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Home My WebLink AboutFile #9 - Study/Maps (1977-1985) M x I A .1•ME op..:-.•• ►' - ; • , :\\1) ,4°.e. . , •,,...% ,i'ieimlfitzrIM:444-,•••,1-71.-.4"tftat.„,,0#41,-4-,.-,:.•,,,•'--;.,---•,11,,,,,,,...,,,: k . , % .. u .,. -,.-,,,-;,4,7".- t--;....,,..-64tigiv-Los..i4----i.e.. '-''---:-..Y- . . . . . 9t\. \N- -. ks;.,, , .ii,, .ftk , 'er AM 1.-• r I+. ),..' • I . . . .... I • MF,,,„ .— 1}i��i;I i-. f1``:"1 t SP Ir y i \.i';STH E. , . . . . • Fes. ` • G o i By _____-_- '-_----- -- Q i , I 1.: N ,. ,,. F 'ir 1, . C . r i. G E Ili ,,, ,. ,...: „..i ., ,..., .. .. . . yt 4 b • . 1 . r..4 L i,. 1 _� _ _ JL _ L\ .��I_ �T17. 7 c-, ---- ,-, — - -I,- T F 111:1 . _ .t. 3 rli- ci .ro . . .T T . T . . I_ i_'_. _b _\__ 1 _= _ . . . . . . , ,- * - '1 N -JOE, CITY OF - LOS. ANGEEES . . ,.. . , . . . • . . . . . • ... . . . • . 1 T=1. 1 . .. . . . • . . . • . . . . . . DEPARTMENT OF CITE( PLANNING • CITY OF- LOS ANG E L ES JuNE 977 " } • CITY PLAN CASE NO . 26475 Council File No . 74-.4521-S .3 STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF THE CONCENTRATION OF ADULT ENTERTAINMENT ESTABLISHMENTS IN THE CITY OF LOS ANGELES fl Prepared for : Planning Committee of the Los Angeles City Council Prepared by: Los Angeles City Planning Department June, 1977 • Y 7 way TABLE. OF CONTENTS Pale Summary and Recommendations _ 1 I . Findings ' . 4 ' II .. Purpose and Scope. 7 III;. Methods. Currently Used to Regulate Adult Entertainment - Businesses ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 A. Approaches. to the Regulation of Adult. Entertainment. ' by Land Use Regulation 9 1.. Boston Approach 9 2 . Detroit. Approach 10 3 . Variations Adopted-by Other Cities 10 B. Alternate or Supplementary Forms of Regulation - Currently Available Under State and Municipal Law . . . 14 1 . Red Light Abatement Procedure 14 2 . Police Permit Requirements 15 C. Other Regulations of Adult Entertainment inLos Angeles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 IV., Methodology .and Analysis 20 A. Changes in Assessed Valuation Between 1970-1976 . . . 22 1.... Study, and Control Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22. Z. Conclusion •. . . .. . . . . . . . . , . . . 25 B. Public Meetings . . . . . . . . . 27'- C. Questionnaires . .- . . , . 32 1... Description of Survey . - .. . . . . . 32. 2 .. Results_ of Survey. . . . ., . . . ., . . . 33 D. U. S. Census. and. Related Data 44 1 . ,Description of Hollywood using _'Cluster Analysis" 44 , TABLE OF CONTENTS '(cont ' d ) 2 . Description of Studio City And North Hollywood using Census . Data . . .. . .: . . . . . . . . ` . 47 V. Police Department Study of Hollywood 51 TABLES- .. I . No. of Ordinances Regulating Adult Entertainment Uses 11 II . Ordin-ances Regulating Adult Entertainment Uses by Dispersal 13a . III . - City Council Files Relating to Adult Entertainment . . . . 19a IV . 1970-76 Changes in Assessed Valuation 24a V. Studio City, North Hollywood and City of Los Angeles Comparison of Census Data 48 VI . Reported Crimes and Arrests 1969-75 - Hollywood and City of Los. Angeles _ 53 EXHIBITS • Exhibit A - Generalized Location of Adult Entertainment. Sites in Hollywood and Central City, by Census Tract. 22a Exhibit B - Generalized Location of Adult Entertainment Sites in Studio. City and North Hollywood , by Census: Tract. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 22b APPENDICES A. Assessment Data - 1970 and 1976 B. Form - Genera.l Questionnaire C . . Form Appraiser Questionnaire D. Response and Summary of Privately-D:istributed Questionnaire' (not a portion of study) E . Data from U. S . Census 1960 and 1970 .. ...::::,; `-'--' ;:' ' - SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 7-:. ▪f "`A:":`' ':Types 'of .i 'Ordnances to Control •"Adult Entertainment" Uses __: ..{_.r_ ... ,.,Two methods of regulating adult entertainment business via land -==` '''' " use regulations have developed in the United States . They are : • '`-''`_ .' - 1•) the. concentration of such uses in a single area • of the city • ` :.= as. in Boston ; and 2 ) the dispersal of such uses , as in the City ;' s-r' -of Detroit... The Detroit . ordinance has been challenged and ;1 -:. �-.._. upheld by the U. S .- Supreme Court - (Young vs . American • `''VW?' Mini -Theaters , 96 S . Ct . 771, 1976 ) . . B . ' . Effect• 'of "Adult En ertainment" Businesses on the Community _ - --'.-.- =:r There has been some indication that the concentration of "adult • . ' entertainment" uses results in increased . crime and greater :::: ' _ police enforcement problems . In the City of Los Angeles , the ' ; • �w- Los Angeles Police Department. has found a- link between the , = = concentration of such businesses and increased crime in the - _ - Hollywood community. . ( The major portion of a Police Department _ _ report on this subject is .herein contained . ) While several -,- major cities have adopted ordinances similar to the Detroit ' ▪ ordinance , no other major city has , to our knowledge , adopted a = - ▪ Boston-type ordinance . - - - -• . - - " _ Testimony received at two public meetings on this subject. has _ -_- _ revealed that there is serious public concern over the proliferation of adult entertainment businesses -particularly in the Hollywood area. Citizens have testified of being afraid to walk the streets ; that some businesses have left the area or ' ' "' .•: • have modified their hours of operation ; and that they 'are =' z_ _,, .."fearful ..of children being confronted by unsavory individuals or 1`?4.-,::-J is - -of being exposed to sexually . explicit material . A • - '= `- representative of an adult theater chain testified in support of '•`'`` the manner in which this business was run and in support of the . - <4. 1 type.- of _clientele' which attend the theaters : . The Planning. .. - y,__ Department' staff is of ' the. opinion that the • degree of : ,;,` •� ;-_ 7:. deleterious effects of adult entertainment businesses depend . t`-_;� =. largely on the particular type of• business and on how any such . • - :7- = business is operated - . _ ' -_ - . ,,▪ r= A mail��rsurvey: questionnaire conducted by the Planning Department ,,.. has tended to emphasize general public concern , over the = = i- proliferation of sex-oriented businesses and has indicated �- �" ` ` further,' • that ap praisers ,ppraisers , real tors and representatives of "▪�'•-�'-:: ; f.• lending-n d i n institutions s t.i t o t.i o n s are e�F, g" generallyof the: opinion that . �:>-y-=- .• - concentration of adult entertainment businesses • exerts a .--,e- Y _ negative economic impact on both business and residential -: ▪ ":.f, properties .' They feel that the degree . of negative impact depends upon the degree of concentration and on ' the. specific type of adult entertainment .busine"ss i iY.`Xi.•s^.-i�I:J:N.:.a :.'24'r••i�.vi frj y� _ �?ti•• ' .. t - +' ., aA _ f; y. -L4: N .�_ _�'- lam ▪ •'�i :t _ fir: -}• 'C4Sr - ,� ..erg`...� • y.. ✓¢.•. ..-O.v �fib.'' t f!.' idt - -d r - -ram,.. .rc =r-- _ ▪ .- i • r i f 1� �/ �..�y/,.... u ,t oa.. -/!S,^ ..�,c .+�v.a.• r..:.._,.• ..c.e .:.. ...._L• _ .. r P�/ut r ni".,- .v ti... Nf�W.._i'.e. ,rc.-d ,..•��Y. .._.. �.. -. _ " ti} [[�� + .- Wit}.. - -.i �7 - t. ' r"2�-`! In ,r.7= • ''S'•`r +-Y' r� ��r• ▪ { _L A S_'' - tin ��f !:{'c„ it . yI - ,5 - ,A 1'R i 4/�a, r- ' Y`-• I.. [ems" � G - .'�i`�- r tiY r- _f e t '`" 'cE-• to• ' -`'!'fir`r t �q ` 't+ar y F :.i. i . -7r. 1 _+ail 'a•.-.:- ar _.Ji f i-- • '• �"s••� jr% ryp� ---5 • r'A. •.M1�52�,aria ait_.e.«. _c'..�4".��55.. � .er-s'�. o -+.:G :..�_ .. - __. .._ 'LF.. . _ .c. _ , ,_.r• ;: ;•:-.'''.-' - Tte - 1970-76 change in the assessed ,value of residential and, . . .. fjr. 4-: .. - commercial properties containing concentrations of adult enter- ... '..."!.:"'n,:e7tAinment businesses was compared with other areas without such .. ....- concentrations , and with the City as a whole . On the basis of '. this comparison , it cannot be concluded that properties - . .. containing concentrations of adult entertainment businesses have directly influenced the assessed valuations of such properties . , .,:•,-;,•;::.g.::,. .,,,,f,.,::,,,,,,,..;,; ;,.:,.;•:,•,,1-.:-- '• . ' ' - ' -: - • ...:-...;.,,:r.... Data and analysis based on the U. S . Census of:: I970. : and . certain -..'- '.-- :-trend data. from. ttie censuses of 1960 .and : 1970 as sapplied _to -. - :4f.......:! 4t...,,._ --'"--':, areas- of the City containing concentrations of adult - :' 7' entertainment businesses are included in the body of the report -.:•-:,-- - and in the Appendix . :-: -,"-c:'1..:. '. :,.., .,::- ,-.1•f... -..:. ::.: . . ' • .:. . . . ' : --- i-, s-.,,,,,, ,----,-, - •--?,-,'' --':'--:',',...:•-,:::,--','• '...:-.-:',:.-z '...- - ,• , - - .., , ! , , •.- .: :: • :: -... C. Scope of the Ordinances Enacted by Other Jurisdictions • . . .. The scope of "adult entertainment" ordinances encompases a : variety of adult activities. For example, the Los Angeles Study . ..- .. has considered ." adult entertainment" establishments to include .. y.-.-s-:-.-:--..- adult bookstores and theaters , massage parlors , nude modeling . stUdios , adult motels , arcades , and certain , similar businesses . many other ordihahcesStUdied , however , are less broad in their coverage . The Detroit ordinance; fo -. instance does not regulate . _ massage parlors or adult motels , hor does . it -17-Evide- for the closing of any such businesses by amortization , Whibh would be - -r-- ..- necessitated by the retroactive application of such an ordinance . Table I on. page 11 indicates the ordinances reveiwed and the major categories of uses they regulate . . • _ ..,_ .: Effett of Ordinances Enacted by Other Jurisdictions : The U.S . --:- , Supreme Court in Young vs . American Mini -Theaters pointed out , :::•:;:--.'..:: „as one of the bases for upholding the Detroit ordinance, that .,..!..,,,,-..,::-: . the regulation did not limit the number of "adult. entertainment" . ...- •.. ,-. businesses ... Our study has indicated that the practical effect .. .: .--_'.:.. of literal adoption of "Detroit" language without modification ...,-5.W.'.:-.:. in the City of Los Angeles - would be to limit the potential locations for such businesses rather severely. Due to the predominance of commercial zoning in "strips" along major and ".. “' -.. .. ': secondary streets , .an ordinance preventing "Adult entertainment" business from locating within 500 feet of residentially zoned ...-. . property would, in effect, limit such businesses to those areas of the City where there is commercial zoning of greater than 500 . . ... _ jeet in depth.. Areas with such commercial frontage would -. --- :.. - ,,AW,"-include " downtown Los.. Angeles , a small part of Hollywood, Westwood, and Century City. A few industrial areas would also -f .. ......-: : afford a . -. separation of this distance from residential properties . . The limitation of 1 ,000 feet between establishments • " .-.-;-...-Fz--,?..,Er".,. .t::: (as provided . in the Detroit ordinance) would likely be -inappropriate in the City of Los Angeles inasmuch as commercial '. . ' '-....-:.---?...„...-,,..,:....„ zoning is located in a strip pattern along most of the City ' s:,...:: -',.. ..,•.:_ approximate 1 ,400 miles of major and secondary highways . ( It is .t.z:,,- A';::: :estimated that approximately 400 miles of such "strip"... commercial zoning exists In the City. ) .:.- ,._.: _ .::,:, .. :• :,_. :-.., . ;:: • ,,:: : - _,. .--.f. :.•7 ::.-' '4,-'re. ,...k,,:i.a.i4t.,:::,,,..,::::,14,. !i..•Q-,sc:-.-:.-.":,-,;;;•_,: ,.._;:-, ..; :. .,, ,,...,..:•.-,,, ,?..:• :,,., .;"-- -','..::::s.•_-:-.2.-:;.• •:.7:':::.4 -...'4'..,".,:-:7-,:.';--'..':',:-..'-..:•:•'-',:::,i,-: ' 4.-4. • : 4e.4.-4'.?.,-::,•;!.v.i-' :a.;:-;-!i! .: :-. „-,,,,,.....: -,•-t--..i,•:iF,..: : .,.;:, ,-. . ; . Tr';..,i,-,-„:„).:,.;-;•: i.:-..- : -.: .,! .t,•,;,,,,--.„,___,%:,:;.::"..- .4- :!..-6,.-t-4,:szOn.747-:)N 4'e.;: -,2i';_e,i-;-.:r -.17-1.?A'r.it::-:,::; ,;:f.:: :3:;-:''''' . :.:;'-'' .:..':-.7:::: .'-_:;'' .."-;•) ".-...,-,•;)%.:_•;-7:.::::::, '': .„il ' -7,=.-z. •,,W,:;2 „,,,., iytiem,;•:;y4,74, ,Mit4=;.X.. ,34. ,!1;iki., 1,i.fric.3.cV.;f:,.3...F-':;.,'":::, ,..: ..."::!:11., ..: :-,:-.: :::::',7%.;':!,..t.r",:.'?.,. t'',::::3!-:',..:!.'i'::1::;.-',::-::.;:t ---:;L' -.::..%,::•;.',-4,r , :„. • .1g: -:- Ei.,,,, _..,,, ,no,--wtiiPet.,,fer---,:,,,, :,:rt.'7,Livrie,4if-t.,% t.7 fi•-,-4,f4i,.. , _:,:;:.- 44 .-;,•;:.ii.i 41'-tfe:,.3.-.1 ::=.&.1A.,,f;,- .,:! --. .:-_-j;-,:::-::::.:-b,:-:,---,-,...q-!..- .:.::,,,,.:_,_.:. .,:4,.... . ..,,,.-;,-,i....: - „g.i..,:: ?.0%44.. „alf:A.:Pitairt-wv .i..2;y-.1.100"‹,..1.-1AAJZO-&-(47N-F- Z.S: t:'t:41i.A-c;. ?;-3-;.:j1"i;`=7-:::--?7:3:';142 ,;: rf:-,i.:1:..1-,:;.'n,•42::• )*;',.:',:;'-..,,4:';.•':;;ci-;;;" ::::.?;!;:•.7:--.-;!i'':'ii?.::'-':',' ',i.:',:,. .,:.t7: • .,:-...-,-,12; _) ..fiz3,;; -I. .'3;7..-1, t7Z ...,1'.. ,i-4..;....:`:::;•...,,-ott):::.';:-.4-ft;.!P.t`,7??..61,r...,5.)..n...,:ete.z,v,?_i.lr..1,.1. -;',,.-. :,,..i.,'s .,; ',-.! ,-:?;k:.y.,,,r_.::;:7),,4.S• •,.-_,.,,,:?.„,.f.!,.f...3.-,,:ii:L,T,..z,;, ,,!-:-,.,-,,;.1.. .,c..:.,. • 1.�,•,a-'' - - • �Z -.� to ▪ • - - • ... AT. . m ' �- �� .D - Recomenda ins- ` - •• ▪ . 1`:.: - ;, If. the City Council should find it advisable in light •of ...-,,�,_ , ':'~- the findings of this report to recommend. the preparation of '��:?.6. =,:= :• .' an ' ordinance to control adult entertainment businesses , •-. . `` t''°`' "`'y `' • such an ordinance should be of a dispersal type rather than ` rr;T=_ '''� _ a concentration type. (To build a planning policy • basis .�„1 • _4'-' i..L'. '' - for such regulation, the Council mayalso wish the Planning "-'�'t``F„':4--:'-`_ ,:,- Department to consider the development of appropriate ?• =7-- - policies for incorporation within the Citywide Plan . ) ''':-'='' Z.:. F . IfaVa dispersal type ordinance is recommended by the City - -▪ - ..-, ',. .-...,•- Council , the. Planning Department is of the opinion that ;L:: p.''''''''''1-`"--▪ ': . such an ordiana.nce should be designed for specific . ;;-. =:_ application in the City of Los Angeles, rather than the" . ='': r'' ` 's''' `. - direct adoption of the Detroit model . , If such a dispersal ▪ P'-'-' ` ' ' t e ordinance is ' recommended for enactment locally, it _ __:; should consider . _ • - • . a • : distance requirements between adult entertainment - establishments . The Planning Department recommends . that a separation between establishments greater than - • = 1 , 000 feet ' is necessary and desirable.. - b : distance requirements separating adult entertainment `'''-•' - : , establishments from churches , schools , parks, and the - like. The Planning Department suggests that a .- separation of at least 500 feet is necessary. A similar distance separating adult entertainment uses ;_ =�^'-.- -▪ `5_ ---_ from single-family residential development should also . . ':=s- - ---• .. be considered . . : - '- `"�'" ''• ' -•:;--� then possibi ` of enacti ng additional proviprovisions to • R-"�,T_'•" '- ti , _: : regulate signs. and nd Similar• forms of advertising should ',,�'=�`" also be considered •_ _ - �; _ ..,;•_•--<_ ::fir': _ 7. --' '`''= • If. the City Council should find it advisable to recommend . --y x, l • -` .all of the ' types of "adult entertainment" •• businesses - - ::< a ':" ;' included in this study, it should consider whether all such : ,, .;shy 4F..:w,:.:, - . ' ;, uses should be in the same class and subject to the same awl:: f ▪ - ��: .•:• yam' - rrt- - -yra-, rY.••• .. �.. .�'r�•> • 4.�.:.,:.-:-' Should the City. Council . recommend the preparation of. .. a•. '•, .: �'� v H> -..�` zoning ordinance to regulate adult entertainment : � :�:,-;:=_., businesses , other. sections of the Municipal Code relating F • `,;`f ; � 6.7 ta' the subject, including police _ • r�-4_ .r permit requirements, . = 1�-;� should. also be amended in order to be consistent with the. .' ' :, -74•:' :5. ^'fir-`- : Y . _ 14 ,. "; =;y_: - zoning regulations and to facilitate the administration and - . _' iAfte- rr`= enforcement of such. regulations - .._ y= a, - � 1 .r^ 7%} v i- • 3 Vit ▪ r _ fix' t".r^ ' i- x. - b•- Y.+ rp .yam jr :u "ice== - "c - w ,ram'. - - d FJ ▪Y _ t ,i. r _ r - • S - ▪ -K max, �.` ::+.y� ti y:N~ - z,P, ._I` y q alr - ;f ♦�v"r ilaTi - _- - - r. ti�a f i�.. .:r _ R" �r• ','''� ,K • �▪ 3 `is ,e_ .•s wTF -4. •i �F X' s 1� Y _Or• JN! a1 L •�,. .a el y�.yy , y 'ham '.�i�▪::.f.. - .L. l " Y ',• v a-.- : _ rl"� •F !u7yhgi� ... i . .nc.�. taw - ,v-1Y. _ '.•}':Y �R. _ �"f -. f.�3J!`L!�^•f6.�-.t.'M.a.-tc`t:•3.1'�'"lir.L^�J::..I'�`''i.dr-I...�:fu'•'N_. .T.'-.:Ly........__._... r ... r. .. - ��n'�:.` .. _ _. . -a_ iyi.. a 5...,:,, _The Planning Department recommends that it be instructed to •-.-r;- :`--•-°:;,,, review existing zoning regulations applying to the C4 . zone • - -. i---, which• currently prohibits 'strip tease shows" and • that the „- '= - .• r,: Zoning". Administrator.. through interpretation consider- - ::'V�•:'--=�`-�t expanding the list of prohibited uses in said zone to 'T = ': ,-..-,. include: additional adult entertainment uses as herein :;jam. indent.ified • • G � -,.. . .-To ` assist in the regulation of "adult. entertainment busi - . ','-''' ., ' nesses the City should continue to vigorously enforce all • ' • •.',r;_--.< : existing prov.i.sions of the Municipal Code. relating to the, 1'' `' - -`` subject. including Zoning- regulations.. - Z� .z:„+ •a'-fr Sic �S cSr,�„ ..'Ya; - n-tY• , r - . 'atiS'q:%'•fir;•+-.%`% .:;'ice-•w'4-::'" •f; _ _ . .:So•t .`�. -:T, T.IY .t .-G/.M __ ✓.'";i-, s'£nr r::•. �rf'; 71- ... .. ., , 4,ti f.�Ti: _ r_' v�'-.1„iw. 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',.,:'i^>' Y .�.M�:,;,•,'... .F�a:>..=::e .. .V� .1:{(jjFF ,[y'{��f'r 'e,x F e .w'R..:; .iaa L,ofi c•2;f-; ,i'...w;. .�.^ - 7.,"-` :.,1,:..,. - Sa V.'.•aL._�,! �<•` - -,q,��{ .�.. y'Y., ',%'6�1�7 ,at„r�•, <l'�. •'E�^ R,�b-'.� -SI.�-,':Ji`s;•.`�a...-.., i,• 1:.'l�('•'�t,-� •.t!`id+':� . .:1:. a •r� ,� __ -a ��w:.. �'.�`^�a.rtir. m.ir.� ..t PJr't..nS...sW:tc,ur\'.k'�A!4;`.,',r.�,,.:':�''Sd:, ..�"r:s:tl••t,�;:�r'%:?.,r':32'"'?.?1��Y'1':%'y:.�cii�::F'.aC:'+'l��::d;',;f>�,.-,�:'.�x{s•., :� .. = FINDINGS • 1 . A' Boston-type ordinance (concentration ) to control adult entertainment businesses would not be acceptable nor desirable in the City of Los Angeles .. 2. In ' the event legislation is enacted in the City of Los Angeles there is adequate basis for a Detroit-type ordinance (dispersion) which requires a distance of 1000 feet between establishments- and 500 feet from residential zones . Existing locational- patterns of adult entertainment businesses ( in Hollywood, Studio City, North Hollywood) actually represent a concentration rather than a dispersion of establishments . ( Such patterns are contrary to the Detroit concept and are due, in fact; to the City ' s strip commercial zoning pattern . ) . 3 . If dispersion is desired in Los Angeles , an ordinance should be designed specifically for the City.. (Direct application of the Detroit ordinance would not be desirable or appropriate in Los Angeles and would, in part , tend to result in a concentration of • such businesses . ) 4 . Statistics provided by the Los Angeles Police Department ( LAPD) indicate a proportionally larger increase in certain crimes in Hollywood from 1965-75 , as compared with the City of Los Angeles as a whole . ( Hollywood has the largest concentration of adult entertainment, businesses in the City. ) 5 . Statistics provided by the LAPD indicate that there has been a large increase in adult entertainment enterprises since 1959, particularly _in Hollywood. From December 1975 to December 1976, however, there has been a decrease in such establishments .. 6. • Testimony obtained at two public meetings on the Adult • Entertainment study conducted on April 27 and 28, 1977 indicated. that :: - . . . -- Many persons , including the elderly, are afraid to walk the • streets. in Hollywood. • - Concern was expressed that children are' being exposed to sexually explicit materials and unsavory persons . • - Some businesses no longer remain open in the evenings and others have left the area allegedly directly or indirectly • .`1.- due to the establishment of adult entertainment businesses . • - • In Hollywood, some churches drive the elderly to - services and others provide private guards in their parking lots . Nearly all persons opposed the concentration'. of adult' • = '=` ='':`` entertainment activities . .cal' ", ..d .�' ':?;: '':';.max.;. -•s<..L. - - -. 'Y ...- .. - - . . 7,. Responses to questionnaires of the City Planning Department have - _`;"" indicated that •::.::_•.': ;:. . .. _ k•:.-�4 ' .r • ::,a._c.. _ _ '` s , etc. believe that -•.< `��,.=i.-.:4.s;: '+ApPrausers ••�� r•e�altorn lenderthe . - :z°=' _ . _ concentration of adult entertainment establishments has had ^ rl, r adverse economic effects on both businesses and residential -: w— .�_,}-•:.-` property in respect to market value, rental value ' and ',.: ;, r;, ~.r ' rentability/saleability; that the adverse economic effects diminish with distance but that the effects extend even • - t n " -- beyond a •�000-foot radius ; and that the effects are related =: -4:;.ti,Y: to the degree of concentration and to the specific type. of : 'if'; ,may T-`z'"., • :-:' {' ; , adult t. entertainment business r ° t.. Businessmen , residents , etc. - believe that the concentra Y~ _ t Y;_;:-" tion of adult entertainment establishments has adverse ==?_•:z,�.r:-<.-- effects on both the quality of life, .and on business and `'"' --` • property values . ' Among the adverse business effects cited • '''` `` • , are difficulty in retaining and attracting customers to ,,f �_2_ non-- adult entertainment" businesses ; difficulty in : = -"i ecruiting employees ; and difficulty in renting office space '�y= ~ -.-" and keeping desirable tenants . Among the adverse effects on ' the quality of life cited are increased crime; the effects _ on children ; neighborhood appearance_ litter and graffiti . 8. .:_ :A.