,000 square feet. o Proposed buildings would be greater in height and bulk than the adjacent Barbee Mill development to the south and would be generally similar in height and bulk to the Seahawks Headquarters and Training Facility to the north. o Views toward the site would change substantially to reflect a seven-story mixed- use development. Architectural features and landscaping would be provided to enhance the project's visual appeal. Possible mitigation measure could be implemented to further enhance the aesthetic character of the development and maintain views of the lake. o View corridors are proposed along the main east/west public roadway (Street "B") and along the private driveways at the north and south ends of the site to provide views across the site towards Lake Washington. Views toward the lake would be blocked or partially blocked from certain public view points. Possible mitigation measures could be implemented to enhance views across the site. o Proposed redevelopment would add new Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417595v3 0032695-000004 Alternative 2 . No Action Alternative (Lower Density Alternative) o Similar to Alternative 1; however, proposed o This alternative would not change the aesthetic buildings would be six stories and would character of the site. range from 77,000 square feet to 112,800 square feet, o Similar to Alternative 1, although proposed o No building would be built onsite at this time buildings would be slightly lower in height and no compatibility impacts would result. and bulk. o Similar to Alternative 1; however proposed o Views toward the site would not change under buildings would be six stories. this alternative. , o Similar to Alternative 1. o Views towards the lake would not change under this alternative. o Similar to Alternative 1, except that lighting o No new sources of light, glare or shadows 1·12 Chapter 1 Alternative 1 Alternative 2 No Action Alternative (Application) (Lower Density Alternative) sources of light and glare, and would levels would be lower due to lower building would be provided under this alternative. produce shadows at the site. New light density. sources would be similar to existing sources at the Barbee Mill development and Seahawks Headquarters and Training Facility; however, the general lighting levels on the site would be higher. Noise levels would be typical of an urban development. Shadows from the project would not impact off-site uses, but would extend onto certain on-site outdoor areas. Transportation • The proposed redevelopment would • Proposed redevelopment would generate • This alternative would not generate any new generate approximately 9,000 daily approximately 5,800 daily vehicular trips at vehicular trips. vehicular trips at full build out, including full build out, including approximately 445 AM approximately 865 AM peak hour trips and peak hour trips and 540 PM peak hour trips. 950 PM peak hour trips. • With proposed redevelopment, four. Similar to Alternative 1. • Redevelopment would not occur and no intersections would operate at LOS E/F at associated changes to LOS operations would full buildout without the WSDOT 1-405 result. Improvement project at the 1-405/NE 44th Street interchange. One intersection would operate at LOS E/F at full buildout with the 1-405 1m provem ents. • Excessive southbound queues (between • Similar to Alternative 1. • Redevelopment would not occur and no 700-800 feet) would be anticipated at the queuing impacts would result. Lake Washington Boulevard/Ripley Lane N intersection without 1-405 Improvements. Excessive southbound queues at the Lake Washington Boulevard/Ripley Lane N intersection, as well as along Lake QuendaJ/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417595v) OO)2695'{)00004 1-13 Chapter 1 Alternative 1 (Application) Washington Boulevard and adjacent intersections, would also be anticipated with 1-405 Improvements. • Without 1-405 Improvements, the site access at Ripley Lane N is anticipated to operate at LOS F and the site access at NE 43'" Street is anticipated to operate at LOS C/O. With 1-405 Improvements, site access at Ripley Lane is anticipated to operate at LOS C/O and site access at NE 43'" Street is expected to operate at LOS D. • Given the site location, it is anticipated that the proposed redevelopment would be occupied by residents and employees who primarily rely on personal automobiles and no significant impacts to public transportation would be anticipated. • Increases in population onsite would result in associated increased need for non- motorized facilities. Curbs, gutters and sidewalks would be provided onsite, as well as along the west side of Lake Washington Boulevard and Ripley Lane N. A publically accessible trail is also proposed along the shoreline. • 2,153 parking stalls would be required based on the City of Renton Municipal Code standards; 2,171 parking spaces would be provided onsite. Parking demand is estimated Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417595v3 0032695-000004 to be Alternative 2 No Action Alternative (Lower Density Alternative) • Similar to Alternative 1. • Redevelopment would not occur and no changes to site access points would result. • Similar to Alternative 1 • No impacts to public transportation are anticipated under this alternative. • Similar to Alternative 1. • No im pacts to non-motorized transportation facilities would occur under this alternative. • 1,362 parking stalls would be required under • No new parking would be provided onsite under this alternative; 1,364 parking spaces this alternative. would be provided onsite. Similar parking demand relationships would 1-14 Chapter 1 Alternative 1 Alternative 2 No Action Alternative (Application) (Lower Density Alternative) approximately 2,107 stalls on a weekday occur under Alternative 2. and 1,251 stalls on weekend day. Demand could be reduced by 20 percent on weekdays and 55 percent on weekend days through the implementation of shared parking between residential and commercial uses. Bicycle parking would be provided' in accordance with City of Renton standards. Parks and Recreation • Approximately 11.7 acres of open space • Similar to Alternative 1, except that slightly • No redevelopment would occur and the site and related areas would be provided more open space and related areas would would remain as an open area. No publically onsite, including: paved plazas, natural be provided onsite (11.8 acres). accessible shoreline trail would be provided in areas, landscaped areas, unpaved trails conjunction with site cleanup/remediation. and sidewalks. These areas mayor may not meet the City's standards, regulations and procedures for open space. Approximately 3.4 acres of the on-site open space and related areas would be visually and and in some areas, to the extent consistent with the ROD and/or any NRD settlement, physically accessible to the general public (e.g .. the shoreline trail. • Increases in the on-site residential • Similar to Alternative 1, except that there • Redevelopment would not occur and there population (1,300 residents), as well as on-would be slightly less residents on the site would be no additional demand for parks, site employees (1,050 employees) would (1,132 residents) and fewer employees (50 open space, trails or recreation facilities. increase demands on neighborhood and employees); demands on neighborhood and regional parks, open space, trails and regional parks, opens space, trails and recreation facilities. Parks/recreational recreation facilities would be reduced facilities most likely to receive increased accordingly. demand would include facilities near the site, such as: May Creek Greenway, Kennydale Beach Park, and Gene Coulon Memorial Park. The latter two parks are Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT t8417595v3 0032695-000004 1-15 Chapter 1 Alternative 1 (Application) already at or exceeding capacity on warm days; the proposal would contribute to these capacity issues. Additional parks and recreational facilities could be needed in the City, based on the increased on-site population. Certain on-site facilities (Le., the shoreline trail) would provide opportunities for passive recreation. Areas for active recreation could be provided onsite as well. Parks mitigationlimpact fees would be paid to help offset the impacts of the project on City parks and recreational facilities_ QuendaJ/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417595v3 0032695-000004 ---- Alternative 2 No Action Alternative (Lower Density Alternative) --- 1-16 Chapter 1 1.5 Mitigation Measures and Significant Unavoidable Adverse Impacts The following list presents the mitigation measures and significant unavoidable adverse impacts that would potentially result from the redevelopment alternatives analyzed in this DEIS. Required/proposed mitigation measures are those actions to which the applicant has committed and/or are required by code, laws or local, state and federal regulations. Possible mitigation measures are actions that could be undertaken, but are not necessary to mitigate significant impacts, and are above and beyond those proposed by the applicant. Earth Mitigation Measures Required/Proposed Mitigation Measures During Construction • A temporary erosion and sedimentation control plan (TESCP), including Best Management Practices (BMPs) for erosion and sedimentation control, would be implemented, per the 2009 KCSWD adopted by the City of Renton. This plan would include the following measures: All temporary (and/or permanent) devices used to collect stormwater runoff would be directed into tightlined systems that would discharge to an approved stormwater facility. Soils to be reused at the site during construction would be stockpiled or stored in such a manner to minimize erosion from the stock pile. Protective measures could include covering with plastic sheeting and the use of silt fences around pile perimeters. During construction, silt fences or other methods, such as straw bales, would be placed along surface water runoff collection areas in proximity to Lake Washington and the adjacent wetlands to reduce the potential of sediment discharge into these waters. In addition, rock check dams would be established along roadways during construction. Temporary sedimentation traps or detention faCilities would be installed to provide erosion and sediment transport control during construction. • A geotechnical engineer would review the grading and TESCP plans prior to final plan design to ensure that erosion and sediment transport hazards are addressed during and following construction. As necessary, additional erosion mitigation measures could be required in response to specific design plans. • Site preparation for roadways, utilities and structures, and the placement and compaction of structural fill would be based upon the recommendations of a geotechnical engineer. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 oWT 18417595v3 0032695-()00004 1-17 Chapter 1 • Temporary excavation dewatering would be conducted if groundwater is encountered during excavation and construction activities. Such dewatering activities would be conducted in a manner that would minimize potential impacts due to settlement. • Structural fill would be placed to control the potential for settlement of adjacent areas; adjacent structures/areas would be monitored to verify that no significant settlement occurs. • Deep foundation systems (such as piles or aggregate piers) would be installed and/or ground improvements would be made to minimize potential damage from soil settlement, consolidation, spreading and liquefaction. • If deep foundation systems (such as piles or aggregate piers) are used to support structures, the following measures would be implemented: Measures would be employed to ensure that the soil cap would not be affected and that installation of the piles/piers would not mobilize contamination that is currently contained by the cap. Such measures could include: installation of surface casing through the contaminated zone; installation of piles composed of impermeable materials (steel or cast-in-place concrete) using soil displacement methods; the use of pointed tip piles to prevent carry down of contamination; and, the use of ground improvement technologies, such as in-place densification or compaction grouting. - A pile vibration analysis and vibration monitoring would be conducted during pile installation in order to ensure that impacts due to vibration do not occur. -Suitable pile and pile hammer types would be matched to the subsurface conditions to achieve the required penetrations with minimal effort to reduce potential vibration. Potential pile types could include driven open-end steel pipe piles, driven closed-end steel pipe piles, or driven cast-in-place concrete piles. Potential hammer types could include percussion hammers or vibratory hammers. -Suitable hammer and pile cushion types would be used for the specific conditions to reduce potential noise. A typical hammer employs the use of a heavy impact hammer that is controlled by a lead, which is in turn supported by a crane. Pile installation would occur during regulated construction hours. • Fill soils would be properly placed and cuts would be utilized to reduce the potential for landslide impacts during (and after) construction. • The appropriate management of contaminated soils that could be disturbed and groundwater that could be encountered during redevelopment of the site would be addressed through the cleanup/remediation process and by institutional control requirements overseen by EPA (see Section 3.3, Environmental Health, for details). Quendall Terminals Draft E/S December 2010 DWT 18417595v3 0032695'{)00004 1-18 Chapter 1 Following Construction • A permanent stormwater control system would be installed in accordance with the 2009 KCSWDM adopted by City of Renton. • Offshore outfall locations for stormwater discharge from the permanent stormwater control system would be equipped with energy dissipation structures or other devices to prevent erosion of the lake bottom. • All buildings would be designed in accordance with the 2009 IBC (or the applicable design codes that are in effect at the time of construction) to address the potential for seismic impacts. • The majority of the site would be covered with impervious surfaces following redevelopment. Permanent landscaping would also be provided to reduce the potential for erosion and sedimentation with redevelopment. Other Possible Mitigation Measures • Flexible utility connections could be employed to minimize the risk of damage to the lines due to differential settlement between structures and underground utilities. Significant Unavoidable Adverse Impacts There would be a risk of ground motion impacts and landslides beneath Lake Washington adjacent to the site during a seismic event; however, such impacts would occur with or without the proposed redevelopment. No significant unavoidable earth-related impacts would be anticipated. Critical Areas Mitigation Measures Required/Proposed Mitigation Measures During Construction • A temporary erosion and sedimentation control plan (TESCP), including Best Management Practices (BMPs) for erosion and sedimentation control, would be implemented during construction, per the 2009 King County Surface Water Design Manual (KCSWDM) adopted by the City of Renton (see Section 3.1, Earth, and Appendix D for details). Implementation of this plan would prevent impacts to the lake and shoreline wetlands from erosion and sedimentation. Following Construction • Proposed redevelopment would avoid direct impacts to the onsite wetlands remaining after cleanup/remediation and/or potential natural resources restoration. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT I 8417595v3 0032695'()00004 1-19 Chapter 1 • Wetlands remaining after cleanup/remediation and/or potential natural resources restoration would be retained in an open space tract that includes required buffers and a riparian habitat enhancement area. • In addition to any conditions imposed by EPA, wetland buffer areas would meet or exceed the minimum City-required buffers under the applicable Critical Areas Ordinance or would meet the City's requirement through buffer averaging. • In addition to any conditions imposed by EPA, proposed buildings would be setback a minimum of 50 feet from the OHWM in compliance with the City of Renton's 1983 Shoreline Master Program, which requires a minimum setback of 50 feet for commercial uses and 25 feet for residential uses for Category 2 wetlands (see Section 3 for additional details). • A permanent stormwater control system would be installed consistent with the requirements of the 2009 KCSWDM adopted by the City of Renton. The system would collect and convey stormwater runoff to Lake Washington via a tight-lined system. Water quality treatment would be provided for runoff from pollution-generating surfaces to prevent water quality impacts to the lake and shoreline wetlands. • Native plant species would be included within landscaping of the redeveloped upland area on the Main Property to the extent feasible, and could provide some limited habitat benefits to native wildlife species. • Introduction of noxious weeds or invasive species would be avoided to the extent practicable in areas re-vegetated as part of the proposed redevelopment. Together with the native species planted, this would help limit the unnecessary spread of invasive species that could adversely affect the suitability of open space habitats. on site and in the vicinity for wildlife. • A publicly accessible, unpaved trail would be provided through the shoreline area that would include interpretive wetland viewpoints. Other Possible Mitigation Measures • Trenching for utilities and stormwater outfalls could be incorporated into site grading associated with remediation efforts to limit or prevent later disturbance of re-vegetated areas. • Upland areas on the Main Property could be temporarily re-vegetated following site remediation, depending on the timing of redevelopment. Significant Unavoidable Adverse Impacts No significant unavoidable adverse impacts to critical areas would be anticipated. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417595v3 0032695-000004 1-20 Chapter 1 Environmental Health Mitigation Measures Required/Proposed Mitigation Measures • Redevelopment of the site is being coordinated with the cleanup/remediation process, and would be conducted consistent with the requirements in the final cleanup remedy selected and overseen by EPA, and with any associated institutional controls. • The appropriate management of contaminated soils that could be disturbed and groundwater that could be encountered during redevelopment of the site would be addressed through the cleanup/remediation process and by institutional control requirements overseen by EPA. As necessary, lightweight fill materials, special capping requirements, vapor barriers and other measures would be implemented to ensure that unacceptable exposures to contaminated soils, groundwater or vapors would not occur. • Institutional controls would be followed to ensure the long-term integrity and protectiveness of any soil caps, and to prevent the use of on-site groundwater for any purpose. • An Operations, Maintenance and Monitoring Plan would be implemented to prevent the excavation of any buried contaminated soils or installation of utilities or other site disturbances in contaminated soil areas without prior EPA approval. • As necessary, personal protection equipment for workers would be used and special handling and disposal measures followed during construction activities to prevent contact with hazardous materials and substances. • Living/working areas on the Main Property would be separated from soil/groundwater contaminants by under-building garages; institutional controls would also be implemented to prevent exposure to unacceptable vapors. Other Possible Mitigation Measures • Planned utilities (including the main utility corridors) could be installed as part of the planned remedial action so that disturbance of soil caps and underlying contaminated soils/groundwater would not be necessary subsequent to capping of the Main Property. • Personal protection measures and special training could be provided for City of Renton staff that provide inspection during construction and maintenance following construction in areas of the site that could generate contaminated soils or groundwater. • Buried utilities and public roads serving the site development could be placed in clean fill material (with the utilities in a trench with sufficient width and depth of 3 to 4 feet below the invert of the utility), along with an acceptable barrier to prevent recontamination of the clean fill material, in order to protect the utility from contamination and to allow future maintenance of the road or utility lines. QuendaJ/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 OWT 18417595v3 0032695'{)00004 1-21 Chapter 1 Significant Unavoidable Adverse Impacts No significant unavoidable adverse environmental health-related impacts would be anticipated. Energy -Greenhouse Gas Emissions Mitigation Measures Other Possible Mitigation Measures • Development could incorporate low-impact/sustainable design features into the design of proposed buildings on the site to reduce the demand for energy and reduce the amount of GHG emissions. Such features have not been identified at this time, but could include architectural design features; sustainable building materials; use of energy efficient products; natural drainage/green roof features; use of native plants in landscaping; and/or, other design features. Significant Unavoidable Adverse Impacts Development on the Quendall Terminals site would result in an increase in demand for energy and an increase in GHG emissions. However, the direct and indirect impacts of GHG emissions and energy use under Alternative 1 and 2 would not be considered significant. Determining whether the cumulative impacts of GHG emissions and energy use from development of the Quendall Terminals site is significant or not significant implies the ability to measure incremental effects of global climate change. The body of research and law necessary to connect individual land uses, development projects, operational activities, etc. with the broader issue of global warming remains weak. Scientific research and analysis tools sufficient to determine a numerical threshold of significance are not available at this time and any conclusions would be speculative. Further information on the potential cumulative impacts of GHG emissions is not considered essential to a reasoned choice among the alternatives in this DEIS. Land and Shoreline Use Mitigation Measures Required/Proposed Mitigation Measures • New driveways, landscaping, surface parking areas and proposed building setback areas would provide a buffer between proposed buildings and adjacent land uses. • Proposed landscaping, particularly along the north and south boundaries of the Main Property, would provide a partial visual screen between proposed buildings and adjacent uses (see Figure 2-7, Preliminary Landscape Plan -Alternative 1). • Architectural features (i.e., roof slope, factade modulation, building materials, etc.) would be incorporated into the design of each building and are intended to enhance the compatibility between the proposed development and surrounding land uses (see Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 QWT 18417595v3 0032695'{)00004 1-22 Chapter 1 Figures 2-5 and 2-9 for representative architectural elevations and Section 3.7, AestheticsNiews, for further information on the building and site design). • A fire mitigation/impact fee would be paid for the proposed development at the time of building permit issuance to help offset the impacts of the project on the City's emergency services. Significant Unavoidable Adverse Impacts Redevelopment under Alternative 1 and Alternative 2 would result in the conversion of the approximately 21.5-acre Quendall Terminals site from a vacant, partially vegetated area to a new mixed-use development with an associated increase in building density and activity levels. No significant unavoidable adverse land use impacts would be antiCipated. Relationship to Plans, Policies and Regulations Significant Unavoidable Adverse Impacts The proposed redevelopment would generally be consistent with applicable plans, policies and regulations. However, it is unclear at this time whether the project would be consisted with all of the COR land use/zoning classification goals and requirements, particularly regarding project design. AestheticsNiews Mitigation Measures Required/Proposed Mitigation Measures • Building design would include a variety of details and materials that are intended to create a human scale and provide a visually interesting streetscape and fagade, such as horizontal plan modulation, projecting vertical elements, and alternating fagade materials and details. • Street-level, under-building parking areas would be concealed from sidewalks and streets by retail and offices uses along certain fagades. Where this parking extends to the exterior of the building, elements, such as architectural fagade components, trellises, berms and landscaping, would be used for screening. • Public view corridors toward Lake Washington are proposed provided along the main easUwest roadway onsite (Street "B") and along the private driveways at the north and south ends of the site. Public views of the lake would also be possible from the publically accessible trail in the shoreline restoration area in the western portion of the Main Property. Additional views of the lake would be provided for project residents from semi-private landscaped courtyard areas between the new buildings onsite. • New landscaping would be provided in the upland area of the Main Property that is intended to enhance the visual character of the site. Landscaping would include new trees, shrubs and groundcovers of various sizes and species. Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417595v3 0032695-000004 1-23 Chapter 1 • A landscaped edge along the north and south boundaries of the site would provide a buffer and partial visual screen between new development on the site and adjacent properties. • The natural vegetation in shoreline restoration areas on the Main Property and on the Isolated Property would be retained with proposed site development. Other Possible Mitigation Measures • The amount of required parking could be reduced, relocated or redesigned (i.e. though implementation of transportation demand management measures or other means) so that additional areas of the street-level, under-building parking could be setback from the exterior of the building, particularly along Streets "A", "C" and the lake side of the development. This would allow other uses, including retail, restaurant, commercial and residential uses, and plaza areas to occupy these areas and potentially enhance the aesthetic character at the ground level. • Exterior building lighting, parking lot lighting and pedestrian lighting could be directed downward and away from surrounding buildings and properties to minimize the impacts to adjacent uses. • Reflectivity of glazing materials, as well as the use of shading devices, could be considered as part of the fagade design in order to minimize the potential glare impacts to surrounding uses. • Building modulation or design treatments such as tiering/tapering or stepping the building back as the height increases and/or building setbacks could be provided, particularly along the shoreline, to enhance the aesthetic character of development and retain views of Lake Washington. • Building heights along the shoreline could be reduced to maintain views of Lake Washington. • The surface parking located adjacent to the shoreline under Alternative 2 and the parking at the terminus of Street "B" could be relocated on the site to enhance the aesthetic character of development, particularly from the shoreline trail. • Design features such as: public art, special landscape treatment, additional open space/plazas, landmark building form, special paving/pedestrian scale lighting, or prominent architectural features could be provided as part of development to further enhance the gateway/landmark features on the site. Significant Unavoidable Adverse Impacts Development of the Quendall Terminals site under Alternatives 1 and 2 would change the site from its existing open, partially vegetated condition to a new mixed-use development. The proposed development would represent a continuation of urban development along the Lake Washington shoreline. The proposed building height and bulk would be generally similar to surrounding uses (i.e. the Sea hawks Headquarters and Training Facility and the planned Hawk's Landing Hotel) and greater than other uses in the area (i.e. the Barbee Mill residential Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417595v3 0032695-000004 1-24 Chapter 1 development). Certain views across the site towards Lake Washington and Mercer Island would be obstructed with the proposed development; however, view corridors towards Lake Washington and Mercer Island would be established and new viewing areas along the lake would also be provided. No significant light, glare, or shadow impacts would be anticipated. Parks and Recreation Mitigation Measures Required/Proposed Mitigation Measures Public Open Space and Related AreasfFees 1 • A parks mitigation/impact fee would be paid for each multifamily unit in the proposed development at the time of building permit issuance to help offset the impacts of the project on City parks and recreation facilities. • 3.4 acres (Alternative 1 )/3.5 acres (Alternative 2) of public open space and related areas would be provided on the site; wetland and restoration areas would be visually accessible to the public and to the extend allowed in the ROD or any NRD settlement, may be physically accessible (e.g., along the shoreline trail.) • Frontage improvements, including sidewalks, would be provided along the west side of Lake Washington Boulevard and Ripley Lane N along the site. These sidewalks could connect to sidewalks to the north and south, which connect to other pedestrian facilities in the area. • Public parking for the shoreline trail would likely be provided in the same general area as the retail/restaurant parking; the applicant would specifically identify this parking prior to site plan approval. • Signage, detours and safety measures would be put in place to detour bicyclist utilizing the Lake Washington Loop trail at time of construction. Measures to Improve Semi-Private Recreation Access for Residents • Semi-private landscaped courtyards on top of the parking garages would be provided as shared open space for residents of the site. These areas would help to meet the demand for passive recreation facilities from project residents. • Street level landscaping, plazas and sidewalks would be provided. These areas would help meet the project's demand for passive recreation facilities. 1 Hours of public access would need to meet park standards of sunrise to sunset to count toward public recreation. Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 1-25 Chapter 1 DWT 18417595v3 0032695'()00004 Other Possible Mitigation Measures Public Open Space and Related Areas2 • The hours of use of the shoreline trail could be extended to sunrise to sunset, consistent with other City of Renton parks, in order to meet the requirements for public access. • The connection between the shoreline trail and Lake Washington Boulevard could be enhanced by providing wider sidewalks (i.e. 12-foot wide) that are part of public rights-of- way. • Additional open space could be provided onsite for active recreation (i.e. frisbee, softball, etc.). • A crosswalk across Lake Washington Boulevard could be provided in order to connect to the May Creek Trail on the east side of the Boulevard. Measures to Improve Semi-Private Recreation Access for Residents • Shared roof gardens and indoor amenity space (i.e. gyms, common rooms, etc.) could be provided as part of the project. Significant Unavoidable Adverse Impacts Residents of the proposed development would use nearby parks and recreation facilities, including Gene Coulon Memorial Park and Kennydale Beach Park, which are already at or exceeding capacity in the summer. Demand from, project residents would contribute to the existing capacity issues at these parks. Transportation Mitigation Measures Based upon the results of the transportation analysis of future intersection operations, general key findings include: • There exists today and will be in the future a moderate to high level of background traffic that travels in the vicinity of the site area given approved and other planned pipeline projects. • The existing transportation network with and without 1-405 Improvements would adequately accommodate Alternatives 1 and 2 at full buildout in 2015, with the additional required/proposed transportation improvements (listed below) 2 Ibid. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417595v3 0032695-{J00004 1-26 Chapter 1 Required/Proposed Mitigation Measures Level of Service t Queuing With 1-405 Improvements -Alternative 1 and Alternative 2 The following improvements (in addition to the planned 1-405 Improvements) would be necessary under Alternative 1 and Alternative 2 to mitigate off-site impacts: • Lake Washington Boulevard (between Barbee Mill Access (N 43,d Street) and Ripley Lane N. Extend the planned eastbound and westbound through lanes by WSDOT beyond and through the Barbee Mill access intersection. This would result in two through lanes in each direction on Lake Washington Boulevard from the 1-405 interchange past the Barbee Mill access (NE 43'd Street). Ultimately, the City of Renton will determine the best configuration given ongoing coordination with WSDOT on the adjacent interchange design, the Port of Seattle (owner of the vicinity rail right-of-way), and adjacent private development. • Intersection #3 -Ripley Lane Nt Lake Washington Boulevard. Construct a southbound left-turn lane at this signalized intersection (signal assumed as an 1-405 Improvement). Without 1-405 Improvements -Alternative 1 and Alternative 2 Without the planned 1-405 Improvements, the following improvements would be necessary under Alternative 1 and Alternative 2 to mitigate off-site impacts: • Install Traffic Signals. Install traffic signals at the intersections of the 1-405 NB and SB ramp intersections, as well as at the intersection of Ripley Lane N/Lake Washington Boulevard. • Intersection #1 -1-405 NB RampstNE 44'h Street. Widen the southbound and northbound approaches so that a separate left turn lane and shared thru-right turn lane is provided on both legs of the intersection. • Intersection #3 -Ripley Lane Nt Lake Washington Boulevard. Widen the westbound approach to include a separate right turn-only lane. • Lake Washington Boulevard (between Barbee Mill Access (N 43'd Street) and 1-405 SB Ramps. Construct additional channelization improvements between the Barbee Mill access and the 1-405 SB ramps. Alternatively, additional eastbound and westbound lanes could be constructed to provide additional queue storage created by the traffic signals required at the SB ramp and Ripley Lane along Lake Washington Boulevard. Ultimately. the City of Renton will determine the best configuration given ongoing coordination with WSDOT on the adjacent interchange design, the Port of Seattle (owner of the vicinity rail right-of-way) and adjacent private development. See Appendix H for detailed level of service worksheets for the mitigation measures outlined above to meet the City of Renton and WSDOT standards. Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417595v3 0032695·000004 1-27 Chapter 1 Non-Motorized Transportation • Infrastructure improvements within the site would include full curbs, gutters and sidewalks, as well as frontage improvements (curb, gutter and sidewalk) along the west side of Lake Washington Boulevard and Ripley Lane N in front of the project site. Provisions for safe pedestrian circulation could encourage future transit usage when planned public transit becomes available. • A pedestrian trail would be provided onsite along the shoreline that would be accessible to the public and would connect to Lake Washington Boulevard through the internal sidewalk system. City of Renton Mitigation/Impact Fees • In addition to the project-specific mitigation measures described above, a traffic mitigation/impact fee would be paid for the proposed development at the time of building permit issuance to help offset the impacts of the project on the City's roadways. Parking • The proposed parking supply under Alternatives 1 and 2 would meet the minimum off- street parking requirements of the City of Renton. Other Possible Mitigation Measures Level of Service/Queuing • Implementation of Transportation Demand Management (TOM) measures could reduce the number of vehicle trips and thus provide some benefit to improving LOS and queuing impacts at study intersections. Public Transportation • In order to promote a multi modal transportation network, redevelopment on the Quendall Terminals site could include site amenities (i.e. planting strip, street lighting, etc.) and access to future transit zones on Lake Washington Boulevard and at the 1-405/NE 44th Street interchange to encourage and accommodate public transportation access in the future (future potential public transportation in the vicinity could include Bus Rapid Transit on 1-405 planned by Sound Transit and WSDOT with a flyer stop at the 1-405/NE 44th Street interchange). Non-Motorized Transportation • A paved bicycle lane could be provided along the east side of Ripley Lane to mitigate potential conflicts between bicycles and the Quendall Terminals site access point on Ripley Lane. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417595v3 0032695-000004 1-28 Chapter 1 Parking • Shared parking agreements between on-site uses and implementation of transportation demand management (TOM) measures for proposed office and residential uses could be implemented to potentially reduce parking demand during peak periods, thereby reducing the necessary parking supply. Fire Apparatus Access • Fire access would be provided per Renton Municipal Code, or City approved alternative fire protection measures could be proposed by the applicant. Significant Unavoidable Adverse Impacts No significant unavoidable adverse transportation impacts would be anticipated. Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417595v3 0032695-000004 1-29 Chapter 1 CHAPTER 2 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTION(S) AND ALTERNATIVES This chapter of the OFaftdraft Environmental Impact Statement (9E-ISElS) describes the Proposed Action(s) and Alternatives for the Quendall Terminals Redevelopment Project. Background information and a summary of historic site activities are also presented. Please see Chapter 1 of this document for a summary of the findings of this 9E-ISEIS and Chapter 3 for a detailed presentation of the affected environment and probable significant environmental impacts of the Proposed Action(s) and Alternatives. 2.1 INTRODUCTION Century Pacific, the applicant, is proposing redevelopment of the Quendall Terminals site (see Figure 2-1, Regional Map). The approximately 21.5-acre site, comprised of a Main Property along Lake Washington and a separate Isolated Property to the northeast, is currently vacant (see Figure 2-2, Vicinity Map and Figure 2-3, Existing Site Conditions). Redevelopment is proposed in order to create a mixed-use development, including residential, potentially office, retail and restaurant uses, as well as open space, and vehicular and pedestrian improvements. For this EIS, it is assumed that the Quendall Terminals redevelopment would be fully built out by 2015; however, actual buildout would depend upon market conditions. 2.2 BACKGROUND The Quendall Terminals site is the location of a former creosote manufacturing facility and has been contaminated with coal tar, pitch, creosote and other hazardous chemicals (see the Site History section in this chapter, Section 3.3, Environmental Health, and Appendix D for details). As a result of this prior contamination, cleanup of the site is required under federal and state law. The Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) initially served as the lead regulatory agency for overseeing cleanup of the site. A Remesial Invesli~ationAn earlier remedial investigation (Ril report and a draft Risk AssessmentlFoo<lses Feasibility Stusyrisk assessmenVfocused feasibility study (FS) were completed for the site, under the oversight of Ecology in 1997 and 2004, respectively. In 2005, Ecology requested that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) take the lead for overseeing further cleanup activities at the site. EPA subsequently assumed the role of lead agency, and in 2006, the site was added to the EPA's Superfund' National Priorities List. In September 2006, the property owners entered into an Administrative Order on Consent (AOC) with EPA. which sets forth the requirements for completion of an RifFS and risk assessmJillt. TRe AGe reEjuires tRe property owners to complete a Femeaial investi~atioR ans feasibility stuay (RllFS). Bases OR tRe RIfFS, EPA will propose a preferres oleanup remesy, ans after plol81is somment · .... ill selest a final Gleanup remesy for tRe site. EPA is slolrrently reviewin~ the re'/ises sraft RI. The property owners expeot tRe sraft FS to 8e oompletea by April 2Q11.The RifFS and risk assessment reports which are currenlly being prepared by the property owner and EPA. characterize the nature and extent of contamination and potential..m>K~o" associated with exposure to site contamination, and evalu.<!te .alternative Superfund is the name given to the federal environmental program established to address sites requiring cleanup under Federal law. It is also the name of the fund established by the Comprehensive Environmental Response. Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980. as amended. that can be used by EPA to perform site cleanup work. The Superfund program allows the EPA to compel responsible parties to perform cleanups or to perform cleanups itself and then seek reimbursement from responsible parties for EPA's cleanup costs. Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 2-1 Chapter 2 D\!I!JJ411992., .. I ... 99J .• ".9A10_~20.4 r~medies that could be implementecjJp)J1itigate contaminant exposures. After the updatedBliE§ and risk assessment rep~prtlUlfe developed. a Proposed Plan identi1YLrm.tb.().~l()J~§Jo be taken to ensure that the.QIJendall Terminals Site will be protective~ft1\Jman health and the environmenl will.b:()JIJOvided for public review and a public.meeting will be held if requested. After EPA reviews all public comments it will issue a ReCPI5.t.Qf Decision (ROQ) specifying the final cleanup and mitigatiQn plan fQr the.~jie. It is also PQssible that restoration actions.will .• Qs<s;ur as part Qf a potential J)g!,ural reSQurce damage (NRQ) settleme!JLDb.QS<~§~ befQre site redevelQpment. =tHelt is EPA's PQsitiQn that the ROD willJn.cIl&~.JiQlan fm mitigating wetlands and shQrelines using environmentalEgl.!irements (wetland jurisdictiQn mitigation ratiQs, environ~L!1;:llpMff!ill> and setbacks) in placeaUbat time. EPA currently anticipates that the Rl2J2wili b.eJssued in fall 2Q14:. EPA and the resPQnsible parties will subseguen\lY enter into an agreement fm the implementatiQn Qf the remedy. Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 D"'TJ.!.U.79Q 2 .\ W.n69~ 2·2 Chapter 2 Figure 2·1 Regional Map Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 9"'T J 81 J 79g;!.! gO}'!R~"9~~9@"t 2·3 Chapter 2 Figure 2-2 Vicinity Map Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 !)\VTJ8'1I92~' J Wm9. ggggg_, 2-4 Chapter 2 Figure 2-3 Existing Site Conditions Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 l'lu'T1841120"'1 .. 00l2.9~. ooooo~ 2-5 Chapter 2 TRe site will uAsergo cleanup/remediation under EPA o'JersigRt gases on its status as a Superfuns site, pursuant to tRe final cleanup plans defines gy EPA. EPA is expectes to select the final cleanup astion in late 2011. As part of tRis ongoing process, applicagle Gleanup metRods ' .... ill consider potential~art of the ongoing RI/ES the site owners and EPA are considering potential futurl).J,iJe . .JJse (i.e .. redevelopment plans) for the site. Certain activities related to redevelopment, such as grading, treatment of wetlands, stormwater control, utility/building construction, public access, etc., will be dictated by EPA in coordination with the City of Renton and other agencies (see Chapter 3, and Appendices 0 and E for details). This ggsE.LS briefly summarizes the history of the site and the site's current conditions; refers to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) process and its regulatory requirements; and, discusses protocols and institutional controls that will ultimately set out requirements and compliance methods for construction and long-term redevelopment. TRe DEISThis EIS also recognizes the potentiaLfur restoration actions to occur as part of a potential NRD settlement. As a result. the EIS impact analyses assume an existing/baseline condition subsequent to cleanup/remediationmitigation and any NRD restoration (that is, the condition of the site after remediation/NRD restoration has been accomplished). Baseline consition assumptions Rave geen determined gased on the varieus studies completes in conjunstion with tRe sraft RifFS ans witR specific fuesback from EPA; tRey The baseline (post-cleanup and mitigation/post-NRD restoratiQn conditions) assumed in this DEIS was developed using the 19.8.3 Henton Shoreline Management Plan and other relevant information as deS,cribed in Appendix E of the DEIS If environmental requirements cause EPA and/or anY.,NRD settlement to impose more stringent environmental standards tg~ mitigation/restoration standards in the ROD and/Qr NRQ_settlement. that may lead to a smaller redevelopment. Therefor.e. the baseline in this DE IS represents the reasonable maximum of development-related impacts. EPA will not identify the final cleanup planJQr the site until it issues its ROD estimated to occur in 20J 4... and this EIS does not in any way presuppose the final remedy that EPA will ultimately select. EPA has not selected a final remedy for the site so these assumptions are based on information known at this time and do OQUn anoV. way presuppose the final remedy that EPA will ultimately select. Rather. these assumptions form the basis for evaluation of potential impacts associated with redevelopment. Therefore, only the probable significant environmental impacts and applicable mitigation measures related to redevelopment of the site are addressed in this ggsEIS; potential impacts associated with cleanup/remesiationmitigation and any NRD res.lillafum activities will be addressed through the separate EPNNRD process (see Section 3.3, Environmental Health, and Appendix 0 for details). As discussed above the post-remediation conditions assum.ed in this EIS were developed to assess the reasonable maximum of development-related impacts. In thee.venUtlat the final cleanup remedy selected by EPA in the ROD and/or aOYd:19Jential NRD restoration results in a significantly larger footprint fQ[ redevelopmeoltlJ.ilIl.ilSSumed in this EIS, the City will determine whether such changes warrant submittal of a supplemental EIS or other documentation. MQ!:eQ.ver. the Applicant will be required to comply with any requirements imposed by EPA as a part of cleanup (e.g. EPA takes the positiorrJ,t may impose different wetland mitigation ratios environmental buffers and setback requirements and stormwater discharge requi(emerrts) even if those requirements are not articulated in this EIS. The following elements are assumed to be included as part of the site cleanup/remesiationmitigation and any NRD process and form the baseline/existing condition for Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 ill"IJ~U9!!2"LWJ2695@QQ94 2-6 Chapter 2 purposes of analysis in this DEIS. EIS. NOTE: the cleanup remedy will jns;llJ~~ more than a "clean" soil surface. bytJgr purposes of this EIS only potenlieJremediallNRD actions that mey affect future develOR.!J1ent are identified beloW. As described above, the cleanup/remediation is an ongoing process being conducted by EPA, and it is possiBle that there could be some-changes to these assumptions as remedies and plans are finalized. • Placement of a 2 foot thick sand cap over tho upland portion of the Main Property. • Placoment of a 2 to d foot thick layered cap 60nsisting of organoclay, sand, gravel and topsoil over most of the sediments ..... ithin the shoreline area adjacent to and lakeside of the former Quendall Pond (approximately dGG linear foet of shoreline). • Excavation of shoreline soil 10 accommodale the shoreline cap.Clean surface soil will be present when the remedy is complete. Areas of the site that require remediation w~ remediated. Potential reme.dJal actlQns include but are not limited to soil removal anJJ replacement with clean fill and capping. Overall the resulting remediation will be protective of .human health and the environment in additio[l !o satisfying all pertinent h~alth and environmental regulations. • Fillin§ of certain exislin§Existjng on-site wetlands. Implementation of will be filled and a Shoreline Restoration Plan will be implemented, including re-establishing and expanding certain wetlands, and recreating/enhancing riparian habitat to replicate the existin§ riparian functions. • Possible localized soil removal (i.e. in the former railroad loadin§ area and in planned utility corridors onsite). • PossiBle installation of a permeaBle shoreline §roundwater treatment ..... all adjacent 10 portions of the lake shoreline.for mitigation and/or as part of a potential natural resource damages settlement. While specifications for shoreline mitigation and restoration will not be finalized until the ROD and/or a potential natural reSQJ.,!rce damages settlement this EIS assumes a post-remediation .JX)]'1J1illon that WQuid result in the greatest area fQr redevelopment based Qntlli!.~Ulll3. RentQn ShQreline Management Plan_amL .. Qtlli!r relevant infQrmation as described in Appendix E of the DEIS. As pang.nbe remedy and/or ~RD restoration EPA and/or any potential I\J.RD settlement may require additional mitigation/NRD restoratiol11halwl!l..rn.duce the site area available for redevelopment and if this resultsJn baseline conditions significantly different than thos.e. ass.umed in this EIS, the ~y.(ill determine whether this change would warrant s.u.Qrnittal of a supplemental EIS or other documentation as appropriate. • Implementation of institutional controls to prevent alteration of the cap durin§ rodevelopment withoutany of the.~cRs.ill" other components of the EPA remedY/NRD restoration, ins;J..uding alteration to wetlands and habitat withoutpli2r EPNNRD trustee approval, and to prevent the use of on-site groundwater for any purpose. • Implementation of an Operations, Maintenance and Monitoring Plan (OMMP) that would present a process for obtaining EPA approval if future excavations, utility installations or other site disturbances are necessary after implementation of the final remedial action. Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWE18U729.'.·!.gO,m5.29.()j)2.1 2-7 Chapter 2 See Section 3.3, Environmental Health, and Appendix D for more information on these assumptions. Though a cleanup action performed under Superfund authorities (e.g., a Consent Decree) would be exempt from the procedural requirements of federal, state and local environmental laws (including the environmental review process), the action must nevertheless comply with the substantive requirements of such laws. EPA will determine whether the selected cleanup action is protective of hUlIlllrl. heqlth and the environment and complies with all applicable or relevant and appropriate requirements and will also provide technical documents and the proposed cleanup plan for public review prior to finalizing its cleanup decision in the ROD. 2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW PROCESS AND PURPOSE SEP A EIS and Lead Agency For purposes of the Ouendall Terminals Redevelopment Project, the City of Renton is responsible for performing the duties of a lead agency, as required by the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA). The City's Environmental Review Committee serves as the Responsible Official for the SEPA review. As indicted above, EPA is the responsible entity for all cleanup/remediation plans and actions. Determination of Significance and EIS Scoping On November 18, 2009, the applicant submitted an application for Master Plan, Shoreline Substantial Development Permit and Binding Site Plan approval for the Ouendall Terminals Redevelopment Project. The City of Renton, as SEPA lead agency, determined that the project may have a significant impact on the environment. As a result, an EIS is required, per WAC 43.21 C.030(2)(c) and must be prepared consistent with WAC 197-11-400 through 460. On February 19, 2010, the City issued a Determination of Significance (DS) and Request for Comments on the Scope of the EIS. The DS indicated that a public meeting would be held to provide an opportunity for the public to learn more about the Proposed Actions and to provide input into the environmental review process, and that the EIS scoping period would end on March 12,2010. However, the initial EIS scoping period ended before the public scoping meeting could be held. As a result, a second public scoping period was opened in order to accommodate a public meeting (this scoping period ended on April 30, 2010). The two scoping periods comprise expanded EIS scoping under SEPA (per WAC 197-11-408 through 410). The EIS public scoping meeting was held on April 27, 2010, to provide the public with opportunities to comment on the range of environmental issues, alternatives and actions that should be considered in the EIS. During the EIS scoping meeting, the public was encouraged to provide both written and/or oral comments on the scope of the EIS. A total of nine people signed in and a total of four people spoke at the public meeting. During the two EIS scoping comment periods, a total of five comment letters/emails were received, including: two comment letters from agencies (Washington State Department of Transportation and King County), one comment letter from the Muckleshoot Indian Tribe, and two comment letters from one individual. All of the comment letters/emails are available for review at the City of Renton Department of Community and Economic Development. See Appendix B for further information on the scoping process and a summary of the scoping comments. Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 1)"'1 18j 179G~x.L99n'9'QQ9QQ4 2-8 Chapter 2 The majority of the comments that were received during the public scoping period for the Quendall Terminals EIS related to Recreation/Public Shoreline Access, Utilities (utility construction), Critical Areas, and TransportationlTraffic. Following EIS scoping, the City identified the following elements to be analyzed in this QE.laEIS: • Earth • Critical Areas • Environmental Health • Energy -Greenhouse Gas Emissions • Land and Shoreline Use • Relationship to Plans, Policies and Regulations • AestheticsNiews • Parks and Recreation • TransportationlT raffic Purpose ofEIS Analysis Per WAC 197-11-400, an EIS is an objective, impartial evaluation of the environmental consequences of a proposed project. It is a tool that will be used by the City of Renton, other agencies and the public in the decision-making process. An EIS does not recommend for or against a particular course of action. The Draft EIS (DEIS) is the City's initial analysis of probable Significant environmental impacts of the Proposed Actions and alternatives for a range of topics, such as: earth, critical areas, land use, transportation, etc. The DE IS has been issued and distributed to agencies, organizations, and the public for review as part of a public comment period. A public meeting will be held following issuance of the DEIS to gather comments regarding the DEIS. Comments on the DEIS can be given verbally at the public meeting or in writing at any time during this comment period. Based on the comments received on the DEIS, a Final EIS (FEIS) will be prepared as the final step in the EIS process. The FE IS provides responses to comments received on the DE IS from agencies, organizations and the public, and may contain clarifications to the analysis of environmental impacts. The DE IS and FEIS together comprise the document that the City will use -along with other analyses and public input -regarding decisions on the redevelopment project. After the FEIS is issued, City staff will make recommendations to the decision-makers on the Quendall Terminals Redevelopment Project. A public hearing will be held as part of the decision-making process on the project. Ongoing opportunities for public input will occur as part of the decision-making process. 2.4 APPLICANT'S OBJECTIVES For purposes of SEPA (WAC 197-11-440) the following are the applicant's (Century Pacific's) primary objectives for the proposal: Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 [>1'1T..L~J .. 1}2~.'}.J.2.9.1 .. '!&.~ 2-9 Chapter 2 • Create a compact, urban residential development that allows for inclusion of a compatible mix of uses, including retail uses, as well as potentially office uses, as the market allows. • Consistent with the Growth Management Act, establish housing at high densities in close proximity to existing employment centers in downtown Renton and other primary employment centers on the Eastside. • Create an overall urban design concept that is consistent throughout the site. • Provide appropriate visual corridors through the site to the shoreline. • Create a development that provides opportunities, such as public walkways or a plaza, for visitors and residents to visually Gfaccess and to the extent permitted by the ROD and/or any potential NRD settlement physically access the shoreline of Lake Washington. • Allow for remediation of the site and ensure that future redevelopment is compatible with the environmental remediation effort. • Work cooperatively with the City of Renton to adopt a binding site plan and possible development agreement that provide the necessary predictability, consistency and expediency for long-term success of the redevelopment and allow for flexibility to respond to market factors over time. • Coordinate with state, federal and local agencies, tribes, organizations, institutions, public and private sector interests and other interested parties to facilitate implementation of both a successful remediation and redevelopment plan in an expeditious manner that returns the property to productive use. • Allow for redevelopment of the property that is financially viable from a real estate market perspective and allows financial return in a timely fashion. 2.5 SITE DESCRIPTION The approximately 21.5-acre Quendall Terrninals site is located in the northern portion of the City of Renton, within the Southwest Y. of Section 29, Township 24 North, Range 5 East, King County. The junction of Interstate Highways 405 and 90 is located approximately 3.5 miles to the northeast (see Figure 2-1). The site includes the approximately 20.3-acre Main Property, located adjacent to Lake Washington, and an approximately 1.2-acre Isolated Property, to the northeast of the Main Property. The Main Property is located at 4350 Lake Washington Boulevard and is generally bounded by Lake Washington on the west; a Puget Sound Energy Easement and the Seahawks Headquarters and Training Facility on the north; Railroad right-of-way; Lake Washington Boulevard and Ripley Lane N on the east; and, the Barbee Mill residential development on the south. The adjacent Isolated Property is generally bounded by Ripley Lane N on the north and west, and the southbound Interstate-405 off-ramp on the south and east (see Figure 2-2). 2.5.1 Site History Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 ""n.A8J)]~'.d .. Qm'.9.~ .. QQ.Q!lll;I 2-10 Chapter 2 Beginning in 1917, creosote and related products were manufactured on the site for about 53 years. The creosote manufacturing facility refined and processed coal tar and oil-gas tar residues that were shipped or barged to the site from Lake Union. Tars and creosote products were released in portions of the site where transport, production and/or storage of the products were performed. In 1972, the site was sold to Quendall Terminals. Between 1969 and 1978, the site was used intermittently to store diesel, crude and waste oils. Beginning in 1975, the site was used as a log sorting and storage yard (see Section 3.3, Environmental Health, and Appendix 0 for details). 2.5.2 Existing Site Conditions The Quendall Terminals site is currently vacant and essentially unused. The site gently slopes from east to west and is partially vegetated, including mature trees along the western and southern edges of the Main Property. Ten wetlands totaling approximately 0.9 acres are present onsite, eight on the Main Property and two on the Isolated Property (see Section 3.2, Critical Areas, and Appendix E for details). A small brick building, a sewer pump station and a shack are located on the eastern edge of the Main Property. A dock remnant and wharf are situated along the Lake Washington shoreline. There are no other buildings onsite (see Figure 2-3). Existing Utilities Water The City of Renton currently provides water service to the site. There is an existing 12-inch water main located offsite to the west of the existing railroad tracks within the Railroad right-of-way, and a 1 O-inch water line on the Main Property. The City's water system in the vicinity of the project has the capacity to supply a maximum of 5,600 gallons per minute (GPM) at 20 PSI residual pressure. The site is located in the 320 Water Pressure Zone and static pressure is approximately 124 PSI at the street level (City of Renton, 2009). Sewer The City of Renton currently provides sewer service to the Site. An existing 12-inch sewer line and the Baxter Sewer Pump Station are located in the eastern portion of the Main Property. The line runs along the east property line (west of the Railroad right-of-way). The Baxter Sewer Pump Station was designed to serve the Quendall Terminals site, as well as the Sea hawks Headquarters and Training Facility and Barbee Mill development. The pump station was designed for an overall peak flow of 594 gallons per minute (GPM) and a flow of 97.2 GPM from the Quendall Terminals site. The pump station has the ability to be modified to increase the station's capacity by over 300 GPM (KPFF, 2010). Stormwater An interim stormwater control system is present on the Main Property and consists of swales and berms, as well as a previously constructed sediment pond. The purpose of the interim system is to control site runoff and erosion/sedimentation prior to site cleanup and remediation. Surface runoff currently infiltrates or is conveyed to Lake Washington via surface flow or swales. Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 Il'HJ.8'.l.1.202· IOO}4mQQ~Q01 2-11 Chapter 2 Existing Comprehensive Plan, Zoning and Shoreline Designations The City of Renton Comprehensive Plan (2009) designates the Ouendall Terminals site (including the Main Property and the Isolated Property) as Commercial/Office/Residential (COR). Per the COR Purpose Statement, this designation provides opportunities for large-scale office, commercial, retail, and multifamily residential projects that develop through a master plan and site plan process and incorporate significant site amenities and/or gateway features. The zoning classification of the Ouendall Terminals site (including both properties) is Commercial/Office/Residential (COR). Per Renton Municipal Code (RMC) 4-2-020(0), the COR zone is intended to provide a mix of intensive office, hotel, convention center and residential activity in a high-quality, master-planned development that is integrated with the natural environment. The Lake Washington shoreline along the Main Property is classified as an Urban environment in the City of Renton Shoreline Master Program (1983). Per RMC 4-3-090(J), the objective of the Urban environment is to ensure optimum utilization of the shoreline by providing for public use and access, and by managing development to enhance and maintain the shoreline for viable and necessary urban uses (see Section 3.6, Relationship to Plans, Policies, and Regulations for details). 2.6 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTION(S) 2.6.1 Proposed Actions The Proposed Actions for the Ouendall Terminals Redevelopment Project include: • Master Plan approval from the City; • Binding Site Plan approval from the City; • Shoreline Substantial Development Permit approval from the City; • Possible Development Agreement between the City and the applicant'; • Other local, state and federal permit approvals for construction and redevelopment; and, • Construction and operation of the Ouendall Terminals Redevelopment Project. 2.7 DESCRIPTION OF ALTERNATIVES This DE IS addresses the probable significant environmental impacts of proposed redevelopment of the Ouendall Terminals site. In order to disclose environmental information relevant to the Ouendall Terminals redevelopment and in compliance with SEPA, this DEIS evaluates two redevelopment alternatives (Alternative 1-the subject of the November 2009 application, and Alternative 2 - a lower density alternative), as well as the No Action Alternative. Through further evaluation by the City and the applicant and based on public input, either the Alternative 1 redevelopment plan, the Alternative 2 redevelopment plan, a modification of either plan or a combination of the two plans could be carried forward for possible approval by the City. 2.7.1 EIS Alternatives Concept Overview 2 The possible Development Agreement between the City of Renton and the applicant could idenmy infrastructure requirements, phasing (as appropriate), and specific development standards for the site. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 2-12 Chapter 2 IJWTI8ll.7.2Q2· I QQ}'~~.QQ.QQQ1 The Quendall Terminals project is intended to create a vibrant waterfront redevelopment that would convert a Superfund site into a compatible mix of uses, including residential, office (under Alternative 1 only), retail and restaurant uses. Redevelopment would represent a compact, urban form, with a consistent design concept throughout the site. Opportunities would be provided for visitors and residents to visually Gfand tgJhe extent permitted by the ROD and any PO~IJJiaLNRD settlement physically access the shoreline of Lake Washington via public walkways and plazas, as well as through proposed view corridors created by on-site roadways, surface parking areas and open space. The project would be required to be consistent with the final cleanup/remediation plan for the site approved by the EPA, including protocols and institutional controls for construction and long-term redevelopment. 2.7.2 EIS Alternatives Summary Mix of Uses Alternatives 1 and 2 would include a mix of residential, office (under Alternative 1 only), retail, restaurant uses, as well as open space and parking. The mix of uses under Alternatives 1 and 2 would differ slightly as shown in Table 2-1. Alternative 2 would include the same amount of retail and restaurant uses as Alternative 1. However, Alternative 2 would feature fewer residential units and parking spaces than Alternative 1, and no office uses. More open space would be provided under Alternative 2 than under Alternative 1. Site Area Breakdown Table 2-2 provides a breakdown of the site area under Alternatives 1 and 2. As shown in Table 2-2, similar amounts of area would be in built/impervious surfaces, and in vegetated/pervious areas under the redevelopment alternatives. Table 2-1 SUMMARY OF REDEVELOPMENT - ALTERNATIVES 1 & 2 Alternative 1 (sq. ft,) Alternative 2 (sq. ft.) Residential 800 708 Office 245,000 0 Retail 21,600 21,600 Restaurant 9,000 9,000 Open Space£ 509,600 518,300 Parking 2,171 1,364' Source. Lance Mueller and Associates, 2010. 1 Residential data represents the total number of residential units on the site. 2 For purpose of this DEIS, open space includes: paved plazas, sidewalks, natural areas, landscaped areas and unpaved trails. These areas mayor may not meet the City's standards. regulations, and procedures for open space. 3 Parking data represents the total number of parking spaces on the site. Site Uses Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 lW'T.l8.']79_9_2 ... I .. gq,t§~.g299.Q1 Table 2-2 SITE AREA BREAKDOWN - ALTERNATIVES 1 & 2 Alternative 1 (acres) 2-13 Alternative 2 (acres) Chapter 2 Built Areas (Impervious Areas) Building footprints 5.0 Paved rights-of-way, roads, 4.2 pedestrian/bike paths Surface parking areas 1.4 Paved plazas 0.2 Subtotal 10.8 Vegetated Areas (Pervious Areas) Natural areas 1 4.4 Landscaped areas 6.0 Unpaved trails 0.2 Subtotal 10.6 Total 21.5' Source: Lance Mueller Architects, 2010. 1 Includes the adjacent 1.2-acre Isolated Property to the northeast that is part of the site. , Totals differs from sums of subtotals due to rounding. 4.1 3.9 2.7.' 0.1 10.8 4.4 ' 6.1 0.3 10.8 21.5' 3 Although there is less total parking under Alternative 2 than Alternative 1, more of the parking is surface parking, which is why the surface parking areas acreage is greater under Alternative 2 than Alternative 1. Assumed Buildout Date Redevelopment of the Quendall Terminal site would occur subsequent to EPA's s8cision on tReROD and/or any potential NBQ~merJt which will set forth EPA's final cleanup/remediation plans, and implementation of these plans (ePA is expected to selest a r:emedy in late 2Q11 )--a£I!i EPA takes the position that any mitigation/restoration alaflswill be bl:l~ed . ..Qn_environmental requirements in place at ItleJime of the issuance of the ROD (the estimated date for the ROD is 2014) andlorpn:L-!2otential NRD settlement. Some redevelopment activities could be initiated in conjunction with the remediation effort (i.e .• some utilities could potentially be installed in conjunction with grading under the remediation). For this EIS, it is assumed that the Quendall Terminals redevelopment would be fully built out by 2015; however, actual buildout would depend upon the final cleanup schedule and market conditions. A specific phasing schedule for redevelopment has not been defined at this point. 2.7.3 Description of Redevelopment Alternatives Alternative 1 -Application The approximately 21.5-acre site would be subdivided into 7. lots, 4 of which would contain mixed-use buildings and three of which would contain the Shoreline Restoration Area. Below is a description of the specific features of redevelopment under Alternative 1 (see Figure 2-4, Site Plan -Alternative 1). Residential Alternative 1 would provide a total of 800 multifamily residential units. Residential units would be located in all of the buildings onsite, except buildings NE 1 and SE 3 (see Figure 2-4). A net residential denSity of 46 dwelling units per acre would result (800 dwelling units/17.23 acres of useable area). Both apartment and condominium units would likely be provided. Due to the site's Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18~.172Q2,.J .. Q9l;l'9'.QQ9QQ~ 2-14 Chapter 2 waterfront location, it is anticipated that the proposed residential units would be targeted towards middle and upper income households. Proposed residential uses are anticipated to generate approximately 1,300 residents. Office Alternative 1 would feature approximately 245,000 square feet of office uses. These uses would be located in buildings NE 1 and SE 3 (see Figure 2-4). Proposed office uses are anticipated to employ approximately 1,000 people. Retail and Restaurant Approximately 21,600 square feet of retail and approximately 9,000 square feet of restaurant uses would be included in Alternative 1. These uses would be located at ground level in buildings NW 1 and SW 3, along Street "8" (see Figure 2-4). These uses are anticipated to employ approximately 50 people. Access/Parking Vehicular access to the site would be provided via a new access drive connecting to Ripley Lane N in the northeast quadrant of the site, as well as via the extension of N 43rd Street (from the existing 8arbee Mill access) in the southeast quadrant of the site. The applicant proposes to dedicate or set aside approximately 3.7 acres of additional right-of-way, as required to provide access to the 7 proposed lots. East-west access within the site would be provided by Drives "D", "E" and "F" (private driveways) and Street "8" (a public street): north-south access within the site would be provided by Streets "A" and "C" (both public streets). Three traffic circles and a hammerhead fire truck turnaround at the terminus of Drive "E" are also proposed (see Figure 2-4 and Appendix C for cross-sections of the on-site roadways). Certain of the proposed roadways on site do not currently meet City of Renton requirements for fire access. The southwest fire access could be lengthened or extended along the west side or lake side of the proposed structures from the hammerhead to meet the access criteria. The access surface could be an all weather asphalt or an alternate surface (i.e. grass-crete) pending assurance by a geotechnical engineer that the soils could support fire fighting equipment. The two access points to the site cross Port of Seattle property (the Railroad right-of-way) at N 43'd Street and a new access drive onto Ripley Lane N in the northeast quadrant of the site (see Figure 2-4). These site access roads would be within dedicated public rights-of-way and would include sidewalks, curb cuts and gutters. Figure 2-4 Site Plan -Alternative 1 Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 Q~MT .. 18.U}2l!.'J.QQM.9~ 2-15 Chapter 2 Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 !1}YTl§11]1l2,-, I Q91?"9;9W92~ 2-16 Chapter 2 Parking spaces for 2,171 cars would be provided in both structured and surface parking areas. Approximately 1,986 structured parking stalls would be located above grade in two levels beneath the proposed buildings. Approximately 185 at-grade surface parking stalls would occur in one lot in the northeast quadrant of the site, as well as along and at the terminus of Street "B" (see Figure 2-4). No underground parking would be provided. Open Space/Recreational Facilities For purposes of this DE IS, it has been calculated that approximately 11.7 acres of open space and related areas would be provided onsite, including: paved plazas, natural areas, landscaped areas, unpaved trails and sidewalks. This open space and related areas mayor may not meet the City's standards, regulations and procedures to be considered open space. Approximately 3.4 to 3.5 acres of the on-site open space and related areas would be visually and to the ex1ent consistent""jlh the ROD and any NRD settlement physically accessible to the general public (h&. the natural shoreline aroa anEl~ the shoreline trail, r86~86tiv8Iy). Approximately 4.3 to 4.1 acres of semi-private landscaped courtyards with views toward Lake Washington and passive recreation opportunities (i.e. for gathering and strolling) would be available for Quendall Terminals residents. Approximately 1.2 acres of natural, un-useable open space (wetland habitat) would be provided at the Isolated Property (see Figure 2-4). Additional semi-private areas could be provided as rooftop gardens and private balconies would be provided in the proposed buildings. Recreational facilities (i.e., workout rooms) could be included in the buildings (see Section 3.8, Parks and Recreation, for details). New roadways proposed on the Main Property would include sidewalks to provide pedestrian access. As part of redevelopment, a pedestrian corridor/trail would also be constructed along the Lake Washington shoreline during cleanup/remediation. This trail would provide a range of pedestrian amenities and passive recreation opportunities that would be available to the general public during reasonable hours (anticipated to be from 10 AM to dusk). Two interpretive wetland viewpoints would be incorporated into the design of the trail. The trail would likely be 10 feet wide and would be built with a surface that would support a maintenance pickup truck and ambulance, and would also meet ADA guidelines. The trail would link to the site's upland internal pedestrian circulation system (sidewalks), which would connect to Lake Washington Boulevard, where existing pedestrian and bicycle facilities are present. The trail would be privately owned and maintained. Building Design Nine buildings would be constructed on the Main Property under Alternative 1. These buildings would range in size from approximately 94,600 to 209,000 square feet. The maximum height of the buildings would be 7 stories (5 stories over 2 stories of parking) or approximately 80 feet. Redevelopment would represent a compact, urban form, with a consistent design concept throughout the site. The proposed design of the buildings is intended to be coordinated through a variety of details and materials, and provide a human scale with visually interesting streetscapes and facades. Ground-level uses (retail and restaurant) would include canopies, pedestrian/street lighting and alternating fac;:ade materials to enhance the visual appeal of the buildings, particularly along Street "B". Upper-level uses would be setback from the ground-level fac;:ade for modulation and visual interest; additional architectural elements would be included, such as fac;:ade modulation, and alternating materials and details. Decorative screening of under-building parking would be provided. Exterior building materials would include: glass, painted metal, concrete, Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 f)WI,lMH992 .. 199).0')'999Q94 2-17 Chapter 2 brick veneer, metal panel siding, stucco and composite panel siding (see Figure 2-5, Representative Building Elevations -Alternative 1). The design of the building would meet fire protection and detection requirements from the current City of Renton fire code ordinance and the 2009 International Building Code, including: fire protection and detection requirements (fire sprinkler, fire alarm and dry standpipe systems), elevators, high-rise building provisions, pre-fire planning and building radio coverage requirements. A fire mitigation/impact fee would be paid for the proposed development at the time of building permit issuance to help offset the impacts of the project on the City's emergency services. Landscape Design It is anticipated that a Shoreline Restoration Plan will be developed in conjunction with site cleanup/remediation, and will be subject to separate review and approval by the EPA and/or appropriate resource agencies. A conceptual design has been included in this DEIS-tRat reflresents the assllrnee fllan fer the. The conceptuJ!.Ld~skm isJ~!tsed on the 1983 Renton Shoreline Management Plan and other relevant information as described in Appendix E of the DElli. Howe.\LeLl;t~QiS~~~!tl: in . .1h~ DEIS, current environmental standards may change in the future because more stringent regulatorv standards could be established. En'lironrnenlallt is EPA's position that environmental reqUirements for envir.onmental mitigati.on/rest.orati.on may result in laroer mitigati.on rati.os buffers and/or setbacks resulting in larger .or higher quality wetlands and shoreline restoration. As shown on this conceptual plan, restoration would occur in the shoreline setback along Lake Washington that is assumed to average 68 feet in width, and include re-vegetation with native plant species. Wetlands would be reestablished and expanded in the shoreline area of the Main Property, as well as on the Isolated Property. Riparian habitat would be recreated/enhanced (see Figure 2-6, Shoreline Restoration Conceptual Design Alternative 1 and Figure 2-7, Wetland D Buffer Width Averaging -Alternatives 1 and 2). A preliminary landscape plan has been prepared for proposed redevelopment of the upland portion of the Main Property. According to this plan, native and ornamental plants that are suited for this climate zone would be installed as landscaping throughout the site. The intent of the plan is to create a landscape that is functional, aesthetically pleasing, diverse and water efficient. Landscaping would include new trees, shrubs and groundcovers of various sizes and species. Landscaping would be provided between the buildings, including landscaped courtyards that would provide views of Lake Washington, gathering areas and passive recreation opportunities for building residents. Street trees and street landscaping would be planted along the new roadways onsite; surface parking areas would also include landscaping, as required by City of Renton regulations. Under-building parking would be screened by landscaping. A landscaped edge along the north and south boundaries of the site would provide a buffer and partial visual screen between the on-site development and adjacent properties (see Figure 2-8). New buildings could also include rooftop plazas with landscaping and green roof elements. Grading Under its status as a Superfund site by EPA, preliminary grading of the Main Property will be accomplished for site cleanup/remediation. Applicable cleanup methods will consider redevelopment plans for the site as appropriate. For this EIS, the baseline condition assumes that lirnitee disturbance of site soils will be necessary and capping of the upland and shoreline portions of the Main Property wiIImay occur with cleanup/remediation. The baseline c.ondiiiQIlS. also assume that capping will require the fil\1lIIl!:!g of several existing wetlands onsite. Wetlanes, Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 i)wTI8'17')92"lgO)269599000' 2-18 Chapter 2 i'!mUhalnew wetlands will be Feestablishedcreated and current wetlands will be expanded in the shoreline area of the Main Property, as well as on the Isolated Prof)erl'l, as compensation for this filling (see Section 3.2, Plants and Animals, and Appendix E for details). Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 D"'T]8<1790'··1 OOn6~.i.oooooJ 2-19 Chapter 2 Figure 2-5 Representative Building Elevations -Alternative 1 Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 !lc\\l:Hl!±I.122.Z~t~'Z~9~ 2-20 Chapter 2 Figure 2-6 Shoreline Restoration Conceptual Design -Alternative 1 Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 ~WTJ 8~J.7.2.92, IQQ12~2$.Q99#Ql 2-21 Chapter 2 Figure 2·7 Wetland D Buffer Width Averaging· Alternatives 1 and 2 Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 P',"TJS'j7994"i9Ql.62; 090994 2·22 Chapter 2 Figure 2·8 Preliminary Landscape Plan -Alternative 1 Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 D"gJiJ I 729."1903.69,990001 2·23 Chapter 2 Minimal additional grading would be required for the proposed redevelopment. The actual amount of grading that would be required has not been quantified at this time; some fill would be required to achieve the proposed site grades. It is estimated that approximately 53,000 to 133,000 cubic yards of fill would be required, depending on the average fill depth at the site. It is assumed that the fill material would be imported from an approved location. Some cut/fill would be required for installation of utilities (installation of certain utilities could be coordinated with the cleanup/remediation effort). Buildings and roads would likely be constructed on piles/piers. Utilities Water Water service to Alternative 1 would be provided by the City of Renton via the existing water main in the Railroad right-of-way. The existing water main on site would be abandoned and a new looped 12-inch water main with fire hydrants would be installed around the site, in accordance with City of Renton requirements. Per the City's requirements, any new construction must have one fire hydrant capable of delivering a minimum of 1,000 GPM located within 100 feet of buildings and additional hydrants within 300 feet of buildings. Automatic fire sprinklers would also be included within all buildings. As described under Existing Conditions in this chapter, the City's water system in the vicinity of the Quendall Terminals site has the capacity to supply a maximum of 5,600 GPM at 20 PSI. The City has calculated that a preliminary fire flow of 5,000 GPM would be required for the project. It is anticipated there is sufficient capacity in the City's water system to serve the project and meet the City of Renton's requirements. However, a hydraulic analysis of the City's water system, with the proposed project building demands included, would be completed prior to construction in order to confirm that the water demands of the proposed project can be met by the existing system (KPFF, 2010). Sewer Sewer service to Alternative 1 would be provided by the City of Renton via the existing sewer line in Lake Washington Boulevard. The existing sewer line onsite would be reused or abandoned and additional lines provided to connect to the off-site line. The existing Baxter Pump Station onsite would remain and would be incorporated into the proposed sewer system. As described under 2.5.2 Existing Site Conditions in this chapter, the Baxter Pump Station was designed to handle sewage flow of 97.2 GPM from the Quendall Terminals site. The estimated flow from the Quendall Terminals Redevelopment Project would be approximately 614 GPM. Therefore, the capacity of the Baxter Pump Station would need to be increased by approximately 517 GPM to 1,111 GPM to accommodate the proposed project. The Baxter Pump Station was designed with the ability to increase capacity by changing pump impellers and increasing the wet well capacity; these measures could be included as part of redevelopment of the site (KPFF, 2010). Stormwater The interim stormwater control system would be eliminated with cleanup/remediation of the site. During construction of the Quendall Terminals Redevelopment Project, a Temporary Erosion and Sedimentation Control Plan (TESCP), including Best Management Practices (BMPs) for erosion and sedimentation control, would be implemented, per the 2009 King County Surface Water Design Manual (KCSWDM) adopted by City of Renton. Following construction, a permanent QuendaJ/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 f}WcJcHHc17992'.I.fXU2W~ 2-24 Chapter 2 stormwater control system would be installed in accordance with the 2009 KCSWDM. Stormwater runoff would be collected from impervious surfaces and conveyed to Lake Washington through a piped stormwater drainage system. Stormwater would be discharged to the lake via three new outfalls. Stormwater runoff from pollution-generating surfaces (i.e. roadways and surface parking lots) would be treated prior to discharge to the lake. No stormwater detention would be required, per City regulations (see Section 3.2, Critical Areas, for details). Institutional controls such as worker safety standards., approved by EPA would be implemented for future utility installations requiring site disturbance after implementation of the final remedial action. Alternative 2 -Lower-density Alternative Similar to Alternative 1, the site would be subdivided into 7 lots, 4 of which would contain mixed-use buildings and three of which would contain the Shoreline Restoration Area. Below is a description of the specific features of redevelopment under Alternative 2 (see Figure 2-9, Site Plan -Alternative 2 and Tables 2·1 and 2·2 for a summary/break down of redeveloprnent under Alternative 2). Residential Alternative 2 would provide a total of 708 multifamily residential units. Residential units would be located in all of the buildings onsite. A net residential density of 40 dwelling units per acre would result (708 dwelling units/17.53 acres of useable area). Like Alternative 1, both apartment and condorninium units would likely be provided, and it is anticipated that the units would be targeted towards middle and upper income households. Office Alternative 2 would not feature any office uses. Retail and Restaurant The same amount of retail (21,600 SF) and restaurant (9,000 SF) uses in the same general areas onsite would be included under Alternative 2 as under Alternative 1 (at ground level in buildings NW 1 and SW 3, along Street "B"). These uses are anticipated to employ approximately 50 people. Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 pWH84H2Q2, j 09j_W.9090Q4 2-25 Chapter 2 Figure 2-9 Site Plan -Alternative 2 Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 I)"'T 181 1}')<J2' I gQm9aQQW~ 2-26 Chapter 2 Access/Parking As under Alternative 1, vehicular access would be provided via a new access drive onto Ripley Lane N in the northeast quadrant of the site, as well as via the extension of N 43'd Street (from the exiting Barbee Mill access) in the southeast quadrant of the site. The applicant proposes to dedicate approximately 3.6 acres of public right-of-way to provide access to the 7 proposed lots. East-west access within the site would be provided by Drives "D" and "F" (private driveways) and Street "B" (a public street); north-south access within the site would be provided by Streets "A" and "C" (both public streets). Two traffic circles are also proposed (see Figure 2-9 and Appendix C for cross-sections of the on-site roadways). Fire apparatus access roads would need to meet applicable fire code requirements. The two access pOints to the site would cross Port of Seattle property (the Railroad right-of-way) at N 43'" Street and a new access drive onto Ripley Lane N in the northeast quadrant of the site (see Figure 2-9). These site access roads would be within dedicated public rights-of-way and would include sidewalks, curb cuts and gutters. Parking for approximately 1,364 cars would be provided in structured and surface parking areas. Approximately 988 structured parking stalls would be located above grade in one level beneath the proposed buildings, as well as on two parking decks located in the northeast and southeast quadrants of the site. Approximately 376 at-grade surface parking stalls would occur in two surface parking lots located in the northwest and southwest quadrants of the site, as well as along and at the terminus of Street "B" (see Figure 2-9). No underground parking would be provided. Open Space/Recreational Facilities For purposes of this EIS, it has been calculated that approximately 11.8 acres of open space and related areas would be provided onsite, including: paved plazas, natural areas, landscaped areas, unpaved trails and sidewalks. The characteristics of the open space and related areas would be similar to Alternative 1. This open space and related areas mayor may not meet the City's standards, regulations, and procedures to be considered open space. Building Design Similar to Alternative 1, nine buildings would be constructed on the Main Property under Alternative 2. These buildings would range in size from approximately 77,000 to 112,800 square feet. The maximum height of the buildings would be 6 stories (5 stories over 1 story of parking) or a maximum of approximately 67 feet, as compared to 7 stories and a maximum of 80 feet under Alternative 1. Building design concepts would be similar to Alternative 1 (see Figure 2-10, Representative Elevations -Alternative 2) and would meet fire protection and detection requirements from the current City of Renton fire code ordinance and the 2009 International Building Code. Landscape Design The applicant's proposed Shoreline Restoration Plan as described in Appendix E would be similar to Alternative 1 (see Figure 2-11, Shoreline Restoration Conceptual DeSign -Alternative 2 and Figure 2-7, Wetland D Buffer Width Averaging -Alternatives 1 and 2). The landscape design for the upland area of the Main Property would also be similar to Alternative.1 (see Figure 2-8). Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 p\'fr 1.~.1.JJ2.~ .•.. ,.Lfi!)J)J'?I .. ~~.o.2Q.1 2-27 Chapter 2 Figure 2-10 Representative Building Elevations -Alternative 2 Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 1J"'J·.1..! . .ti}992. ,.1 .. 99};!!.~ .. 99999.~ 2-28 Chapter 2 Figure 2·11 Shoreline Restoration Conceptual Design -Alternative 2 Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 f)"'T 194179{J"'lWm9;~Q@M 2·29 Chapter 2 Grading Grading for site cleanup/remediation and redevelopment would be similar to Alternative 1. Utilities The provision of utilities (water, sewer and stormwater control) would be similar to Alternative 1. 2.7.4 No Action Alternative Under the No Action Alternative, no new mixed-use development would occur on the Quendall Terminals site at this time. Cleanup/remediation activities associated with the site's statlJS as a SlJFlerflJRd siterequired by EPA will still occur (see Sections 2.2 Background and 3.3, Environmental Health, of this chaFlter for details). Al.!D.d.e!:th.!lU'-!.Q.Actkm Alternative, a Shoreline -_._ .. ".-.. Restoration Plan will be implemented in conjunction with site cleanup/remediation lJRder the No ActioR Altemativeandlor to resolve potential natural resource damages claims. Since the cleanup/remediation remedy plan will anticipate potential redevelopment of the site, if no redevelopment occurs under the No Action Alternative, the baseline condition (post-remediation) will likely be somewhat different than the baseline conditions assumed for Alternatives 1 and 2, and described earlier in this chapter. Such differences could include: • No publically accessible shoreline trail wilI'l!lQJ.l/d be provided. • Shoreline areas that are not part of any potential NRD settlement and outside of the wetland/wetland buffer wilImgy not.Jikely be restored. • Remediation of the upland portion of the Main Property wilIwQJJld likely include seeding/temporary re-vegetation to prevent erosion and sedimentation until development occurs at some point in the future. • AR iRterifR:r~ stormwater control system will be iRstalled, sifRilar to lJRder existiRg cORditioRSwould not be integrated into a redevelopment plan. (See Figure 2-12, Shoreline Restoration Conceptual Design -No Action Alternative.) Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 9'."T 1811729-I g9J,!2t 999991 2-30 Chapter 2 Figure 2·12 Shoreline Restoration Conceptual Design -No Action Alternative Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT.ll4H9Q2yJllfB"95.gQQQQ4 2·31 Chapter 2 2.8 BENEFITS AND DISADV ANT AGES OF DEFERRING PROJECT IMPLEMENT A TION The benefits of deferring approval of the Proposed Actions and implementation of redevelopment of the Quendall Terminals site include deferral of: • Potential impacts of the redevelopment on the natural environment (i.e. critical areas); and, • Potential impacts of the redevelopment on the manmade environment (i.e. traffic operations and aesthetics/views). The disadvantages of deferring approval of the Proposed Actions and implementation of redevelopment include deferral of: • The opportunity to restore the site to a productive use after remediation; • The opportunity to provide a mixed-use development in the Kennydale neighborhood of Renton, including residential, possibly office, retail, restaurant and open space uses; • Development of a publically accessible trail along the Lake Washington shoreline; and, • Tax revenues and other fees (i.e. permit, inspection and utility connection fees) that would accrue to the City of Renton. QuendaJ/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 D'''T .. 1.!4.'7RQ2'J.001269I000004 2-32 Chapter 2 Document comvarison by Workshare Compare on Monday October 24 2011 3·10·02 PM . , , --.. ilnnnt, lD.ocument lID nterwoyenSite:lldwtdocslDWT 118411902/1 ioescrivtion W18417902y1 <DWl'=> -Chll,Rter2Iclean] ~oc].lll}ellt2J]) interwovenSite:lldwldQcslDWT/18411902/2 Descrivtion #J 8417902v2<DWT>cChapter2Lclearu Rendering set standard Legend; Insertion geietiefl Me'f.e6 ffll.ffl Moved to St:i1e chang,e format cha~ Me'iee deletiefl Inserted cell Deleted eel! Moved cell SRlitiMer!!ed cell Paddin~cell Statistit5 : Cmmt Insertions .6 Deletions 7 Moved from Q Moved to Q S!:ile change Q Eormatchanged Q Total ch!lI!~s II Document comparison by Workshare Compare on Monday, October 24, 2011 3-12-01 PM Input: Document 1 10 interwovenSite:lldwtdocslDWT 118419623/1 Description #18419623v1 <DWT> -Chapter 2 [Original] Document 210 interwovenSite:lldwtdocslDWT 118422016/1 Description #18422016v1 <DWT> -Chapter 2 CMP Rendering set standard Legend: Insertion geletisH MS'iea It-sm Moved to Style change Format change MHVed-adetiaH Inserted cell Deleted cell Moved cell Split/Merged cell Padding cell Statistics: Count Insertions 106 Deletions 52 Moved from 1 Moved to 1 Style change 0 Format changed 0 Total changes 160 CHAPTER 2 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTION(S) AND ALTERNATIVES This chapter of the draft Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) describes the Proposed Action(s) and Alternatives for the Quendall Terminals Redevelopment Project. Background information and a summary of historic site activities are also presented. Please see Chapter 1 of this document for a summary of the findings of this EIS and Chapter 3 for a detailed presentation of the affected environment and probable significant environmental impacts of the Proposed Action(s) and Alternatives. 2.1 INTRODUCTION Century Pacific, the applicant, is proposing redevelopment of the Quendall Terminals site (see Figure 2-1, Regional Map). The approximately 21.5-acre site, comprised of a Main Property along Lake Washington and a separate Isolated Property to the northeast, is currently vacant (see Figure 2-2, Vicinity Map and Figure 2-3, Existing Site Conditions). Redevelopment is proposed in order to create a mixed-use development, including residential, potentially office, retail and restaurant uses, as well as open space, and vehicular and pedestrian improvements. For this EIS, it is assumed that the Quendall Terminals redevelopment would be fully built out by 2015; however, actual buildout would depend upon market conditions. 2.2 BACKGROUND The Quendall Terminals site is the location of a former creosote manufacturing facility and has been contaminated with coal tar, pitch, creosote and other hazardous chemicals (see the Site History section in this chapter, Section 3.3, Environmental Health, and Appendix 0 for details). As a result of this prior contamination, cleanup of the site is required under federal and state law. The Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) initially served as the lead regulatory agency for overseeing cleanup of the site. An earlier remedial investigation (RI) report and a draft risk assessment/focused feasibility study (FS) were completed for the site, under the oversight of Ecology in 1997 and 2004, respectively. In 2005, Ecology requested that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) take the lead for overseeing further cleanup activities at the site. EPA subsequently assumed the role of lead agency, and in 2006, the site was added to the EPA's Superfund' National Priorities List. In September 2006, the property owners entered into an Administrative Order on Consent (AOC) with EPA, which sets forth the requirements for completion of an RifFS and risk assessment. The RifFS and risk assessment reports, which are currently being prepared by the property owner and EPA, characterize the nature and extent of contamination and potential risks associated with exposure to site contamination, and evaluate alternative remedies that could be implemented to mitigate contaminant exposures. After the updated RifFS and risk assessment reports are developed, a Proposed Plan identifying the steps to be taken to ensure that the Quendall Terminals Site will be protective of human health and the environment will be provided for public review and a public meeting will be held if requested. After EPA reviews all public comments, it will issue a Superfund is the name given to the federal environmental program established to address sites requiring cleanup under Federal law. It is also the name of the fund established by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980, as amended, that can be used by EPA to perform site cleanup work. The Superfund program allows the EPA to compel responsible parties to perform cleanups or to perform cleanups itself and then seek reimbursement from responsible parties for EPA's cleanup costs. Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 2-1 Chapter 2 DWT 18417902,3 0032695-000004 Record of Decision (ROD) specifying the final cleanup and mitigation plan for the site. It is also possible that restoration actions will occur as part of a potential natural resource damage (NRD) settlement process but before site redevelopment. It is EPA's position that the ROD will include a plan for mitigating wetlands and shorelines using environmental requirements (wetland jurisdiction, mitigation ratios, environmental buffers and setbacks) in place at that time. EPA currently anticipates that the ROD will be issued in fall 2014; EPA and the responsible parties will subsequently enter into an agreement for the implementation of the remedy. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417902v3 0032695'()00004 2-2 Chapter 2 Figure 2-1 Regional Map Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 184179{)2v3 0032695-000004 2-3 Chapter 2 Figure 2-2 Vicinity Map Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417902v3 0032695-000004 2-4 Chapter 2 Figure 2·3 Existing Site Conditions Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417902v3 0032695-000004 2·5 Chapter 2 As part of the ongoing RI/FS, the site owners and EPA are considering potential future site use (i.e" redevelopment plans) for the site. Certain activities related to redevelopment, such as grading, treatment of wetlands, stormwater control, utility/building construction, public access, etc., will be dictated by EPA in coordination with the City of Renton and other agencies (see Chapter 3, and Appendices D and E for details). This EIS briefly summarizes the history of the site and the site's current conditions; refers to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) process and its regulatory requirements; and, discusses protocols and institutional controls that will ultimately set out requirements and compliance methods for construction and long-term redevelopment. This EIS also recognizes the potential for restoration actions to occur as part of a potential NRD settlement. As a result, the EIS impact analyses assume an existing/baseline condition subsequent to cleanup/mitigation and any NRD restoration (that is, the condition of the site after remediation/NRD restoration has been accomplished). The baseline (post-cleanup and mitigation/post-NRD restoration conditions) assumed in this DEIS was developed using the 1983 Renton Shoreline Management Plan and other relevant information as described in Appendix E of the DEIS. If environmental requirements cause EPA and/or any NRD settlement to impose more stringent environmental standards to set mitigation/restoration standards in the ROD and/or NRD settlement, that may lead to a smaller redevelopment. Therefore, the baseline in this DEIS represents the reasonable maximum of development-related impacts. EPA will not identify the final cleanup plan for the site until it issues its ROD, estimated to occur in 2014, and this EIS does not in any way presuppose the final remedy that EPA will ultimately select. EPA has not selected a final remedy for the site so these assumptions are based on information known at this time and do not in any way presuppose the final remedy that EPA will ultimately select. Rather, these assumptions form the basis for evaluation of potential impacts associated with redevelopment. Therefore, only the probable significant environmental impacts and applicable mitigation measures related to redevelopment of the site are addressed in this EIS; potential impacts associated with cleanup/mitigation and any NRD restoration activities will be addressed through the separate EPNNRD process (see Section 3.3, Environmental Health, and Appendix D for details). As discussed above, the post-remediation conditions assumed in this EIS were developed to assess the reasonable maximum of development-related impacts. In the event that the final cleanup remedy selected by EPA in the ROD and/or any potential NRD restoration results in a significantly larger footprint for redevelopment than assumed in this EIS, the City will determine whether such changes warrant submittal of a supplemental EIS or other documentation. Moreover, the Applicant will be required to comply with any requirements imposed by EPA as a part of cleanup (e.g., EPA takes the position it may impose different wetland mitigation ratios, environmental buffers and setback requirements, and stormwater discharge requirements) even if those requirements are not articulated in this EIS. The following elements are assumed to be included as part of the site cleanup/mitigation and any NRD process and form the baseline/existing condition for purposes of analysis in this EIS. NOTE: the cleanup remedy will include more than a "clean" soil surface, but for purposes of this EIS only potential remedial/NRD actions that may affect future development are identified below. As described above, the cleanup/remediation is an ongoing process being conducted by EPA, and there could be changes to these assumptions as remedies and plans are finalized. • Clean surface soil will be present when the remedy is complete. Areas of the site that require remediation will be remediated. Potential remedial actions include but are not Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417902v3 0032695'()00004 2-6 Chapter 2 limited to soil removal and replacement with clean fill and capping. Overall, the resulting remediation will be protective of human health and the environment in addition to satisfying all pertinent health and environmental regulations, • Existing on·site wetlands will be filled and a Shoreline Restoration Plan will be implemented, including re-establishing and expanding wetlands, and recreating/enhancing riparian habitat for mitigation and/or as part of a potential natural resource damages settlement. While specifications for shoreline mitigation and restoration will not be finalized until the ROD and/or a potential natural resource damages settlement, this EIS assumes a post-remediation condition that would result in the greatest area for redevelopment based on the 1983 Renton Shoreline Management Plan and other relevant information as described in Appendix E of the DEIS, As part of the remedy and/or any NRD restoration, EPA and/or any potential NRD settlement may require additional mitigation/NRD restoration that will reduce the site area available for redevelopment and if this results in baseline conditions significantly different than those assumed in this EIS, the City will determine whether this change would warrant submittal of a supplemental EIS or other documentation as appropriate. • Implementation of institutional controls to prevent alteration of any of the caps or other components of the EPA remedy/NRD restoration, including alteration to wetlands and habitat without prior EPNNRD trustee approval, and to prevent the use of on-site groundwater for any purpose. • Implementation of an Operations, Maintenance and Monitoring Plan (OMMP) that would present a process for obtaining EPA approval if future excavations, utility installations or other site disturbances are necessary after implementation of the final remedial action. See Section 3,3, Environmental Health, and Appendix 0 for more information on these assumptions, Though a cleanup action performed under Superfund authorities (e,g" a Consent Decree) would be exempt from the procedural requirements of federal, state and local environmental laws (including the environmental review process), the action must nevertheless comply with the substantive requirements of such laws. EPA will determine whether the selected cleanup action is protective of human health and the environment and complies with all applicable or relevant and appropriate requirements and will also provide technical documents and the proposed cleanup plan for public review prior to finalizing its cleanup decision in the ROD. 2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW PROCESS AND PURPOSE SEPA EIS and Lead Agency For purposes of the Quendall Terminals Redevelopment Project, the City of Renton is responsible for performing the duties of a lead agency, as required by the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA). The City's Environmental Review Committee serves as the Responsible Official for the SEPA review. As indicted above, EPA is the responsible entity for all cleanupiremediation plans and actions. Determination of Significance and EIS Scoping Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417902v3 0032695-000004 2-7 Chapter 2 On November 18, 2009, the applicant submitted an application for Master Plan, Shoreline Substantial Development Permit and Binding Site Plan approval for the Quendall Terminals Redevelopment Project. The City of Renton, as SEPA lead agency, determined that the project may have a significant impact on the environment. As a result, an EIS is required, per WAC 43.21C.030(2)(c) and must be prepared consistent with WAC 197-11-400 through 460. On February 19, 2010, the City issued a Determination of Significance (DS) and Request for Comments on the Scope of the EIS. The DS indicated that a public meeting would be held to provide an opportunity for the public to learn more about the Proposed Actions and to provide input into the environmental review process, and that the EIS scoping period would end on March 12, 2010. However, the initial EIS scoping period ended before the public scoping meeting could be held. As a result, a second public scoping period was opened in order to accommodate a public meeting (this scoping period ended on April 30, 2010). The two scoping periods comprise expanded EIS scoping under SEPA (per WAC 197-11-408 through 410). The EIS public scoping meeting was held on April 27, 2010, to provide the public with opportunities to comment on the range of environmental issues, alternatives and actions that should be considered in the EIS. During the EIS scoping meeting, the public was encouraged to provide both written and/or oral comments on the scope of the EIS. A total of nine people signed in and a total of four people spoke at the public meeting. During the two EIS scoping comment periods, a total of five comment letters/emails were received, including: two comment letters from agencies (Washington State Department of Transportation and King County), one comment letter from the Muckleshoot Indian Tribe, and two comment letters from one individual. All of the comment letters/emails are available for review at the City of Renton Department of Community and Economic Development. See Appendix B for further information on the scoping process and a summary of the scoping comments. The majority of the comments that were received during the public scoping period for the Quendall Terminals EIS related to Recreation/Public Shoreline Access, Utilities (utility construction), Critical Areas, and TransportationiTraffic. Following EIS scoping, the City identified the following elements to be analyzed in this EIS: • Earth • Critical Areas • Environmental Health • Energy -Greenhouse Gas Emissions • Land and Shoreline Use • Relationship to Plans, Policies and Regulations • AestheticsNiews • Parks and Recreation • T ransportationiT raffic Purpose of EIS Analysis Per WAC 197-11-400, an EIS is an objective, impartial evaluation of the environmental consequences of a proposed project. It is a tool that will be used by the City of Renton, other agencies and the public in the decision-making process. An EIS does not recommend for or against a particular course of action. Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417902v3 0032695-000004 2-8 Chapter 2 The Draft EIS (DEIS) is the City's initial analysis of probable significant environmental impacts of the Proposed Actions and alternatives for a range of topics, such as: earth, critical areas, land use, transportation, etc. The DEIS has been issued and distributed to agencies, organizations, and the public for review as part of a public comment period. A public meeting will be held following issuance of the DE IS to gather comments regarding the DEIS. Comments on the DEIS can be given verbally at the public meeting or in writing at any time during this comment period. Based on the comments received on the DEIS, a Final EIS (FE IS) will be prepared as the final step in the EIS process. The FEIS provides responses to comments received on the DEIS from agencies, organizations and the public, and may contain clarifications to the analysis of environmental impacts. The DEIS and FEIS together comprise the document that the City will use -along with other analyses and public input -regarding decisions on the redevelopment project. After the FEIS is issued, City staff will make recommendations to the decision-makers on the Quendall Terminals Redevelopment Project. A public hearing will be held as part of the decision-making process on the project. Ongoing opportunities for public input will occur as part of the decision-making process. 2.4 APPLICANT'S OBJECTIVES For purposes of SEPA (WAC 197-11-440) the following are the applicant's (Century Pacific's) primary objectives for the proposal: • Create a compact, urban residential development that allows for inclusion of a compatible mix of uses, including retail uses, as well as potentially office uses, as the market allows. • Consistent with the Growth Management Act, establish housing at high densities in close proximity to existing employment centers in downtown Renton and other primary employment centers on the Eastside. • Create an overall urban design concept that is consistent throughout the site. • Provide appropriate visual corridors through the site to the shoreline. • Create a development that provides opportunities, such as public walkways or a plaza, for visitors and residents to visually access and to the extent permitted by the ROD and/or any potential NRD settlement, physically access the shoreline of Lake Washington. • Allow for remediation of the site and ensure that future redevelopment is compatible with the environmental remediation effort. Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 OWT 18417902v3 0032695-000004 2-9 Chapter 2 • Work cooperatively with the City of Renton to adopt a binding site plan and possible development agreement that provide the necessary predictability, consistency and expediency for long-term success of the redevelopment and allow for flexibility to respond to market factors over time. • Coordinate with state, federal and local agencies, tribes, organizations, institutions, public and private sector interests and other interested parties to facilitate implementation of both a successful remediation and redevelopment plan in an expeditious manner that returns the property to productive use. • Allow for redevelopment of the property that is financially viable from a real estate market perspective and allows financial return in a timely fashion. 2.5 SITE DESCRIPTION The approximately 21.5-acre Ouendall Terminals site is located in the northern portion of the City of Renton, within the Southwest Y. of Section 29, Township 24 North, Range 5 East, King County. The junction of Interstate Highways 405 and 90 is located approximately 3.5 miles to the northeast (see Figure 2-1). The site includes the approximately 20.3-acre Main Property, located adjacent to Lake Washington, and an approximately 1.2-acre Isolated Property, to the northeast of the Main Property. The Main Property is located at 4350 Lake Washington Boulevard and is generally bounded by Lake Washington on the west; a Puget Sound Energy Easement and the Sea hawks Headquarters and Training Facility on the north; Railroad right-of- way; Lake Washington Boulevard and Ripley Lane N on the east; and, the Barbee Mill residential development on the south. The adjacent Isolated Property is generally bounded by Ripley Lane N on the north and west, and the southbound Interstate-405 off-ramp on the south and east (see Figure 2.2). 2.5.1 Site History Beginning in 1917, creosote and related products were manufactured on the site for about 53 years. The creosote manufacturing facility refined and processed coal tar and oil-gas tar residues that were shipped or barged to the site from Lake Union. Tars and creosote products were released in portions of the site where transport, production and/or storage of the products were performed. In 1972, the site was sold to Ouendall Terminals. Between 1969 and 1978, the site was used intermittently to store diesel, crude and waste oils. Beginning in 1975, the site was used as.a log sorting and storage yard (see Section 3.3, Environmental Health, and Appendix D for details). 2.5.2 Existing Site Conditions The Ouendall Terminals site is currently vacant and essentially unused. The site gently slopes from east to west and is partially vegetated, including mature trees along the western and southern edges of the Main Property. Ten wetlands totaling approximately 0.9 acres are present onsite, eight on the Main Property and two on the Isolated Property (see Section 3.2, Critical Areas, and Appendix E for details). A small brick building, a sewer pump station and a shack are located on the eastern edge of the Main Property. A dock remnant and wharf are situated along the Lake Washington shoreline. There are no other buildings onsite (see Figure 2-3). Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417902v3 0032695-000004 2-10 Chapter 2 Existing Utilities Water The City of Renton currently provides water service to the site. There is an existing 12-inch water main located offsite to the west of the existing railroad tracks within the Railroad right-of- way, and a 1 O-inch water line on the Main Property. The City's water system in the vicinity of the project has the capacity to supply a maximum of 5,600 gallons per minute (GPM) at 20 PSI residual pressure. The site is located in the 320 Water Pressure Zone and static pressure is approximately 124 PSI at the street level (City of Renton, 2009). Sewer The City of Renton currently provides sewer service to the site. An existing 12-inch sewer line and the Baxter Sewer Pump Station are located in the eastern portion of the Main Property. The line runs along the east property line (west of the Railroad right-of-way). The Baxter Sewer Pump Station was designed to serve the Ouendall Terminals site, as well as the Seahawks Headquarters and Training Facility and Barbee Mill development. The pump station was designed for an overall peak flow of 594 gallons per minute (GPM) and a flow of 97.2 GPM from the Ouendall Terminals site. The pump station has the ability to be modified to increase the station's capacity by over 300 GPM (KPFF, 2010). Stormwater An interim stormwater control system is present on the Main Property and consists of swales and berms, as well as a previously constructed sediment pond. The purpose of the interim system is to control site runoff and erosion/sedimentation prior to site cleanup and remediation. Surface runoff currently infiltrates or is conveyed to Lake Washington via surface flow or swales. Existing Comprehensive Plan, Zoning and Shoreline Designations The City of Renton Comprehensive Plan (2009) designates the Ouendall Terminals site (including the Main Property and the Isolated Property) as Commercial/Office/Residential (COR). Per the COR Purpose Statement, this designation provides opportunities for large-scale office, commercial, retail, and multifamily residential projects that develop through a master plan and site plan process and incorporate significant site amenities and/or gateway features. The zoning classification of the Ouendall Terminals site (including both properties) is Commercial/Office/Residential (COR). Per Renton Municipal Code (RMC) 4-2-020(0), the COR zone is intended to provide a mix of intensive office, hotel, convention center and residential activity in a high-quality, master-planned development that is integrated with the natural environment. The Lake Washington shoreline along the Main Property is classified as an Urban environment in the City of Renton Shoreline Master Program (1983). Per RMC 4-3-090(J), the objective of the Urban environment is to ensure optimum utilization of the shoreline by providing for public use and access, and by managing development to enhance and maintain the shoreline for viable and necessary urban uses (see Section 3.6, Relationship to Plans, Policies, and Regulations for details). Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417902v3 0032695-000004 2-11 Chapter 2 2.6 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTION(S) 2.6.1 Proposed Actions The Proposed Actions for the Quendall Terminals Redevelopment Project include: • Master Plan approval from the City; • Binding Site Plan approval from the City; • Shoreline Substantial Development Permit approval from the City; • Possible Development Agreement between the City and the applicant'; • Other local, state and federal permit approvals for construction and redevelopment; and, • Construction and operation of the Quendall Terminals Redevelopment Project. 2.7 DESCRIPTION OF ALTERNATIVES This DEIS addresses the probable significant environmental impacts of proposed redevelopment of the Quendall Terminals site. In order to disclose environmental information relevant to the Quendall Terminals redevelopment and in compliance with SEPA, this DEIS evaluates two redevelopment alternatives (Alternative 1-the subject of the November 2009 application, and Alternative 2 -a lower density alternative), as well as the No Action Alternative. Through further evaluation by the City and the applicant and based on public input, either the Alternative 1 redevelopment plan, the Alternative 2 redevelopment plan, a modification of either plan or a combination of the two plans could be carried forward for possible approval by the City. 2.7.1 EIS Alternatives Concept Overview The Quendall Terminals project is intended to create a vibrant waterfront redevelopment that would convert a Superfund site into a compatible mix of uses, including residential, office (under Alternative 1 only), retail and restaurant uses. Redevelopment would represent a compact, urban form, with a consistent design concept throughout the site. Opportunities would be provided for visitors and residents to visually and to the extent permitted by the ROD and any potential NRD settlement, physically access the shoreline of Lake Washington via public walkways and plazas, as well as through proposed view corridors created by on-site roadways, surface parking areas and open space. The project would be required to be consistent with the final cleanuplremediation plan for the site approved by the EPA, including protocols and institutional controls for construction and long-term redevelopment. 2.7.2 EIS Alternatives Summary Mix of Uses Alternatives 1 and 2 would include a mix of residential, office (under Alternative 1 only), retail, restaurant uses, as well as open space and parking. The mix of uses under Alternatives 1 and 2 would differ slightly as shown in Table 2-1. Alternative 2 would include the same amount of , The possible Development Agreement between the City of Renton and the applicant could identify infrastructure reqUirements, phasing (as appropriate), and specific development standards for the site. Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 2-12 Chapter 2 DWT 18417902v3 0032695-000004 retail and restaurant uses as Alternative 1. However, Alternative 2 would feature fewer residential units and parking spaces than Alternative 1, and no office uses. More open space would be provided under Alternative 2 than under Alternative 1. Site Area Breakdown Table 2-2 provides a breakdown of the site area under Alternatives 1 and 2. As shown in Table 2-2, similar amounts of area would be in built/impervious surfaces, and in vegetated/pervious areas under the redevelopment alternatives. Table 2-1 SUMMARY OF REDEVELOPMENT - ALTERNATIVES 1 & 2 Alternative 1 (sq. ft.) Alternative 2 (sq. ft.) Residential 800 708 Office 245,000 0 Retail 21,600 21,600 Restaurant 9,000 9,000 Open Space' 509,600 518,300 Parking 2,171 0 1,3640 Source. Lance Mueller and AssocIates, 2010. 1 Residential data represents the total number of residential units on the site. 2 For purpose of this DEIS, open space includes: paved plazas, sidewalks, natural areas, landscaped areas and unpaved trails. These areas mayor may not meet the City's standards, regulations, and procedures for open space. 3 Parking data represents the total number of parking spaces on the site. Table 2-2 SITE AREA BREAKDOWN - ALTERNATIVES 1 & 2 Site Uses Alternative 1 (acres) Alternative 2 (acres) Built Areas (Impervious Areas) Building footprints 5.0 Paved rights-of-way, roads, 4.2 pedestrian/bike paths Surface parkinQ areas 1.4 Paved plazas 0.2 Subtotal 10.8 Vegetated Areas (Pervious Areas) Natural areas 1 4.4 ' Landscaped areas 6.0 Unpaved trails 0.2 Subtotal 10.6 Total 21.5' Source: Lance Mueller ArchItects, 2010. 1 Includes the adjacent 1.2-acre Isolated Property to the northeast that is part of the site. 2 Totals differs from sums of subtotals due to rounding. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417902v3 0032695-000004 2-13 4.1 3.9 2.7' 0.1 10.8 4.4 ' 6.1 0.3 10.8 21.5' Chapter 2 3 Although there is less total parking under Alternative 2 than Alternative 1, more of the parking is surface parking, which is why the surface parking areas acreage is greater under Alternative 2 than Altemative 1. Assumed Buildout Date Redevelopment of the Quendall Terminal site would occur subsequent to EPA's ROD and/or any potential NRD settlement, which will set forth EPA's final cleanup/remediation plans, EPA takes the position that any mitigation/restoration will be based on environmental requirements in place at the time of the issuance of the ROD (the estimated date for the ROD is 2014) and/or any potential NRD settlement Some redevelopment activities could be initiated in conjunction with the remediation effort (i.e" some utilities could potentially be installed in conjunction with grading under the remediation). For this EIS, it is assumed that the Quendall Terminals redevelopment would be fully built out by 2015; however, actual buildout would depend upon the final cleanup schedule and market conditions. A specific phasing schedule for redevelopment has not been defined at this point 2.7.3 Description of Redevelopment Alternatives Alternative 1 -Application The approximately 21.5-acre site would be subdivided into 7 lots, 4 of which would contain mixed-use buildings and three of which would contain the Shoreline Restoration Area. Below is a description of the specific features of redevelopment under Alternative 1 (see Figure 2-4, Site Plan -Alternative 1). Residential Alternative 1 would provide a total of 800 multifamily residential units. Residential units would be located in all of the buildings onsite, except buildings NE 1 and SE 3 (see Figure 2-4). A net residential density of 46 dwelling units per acre would result (800 dwelling units/17.23 acres of useable area). Both apartment and condominium units would likely be provided. Due to the site's waterfront location, it is anticipated that the proposed residential units would be targeted towards middle and upper income households. Proposed residential uses are anticipated to generate approximately 1,300 residents. Office Alternative 1 would feature approximately 245,000 square feet of office uses. These uses would be located in buildings NE 1 and SE 3 (see Figure 2-4). Proposed office uses are anticipated to employ approximately 1,000 people. Retail and Restaurant Approximately 21,600 square feet of retail and approximately 9,000 square feet of restaurant uses would be included in Alternative 1. These uses would be located at ground level in buildings NW 1 and SW 3, along Street "B" (see Figure 2-4). These uses are anticipated to employ approximately 50 people. Access/Parking Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417902v3 003269S-000004 2-14 Chapter 2 Vehicular access to the site would be provided via a new access drive connecting to Ripley Lane N in the northeast quadrant of the site, as well as via the extension of N 43rd Street (from the existing Barbee Mill access) in the southeast quadrant of the site. The applicant proposes to dedicate or set aside approximately 3.7 acres of additional right-of-way, as required to provide access to the 7 proposed lots. East-west access within the site would be provided by Drives "D", "E" and "F" (private driveways) and Street "8" (a public street); north-south access within the site would be provided by Streets "A" and "C" (both public streets). Three traffic circles and a hammerhead fire truck turnaround at the terminus of Drive "E" are also proposed (see Figure 2-4 and Appendix C for cross-sections of the on-site roadways). Certain of the proposed roadways onsite do not currently meet City of Renton requirements for fire access. The southwest fire access could be lengthened or extended along the west side or lake side of the proposed structures from the hammerhead to meet the access criteria. The access surface could be an all weather asphalt or an alternate surface (i.e. grass-crete) pending assurance by a geotechnical engineer that the soils could support fire fighting equipment. The two access points to the site cross Port of Seattle property (the Railroad right-of-way) at N 43 rd Street and a new access drive onto Ripley Lane N in the northeast quadrant of the site (see Figure 2-4). These site access roads would be within dedicated public rights-of-way and would include sidewalks, curb cuts and gutters. Figure 2-4 Site Plan -Alternative 1 Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417902v3 0032695-000004 2-15 Chapter 2 Parking spaces for 2,171 cars would be provided in both structured and surface parking areas. Approximately 1,986 structured parking stalls would be located above grade in two levels beneath the proposed buildings. Approximately 185 at-grade surface parking stalls would occur in one lot in the northeast quadrant of the site, as well as along and at the terminus of Street "8" (see Figure 2-4). No underground parking would be provided. Open Space/Recreational Facilities For purposes of this DEIS, it has been calculated that approximately 11.7 acres of open space and related areas would be provided onsite, including: paved plazas, natural areas, landscaped areas, unpaved trails and sidewalks. This open space and related areas mayor may not meet the City's standards, regulations and procedures to be considered open space. Approximately 3.4 to 3.5 acres of the on-site open space and related areas would be visually and to the extent consistent with the ROD and any NRD settlement, physically accessible to the general public (e.g., the shoreline trail). Approximately 4.3 to 4.1 acres of semi-private landscaped courtyards with views toward Lake Washington and passive recreation opportunities (i.e. for gathering and strolling) would be available for Quendall Terminals residents. Approximately 1.2 acres of natural, un-useable open space (wetland habitat) would be provided at the Isolated Property (see Figure 2-4). Additional semi-private areas could be provided as rooftop gardens and private balconies would be provided in the proposed buildings. Recreational facilities (i.e., workout rooms) could be included in the buildings (see Section 3.8, Parks and Recreation, for details). New roadways proposed on the Main Property would include sidewalks to provide pedestrian access. As part of redevelopment, a pedestrian corridor/trail would also be constructed along the Lake Washington shoreline during cleanup/remediation. This trail would provide a range of pedestrian amenities and passive recreation opportunities that would be available to the general public during reasonable hours (anticipated to be from 10 AM to dusk). Two interpretive wetland viewpoints would be incorporated into the design of the trail. The trail would likely be 10 feet wide and would be built with a surface that would support a maintenance pickup truck and ambulance, and would also meet ADA guidelines. The trail would link to the site's upland internal pedestrian circulation system (sidewalks), which would connect to Lake Washington 80ulevard, where existing pedestrian and bicycle facilities are present. The trail would be privately owned and maintained. Building Design Nine buildings would be constructed on the Main Property under Alternative 1. These buildings would range in size from approximately 94,600 to 209,000 square feet. The maximum height of the buildings would be 7 stories (5 stories over 2 stories of parking) or approximately 80 feet. Redevelopment would represent a compact, urban form, with a consistent design concept throughout the site. The proposed design of the buildings is intended to be coordinated through a variety of details and materials, and provide a human scale with visually interesting streetscapes and facades. Ground-level uses (retail and restaurant) would include canopies, pedestrian/street lighting and alternating fagade materials to enhance the visual appeal of the buildings, particularly along Street "8". Upper-level uses would be setback from the ground- level fagade for modulation and visual interest; additional architectural elements would be included, such as fagade modulation, and alternating materials and details. Decorative screening of under-building parking would be provided. Exterior building materials would Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 184 I 7902v3 0032695'{)00004 2-16 Chapter 2 include: glass, painted metal, concrete, brick veneer, metal panel siding, stucco and composite panel siding (see Figure 2-5, Representative Building Elevations -Alternative 1). The design of the building would meet fire protection and detection requirements from the current City of Renton fire code ordinance and the 2009 International Building Code, including: fire protection and detection requirements (fire sprinkler, fire alarm and dry standpipe systems), elevators, high-rise building provisions, pre-fire planning and building radio coverage requirements. A fire mitigation/impact fee would be paid for the proposed development at the time of building permit issuance to help offset the impacts of the project on the City's emergency services. Landscape Design It is anticipated that a Shoreline Restoration Plan will be developed in conjunction with site cleanup/remediation, and will be subject to separate review and approval by the EPA and/or appropriate resource agencies. A conceptual design has been included in this DEIS. The conceptual design is based on the 1983 Renton Shoreline Management Plan and other relevant information as described in Appendix E of the DEIS. However, as discussed earlier in this DEIS, current environmental standards may change in the future because more stringent regulatory standards could be established. It is EPA's position that environmental requirements for environmental mitigation/restoration may result in larger mitigation ratios, buffers and/or setbacks resulting in larger or higher quality wetlands and shoreline restoration. As shown on this conceptual plan, restoration would occur in the shoreline setback along Lake Washington that is assumed to average 68 feet in width, and include re-vegetation with native plant species. Wetlands would be reestablished and expanded in the shoreline area of the Main Property, as well as on the Isolated Property. Riparian habitat would be recreated/enhanced (see Figure 2- 6, Shoreline Restoration Conceptual Design -Alternative 1 and Figure 2-7, Wetland D Buffer Width Averaging -Alternatives 1 and 2). A preliminary landscape plan has been prepared for proposed redevelopment of the upland portion of the Main Property. According to this plan, native and ornamental plants that are suited for this climate zone would be installed as landscaping throughout the site. The intent of the plan is to create a landscape that is functional, aesthetically pleasing, diverse and water efficient. Landscaping would include new trees, shrubs and groundcovers of various sizes and species. Landscaping would be provided between the buildings, including landscaped courtyards that would provide views of Lake Washington, gathering areas and passive recreation opportunities for building residents. Street trees and street landscaping would be planted along the new roadways onsite; surface parking areas would also include landscaping, as required by City of Renton regulations. Under-building parking would be screened by landscaping. A landscaped edge along the north and south boundaries of the site would provide a buffer and partial visual screen between the on-site development and adjacent properties (see Figure 2-8). New buildings could also include rooftop plazas with landscaping and green roof elements. Grading Under its status as a Superfund site by EPA, preliminary grading of the Main Property will be accomplished for site cleanup/remediation. Applicable cleanup methods will consider redevelopment plans for the site as appropriate. For this EIS, the baseline condition assumes that disturbance of site soils will be necessary and capping of the upland and shoreline portions of the Main Property may occur with cleanup/remediation. The baseline conditions also assume Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417902v3 0032695·000004 2-17 Chapter 2 that capping will require the filling of several existing wetlands onsite, and that new wetlands will be created and current wetlands expanded in the shoreline area of the Main Property, as compensation for this filling (see Section 3.2, Plants and Animals, and Appendix E for details). Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417902v3 0032695-000004 2-18 Chapter 2 Figure 2-5 Representative Building Elevations -Alternative 1 Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417902v3 0032695-000004 2-19 Chapter 2 Figure 2·6 Shoreline Restoration Conceptual Design -Alternative 1 QuendaJ/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 184 1 7902vJ 0032695-000004 2·20 Chapter 2 Figure 2-7 Wetland D Buffer Width Averaging -Alternatives 1 and 2 Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 184 1 7902v3 0032695-000004 2-21 Chapter 2 Figure 2-8 Preliminary Landscape Plan -Alternative 1 Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417902v3 0032695-D00004 2-22 Chapter 2 Minimal additional grading would be required for the proposed redevelopment. The actual amount of grading that would be required has not been quantified at this time; some fill would be required to achieve the proposed site grades. It is estimated that approximately 53,000 to 133,000 cubic yards of fill would be required, depending on the average fill depth at the site. It is assumed that the fill material would be imported from an approved location. Some cut/fill would be required for installation of utilities (installation of certain utilities could be coordinated with the cleanup/remediation effort). Buildings and roads would likely be constructed on piles/piers. Utilities Water Water service to Alternative 1 would be provided by the City of Renton via the existing water main in the Railroad right-of-way. The existing water main onsite would be abandoned and a new looped 12-inch water main with fire hydrants would be installed around the site, in accordance with City of Renton requirements. Per the City's requirements, any new construction must have one fire hydrant capable of delivering a minimum of 1,000 GPM located within 100 feet of buildings and additional hydrants within 300 feet of buildings. Automatic fire sprinklers would also be included within all buildings. As described under Existing Conditions in this chapter, the City's water system in the vicinity of the Ouendall Terminals site has the capacity to supply a maximum of 5,600 GPM at 20 PSI. The City has calculated that a preliminary fire flow of 5,000 GPM would be required for the project. It is anticipated there is sufficient capacity in the City's water system to serve the project and meet the City of Renton's requirements. However, a hydraulic analysis of the City's water system, with the proposed project building demands included, would be completed prior to construction in order to confirm that the water demands of the proposed project can be met by the existing system (KPFF, 2010). Sewer Sewer service to Alternative 1 would be provided by the City of Renton via the existing sewer line in Lake Washington Boulevard. The existing sewer line onsite would be reused or abandoned and additional lines provided to connect to the off-site line. The existing Baxter Pump Station onsite would remain and would be incorporated into the proposed sewer system. As described under 2.5.2 Existing Site Conditions in this chapter, the Baxter Pump Station was designed to handle sewage flow of 97.2 GPM from the Ouendall Terminals site. The estimated flow from the Ouendall Terminals Redevelopment Project would be approximately 614 GPM. Therefore, the capacity of the Baxter Pump Station would need to be increased by approximately 517 GPM to 1,111 GPM to accommodate the proposed project. The Baxter Pump Station was designed with the ability to increase capacity by changing pump impellers and increasing the wet well capacity; these measures could be included as part of redevelopment of the site (KPFF, 2010). Stormwater The interim stormwater control system would be eliminated with cleanup/remediation of the site. During construction of the Ouendall Terminals Redevelopment Project, a Temporary Erosion and Sedimentation Control Plan (TESCP), including Best Management Practices (BMPs) for Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417902v3 0032695·000004 2-23 Chapter 2 erosion and sedimentation control, would be implemented, per the 2009 King County Surface Water Design Manual (KCSWDM) adopted by City of Renton. Following construction, a permanent stormwater control system would be installed in accordance with the 2009 KCSWDM. Stormwater runoff would be collected from impervious surfaces and conveyed to Lake Washington through a piped stormwater drainage system. Stormwater would be discharged to the lake. via three new outfalls. Stormwater runoff from pollution-generating surfaces (i.e. roadways and surface parking lots) would be treated prior to discharge to the lake. No stormwater detention would be required, per City regulations (see Section 3.2, Critical Areas, for details). Institutional controls, such as worker safety standards, approved by EPA would be implemented for future utility installations requiring site disturbance after implementation of the final remedial action. Alternative 2 -Lower-density Alternative Similar to Alternative 1, the site would be subdivided into 7 lots, 4 of which would contain mixed- use buildings and three of which would contain the Shoreline Restoration Area. Below is a description of the specific features of redevelopment under Alternative 2 (see Figure 2-9, Site Plan -Alternative 2 and Tables 2-1 and 2-2 for a summary/break down of redevelopment under Alternative 2). Residential Alternative 2 would provide a total of 708 multifamily residential units. Residential units would be located in all of the buildings onsite. A net residential density of 40 dwelling units per acre would result (708 dwelling units/17.53 acres of useable area). Like Alternative 1, both apartment and condominium units would likely be provided, and it is anticipated that the units would be targeted towards middle and upper income households. Office Alternative 2 would not feature any office uses. Retail and Restaurant The same amount of retail (21,600 SF) and restaurant (9,000 SF) uses in the same general areas onsite would be included under Alternative 2 as under Alternative 1 (at ground level in buildings NW 1 and SW 3, along Street "B"). These uses are antiCipated to employ approximately 50 people. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417902v3 0032695-000004 2-24 Chapter 2 Figure 2-9 Site Plan -Alternative 2 Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 184 1 7902v3 003269S-{)00004 2-25 Chapter 2 Access/Parking As under Alternative 1, vehicular access would be provided via a new access drive onto Ripley Lane N in the northeast quadrant of the site, as well as via the extension of N 43 rd Street (from the exiting Barbee Mill access) in the southeast quadrant of the site. The applicant proposes to dedicate approximately 3.6 acres of public right-of-way to provide access to the 7 proposed lots. East-west access within the site would be provided by Drives "D" and "F" (private driveways) and Street "B" (a public street); north-south access within the site would be provided by Streets "A" and "C" (both public streets). Two traffic circles are also proposed (see Figure 2-9 and Appendix C for cross-sections of the on-site roadways). Fire apparatus access roads would need to meet applicable fire code requirements. The two access pOints to the site would cross Port of Seattle property (the Railroad right-of-way) at N 43 rd Street and a new access drive onto Ripley Lane N in the northeast quadrant of the site (see Figure 2-9). These site access roads would be within dedicated public rights-of-way and would include sidewalks, curb cuts and gutters. Parking for approximately 1,364 cars would be provided in structured and surface parking areas. Approximately 988 structured parkin9 stalls would be located above grade in one level beneath the proposed buildings, as well as on two parking decks located in the northeast and southeast quadrants of the site. Approximately 376 at-grade surface parking stalls would occur in two surface parking lots located in the northwest and southwest quadrants of the site, as well as along and at the terminus of Street "B" (see Figure 2-9). No underground parking would be provided. Open Space/Recreational Facilities For purposes of this EIS, it has been calculated that approximately 11.8 acres of open space and related areas would be provided onsite, including: paved plazas, natural areas, landscaped areas, unpaved trails and sidewalks. The characteristics of the open space and related areas would be similar to Alternative 1. This open space and related areas mayor may not meet the City's standards, regulations, and procedures to be considered open space. Building Design Similar to Alternative 1, nine buildings would be constructed on the Main Property under Alternative 2. These buildings would range in size from approximately 77,000 to 112,800 square feel. The maximum height of the buildings would be 6 stories (5 stories over 1 story of parking) or a maximum of approximately 67 feet, as compared to 7 stories and a maximum of 80 feet under Alternative 1. Building design concepts would be similar to Alternative 1 (see Figure 2-10, Representative Elevations -Alternative 2) and would meet fire protection and detection requirements from the current City of Renton fire code ordinance and the 2009 International Building Code. Landscape Design The applicant's proposed Shoreline Restoration Plan as described in Appendix E, would be similar to Alternative 1 (see Figure 2-11, Shoreline Restoration Conceptual Design -Alternative 2 and Figure 2-7, Wetland D Buffer Width Averaging -Alternatives 1 and 2). The landscape Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 184179{J2v3 0032695.(J00004 2-26 Chapter 2 design for the upland area of the Main Property would also be similar to Alternative 1 (see Figure 2-8). Figure 2-10 Representative Building Elevations -Alternative 2 Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417902v3 0032695-(100004 2-27 Chapter 2 Figure 2-11 Shoreline Restoration Conceptual Design -Alternative 2 Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417902v3 0032695-000004 2-28 Chapter 2 Grading Grading for site cleanup/remediation and redevelopment would be similar to Alternative 1. Utilities The provision of utilities (water, sewer and stormwater control) would be similar to Alternative 1. 2.7.4 No Action Alternative Under the No Action Alternative, no new mixed-use development would occur on the Quendall Terminals site at this time. Cleanup/remediation activities required by EPA will still occur (see Sections 2.2 Background and 3.3, Environmental Health for details). Under the No Action Alternative, a Shoreline Restoration Plan will be implemented in conjunction with site cleanup/remediation and/or to resolve potential natural resource damages claims. Since the cleanup/remediation remedy plan will anticipate potential redevelopment of the site, if no redevelopment occurs under the No Action Alternative, the baseline condition (post- remediation) will likely be somewhat different than the baseline conditions assumed for Alternatives 1 and 2, and described earlier in this chapter. Such differences could include: • No publically accessible shoreline trail would be provided. • Shoreline areas that are not part of any potential NRD settlement and outside of the wetland/wetland buffer may not be restored. • Remediation of the upland portion of the Main Property would likely include seeding/temporary re-vegetation to prevent erosion and sedimentation until development occurs at some point in the future. • The stormwater control system would not be integrated into a redevelopment plan. (See Figure 2-12, Shoreline Restoration Conceptual Design -No Action Alternative.) Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417902v3 0032695-000004 2-29 Chapter 2 Figure 2-12 Shoreline Restoration Conceptual Design -No Action Alternative Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417902v3 0032695-000004 2-30 Chapter 2 2.8 BENEFITS AND DISADVANTAGES OF DEFERRING PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION The benefits of deferring approval of the Proposed Actions and implementation of redevelopment of the Quendall Terminals site include deferral of: • Potential impacts of the redevelopment on the natural environment (i.e. critical areas); and, • Potential impacts of the redevelopment on the manmade environment (i.e. traffic operations and aesthetics/views). The disadvantages of deferring approval of the Proposed Actions and implementation of redevelopment include deferral of: • The opportunity to restore the site to a productive use after remediation; • The opportunity to provide a mixed-use development in the Kennydale neighborhood of Renton, including residential, possibly office, retail, restaurant and open space uses; • Development of a publically accessible trail along the Lake Washington shoreline; and, • Tax revenues and other fees (i.e. permit, inspection and utility connection fees) that would accrue to the City of Renton. Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT 18417902v3 0032695'()00004 2-31 Chapter 2 3.2 CRITICAL AREAS This section describes critical areas on the Ouendall Terminals site. including wetlands and riparian habitat. Potential impacts to critical areas from redevelopment under the EIS alternatives are evaluated. This section is based on the Wetland and Habitat Assessment Report (October 2010) prepared by Raedeke Associates. Inc. (see Appendix E to this DEIS). Background Information This section is based on a review of available documentation on the site and proposed redevelopment, including the November 2009 wetland assessment, lake study, and habitat data report prepared by Anchor OEA; the July 2010 conceptual Shoreline Restoration Conceptual Design prepared by Anchor OEA; the November 2009 drainage report prepared by KPFF; and, the Marsh 2010preliminaJ}' draft remedial investigation f3ref3areEldata provided by Anchor OEA and Aspect Consulting. in March 2010. Site conditions and mapped resources were also reviewed through King County's iMap system. See Appendix E for additional information on sources that were reviewed. 3.2.1 Affected Environment Pre-remediation Conditions The Ouendall Terminals site is partially vegetated in trees, shrubs, grasses and herbaceous plant species associated with upland, and wetland and riparian habitat along Lake Washington. The disturbed upland area on the Main Property was heavily used during past log sorting activities and primarily consists of grasses and herbs (see Chapter 2 for further information on the site's past uses). Several wetlands in the upland area were originally constructed for interim historical wastewater and stormwater control facilities and currently contain primarily scrub-shrub vegetation, including invasive species. Shrub and forested areas occur in the western portions of the Main Property, including along the Lake Washington shoreline. The Main Property contains over 450 trees that range from 6 inches to 32 inches in diameter. The riparian habitat on the Main Property along the lake shoreline, including the wetland buffer areas, contains features such as snags and downed woody debris. Vegetation on the Isolated Property typically includes scrub-shrub and emergent vegetation associated with wetland areas, including invasive species. Wetlands Ten existing wetlands, labeled A through J and totaling approximately 0.9 acres have been identified and delineated on the site (see Figure 20 in Appendix D for a map of the existing wetlands). Eight of the delineated wetlands (A through H) are located on the Main Property, primarily in the western part of the property near and along the Lake Washington shoreline. Four of these wetlands (A, D, F and H) are slope and/or lake-fringe wetlands associated with Lake Washington. Of these, Wetlands A, D and F derive their hydrologic conditions largely from Lake Washington. Wetland D also has an upper arm that extends farther from the lake to the south, and likely collects some surface runoff from surrounding uplands. Wetland H was excavated in 2006 in conjunction with installation of an interim stormwater control system to convey stormwater into the lake from a ditch along the south Main Property boundary, while trapping silt and wood debris in several check dams. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 3.2-1 Critical Areas The other four wetlands on the Main Property (B, C, E and G) are depressional wetlands which are not associated with other surface waters. These were originally constructed as wastewater and/or stormwater control facilities. These wetlands currently seasonally contain standing water. As mentioned above, an interim stormwater control system is present on the Main Property and consists of swales and berms, as well as a previously constructed sediment pond. The purpose of the interim system is to control site runoff and erosion/sedimentation prior to site cleanup and remediation. Surface runoff currently infiltrates or is conveyed to Lake Washington via surface flow or swales. The existing on-site wetlands that correspond to constructed stormwater features include Wetlands B, C, E, G and H. The remaining two wetlands onsite (I and J) are present on the Isolated Property. Wetland I is a depressional wetland, and Wetland J is a depressional and slope wetland that flows to an adjacent stream. These two wetlands were created through grading and road construction and receive stormwater runoff from adjacent impervious surfaces. The wetlands on the Quendall Terminals site typically consist of forest and scrub-shrub or scrub-shrub and emergent vegetation, or combinations of all three cover types. Wetlands were rated according to the Washington Department of Ecology (Ecology) rating system, as well as the City of Renton (2010) Critical Areas Regulations. All the wetlands onsite met the criteria for Category III wetlands according to Ecology's rating system, except for Wetland D (Category II) and Wetlands C and H (Category IV). Based on the City of Renton's wetland rating criteria, Wetlands Band E were rated as Category 1, wetland A, D and F were rated as Category 2, and the remaining wetlands, C, G, H, I and J, were rated as Category 3. The snags, downed woody debris and dense cover in the riparian habitat along the Lake Washington shoreline on the Main Property currently provides habitat for a variety of species, including cavity-nesting birds, small mammals, and waterfowl. No priority habitats have been identified on the project site. Priority wetland habitat occurs south and east of the site (within approximately 500 feet) along May Creek and its tributaries. Priority fish species, including coho, fall Chinook, and sockeye salmon, as well as resident cutthroat trout and winter steelhead, are documented to occur in May Creek. These species, as well as Dolly Varden/bull trout, are also documented to occur within Lake Washington. May Creek comes within approximately 400 feet of the southeastern portion of the site when it passes under Lake Washington Boulevard. However, no runoff from the Quendall Terminals site drains to May Creek. Any protective buffers associated with May Creek do not extend onto the site. There are also wetlands located on the Sea hawk's property to the north. Buffers associated with these wetlands do not extend onto the Quendall Terminals site. Post-Remediation Existing Conditions ~ollo'llin§As discussed in Section 2.2, this EIS assumes that site sleanup aREI remeEliation, it is aS6umeEl that the entire Main Preperty, insluElin§ the uplanEl anEl shoreline areas, will se sappeEl 'Nith two to three feet of soil. This sappin§ 'Nillremediation will include a cap and/or removal and backfill with clean soil resulting in a clean soil surface over the Main Property. Capping and/or soil removal and replacement could result in the fillfilling of all of the existing wetlands and elimination of riparian habitat on this property. No sappin§ anEl assosiateEl fillfilling of wetlands willis assumed t2 occur on the Isolated Property. CertainTo mitigate for these cleanup-related impacts, additional wetlands 'Nill se reestaslisheEl/expanEleEl anEl riparian hasitat will se Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 3.2-2 Critical Areas reereateElienhaneeEl 'Nith imi3lementation of aeclJSLriPerjan habitat would be recestablished and/or expanded. While specificationsJqrshoreline mitigation and restoration will not be finalized until the ROD and/or a potential natural resource damages settlement this EJS-<lS~UmElJ1~R post-remediation condition that wouldal!Q""J!l~c,greatest area for development (see Chapter 1. Section 1.1 and ChapteLf+~§ection 2.2 for further information regarding how EPA will finalize remediation requirement§J",-The Shoreline Restoration Plan (seeassumed in this EI~ based,S1P th~J~lll,.Renton Shoreline Management Plan requirements.!lnd Appendix E of the DEIS is depicted in Figures 2-6 and 2-11 for the Shoreline Restoration Coneei3tual Design under Alternatives 1 and 2, respectivelyfr-. If the environment mitigation/restorationsrestoratiQIl requirementsi~LIl+EPA takes the position it can impose greater mitigation ratLQ§".