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Home My WebLink AboutArcheological Assessment_TECHNICAL MEMO 1508I_December 2015 197 PARFITT WAY SW, SUITE 100 PO BOX 10668, BAINBRIDGE ISLAND, WA 98110 PHONE 206 855-9020 - info@crcwa.com TECHNICAL MEMO 1508I-1 DATE: December 15, 2015 TO: Ed Kommers Seattle Area Plumbing & Pipefitting Industry, Journeyman Apprentice and Training Trust FROM: Glenn D. Hartmann, Principal Investigator RE: Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades - UA Local 32 Facility Expansion Project, Renton, King County, WA DAHP Archaeological Excavation Permit No.: 2015-62 The attached short report form constitutes our report for the above referenced project. No evidence of archaeological or historic sites was found in the project location. No further cultural resources investigations are recommended. Please contact our office should you have any questions about our findings and/or recommendations. CULTURAL RESOURCES REPORT COVER SHEET Author: Sonja Kassa Title of Report: Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades - UA Local 32 Facility Expansion Project, Renton, King County, WA Date of Report: December 15, 2015 County(ies): King Section: 24 Township: 23 N Range: 04 E Quad: Renton, WA (1994) Acres: 0.95 acres PDF of report submitted (REQUIRED) Yes Historic Property Inventory Forms to be Approved Online? Yes No Archaeological Site(s)/Isolate(s) Found or Amended? Yes No TCP(s) found? Yes No Replace a draft? Yes No Satisfy a DAHP Archaeological Excavation Permit requirement? Yes #2015-62 No Were Human Remains Found? Yes DAHP Case # No DAHP Archaeological Site #: 45KI267 •Submission of PDFs is required. •Please be sure that any PDF submitted to DAHP has its cover sheet, figures, graphics, appendices, attachments, correspondence, etc., compiled into one single PDF file. •Please check that the PDF displays correctly when opened. CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 2 Management Summary This report describes the cultural resources assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades – UA Local 32 Facility Expansion Project, Renton, King County, Washington. Seattle Area Plumbing & Pipefitting Industry, Journeyman and Apprentice Training Trust proposes to build a 12,500 square foot addition to an existing facility and increase parking at the facility. This project is adjacent to precontact archaeological site 45KI267. This assessment was developed to identify any previously recorded archaeological or historic sites in the project location and evaluate the potential for the project to affect cultural resources. Cultural Resource Consultants, Inc. conducted background research and field investigations to identify if any as-yet unrecorded archaeological or historical sites were located within the proposed project area. Survey and subsurface testing did not result in the identification of any previously unrecorded archaeological sites. No further cultural resources work is recommended at this location. 1. Administrative Data Report Title: Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades – UA Local 32 Facility Expansion Project, Renton, King County, Washington Author (s): Sonja Kassa Report Date: December 15, 2015 Location: The project is located at 595 Monster Road SW in Renton, King County, Washington. The legal description for this project is Township 23 North, Range 04 East, Section 24 Willamette Meridian. USGS 7.5’ Topographic Map (s): Renton, WA (1994) (Figure 1). Objective (Research Design): This assessment was developed as a component of preconstruction environmental review with the goal of preventing cultural resources from being disturbed during construction of the proposed project by identifying the potential for any as-yet unrecorded archaeological or historic sites within the project area. Cultural Resource Consultants, Inc.’s (CRC) work was intended, in part, to assist in addressing state regulations pertaining to the identification and protection of cultural resources (e.g., RCW 27.44, RCW 27.53). The Archaeological Sites and Resources Act (RCW 27.53) prohibits knowingly disturbing archaeological sites without a permit from the Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP), and the Indian Graves and Records Act (RCW 27.44) prohibits knowingly disturbing Native American or historic graves. CRC’s investigations consisted of review of available project information and correspondence provided by Seattle Area Plumbing & Pipefitting Industry, Journeyman and Apprentice Training Trust and various local environmental and cultural data. CRC also contacted cultural resources staff of the Duwamish Tribe, Muckleshoot Indian Tribe, Snoqualmie Indian Tribe, and Suquamish Tribe to inquire about project-related cultural information or concerns (Attachment A). At the time this assessment was completed, no response indicating any areas of concern had CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 3 been received; however, if new information is provided, it would be incorporated into a revision of this document. Correspondence between DAHP and the City of Renton regarding archaeological permitting for the project is also attached below (Attachment B). This assessment utilized a research design that considered previous studies, the magnitude and nature of the undertaking, the nature and extent of