- review of the percentage changes in the asses'sed value of commercial and residential property between 1970 and 1976 for " = ' the study areas containing concentrations of adult entertain-- • ;' ment businesses have indicated that : : - _--_ The three study areas in Hollywood containing such ' businesses have increased less than the Hollywood Community, ;;;: ,..,:'. and less than the City as a whole. Two of . the three study .vs:,=�: ., ,z.-. - areas in Hollywood . have increased less than their. F k `=1}`.. corresponding "control areas "; however_ one such study area • . , _ . . :. increased bya greater amount than its corresponding control 4, area - =}s. r„ • , ,..• ' The study area in Studio Cityhas! increased by a greater r:s;,= ==a ='. percentage than its corresponding "control area" , by a •-:1100 .s__a slightly lower percentage than the Sherman Oaks-'Studio City. ' "� " -=_ Community;t • and bya considerably� .: :: y9 greater percentage than the.. :x€. :• 'r -'N entire. c•it - • 44 1: ':1-rf Lt _ The study area : in North Hollywood- - --' - .- -' =w2 . y has increased by a.. 3 > .,-� considerably lower percentage than its corresponding control - - ' '' ., . Community; and the City as . a whole. -: , ..: ;::- ..- .,..-.' �,. .�: �-°•area, the. North Hollywood ._ , g ,,a ., On. the basis of. the foregoing it c ded - --,'_; '�: adult entertainment businesses have directly linfluenced• `V, ... • changes in the assessed value of commercial and residential - - x 1z r-^.properti es in the. areas analyzed _• • - J, .,. s: •R:7..:= 9- There are various existing laws and > regulations (other than .:x r;;>�:Y zoning) ,.n fi ; ,-:; g) ,. available to effect proper regulation of adult r• -'- a entertainment businesses - • '4e 1 7^ -a;r, rT 'Z. l - S. .ei VAT yt;yP. -rT..,-•r-, y[ � 44 4, /t - .f. "h ,,y' >•1 5> _y • _ r�-. H :Y - r-C - + `4 �r ��7'1 ? y; _ r� :� ate. ;�'� / �,:�-,•_ LL`^ •+' 4�4e„vi wS` O - C.�.. .may? _ y .ate I+ `� r - >� - - .ys .-L." '��r5r. - �I' ��` 'f'f :J �°4.- .1..L' -�. ,.s.-te ,:uY.� .. �> - +� �S"'� .� ..Nd3`�1,.! ��(}�, �J: }. 'fig.: ,:I--:yr,t _ - - •� _ •..Pao :f:1'� - _ - 4. - �' bp` 4 Yr> %-'P'f ,,, ar'i:r �Jt ti. '� ti' h T'- 1, - •1 SAG > -'1�.-):+�'� .. - - ->. � _.�: ��ixi-: _ .-.iM.�_n'r°.r..'s.�:-'S�...1•yr•-.,i:J'":n'. .__,._'•v.'.7s._= > .._ .. _a.-_ ._ ,. . ��•'3��':_ ,^'`'�� __ _.- T•.t-i'r^� 10�:, There is a highdegree of turnover in individual adult -- entertainment businesses as evidenced on page 51 (Much of this change is probably --due to Police enforcement. ) • 11. The Los Angeles City Council, both on its own initiative and at the urging of numerous citizens groups, has proposed a variety of. approaches to limiting the possibly deleterious effects or - "adult entertainment" business on neighborhoods. • 12:o • At least 10 cities have adopted ordinances similar to • the Detroit dispersal. ordinance.. Several other cities' have enacted - other forms of regulations: • 13 . The Detroit ordinance does not regulate massage parlors. Of the cities with' regulations, three have included massage parlors within the purview of their zoning ordinance. • 14. None of the cities surveyed call out or regulate adult motels a a part of their "adult entertainment" ordinance. • 15. The Detroit Ordinance is prospective in its application and therefore does not include an amortization provision, i .e. • provide for a time period for the removal of existing businesses. Although other such ordinances have included such I II provisions, none had been validated by the courts at the time of this study . • • .. •'•'_ Si.}_mac:'- _ _ -- ', .. - - .. - -. - I 'tom;. !J= _ ,•:-. f -.' ::"t'-- - =tip.. '.4.._ - ._I.._F- +`'x..,.i ,,4• -";-: V T.YJ'Qf,: r'f,FR: -- _ „,„;',:'• _ - - :;ram,' . >. ::s;' ;'ice„��:£,•- :dam �ra: _ �. :tip• �E� :> • L •+ l -., • r il[L`rf - _ 'l w 1 , , `Fi' i.t •1 s.•sty-•1 �NA - - , •- - , _ - • ' • :�- .�.at 'ice L ';S.i ss;;tit:=`-' .{. ,..•q_4 _ • • • .�W 4rte (fir "R'�Y= _ 1.�. ri S':' - - - ,7.. `gig;... r _ --:.i, �.=T;--� - _ `' "":", ..�i -i4 R ,' . .•�._ tom+ v , ". 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On January .12, 1977 , the Los Angeles City Council instructed this Department, with the assistance of other City agencies , to conduct a. comprehensive study , to determine whether the concentration of so-called "adult entertainment" establishments has a blighting or degrading effect on - nearby properties and/or neighborhoods . The term "adult entertainment" is a general term utilized by the Planning staff to collectively refer to businesses which primarily engage in the sale of material depicting sex or in providing certain sexual services . These would include the following : adult bookstores ; X-rated theaters; adult motels with X-rated entertain- ment;. massage parlors ; sexual , therapy establishments (other than those operated by a licensed psychologist, psychiatrist, etc . ) ; and nude, topless or bottomless bars and restaurants . During the past few years , there has been increasing concern in Los ,i Angeles over the proliferation of such sexually oriented businesses . The derivation of such concern is varied---religious , moral , sociological and economic . The positions advocated by the ill public range from a " laissez faire" attitude to outright moral indignation and demand for prohibition . l 11 It should be noted at this time that the topic of newsracks , was not dealt with in this study. The primary reason for not considering newsracks is that, in addition to the absence of a specific Council . :i request for this Department to deal with that subject , this matter has• been and continues to be a topic of litigation in our state i, courts . Additionally; other public agencies , including the City 1 Attorney, Bureau of Street Maintenance , and Building and Safety, are presently pursuing assignments regarding newsracks , and it is premature to determine whether newsracks could feasibly be studied as "adult entertainment" businesses., from a practical or constitutional standpoint. j rn giving the Planning Department this this- assignment, the City Council essentially called for a. fact-finding process to determine whether I'i adult entertainment establishments , where they exist in concentration, cause blight and deterioration . When this question i has been posed to the public, there have frequently been anguished retorts to: the effect that. "the answer is s.o obvious, it is ridiculous to even ask the question, " and "what is the City waiting ,', for before it takes action to eliminate 'these. scourges of society?" II I On the., other side of the spectrum, certain parties who are against the adoption of regulations regarding "adult entertainment" I question the legitimacy of the government ' s interest in the subject; and they have noted that magazines as "scurrilous" as those sold in adult bookstores are also available in the markets- and.. drugstores where the likelihood of perusal by youngsters is obviously greater than within the confines of an adult: bookstore. (where. no "person under 18 years: of age is, allowed) ._ ii `` . \ . I'n completing• this study, 'the-. Planning Department- has 'made every effort. to ensure a fair and. unbiased analysis of "adult entertain- ment . " The staff has been. ' instructed to objectively review • information of a factual nature ; and , although the personal feelings of organized groups and the public at large were forcefully . expressed at the two. . public meetings and , in the' study questionnaires , the staff . has maintained independence from such" strong emotions in evaluating the data gathered. As noted: above, the staff has specifically been given the: charge. to- determine whether the concentration of "adult entertainment" establishments has any blighting or degrading ' effect. on the • neighborhoods in which they reside. We did' not consider the ' specific nature or ,content of --the materials or services rendered , advertised or promised , . for . this would' have . constituted a censor—like role for the. Department which was neither desired nor . requested by the Council, This study has ' 'focused .on the Hollywood community as well as portions of Studio City and North Hollywood as those areas of Los Angeles having the greatest .concentration of "adult entertainment" • establishments . In order to assess .the effect of the concentration lI of "adult entertainment" establishments in these areas , the staff • has analyzed such factors as changes in assessed property, values , H and reviewed various crime statistics as well as other demographic and related data as available from the U . S . Census . In addition , the Department has reviewed various established approaches to. the regulation of "adult entertainment" business , , including legislation i;, already enacted by other jurisdictions , and earlier efforts of the City of" Los Angeles to regulate such businesses . By means of two public' . meetings on the subject conducted. by .i representatives of the City Planning Commission , and through the use of a' mail survey questionnaire, the Department has also attempted to . p.rovide additional -documentation relative to- the actual or perceived impact' of' adult.. entertainment businesses on the community. Current j information- on Crime statistics has been provided. in a separate report . prepared_ by. the: Los: Angeles Police Department , major- portions' :1 ' • of- which are herein. included. ,I L i I! I - - III .. _ • METHODS CURRENTLY USED -TO REGULATE "ADULT ENTERTAINMENT" BUSINESSES A. APPROACHES TO THE REGULATION OF ADULT ENTERTAINMENT BY . LAND USE REGULATION . Two' primary methods of regulating. *adult entertainment" li - businesses via *rand. use regulations have developed i-n .the United S-tates:: the concentration approach , as. evidenced by the "Combat Zone in Boston, and. the. dispersal approach , initially developed by. Detroit. - • 1 . . Boston Approach . In Boston the "Combat Zone" was officially established by . designation of an overlay Adult Entertainment District. in • November: of 1974 . The purpose of the overlay . district was to create an area in which additional special uses would be permitted in designated Commercial Zones which were not permitted in these zones on a citywide basis . The "Combat Zone" had existed unofficially for many years in Boston , as the area in- question contained a majority of . the "adult - entertainment" facilities in ' the City. The ordinance was adopted in response to concern . over the spreading of such uses to neighborhoods where they were deemed to be inappropriate . Other considerations included facilitating the policing of . such activities and allowing those persons. who do not care to be subjected to such businesses to avoid them. . • Under the Boston ' ordinance, adult bookstores. and "commercial entertainment businesses" are considered conditional . or 'forbidden uses except in the . Business , • Entertainment ' Di-strict. . ' Existing- "adult entertainment!' businesses are . permitted to continue as • non-conforming uses , but, if- discontinued for a period of two years : may not: be. re.-established Establishment of uses in areas of • the city. other than the "Combat Zone" requires, a . public . hearing. before the. Zoning Board of Appeals. : The. effectiveness, and appropriateness. of the Boston approach is: a subject.. of controversy. There has been some: ind.ic.at.i.on' that it has resulted in an increase in crime: ' within the district and that there is an increased vacancy rate, in the. surrounding office buildings . Due to fl• complaints of serious criminal incidents , law enforcement ac'tivit.ies- have. ' been' increased. and a number of liquor' i • licenses in the area have been revoked. Since the "Combat , i:1 Zone" and most of the surrounding area- are part of -various. !' redevelopment projects , however , the change. in character of. '!, the area cannot. be. attributed solely to the existence of "adult. entertainment bus-finesses . ' In Los Angeles , the Police Department has investigated the ' effect of "adult entertainment" businesses in Hollywood and found a. link between the clustering of these. establishments .., . and an increase in- crime . .( See Section V, pages 51 to 55 ) . For this reason , and due to the enforcement problems created by such concentrations , the Police . Department is not in favor of a concentration approach in the City of Los Angeles . Public. testimony at hearings and through Planning • Department questionnaires has indicated an overwhelming • public disapproval of this approach for the City of Los . ' Angeles . • 2'. Detroit Approach The City of Detroit, has developed: a contrasting approach to the control of "adult entertainment" businesses . The it Detroit Ordinance attempts to disperse adult. .bookstores and theaters by providing that such uses cannot , _without . special permission, be. located within 1000 feet of any . other "regulated uses" or within 500 feet of a • residentially zoned area. - • _ This ordinance was an amendment to an existing anti -skid row ordinance which attempted to prevent further • neighborhood deterioration by dispersing cabarets , motels , ' • pawnshops , billiard halls., taxi dance halls and similar establishments rather than allowing them to ' concentrate . • The ordinance was immediately challenged and eventually was upheld by the United States Supreme Court . .( Young vs . , American Mini Theaters 96 Supreme Ct . 771 , 1976 . ) In response to our request , data supplied by the ,City of Detroit' Police Department indicates that the combination . of the 'dispersal ordinance. and a related ordinance prohibiting - . the, promotion of pornography have been an effective tool in controlling adult businesses . To date, 18 adult bookstores and 6 adult theaters have been closed . There are 51 such businesses still in operation in Detroit and 38 . pending court. cases-for various ordinance violations.. .. 3•. : Variations Adopted by Other Cities. ' . The success of' the Detroit ordinance has spurred attempts: by. a number of other .cit.ies to' • adopt similar ordinances . The uses controlled and. the types of controls established .� by these. ord-inances are • summarized in Tables I and II ,. infra. . While- the- current. study of - the effect of ' "adult entertainment" businesses on neighborhoods in Los Angeles has encompassed . all forms of "adult entertainment" , the ordinances reviewed and the Detroit. Ordinance specifically, are. less encompassing in . scope . Table I , on the following _ page., lists and reviews ia. number of ordinances, which i' regulate various specified adult. uses.- . I : -10 • TABLE I • Number of Zoning Ordinances Regulating Specified Adult Entertainment Uses (11. Ordinances Reviewed not adopted ) No . of Cities USE Regulating* Adult. Theaters _ 11 Adult Bookstores . 9 Mini-theaters and coin operated facilities 5 Massage Parlors ( includes. "physical culture establishments) . Modeling Studios/Body Painting 2 Pool /Billiard Halls 2 Topless Entertainment 2 Newsracks 1 Adult Motels 0 * (Numbers have incorporated-where I appropriate-uses entitled "physical culture establishments" and. "businesses.. to.. which persons under 18 could not be admitted" . ) I - I - . - -1.1- i. ,I The Detroit. disp.ersal ordinance does. not regulate massage parlors ; nor does it require. any . existing business to . close by amortization . Many of the more recent ordinances include. amortization provisions and several of these are . currently in varying stages of litigation. Perhaps the most comprehensive ordinance proposed to. date ' ( although not adopted:) is- that o.f New- York City. The ., • proposed -ordinance creates five classes o.f controlled uses , . - one of which is. entitled "physical culture establishments" and: is• defined, as a general class including any i establishment which offers; . massage. 'or other . physical . contact by members of the opposite.' sex . The ordinance ' ;' would also apply to clubs. where: the primary activity of ' such club. constitutes one: of the five defined classes of adult uses . ' . Ili The ordinance also provides for a special • permit exempting II . individual adult uses from amortization requirements when .1.1 the Board of •Standards' and Appeals makes findings regarding : i� 1-. The effect On adjacent property; • II 2 . Distance to nearest residential district ; ,11 il 3 . The concentration that may remain and its. effect on .. the surrounding neighborhood ;' li id - 4 . .That retention of the business will not interfere with '1' - any program of neighborhood preservation or renewal ; or 5 .,•- In the case of an adult bookstore or motion • picture • theater, the Board finds that the harm created by the - . use is outweighed, by its benefits . !: • j • Locally, the cities of Bellflower and' Norwalk have enacted ' ordinances - requiring adult bookstores and theaters' to obtain a conditional use. permit.,' As a part of their study, . the; City. of Bellflower surveyed over 90' c.i ti es in Southern ;I California to determine how ' other cities were: controlling adul t:: bookstores . Of the: cities which responded to. the .! . - ' Bellflower survey, -'12. require: a conditional use permit. • for l new bookstores.. ' The conditions for: obtaining , such a permit li '. , generally" include. dispersa:l and' distance requirements based upon: the. Detroit model . Bellflower- . also. includes -parking ' requirements. and: the- screening. of windows to prevent a view of the interior; it: prohibits the use of loudspeakers: or ;II ' sound' ,epuipment which can be . heard. from public or-� 1: semi-public areas:. . ' ' . Other , cities impose such controls as design review, ' • • prohibition of obscene - materia.l, on signs and required - identification• of the business as. "adult" . Such controls- are a possible alternative or addition to regulation of adult. uses by location .. . -12. Exterior controls affect the aspects of adult businesses which are most offensive to some citizens . The basis for such controls stems from the recognition of privacy as a constitutional right and the right to be " left alone" as a part of that right . ( See. Paris Adult Theatre I v Slayton,- 93. S . Ct . 2628 1973 . ) Table. II , following , provides a comparison and description of ordinances from various cities which are regulating "adult entertainment" businesses by dispersal . - i • • • • II 1 The theory that there should be no first amendment bar to sign controls is discussed by Charles Rembar, in "Obscenity--Forget It" , Atlantic Monthly, May 1977, pgs . 37-41 . • • -13- .. . TABLE II . ORDINANCES REGULATING ADULT ENTERTAINMENT USES BYDISPESL 1 DISTANCE • . I DISTANCE • FROM 1 FROM CHURCHES CONCEN- AMORTI- APPEALS . OTHER CITY USES CONTROLLED ' RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS : TRATION ZATION PROCEDURE 1 CONTROLS Seattle Adult theaters yes-90 Allow only in days BM, CM, & CMT . Zones; termi- • nate such uses in all other zones Denver Entertainment to 4 500' • which persons " under 18 could - not be lawfully admitted Dallas Adult shows or 1000! 1000' theaters Cleveland Adult bookstores, 1/1000' . adult movies and . mini-motion picture theaters, pool or billiard halls • Detroit Adult bookstores, • 500' 2/1000' Waiver by Ordinance pro- adult motion petition of hibiting promo picture theater, 51% of per- tion of pornog mini-motion picture sons owning/ raphy theaters, cabarets, • ' residing or hotels, motels, doing busi- pawnshops, pool or ness within billiard halls, 500' public lodging houses, secondhand , - stores, shoeshine _ parlors, taxi-dance . halls , , TABLE IT (cont'd.) DISTANCE • DISTANCE FROM - FROM CHURCHES CONCEN- AMORTI- APPEALS OTHER CITY USES CONTROLLED RESIDENTIAL_ SCHOOLS TRATION ZATION PROCEDURE CONTROLS New York Adult bookstores, ' 500' , 2-3/ 1 year Special .Sign regulatic (not motion picture • 1000' : closest permit .Applies to clt adopted) _ theaters, "toplessp to R- exception .Adult use alwE entertainment facil- zone must make a primary use ities, coin-operated • first findings entertainment facil- to go ities, physical cul- ture establishments Oakland Adult bookstores, 1000'. • 1/1000' 1-3 All require C.t adult movies, peep yrs. if permit shows, massage no use •parlors permit Kansas Adult bookstores and 1000' 1000' _ + Waiver, if Confined to ove City motion picture petition of lay C-X zone theaters, bath houses, - 51% of per- within C-2, 3, massage shops, model- sons resid- ing studios, artists- 0 ing or own- body painting studios ing property ' within 1000' - of proposed ' use Santa Adult newsracks, book- • 1000 ' 1/500' Public display Barbara stores, motion picture ' • (& from defined materia theaters parks or prohibited recreation • facilities) Bellflower Adult bookstores, ' • 1000! 1000 ' (& • 1/1000' By C.U. all bui theaters or mini- from parks ing openings, theaters, massage or play- entries, window parlors grounds) covered or screened to pre vent view into the interior Model studios 500 ' No loud speaker: • - - _ or sound equip. r TABLE ii (cont'd.) • . DISTANCE . DISTANCE_ FROM FROM - CHURCHES CONCEN- AMORTI- APPEALS OTHER CITY USES CONTROLLED • RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS TRATION ZATION PROCEDURES CONTROLS - - tlantic Adult motion picture • 500' ' 2/1000' Waiver of 500' Requires public ity theaters, mini-theater, from rest- hearing prior t adult bookstores., dential with grant of permit . , petitions signed by 51% Licensing of . of parties . massage parlor: • within 500 ' no treatment of • : a person of the • • • , opposite sex • • v ! • • - 13--c -- A B . ' ALT'E.RNATE OR SUPPLEMENTARY FORMS. OF REGULATION CURRENTLY AVAILABLE UNDER STATE AND MUNICIPAL LAW . 