~buffers, setbJ!.kks) are more stringent at the time the ROD is deveLQIled, the wetland and shoreline restoration areas will probably beJarg!;lrthan depicted in Figures 2c6 and 2-11. Wetlands As mentioned above, it is assumed that all of the wetlands on the Main Property wilIwould be filled witRalLa [l;ls.u1Lof the assumed cai3i3ing of Ihis i3rei3eFly for sleanui3!remediation. Threecapping and/or soil removal and replacement with clean fill that L§~~!mected to occur during site cleanup. EPA will not determine the firwl W-D!land impacts and mitigation requirements until it identifies tl}e final cleanup plan for the site and issues its Record of Decision (ROD), As discussed in.s~Y!L9D 2.2~ the Applicant will be required to comply with anYEquirernents imposed by EPA as a part of cleanup under the federal ROD, even if those requirements are not articulated in this EIS or City approvals. PreviguslY+ approved standards, focused on the protection of human hea!tllaodJtle environment such as wetlands and neceSSarY habitaU>'y~1}e City as part of the EIS process could be changed pursuant to the ROD. In the eVlillLthe.final cleanup remedy selected by EPA will result in a post-remedj~tion baseline that is Significantly larger from the baseline conditior:J§ desQIi_beg, ,in this DEIS and thus the redevelopment footprint is srn.!!.Iler. the Citv will determine wt:lelher such changes warrant submittal of a supplO!Dental EIS or other documentation as appropriate. I~ssumed that three of the wetlands along the shoreline (A, 0 and H) wiIlwould be re-established, and two of these wetlands (A and D) wilIwould be expanded to mitigate for wetland fill on the remainder of the site. The assumed cleanup would not impact the two wetlands identified on the Isolated Property (I and J) will not l3e imi3aeteEl l3y the eleanui3iremediation. and Wetland J wilIwould be expanded as part of the mitigation for wetland impacts associated with site remediation. This EJS.assumes these post-[l;lmediation conditions because they I\(QuJd result in tOe,g,Lf:laj,est area for redevelopment based on the 1983 Reokm..sboreline Management Plan and Appendix E of the DEIS. SutJjeet 10 EPA approval,Similarly~Lwas ass.umed that impacts to on-site wetlands witRresulting from cleanup/remediation will likelyand/or any potential natural resource.-dama,gelLSOttlement would be mitigated at a 1.5: 1 ratio, (which would allow the greatest area for redeveJoRm~ based on the 1983 ~eDton Shoreline Management Plan and Appendix E of theJ)I::I~ except for those that are exempt from critical area regulation (e.g. Wetland G) which wilIwould be mitigated at a 1:1 ratio per City of Renton critical areas regulations (RMC 4-3-050.C(f), due to its small size and physical isolation. Based on the Shoreline Restoration Conceptual Designs for Alternatives 1 and 2, the overall compensatory wetland creation/expansion (at Wetlands A, 0 and J) wilIwoUld total approximately 31,800 square feet (see Figures 2-6 and 2-11). The wetlands that wilIWQJ.!ld be re-established or expanded along the Lake Washington shoreline with remediation wilIare assumed to be classified as Category 2 wetlands per the City of Renton (2010) Municipal Code, which requires a 50-foot buffer for commercial uses. The expanded Wetland J in the Isolated Property wilI~ remain a Category 3 wetland, which requires a 25-foot buffer under the City of Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 3.2-3 Critical Areas Renton (2010) Municipal Code. Wetland I wiIlWO.J,!.!£j remain a Category 3 wetland, which requires a 25-foot buffer. None of the proposed wetland buffers would extend onto adjacent properties, due to buffer averaging. The reestablished/expanded wetlands along Lake Washington (A, D and H) wiIlare assumed in this EIS to include emergent, scrub-shrub and forested components to mitigate for the losses of similar cover types along the shoreline. These will alsecleanup/remediation and/or Qoteu\@1 natural resource damage restoration actions are assumed to include open water components and large woody debris to diversify habitat conditions along the shoreline. The assumed expansion of Wetland J wiIlwould similarly include a mix of emergent, scrub-shrub, and forested habitats. This is intended to compensate for remediation impacts to on-site wetlands and/or potential natural resource damages not associated with Lake Washington (8, C, E and G) and is expected to diversify and improve wetland habitat on this part of the site over the current mix of invasive species, primarily Himalayan blackberry and reed canarygras5canarv grass. Wetland/riparian buffer areas wiIlare also ~-.e.dJQ be revegetated along the Lake Washington shoreline follewing §s ~~.p.arLgLc~.2J1UWremediation and/or any potential natural resource da.!l1.ages ... ..5.ettiement. The baseline condition assumes re-vegetation of at least the minimum 50-foot wetland buffer areas, consistent with City of Renton regulations. The wetland/riparian buffers wiIlwould likely consist of a variety of cover types, including shrub habitat of willows and other water-tolerant shrubs, as well as both deciduous and coniferous forest cover types. The newly planted wetland vegetation is expected to establish within the first growing season following cleanup/remedi<!1iQn ~mdLgri!J1d2leJ1J_e.nl.ation of actions required in any potential natural re.s.ource damage.s. settlement. Generally, after the first growing season, 80 to 90 percent of tree and shrub species plantings can be expected to survive, and emergent wetland plantings can be expected to provide 10 to 15 percent cover. As the tree and shrub species grow, they will continue to provide more cover and structural diversity in the restored/enhanced wetland and buffer areas. Functional habitat will be provided immediately following establishment of new plantings, but will continue to improve as the wetland matures. Fully functioning habitat is generally provided after three to five growing seasons, when total cover of tree and shrub plantings is on the order of 30 to 40 percent, and cover of emergent wetland plantings is on the order of 50 to 75 percent (Anchor QEA, 2010). A 25-foot buffer, at a minimum, will remain on the expanded Wetland J and retained Wetland I within the Isolated Property. Thus, the baseline condition for this part the site is assumed to consist of Wetland I and its buffer and an expanded and diversified Wetland J and its buffer. The Washington State Department of Transportation may use the Isolated Property for the future 1-405 widening and NE 44'h Street interchange improvement project (see Section 3.9, Transportation, for additional information). However, a final design is not complete for this project, and WSDOT would be responsible for providing compensation if the wetlands or wetland buffers on this area of the site are impacted. The Shoreline Restoration Conceptual Design assumed to be implemented as part of cleanup/remediation and/or any -potential natural resource damages settlement and retained under Alternatives 1 and 2 includes construction of a small, continuous wave-attenuation berm composed of permeable material, such as sand and gravel, between Wetland D and the lake to protect the wetland from wave energy and to minimize erosion and associated habitat disturbance. A similar, but discontinuous berm wiIlwould be constructed along the lake along portions of Wetland A. The water level and hydrology of the re-establish ed/expanded Wetlands A and D wiIl~ be controlled by the water surface elevation of Lake Washington, but surface Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 3.2-4 Critical Areas water cannectian wiIIwauld anly be present between the lake and partians af Wetland A The cantinuaus wave attenuatian berm that 'Nill-sepafaleseparating all af Wetland D from the lake wiIIwauld be cantralled by Lake Washing tan elevatians via a graundwater cannectian. As a result, while bath Wetlands A and D wiIIWQuld be "assaciated" with the shareline, Wetland D wiIIwauld nat be cantiguaus with the lake, and the ardinary high water mark (OHWM) in this area wiIIWQY)d fallaw the wetland baundary far wetlands cantiguaus with Lake Washingtan (west af Wetland D in this case). With the discantinuaus wave attenuatian berm that will be canstructed alang the lake alang partians af Wetland A, the OHWM in the Wetland A area wiIIwauld fallaw the re-established/expanded wetland baundary (the eastern wetland baundary in this case; see Figures 2·10 and 2·11). 3.2.2 Impacts This sectian evaluates patential impacts to. wetland and riparian habitats ooreestablished and/ar expanded as part af the cleanup/remediatian af and/ar any patential natural resaurce damages settlement far the Quendall Terminals site ffilfiR§l!-R.iU§§.J.!lt . .9LsJ.Jbsequent canstructian and aperatian af the propased redevelapment. As discussed in Sectian 2.2. the Applicant will b~ required to. cam ply with any requirements impased by EPA as a part af cleanup under the federal RQD.+ ___ .!i\!~n--jLil}Q§.e requirements ..l!Ie_.JD.Qre_J,tdn.~JJL.Qr not articulated in this EIS or City approvals. Alternative 1 Under Alternative 1, mixed-use development is proposed on the upland portian of the Main Property, in an area that will be sapped with is assumed to be covered with clean soil (as a result of capping and/or removal of cantaminSllkm and replacement with clean fill as part of the site cleanup/remediationl. The sapped shoreline restoratian area alang Lake Washington, totalingassumed to total approximately 3.2 acres, would largely remain in the post-remediation condition. +Risltis assumed this area wauld cansist of a revegetated riparian zone that includes reestablished/expanded wetland areas, wetland buffers, and restored/enhanced riparian habitat. Alf approved by EPA a trail that wauld be accessible to the public would be provided along the shoreline, and would include interpretive wetland viewpoints (see Figure 2·6, Shoreline Restoration Plan Conceptual DeSign -Alternative 1). No develapment would occur on the Isolated Property. This praperty would remain in its past-remediation conditian-as, which l§ assumed to include retained/expanded wetlands and their buffers. Direct Impacts Under Alternative 1, no direct impacts would occur to the assumed retained/expanded wetlands (Wetlands I and J) on the Isalated Property, ar the assumed re-established/expanded wetlands (Wetlands A, D and H) on the Main Property. The wetlands along the Lake Washington shoreline (Wetlands A, D and H) would be retained within a re-vegetated riparian zone. Similarly, Wetlands I and J on the Isalated Praperty would be retained within natural open space. A portion af the buffer an Wetland D W91Mis propased by the applicant to be reduced to. 25 feet; other partions of the buffer would be expanded to provide compensatary area, as allowed by the buffer averaging provisions in the City of Rentan Municipal Code (see Figure 2·7 far a depiction of the Wetland D buffer averaging). The area of buffer expansion (nearly 6,000 square feet) wauld exceed the area of buffer reduction (approximately 5,400 square feet) so that more total buffer area would be provided with the proposed buffer averaging, consistent with buffer Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 3.2-5 Critical Areas averaging provisions in the Code. Wetland A would be provided with a minimum 50-foot buffer, plus additional upland riparian habitat within the re-vegetated riparian zone. Thus, the buffer width along Wetland A would range from 50 feet to well over 100 feet. Wetland H would be protected with a 50-foot buffer, which exceeds the required 25-foot minimum buffer based on its classification. A publically accessible, unpaved pedestrian trail is also proposed within the riparian habitat and would cross the wetland buffer areas. EPA takes the position that it may impose additional conditions that affect the wetland buffers. Prol3osesln assilion 10 any environmental set9a~re\Hlkements imsoses 9... EPA, £lF9S0SesProposed buildings would be setback a minimum of 50 feet from the shoreline under Alternative 1, as required by the City of Renton 1983 Shoreline Master Program, as amended (Renton Municipal Code Section 4-3-090). This setback would be measured from the eastern edge of Wetland A and from the OHWM, including along the continuous shoreline attenuation berm near Wetland D. The re-vegetated riparian area extends well beyond the required 50-foot shoreline setback in several locations (see Figure 2-7). It is EPA's position that it can impose additional setback requirements. +hfeeSubject to EPA's approval, three stormwater outfalls would be constructed within the shoreline area to convey treated stormwater from the developed areas of the site to Lake Washington. Construction of these outfalls would be in accordance with the 2009 KCSWDM to prevent erosion and sedimentation of the lake. These outfalls would be located to avoid direct impacts to the reestablished/expanded wetland areas and designed with energy dissipation to prevent erosion during operation. Together with the proposed trail, these are relatively minor encroachfllents that are not expected to adversely affect the integrity of the Lake Washington shoreline. These outfalls, which may either discharge into nearshore wetlands or directly into Lake Washington, could be constructed during site cleanup/remediation to reduce potential impacts to the shoreline area. Indirect Impacts Proposed redevelopment under Alternative 1 has the potential to cause indirect impacts to the reestablished/expanded wetlands relating to hydrologic conditions and potential for erosion and sediment deposition. Grading and construction of impervious surfaces and operation of the permanent stormwater collection and treatment facilities would modify the surface hydrologic conditions of the site, and thus potentially could affect hydrologic conditions of the wetlands. During Construction Clearing and grading activities associated with the proposed redevelopment would expose erodible soils on the site. The potential for erosion and delivery of sediments to the wetlands along the shoreline and to Lake Washington would be greatest during the construction period and would depend on the construction season, soil types, the amount of exposed soils, slopes, surface drainage patterns and mitigation measures employed. Sediment transport and deposition, particularly during construction, can adversely impact plant and animal communities of the wetlands and the lake by affecting water quality (increased turbidity, suspended and settleable solids, temperature, pollutants), which could adversely affect the suitability of aquatic habitats for various forms of vertebrate and invertebrate wildlife. Installation of certain utilities (i.e., the conveyance pipes to the stormwater outfalls) could disturb vegetation that has been established in the Shoreline Restoration area with site remediation. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 3.2-6 Critical Areas Trenching for utilities and stormwater outfalls could be incorporated into site grading associated with remediation efforts to limit or prevent later disturbance of re-vegetated areas. The project would include implementation of a TESCP during construction, per the 2009 KCSWDM adopted by the City of Renton, including BMPs for erosion and sedimentation control, which would limit or prevent erosion or sediment deposition into the shoreline wetlands and the lake. Some sediment deposition could occur within the wetland buffers, and potentially the wetlands, especially during construction; however, the impacts to the wetlands are not expected to be significant. PFeFl9Sedin addition to any requirements imposed by EPA proposed buffers would range from 50 to well over 100 feet on Wetland A and from 25 feet to over 100 feet on Wetland D. With appropriate erosion control measures (e.g., silt fences), and to the extent that vegetation is established within the buffers as a part of site remediation, and on-site slopes are assumed to be relatively gentle, the potential for sediment deposition into the wetlands would be very limited. Therefore, no significant impacts to the shoreline wetlands, riparian habitat and the lake would be anticipated during construction. Following Construction Following construction, the exposed upland portions of the Main Property would be covered in buildings, paved areas and landscaping. A preliminary landscape plan has been prepared for this portion of the site. According to this plan, ornamental plants and, as possible, native plants that are suited for this climate zone would be installed as landscaping throughout the property. Landscaping would include new trees, shrubs and groundcovers of various sizes and species (see Figure 2-8, Alternative 1 -Preliminary Landscape Plan). There would be much less potential for erosion and sedimentation with the proposed redevelopment. Introduction of noxious weeds or invasive species would be avoided to the extent practicable in areas that would be re-vegetated as part of the proposed redevelopment. Together with the native species planted, this would help limit the unnecessary spread of invasive species that could adversely affect the suitability of open space habitats onsite and in the vicinity for wildlife. A permanent stormwater control system would be installed in accordance with the 2009 KCSWDM adopted by the City of Renton.-'illd_-'!lliQ.in.accordance with EPA remediation ----_._------_ .. - requirements. Stormwater runoff would be collected from impervious surfaces; conveyed to Lake Washington through a piped stormwater drainage system; and, discharged to the lake via three new outfalls. Stormwater runoff from pollution-generating surfaces (i.e. roadways and surface parking lots) would be treated prior to discharge to the lake. Roof runoff (considered to be non-pollution generating) would be collected and discharged directly to the lake separately. No stormwater detention would be required, per City regulations. The system would be designed to contain and convey the 25-year peak flows from developed conditions for on-site tributary areas. No upstream tributary areas would drain to the project site or the proposed stormwater control system. Thus, no severe flooding or erosion problem would be expected from potential overflow from a 1 ~O-year storm event. In addition, the outfalls to the lake from the stormwater control system would be designed to prevent erosion at their outlets. Based on these factors, together with the lack of direct stormwater discharge to the reestablished/expanded wetlands in the shoreline area, no significant impacts to the on-site wetlands from erosion or sediment deposition would be expected during operation of the project. Water quality impacts to the wetlands and lake also would not be expected. The reestablished/expanded wetlands along the lake shore (Wetlands A, 0 and H) would derive their hydrology from the lake (as under existing conditions), rather than surface water runoff. The Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 3.2-7 Critical Areas hydrology of the wetlands on the Isolated Property (Wetlands I and J) would not be affected, as no development is proposed in that area. Wildlife Habitat Impacts With respect to wildlife habitat, after completion of the remediation measures...and/or measures required as part of the potential natural resource.§.settlement, most of the site wiIIm~ be left as bare soil, except the re-vegetated shoreline habitat, including the reestablishedl expanded wetland areas. Consequently, redevelopment of the upland areas would not be expected to remove significant habitat features or to displace wildlife from these upland areas. Some disturbance of the re-vegetated shoreline habitat from human and construction activity may occur during construction. However, this vegetation would likely be relatively recently established and would initially provide limited habitat during this period. After redevelopment, some wildlife species adapted to urban environments (e.g., starlings, house sparrows, American robins, various swallows, American crows, raccoons) would likely come to use the site over time and utilize the developing vegetation in the upland portion of the site, as well as the native vegetation within the riparian zone. Given the urban context of the site and vicinity, some of these urban-adapted species (e.g. starlings, crows) may limit use of the re-vegetated shoreline habitats by other native species, such as cavity-nesting birds and songbirds. Public use of the proposed shoreline trail within the re-vegetated riparian zone would likely cause some noise and disturbance to wildlife in the vicinity of the trail. The trail itself would also form a break in native vegetation within the area and maintain some fragmentation of the developing habitat over time. However, the trail would also limit pedestrian access to the riparian area, and would prevent human use and degradation of the re-vegetated shoreline area. Overall, Alternative 1 is not expected to adversely impact terrestrial priority species, as none are known to occur onsite. A variety of fish species, including salmonid fish, several of which are federal or state-listed species, are known to use nearshore habitats within Lake Washington. Following remediation, nearshore habitat conditions are expected to recover and improve over pre-remediation conditions. The only development proposed in this area would be the storm water outfalls, which would be installed in accordance with the 2009 KCSWDM and EPA remediation requirements.. As mentioned above, water quality treatment would be provided for stormwater runoff from pollution-generating surfaces. Therefore, no significant impacts to the priority fish species in the lake would be anticipated. Alternative 2 Similar to Alternative 1, under Alternative 2 mixed-use development is proposed on the upland portion of the Main Property, in an area that ..... ill be cappeEl with site~aJiSJ.tmed to be covered with clean surface soil (as a result of capping andlor IlLmoval of contamination and replacement with clean fill as part of cleanuplremediationl. The sappeEl shoreline restoration area along the Lake Washington, totaliA§assumed to total approximately 3.2 acres, would largely remain in the post-remediation condition. +rusH is assumed this area would consist of a re-vegetated riparian zone that includes re-established/expanded wetland areas, wetland buffers, and restoredlenhanced riparian habitat. Alf approved by EF'8.....a trail that would be accessible to the public would be provided along the shoreline, and would include interpretive wetland viewpoints (see Figure 2-11, Shoreline Restoration Plan Conceptual Design -Alternative 2). No development would occur on the Isolated Property. This property would remain in its Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 3.2-8 Critical Areas post-remediation condition-as,~'<lll:)ich is assumed to include retained/expanded wetlands and their buffers. Under Alternative 2, mixed-use development would include fewer residential units, essentially the same area for commercial/retail uses and no office space. The shoreline restoration area, encompassing the re-established/expanded wetlands and their buffers and restored/enhanced shoreline habitat along the shoreline would be provided, encompassing slightly more area than Alternative 1 (approximately 1,400 square feet more). As under Alternative 1, no direct wetland impacts would occur under Alternative 2. No development would occur within the Isolated Property, thus no direct impacts would occur to Wetlands I and J, as under Alternative 1. The same buffer averaging proposed by the applicant for Wetland D wooltIis also proposed by the applicant to be applied under Alternative 2, such that the minimum buffer would be 25 feet and additional compensatory buffer area would be provided (see Figure 2-7). Wetland A would be provided with essentially the same buffer as under Alternative 1, ranging from a minimum of 50 feet wide to well over 100 feet wide. Alternative 2 is assumed to include implementation of a similar TESCP plan during construction and a similar permanent stormwater control plan as Alternative 1. Thus, significant indirect impacts to on-site wetlands and the lake would not be expected from stormwater runoff during construction and operation of the project. With a similar footprint and site features, such as the publicly accessible trail, the redevelopment under Alternative 2 would be expected to result in essentially the same impacts to wildlife habitat as under Alternative 1. With fewer residential units and no office development, human activity and noise levels would be slightly less than under Alternative 1. Given the urban context of the area, however, impacts from disturbance and noise would likely be similar to under Alternative 1. No Action Alternative Under the No Action Alternative, no redevelopment would occur on the Quendall Terminals site at this time. The site would remain in a post-remediation condition, with a-Gaj:)clean surface soil present over the entire Main Property and re-established and expanded wetlands along the shoreline ans an e*flanses wetlans (Wetlana J) on the Isolates Proflerty. The restored/enhanced and re-vegetated areas along the lake are assumed to include fUlly-re-vegetated 50-foot buffers of Wetlands A and D, as part of the remediation. No additional riparian habitat restoration area is assumed to be established that would connect Wellands A and D. No buffer averaging would be necessary on Weiland D. No publically accessible trail with interpretive weiland viewpoints would be provided in the shoreline restoration area. It is anticipated that the upland portions of the site would be seeded with some kind of cover crop to provide temporary re-vegetation until development occurs at some time in the future. Under the No Action Alternative, no direct or indirect impacts would occur to the wetlands along the Lake Washington shoreline on the Main Property or on the Isolated Property. Less area along the shoreline would be re-vegetated to establish riparian habitat than under Alternatives 1 and 2. However, it is assumed that vegetation would gradually become established over time along the shoreline between the re-established wetlands and their buffers. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 3.2-9 Critical Areas The process of natural succession would occur under the No Action Alternative, as long as the site is not redeveloped. Vegetation in the restored/enhanced areas would grow and develop over time. Given enough time and lack of a major disturbance (such as fire), the seeded upland areas would gradually re-vegetate as well, as has occurred after cessation of activities on the site previously. This vegetation would likely consist of a combination of native (e.g. red alder, black cottonwood, willow) and exotic invasive species (e.g. Himalayan blackberry, Japanese knotweed) adapted to disturbed areas. No impacts to wildlife, including priority fish species in the lake, would be anticipated under this alternative. 3.2.3 Mitigation Measures Required/Proposed Mitigation Measures During Construction • A temporary erosion and sedimentation control plan (TESCP), including Best Management Practices (BMPs) for erosion and sedimentation control, would be implemented during construction, per the 2009 King County Surface Water Design Manual (KCSWDM) adopted by the City of Renton (see Section 3.1, Earth, and Appendix D for details). Implementation of this plan would prevent or limit impacts to the lake and shoreline wetlands from erosion and sedimentation. Following Construction • Proposed redevelopment would avoid direct impacts to the retainedlre-established/expanded wetlands onsite. • Re-established/expanded wetlands would be retained in an open space tract that includes required buffers and a riparian habitat enhancement area. • WetlaAslrLadQiliQ.I1-.\Q any requirements impQsed by EPA. wetland buffer areas would meet or exceed the minimum City-required buffers for Wetlands A, D and H (the Wetland D buffer would meet the City's requirement through buffer averaging). Wetland I and J would also be provided with buffers that meet or exceed ,!-oplicable City requirements. • Proposes In addition to any setbacks requires requirements impose.d.bLt=:PA. proPQsed buildings would be setback a minimum of 50 feet from the OHWM, as requires by...in cQmpliance with the City of Renton's 1983 Shoreline Master Program, which reguires a minimum setback Qf 50 feet for cQmmercial uses and 2~Jeel fQr residential uses for Category 2 wetland~ (see SectiQn 3 for additional details). • A permanent stormwater control system would be installed consistent with the requirements of the 2009 KCSWDM adopted by the City of Renton and cQnsistent with EPA remediation requirements. The system would collect and convey stormwater runoff to Lake Washington via a tight-lined system. Water quality treatment would be provided for runoff from pollution-generating surfaces to prevent water quality impacts to the lake and shoreline wetlands. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 3.2-10 Critical Areas • Native plant species would be included within landscaping of the redeveloped upland area on the Main Property to the extent feasible, and could provide some limited habitat benefits to native wildlife species. • Introduction of noxious weeds or invasive species would be avoided to the extent practicable in areas re-vegetated as part of the proposed redevelopment. Together with the native species planted, this would help limit the unnecessary spread of invasive species that could adversely affect the suitability of open space habitats on site and in the vicinity for wildlife. • Alf approved by EPA a publicly accessible, unpaved trail would be provided through the shoreline area that would include interpretive wetland viewpoints. Other Possible Mitigation Measures • Trenching for utilities and stormwater outfalls could be incorporated into site grading associated with remediation efforts to limit or prevent later disturbance of re-vegetated areas. • Upland areas on the Main Property could be temporarily re-vegetated following site remediation, depending on the timing of redevelopment. 3.2.4 Significant Unavoidable Adverse Impacts No significant unavoidable adverse impacts to critical areas would be anticipated. Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 3.2-11 Critical Areas Document compariSODRyWOrkshare Compare on Monday, October 24, 2011 11'46'23 AM IlnDut: DocumenLt 10 interwovenSite:lldwtdQcslDWTf18418142f1 Descriotion #18418142v1<DWT> -Section 3,2 Critical Areas fcleanl Document ?ID interw()venSite:lldwtdocsIDWTf18418142f2 Descriotion #18418142v2<DWT> -Section 3,2 Critical Areas [clean] Bendering set standard _. __ .-._. -- Stati~ti!:<~; CQUot Insertions 7 Deletions 4 MQ'Led from Q Moved to Q Style change Q FQrmatcbaoged 0 Total changes 11 Document comparison by Workshare Compare on Monday, October 24, 2011 11 "48'13 AM Input: Document 1 ID lfile://C:\Users\paks\Desktop\DEIS\ 10-13-11 \Section 3 2 - Critical Areas [Original).docx Description Section 3 2 -Critical Areas [Original] Document 2 ID interwovenSite://dwtdocs/DWT/18419662/1 Description !#18419662v1<DWT> -Section 3.2 Critical Areas CMP Rendering set standard Legend: Insertion geietiefl Moved-.frem MJlvedJ~ Style change Format change Moved deletion I nserted cell Deleted cell Moved cell Split/Merged cell Padding cell Statistics: Count Insertions 139 Deletions 73 Moved from 0 Moved to 0 Style change 0 Format changed 0 Total changes 212 3.2 CRITICAL AREAS This section describes critical areas on the Quendall Terminals site, including wetlands and riparian habitat. Potential impacts to critical areas from redevelopment under the EIS alternatives are evaluated. This section is based on the Wetland and Habitat Assessment Report (October 2010) prepared by Raedeke Associates, Inc. (see Appendix E to thisDEIS) .. Background Information This section is based on a review of available documentation on the site and proposed redevelopment, including the November 2009 wetland assessment, lake study, and habitat data report prepared by Anchor QEA; the July 2010 conceptual Shoreline Restoration Conceptual Design prepared by Anchor QEA; the November 2009 drainage report prepared by KPFF; and, preliminary draft remedial investigation data provided by Anchor QEA and Aspect Consulting in March 2010. Site conditions and mapped resources were also reviewed through King County's iMap system. See Appendix E for additional information on sources that were reviewed. 3.2.1 Affected Environment Pre-remediation Conditions The Quendall Terminals site is partially vegetated in trees, shrubs, grasses and herbaceous plant species associated with upland, and wetland and riparian habitat along Lake Washington. The disturbed upland area on the Main Property was heavily used during past log sorting activities and primarily consists of grasses and herbs (see Chapter 2 for further information on the site's past uses). Several wetlands in the upland area were originally constructed for interim historical wastewater and stormwater control facilities and currently contain primarily scrub- shrub vegetation, including invasive species. Shrub and forested areas occur in the western portions of the Main Property, including along the Lake Washington shoreline. The Main Property contains over 450 trees that range from 6 inches to 32 inches in diameter. The riparian habitat on the Main Property along the lake shoreline, including the wetland buffer areas, contains features such as snags and downed woody debris. Vegetation on the Isolated Property typically includes scrub-shrub and emergent vegetation associated with wetland areas, including invasive species. Wetlands Ten existing wetlands, labeled A through J and totaling approximately 0.9 acres have been identified and delineated on the site (see Figure 20 in Appendix 0 for a map of the existing wetlands). Eight of the delineated wetlands (A through H) are located on the Main Property, primarily in the western part of the property near and along the Lake Washington shoreline. Four of these wetlands (A, D, F and H) are slope and/or lake-fringe wetlands associated with Lake Washington. Of these, Wetlands A, D and F derive their hydrologic conditions largely from Lake Washington. Wetland D also has an upper arm that extends farther from the lake to the south, and likely collects some surface runoff from surrounding uplands. Wetland H was excavated in 2006 in conjunction with installation of an interim stormwater control system to convey stormwater into the lake from a ditch along the south Main Property boundary, while trapping silt and wood debris in several check dams. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 3.2-1 Critical Areas The other four wetlands on the Main Property (B, C, E and G) are depressional wetlands which are not associated with other surface waters. These were originally constructed as wastewater and/or stormwater control facilities. These wetlands currently seasonally contain standing water. As mentioned above, an interim stormwater control system is present on the Main Property and consists of swales and berms, as well as a previously constructed sediment pond. The purpose of the interim system is to control site runoff and erosion/sedimentation prior to site cleanup and remediation. Surface runoff currently infiltrates or is conveyed to Lake Washington via surface flow or swales. The existing on-site wetlands that correspond to constructed stormwater features include Wetlands B, C, E, G and H. The remaining two wetlands onsite (I and J) are present on the Isolated Property. Wetland I is a depressional wetland, and Wetland J is a depressional and slope wetland that flows to an adjacent stream. These two wetlands were created through grading and road construction and receive stormwater runoff from adjacent impervious surfaces. The wetlands on the Quendall Terminals site typically consist of forest and scrub-shrub or scrub-shrub and emergent vegetation, or combinations of all three cover types. Wetlands were rated according to the Washington Department of Ecology (Ecology) rating system, as well as the City of Renton (2010) Critical Areas Regulations. All the wetlands onsite met the criteria for Category III wetlands according to Ecology's rating system, except for Wetland 0 (Category II) and Wetlands C and H (Category IV). Based on the City of Renton's wetland rating criteria, Wetlands Band E were rated as Category 1, wetland A, 0 and F were rated as Category 2, and the remaining wetlands, C, G, H, I and J, were rated as Category 3. The snags, downed woody debris and dense cover in the riparian habitat along the Lake Washington shoreline on the Main Property currently provides habitat for a variety of species, including cavity-nesting birds, small mammals, and waterfowl. No priority habitats have been identified on the project site. Priority wetland habitat occurs south and east of the site (within approximately 500 feet) along May Creek and its tributaries. Priority fish species, including coho, fall Chinook, and sockeye salmon, as well as resident cutthroat trout and winter steelhead, are documented to occur in May Creek. These species, as well as Dolly Varden/bull trout, are also documented to occur within Lake Washington. May Creek comes within approximately 400 feet of the southeastern portion of the site when it passes under Lake Washington Boulevard. However, no runoff from the Quendall Terminals site drains to May Creek. Any protective buffers associated with May Creek do not extend onto the site. There are also wetlands located on the Seahawk's property to the north. Buffers associated with these wetlands do not extend onto the Quendall Terminals site. Post-Remediation Existing Conditions As discussed in Section 2.2, this EIS assumes that site remediation will include a cap and/or removal and backfill with clean soil resulting in a clean soil surface over the Main Property. Capping and/or soil removal and replacement could result in the filling of all of the existing wetlands and elimination of riparian habitat on this property. No filling of wetlands is assumed to occur on the Isolated Property. To mitigate for these cleanup-related impacts, additional wetlands and riparian habitat would be re-established and/or expanded. While specifications for shoreline mitigation and restoration will not be finalized until the ROD and/or a potential natural Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 3.2-2 Critical Areas resource damages settlement, this EIS assumes a post-remediation condition that would allow the greatest area for development (see Chapter 1, Section 1.1 and Chapter 2, Section 2.2 for further information regarding how EPA will finalize remediation requirements). The Shoreline Restoration Plan assumed in this EIS, based on the 1983 Renton Shoreline Management Plan requirements and Appendix E of the DEIS is depicted in Figures 2-6 and 2-11 for Alternatives 1 and 2, respectively. If the environment mitigation/restoration requirements (e.g., EPA takes the position it can impose greater mitigation ratios, buffers, setbacks) are more stringent at the time the ROD is developed, the wetland and shoreline restoration areas will probably be larger than depicted in Figures 2-6 and 2-11. Wetlands As mentioned above, it is assumed that all of the wetlands on the Main Property would be filled as a result of the capping and/or soil removal and replacement with clean fill that is expected to occur during site cleanup. EPA will not determine the final wetland impacts and mitigation requirements until it identifies the final cleanup plan for the site and issues its Record of Decision (ROD). As discussed in Section 2.2, the Applicant will be required to comply with any requirements imposed by EPA as a part of cleanup under the federal ROD, even if those requirements are not articulated in this EIS or City approvals. Previously, approved standards, focused on the protection of human health and the environment such as wetlands and necessary habitat, by the City as part of the EIS process could be changed pursuant to the ROD. In the event the final cleanup remedy selected by EPA will result in a post-remediation baseline that is significantly larger from the baseline conditions described in this DEIS and thus the redevelopment footprint is smaller, the City will determine whether such changes warrant submittal of a supplemental EIS or other documentation as appropriate. It is assumed that three of the wetlands along the shoreline (A, 0 and H) would be re- established, and two of these wetlands (A and D) would be expanded to mitigate for wetland fill on the remainder of the site. The assumed cleanup would not impact the two wetlands identified on the Isolated Property (I and J) and Wetland J would be expanded as part of the mitigation for wetland impacts associated with site remediation. This EIS assumes these post- remediation conditions because they would result in the greatest area for redevelopment based on the 1983 Renton Shoreline Management Plan and Appendix E of the DEIS. Similarly, it was assumed that impacts to ol1-site wetlands resulting from cleanup/remediation and/or any potential natural resource damages settlement would be mitigated at a 1.5: 1 ratio (which would allow the greatest area for redevelopment) based on the 1983 Renton Shoreline Management Plan and Appendix E of the DEIS except for those that are exempt from critical area regulation (e.g. Wetland G) which would be mitigated at a 1:1 ratio per City of Renton critical areas regulations (RMC 4-3-050.C(f), due to its small size and physical isolation. Based on the Shoreline Restoration Conceptual Designs for Alternatives 1 and 2, the overall compensatory wetland creation/expansion (at Wetlands A, 0 and J) would total approximately 31,800 square feet (see Figures 2-6 and 2-11). The wetlands that would be re-established or expanded along the Lake Washington shoreline with remediation are assumed to be classified as Category 2 wetlands per the City of Renton (2010) Municipal Code, which requires a 50-foot buffer for commercial uses. The expanded Wetland J in the Isolated Property would remain a Category 3 wetland, which requires a 25-foot buffer under the City of Renton (2010) Municipal Code. Wetland I would remain a Category 3 wetland, which requires a 25-foot buffer. None of the proposed wetland buffers would extend onto adjacent properties, due to buffer averaging. The reestablished/expanded wetlands along Lake Washington (A, 0 and H) are assumed in this EIS to include emergent, scrub-shrub and forested components to mitigate for the losses of Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 3.2-3 Critical Areas similar cover types along the shoreline. These cleanup/remediation and/or potential natural resource damage restoration actions are· assumed to include open water components and large woody debris to diversify habitat conditions along the shoreline. The assumed expansion of Wetland J would similarly include a mix of emergent, scrub-shrub, and forested habitats. This is intended to compensate for remediation impacts to on-site wetlands and/or potential natural resource damages not associated with Lake Washington (8, C, E and G) and is expected to diversify and improve wetland habitat on this part of the site over the current mix of invasive species, primarily Himalayan blackberry and reed canary grass. Wetland/riparian buffer areas are also assumed to be revegetated along the Lake Washington shoreline as a part of cleanup/remediation and/or any potential natural resource damages settlement. The baseline condition assumes re-vegetation of at least the minimum 50-foot wetland buffer areas, consistent with City of Renton regulations. The wetland/riparian buffers would likely consist of a variety of cover types, including shrub habitat of willows and other water-tolerant shrubs, as well as both deciduous and coniferous forest cover types. The newly planted wetland vegetation is expected to establish within the first growing season following cleanup/remediation and/or implementation of actions required in any potential natural resource damages settlement. Generally, after the first growing season, 80 to 90 percent of tree and shrub species plantings can be expected to survive, and emergent wetland plantings can be expected to provide 10 to 15 percent cover. As the tree and shrub species grow, they will continue to provide more cover and structural diversity in the restored/enhanced wetland and buffer areas. Functional habitat will be provided immediately following establishment of new plantings, but will continue to improve as the wetland matures. Fully functioning habitat is generally provided after three to five growing seasons, when total cover of tree and shrub plantings is on the order of 30 to 40 percent, and cover of emergent wetland plantings is on the order of 50 to 75 percent (Anchor QEA, 2010). A 25-foot buffer, at a minimum, will remain on the expanded Wetland J and retained Wetland I within the Isolated Property. Thus, the baseline condition for this part the site is assumed to consist of Wetland I and its buffer and an expanded and diversified Wetland J and its buffer. The Washington State Department of Transportation may use the Isolated Property for the future 1-405 widening and NE 44th Street interchange improvement project (see Section 3.9, Transportation, for additional information). However, a final design is not complete for this project, and WSDOT would be responsible for providing compensation if the wetlands or wetland buffers on this area of the site are impacted. The Shoreline Restoration Conceptual Design assumed to be implemented as part of cleanup/remediation and/or any potential natural resource damages settlement and retained under Alternatives 1 and 2 includes construction of a small, continuous wave-attenuation berm composed of permeable material, such as sand and gravel, between Wetland D and the lake to protect the wetland from wave energy and to minimize erosion and associated habitat disturbance. A similar, but discontinuous berm would be constructed along the lake along portions of Wetland A. The water level and hydrology of the re-established/expanded Wetlands A and D would be controlled by the water surface elevation of Lake Washington, but surface water connection would only be present between the lake and portions of Wetland A. The continuous wave attenuation berm separating all of Wetland D from the lake would be controlled by Lake Washington elevations via a groundwater connection. As a result, while both Wetlands A and D would be "associated" with the shoreline, Wetland D would not be contiguous with the lake, and the ordinary high water mark (OHWM) in this area would follow the wetland boundary for wetlands contiguous with Lake Washington (west of Wetland D in this case). With the Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 3.2-4 Critical Areas discontinuous wave attenuation berm constructed along the lake along portions of Wetland A, the OHWM in the Wetland A area would follow the re-established/expanded wetland boundary (the eastern wetland boundary in this case; see Figures 2-10 and 2-11). 3.2.2 Impacts This section evaluates potential impacts to wetland and riparian habitats reestablished and/or expanded as part of the cleanup/remediation of and/or any potential natural resource damages settlement for the Quendall Terminals site as a result of subsequent construction and operation of the proposed redevelopment. As discussed in Section 2.2, the Applicant will be required to comply with any requirements imposed by EPA as a part of cleanup under the federal ROD, even if those requirements are more stringent or not articulated in this EIS or City approvals. Alternative 1 Under Alternative 1, mixed-use development is proposed on the upland portion of the Main Property, in an area that is assumed to be covered with clean soil (as a result of capping and/or removal of contamination and replacement with clean fill as part of the site cleanup/remediation). The shoreline restoration area along Lake Washington, assumed to total approximately 3.2 acres, would largely remain in the post-remediation condition. It is assumed this area would consist of a revegetated riparian zone that includes reestablished/expanded wetland areas, wetland buffers, and restored/enhanced riparian habitat. If approved by EPA, a trail that would be accessible to the public would be provided along the shoreline, and would include interpretive wetland viewpoints (see Figure 2-6, Shoreline Restoration Plan Conceptual Design -Alternative 1). No development would occur on the Isolated Property. This property would remain in its post-remediation condition, which is assumed to include retained/expanded wetlands and their buffers. Direct Impacts Under Alternative 1, no direct impacts would occur to the assumed retained/expanded wetlands (Wetlands I and J) on the Isolated Property, or the assumed re-established/expanded wetlands (Wetlands A, D and H) on the Main Property. The wetlands along the Lake Washington shoreline (Wetlands A, D and H) would be retained within a re-vegetated riparian zone. Similarly, Wetlands I and J on the Isolated Property would be retained within natural open space. A portion of the buffer on Wetland D is proposed by the applicant to be reduced to 25 feet; other portions of the buffer would be expanded to provide compensatory area, as allowed by the buffer averaging provisions in the City of Renton Municipal Code (see Figure 2-7 for a depiction of the Wetland D buffer averaging). The area of buffer expansion (nearly 6,000 square feet) would exceed the area of buffer reduction (approximately 5,400 square feet) so that more total buffer area would be provided with the proposed buffer averaging, consistent with buffer averaging provisions in the Code. Wetland A would be provided with a minimum 50-foot buffer, plus additional upland riparian habitat within the re-vegetated riparian zone. Thus, the buffer width along Wetland A would range from 50 feet to well over 100 feet. Wetland H would be protected with a 50-foot buffer, which exceeds the required 25-foot minimum buffer based on its classification. A publically accessible, unpaved pedestrian trail is also proposed within the riparian habitat and would cross the wetland buffer areas. EPA takes the position that it may impose additional conditions that affect the wetland buffers. Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 3.2-5 Critical Areas Proposed buildings would be setback a minimum of 50 feet from the shoreline under Alternative 1, as required by the City of Renton 1983 Shoreline Master Program, as amended (Renton Municipal Code Section 4-3-090). This setback would be measured from the eastern edge of Wetland A and from the OHWM, including along the continuous shoreline attenuation berm near Wetland D. The re-vegetated riparian area extends well beyond the required 50-foot shoreline setback in several locations (see Figure 2-7). It is EPA's position that it can impose additional setback requirements. Subject to EPA's approval, three stormwater outfalls would be constructed within the shoreline area to convey treated stormwater from the developed areas of the site to Lake Washington. Construction of these outfalls would be in accordance with the 2009 KCSWDM to prevent erosion and sedimentation of the lake. These outfalls would be located to avoid direct impacts to the reestablished/expanded wetland areas and designed with energy dissipation to prevent erosion during operation. Together with the proposed trail, these are relatively minor encroachments that are not expected to adversely affect the integrity of the Lake Washington shoreline. These outfalls, which may either discharge into nearshore wetlands or directly into Lake Washington, could be constructed during site cleanup/remediation to reduce potential impacts to the shoreline area. Indirect Impacts Proposed redevelopment under Alternative 1 has the potential to cause indirect impacts to the reestablished/expanded wetlands relating to hydrologic conditions and potential for erosion and sediment deposition. Grading and construction of impervious surfaces and operation of the permanent stomrwater collection and treatment facilities would modify the surface hydrologic conditions of the site, and thus potentially could affect hydrologic conditions of the wetlands. During Construction Clearing and grading activities associated with the proposed redevelopment would expose erodible soils on the site. The potential for erosion and delivery of sediments to the wetlands along the shoreline and to Lake Washington would be greatest during the construction period and would depend on the construction season, soil types, the amount of exposed soils, slopes, surface drainage patterns and mitigation measures employed. Sediment transport and deposition, particularly during construction, can adversely impact plant and animal communities of the wetlands and the lake by affecting water quality (increased turbidity, suspended and settleable solids, temperature, pollutants), which could adversely affect the suitability of aquatic habitats for various forms of vertebrate and invertebrate wildlife. Installation of certain utilities (i.e., the conveyance pipes to the stormwater outfalls) could disturb vegetation that has been established in the Shoreline Restoration area with site remediation. Trenching for utilities and stormwater outfalls could be incorporated into site grading associated with remediation efforts to limit or prevent later disturbance of re-vegetated areas. The project would include implementation of a TESCP during construction, per the 2009 KCSWDM adopted by the City of Renton, including BMPs for erosion and sedimentation control, which would limit or prevent erosion or sediment deposition into the shoreline wetlands and the lake. Some sediment deposition could occur within the wetland buffers, and potentially the wetlands, especially during construction; however, the impacts to the wetlands are not expected Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 3.2-6 Critical Areas to be significant. In addition to any requirements imposed by EPA, proposed buffers would range from 50 to well over 100 feet on Wetland A and from 25 feet to over 100 feet on Wetland D. With appropriate erosion control measures (e.g., silt fences), and to the extent that vegetation is established within the buffers as a part of site remediation, and on-site slopes are assumed to be relatively gentle, the potential for sediment deposition into the wetlands would be very limited. Therefore, no significant impacts to the shoreline wetlands, riparian habitat and the lake would be anticipated during construction. Following Construction Following construction, the exposed upland portions of the Main Property would be covered in buildings, paved areas and landscaping. A preliminary landscape plan has been prepared for this portion of the site. According to this plan, ornamental plants and, as possible, native plants that are suited for this climate zone would be installed as landscaping throughout the property. Landscaping would include new trees, shrubs and groundcovers of various sizes and species (see Figure 2-8, Alternative 1 -Preliminary Landscape Plan). There would be much less potential for erosion and sedimentation with the proposed redevelopment. Introduction of noxious weeds or invasive species would be avoided to the extent practicable in areas that would be re-vegetated as part of the proposed redevelopment. Together with the native species planted, this would help limit the unnecessary spread of invasive species that could adversely affect the suitability of open space habitats onsite and in the vicinity for wildlife. A permanent stormwater control system would be installed in accordance with the 2009 KCSWDM adopted by the City of Renton and also in accordance with EPA remediation requirements. Stormwater runoff would be collected from impervious surfaces; conveyed to Lake Washington through a piped stormwater drainage system; and, discharged to the lake via three new outfalls. Stormwater runoff from pollution-generating surfaces (i.e. roadways and surface parking lots) would be treated prior to discharge to the lake. Roof runoff (considered to be non-pollution generating) would be collected and discharged directly to the lake separately. No stormwater detention would be required, per City regulations. The system would be designed to contain and convey the 25-year peak flows from developed conditions for on-site tributary areas. No upstream tributary areas would drain to the project site or the proposed stormwater control system. Thus, no severe flooding or erosion problem would be expected from potential overflow from a 100-year storm event. In addition, the outfalls to the lake from the stormwater control system would be designed to prevent erosion at their outlets. Based on these factors, together with the lack of direct stormwater discharge to the reestablished/expanded wetlands in the shoreline area, no significant impacts to the on-site wetlands from erosion or sediment deposition would be expected during operation of the project. Water quality impacts to the wetlands and lake also would not be expected. The reestablished/expanded wetlands along the lake shore (Wetlands A, 0 and H) would derive their hydrology from the lake (as under existing conditions), rather than surface water runoff. The hydrology of the wetlands on the Isolated Property (Wetlands I and J) would not be affected, as no development is proposed in that area. Wildlife Habitat Impacts With respect to wildlife habitat, after completion of the remediation measures and/or measures required as part of the potential natural resources settlement, most of the site may be left as bare soil, except the re-vegetated shoreline habitat, including the reestablished/ expanded wetland areas. Consequently, redevelopment of the upland areas would not be expected to Quendal/ Terminals Draft E/S December 2010 3.2-7 Critical Areas' remove significant habitat features or to displace wildlife from these upland areas. Some disturbance of the re-vegetated shoreline habitat from human and construction activity may occur during construction. However, this vegetation would likely be relatively recently established and would initially provide limited habitat during this period. After redevelopment, some wildlife species adapted to urban environments (e.g., starlings, house sparrows, American robins, various swallows, American crows, raccoons) would likely come to use the site over time and utilize the developing vegetation in the upland portion of the site, as well as the native vegetation within the riparian zone. Given the urban context of the site and vicinity, some of these urban-adapted species (e.g. starlings, crows) may limit use of the re-vegetated shoreline habitats by other native species, such as cavity-nesting birds and songbirds. Public use of the proposed shoreline trail within the re-vegetated riparian zone would likely cause some noise and disturbance to wildlife in the vicinity of the trail. The trail itself would also form a break in native vegetation within the area and maintain some fragmentation of the developing habitat over time. However, the trail would also limit pedestrian access to the riparian area, and would prevent human use and degradation of the re-vegetated shoreline area. Overall, Alternative 1 is not expected to adversely impact terrestrial priority species, as none are known to occur onsite. A variety of fish species, including salmonid fish, several of which are federal or state-listed species, are known to use nearshore habitats within Lake Washington. Following remediation, nearshore habitat conditions are expecled to recover and improve over pre-remediation conditions. The only development proposed in this area would be the stormwater outfalls, which would be installed in accordance with the 2009 KCSWDM and EPA remediation requirements. As mentioned above, water quality treatment would be provided for stormwater runoff from pollution-generating surfaces. Therefore, no significant impacts to the priority fish species in the lake would be anticipated. Alternative 2 Similar to Alternative 1, under Alternative 2 mixed-use development is proposed on the upland portion of the Main Property, in an area that is assumed to be covered with clean surface soil (as a result of capping and/or removal of contamination and replacement with clean fill as part of cleanup/remediation). The shoreline restoration area along the Lake Washington, assumed to total approximately 3.2 acres, would largely remain in the post-remediation condition. It is assumed this area would consist of a re-vegetated riparian zone that includes re- established/expanded wetland areas, wetland buffers, and restored/enhanced riparian habitat. If approved by EPA, a trail that would be accessible to the public would be provided along the shoreline, and would include interpretive wetland viewpoints (see Figure 2-11, Shoreline Restoration Plan Conceptual Design -Alternative 2). No development would occur on the Isolated Property. This property would remain in its post-remediation condition, which is assumed to include retained/expanded wetlands and their buffers. Under Alternative 2, mixed-use development would include fewer residential units, essentially the same area for commercial/retail uses and no office space. The shoreline restoration area, encompassing the re-established/expanded wetlands and their buffers and restored/enhanced shoreline habitat along the shoreline would be provided, encompassing slightly more area than Alternative 1 (approximately 1,400 square feet more). Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 3.2-8 Critical Areas As under Alternative 1, no direct wetland impacts would occur under Alternative 2. No development would occur within the Isolated Property, thus no direct impacts would occur to Wetlands I and J, as under Alternative 1. The same buffer averaging proposed by the applicant for Wetland D is also proposed by the applicant to be applied under Alternative 2, such that the minimum buffer would be 25 feet and additional compensatory buffer area would be provided (see Figure 2-7). Wetland A would be provided with essentially the same buffer as under Alternative 1, ranging from a minimum of 50 feet wide to well over 100 feet wide. Alternative 2 is assumed to include implementation of a similar TESCP plan during construction and a similar permanent stormwater control plan as Alternative 1. Thus, significant indirect impacts to on-site wetlands and the lake would not be expected from stormwater runoff during construction and operation of the project. With a similar footprint and site features, such as the publicly accessible trail, the redevelopment under Alternative 2 would be expected to result in essentially the same impacts to wildlife habitat as under Alternative 1. With fewer residential units and no office development, human activity and noise levels would be slightly less than under Alternative 1. Given the urban context of the area, however, impacts from disturbance and noise would likely be similar to under Alternative 1. No Action Alternative Under the No Aclion Alternative, no redevelopment would occur on the Quendall Terminals site at this time. The site would remain in a post-remediation condition, with clean surface soil present over the entire Main Property and re-established and expanded wetlands along the shoreline. The restored/enhanced and re-vegetated areas along the lake are assumed to include fully-re-vegetated 50-foot buffers of Wetlands A and D, as part of the remediation. No additional riparian habitat restoration area is assumed to be established that would connect Wetlands A and D. No buffer averaging would be necessary on Wetland D. No publically accessible trail with interpretive wetland viewpoints would be provided in the shoreline restoration area. It is anticipated that the upland portions of the site would be seeded with some kind of cover crop to provide temporary re-vegetation until development occurs at some time in the future. Under the No Action Alternative, no direct or indirect impacts would occur to the wetlands along the Lake Washington shoreline on the Main Property or on the Isolated Property. Less area along the shoreline would be re-vegetated to establish riparian habitat than under Alternatives 1 and 2. However, it is assumed that vegetation would gradually become established over time along the shoreline between the re-established wetlands and their buffers. The process of natural succession would occur under the No Action Alternative, as long as the site is not redeveloped. Vegetation in the restored/enhanced areas would grow and develop over time. Given enough time and lack of a major disturbance (such as fire), the seeded upland areas would gradually re-vegetate as well, as has occurred after cessation of activities on the site previously. This vegetation would likely consist of a combination of native (e.g. red alder, black cottonwood, willow) and exotic invasive species (e.g. Himalayan blackberry, Japanese knotweed) adapted to disturbed areas. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 3.2-9 Critical Areas No impacts to wildlife, including priority fish species in the lake, would be anticipated under this alternative. 3.2.3 Mitigation Measures Required/Proposed Mitigation Measures During Construction • A temporary erosion and sedimentation control plan (TESCP), including . Best Management Practices (BMPs) for erosion and sedimentation control, would be implemented during construction, per the 2009 King County Surface Water Design Manual (KCSWDM) adopted by the City of Renton (see Section 3.1, Earth, and Appendix D for details). Implementation of this plan would prevent or limit impacts to the lake and shoreline wetlands from erosion and sedimentation. Following Construction • Proposed redevelopment would avoid direct impacts to the retained/re- established/expanded wetlands onsite. • Re-established/expanded wetlands would be retained in an open space tract that includes required buffers and a riparian habitat enhancement area. • In addition to any requirements imposed by EPA. wetland buffer areas would meet or exceed the minimum City-required buffers for Wetlands A, D and H (the Wetland D buffer would meet the City's requirement through buffer averaging). Wetland I and J would also be provided with buffers that meet or exceed applicable City requirements. • In addition to any requirements imposed by EPA, proposed buildings would be setback a minimum of 50 feet from the OHWM in compliance with the City of Renton's 1983 Shoreline Master Program, which requires a minimum setback of 50 feet for commercial uses and 25 feet for residential uses for Category 2 wetlands (see Section 3 for additional details). • A permanent stormwater control system would be installed consistent with the requirements of the 2009 KCSWDM adopted by the City of Renton and consistent with EPA remediation requirements. The system would collect and convey stormwater runoff to Lake Washington via a tight-lined system. Water quality treatment would be provided for runoff from pollution-generating surfaces to prevent water quality impacts to the lake and shoreline wetlands. • Native plant species would be included within landscaping of the redeveloped upland area on the Main Property to the extent feasible, and could provide some limited habitat benefits to native wildlife species. • Introduction of noxious weeds or invasive species would be avoided to the extent practicable in areas re-vegetated as part of the proposed redevelopment. Together with Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 3.2-10 Critical Areas the native species planted, this would help limit the unnecessary spread of invasive species that could adversely affect the suitability of open space habitats on site and in the vicinity for wildlife. • If approved by EPA, a publicly accessible, unpaved trail would be provided through the shoreline area that would include interpretive wetland viewpoints. Other Possible Mitigation Measures • Trenching for utilities and stormwater outfalls could be incorporated into site grading associated with remediation efforts to limit or prevent later disturbance of re-vegetated areas. • Upland areas on the Main Property could be temporarily re-vegetated following site remediation, depending on the timing of redevelopment. 3.2.4 Significant Unavoidable Adverse Impacts No significant unavoidable adverse impacts to critical areas would be anticipated. Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 3.2-11 Critical Areas· 3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH This section of the DEIS describes the existing environmental health-related conditions on the Quendall Terminals site and provides a summary of the site remediation and deanup process. Potential environmental health-related impacts associated with redevelopment under the EIS alternatives and mitigation measures to address potential impacts are identified. This section is based on the Hazardous Substances section of the Technical Report: Geology; Groundwater, and Soils (November 2010) prepared by Associated Earth Sciences, Inc. (see Appendix D to this DEIS). 3.3.1 Affected Environment Site History In 1916, early homesteaders sold the Quendall Terminals Main Property to Peter Reilly, who began the operation of Republic Creosoting in 1917. The property was used for creosote manufacturing for more than 50 years, until 1969. Operations on the property primarily included the distillation of coal and oil-gas tar residues (coal tar) that were obtained from local coal gasification plants. Tar feedstock was typically transported to the facility onsite from Lake Union and unloaded from tankers or barges at a t-dock that extended out into Lake Washington or at a shorter, near-shore pier. The feed stock was unloaded into two two-million gallon, above-ground storage tanks. Above-ground pipes transferred the feedstock from the tanks to the manufacturing facilities. Once distilled, several fractions were stored in tanks (light distillates and creosote) or below-grade pitch bays (heavy distillates) prior to being transported offsite for various uses. Light distillates were used for chemical manufacturing feedstock, middle distillates (creosote) were used for wood preservation and heavy (bottom) distillates (pitch) were used for applications such as roofing tar. At the peak of its productivity, the Republic Creosoting facility produced approximately 500,000 gallons of tar per month. Wastes produced by the manufacturing processes were disposed of onsite; solid wastes were placed near the shoreline and liquid wastes were discharged to two sumps. In addition to site-produced wastes, foundry slag from PAC CAR was reportedly used as fill at the site. In 1971, Quendall Terminals purchased the site and leased the above-ground tanks that remained from the creosote facility for the storage of waste oil, diesel, and lard. From 1975 until 2009. Quendall Terminals used the Main Property for log storage and sorting. The Quendall Terminals Isolated Property is §eRerally "acaRI aRd is comprised of existing trees and vegetation associated with two wetlands. There have been no historic industrial uses on the Isolated Property site and no associated site contamination or hazardous substance issues. Both the Quendall Terminals Main Property and Isolated Property are currently vacant and essentially unused. Site Remediation and Cleanup Process As stated above, from about 1916 to 2008, various industrial activities, including creosote manufacturing, petroleum product storage, and log sorting/storage, have occurred on the Quendall Terminals Main Property, and have resulted in the release of various contaminants to the soil and groundwater at the property. From the 1980s through 2005, the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) provided oversight for the remediation/cleanup of the site under Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 !)'N:r.1841.8522v+JQ03~695:000004 3.3-1 Environmental Health the Model Toxics Control Act (MTCA). Under Ecology's guidance, a Remedial Investigation report was completed in 1997 and a draft Risk Assessment/Feasibility Study was completed in 2004. In 2005, Ecology requested that the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) assume responsibility for directing and overseeing the remediation of the Quendall Terminals Main Property and the property was subsequently added to EPA's Superfund National Priorities List (NPL) in 2006. In September 2006, the property owners (Altino Properties and J.H. Baxter and Company) entered into an Administrative Order on Consent (AOC) with EPA that required them to complete a remedial investigation (RI) and feasibility study (FS). The RI/FS is intended to comprehensively evaluate environmental conditions at the site and review various remediation options from which EPA will chose a preferred cleanup remedy; a final cleanup remedy will be selected following a public comment period. Remediation activities will be conducted as part of a separate action and are not a part of the AOC requirements or the environmental review for the proposed Quendall Terminals redevelopment. Currenlly, IheThe property owners have sOA'l13leles a DraA RI Ihal is unser review By EPAand EPA are currently completing a draft RI and risk assessment report, and are in the process of preparing a Qfafldraft FS report. It is anticipated that the sraA RifFS will Be sOA'l13leles By A13Fil :m.14.Proposed Plan proposing a cleanup approach will be provided for public review and comment in spring 2013. A summary of the Graftpreliminarv draft RI and Graftan outline of the FS arep~ss is provided below. The site will undergo cleanup/remediation under its status as a superfund site by EPA, pursuant to the final cleanup plans defined by EPA. Following public comment EPA is expected to select the final site remedy in lale 2Q11.1b.aL"ijJLJ:l'!,}1!:L~.ffi~DJed, in the Record of Decision in fall 2014. Preliminary Draft Remedial Investigation (RI) Results The Graftd.rnft RI report for the Quendall Terminals Main Property insluseswill include a summary of the history of the property and past industrial activities; a summary of past site characterization data; identification of data gaps; identification of contaminants of interest; and, documentation of the extent of contamination in all the media (soil, groundwater and sediment). The Graft RJpreliminarv drafLBL[~PQI1-<!YJ!.ilable at the time this DEIS was prepared identifies hazardous chemicals associated with past site use that could potentially pose a risk to human health and the environment. Chemicals of potential concern are listed in Table 2 of Appendix D and include arsenic, benzene and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), among others. Extent of Contamination Most of the contamination that is present on the Quendall Terminals Main Property is isolated and contained within the property. Contamination on the Main Property consists of chemicals of potential concern that are adhered to soil particles, dissolved into water or concentrated as dense, non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) in the subsurface. The DNAPL represents actual liquid product that has leaked into the ground. Since DNAPL has a higher density than water, it will tend to sink below the water table to accumulate in the higher permeability portions of the subsurface soils (see Figure 11 in Appendix D for the approximate locations of DNAPL in the subsurface of the site). Large areas of soil contamination are located on the east side of the Main Property, near the former manufacturing facility and railroad auxiliary track, and at the east end of the former T -dock pier. Along the southern and eastern boundaries of the property, fill soils range from about 1 to 2 Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 l.lWIJiil,8~.n.Y+fQQ~?q9ScQ.QOoQ4 3.3-2 Environmental Health feet thick, while in other areas the fill is more than 10 feet thick (see Figures 12 and 13 in Appendix D for the approximate extent of soil contamination). Groundwater contamination in the Shallow Aquifer beneath the site underlies a majority of the Quendall Terminals Main Property. Contamination in the Deep Aquifer mostly occurs under the western portion of the Main Property, generally centered along the shoreline of Lake Washington (see Figures 14 and 15 in Appendix D for the approximate extent of groundwater contamination). Sediment contamination is generally centered around the former T -dock pier and-"'&St east of the Quendall Terminals Main Property boundary (see Figures 16 and 17 in Appendix D for the approximate extent of contamination in the sediments underlying Lake Washington). Gfaft-Feasibility Study (FS) Process The purpose of the Draft FS is to evaluate appropriate remedial alternatives and select a preferred remediation alternative for the Quendall Terminals site. Various remedial alternatives have been evaluated as part of the Draft FS prasess and it is antisipated that EPA will selest a remedial alternative that sansists af the fallawing elements (the remedial astians assumed in this DEIS):Focused FS conducted under Ecology's o.ver~i!L1:!L and these evaluations will be updated and modified as appropriate to address EPA's requirements for a cleaIlYR,,!jlthe Quendall site. J;;J;',8Ureferred.. remediation alternative will consist of actions such thatjhJL,QQst-cieanup cond.itions at Quendall will bedlJ9te"Qtive of human health and the environment in addition to satisfying all pertinent health and environm.J)ntaLre.gJJLations. The preferred remediation alternative will be documented in the Quendall Record of Decision (ROO) foJl,oWiI}Q a public comment period. Development of Quendall Pre-ROD DEIS Baseline This DEIS assumes an existing/baseline condition subsequ!:mUQ cleanup (that is the condition of the....s.i1e....after cleanup has been aCcomplished\. The baseline condition..fur. 1till; DE IS was ~~Io-R~d.,.~9m1~s;twmg.J.l.Q1en1ia1 cleanup actions any necessarY wetland mitigation as_-"illl.d§;l,9,J9 compensate for environmental impacts relillltin9JL2IDJbgs.e...cleanup actions (based on the 1983 Renton Shoreline Management Plan and Appendix E of.1.he DEI§L and shoreline restoration asso.cia.te.d . ..wittuIflY potential settlement to address alleged natural resource dalJ:1!l9~. Ttl,t;! cleanup for Quendall will not be deismmo.ed until the ROD is issued and accordingly, the speCifications for wetland mitigation Cannot b~ fina!iZ~_J.!.ntiL1he ROD haS been approved ~jfying the requirements for cleanup. Also for Quendall, potential settlement oL!jny_.alJ~ed natural res()u(J:;§_(tcll)J~S. would probably occur after the ROD has been issued. • Plasement af a twa faat thisk sand Gap aver the upland parlian af the Main Preperly. Even though EPA has not selected the final remedy, the Agency was consulted in developing this ll,g§..ElcUn.e,J;QHdi1jOQ.wblctl will be used solely for evaluation of potential impacts associated with redevelopment, In the event the final cleauupJemedy selected by EPA in the ROD is significantly different from the assumptions described in this EIS. the City will determine._ .... beiber.mJ..cb change§._W!lfJ!l11b§JJ.Q.mjJ1a1....Qf. a supplemental EIS or other documentation, Moreover, the Applicant will be required to comply with an~_~,C)Jirel1Jents that may be imposed by EPA as a part gtctea.nup. even if those requirements are not articulated in this EIS, Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DW! 18~.I.~.i.92v+2 003269i,Q00004 3.3-3 Environmental Health • Placement of a two to three foot thick layered cap consisting of organoclay, sand, gravels and topsoil over most of the sediments within the shoreline area adjacent to and lakeside of the former Quendall Pond (approximately ;300 linear feet of shoreline), The foliowir;J,gJeImldiationand restora1iorL(lJ~m~[lj§J2nDJbJ) baseline condition for purposes of this DEIS: • Excavation of shoreline soil to accommodate the placement of the shoreline cap.~ surface soil will be present when the remedy is complete. Areas of the site that require remelijation wil.1 blLremeli.iated. Potential remedial actions include but are not limited to soil removal and replacement with clean fill and cappilJlh~QYo(l!9~J!L~~sulting remediation will be protective of human health and the environment in addition to satisfying all pertinent health and environmental regulations. • f=illing of certain existingExisting on-site wetlands. Implementation of will be filled and a Shoreline Restoration Plan will be implemented, including re-establishing and expanding certain wetlands, and recreating/enhancing riparian habitat, • Possible localized soil removal in the former railroad loading area and in planned utility corridors onsite. • Possible installation of a permeable shoreline groundwater treatment wall adjacent to the lake, spanning the entire shoreline area. for mitigation and/or as part of a potential natural resource damages settlement as described in more detail in Section 3 .. ~."~~hll~Ltb~ specific shoreline plan will not be finalized until the ROD and/or a potential natu)"lll r~J.!!'Qe~mag~ettlement, this EIS assumes a post-remediation condition that would allow the greatest area for redeveJ2pmenLba..s.edon,19§3 Henton Shoreline Management Plan and Appendix E of the DEIS. As part of the remedy, EPA m.a¥.,regJJiutgQ9,Ui2mM mitigation that will reduce the site area available for redevelopment and if this results in bJ!.§.elille.¥QQ<lllL9D.§J!ignifica[lJi)( diff.eUillUb..an those assumed in this EIS the City will determine whether the difference would warrant submittal of a supplerne.!J~.t::lS...Qr~g~.d documentation as appropriate. • Implementation of institutional controls to prevent--tRe alteration of the cap withoutany of the caps or other components of the EPA remedy and wetland and habitat restoration during redevelopment without prior EPA approval, and to prevent the use of on-site groundwater for any purpose. For example in areas that are capped institutional controls may prevent digging without prior EPA apprQ.val. • Implementation of an Operations, Maintenance, and Monitoring Plan (OMMP) that would present a process for obtaining EPA approval if future excavations, utility installations or other site disturbances are necessaryproposed after implementation of the final remedial action. Quendal/ Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWT1.8118592v+2 003269;,0000Q4 3.3-4 Environmental Health Impacts Redevelopment under Alternatives 1 and 2 would include mixed-use development with a variety of densities and building heights; however, construction activities under Alternatives 1 and 2 are anticipated to be similar and would require a similar amount of grading and cut/fill as part of redevelopment. Therefore, it is anticipated that potential environmental health-related impacts associated with redevelopment would be similar under Alternatives 1 and 2. Alternatives 1 and 2 Prior to redevelopment under Alternatives 1 and 2, the Quendall Terminals Main Property will undergo cleanup and remediation under the oversight of the EPA, as described in the previous section. The asslJFAesR[Lrm!JY elements of this cleanup/remediation a~surllimjn lhiu~are listed above. It is assumed that the effiifesurface ~ Main Property will be cappes with reFAesiationcovered with clean soil or other capping material, which will liFAit the potential fGfprevent exposure to contaminated soils and groundwater that pose a risk to humans and the environment during and following construction. As necessary, a perFAeasle shoreline !jrolJns' .... ater treatFAent 'Nall cOlJls also se installes to provent the FAi!jration of contaFAinants in !jrolJns·Nater to Lake Washin!jton. Redevelopment of the site is being coordinated with the cleanup/remediation process and would be conducted consistent with the requirements in the final cleanup remedy selected and overseen by EPA. and with any associated institutional controls. The majority of the upland portion of the Main Property, outside of the shoreline setback area. would be developed with new buildings and paved areas under Alternatives 1 and 2. Due to the soft and loose nature of the existing subsurface soils, construction of these features could result in settlement of the site as a result of the potential loads imposed by foundations. utilities and traffic (see Section 3.1, Earth, and Appendix 0 for details). It is assumed that Alternatives 1 and 2 would not include any below-grade excavations for parking or basements if SQme corllimlinalion ~i[LRlaJ;;J:l; however, it is likely that the construction of new buildings onsite would require deep foundation supports (such as piles) due to the nature of existing soils on the site. The construction of deep foundations for each building could generate contaminated soil or groundwater to which workers would be exposed. As necessary, personal protection equipment for workers would be used and special handling and disposal measures followed during construction activities to prevent contact with hazardous materials and substances. and no significant impacts would be anticipated. Personal protection measures and special training could also be provided for City of Renton staff that provides inspection during construction and maintenance following construction in areas of the site that could generate contaminated soils or groundwater. Alternatively, buried utilities and public roads serving the site could be placed in clean fill material. The clean fill material should be of sufficient width and depth (3 to 4 feet below the invert of the utility) to allow for maintenance of utilities without human exposure to contaminated soils. In order to prevent future contamination of clean fill material a barrier to prevent recontamination of the fill material could be provided. Under Alternatives 1 and 2. the main utility corridors for the proposed development could be installed during the proposed remedial action onsite. Additional utility excavations could also be required to connect specific buildings to the main utility corridor with redevelopment. Additional excavations during redevelopment could generate contaminated soil or groundwater that would require additional personal protection measures for workers and special handling and disposal measures. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 ,n'iT lS4.I.SS.92v. \29032695,Q09004 3.3-5 Environmental Health In addition to potential impacts from utility and deep foundation excavations, there is also the potential for volatile contaminants in the subsurface to generate vapors that could intrude into utility trenches and above-grade structures dlole to the fuel that the planned remedial action wOlolld leave contaminated soil, grololndwater, sediments and D~JAPLif some contamination is left in place beneath the site. If oono! addressed by the development design, these vapors could pose a potential risk to human health. Separation of living/working areas from the contaminants by \he SGilsome type of cap and under-building garage, as well as implementation of potential institutional control measures would ensure that future building inhabitants would not be exposed to unacceptable vapors accumulating within buildings or utility corridors from contaminated soils and groundwater, and no significant impacts would be anticipated. No Action Alternative Under the No Action Alternative, no redevelopment and its potential environmental health-related impacts would occur on the Quendall Terminals site at this time. The site would remain in a j36Sl-Howeyer. a Shoreline Restoration Plan will be irnplernenle~.in~um;tion wilh sile cleanup/remediation condition, which wOlolld incllolde placement of soil caps over the entire Main Property and possitJle installation of a permeatJle shoreline groundwater treatment wall adjacent to the lakeandlor 10 resolve potential natural resource darna.g.!l.~(:J~Lrn~. These remediation features would prevent direct contact with contaminants at the ground surface, and address the potential for contaminants to enter Lake Washington via groundwater. 3.3.2 Mitigation Measures Required/Proposed Mitigation Measures • Redevelopment of the site is being coordinated with the cleanup/remediation process, and would be conducted consistent with the requirements in the final cleanup remedy selected and overseen by EPA, and with any associated institutional controls. • The appropriate management of contaminated soils that could be disturbed and groundwater that could be encountered during redevelopment of the site would be addressed through the cleanup/remediation process and by institutional control requirements overseen by EPA. As necessary, lightweight fill materials, special capping requirements, vapor barriers and other measures would be implemented to ensure that unacceptable exposures to contaminated soils, groundwater or vapors would not occur. • Institutional controls would be followed to prevent theand would likely include prohibitions on any alteration of the soil caprelllil.dial elemenls without EPA approval, and to preventQn the use of on-site groundwater for any purpose. • An Operations, Maintenance and Monitoring Plan would be implemented to prevent the excavation of soils, installation of utilities or other site disturbances without prior EPA approval. • As necessary, personal protection equipment for workers would be used and special handling and disposal measures followed during construction activities to prevent contact with hazardous materials and substances. Quendall Terminals Draft EIS December 2010 DWTI841.859"y-!.003269'·OQooo4 3.3-6 Environmental Health • Living/working areas on the Main Property would be separated from soil/groundwater contaminants by under-building 9,P9,\(,~,g[9oy,!bd"garages; institutional controls would also be implemented to prevent exposure of residents/employees to unacceptable vapors and/or other contarnilli!ted materials, Other Possible Mitigation Measures • Planned utilities (including the main utility corridors) could be installed as part of the planned remedial action so that disturbance of the sail sap remedial elements le~",¥9J1~J and underlying contaminated soils/groundwater would not be necessary subsequent to sappiR§ af the MaiR Prapertyremedial acUQD, • Personal protection measures and special training should be provided for City of Renton staff that provides inspection during construction and maintenance following construction in areas of the site that could generate contaminated soils or groundwater, • Buried utilities and public roads serving the site development should be placed in clean fill material (with the utilities in a trench with sufficient width and depth of 3 to 4 feet below the invert of the utility), along with an acceptable barrier to prevent recontamination of the clean fill material, in order to protect the utility from contamination and to allow future maintenance of the road or utility lines, 3.3.3 Significant Unavoidable Adverse Impacts No significant unavoidable adverse environmental health-related impacts would be anticipated. Quendal/ Terminals Draft E/S December 2010 DWT.J84185.9~vH 003.69:;:000024 3.3-7 Environmental Health Document comparison by Workshare Compare on Monday, October 24, 2011 11'50'26 AM Iinout: Inn,,"mF>nillQ interwovenSite:lldwtdocS/Uvv 1/18411l$2L1 Descriotion m4-lll;:;9~V1<[)vvI:>-S~~iQn3,3 Env Health [!;Iean] DocumenL2J[) Ilo1erwQvenSite;lIdwtdQcslDWT/l1H18592L2 DesJ;[lptloo W18418592v2<DWI> -SectiQn 3,3 Env Healtb [clean] I set Istandard lK. ,~ ~- M, ,i t" IStyle Irorm~t'~ ""-,." cell ~L ~ cell ~ I cell ~, I cell Document comparison by Workshare Compare on Monday, October 24, 2011 11'51'34 AM Input: Document 1 ID file:/lC:\Users\paks\Desktop\DEIS\1 0-13-11 \Section 3 3 - Environmental Health [Original],doc Description Section 3 3 -Environmental Health [Original] Document 2 ID interwovenSite:lldwtdocs/DWT/18419703/1 Description #18419703v1<DWT> -Section 3,3 Env Health CMP Rendering set standard Legend: Insertion geletieH Meved lFern Moved to Style change Fonnat change MHved deletiE>R Inserted cell Deleted cell Moved cell Split/Merged cell Padding cell Statistics: Count Insertions 95 Deletions 45 Moved from 0 Moved to 0 Style change 0 Format changed 0 Total changes 140