potential effects on historic properties, and the likely nature and location of historic properties within the area of potential effects (APE), as well as other applicable laws, standards, and guidelines (per 36CFR800.4 (b)(1)) (DAHP 2015a). Project Description: This project is located at 595 Monster Road SW, Renton, Washington (Figures 2 and 3). The property parcel consists of 5.53 acres and the area of proposed work encompasses 0.95 of the total acreage. This project entails an approximate 12,500 square foot addition to the existing building on the subject property. The proposed expansion of the building to the southeast will be on the existing paved parking lot. The area of permanent easement or purchase extends to an elevation of 40 feet along the northwest corner of the steep, isolated hill to the southeast. The additional property was purchased from an adjoining property owner in order to relocate and add to existing parking. The building will be a slab on grade; no basement is planned. However, portions of the existing structure will be supported by driven pilings approximately 16 – 20 feet deep. New parking will be constructed with pervious pavement, assisting with stormwater drainage and storage. Approximately 1,118 cubic yards of soil are to be removed and relocated on the subject property. DAHP Archaeological Excavation Permit No.: 2015-62 (Attachment C). Recorded Cultural Resources Present: Yes [ ] No [x] No archaeological or historic sites have been previously recorded within the project. 2. Background Research Background research conducted in October 2015. Context Overview: Cultural resource firms have prepared numerous assessments and monitoring reports in response to development projects surrounding the project vicinity discussed below. The context presented here summarizes environmental, ethnographic, historical, and archaeological context information presented in these reports by reference; archaeological and historic data from the Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP) and the Washington Information System for Architectural and Archaeological Records Data (WISAARD) records search; ethnographic resources (e.g., Waterman ca. 1920, 2001); geological and soils surveys (e.g., USDA NRCS 2015; WA DNR 2015); and historical maps and documents from Bureau of Land Management United States Surveyor General (USSG) Land Status & Cadastral Survey Records database; HistoryLink; Historic Map Works; HistoricAerials (NETR 2015); University of Washington’s Digital Collection, Washington State University’s Early Washington Maps Collection; and in CRC’s library. CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 4 Environmental Context: The project area is geographically situated within the northern or Puget Sound basin of the Puget Trough Province between the Olympic Peninsula and the Northern Cascades (Franklin and Dyrness 1973). This portion of the province is described as a depressed glacial lowland part of which is submerged creating Puget Sound. Late Pleistocene and early Holocene glacial events shaped the geomorphology of the region by creating this broad low-lying province characterized by glacial outwash surfaces and channels. The most recent glacial event in the Puget Sound, termed the Vashon Stade of the Fraser glaciation, began approximately 17,000-18,000 years ago. Rising temperatures roughly 14,000 years ago brought about sudden climatic change causing the glacier to rapidly retreat north. During the Vashon Stade, the advance and retreat of glaciers scoured and compacted underlying geology. This transition into an ice-free regional landscape allowed the area to be suitable for habitation by approximately 11,000 years ago (Kruckeberg 1991:22). The local and regional geomorphology has been previously documented (Collins and Sheikh 2005; Dragovich et al. 1994; Lewarch et al. 1996; Zehfuss et al. 2003) and is summarized as follows. Subsequent to the retreat of glaciers, the Duwamish-Green River Valley was a long, steep-sided fjord termed the Duwamish embayment, which extended approximately 30 miles from the historic Duwamish River delta to Sumner during the early Holocene (ca. 10,000 to 8,000 BP). Sandstone bedrock hills, such as those abutting the project area, were once islands in this embayment. Over time a series of lahars, seismic events, sea level variation caused the delta to prograde, filling in the embayment and creating Duwamish-Green River Valley. Approximately 5,700 years ago, the Osceola Mudflow, a lahar from Mount Rainier, submerged surrounding low-lying topography, changed river drainage patterns, and increased the sedimentation into the Duwamish embayment. Subsequent to this episode, sediments carried to the Duwamish by the Green, White, and Cedar Rivers pushed the delta front seaward. Increased sediment load from the mudflow caused the delta to prograde rapidly at an average rate of about 6.9 m/year (Dragovich et al. 1994). By 2,000 years ago, the delta front had prograded from the Auburn area to near what is now Tukwila (Zehfuss et al. 2003:9, Figure 2). Three post-Osceola lahars also contributed to delta progradation and floodplain aggradation. In addition, lateral channel migration and avulsion have altered the river location. At the confluence of the Green and Black rivers lateral movement, sedimentation, and impounded water formed