1. Red Light Abatement Procedure Red light abatement is a mechanism authorized by state- law 1to control criminal sexual which allows local government ;i behavior by controlling the places in which such behavior occurs . o Sec.. 11225 of the .California. Penal Code generally provides that every building or place used for illegal gambling , =- lewdness , assignation , or prostitution , or where such acts h occur, is a nuisance which shall' be enjoined; abated, and prevented. There are three basic steps involved in the II City' s application of the Red Light Abatement Procedures : ;i, ii ( a) A complaint is filed by the City Attorney based upon ri; the declarations of police officers of instances of II prostitution taking place on the premises . 1 i (b) The City attempts to obtain a preliminary injunction 1' to shut down the business until completion of the ;l scheduled. trial . If the City succeeds, the premises i' may only be re-opened as a legitimate business until the time of the trial . i' j; ( c) At the trial , the burden is on the City to prove that I' prohibited prohibited acts occurred on the premises . The remedy may be closure of the premises for all purposes for !� one year, placing the building. in the custody of the court, or an order preventing. the use of the premises for prostitution forever. - • Complaint-s may be filed by citizens, and Sec . 11228 of the • 1 . Code, provides that in Red Light Abatement Actions "evidence , I, of. the general reputation of a place is admissible for the . I! purpose of proving the existence of a nuisance" . 1 !. T:h'i's: method has been used successfully by the City to- abate adult entertainment: establishments in Hollywood along Western Avenue.. Although Red Light Abatement is directed at regulating sites , a Red. Light Abatement conviction ' can i.. affect the ability of an owner or operator to obtain a I ',' ' permit- for- a similar business. .'at another site ( see permit 11 requirements supra) . Due to the requirement of a' court proceeding, however, this method of control is both" time li consuming. and and expensive. j' • ii 14 1 7 . 2•. Police Permit Requirements Section. 103 of the Los Angeles Municipal Code provides for the regulation and control of a variety of businesses by permits issued by the Board of Police Commissioners . Permittees are subject to such additional requirements as may be imposed by law or by the rules and regulations of the_ Board.. 1 Those businesses, for which the City of Los Angeles requires. a police:. permit and which: may also be oriented towards adult entertainment include : i! - Arcades ( Sec. 103`. 101) . - Bath and Massage ( 103 . 205 ) ail - Cafe Entertainment. and Shows ( 10,3 . 102) '' !I - Dancing Academies , Clubs , Halls ( 103 . 105 , 106 , 106 . 1) , - Motion Picture Shows ( 103 . 108) In some cases , the specific regulations applied to a business , if.' enforced , preclude ' adult entertainment 'I; activities as a part of, the operation of the business, I with revocation of the operating permit an available remedy for violation of the regulation . it The most detailed regulations are applied to cafe entertainment ( Sec.' 103 . 102 LAMC) and are summarized as h follows .. 11 a;. Businesses Subject to the Regulations • II Operation of cafe entertainment or show.. for profit,. and the operation of public- places where food . or beverages are sold or given away and cafe li il entertainment, shows ,. still • or motion pictures are furnished., a'.l•lowed or shown . The regulation' does not. I apply to bands or orchestras providing music for dancing. . II. r b Cafe Entertainment Defined . ' ' !'. "Every. form of live entertainment,. music solo band or orchestra:,, act,, play," burlesque show, revue, pantomime, scene, song or dance act" . The presence ' of 1 any waitress , hostess , female attendant or female ' - - patron or guest attired in a costume of clothing that . exposes' to public view any portion of either- breast at -. ' or below' the areola. .is included with the purview of the ordinance. ' . - = : 1 -15- _ c . Summary of Activities Prohibited . Allowing any person for compensation or not, or while acting as an entertainer or participating in any live act or demonstration to : (11 _._Exp.ose his or her genitals , pubic hair, buttocks or- -any• port-tan of the female breast at or below the ar a ol a:------,, - . (2.) Wear, use, or employ, or permit, procure, counsel or assist another person to wear use or employ, any device, costume or covering which gives the appearance of or simulates the genitals , pubic. hair, natal cleft, perineum or any portion of the female breast at_ or below the areola. The above: provisions do not apply.. to a theatrical performance in a theater, concert hall or similar establishment which is primarily devoted to theatrical performances . The permit may also be revoked for conviction of the permittee, his employee, agent or any person associated with permittee as partner, director, officer , stockholder, associate or manager of : (1 ) An offense involving the presentation , exhibition or performance of an obscene production , motion picture or play; ---_ ... _ (2.) An offense involving lewd conduct ; (3) An offense involving use of force and violence upon the person or. another ; . (4) An offense involving misconduct with children ; - (5 ) - An offense involving maintenance of a nuisance in connection with the same or similar business operation ;* or, if the permittee has allowed or. r - permitted acts of sexual misconduct to be 1 committed within the licensed premise. Massage businesses have traditionally been regulated by licensing . The latest changes in the massage regulations became effective in November of 1976 . The application for a permit now requires : . ( 1) deti. iled information regarding the applicant.; - (2) nar+e, address of the owner and lessor of the .. pr..•perty upon or in which the business is to be coiducted, and a: copy of the lease or rental agreement; 1 -16- • • (3) requirement of a public. hearing prior to issuance of a permit, for the operation of a massage business. Operating requirements for massage businesses include: -- a. permit for each massage technician; -- regulation of: the hours .of. operation; . --' posted list of available services and their.. cost; -. a record of each treatment, the name and I address of the patron, name of employee it and. type of - treatment. administered. i So-called "private clubs or "consenting adult clubs" which have ostensibly been formed as, an alternative to massage parlors had until.. recently been r,egul.atee via the requirement of a social club permit. In June n770 however , the ordinance establishing such I requirement was declared unconstitutional. Ly a Los Angeles Muncipal Court due to unreasonable restrictions on the freedom of association. To date, it i s unknown whether the City will appeal the ruling or `mend the ordinance. " r • • • -17- • • C. OTHER REGULATION OF ADULT ENTERTAINMENT BUSINESSES .IN LOS ANGELES Regulation of adult entertainment businesses has a. long history in Los Angeles . In 1915. the. "prevalence: of sex evils arising. I' out of massage parlors" caused the City Council then to enact Section 27 .03 (L.A.M.C. ) as "a safeguard against the deterio- ration of the. social life of the commun:ity. " ` The ordinance. provided:: "(a) It shall be unlawful. for . any person .to administer, for hire or reward, to'. any person of the opposite sex , any massage, any alcohol- rub or similar treatment, any I' fomentat.i.on, any bath or electric or magnetic treatment, !I nor shall any person cause or permit in or about his place or business or in connection with his business , any agent, employee, or servant or any other person under his control' or supervision, to administer3 any such treatment to any person of the opposite sex.." This provision remained in the Code, in one form or another, until a similar Los Angeles County ordinance was - declared invalid in 1972 due to the prgemption of the criminal aspects of is sexual activity by the State. In reaching its conclusion the court referred to the discussion of the Los Angeles City ordinance in In Re Maki . This 1943 case upheld the constitutional validity of the ordinance , and , according to the court , established the primary purpose of such ordinance as the limiting of criminal sexual activity. The. late` 1960 's_ and early 1970 ' s brought a proliferation of nude bars and sexualscam joints in the Los Angeles area. In 1969 , the Cafe .Entertainment regulations ( Section 103 .102 Los Angeles Business Code) was modified_ to include strict controls on nudity (see discussion infra) . y A variety of Council motions;. were; made to control other types of .II "adult entertainment" such as'. arcades,_ massage parlors, and newsracks . Many of these were initiated due to substantial citizen complaints, and some: resulted in final' ordinances . (See Table:. II:I pages' 19a to 19d. ) • a i • 2 In Re Maki 56' CA 2d. 6.35 , 1943.. . i3 eection 27 ..03.1 Los- Angeles Municipal Code, 1938. 4 Lancaster v Municipal Court_ 6' C. 3d. 805, 1972. • 18— I I Beginning in 1974, several Council motions were made generai �y j'' calling for an investigation and preparation of an ordinance i regulating adult theaters and bookstores . The advice of the City Attorney was sought-, and at the suggestion of that Office, action was delayed pending the Supreme Court decision regarding the Detroit Ordinance. That decision was handed down in June of 1976 . On July 13, 1976 , a Council 'motion was introduced by 1 Councilman Wilkinson requesting a study of concentrations of adult entertainment similar to that of Detroit . '! Table: III provides a- generalized summary. .of the major Council files and actions relating to adult entertainment . 11 While., not. part of this study, a. recently enacted ordir,anc - controlling on-site sale of alcoholic beverages should b):: , i� recognized as an attempt to control another adult-type use . Effective March 1 1977 ,. . the. Los Angeles Muncipai Code ' a; amended to require a conditional- use permit for the on-site slc ': of alcoholic beverages. (Council . File. No . 70-200 , City Plan ' Case No. 22878) . Although aimed at the regulation of !ij anti -social activities. in all establishments serving alcoholic beverages , the subject ordinance would ; of course, also have a ,, . "spillover" ' effect. with regard to those businesses, which have , aoult entertainment as well as alcoholic beverages . • Generally, the. ordinance would, in all cases , require issuanc : ,j of a conditional use permit for any business selling alcoholic 1' beverages for on-site consumption , rather than the previous practice of permitting them 'as a matter of right in certain zones . The advantage of the new procedure is that as a prerequisite of approval of an individual- application; there . II must be a public hearing to determine whether the proposed use will have a detrimental effect upon nearby' properties and the neighborhood in which it is being. proposed... In the long run, the ordinance may prove to be an effective device to- regulate !` uses (dispensing alcoholic beverages) which tend, to have a �I deteriorating effect on an area., some of which may, coinci - dentally, also' be: adult: entertainment businesses .. . ' • • . ! ,i TABLE III CITY COUNCIL FILES RELATING TO ADULT ENTERTAINMENT . DATE FILE NO. SPONSORS RECOMMENDATION DISPOSITION /23/70 North Hollywood That topless and bottomless bars . Disapproved by the Planninc_ Chamber of. and pornographic film and literature Commission. • • . Commerce be confined to the M-3 zone. /71 . C.F. 72-374' Councilman Effort to control bath or massage ' Introduction of AB 823 Snyder parlors by modifying the definition modifying the. definition of • of "physical therapy" in state law. physical therapy - Died in • • And, City support for legislation. Committee November 1972. that would make Physical Therapists, • • Chiropractors responsible for activities in their offices and ' prohibit treatment by unlicensed assistants unless the license • holder -is in the room. • Recommend modification of Board of State Board of Chiropractic . Chiropractors Rules and Regulations. Examiners adopted -"Board Rule 316" which makes chiropractors responsible . for the conduct of employe( in their place of practice, and specifically prohibits • sexual acts or -erotic behavior involving patient:: patrons or customers. • • • - - ------ - 19-a . • TABLE III (cont'd.) . DATE . FILE NO. SPONSORS RECOMMENDATION DISPOSITION 2/74 C.F. 72-374 Stevenson and Study of the need and feasibility of 1/9/75 Board of Police. 4-1 Wilkinson regulating hours of operation, mini- Commissioners approved ordi- S-2 mum requirement for practitioners ,- nance and adopted agreement and health and safety conditions in with County to provide massage parlors. inspection of massage parlors. • • . • • • • i - 19-b - . TABLE III (cont'd. ) _ ATE FILE NO. SPONSOR RECOMMENDATION DISPOSITION 18/74 C.F. 74-4521 Snyder, Robert Provide by Ordinance that permits may. Police and Fire and Civil Stevenson, . not be granted to operate motion Defense Committee referred Ferraro . H picture theaters which show "adult" prepared ordinance to : films or bookstores which sell printed Planning Committee. , ' . material which may .not •be sold to minors at locations which -are within 1,500 feet of the nearest .school, playground or church. . 1/75 C.F. 74-1969 Police permit requirement for arcades ' Regulation. subbsequently becomes effective. . Regulates 5 or found unconstitutional, by. • more coin or slug operated machines, the Appellate Department • • Revocation for non-compliance with of Superior Court, L.A. . health, zoning, fire requirements, • County. - obscenity convictions. Regulates hours of operation. 7/76 . - City Planning Planning Department report to City No action taken. Commission Planning Commission, at their request, regarding proposed regulation of . massage parlors and adult bookstores in Los Angeles. 1/76 C.F. 73-374 Council adopts ordinance requiring Ordinance now in effect. S-lA permits to operate a massage busi- ness, act as a massage technician . and gives a massage for compensation . effective 4/17/76. t3/76 C.F.• 74-4521 Wilkinson and Require public hearings- prior to open- Referred to Police, Fire S-2 Stevenson ing of an adult bookstore which has and .Civil Defense. for sale sexually explicit material; limit the hours of operation. • — —_ • - 19-c - TABLE III (cont'd. ) • DATE FILE NO. SPONSOR •RECOMMENDATION DISPOSITION /25/76 C.F. 74-4521 Wilkinson, Gibson, Request City Attorney to draft Referred to Police, Fire Nowell, Braude, _ an ordinance following Young vs. ' and Civil Defense Commit Russell, Wachs, American Mini Theaters guide tees. Stevenson, Bernardi, es. ' Farrell, Lorenzen - • /28/76 C.F. 74-4521 Stevenson, Wachs Preparation of zoning ordinance Referred to Police, Fire to prohibit sexual scam joints, and Civil Defense Commit adult bookstores and theaters, tees. nude live entertainment within 500' from a private dwelling, church, school, public building, park or recreation center, of within 1000' of each other, to • be retroactive, priority to the oldest establishments. /13/76 C.F. 74-4521 Wilkinson Instruct the City Planning Consolidation of above • Department to prepare a report cases. After approval c to the City Council regarding full Council assigned to the extent of any possible Planning Department with degradation of neighborhoods the cooperation of other in Los Angeles due to concen- involved agencies. • tration of adult entertainment establishments. /15/77 C.F. 74-1969 Police, Fire and Civil Defense Adopted by full Council. Committee recommendation to amend Sections 103. 101, 103. 101. 1 of the Municipal Code - (A • revised ordinance to regulate • arcades) . • /5/77 C.F. 77-860 File not available Support state legislation pro- S-49 for review. viding specific penalties for use of minors for pornography. /11/77 C.F. 77-1997 File not. available Regarding prostitution enforce- for review. ment laws. - _ --- - -- IV .• . • METHODOLOGY AND ANALYSIS Methodology In complying with the City Council ' s instructions , the Department. has utilized various available data sources , including . property assessment data, U. S . Census data, and- obtained other information germane to the subject in an effort to determine, on an empirical basis, the effects ( if any) of adult entertainment facilities on surrounding business and other properties . The. Department also reviewed sales data of commercial and residential property in areas containing concentrations of adult entertainment businesses and in "control areas" containing no such concentrations . The staff also attempted to secure information on the sales volume of commmercial properties , but was unable to obtain this information . It should be emphasized that , in conducting this study, every effort was made by the 'Department to preclude .the introduction of subjec- tive judgment or other bias , except where the opinions of other individuals or groups were specifically solicited . * It was the Department ' s intent to base any conclusions entirely 'on relevant data and other factual information which became available during the course of conducting the study. The procedure employed by the Department in conducting this study involved the following areas of emphasis : 1. A. measure 'of the change from 1970-76 in assessed "market value" of land and improvements for the property occupied j! by and within an appropriate radius of five known ;i "clusters" (nodes ) of "adult entertainment" businesses . An identical, measure of four "control areas" without concentrations of adult entertainment businesses was also made to determine i'f a- "s'ignificant difference in " the rate of change._ in' assessment values occurred in such areas. . between 1.970. and. 1976 . Comparison's were also made with the entire community in which the concentration nodes were I' located. a'.- Any analysis of responses received- from a mail survey questionnaire conducted by the Planning Department;• * Expert opinions- were requested- from real tors', realty boards, appraisers and lenders through letters and questionnaires . The. Department also sent letters to local members of the American Sociological- Association requesting their assistance in this study. „ Their replies were limited in number and not. significant in terms of this. study. • " 3 . . Review of available data from the U . S . censuses of 1960 and 1970, including the results of . a "cluster analysis" and ' description of Hollywood based on such analysis prepared by the City' s Community Analysis. Bureau ; �� written testimonyobtained at two ' 4. An analysis s of. verbal and � public meetings. on this subject conducted on April 27 and ! 28, 1.977 by representatives' of the City Planning Commission ; it 5 . A review of various- approaches to the regulation of "adult entertainment" businesses'; including legislation enacted by '1 other' jurisdictions;: tl I 6 . An analysis of alternate forms of control , including '11 existing Municipal Code provisions relative to this general subject.; .1 7 . A discussion of earlier . efforts of the City . to. - control II adult entertainment. in Los Angeles ; and 11 8 . A presentation of the Los Angeles City Police Department ' s report dealing with crime statistics and their relation to li "adult entertainment" businesses in Hollywood . • - 9 . The actual " last sales price" of commercial and . residential properties in.. areas containing concentrations of "adult ;I entertainment" businesses were compared with the assessed 0 values of property in such areas . The results were then ,1 compared with " control areas" containing no concentration of such businesses . ( It was found that the actual sales . prices tended to parallel assessed values and that in other I, cases the comparison was inconclusive.. No further discussion of this aspect of the study is contained herein . ) �' 10. In an' attempt to determine' -any possible effects of "adult. �� entertainment establishments" on business sales volume, . the ' Department- reviewed sales data :from ' a ' Dun and Bradstreet i' computer tape file f'or the years 197'0 . and 1976 . However,. I' this, source of date could- not be used since it did not. co.nt:aim directly comparable information for the .t.wo years indicated. (A substantial change in ..th'e number of member I! firms; listed apparently occurred. after 1970. ) In addition, the.: Department requested sales information from the City ji Clerk ' s_ Business:- License File. The City Clerk advised' that the: generation of the. information . requested' . would require I, 100 man-days of work; consequently their information could not be .obta'i.ned within the time constraints for completion of the: study. o II I, I: 1 Items 5 ,. 6 , and 7-, above, are- the subject. of Section - III of this i1 ' report,. entitled. "Methods Currently Used to Regulate Adult ;1 Entertainment_ Business " . The Police . Department ' s report is ! il discussed herein as Section V. The Planning Department ' s analysis of topics. 1. through 4 is described in detail , below. A. CHANGES IN ASSESSED VALUATION BETWEEN 1970-76. IN FIVE- SEPARATE AREAS CONTAINING HIGH CONCENTRATIONS. OF ADULT ENTERTAINMENT BUSINESSES • ;II • In order to determine if there has been a significant change in I assessed property values_ which may have been' influenced by the proliferation of "adult entertainment" businesses , the Department has calculated the change . in _ the assessed value . of I� land and improvements for properties occupied by, and located within,. a 1, 000 to 1, 800 foot radius of known concentrations of ' !' adult entertainment businesses .. Five such areas were selected H for analysis , as described below.. The year 1970 was selected as 1' the base period because of the availability of data for that year , and since that point in time corresponds approximately with the beginning of the proliferation of adult entertainment businesses in Los Angeles . The percentage change in the II assessed "market" value of land and improvements for commercial {' and residential properties was calculated for the 1970 base year and for 1976 . • Similar calculations covering the same time period were also I.' prepared for "control , areas" ( containing no concentration of adult entertainment businesses ) but which were similar , in terms ';d • o.f zoning and land use, or which were located in geographical ' proximity to the study area nodes . Four such control areas were ;� selected.. - 1 1 1 . Study and Control Areas On the basis of field invesigat.ions and other- available ij data, the Department determined that there are five 1I different areas within the.- City suitable fore analysis, each containing a relatively high concentration o.f adult ;. entertainment. establishments . As shown in Exhibits "A" and ,' "B" on the following pages , three of these concentrations (or "nodes"- of activity) are located in Hollywood;- one is j in Studio City; and one is in North •Hollywood . In each. case,- the focal point of the 'area: selected for analysis. was ' the.' intersection of two major streets , with the adult j entertainment businesses located along the commercially 9' • zoned frontage. of one or both of the streets. forming the intersection . In four\ of the five areas selected, li residentially zoned and developed properties are situated j not farther than one-half block from the commercially-zoned. • . frontage. (One. node in Hollywood is entirely surrounded by ' commercial properties . ) d I i -22 "II :00:4,10:4444\1/105444\,, .EXHIBIT_A 0 (ADULT ENTERTAIN_ MIENT STUDYI y1� '� Y CENSUS TRACTS —�icol ,HOLLYWOOO_ AREAI , ., :..: a i ! Franklin Ave. ,, . : . . ' • .....,, .. . • • Nap-,..,,-,.07.,•,,:6,....,•:-:0;i.- 902! .! ,:: .:.,.. 1903 01 fExiiii:.,.,•,:o.,,:..\,.:. '' ,•%' ' .r+:1'IO•Ih/WOOd Blvd ✓///� •.:V • */,,e'/' •F;.;:.:.•:qi..,.gier.i'...... ..iii7.'.q.q..il M I�,.�'... .�.,+" 907/ / /// •,.,. i. 1912.01 s�, oftb ! // /////� .:: .:•�'' O D, aii '/%%%%///// Sunset Blvd. s�PB/ c so ci • ti • ic Fountain Ave. Fountain Ave. _� 190� ' Ii 1909 '3 191 I 1913 Santa Monica Blvd ' // "� !%/ +•.`. . — /// / %•, 'ire,:..,- . • A�Ps� 1917 :. E. 19I5 1914 N: • ® z; oo ,Z. , .. • , Melrose Ave. _ yti: r , .cs • • • S ii�ii"-• S4 .', - N MASSAGE i'Ai-2LOR8• i/�%j• j j _. - - CENTRAL CITYI _ .,�// /j ARE•A• •S•OR CONCENTRATION 207: 'BOOKSTOt2ES/ARCADES i // / • A 'THEATERS; %/j//.//j✓ ' * ;ADULT MOTELS' ''////// /i O 1000 2 OOFfr ^ :4! ') 'CONTROL AREAS: . Magnolia Blvd. ' 1 r1 Im • raj / 55 i / ••EXH 1R1T B• i,//• "�/////��////�� //, /, ADULT ENTERTAINMENT STU_dY; ///• / /�, • : BY CENSUS TRACTSI _ • • �� r ,/'ji NORTH HOLLYWOOD-STUDIO CITY AREAi ��,fr%i,/. �‘�0., —--- .._ ////�/ s 1Ventura Frwy.: 1 Moorpark St I ,(4 o-'„. j?4,ii: •„ �r 1432 ;::t;-, ,.:ik;� II O ;. [3;yr��[.F, ill:�ri:: ..< C V Valleysprin Ln.Io. ;k s',': .:i':::..?, '.::-isr;'=•''.`i' it; ra I Acama St• n:: 146, 2 ' • \-1:::/.115iin—aii:::/././1/4". ' /, /////// 4, 01 I L-A. City Boundary`'• '///////// ////''' ,;/ zz /. GA. BntU��ejNd. ///%//�///%%' '/� '. (MASSAGE PARLORS . ////// /////////\ ;BOOKSTORES/ARCADES �L /// /// /////0. /// // // •OI . (THEATERS i •0 / //1438.02 . * (ADULT MOTELSFidgm , L • auri !uriePI �/• , • p j��j jam. �AREAB OF CONCENTRATION • Q 1000 21000 F /%/ • `r%; :..'` ': ::: .:' ,i,,V.i. (CONTROL AREAS Although Main Street in downtown Los Angeles contains a relatively high concentration of sex-oriented businesses (primarily theaters, arcades and bookstores) , this area was not selected for analysis since no residential properties are located in proximity thereto. In addition, Main Street • has traditionally contained burlesque theaters, arcades, bars and similar types of establishments, and there has , been no significant change in this generalized pattern of land use during the past ten years. In the Hollywood area, the fecal points of concentration are at the following three intersections: Santa Monica Boulevard and. , Western Avenue (containing 12 such businesses) ; Hollywood Boulevard and Western Avenue (9 such businesses) ; and. Selmna Avenue and Cahauenga Boulevard (containing 7 such businesses) . In Studio City, the focal point is east: of the main intersection of Tujunga Avenue and Vineland Avenue (at Eureka Drive) which contains six adult entertainment businesses; and in North Hollywood the focus of concentration is at Lankershim Boulevard and Vineland Avenue (containing 4 such businesses) In the Hollywood arez, property within an approximate 1,000-foot radius of the above named intesections was included for purposes of analysis. In Studio City it was appropriate to include those properties situated within an approximate 1,500 foot radius of the intersection of Eureka Drive; in North Hollywood, property within an approximate 1,500 foot radius of the intersection of Lankershim Boulevard and Vineland Avenue was selected for analysis. `C II - I As also shown in Exhibit. "A" , three separate "control areas" were established in Hollywood, each originating at the intersection of two major streets and also encompassing all property within an approximate 1, 000-foot radius of the street intersection . Control areas were established at: Santa Monica Boulevard and Vermont Avenue; Hollywood Boulevard and Highland Avenue ; and Hollywood Boulevard and -Gower Street. In the San Fernando Valley, Exhibit. "B" indicates one 'control area, centered at the intersection of Lankershim. Boulevard and. Whipple Street, and encompassing property within a radius of approximately 1,500 feet of . that intesection, relates to the two nodes of concentration in- Studio City and North Hollywood . None of the control areas has adult entertainment businesses within its ' boundaries , with the exception of the area surrounding the intersection of Hollywood Boulevard and Gower Street which. contains one such business . Table IV, indicates the percentage change in assessed land and improvement value from July 1970 to July 1976 for the commercial and residential property encompassed by the applicable radius surrounding each of the five nodes of • concentration, together with their corresponding control areas . For purposes of comparison , the same data is shown for the entire City and for the Community within which the study areas are located . Since concentrations of adult entertainment businesses could have a particular effect on the value of other business properties in an area, a separate tabulation is also shown for only commercial ) zoned land within each study and control . area. (Table IV-A. ) As indicated in Table IV, the 1970-76 percentage change in total assessed "market" valuation -of commercially and residentially zoned ; property ( land plus improvements) • increased in all three areas . in Hollywood., containing concentrations of adult entertainment businesses . However,. there was some variance in the magnitude .of the increase.. Changes in the three study area nodes. were 2 . 79, 8 . 71,. and 3.41: percent; compared with increases in the. --three corresponding, control area of . 12 . 53,. 1. 94,. and . 5 .09 percent,, respectively.. The, study area node located , at Santa Monica Boulevard and Western Avenue: increased by 2. 79 percent, compared with a substantially greater increase of 12 . 53 percent in the "control area" associated with that node. Total assessed value within the study area surrounding the intersection of Selma Avenue. and Cahuenga Boulevard increased by 3 .41 percent while the: associated control area increased by the slightly greater amount of 5 .09 percent.. In , direc.t contrast to this pattern, however, the Hollywood and Western node registered an 8. 71 percent increase, while its corresponding control area increased by only 1 .94 percent.. . 1 • :•,71 - . . - . . TABLE IV , • • -• • , . . , '. . 1970-76 Changes in Assessed Valuation of Commercial and Residential Land and Improvements . .,.._ . . . , for Five Areas Containing Concentration of Adult Entertainment Businesses, as Compared „- -••••. :. . . • ••,--- '• • With "Control" Areas, Surrounding Community, and City of Los Angles. . .;:,..: . . - . - " ' ' • . • Property Within Approximate 1,000 to - No. of Entertainment ' Percentage Change in Assessed . •' . 3., 800 Foot Radius of Intersection of -. ' "Sites" . Valuation 1970-76 Streets Shown: 1969-70 June 1977 " Land Improvements Total . . . o . • • , ,, •, Santa Monica Boulevard and Western .- - 6 :12 -0.22 5.81 2.79 2-. . ., - Avenue (Hollywood) •• • . . . . . , ' . . Santa Monica Boulevard and Vermont N.A. ' 0 - -4.84 32.66 12.53 • H Avenue (Hollywood Control Area) - S . • •••-. .• . • , . . . Hollywood Boulevard and Western ' 6 9 3.51 - • 13.41 8..71 •-• ' Avenue (Hollywood) ' - . • . .. -. . • f Hollywood Boulevard and Highland • -. . : N.A. 0 • : ' -19.32 • . -7.81 1.94 Avenue (Hollywood Control Area) . - . . . . . • . : Selma Avenue and Cahuenga 4 7 21.12 .,14.54 3.41 Boulevard (Hollywood) . • Hollywood Boulevard and Gower . . N.A. 1 • 17.76 -0.61 5.09 • Street (Hollywood Control Area) • • Hollywood Community N.A. 31 21.20 32. 72 27.00 City of Los Angeles ' N.A. N.A. 35.08 38.92 37.15 . . • • . . . - Tujunga Avenue and Ventura v1 . 6 67.11 63.10 64.93 Boulevard (Studio City) . . Lankershim Boulevard and Vineland 2 . 4 • 15. 88 9.65 • 12.61 Avenue (North Hollywood) !-- • . • . - 24-a - . . • . • • _TABLE IV (cont'd.) Property Within Approkimate 1,000 to No. of Entertainment Percentage Change in Assessed 1, 800 FoOt Radius of Intersection of :• "Sites" • Valuation 1970-76 Streets Shown: ' 1969,-70 June 1977 Land Improvements Total . Lankershim Boulevard and Whipple . ' N.A. 0 • 62.28 27.66 42.76 .• Street (Valley Control Area) Sherman Oaks-Studio City N.A. • 10 69.25 , 60.44 ' 64.33 Community • . North Hollywood Community N.A. 5 28,59 33.15 31.07 City' of Los Angeles •. N.A. 212 35.08 38.92 37.15 • • • . . • • • - 24-b - TABLE IV-A 4 , 1970-76 Changes in Assessed Valuation of Commercially Zoned Land and Improvements for Five Areas .Containing -Concentration of Adult Entertainment Businesses -as Compared With Commercially Zoned Land in ,"Control Areas" , Surrounding Community, and City of Los Angeles. , ' • Property Within Approximate 1,000 to. • ' No. of . Entertainment Percentage Change .in Assessed . - 1,800 Foot'Radius of Intersection. of • ' "Sites" Valuation 1970-76 Streets Shown: ' 1969-70 June. 1977 Land Improvements : Total •' Santa Monica Boulevard and Western ' . 6 12 • . ' • • -0.47 . ' 8.53 3.4 • Avenue (Hollywood) - • . . '.: Santa Monica Boulevard and Vermont ' . N.A. 0 . -12.53 4.13 . -6.38 - _ Avenue (Hollywood Control Area) , • Hollywood Boulevard and Western • ' H • . 6 . 9 -2.52 ' . -0.45 -1.77 Avenue (Hollywood) Hollywood Boulevard and Highland , N.A. 0 25,01 ' -11. 19 4.06 Avenue (Hollywood Control Area) • . Selma Avenue and Ca)iuenga 4 7 21.93 -18.79 0.54 Boulevard "Hollywood) Hollywood Boulevard and Gower N.A. 0 - 17.07 _ -17.22 1.09 _ Street (Hollywood Control Area) - Hollywood Community • N.A. 31, 13.43 • -1.51 6.70 City of Los Angeles N.A. 212 _ 12.27 . 13.52 . 12.93 Tujunga Avenue and Ventura-' . 1 6 19.24 25.83 21.9 Boulevard (Studio City) , . . . . Lankershim Boulevard and Vineland . 2 4 -0.76 3.91 • 1.92 • Avenue (North Hollywood) TABLE IV-A (cont'd. ) • Property Within Approximate 1,000 to • No. of Entertainment Percentage Change in Assessed- 1,800 Foot Radius of Intersection of "Sites" Valuation 1970-76 ;'. Streets Shown: 1969-76 June 1977 Land Improvements Total- • Lankershim Boulevard and Whipple N.A. • 0 02.28 -6.35 27.16 - Street (Valley Control Area) • - . • Studio City Community N.A. 10 30.95 13.01 . 22.02 North Hollywood Community N.A. 5 2.74 7.56 5. 21 City of Los Angeles N.A. 212 12.27 ' 13.52 12.93 • Sources/Notes - Tables IV . and IV-A: Actual assessment data from which percentage changes in Tables IV and IV-A were derived is shown in Appendix A. Assessment data was obtained from the City' s Land Use Planning and Management System (LUPAMS) computer file. Data is as of July 1 for years shown. "Entertainment Site means adult theatre, arcade, massage parlor, nude dancing establishment or similar use, Number of "entertainment sites" for 1969-70 was obtained from L. A. Police Department; for June 1977 from L. A. Police Department and L. A. City Planning Department. N.A. means not available. Property included within areas described is shown in Exhibits A and B. • • • • - 24-d1 - - , ` . The. percentage. increase in assessed values within the three ' study areas, .as well as the control area's , was considerably less in each case than percentage gains registered by the Hollywood Community or the City as a-whole. In :the case. of- the. study area nodes . located in the San Fernando Valley, the pattern appears to be somewhat more spurious.. The study area node containing adult ' entertainment businesses located in Studio. City (centered. east of the intersection of Tujunga Avenue • and . Ventura Boulevard) increased by , 64. 933 percent---the ' largest increase of any of the areas_ analyzed.. In direct contrast, the - "adu.lt entertainment node" located at. Lanker.shim . Boulevard and: Vineland Avenue increased by only 12 . 61 percent.. . The . one "control area" associated. with these two San Fernando • , Valley nodes increased by 42.16. percent -- a substantially greater gain than the North Hollywood node_ but 22 percent less. than the- Studio City node. (Whether the sharp . percentage increase shown for the Studio City node was the direct result of a recent reassessment . cannot be readily - determined. ) • The increase in assessed value within the Studio City study . area was virtually the same as that. of the entire Sherman ' Oaks-Studio City Community but almost twice the percentage gain for commercial and residential properties . in the . entire City. The North Hollywood study area increased by a considerably. lower percentage than the North Hollywood Community and the City as a whole . . With regard to commercial properties considered separately, , Table IV-A reveals that the percentage change in assessed values of land" and . improvements combined was . generally . lower in all study areas than in their corresponding control areas .. One. notable exception , however,, is the Santa: Monica Boulevard , and Western Avenue node which . . increased -by 3.4-percent ; while. its corresponding . control . area: (Santa Monica and Vermont) decreased by 6 . 38 percent... • ' rn Hollywood the• change" in assessed values of- all study and - control ' areas was . less than' in the ' entire Hollywood Community. In the San Fernando Valley the two study areas . . both• increased- less. than the. entire communities within '' - 1. H . which they are situated. . 2... Conclusion Changes in- Assessed Valuation On- the basis. of- theforegoing. there. would. seem to be some • basis to conclude that. the assessed valuation of property within: the study areas containing concentrations of adult. 4 , entertainment businesses have generally tended to increase to' lesser degree than similar areas. . without such concentrations . However, in the staff ' s opinion there • . would 'appear to be insufficient evidence to support. the contention that concentrations -of sex-oriented businesses. . have: been the primary cause of- these patterns of change in • '. -25- . assessed valuations between 1970 and 1976 . However, responses to the Department ' s mail questionnaires from real estate representatives and appraisers have indicated that in their opinion, concentrations of adult entertainment . businesses have, in some cases , had a direct negative impact on property values.. • • • -26- I B. ' PUBLIC MEETINGS II Two public meetings were conducted by representatives of the City Planning Commission in order to receive citizen input regarding the effects', if any, of concentrations of "adult {1 entertainment" establishments on nearby properties and i surrounding neighborhoods . Notice of the hearings was published ;I in. local ' newspapers , aired on radio, mailed to owners of 1 commercial and multiple residential property within 500 ft . , radius of the: study areas'. and also to persons who had previously responded to. the. Department' s questionnaire. The first meeting was held in Hollywood on April 27, 1977 at Le Conte Junior High School. The second meeting was conducted in Northridge on April 28 , 1977 at Northridge Junior High School . ,I Both meetings were conducted by Planning. Commission President Suzette Neiman and Planning Commissioner Daniel Garcia, with 'II Deputy City Attorney Chris Funk also in attendance. Is II Questionnaires were available at the , meetings for the ' convenience of those wishing to submit their comments in writing . Mrr . Attendance was approximately 200 persons at the Hollywood _ meeting and 300 persons at the Northridge meeting . A combined total of 60, persons addressed the Commission . The following is ,� a summary of the comments received by the Commission . (Tape recordings of the hearings are available for review under City Plan Case Number 25475 , in the Planning Commission Office, Room ,, 561-K, Los Angeles , City Hall , telephone ( 213 ) 485-5071 . ) I The most prevalent type of comment at the Hollywood . meeting was an expression of fear of walking in areas where "adult entertainment" and related business ' are concentrated. ' This concern was expressed both by parents, reluctant to allow their children to be exposed to offensive signs and wares , and by ,�, women: and elderly persons who' feared. walking 'in the. areas . either in the day or evening , because of the incidence of crime in the II area. Specific instances, of solicitation and other- crimes were I' recited. Some: proprietors' testified that: they felt their businesses have suffered, due to fear on the part of their j' customers_.. Other common Statements. concerned :- - 'Physical or economic deterioration of the area • resulting from the influx of adult. businesses . ' An increase in street. crime. F' - Offensive signs and.. displays. ▪ A need to use 'existing enforcement tools , such as. "red- , light abatement" to control - "adult entertainment" businesses. . ' • • -2.7- • - .Representatives, of La Cienega . art gallery proprietors • expressed concern over the recent ' establishment. of an adult theater in the area and its incompatibility with gallery use.. • A. representative of the "Pussycat Theaters " organization informed the Commission that a survey taken ' by the theater operators indicated that the majority of patrons were middle class , that most were registered voters , and that many were married and had college educations . It was stated that . a large number of the patrons were, found to reside within a few miles of their theaters. The representative of this. theater chain expressed concern at: the " lumping" o.f , all adult entertainment businesses into one classification . He felt that in terms of aesthetics , clientele, and effect upon th'e neighborhood , the theaters were not in the same classification as some other types of adult businesses . (The Commission requested the written documentation of the survey; however, it has not .been received to date. )- Several speakers at the Northridge meeting expressed concern that the City even felt it needed to request their opinion on such a subject . They felt that their displeasure over the distribution and display of pornographic materials should be obvious. Citizens also indicated how they had been responsible for the closing of certain establishments tn the San Fernando Valley by picketing and other means . Some speakers indicated that they were disturbed by the availability and display of obscene material in drug stores and supermarkets . The following is a summary listing of specific ,relevant comments from the two meetings : Hollywood Meeting (April 27 , 1.977 ) • It was alleged that organized crime is . in the sex service business- and.. that this. is a. $64 million local business . - Hollywood and particularly Hollywood Boulevard. was once. a cultural. 'center ; now there is a different class of people. This is & degeneration of Hollywood and' Hollywood Boulevard. ' Hollywood,In due to fear for safety, people walk around in I' groups , not alone or as ,couples ._ Zoning is. not the ultimate. response to obscenity: there , are • public nuisance. laws , red: light abatement statutes , etc . There was concern about the effects on children ; parents in Hollywood indicated- that they did, not allow their children to. walk unescorted : there are. too many muggings and attacks . • - There are- problems 'brought on by the changing population of • • the area:. street fights, acts. of mischief and. minor , property damages have resulted. -28- . • , -- • Several, persons indicated that _they hod not walked in the area for years due to muggings, solicitations, etc. - The City should make greater use of the Red Light Abatement Law._ - A homeowners' association representative talked cf being I accosted by a girl on Hollywood Boulevard; that crime was a ;l "fall-out" of adult entertainment; and that this was a mecca for crimes, such as burglary, muggings, thefts, 'and the like.. . - Some persons were personally offended, and states that the 1 sex.: businesses have affected residents economically and. aesthetically. I - Art. Dealers (fine art dealers; antique businesses operators; proprietors of: legitimate book stores) on La Cienega Boulevard were concerned over the proliferation of adult entertainment businesses; there are vacant stores in 1 th-is area that they fear may go into use for adult entertainment business. They are concerned that La Cierega will no longer be a cu3tura1 center . 1 s - Representatives of the Screen Actor ' s Guild and Actor' s Equity indicated they had demonstrated against an adult bookstore and appealed to the entertainment industry to help with this problem. - - A representative of the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce indicated there had been A0 or 70 surveys of the area, but ' lack of City support.. He said the City should modify its II. C4 Zone reguiatj'cns and e7 '_mi.nate movie arcades. ;; A Studio City reactor indicated he had sent 11,000 replicas of: the Planning .Department's questionnaires (under his. :1 letterhead) to residents of Studio City. He indicated there 'were '6 ad'u? t. 'motels near Universal. Studios and that. 11 more were coming.. , . it - A. former non-adult material bookstore owner in: Hollywood 1 (past tenant of; ' zocation picketed. on April 26, 1977) indicated that when his building was sold, his rent doubled; that other tenants" got three day notices - (to move , out) ,• that, everybody was: getting out--he claimed something i ' was. going_ on in that block.. He. also ; indicated . that. radio �I station KFWB• had moved from the area._ I. - . I.t:.was indicated that KFWB moved because women employees were. afraid. It was also stated that a. restaurant in that building went out- of business.... 1 -29- i' = II - A local minister indicated concern for the elderly, and that children from 4 to 7 years old cannot ride their bikes without being accosted ; he also indicated there had been 23 arrests for prostitution near a local elementary school ; he I' further stated that residents have to go to other areas to �. shop. - A representative of a 'Focal synagogue stated that the I' elderly were afraid to walk to religious services and that - car pooling had been established. 1 - A representative of the Hollywood Businessmen ' s Association advised- that 50 percent of the sex crimes reported ( in the: City) were in the. Hollywood area; that since the Police have closed some sex establishments crime has dropped; that adult_ entertainment businesses have contributed to a deteriorating condition in Hollywood ; that there is a 100. percent turnover in school attendance ;. that the business license ordinance should be modified to require an environmental impact report and proper sign controls for • new establishments and that notice should be given to persons within one-half mile; he also reiterated that traditional businesses were leaving the area. - It was indicated that property values had gone down; Vine and Selma was valued at $12. 50 per sq . ft . years ago, but recently it was worth only $8 . 50 per sq. ft . Northridge Meeting (April. 28 , 1977) - A representative of the North Hollywood Chamber of Commerce indicated: that adult entertainment businesses were an economic and social blight; that the Police Commission was no help;., that they had proposed the M3 Zone for these uses ; that we., need, more police and should make greater use of red light -..abatement; that'. the. Alcoholic. Beverage Control Department should do more. - Claims were made that., the Pussycat. Theater in North Hollywood ' was a dangerous environment to women and. ' children ; that in the recent past teenage girls had been accosted and a woman had been attacked and had to" jump from a car.. I • A beauty shop owner near a Pussycat: Theater indicated she no- longer stayed open in the: evening, because her customers were afraid.. - Adult entertainment: businesses should be required to , rent; space in "Cl-ass. A" buildings. - Various persons objected to newsracks , obscene material , problems of congestion and ingress- and egress .• -30 I The Miller vs . California court case was discussed : it was i . contended that this case established that "a community can set. its own standards" . - Questions were. posed :as to whether economic . and financial impact should 'be facts- needed to develop an ordinance to control adult entertainment . - - Claims were made that adult entertainment business bring - ' crimes, and violence to the .area,.. 1 1 A speaker stated that both the Boston and the Detroit ordinances are unacceptable. "You cannot ccntrol pornography by zoning."-, and opposition to the zoning approach to obscenity was expressed. "California is the pornographic.- capital ofthe world . " - .1 . - People are. offended by pornographic material in department stores , drug stores , supermarkets , etc . , The , recent Los ,1 Angeles County newsrack ordinance was discussed. - One person posed the question "why don 't we have an Environmental Impact Report for pornographic businesses?" - Church representatives and a teacher at the Christian School wereconcerned about their ' members and children 11 being exposed to pornographic advertising displayed at the Lankershim Theater and Pussycat Theater . They are afraid to let their children out on the streets . - It was ' stated that "we should use civil , public nuisance and red light abatement to control adult entertainment .1 businesses . " '• Conclusion ' ' . • ' . _ . H! Insummary, the/ overwhelming majority of speakers felt that the ;1 concentration of "adult.. entertainment." businesses in their neighborhood was detrimental , either physically by creating 1 blight.. or economically by: decreasing• patronage of traditional businesses;. o.r• socially by attracting crime. As a result . of increased crime, nearby. residents have become fearful• and have a been- forced to constrain their customary living habits in the communi t.y..- - • Although. the. testimony obtained at the public hearings would - from a; subjective point. of view, substantiate ' the. conclusion that. "adult. entertainment" businesses 'have a deleterious effect on the surrounding- community, the staff is of' the opinion that legitimate. questions may have been posed by. the Pussycat Theater representative regarding. a single classification for all "adult entertainment." uses . There would appear to be .some H' basis: to support the contention that certain ' types. of such uses are more: "objectionable- than. others., and than negative. effects- . o'f a particular. type ,o.f business. might be minimized, depending j on how the. business. is. operated and advertised, . C. SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE CONDUCTED BY DEPARTMENT OF CITY PLANNING 1 .. Description of Survey In order to determine additional factual data relating to the subject, and to seek .the comments and opinions of j, property owners , , businessmen, realtors , real estate boards, i' real estate appraisers, representatives of banks , Chambers of Commerce, and others , the Department conducted a mail survey. Two questionnaires were.. developed . One was designed primarily for businessmen and residential property ' owners and is hereinafter referred to as the General Questionnaire . The second was designed for realtors , real estate appraisers and lenders and is hereinafter referred to as the Appraiser Questionnaire. A copy of the two questionnaires is contained in the Appendix . The completed questionnaires , together with other letters relative to this subject, are on file in Room '5:10, Los Angeles City Hall . The General Questionnaire was mailed to all property owners l (of other than property in single--family use) within a 500-foot radius of each of the five study 'areas . The . '' !7! questionnaire was also distributed to various community groups ( including local and area Chambers of Commerce) and ;1 ' at the public meeting 'in Hollywood and in Northridge. The Appraiser Questionnaire was mailed to all members of the American Institute of Real Estate Appraisers having a Los Angeles City address and to members of the California Association of Realtors whose office is located in the vicinity of the study areas . -- ; Each of the two questionnaires contained spaces for a respondent to check answers to a series of questions relating to the overall effect ( if any) of adult entertainment establishments on nearby properties . It 1 should be-- - emphasized that the. Department intentionally structured the "objective: response" portion of the questionnaires so as to reduce. "bias" and to solicit. the I, maximum range of responses to any specific: question . For. example, a respondent could check "positive" , "negative" or = "no effect." in response to the question. ... "What overall effect do you feel that adult entertainment establish'•- ments. have on a neighborhood?" In addition to the direct response portion of th'e questionnaire, information of a more subjective nature was !' . also solicited. For example, after each question, space was provided for a respondent' to list any comments or -;. examples which might. -pertain to a specific question . The beginning of each questionnaire also invited the respondent I' to write comments in the space provided or on a separate ' - '::. sheet. - it .Between—February 10 and . April 30 , 1977 , a total of approxi - mately 4,000 questionnaires were mailed (with return en•ve•l.opes- provided) or otherwise distributed to. businessmen, real. . -estate appraisers . real tars ;, representatives of banks and savings and loan institutions , the owners of multiple-_unit residential ,property, .and others:. Of. this -nu•mber., .694 questionnatres were completed and returned to the . Department ( an overall 17 .4 percent rate- of return) . • In- addition, the Department received -• 1.97 non-solic.'.ted, complete.d...quest.ionnaires from property owners in Studio C.i-t.y_. These questionnaires- were distributed in a private. ma.iltng. .by a private . individual . The subject mailing included a replica of the Department ' s appraiser - ..questionnaire t.o.get.her -with written material alleging City intent to create an ' adu i t enterta i nm•ent_• zone in Studio City (copy -included as Appendix D-2 ) . According to the subject individual ' s testimony at the public• hearing on April 27 , 1977 , •.11 , 000 replica questionnaires were mailed . Due to . the prejudicial nature of the mailing , these questionnaires are not included in the study: However, the staff did tabulate the subject responses and the tabulation and summary are included in- - Appendix . D-3 . All persons responding to the above mailing were sent a memo from the - - -Department , correcting the misinformati.an (copy included . in Appendix D-1 ) . • 2 . Results of Survey Questionnaires - - A tabulation of the responses to the specific questions* solicited in the objective portion in each of the two types of questionnaries is presented below. . A summary of the comments follows: • GENERAL. QUESTIONNAIRE RESPONSES '- Total no. of. responses '. 581 = 16% return . Total no.. of questionnaires '36d0 • Question, 1. What.. overall effect: do you feel . that adult entertainment establishments: . • have: had" on a-. neighborhood.: . Positive • . Negative No effect Effect on the business condition ( sales &. profits) in the area : 43 (7 . 4%) 492(84 . 7%) 36 (6. 2%) Effect on 'homes (value & appearance) in the area immediately adjacent .to . • adult entertainment businesses: 37(6 .9%) 472(81 . 2%) 26(4.5%) : :;, 33 t T Positive Negative No effect Effect on homes (value & 35 (6 .0%) 446 (76.8%) 19(3 .3%) appearance) in the area located 500 feet or more . from adult entertainment businesses? . . 2. Do you believe the 26 (4 .5%) no effect. 305 (52. 5%) decreased establishment of adult property values entertainment facili - 206 (35 .5%) lower rents ties- in the vicinity_ of your business has 275 (47 . 3%) v.acant 13 ( 2. 2%) increased. had any of the businesses property values . following effects? (Please. check all 288 (49 . 6%) tenants 16 ( 2 .8%) lower those effects which moving out taxes you feel have occurred . ) 224 (38 . 6%) complaints 98 ( 16 . 9%) higher from customers taxes 3 ( - ) less crime 489 (84 . 2%) decreased . : business activity 370 ( 63 . 7%) more crime 1 ( -' ) improved 8 ( 1 .4%) increased neighborhood , business appearance 416 ('71 . 6%) deteriorated 312 (53 . 7% ) more neighborhood litter • appearance 8 ( 1 .4%) other . ( please. specify) - - i 3. (Not: applicable for tally. ) 4. Have you seriously considered . . moving your business- elsewhere because of nearby concentrations. of adult entertainment businesses? 167 (28 .7%) Yes 165 (28 .4%) No • 5 . Would; you consider expanding in . your current. location? 83. (14.3%)' Yes. 177 ( 30.5%) No . • 6... What types of adult 410 (70 .6%) adult 179 ( 30 . 8%) nude or entertainment bookstores topless dancing establishments are there in your area 310 (53 . 4%) massage 389 ( 67 .0%) adult (Please check parlors theatres appropriate boxes . ) 190 (32 . 7%) peep shows 240 (41 . 3%) adult motels 237 (.40 . 8%) bars with X-rated entertainment- 1 3 other sex shops How far from your business is the nearest adult entertainment establishment? ( Not tabulated due to limited response . ) 1 II • - 3S - r '1 Responses to the foregoing g g questions reveal that adult entertainment businesses are perceived by the majority of respondents as exerting a. negative impact on surrounding businesses - , and residential properties . . Whether or not such negative impacts have actually occurred • it s or only- jl perceived to have occurred, cannot be readily determined, empirically, on the basis of this survey. However, in terms of the !i attitudes of the respondents toward such businesses , must: be drawn that the overall effect. on surroundingthe crtclusios. , considered to be negative. . properties is ;, ii. Among the adverse effects of adult entertainment establishments cited by businessmen are: Difficulty in renting office space - ' Difficulty in keeping desirable tenants ;, ii - Difficulty in recruiting employees • Limits hours of operation P (evening hours ) Deters patronage from women and families ; patronage general reduced Of those businessmen indicating that they have not ' seriously considered moving because of nearby concentrations of adult entertainment bus'ihess , the most frequent response was that they had been in the area a great many years, and to establish elsewhere would be too risky and/or that their investment was too great to I' move. . A. few respondents indicated that it is the adult entertainment businesses that should move, not they. The few businessmen commenting that they would not consider expanding= in their current location indicated that their business f did not warrant expansion; I Several businessmen indicated. that their businesses are relativelyl unaffected by. nearly adult' ent2rtainment establishments . Among the - i businesses_ cited are a commercial art' studio; a building trades. contractor; a mail order- business';. a telephone' answering service and. j e wholesaler.. ,j p ' Among the few positive effects: cited by businessmen is the increase in- business for certain, non-adult entertainment- businesses such __ as tourist-serving businesses (e. g, car rental agencies) . "The bad effect it might have is cancelled out by the: business it� does ' attract'; x-rated theaters attract tourists. " Many respondents commented ' on . the crimes associated with adult , entertainment establishments : etc...' A high prostitution, dope, theft, robbery, ,, g percentage of respondents report they do not feel safe. in such areas. ,• g A high percentage of respondents commented on their concern for the effects of adult entertainment environment on the morals and safety of children. li A. high percentage, of respondents commented on the aesthetics of adult. entertainment establishments.: garish, sleazy; shabby, ;i blighted, tasteless,- etc. Also, many commented . on the increased incidence of litter and graffiti . ;' • ;) Iii • !• Ij 1, iI I1 di iI I, II I` • Ii • •, ' - it .11 ' - i'1 'I I II le I. ,r. 'II 11 '1 11 —37 'I.TM • I APPRAISER QUESTIONNAIRE ' - i - - _ - RESPONSE4 - i " - - - "Total no . of responses = 81 . =- 20%. return Total no . of questionnaires. ... .. i Question • ' Response 1 1 . What'•effe.ct _does the concentration . '-. increase in value - . 1 ( - ) o.f adult entertainment. establishments .I have on the market value of business . decrease in value 71 (87 . 7%) it property, (land, structures, fixtures., etc. ) located in the vicinity of such' no effect - 5 (6 .2%) establishments? II - 2 . What effect does the. concentration - increase in value . 1. ( - ) of adult entertainment establishments - l' have on the rental value of business decrease in value 55 (6.7 . 9%) li property l.ocate.d in the vicinity of I such establishments? no effect. ' 4 (4 . 9%) 3 . What effect does the concentration of increase in rentability/ adult entertainment establishments saleability - . 3 (3 .7%) 11 have on th-e rentability/saleability of business property located in the .decrease in rentability/ vicinity ( length of time required to saleability - 48 ( 59 . 30) rent or sell property; rate of lessee/ . buyer turnoaver; conditions of sale or no- effect" - 3" (3 . 7%) I; lease, etc. )? 1 I 4 . What effect does the concentration of increased income 2 (2.5%) I adult entertainment establishments . have on the annual income of businesses decreased income 59 (72 .8%) located in, the vicinity. of such - establishments? - • no effect- 7 (8.6%) ii 5 . Have; any business owners.. or' proprietors yes:. 23- (28 .4%) I considered re.locat.rng: or not expanding. their businesses- because of the' nearby no 4 (4 .9%, ;l concentration of' adult entertainment ii establishments? - - not known 28 (34.6%)' 1 , 6. In recent, ye:ars, has- the. commercial . ' -yes 45 - (55 .6% ) vita:lity,. (sales, profits., etc. ) of any -i; area in. the City of Los Angeles been - no. 29 (35.8%). �[ affected;. in' any . way, by the nearby concentration of adult entertainment not known - . - II establishments? • • -- •- • _; z-yt *38.- li 7 . '',What • effect does- the concentration of adult entertainment establishments have on the market_ value of private residences located within the following . distances from such establishments? Increase Decrease No effect Total Less than 500 feet. .2. (3 .8%) 48 (90.6%) 3 (5 . 7%) 53 , 500 - 1000 feet: 2 (3 .6%) 51. (91 . 1%) 3. (5 .4%.) 56. li More than 1000 . feet: 1 (3%). 29 (87.9%) 3:. (9 . 1%) 33 '' I 8 . What- effect, does the concentration '' of adult entertainment establishments have on the rental - value: of residential - i in-come property located within the 1 following distances from such establishments? Increase Decrease No effect Total Less. than 500: feet 2 (3 . 4%) 51 (87 . 9%) 5 (8 .6%) 58 i 500 - 1000 feet . 1 . (2 . 6%) 33 (86 .8%) 4 ( 10 . 5%) 3S " I More than 1000 feet 1 (2 . 8%) 27 ( 75%) 8 ( 22 . 2%) 36 9 . What effect does the concentration of , adult entertainment establishments have on' - th'e rentability/saleability pf residential property located within the following distances from. such - establish- ments? i Increase. 'Decrease --;No effect Total ,;� ti Less than 500 feet. 1. (2 .5%) 37 (92 :.5%) 2 (5%) 40 1' 500 - 1000 feet . 1 (2.6%'i. ,35• (89..7%). 3 (7:.7%) 39 More than 1000 feet 1 (2.8%) .. 28, (77.8%) 7' ( 19'. 1%) • 36' 11 1,0-.. In regard to the questions setforth.. above, please describe the effects: which you believe • the. . . concentration ' of adult :! entertainment business has on each of the following: Property values of surrounding: - Decrease Unknown No effect Increase Commercial property ' 46 (56 .8%) 32. (39.5%) _ 1 2 (2. 5%). i� Residentialproperty ) - 1 42: (51 . 9X) 38•,(46 .9X 1. � General 16 (19.8%) 65 (80.2%) ` - Ii -39- 'Rent'al values of surrounding: Decrease No response No effect Increase Commercial property 39 (48. 1%) 42 (51 .9%) - - Residential property 37 (45 . 7%) 44 (54 . 3%) - General 12 (14. 8%) 69 (85. 2%) - Vacancies Number 1 56. (69. 1%) 1 23 (28. 4%) Length 1 . 72 (88 . 9%) 2 (2 . 5%) 6 (7 . 4%) Rate of tenant turnover - 49 (60.5%) 1 31 (38 . 3%) Annual business income 24(29 .6%) 53 (65 .4%) 2 ( 2 .5%) 2 (2 . 5%) Complaints from customers " and residents due to concentration Yes 24(29 . 6%) 57 (70 .4%) Neighborhood appearance 24(29.6%) 3 (3 . 7%) Crime 1 1 - 48 (59 . 3%) Litter - 1 1 44 (54 . 3%) Other (please specify) • • —40- I'I e�al .respondents commented that the adverse effects are related to 0-e degree of concentration and that one free-standing business may have no gffect; also, that the effect is related to the type of adult entertainment business. (unspecified) . A few. respondents indicated that the property value. and , dollar istu3+g � r ss vz.le fe any giueq, .pr er �. would iAcr-pease ©� btis h' esses compatible with ad01t otertaiagen husfnes•szs, Q.g. soth•er adult aAtartaTAt 4a inesses, bars , etc. A. t4lb parZgata911 .44 414 riKa and reattare esimmeffted on the averse effects of the. sub,ie.ct *1154 &. on neighborhood appearaaca, I i tter and graf f4t i . • ri • • —4].- 1 GENERAL QUESTIONNAIRE - - REALTOR RESPONSES - 1 Total no. of responses = 32 '" ; I NOTE:. Due to distribution, certain realtors received the General Questionnaire rather- than the Appraiser Questionnaire. For analysis purposes, the subject responses were tabulated_ separately and: analyzed together with the responses t.o the. Appraiser Questionnaire. - Ii Question „I 1 . What overall effect do you feel . - '1 that adult.. entertainment establishments have had on a i neighborhood:. ;; Positive ..Negativ.e, No effect I Effect on the business condition - 31 (97%) 1 Ii (sales ;& profits) in the area: Effect on homes (value & appearance) - 31 (97%) 1 I in the area immediately adjacent , to adult entertainment businesses : II Effect on homes (value &. appearance) - 29 (91%) 2 in the area located 500 feet or more li from adult entertainment businesses:. i, 2'. Do you believe. the 1. ( 31 . 3%) no effect 29 (91%) decreased lI establishment of adult. property 1! entertainment. facilities 23 (71. 9%) lower rents values I, in the vicinity of your business has had any: 25 (70%) vacant: 0 increased - of the businesses property values I' f:o-llowing' effects? I' (Please check. all 25 (70%.) tenants. 3 (9.4%) lower taxes those- effects Which . moving.' out- . you feel have occurred. ) . 25 (70%) complaints 7 (21 .9%)higher taxes from customers 0 less. crime 23 (91%) decreased business activity 26 (81.. 3%)more: crime 0 increased business r j 1 = _ -42- ';=--: 30 (94%) deteriorated 27 (84%) more litter neighborhood appearance Other ( please specify) 3 . (Not applicable for tally. ) 4 . Have, you seriously considered moving your your- business elsewhere because of nearby concentrations'. , of adult entertainment businesses? 10 (31 . 3%) Yes 15 (46 . 9%) No 5 . Would you consider expanding in your !j current. location? 1.0. ( 31 .3%) . Yes 12 (37 . 5%) No 6 . What types of adult 27 (84 . 4%) adult 13 (40 . 6%) nude or entertainment estab bookstores • a topless dancing ,'i' lishments are there in your area? 17 (53 . 1%) massage 24 ( 75%) adult !� ( Please check parlors theatres appropriate boxes . ) 15 (46 . 9%) peep shows 15 (46 . 9%) adult motels 12 ('3T. 5%) bars with X-rated entertainment How far from your business is the nearest adult. entertainment ( Not tabulated due to limited establishment? response..) 1 1 - 43• - �,' D . ,U . S . • CENSUS AND RELATED DATA i 1..' Cluster Analysis ' "Used by Community Analysis Bureau to Describe Various Parts of the City" The last U . S . Decennial Census was conducted on April I, 1970. With the proliferation of adult entertainment I bus'ines-s it would seem. appropriate to include as background ,, ' information a' description of the socio-economic and jil physical- characteristics of the areas under study, as i revealed.. by census data. Such a description mey provide ' ' II ' insight as to the underlying factors, contributing to- the concentration- of sex-oriented busines's in the areas under study.... - . . , . . . • . II, An ' excellent available source 'pro�:i.'ding such a description is' a 1974 report prepared by - the. City' s • Community Analysis. B'ureau' (CAB) concerning the "State of the City" .* In this document, the CAB -has. utilized a statistical technique known as "cluster analysis': to ' identify specific areas i, within the City which ;have common characteristics , as ;'I revealed by census data. In conducting this study, the CAB made use of 66 census data items (or variables ) which were selected from the entire spectrum of socio-economic and - • physically descriptive data items available for all census i ,l tracts in the City. ' I The U . S . Census 'Bureau :reports data on numerous r geographical levels , the "census tract" being the smallest geographical area for Which data is maintained and reported on a regular/basis . There are 750_ such census tract areas in the City, each containing a population' of slightly fewer . than. 4,000 persons , on the.raverage . ,The five study area nodes and four control areas. under study herein are contained. within portions• of 25 census tracts. . I The particular variables' which. most accurately describe a • part-icu.lar' census' tract were used by 'the Community Analysis �1 .- Bureau' in such- a manner, as to. combine those areas which it have the- most. similar. characteristics . As a result of this procedure, thirty cluster groups were established throughout the City,. each such cluster consisting of one: or . i' - more census tracts ,, each- census- tract within a particular cluster being -more similar to other' parts of that' cluster than to. any.' othe w geographical section of the City.. ;; • .. III II * The .5ta.te of the ,City. '- A Cluster Analysis of Los Angeles - City . .i, .of. Los Angeles Community Analysis. Bureau, June 1974 . • -44- . . i� Description of. Hollywood Area . . • The three study areas in Hollywood containing 1 concentrations of adult entertainment businesses . are included-. within portions of 11 census tracts . Their three associated "control .areas"- are partially contained within i nine census.. tracts . These 20 tracts .are all included ,h within - larger area identified in the CAB ' s report as "Cluster. 15" ,. entitled "The.' Apartment. 'Dwellers" , consisting of 34 tracts . . A .description of this area, as quoted from the previously cited CAB report, is set forth below.. The ' fact; that this description is based on data which is now ,i seven 'years old may not. be disadvantageaus., for the 1 purposes., of this study, inasmuch as adult entertatrrment ! businesses began to flourish in the 1969-70' period . ,! " . Cluster 15 is a. lower income, predominately— old !' apartment area located west of the Civic Center . . . " l • "The cluster represents a total population of 17.4,.000, 46% male and 54% female . The median age is 40.. The i, area is mostly White, but does have an above average ethnic mix--19% Spanish-American , 3% Japanese, 2% 'i Chinese, 3% Black . It is a cluster of workers.__..-a-nd I senior citizens . One in five residents ' is over 65 . • ,1 Female participation in the labor force is the highest ,I - ., of the • 30 clusters . The population under 18 is small . Many of the families are headed by women . . -.-"-- " . . Close to seven out often labor active resi-dents - are whitecollar employed . Most.. completed high school _ and 15% completed college. A't $85700, median, family income is below the average for the City.. This. -lower - income does not translate into an abnormally high poverty distribution . .. One in ten families ' and a II . smaller proportion" of unrelated individuals. are ,I • - welfare- recipients . . . "-. - ' - V - . . - "-. . .Residents of the clu`ster -•are ' centrally located to - both the. Downtown and its commercial -financial strip extension, Wilshire Boulevard . Many public transit routes service the area. Close to 40% of the ii - households have no' automobile. The presence -of two or - - more. cars. is not common. Of .-;the. older apartment. comp.Texe.s'. many have no garage. facilities . . . " - - - . _ _ — - i q dl • " . . .Old apartments comprise 42% of the multiple units. One of the heaviest concentrations occurs east. ,!, of Western Avenue and north of Olympic Boulevard . ,,I These are high density, closely packed, rectangular !' shaped,. stucco - units which line: the streetsii approaching Wilshire Boulevard . South of Olympic Boulevard., the pattern remains one of multiple family ;' units,, but these . are: generally interspersed with hcmes - or are the end product of converted two and threeii • story frame houses.. Hollywood is similar, but is has r several single family' residential areas and apartment encroachments appears to have more of an impact.. ... "". .:..Mos.t of the cl u ster ' s 102,700 dwellings- are renter' it occupied, including a majority of the homes . Median , rent averages $108, but 17% of the multiple dwellings !' are available- for' less than $80... . " " . . . Single family residences are a small proportion of the total housing stock and like the area' s' I apartments , many predate World War II . Few of the essentially single family residential neighborhoods have the kind of zoning protection which requires that h new construction be single units . Replacement housing • i' has tended to be large apartments . Homes averaged $26,000 in median value , which is more a factor of the j land than the improvements . Much of the land west of Western Avenue adjoins the more expensive Hancock Park area. . . " - ,!, " . . . Cluster 15 has one of the highest population densities in the City,, 19 ,080 persons per square mile, not exceptional for an apartment. area. It also has the highest cluster average of elementary school transiency rates--46% for incoming students and 34% for students,. leaving . This mobility of the residents did not seem to .,.affect the, median sixth grade reading 1 , score.. It was above the. City average.. The cluster • 1, has 8: park sates- -__w-i_t_hi n__... its:. . boundary and .is also served by the more regional recreation areas: of Echo ' Park;.. MacArthur Park and. Griffith Park all of which are within access . . . " - !' " . . .The. incidence of burglary per 100 improved parcels y�,, is high',. a: partial reflection of the large number of 1 dwelling: units per . land parcel-. One of the more. disturbing aspects , ' of the cluster is the suicide j rate. Outside of Downtown, only' three of the clusters .. had higher rates ..... I -46T. j 2. Use of' 1970 Census Data to Describe Studio City and North Hollywood--Areas. There are four census tracts which comprise the Studio City study area; two such tracts. in North Hollywood; and three. census tracts representing- the "control area" for the San Fernando Valley. (One of the. "control area" tracts also forms part of the. Studio City study area. ) The: . CAB' s. Cluster' . analysis reveals that these eight. d.ifferent:. census tracts are all quite dissimilar, inasmuch • •. • as, the seven tracts are contained within six different "clusters" . A detailed description of each of these six . cTus.terS. would... not be practical for purposes cf this' study. However, a summary of ' certain key variables attributable to the two . $tudy areas in Studio City and t ovth. Hollywood, and-. the one corresponding control area might: pe, .instrugtive, and is .therefore presented in Table. V . . . . following. For purposes of comparison, the data is also shown for• the City as a whole:• • - - I --47— TABLE V Comparison of 24 Variables from 1970 Census Describing Studio City and North Hollywood Nodes and. Corresponding Control Area VARIABLES AREAS AND VALUES Studio City North Hollywood Control (Tujunga & (Lankershim & (Lankershim Entire Population Ventura) Vineland) & Whipple) City I. Population per sq . mile ' 5 ,742 8,.265. 5,893 ,6,041 11 % Persons 0-17 18.4 18.2 16 .7 30 . 2. 0 % Persons _ 65+ 10.6 17 .9 15 . 2 10 . 1 % White (non-Spanish) 92.0 85 .3. 90.7 60.3. % Black 0 0' 0 17 .2 % Spanish-American 6 . 5 13 .7 7 .7 18 .4 I, % Families wffemale head 10.6 16.4 16 .4 16 . 2 - Education ' % High School dropouts, 25 & older . 22 . 1 38 .6 25 . 3 38 .1 % 25+ who have finished 4+ years college 22.0 10.2. 18 . 3 13 . 9 Economics- ' Approximate median family income $15 ,672 $ 9,471 $12, 575 $10,535 % White collar employed 80.4 60.6 77 . 3 57 . 4 % unemployed 7 ..8 6 .1 9. 1 7 .0 % families in poverty 3. 7 10.0 6.6 9 . 9. !' % families receiving welfare. 4.3 7 .6 4. 7 9 . 9 1 % 1-unit structures 50..6: • 48.9 34.2 51 . 7 Approximate median value, owner occupied units $39,.141, $25,335 $35 ,530 $26,700 Approximate median monthly rent, renter occupied. units • $ 135 $'- 123 $ 129 S. 107 % of owner occupied,. 1. unit', structures built before 1940 24.1 52 .4 52 .2 28.5 % of renter occupied, ,. . 2+ unit structures built before 1940 .1.0.9 13 .9 21 .8 30.7 it 1 -4 8 1 t ' TABLE V (cont ' d) Comparison of 24 Variables from 1970 Census Describing Studio City and North Hollywood Nodes and Corresponding Control Area . VARIABLES 'AREAS AND VALUES • Studio City North Hollywood Control (Tujunga & (L.a.nkershim &. (Lankershim Entire Crime Rates Ventura) Vineland) & Whipple) City Assaults per 100 population .466: .374 .478 .857 Robberies per 100 population .172, .267 . 170 .454 Burglary per 100 improved parcels 13 .86 10. 94 13 .5 14. 9E Total_ Arrests per 100 population 4. 23. 4 . 26 4 . 10 8. 26 , Narcotic Arrests per 100 population aged 14-44 2 .66 1 . 39 1 .60 2. 04 On the basis of the foregoing 1970 Census data, it is possible to develop a general description of the two study area modes containing adult entertainment businesses in the Valley. As indicated above, such a description must necessarily be based on data applying to entire census tracts , even through the study areas may encompass only portions of tracts . . Residents of the Studio City study area node in 1970 were predominantly an upper middle income group , with a relatively high percentage of college graduates . High school dropouts were considerably below the citywide norm. ' Eight out of ten employed persons were in "white collar" jobs. The percentage of families receiving welfare or in poverty- status was considerably below the citywide percentage . The unemployment rate was slightly higher than that of the entire, city. The median value of owner occupied homes in' the Studio City area was more than $1.2,400 higher than the City median. • About one-half of the housing units were one-unit. structures.. Apartment rental rates were also higher than the city as a whole. The percentage of one-unit,, owner ,, occupied housingmnits. built, before 1940 (24. 1 percent) approached the citywide median of 28.5. percent.. • With regard to crime statistics (as of 1.970) , robberies per . 1.00 population in the Studio City area were below the rate for' the city as a whole ( . 1.72 and .454, respectively) ,. . although the number of burglaries per 100 improved parcels (13 .86) was close to the citywide rate of 14 .96 . Total arrests per 100 population (4. 23) were about one-half of the 8.26 rate which prevailed citywide. 1, The North Hollywood study area contrasts rather sharply ,r' with the above. described Studio. City' area... In North 1, Hollywood, median family income was $9,471 in 1970--lower , than the citywide median of . $10, 535'--and considerably . lower than the $15 ,672 median income of residents in the Studio City study area. Sixty-one percent of employed persons were in "white collar" jobs in North Hollywood , compared with 80 percent in Studio- City and 57 percent in the entire c:ity.. The percentage of families: in a poverty status. in il North Hollywood was considerably higher than in Studio City (10.0 percent. and: 3 .7' percent, respectively) . The percent of families in North Hollywood receiving- welfare was higher 'ri than in. Studio City,, bu.t lower than in the entire. city. Unemployment rates , however, were lower. in North Hollywod- j, than in Studio City and the entire City. Housing. values were considerably lower in North Hollywood '' than in Studio City, and slightly lower than average values throughout 'the. entire city. Median montly rents were lower in .North Hollywood than in Studio City but higher than in '' all of Los Angeles . Of all owner-occupied one-unit 11, structures , 52 .4 percent were built prior to 1940 in the North Hollywood .study area., compared with' only 28 . 5 percent II ,, in the entire city. Single-family homes in North ' Hollywood are older than in Studio City. .II As revealed in Table V, 1970 crimes rates for the seven variables tabulated were lower in North Hollywood than in the .city . as a whole . Except for "robberies per 100 . population" and "total arrests per 100 population" all other rates. in North Hollywood ' were lower . than in the Studio City, study area. Tabulation of U . S . Census Trends from 1960 to 1970 . Time. series. (trend) data can often be of value in identifying underlying socio-economic or physical c:harac.teris.t.ics which may have: contributed to the change in i' an area.. During the course of this. . study, the staff prepared a tabulatiorl of the. 1960-70 change in selected ;k socio-economic.- variables as reported in the U .S . Census , . 1 ' covering the. five s'tud'y areas , the four "control " areas, , - and the City as a whole. This was done in "order to determine if chang'es' . in the study area' nodes were significantly different than the. "control, areas" , or from citywide norms . . A tabulation of this data is contained., in Appendix E. A review of this data revealed that' the 19.60-70 trends in the variables' selected. ('relating to population, economics economics and housing). were not significantly different for the study ill areas than for the. "control area's" . In general , ' numerical- or percentage changes in the data were also similar to. citywide trends and no firm conclusions of particular f relevance to the study could be developed. l" w I V. 1 POLICE DEPARTMENT STUDY OF HOLLYWOOD This section of the report considers the number and percentages of 1 adult entertainment businesses in the. City, changes in these businesses since 1975, and more specifically, crime rates in the Hollywood area as compared to crime rates , citywide. The following information was compiled: b.y the Los Angeles Police Department and shows the incidence o.f ce.rtain adult entertainment establishments as of two different time periods-- November of 1975 and December 31, 1976 . The statistics show a decrease in massage parlors,, bookstores, arcades and theaters and a slight rise in adult motels . This was during the same period of time that there was stepped-up surveillance and deployment of officers in areas where concentrations of adult entertainment establishments existed . (The. Hollywood community i.s within the West Bureau . ) This information and that which follows involving the incidence of 1 crime in the Hollywood area provides what may . be , a positive correlation between crime and the presence of adult entertainment facilities . Percent - TYPE OF ACTIVITY Nov . 1975 Dec . 1976 of Change 17=-_ Adult Motels 37 38 +2% `" Massage Parlors. 1.47 80 . -45% • Bookstores/Arcades 57 45 -21% Theaters 47 44= - -6% TOTAL- 288 207 -28% DECEMBER 31 , 1976 - LOS ANGELE.S CITY" POLICE DEPARTMENT BUREAU OF ACTIVITY AND PERCENTAGE CENTRAL SOUTH WEST ' VALLEY TYPE OF ACTIVITY BUREAU BUREAU BUREAU BUREAU Adult' Motels. 5(13%) . 23(60%) 5( 13%) 5( 13%) Massage Parlors 6: (7%) 4 (5%) 42 (53%) . 28(35%) j Bookstores/Arcades 6(20%) 1 (2%) 2.4(53%) 11 (24%) Theaters f. — 7(16%) 1 (2%) 28(64%) 8(18%) TOTAL. 27(23%) 29( 14%) 99(48%) 52(25%) \ , - —51- III , The information in this section is an extract from a report to the, Planning Planning Department on "The Impact of Sex Oriented Businesses on the i Police Problems in the City of Los Angeles*" , prepared by the Los Angeles City Police Department . The City Council in instructing the Planning Department to conduct the Adult Entertainment study has also instructed other City agencies to cooperate with and contribute as necessary to the report process . In accordance with such instructions , the Police. Department conducted an analysis of the relationship between the concentration of adult entertainment establishments and criminal activity in the Hollywood area as I, compared to the citywide- crime rates for the period beginning 1969 and ending 1975 . This period of comparison covers the years during which adult entertainment establishments appeared, and proliferated in the Hollywood area. 1, I Part I crimes are' those criminal , acts which most severely effect , their victims; they include homicide, rape, aggravated assault, robbery, burglary, larceny, and vehicle theft . During the period of , 1969 through 1975 , reported incidents of Part I crimes in the ,1 Hollywood Area increased 7..6 percent while the City showed a 4 . 2 I percent increase . Thus , Hollywood ' s Part I crimes increased at I, nearly twice the rate of the City ' s increase . In conformance to the II ,I,• overall trend , every Part I crime committed against a person, not I' against property, increased at a higher rate in Hollywood Area than in, the citywide total . Street robberies and 484 Purse Snatches , V. wherein, the' victim was directly accosted by their assailant, I' increased by 93 . 7 percent and 51 . 4 percent , respectively; the citywide increase was 25 . 6 percent and 36 . 8 percent . Suspects' arrested for Part I criminal acts in Hollywood Area , increased 16. 2 percent while the City dropped by 5 .3 percent . This. reveals reveals that. Hollywood Area was 21 .5 percent over the City' s total in the apprehension of serious, criminals during the seven year period. . _ !I Equally alarming as the increase in Part: I arrests , is the increase in Part II arrests (described on Table. VI , pages 53-54) in Hollywood Area' as opposed to' the rest of the City. Hollywood increased in ,, this category by 45 .5 percept while the City rose but 3 .4 percent. I Prostitution arrests in Hollywood Area increased at a rate 15 times 1, greater than the city average. While the City showed a 24 .5 percent Mike, Hollywood bounded to a 372 . 3 percent increase in prostitution arrests. . . . - I -Similarly, pandering arrests in Hollywood . Area increased 'by 475 .0 percent, 3-1/2 times the city increase: cf. 133. 3 percent. (See note p. 54. ) • . 1 - , *The complete report prepared by the Los 'Angeles. City Police Department is available for review in the official files under City Plan Case No. 21475 in the Los Angeles City Planning Department. :, . ,•;;;:.i- ••% ,,. -• , ,=, _ ,..-_, .-• , .. ,::::":: 'z:•'.'• ':. :,•:„ . ' .•. •_ '- ......i:„4.:.;•• -,:.:'...1:,, , ---:;•:.". _::-''_..=4: :-': •: c • • ,-,-;..f: „...1-`b,V2V.,;%_,'•.',r,•-• •-•* ,.. .',_:-, ---'—:",••t'a 4-7'; '.-.:'• r ';-• ' ...,,•-••."•. •.'-f.:=••,.;Vi;',-•=•••"`c'f• • -4t-`.:.'‘:' f:-.2 •.„,•,,;:• • - • •-32- i r n Table VI • ; 1969 THROUGH 1975 SURVEY PERIOD REPORTED CRIMES AND ARRESTS )' , ,11 Hollywood Area Citywide Il li 1 1969 1975: % Change ;j; Part I Offenses S69 1S75. % Change Homicide • 19 37 +94. 7' 377 ' 574 +52 . 3 Rape 214 199 . -7. 0 2115 1794 -15 . 2 iii Agray . Assault 605 886 +46.5 14798 14994 +1 . 3 ;II Robbery 905 1591 +75 . 8 11909 14667 +23 . 2. !' Burglary 5695 5551 -2.5' 65546 69489 +6 .0 Larceny 7852: 8396. +6 . 9. . 89862 93478 +4.0 Auto Theft 2621 2608 -0 . 5 32149 30861 -4 .0 TOTAL 17911 19268 . +7 .6 216756 225857 +4 . 2 St.. Robberies 381 ' 738 +93 . 7 5321 6684 +25 . 6 484 Purse Snatches 185 : 280 +51 .4 1951 ' 2668 +36 .8 r ,;, ARRESTS i; Hollywood Area ' Citywide Part I Offenses 1969 1975 % Change 1969 1975 % Change ��1 ii Homicide_ 21 26' +23 .8 475 573 +20. 6 Rape 67 47 -29 . 9 858 552 -35 . 7 Agray . Assault. - 239 348 +45 .6 6250 3163 -49 .4 Robbery 368 285 -22 .6 4855 5132 +5 . 7 Burglary ' 8.64: 514 -40. 5 7823 6032 -22 . 9 Larceny 546 - 1371 +151 . 1. 6877 11706 +70. 2 If Auto Theft 319. ' 226 -29 .2 4820 31.21 -5 .3 TOTAL. 2.424 2.817' +16 .2: 31.958' . 30279 -5 . 3, a !I Hollywood Area Citywide II *Part II' Offenses 1969 1975 %. Change 1969 1975 % Change I, 1‘ . TOTAL 10660 15503 +45 ..4 . 1.79233. 185417' +3 .4 *(Part Ir arrests include:: other- assaults, forgery and counter- feiting', embezzlement ' and fraud, stolen property, prostitution, narcotics, liquor laws, gambling, and other ' miscellaneous misdemeanors. ) . ' . ProstitutiBn Arrests 1969 1975 % Change r Hollywood Area 433 2045' +372 .3 Citywide 2864 3564 +24.5 r s r,= - "-2. :r- ..-53-- Table VI (cont ' d) !' ,i Pandering Arrests 1969 1975 % Change Hollywood Area 8_ 46 +475 . 0 Citywide 42 98 +133 . 3 !' NOTE-: (The prostitution arrests made. in Hollywood Area in 1975 represents 57 . 3 percent of all arrests for prostitution ! made in the city. The pandering arrests made in Hollywood Area in 1975 represents 46 ..9 percent of all pandering arrests made in Los Angeles during that year . ) , DEPLOYMENT . Hollywood Area 1969 . 1975 % Change Patrol 197 255 +29. 4 Investigators 0 45 61 +35 . 6 . TOTAL 242 316 +30. 6 Citywide 6194 7506 +21 . 1 ADULT ENTERTAINMENT ESTABLISHMENTS HOLLYWOOD AREA 1969 through 1975 1969 1975 1 ,Hard-core motel 3 Hard-core motels 2. Bookstores 18 Bookstores 7 Theaters 29. Theaters 1.. Massage parlor/scam joint. 38 Massage parlor/scam joints 11. Locations (Total ) 88 Locations (Total ) -54 HOLLYWOOD AREA . ; . •i 484 PURSE SNATCHES. • 800 STREET ROBBERIES 350 275 • 650 600 - 225 - = . 550 - - 200 - - 500 - 175 450• - 150 . - - • 400 125 - - 350 • . • 100�. - _I. 300 _ ' Of T • T _t 1 T . . 'r o j T ? i 'Y T 69 170 '71 '72 '73 174 175 • 69 '70 '71 '72 '73 174 175 • I • ALL ROBBERIES. ' ADULT ENTERTAINMENT ESTABLISHMENTS Roo 100 1600 90 1500 80 1400 - - - 70 .. ' 1300 - 60 . . 1200 - 50 ; 1100 - - - • 40 1000 - • 30 900 - 20 - . - 800 - - - - 10 . =------- i - r r . Y o r r - - 69 '70 '71 '72 '73- _ _ ='74 - -` '75- - - ---- 69 - -_ _'70_ '71 '72 '73 . '74 ' '75 • During the period included in this report, the Citywide deployment of police personnel rose by 21 . 2 percent . However , with the surge of crime i'n the Hollywood Area, deployment there increased by 30.•6 I� percent_, 9.4 percent higher than the rest. of .the City. Included in this figure is a 29.4 percent hike in' uniformed- officers and 35 . 6 ' percent rise in investigators to cope with the criminal elements . d .1 This survey reflects a seven-year span during which time the Adult. Entertainment Establishment in the Hollywood Area proliferated from a mere 11 establ i shments- to an ' astonishing number of 88 such I1 locations . The overall deleterious, effect to the entire community .1 is evident in the statistics. provided. The overwhelming increase in 1 prostitution, robberies°,.. assaults.,. thefts', and the proportionate I' growth in police personnel deployed throughout Hollywood., are all NI representative of blighting results that the clustering . of Adult Entertainment Establishments has on the entire community. These adverse social effects not only infect the environs immediately adjacent to the parlors but creates a malignant atmosphere in which ,i, crime spreads to epidemic. proportions . The remaining sections of the 'Police Department report are letters 6 and signature petitions from concerned businessmen, clergy, �� merchants, citizens and police officers and are in , the file and available for inspection upon request . The following paragraph summarizes this section of the Police Department report . • The police officer reports can be' summarized as follows : all P 1; officers felt the sex-oriented businesses either contributed to or 1, were, directly , responsible for the crime problems in the Hollywood area. The officers felt the sex shops were an open invitation to I' undesirables and thereby directly , caused the deterioration of neighborhoods . Also, • it was suggested 'that these businesses I; purpcsely' cluster in order to establish . a "strength i.n numbers" type effect, once they establish a foothold in a neighborhood they drive the. legitimate. businesses. out. The letters from 'the businessmen,, clubs, churches and concerned ;I citizens were all in support of police efforts to close adult. entertainment facilities. The letters all expressed the feeling i that.: the sex shops attracted homosexuals , perverts, prostitutes and other- undesirables and directly contributed to ' the decline ' o.f the. I Hollywood area. - t, .I; I I l 4 • �'✓ t ie i.'., r'y ,;. . I. HOLLYWOOD AREA ' +37'2.3% •' � 11969 2U45 i • i:•:. �i i 1975 ?iiiiiiiii?:?i:::: , !!l:ili • • • • • • • • • • . • • • #700.0 • • • ::' i•ia:iI. iiiiiip•i'!::: • ?i ii:i?.,: • iiii:•::=.:::iiii • • E i?iiiiiii??!iiiii ii::::Hitii;is:: ='iiii ;::?;i: iii....iiii�ii:i . s iiiiiiii?iiii?iii • +475.0%• i?iiiiii? i iii?::::::;::::: ill' 46 ii :::??ii;: iii' li ii;iii:::::iiii i:::::::i iii: :ii!?iii??:==iii :::::•::iiii::?: • i::j i::.i ::? • liri illii• ii 1.1..:.:::::: :•iii???iiii s :.;.iiii;::: •?•mh:•:s:i:: Hi;i:.i:is: :iii?i• • 433 i......i.....• ? :imili i•:=i iiir I???;?iii!; .i'.s.:si.:.::s: i:: • lliiiii:iIiiiii::i: • :iiii??:�:iiii?ii ::,.i?si=:??iii _ ..., im.i:iiii =: ::.s::s:i?:iiii:, :::; iiii•: i ?ii?iii???;i?ii;i •. ,iiii::• : ?:j:i i....:; ii:'i?s:i??i=•=iiii iii::::=:•i=ii:• 8 ??ii.i:.is i :.i i :iiii::.i?i.ii , �' i :: • ......... PANDERING PROSTITUTION - ADULT ARRESTS ARRESTS ENTERTAINMENT — ESTABLISHMENTS • HOLLYWOODHOL LY W 00 D AREA CITY OF L. A. • ' ATE• OF INCREASE 1969- 1975 • • • iHOLLYWOOD AREA • 45.4 Flo i;.:iiii i .!= CITY. OF L.A. itilii:I:.:.i{i :{ !iii!liiii iiii • ii!::;iii!::? •tf ;.t.{:i'•s: i . . =rii!ti ii!.a! . _!:{ !iiiiiii;; - ii ::iih=iii!° iiii: i::jiiiliiii :i:..... iiii. • .. ., iiii!!iiii!i.a{i , ;iiii;:ti ui?:iii: :Hiiiiolviiii!i . i:iiii:!iiiiii!:; iiii:::•::::: 1:• • • to:iiii!:!?!iii: {?iii!!!!•::_ ... • . ii!:::::::?::iii?ii • •!!!ii'i!i=;!iiii;: 71 @ O iiiiiii:iiii iii 16.2 To iiii:_::r{;iiii• • :I!i�w..s a ii.:.n iiii !:iiii:;?!i ::::: • n i?!iiiii:i:1":::iii !iii:; in:iii:: !ii!ii::imiii� ...•.t;l:iiiN • iii:::i::::•::•::• :Mgiiii:!!iii!!: ::::......,.,... !!i!: i 0 I:•..s .:i'ili1li �.� ,O' ?i{:i•.::.:•:i. ,. iiiii:ili?'•iiii• • =:i!:;!iii:!:iii iiii. st::{.: • t tt s: iiiiiiiiiiiii:::::_. ;iii 'I: t iii'iii'!1::iiii: 4.2 To •:s::::!:iii„ii {i: ist: .i!i!i i:l• iiii• ::!i:•:::.::::t:i .•=iii{t1..1 t iiii•;:{{:iiii iiii=:!=•iiii;;:iii 3.2 T a tl,_ iiii • �iiihiiia.Lt I i iii! =li I!S tiiil:itiiiit{ii: iiiiiii iii iiiiii i ii..i:.:iri:a: . •-5.3 To • PART I CRIMES PART I ARRESTS PART II ARRESTS / • • • I I Los Angeles City Planning Department Calvin S . Hamilton, Director Frank P. Lombardi , Executive Officer Glenn F . Blossom, City Planning Officer • Citywide Planning and Development Division - Glenn 0. Johnson , Division Head • Code Studies Section Jack C . Sedwick , Senior City Planner Robert Janovici , City Planner Charles S . Rozzelle, City Planner Marcia Scully, Planning Assistant , Project Coordinator Evelyn Garfinkle, City Planning Associate Fred Hand, City Planning Associate Ronald Lewis , City Planning Associate (former project staff member) Charles Zeman , City Planning Associate Staff Support Donald S. Jacobs , Data Analysis • Fred Ige, Planning Assistant Joyce Odell , Cartographer Gi lbe'rt. Castro, Cartographer Barbara Reilly, Typist Corrine Gluck , Typist. Mary Volz, Typist. Mewland Watanabe, Typist Jeanne Crain, Typist Audrey Jones , -Typist Mason Dooley, Photographer • • . I, .,:<r xl �', i'u''`*`4;' `'•:it" `iu.f:;y:r::::,ta i;, •F: f.:T'J,}',?:a% ;:.r. T, •'Y•. '.;;! 'yi Y. 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"S - I" •,i ' • rww� ,J lrL dI` . 4`. - F•. y' - . A^c t ;J• • r. • iF`-�i a7 5. l: - - - . • 'rri: - :'�'rr fr :'�,, • • •• '.; •i. : ,:] , ,` • as art`` G wL r, . 1- • APPENDIX A • • (Sheet 1) • • • -- :'�s;;i c.' tVi� - Chan es in•Assessed "Market" Value of Residential and•Commercial Property 1970-76, Areas of 9 ,0' Concentration of Adult Entertainment Businessesi Corresponding Control Areas, and City of • . s` Los Angeles , , '•' Assessed "Market" Values " 'i Areas of Concentration ' • • ' Land Improvements Total • • 1: ("Nodes",) and Control Areas 1970 1976 1970 1976 1970 1976 ' • - Santa Monica i Western, 12,955,100 12,926,800 12,945,620 13,697,020 25,900,900 26,624,420 . 1 Control Area - Santa Monica and Vermont 11,549,300 10'990,500 9,971,400 13,227,900 21,520,700 24,218,400 Hollywood i Western - , 17,618,760 18,237,710 20,361,040 23,015,660 37,979,740 41,289,370 ' Control'Area - Hollywood i_ Highland 21,956,500 26,197,880 39,051,920 35,992,140 61,008,420 62,190,020 Selma i Cahuenga . . 28,720,280 34,705,080 31,852,740 27,856,660 60,573,020 62,641,740 Control Area - Hollywood •6 - Gower • . - 14,502,880 17,078,900 13,411,800 12,256,520 27,914,760 29,335,420 • . Tujunga I Vent ca (Studio City) i 7,115,460 11,890,900 8,493,260 13,652,800 15,600,720 25,743,700 Lankershim i Vineland 13,789,200. 15,979,300 15,287,340 16,763,160 29,076,540 • 32,742,460. (North Hollywood) - Control. Area - Lankershim i • Whipple 11,168,200 18,169,000, 14,744,280 18,823,200 25,912,480 36,992,200 Land Improvements, . Total City of L.A. 8,303,456,720, 11,216,558,900 9,692,014,680 13,464,660,940 17,995,471,400 24,681,219,14 . . ,i4,:';',:-4. 41-.4''''!:::•" ..:•• •-• , ',:• . ' ' :--,• :' . . . . •'-' '" ' • - ...' ' '' : 2' : -- . . C45::''',-5 ..'.:-:.'..1i7....-- : . ::: • ' . . ' ... '-'; •'''''''. : : . • '' .• - -: . . . - .. '. ...* •, ,.,.. •: ., l'Iii.!. .:' :'I':.:;, , ''.':,:' - .- •:-... : ' . ' : • r$11A':;:ii,11 :-.‘„;. .':,.,'-. -, ',:': - '', -.• :-: . . - -: . .• '.., • . • ' • . . ... .. . .... -,.,,.. . .:,. ..y::::,Y: , •''..- : . ' ..... .- . ,I. , • -,. '' • . - , -. , , , , ...,., , - . - - APPENDIX A . • • ..., .. •.:--i ..i:,;.;:.. •;;;I:.y4.; :,.":..:•'::,',,:,,: • • . ' . • - . ' • (Sheet 2) , •. •'',:"', 47:''.''?•'-''':-' ::".. • ' :"• .. . ' . ' - ‘' ••• '• . .. , - .-,, ,,,•. :. -',''''' ''' • • ' ' Changes in Assessed "Market" Value of Commercial Properties, .1970-70, Areas of;;,.i• -,:..•.' - :- . -.. . - . . . • Concentration of Adult Entertainment Businesses and Corresponding Control Areas Assessed "Market" Values Commercially Zoned Property • . 0 .,....:, - - . Areas of Concentration • ' Land Improvements . Total - ' - • • ("Nodes") and Control Areas 1970 • 1976 1970 ' 1976 1970 1976 .:.',. ..-.' • '. ...! -:-... Santa Monica i Western : 6,093,009 0,064,600 4,606,880 4,999,800 10,700,400 14,064.400,..,. .- . .. Control Area - Santa Monica s ' • • and Vermont . 4,740.500. 4,153,400 2,778,800 2,893,700 7,527,300 . 7,047,100 . . ...:.. Hollywood I Western . : 0,020,400 0,461,500 ' 3,739,420 3,722,400 10,367,820 10,183,900 . . - ... : • ',1. ' Control Area - Hollywood - Highland* ' ' - . 13047,420 16,936,300 18,608,880 16,525,640 32,156,300 33,461,940 - . . . . . . • Selma I Cahuenga ' ' = . 25,581,200 31,192,000 • 28,319,380 22,998,660 53,900,580 54,199,660 . _ . , . Control Area -- Hollywood fil . • • Gower ' - . • ' ' 11,056,780 12,944,100 9,045,980 7,984,840 20,702,760 20,928,940 • , . . , . . . Tujunga I Ventura . : 1,373,000 1,637,200 941,000 1,184,100 2,314,000 ' 2,821,300 . • (Otudip City) • .. . Lankerehim & Vineland ' 2,709,000 2,689,100 3,646,360 3,789,100. ' 6,350,160 6,478,200 • ' (Worth Hollywood) • . . . • Control Area - Lankershim • . ' . - and Whipple 2,I85,500 4,530,700 4,088,740 3,828,900 6,574,248 8,359,600 . . .... . Land ' . . _ . _Improvements • Total . . • ' 1970 1976 • 1970 - 1976 • 1970 • - 1976 ... . City of Lou Angeles 1,530,432,100 1,718,169,310 1,712,362,980 .1,943,843,299 3,242,795,080 3,662,012,600 : • . • Sources ' City's Land Use Planning and Management * * • • . System (LUPA1S) computer file • , • • • . • • . • . . • • . . . . . ... . . . ! . • • ,-.'.... ' . ' . . 8 , • " . . , . . ,,::'.. ,. , • • . . . • . . • ' -.... . • . . . . . . 8 , t CITY OF LOS ANGELES CALIFORNIA CITY PLANNINs DEPARTMENT OF GOMMIsd1oN-:::' : CITY PLANNING 561 CITY HALL PRESIDENT SUZETTE NEIMAN... 41111111 LOS ANGELES, CALIF. 90012• FRED E. CASE w.: VICE•PRESIDENs .: %�'- y'� CALVIN S. HAMILTON ,I `-, i DIRECTOR' DANIEL.P: GARCIA LESTER B. KING.- _ FRANK P. LOMBARDI LEONARD LEVY "' EXECUTIVE OFFICER TOM- BRADLE.Y RAYMOND I. NORMAN• MAYOR SECRETARY APPENDIX B fi March. 14, 1977 REQUEST FOR . YOUR ASSISTANCE IN OBTAINING INFORMATION REGARDING "ADULT ENTERTAINMENT ESTABLISHMENTS" The Los Angeles City Council has recently requested the Department of City Planning, in cooperation with the Police Department and other City agencies, to conduct a study concerning "adult entertainment" businesses. �. • Because of your particular knowledge of the businesses in the vicinity of your adress, we are requesting that you answer the questions on the attached questionnaire. . These questions relate to the effect of adult entertainment establishments on other businesses and neighborhoods in . the surrounding area. The results of the questionnaire will be of great value to us in conducting this study. Please return your completed questionnaire in the stamped envelope ;L provided before April 1, 1977. , v - If:. you have:. any .questions about the study or wish to discuss this matter- with. Planning Department, staff members, please call 485-3508. We greatly appreciate your cooperation in assisting - us in this. survey_.. Original signed by Calvin S. Hamilton , CALVIN S. HAMILTON Director of Planning • CSH:CSR:cd .y 0417B/0029A. • AN EQUAL. EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY—AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER • ADULT ENTERTAINMENT QUESTIONNAIRE Los Angeles. City Planning Department May 9., 1977 Please answer the seven questions below by checking the appropriate spaces® Feel free to write comments in the space provided or on a !' separa.te sheet. For the purposes of this study, an adult entertainment establishment. includes businesses such as: adult bookstores; nude or topless dancing establishments; massage parlors; adult theatres showing X-rated movies; "peep shows" ; so-called adult motels, and bars with X-rated entertainment. 1. What overall effect do you feel that adult entertainment establishments have on a neighborhood: . . Effect on the businesses condition (sales & profits) in the area: positive negative no effect Comments/Examples: Effect on homes- (value & appearance) in the area immediately adjacent to adult entertainment, businesses: • positive negative no effect Effect on homes. (values & appearance) in the area located- 500 feet: or more from adult entertainment businesses: positive negative - no effect Comments/Examples: (OVER B-i. . 2. Do you feel the establishment of adult entertainment facilities. in the vicinity of your business has had any of the following effects? (Please check all, those effects which you feel have occurred.). no effect decreased property values lower. rents increased property values vacant businesses_ lower- taxes • tenants moving out higher taxes - complaints from customers decreased business activity less crime increased business more crime more litter improved neighborhood appearance deteriorated neighborhood appearance other (please specify) . • Please list specific examples relating to any box checked, immediately above. • 3. What are the hours of operation of your business? - 4. Have you seriously considered moving your business elsewhere because of nearby concentrations of adult entertainment businesses? yes, . no Why? 5., Would. you- consider expanding. in your current location? j yes: no; if not, why? G. What types of adult entertainment establishments are there in your area? (Please check all appropriate boxes. ) adult bookstores nude or topless dancing massage parlors adult theatres peep shows adult motels bars with X-rated entertainment How far from your business is the nearest adult entertainment establishment.? • Thank you for your. cooperation. Please return this questionnaire to: City of Los Angeles Department- of City Planning 20.0.:North Spring Street Room 513, City Hall Los Angeles, CA 90012 Name (Business) • Address • • • • • E-3 - CALIFORNIA CITY PLANNING - DEPARTMENT OF COMMISSIgN f t,...-�ti - CITY PLANNING. ' SUZETTE NEIMAN mY� 561 CITY HALL. PRtslotNT. II uh1 I T" ' . LOS ANGELES. CAU'tr. 90012 RREO E. CASs. II11111 VICADMIUSION.NT _ - CALVIN S. HAMILTON DANIEL P. GARCIA o1RteTOR LESTER B. ICINGC M.14 % FRANK P. LOMBARDI II LEONARD LEVY ,.... .. [X[CYTIY[OFFICER_ • RAYMOND 1. NORMAN TOM B R A D L EY I s[CRRAAY' MAYOR ill ; • III' APPENDIX: C. • III • March 14,. 1977 • ' ! / . l • 'REQUESTFOP. YC Uri ASSISTANCE It C BTP_IlTITC- IT � CFtiAT C I . REGARDING "p..DUL^1 ENTERTAINMENT" ESTABLISHMENTS i li ,I The Los Angeles City Council has recently requested the Department of City Planning, in cooperation with the Ponce Department and other City ,I e agencies, to conduct a study concerning "adult entertainment" businesses. !, ! Because of your partic'slar knowledge of the businesses in the vicinity of your address, -we are . requesting , that you answer the questions on the fi attached questionnaire. These questions relate to the effect of adult enter- tainment' establishments on other businesses and neighborhoods in the surrounding area. The results of the questionnaire will be of. great value ' to us: in' conducting this study. V _ • Please return,.'your completed 'I . y.. . p questionnaire in the stamped envelope provided before:April I, 1977. ,. If you have any questions about the study or wish to discuss this matter with • 'Planning Department staff members, please call 485-350Z. Wegreatly;appreciate your cooperation in assisting us in this survey. //)./ /// 4...,e, CALVIN S.•• H-IAMILTCN. V . . • . Director of Planning CSH:CSI :lmc • - . ' Los Angeles City Planning Department - - 7 March. 14, 1977 • . • • - - ,: Please: give your opinion regarding questions set forth below by checking . ••. the appropriate spaces and providing comments- in the space provided or on a.separate sheet. - - For the purposes: of this study, "adult entertainment establishments" in - elude businesses such as: adult bookstores,, nude or topless dancing estab- lishments;, massage parlors; adult: theatres showing- X-rated movies; "peep shows."; so-called adult motels and bars with X-rated entertainment. - ..e. . EFFECT ON SURROUNDING BUSINESSES- - . ' 1' I. What effect does the concentration of adult entertainment establish 'I ments have on the market value of business property (land, structures,.l - • fixtures,. etc.) located in the. vicinity of such. establishments? .I increase in value decrease in value • no effect • Comments/examples: (Please cite specific examples, including avail- I, • - ' _ - -• able data.) . -- _.. --:- .. -..- • -• --- - :=- - —. ` -- --2. ' What effect does the concentration of adult entertainment establish- ,I :- - . ments- have on the rental value of business property located in the :_ _- vicinity of such establishments? _ _. • • increase in value` - • - decrease- in-valued rio effect • • -. _ _ - - _Comments/examples _: examples,.(Please,_cite specific emples,: including Avail-;1i • •- - - ~i.,t1_ : _ - •.-able data.). . - :- --. I; • • - 3. . What effect does the concentration of adult entertainment establish H ments have, on the of business property located in: the vicinity (length of time required to rent or sell property; rate- of lessee/buyer turnover; types of businesses of prospective - - - - lessees/buyers;- conditions of sale or lease, etc.)? - increase in rentability/saleability i; - .. - decrease in. rentability/saleability. ,, no effect ' amp (Please cites specific examples., including available - :- Comments/ex les:. P data.). - • 4rr.... . i 4. • What. effect does the concentration of adult entertainment establish— 1 meats have on the annual income of businesses- located in the vicinity , - - of such establishments? ' increase& income_ decreased. income,___ -no effect i f Comments/examples: (Please cite specific examples, including available t • data.) y ,. . •:. - 1, l ,. •• 5... Have any business owners or proprietors considered relocating or not i, • • expanding: their businesses because of the nearby concentration of 1 • • • adult entertainment establishments? I; - Yes_ No Not. known • II It yes, please indicate the specific reason, if known. II • • , • • !I - _ • • I, • 6. In recent years, has the commercial vitality (sales, profits, etc. ) - of any area in the City of Los Angeles been affected in any way by theft nearby concentration of adult entertainment. establishments? • II - Yes No Not known • - I. • - It'yes,. which areas?' ' • I' •‘. • - - - : Comments/examples: (Please cite effects and provide available data.)II _ -!I - i• I C-2: ' - • �` -3- EFFECT ON SURROUNDING RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES . - - 7. What effect does the' concentration of adult. entertainment establish- ' . meats have on the. market• value of private residences located within the- following distances. from such establishments? , • . Increase. Decrease No Effect Less than 500 feet - _ - 500: - 1000 feet. - • •- . . •• More than 1000. feet. . - . . - . • - . • - . 'Comments/examples: (Please cite specific examples, including available • (data.) • _• ' . . - • • • • •. • 8. What effect does`the concentration of adult entertainment establish- ments have on the rental value of residential income property located within the following distances from such establishments? - • • • - .Increase Decrease No Effect o - a _ . Less than 500 feet • . 500 - 1000 feet ' _ More than 1000 feet Comments/examples: . (Please• cite specific examples, including available • data.) - . • . •- ' • . . - 9'. What, effect does the concentration. of adult entertainment_have on the rentability/saleability of residential property . located- within the following, distances from such establishments? • Increase Decrease No Effect • Less than 500 feet .500 1000 feet • . - . More than 1000 feet .; 1. .• ._ . . Comments/examples: (Please cite specific examples, includingavailable . data.) P , _ t,;; 5.v s.�__i a .. • —4— , - • - - • OVERALL EFFECTS • • • 10. In regard to the questions set forth above, please describe the - effects which you believe the concentration of adult entertainment I;' • businesses has on each. of the following: it Property values of surrounding: Commercial property 1 I' • . Residential property - Rental values of, surrounding: • Commercial property 4i. Residential. property •. Vacancies Number - • Length ' Rate of tenant turnover - • Annual business income Complaints from customers and residents due to concentration ' • Neighborhood appearance - f - . Crime • - - Litter • • • • j • Other (please specify • Thank you for your cooperation. Please return this questionnaire to: ,r, _ • -• . City of Los Angeles . Department. of: City Planning- 200 North Spring Street • Room. 516, City Hall • • . • Los Angeles, CA. 90012 . • Name • 1 Organization • - Address !. • • - I • Do you wish to be notified of the public hearing on this matter? .. � , . I I . - III Ir APPENDIX D-I. I' II III I I May 3,... 1977 I Concerned.Members of the Public li i ADULT ENTERTAINMENT STUDY ' 1 III We wish to thank you for your interest in the above matter. 11 StudioCity havereceivederroneous 'I Recently, residents of the area ..rroneo.s information regarding the activities of this Department. Specifi- r thatintentto create an it Cal�y,. t�1P.._�%. halm been informed �. ?1 t_ 1':- is our "' "adult entertainment zone" on Ventura Boulevard.. This information is not correct. 1, I r sof this year, 6 eAngeles C '� � st 1 i' Ii In January ;.h Los nn1�_e� City ..o.rc�_ instructed the Planning Departnent to conduct: a stud' to determine whether so-called "adult entertainment' establishments, where they exist it in concentration, tem.? to have a deteriorating or blighting effect on adjacent prone:_ties and areas. Since that time, the ' Department staff, has been evaluating data from the public and governmental agencies to determine whether evidence of such effects exists. • Within, the next two months, the analysis of the information 1 gathered will be presented to the Los Angeles City Council which will make a decision as to whether adoption of.. regulations is apprcpriate.. ' We regret that you were sent alarming erroneous information; if you have any further questions, please call. my staff at 485-3508 or. 485-3868., . - (Original signed by) i CALVIN S. HAMILTON Director of Planning . 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Ill' )••‘.‘14 00 T 11`° .0- •• ' • .4.• 00 s III', 060 Stl% ... • .>- • .• . .. so1 elk • I • po°‘ . „As 1,s . . . • • • •sy s , • . 000 . . • . • . o2.3 . . ..‘ • APPENDIX 0-3 i PRIVATELY DISTRIBUTED QUESTIONNAIRE (Note: Not a portion of Planning Department Study) RESPONSES 1ii Total no . of responses = 197 ii Question -. __ . - .. Response ;i; I. What effect does the concentration increase in value. 2 • of adult entertainment establishments i. have on the market value of business decrease in value 178 (90. 4%) property ( land, structures , fixtures , ;I etc. ) located in the vicinity of such no effect 2 establishments? . 2 . What effect does the concentration increase in value 2 of adult entertainment establishments have. on the rental value of business decrease in value 169 (85 . 8%) I property located in the vicinity of such establishments? no effect 3 3. What effect does the concentration of increase in rentability/ adult entertainment establishments saleability 2 have on the rentability/saleability of business property located in the decrease in rentability/ 1 vicinity (length of time required to saleability 161 (81 . 7%) i rent or sell property; rate of lessees/ ' 1 buyer turnover; conditions of sale or no effect 3 lease, etc . )? 4 . What- effect. does the concentration of increased income ' 2 adult entertainment establishments: !; have on the annual income of businesses decreased income 149 (75 . 6%) I located in the vicinity. of such. establishments.t no effect 5 I, 1 5. Have any business owners orproprietors yes 71 (36 .9%) ', considered relocating: or' not. expanding ,' their businesses= because of the nearby no 4 (,4.9%) l concentration of adult entertainment establishments? not: known' 96 (48.7%). 1 6 .. In recent years, has the commercial. yes 100 . (50.8%) I. vitality ( sales, profits., etc...) of any . area in. the City of Los. Angeles been no. 57 (28.9%) affected in any way by the nearby concentration of adult entertainment not known (35 .8%) Il. establisshments.?' D-3-1 �a hi.;c i:,_% _ •- ._ - .. .. , 7 . ." y What effect does the concentration of adult entertainment establishments have on the market value of private residences located within the following distances from such establishments? Increase. Decrease No effect Total 1 Less than 500 feet.. . - 148. (100%) - 148 . ,1 I! 500 - 1000 feet 1.45:- (100%) - - 145 . , More than 1000 feet'. - 142:. (95 .9%) . - 148 8. What effect does the concentration of adult entertainment establishments have on _ the rental value of residential income property located within the following distances from such i, establishments? Increase Decrease- No effect Total 1 Less than 500 feet - 143 (99 . 3%) 1 144 , 500 - 1000 feet - 138 (98. 6%) 2 ( 1 .4%) 140 More than 1000 feet - 133 (95%)' 7 (50%) 140 9 . What effect does the concentration of : adult entertainment establishments have on the rentability/saleability of residential property located within the' following- distances from such establish - me n t s:? i,. Increase Decrease. No effect Total ;i Less than. 500- feet - 14`7" (100%) - 147 - 500 - 1000 feet - 141 (99.3%) - 142' More than 1000 feet - - 141 (97 . 2%) - 145 10. (Not tabulated) • In summary, the respondents felt that the, subject. bus messes have a decidedly adverse: impact on surrounding businesses and residential properties' and the: large majority believe that the adverse effect extends beyond the- 1000-foot radius. . V . .. ='__ 0.-3.-2: • Comments indicate concern for: 1 . personal safety, e .g.. assaults 2 . moral effect on children 3 .. safety of property, e. g. vandalism, robbery, etc . !' • 4. neighborhood: appearance. Adult entertainment establishments were described variously as tawdry, tacky, garish , seedy, messy, neglected, untidy, blighted, unkempt . • 5. litter, e . g. cans, bottles , newpapers , etc . , strewn about public and private property,, especially heavy after Saturday night . 6. spillover parking into residential areas . On—site parking is often inadequate . Customers seeking anonymity park at a distance away from any given establishment, on residential streets . 7 . graffiti on public and private property. • • • • • • • • • • i 0.-3-3: APPENDIX E SANTA MONICA BOULEVARD & WESTERN AVENUE NODE CITYWIDE POPULATION 1960 1970 1960 1970 ,, Total Population 18,.484 19,033 2,479 ,015 2,811 ,801 Black 38 340 334 ,916 503, 606 Percentage 0.2 1 .8 13. 5 17 . 9 : ,, Spanish. 540 3,833 260,399 518 , 791 Percentage 3. 7 20. 1 10.5 , 18 .5 Median Age 42. 1 38 .0 33 . 2 30 . 6 Persons 0-17 2,190 3, 126 756 ,640 849 ,246 Percentage 11 .8 16 .4 30 .5' 30 . 2. Persons 65+ 2,437 • 3,334 253 ,993 283 , 395 Percentage 13 . 1 17 .5 10 . 2 10 . 1 No . of Husband & Wife Families 3 , 153 3 , 380 545 , 109 553 , 564 No . of Unrelated Individuals 3 ,833 6, 190 329 ;977 421 , 701 Average Household Size 1 . 95 1 . 90 2 . 77 2 . 68 HOUSING Total Units . 9 ,859 10 , 667 935 ,507 1 ,074 , 173 Singles 2 , 938 1 ,919 559 , 745 560 ,378 Percentage 30 .0 18 .0 59 . 0 52 .0 Multiples. 6,921 8, 748 375 , 762 510 , 261 ' Percentage 70.0. 82 .0. 40 .0 47 .4 Built Pre-1939 7 ,039 5 , 736 481 , 797 328, 988 All Occupied Units 9,226' 9,962 876 ,010 1 ,024,835 Owner" 1 ,330 1,078 404 , 652 419,801 • Percentage. 14.0 11 .0 50.0 39 .0 Renter 7, 896 8, 986 .471 , 358 607, 573 Percentage 86 .0. 89 .0 43 .0. ' 56 .4 ECONOMICS' ' • I Median Family Income 5 ,699. 7,:713- 6 ,896 10,535 Median School Years • Completed 12. 1 12.3. 12 . 1" 12.4 Median Value Owner Occupied in '$. 16 ,450 25 ,825 1.7 ,300 26 , 700 Median Rent in $ 77 105 78 1.14 Total Employed 9,370 ' 9,113 126 ,276 1, 150, 796 Unemployed 900 912 6 ,914 . 86,802 Percentage" 9:6 10 .0 5 . 5. 7.5 \ - • E-1. LANKERSHIM BOULEVARD & WHIPPLE STREET ( Valley Control Area) • NODE. CITYWIDE" POPULATION 1960 1970 1960 1970 Total Population. 5 ,497 5 ,897 2,479 ,015 2,811 ,801. ,I Black 9 2 334 ,916 503,606 Percentage . 0.0 . 1 13 .5 17 .9 Spanish 10.0: 439" 260, 399 518, 791 ;I! Percentage. 1 .8". 7 .4: 10.5 18.5 0 Median Age 42. 1 41 .6 33 .2 30 .6 11 Persons 0-1.7 1,106 . 1,091 756 ,640 849 , 246 r Percentage: 20. 1. 18 .5 30.5 30. 2 I' Persons 65+ 729 1 ,076 253 , 993 283 , 395 J) Percentage • 13..3' 18 .2 10.2 10. 1 k No . of . Husband &. Wife Families 1 ,371.. 1 ,301 545 , 109 553, 564 No . of Unrelated Individu=als 841 1, 337 329 ,977 421 , 701 Average Household Size 2 . 36 2 . 11 2 . 77 2 . 68 f' I. HOUSING Total Units 2 , 520 2,865 935 ,507 1 ,074, 173 Singles 1 , 289 1 , 082 559 , 745 560 ,378 11 Percentage 51 . 2 37 .8 59 . 0 52 . 0 Multiples 1 ,231 1 , 783 375 , 762 510 , 261 Percentage 48 .8 62. 2 40 .0 47 .4 Built Pre-1939 898 813 481, 797 . 328,988 h All Occupied Units 2,328 2, 790 876 ,010 1 ,024, 835 Owner = 1,076 989 404, 652 419,801 Percentage 46 .2. . 35 .4 50 .0 39 .0 Renter 1,252 1, 801 471, 358 607, 573 Percentage 53. 8 64. 6 43.0 56 .4 1 ECONOMICS . . Median Family Income 8,086: " " 13 ,1.54 " 6,896 10,5.35. Median School Years. ' Completed 12..6 - 12..6 12. 1 . • 12.4 Median Value Owner I Occupied in $ 22,.350 37,700 17 ,.300. 26,700 . II Median Rent in S- 92: 136 78 114 i Total Employed 2,.574. 2 ,736 126 ,276 1 , 150, 796 :1 Unemployed. 177 280 6,914 86,.802: Percentage. 6..9 10.2. 5 ._5 . 7.5". 1. E-2 , HOLLYWOOD & WESTERN. . NODE , CITYWIDE , p POPULATION - 1960 1970 1960 1970 Total Population 6,860 8,438 2,479,015 2,811 ,801 Black 3 72 334, 916 503,606 ;r Percentage. . . 1 13 .5 . 17 . 9 ,, Spanish 183: 909 260, 399 518, 791 i Percentage 2.6: 10 .7 10 .5 18. 5 1, Median Age 43 ..9 41.3 33 . 2 30. 6 ;li Persons 0-17 576- 803 756,640 849,246 Percentage 8. 3.. 9'.4 3.0 . 5 30. 2 Persons 65+ 1 , 158 1 ,644 253 ,993 283, 395 i Percentage. 16 .8 19 .4 10.2 1.0. 1 - Il No .' of Husband & . Wife Families 1 ,306 1 ,408 545 , 109 553 ,564 No . of Unrelated Individuals 2,805 . 3,602 329, 977 421 , 701 Average Household Size 1 :76 1 . 62 2 . 77 2 . 68 HOUSING . Total Units 6,773 8,044 935 ,507 1 ,074, 173 Singles 764 702 559 , 745 550, 378 i�. Percentage 11 . 3 8. 7 59 .0 52 .0 Multiples 5 ,818 7 , 559 375 , 762 510, 261 Percentage 85 .9 94.0 40 .0 47 .4 Built Pre-1939 3,731 3 ,037 481, 797 328, 988 All Occupied Units 5 ,996. . 7 ,506 876,010 1 ,02.4,835 Owner 394 420 404,652 419 ,801. Percentage 6.6 5 .6 50.0 . 39 .0 Renter 5 ,602• 7 , 137 471,358 607 ,573 I, Percentage 93.4t . 94.4 ' 43 .0 56 .4 1 , ECONOMICS. ' Median Family Income.. 6,429' 8,537 . . 6,896 10,535 I; Median School Years Completed. 1.2.5:'.: 12.6 ' 12. 1. 12.4 Median Value Owner Occupied:. in $ 22,200 37,333 17 , 300 26,700' Median Rent in $ • 92:- 123 78 1.1.4 Total Employed 6,,535 6, 745 126, 276 1, 150,796 Unemployed. 481 575 6,914 86,802 Percentage. 7 .4 8.5. . . 5 .5 7 .5 Ii E-3- SANTA MONICA BOULEVARD & VERMONT AVENUE NODE CITYWIDE POPULATION 1960 1970 1960 1970 Total Population 16,855 15,73.6 2 ,479,015 2 ,811 ,801 Black 510 1,287 334, 916 503 ,606 Percentage. 3 .0. 8. 2 13.5 17 . 9 Spanish 869 3,936 250,399 518.,.791_ 1, Percentage. 5 . 2: 25 ..0 10:5 18. 5 Median Age 38..8. 34. 2 33 . 2 30.6 Persons 0-17 2,482 2, 751. 756 ,640 849 , 246 C Percentage 14..7 17.5 30.5 30. 2 „ Persons 65+ 2,830 2 ,432 253 , 993 283, 395 b Percentage 16 .8. 15 . 5. 10. 2 10. 1 No. of Husband &. ill Wife Families 3,343 2,720 545 , 109 553, 564 h No . of Unrelated Individuals 4,881 4,818 329, 977 421 , 701. Average Household Size 2 .04 2 .01 2 . 77 2 . 68 1 HOUSING Total .Units 8,866 7 ,982 935 ,507 1 ,074, 173 ,'1, Singles 2 ,655 1 , 913 559 , 745 550, 378 Percentage 30 . 0 24.0 59 .0 52 . 0 Multiples 5 ,531 5 , 081 375 , 762 510, 261 v� Percentage 62.4 76 .2 40.0 47 .4 Built Pre-1939 6,589 4,093 481 ,797 . 328,988 . All Occupied Units 8,274 7,636 876,010 1 ,024,835 Owner 1 ,404 896 404 ,652 419,801 Percentage 17 . 0 11 . 7 50.0 39 .0 I Renter 6.,870 6, 748 471,358 • 607,573 Percentage 83.0. 88.4 43.0 56 .4 i ECONOMICS • Median Family Income 5, 1 901. 8,.142 6 ,896 10,535 Median School Years - I Completed 1.2.2 •.. 12 .5 12 . 1. ' 12 .4 II s Median Value Owner- . . Occupied in $ . 1.5,975 24,100 17,300 26,700 I Median Rent in $. 76 103 78 114 ° Total Employed. . 9,.073 6,528 .126, 276 1, 150, 796 I Unemployed.: 595 465 6, 914 86,802. Percentage 6.6'. 7 . 1 5.5 7. 5 1 E"4 SANTA MONICA BOULEVARD. & VERMONT AVENUE NODE CITYWIDE POPULATION 1960 1970 1960 • 1970 y Total Population 16,855 15, 736 2 ,479,015 2,811 ,801 Black. . 510 1 ,287 334,916 503,606 I. Percentage . 3.0. 8 .2 13 .5.. 17 . 9 ' Spanish, 86.9 3,936 250,399 518., 791. Percentage 5..2. 25 .0 . 10.5 7 . 18. 5 ;! Median. Age 38.8 34. 2 33 .2 30.6. Persons 0-1.7 2,482 2, 751 756 , 640 849 ,246 Percentage 1.4.7 17.5. 30.5 30.2 ,I, Persons 65+ 2,830 2 ,432 253 ,993 283 , 395 ii Percentage 1.6 .8. 15 .,5 10. 2 10. 1. No. of Husband & ,j' Wife Families 3,343 2,720 545, 109 553, 564 No . of Unrelated . Individuals 4,881 . 4,818 329,977 421 , 701 I Average Household Size 2 .04 2 .01 2 . 77 2 . 68 I if II HOUSING ,, Total Units 8, 866 . 7, 982 535 ,507 1 ,074, 173 II Singles 2 ,655 1 , 913 559 , 745 560, 378 ,ii Percentage 30. 0 24 .0 59 .0 52 .0 Multiples 5 ,531 5 , 081 375, 762 510, 261 Percentage- 62 .4 76 . 2 40.0 47 .4 i, Built Pre-1939 6,589 4,093 481 ,797 328,988 All Occupied Units 8,274 7,636 876,010 1 ,024,835 li Owner 1 ,404 8.96 404 ,652 419,801 Percentage. 17 .0.:. 11.7 50.0 . 39 . 0 I; Renter 6,870 6,748 471,358 607 , 5.73- ' Percentage 83.0 88.4 43 .0 56 .4 h I; ECONOMICS i Median Family Income 5,.901 8, 142_ 6,896 10;535 Median School Years Completed 12.2 12..5 12 . 1 12 ..4 Median Value Owner Occupied i n. $. 15,975 . 24, 100 17,300 26,700 I Median Rent in $ 76 . 103 78 11.4 I, Total Employed 9,073 6,528 126,276 1 ,150,796 Unemployed; . 595: . 465 6 , 914 86,802 Percentage . 6.6. 7...1.. . 5. 5 7..5 \, - II • • . SELMA AVENUE CAHUENGA BOULEVARD NODE. . CITYWIDE POPULATION 1960 1970 1960 1970. Total Population 14,886 13 ,827 2 ,479,015 2 ,811 ,801 I Black 43 342 334,916 503 ,606 ;I' Percent"age. .3 2 .5 13 .5 17 . 9 Spanish 840 1,822: 260,399 518,791 Percentage- 5 .6 13. 2. ' 10.5 18. 5 41 Median Age' . 43. 3 39 .81 33 .2 30.6 it Persons 0-17 1,309 1,248 756,640 849,246 Percentage 8.8 9.0 30.5 30. 2 Persons 65+ 2 ,896 . 2, 712 253 ,993 283,395 Percentage. 19 . 5 19 . 6 10. 2 10 . 1 _ No . of Husband & I, Wife Families 2,406 1,876 545 , 109 553,564 No .. of Unrelated Individuals 6,631 5,951 329,977 421, 701 Average Household Size 1 .68 ' 1 . 60 2 . 77 2 . 68 i' I ,, HOUSING ;I Total Units 10,022 9, 680 935 , 507 1 ,074 , 173 Singles 1 , 714 1 , 140 559 , 745 560, 378 Percentage 17 . 1 11 . 8 59 . 0 52 . 0 Multiples 8, 110 8,533 375 , 762 510, 261 I P i Percentage 80 . 9 88 . 2 40 . 0 47 .4 Built Pre-1939 7 ,197 5,161 481 ,797 328,988 f All Occupied Units. 8, 958 .8,65.8 876,010 1 ,024,835 , Owner 812 ., 68.3 404 ,652 419 ,801 I, Percentage 9 . 1 7.9 50 . 0 39 .0 j Renter 8,164 7,965 471 , 358 607 ,573 91:1 92.1` 43 .0 56 .4 !' PercentageIll ,; ECONOMICS. '' i, Median Family Income- 5,535 7,.584- . 6,896 10,535 ill Median School Years - Completed 12.2 .- .12.5: 12 .1 12 .4 Median Value Owner Occupied in $ 20,.125 30,925 17,300 26,700 Median Rent in $ 80 111 78 114 . Total' Employed 8, 112 6,990 126, 276 1, 150,796 Unemployed 998. 943 6,914 86,802 Percentage 12.3 13...5 5 .5 . 7 . 5 \ , E.-5 it' ,I . TUJUNGA BOULEVARD & VENTURA BOULEVARD .- ; - :-4 . NODE CITYWIDE • POPULATION 1960 1970 1960 1970' Total Population 17,544 11 ,599 2,479,015 2,811,801 Black 50_ 44 334, 916 503.,506. Percentage .3 .4 13 . 5 1.7 .9 Spanish - 3-98 758 260, 399 518, 791 fdd Percentage 2.3 6 .5. . 10..5-' • 18'. 5 ,11 fi Median Age 39.6 38.7 33 . 2 30 . 6 ';'. Persons 0-17 3 ,638 2 , 137 756 ,640 849,246 Percentage 20. 7 18.4 30 . 5 30. 2 ii Persons 55+ 1 ,368 1 , 232 253,993 283,395 Percentage .7 .8 . 10.6• 10. 2 10. 1 No.. of Husband & .'' Wife- Families' 4,526 2,664 . 545, 109 553,564 V •No . of Unrelated ;' Individuals 3 , 100 2 ,832 329 , 977 421,701 Average Household Size 2 .36 2 . 17 2 . 77 2 . 68 i, : , ' HOUSING i Total Units ' 8, 110 5 ,529 935 , 507 1 ,074, 173li Singles 4 ,520 2, 716 559 , 745 560, 378 Percentage 55 . 7 49 . 1 59 .0 52 .0 r Multiples 3 ,590 2 ,813 375 , 762 510, 261 Percentage • 44 . 3 50 . 9 40 . 0 47 . 4 Built Pre-1939 2,058 1 ,009 481 , 797 328 ,988 11, . All Occupied Units 7,548 5; 367 876,010 1,024 ,835 , Owner 3,904 2,463 404,652 . 419 ,801 1: Percentage : 51 .4 45 . 9 ' 50 .0 39 .0 Renter f 3,644 2,904 471,358 . ' 607,573 ' Percentage 48.3' 54. 1 . 43 .0 56 .4 II ECONOMICS Median .Family• Income: 9,9.56 ' 15,6-72' 6,896 1.0,535 1:' Median' School Years. 1. Completed 12.6' 12-.9' 12. 1 • . 12 .4 'I Median Value Owner . Occup.ied:. in' $ 23,700 ' 39,650 ' 17,300. 26,.700 Median' Rent in $ - . 98 142' 78: 1.1.4 Total Employed 8,800 5,965 1.26,2.76 ' 1 ,150,796 Unemployed. - 584 504 6,914 86,.802 I Percentage 6.7' 8.4 5 .5. 7.5 ':..��s:':i.,,>'y.�.,w .. per„<?3' . L , HOLLYWOOD BOULEVARD AND HIGHLAND AVENUE I , NODE CITYWIDE POPULATION 1960 1970 1960 1970 Total Population 11 ,438 12,016 2,479 ,015 2,811 ,801 Black 38 326 334,916 503 , 606 Percentage .3 2.7 13 .5 17 . 9 Spanish 357 1 ,509 260, 399 518, 791 Percentage 3 . 1 12 . 6 10..5 18. 5 Median Age 44 . 5 41 .0 33 . 2 30 . 6 Persons 0-17 832 970 756 ,640 849,246 Percentage _ 7. 3 8. 1 30 . 5 , - 30 . 2 Persons 65+ 2 , 281 2 , 379 253 ,993 283,395 Percentage 19 . 9 19 .8 10 . 2 10 . 1 No . of Husband & Wife Families 1 , 718 1 , 606 545 , 109 553 , 564 No . of Unrelated Individuals 5 ,768 6 ,408 329, 9.77 421 , 701 Average Household Size 1 . 57 1 . 56 2 . 77 2 . 68 I HOUSING - Total Units 8, 261 8 , 835 935 , 507 1 ,074 , 173 Singles 1 , 169 858 559 , 745 560,378 I Percentage 14 . 2 9 . 7 59 .0 52 . 0 Multiples 7 ,067 7 ,958 375 ,762 510, 261 Percentage 85 . 5 90. 1 40. 0 47 .4 Built Pre-1939 5 ,768 4,344 481,797 328,988 All Occupied Units 7, 322 7,756 876,010 - 1 ,024 ,835 Owner 559 559 404,652 419 ,801 Percentage 7 .6 7. 2. 50 .0 39 .0 Renter 6, 781. 7 , 197 471,358 607 ,573 Percentage 92 .4 92`.8' • 43 .0 56 .4 ECONOMICS • Median Family Income 5,792 7,510 6,896 10,535 Median- School Years Completed 12 . 3 12 ..6 12. 1 12.4 Median Value Owner Occupied in $ 23,000. 33,3.00 17 ,300 26,700 Median Rent in $ 85' 117 78 114' Total Employed 6,46.9 - 6, 177 126, 276 1 , 150,796 !. Unemployed 861 _ 878 6 ,914 86,802 I. Percentage 13 . 3 14. 2 5 .5 7 . 5 ' ,� K HOLLYWOOD BOULEVARD AND GOWER STREET NODE CITYWIDE POPULATION 1960 1970 1960 1970 Total Population • 7,067 2,342 -, 2.479,015 2,811 ,801. Black 9: 53 . 334,916 503.,606• Percentage ..1. 2..3 13 .5 17 .9 Spanish .. . . 292. 311 260,399 518,791 Percentage 4..1.. 13.3 10.5 18.5; Median Age 45 . 2 37 .3 33. 2 30 . 6 ;� Persons 0-17 567 227 756 ,640 849,2.46 Percentage 8,..0' 9.7 30. 5 30 . 2 is li Persons. 65+ 1 ,445 325 253 ,993 283, 395 Percentage. 20.4 13 .9 10 . 2 10 . 1 No . of Husband & lI I Wife Families 1 ,316 336 545, 109 553,564 i0 No . of Unrelated ;I Individuals 2 ,707 . 1 , 155 329, 977 421 , 701 fI Average Household Size 1 . 74 1 .64 2 . 77 2 . 68 II HOUSING ! Total Units ' 4, 334'. 1 ,571 935,507 1 ,074, 173 11 Singles 669 226 559, 745 560 , 378 Percentage . 15.4 . 14.4 59 .0 . . 52 .0 Multiples •3,463 1,365 375 , 762. 510,261 1 Percentage 84 . 6 85 . 6 40.0' 47 .4 Built - Pre-1939 2,778 726 481 ,797 328, 988 All Occupied. Units 3,924 1,446 '876,010 1,024,835 • Owner 345: 93 404,652 419,801 Percentage 8.8 6.4 50.0 39 .0. r Renter. . ' ° ' 3,579 1 ,353 471,358 607 ,573. Percentage. • 91...2:. 93.6 43.0. 56.4 I;. p1 `- . . . �_ III ECONOMICS II Median Family Income;. 6,102 8,515 6,896 10,535. Median School Years 11 Completed' 12.4 12.4 ' 12.1 12:-..4 '' Median Value. Owner '' Occupied in $ 21,750. • 2.7,600' ' 17,300 26,700 'i' Median Rent in 1 84' 112 78 . 114 Total Employed 3,885 1,430 126,276 1,.150,796 I' 'Unemployed 380: 148' 6,914 86,802 Percentage 9.8 10.3 5.5 7. 5, I 5:::A.�. fi,: •�1j .{ .. _ III • •N `1 4 ` 1, LANKERSHIM BOULEVARD & VINLAND AVENUE NODE CITYWIDE POPULATION ' 1960 1970 . 1960 1970 Total - Population 7 ,600 9 ,344 2 ,479,015 2,811 ,801 Black 1 . 0 334,916 503 ,606 Percentage _ 0 0 13 . 5 17 . 9 Spanish 263 146. 260,399 518,791 Percentage 3.5' ' 1 .6 10.5 18 . 5 , Median Age 4.1.9 38. 7 33. 2 30 .6 Persons 0-17 1.,551. 1 ,697 756,640 849, 2-46 Percentage 20.4 18 .2 30. 5 30 . 2 Persons 65+ 1 ,268 1 , 674 253 ,993 283 , 395 Percentage . 16 .7 17 .9 10._2 . 10. 1" No. of Husband & . Wife Families - 1 ,833 1 ,963 545, 109 553, 564 No . of Unrelated ' • Individuals . 1 ,325 2 ,521 329, 977 421 , 701 ICI Average Household Size 2 . 35 1 . 70 2 . 77 2 . 68 • . , HOUSING • Total Units 3, 558 4 ,897 935 , 507 1 ,074, 173 II Singles , . 1 , 705 1 , 359 559 , 745 560, 378 III Percentage 47 . 9 27 . 8 59 .0 52 . 0 Multiples 1 ,853 3 , 538 375 , 762 510 , 261 Percentage • - 52 . 1 72 . 2 40 . 0 47 . 4 ' Built Pre-1939 ' 1 ,501 1 ,369 481 , 797 328 , 988 I' All Occupied Units 2,711 4,•677 876,010 1 ,024,835 Owner - 1 ,2.13 1 , 143 404,652 419 ,801 l Percentage 44 . 7 24.4 50.0 39 .0 ;' Renter 2,098 3 ,534 . 471 , 358 - 607 ,573 Percentage . 55 .3 75 .6: 43 .0 , 56 . 4 : l i 1 • ECONOMICS I. Median Family Income, 6,690 9,471 6,896 10,535 Median School Years .. Completed. 11.9 12..4 12.1, 12 .4 Median Value . Owner : Occupied in $ 1.7,800. 25,450 17 ,300 . 26, 700 Median Rent in' $ 86 118 78 114 Total' Employed • 3,.483 4,452 126, 276 1,150, 796 Unemployed 26.7 - 291 6 ,914 86 ,802 Percentage ' 7 .7 6.5 ' 5..5. 7 . 5 •I._. f .. ... - . __ �4 C%/-Ai ITi tP—r-%K1 r-% r-%T. .. 5 I 2 ' 5. 130 — \� BEACON _ a' �.d i P v s 4001* c a I r i b / 1 I o 72 9 —.� ST. ul V j 153 146 157 ISO 149 / IIsB Leg 15Z 147 I3M. 131 I . / 11 / w 22 I � ' IB9 I®2 167 .3' Q IY - 23 146 155 152 1 e.� N 9 T Z86 29 30 1::. l: C.. I 10 • 1 i rnc1i NCLDUN ; JR. HIGH , FRED NEL50H SCHOOL JR. HIGH " SCHOOL 1 1 SPRING GLEN i ELEMENTARY 1 SCHOOL 1 SPRING GLEN 1 1 ELEMENTARY 1 SCHOOL 1 1 2T>r+ rt 1 27L " 5T. a F: 1� 1 q�� H s c 4 s x l 5 8 y ~ 0 ©. 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PUSL /C WORKS DIRECTOR 1 I .a 1 // /, __ 0 '1 b .13y 57 �` r h / 31 31 33 H S77 1 / 5. r77]2' sr ss - e , 6 ° i VALLEY GENERAL 5 , M1 a s. o 9 G -'S m ,3 5 H05P/1-AL 3 \3 I I 5 zzRoA I3 «; .,, I 5 43 ac / GPa --J I 57' 93 .eJ Sr _ _ Jr-_ - I I \/ _ i /I �� - i --- MERCER -- -- /� - - - I _--- — I __ , — o�_ -- -I --- - / - _- - __ I W - ¢: 1- I = 1 - 1 __ 3 I - ._-----. I - I ---._-_ S q N D S I x j o�_ i / o- - K, I I I y I I I I_ o I I m I i �-- I � I , I I - �_- y 190 r" ST _ -- _ 1 1 I I , :_ _ 2 / _I ./ _ I.. e _ 3 l ___ J_ z!, - . _ __. _ — , < / / _. - -- - �G 5 // z - / I /� / ___-__ - 9 j, .—_ 1f L- - 9 I5_E 199^•q . 1 _.___ 9 / 8 \ __. I _E -_T r rE b 'I �,_ I , 98 TN `, �y I c II lee J IGa 5 0 s _Lp-- / -5 1 I c a. 2, hl /i <F = w 2 e 9 / b - Iwl "/ 9 gs,y3'sr T I > fTI 16 1( I _ _ I . I 20a gd J_ \/ I --_ 21 - z � ----- -.1I _ _-_-.._- ---�__. 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