White Lake. By the time of the USSG survey in 1862, this lake was estimated to be approximately 500 year old (Lewarch et al. 1996). The project area is situated on a low gradient floodplain near the confluence of the Green and Black rivers in the lower valley reach of the Green River. The project area is bounded on the north and west sides by a man made pond or marsh, to the southeast by a large facility structure, and to the southwest by an isolated knoll. The majority of the 5.53-acre parcel has been developed and is hard armored with pavement. In areas that are not developed, the surface geology and soils can be described as follows. The surface geology of the project area is mapped as Quaternary alluvium (WA DNR 2015). This geologic unit is described as unconsolidated or semi-consolidated alluvial clay, silt, sand, gravel, and/or cobble deposits. Locally this material may consist of peat, muck, and diatomite; beach, dune, lacustrine, estuarine, marsh, landslide, lahar, glacial, or colluvial deposits; volcaniclastic or tephra deposits; and/or modified land and artificial fill. CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 5 Soils mapped within the project area consists of Puget silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, in the southeastern corner and Woodinville silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in the southwestern corner (USDA NRCS 2015). Puget silty clay loam forms on floodplains from recent alluvium and is poorly drained. A typical profile is 0 – 45 inches: silty clay loam, and 45 – 60 inches: silty clay. Woodinville silt loam forms on floodplains from alluvium and is also poorly drained. A typical profile of this soil unit is, 0 – 7 inches: silt loam, 7 – 15 inches: silty clay loam, and 15 – 60 inches: stratified muck to silt loam. A series of three geotechnical test pits excavated in the project area have confirmed these mapped soils (Geotech Consultants, Inc. 2014). Sediment stratigraphy observed generally consisted of loose fill, topsoil and/or native silty sand over loose to medium-dense silty sand. Relationship to Archaeological Deposits: Based upon the above geological context, any archaeological resources in the project area would date to the past 2,000 years. Intact archaeological resources, if present, would likely be subsurface deposits. Depositional factors in the project area have been numerous and included lahars, alluvial deposition from flooding, the filling of White Lake, colluvium from the adjacent knoll, and the accumulation of organic material. Archaeological Context: Regional and local archaeological, ethnographic, and historical investigations over the past several decades provide a synthesis for thousands of years of human occupation in Puget Sound and furnish a regional context for evaluating potential archaeology with in the project area (Ames and Maschner 1999; Greengo 1983; Larson and Lewarch 1995; Matson and Coupland 1995; Nelson 1990). Human land use is generally structured around the availability of natural resources found in local environments including fresh water, terrestrial and marine sustenance, forests, and suitable terrain. Archaeology of the Puget Sound region is broadly defined by material differences in habitation sites, tool technology, and subsistence (e.g., Larson and Lewarch 1995). Early evidence of human occupation in the Puget Sound region occurred subsequent to the retreat of glaciers and the subsidence of glacial melt waters at the end of the Pleistocene. As discussed above, any archaeological resources in the property location would date to the past 2,000 years. From approximately 3,000 years B.P., human activity in Puget Sound followed characteristics similar to the ethnographic patterns of seasonal residence and logistical mobility. Organic materials (e.g., basketry and foodstuffs) are more likely to be preserved in sites dating to the late precontact period, both in submerged, anaerobic sites and in sealed storage pits. Sites dating from this period represent specialized seasonal spring and summer fishing and root gathering campsites and winter village locations. These site types have been identified in the Puget Sound lowlands, typically adjacent to, or near, rivers or marine transportation routes. Fish weirs and other permanent constructions are often associated with large occupation sites. Common artifact assemblages consist of a range of hunting, fishing and food processing tools, bone and shell implements and midden deposits. The property is within the traditional territory of the Duwamish Tribe of Southern Lushootseed speakers; however, members of Suquamish and Muckleshoot Tribes also utilized this vicinity in historic times (Spier 1936; Suttles and Lane 1990; Waterman ca. 1920, 2001). Local Indian CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 6 people shared many broadly defined traditions with their inland Puget Sound neighbors, including subsistence emphasis on salmon and other fish, land game, and a wide variety of abundant vegetable foods, and household and village communities linked by family and exchange relations (Suttles and Lane 1990). Major Duwamish winter villages were located on the Cedar, Duwamish, Sammamish, and Black Rivers, Lake Sammamish, Lake Washington, Lake Union, Elliott Bay, and Salmon Bay (Harrington ca. 1909; Miller 1999; Smith 1941:207; Waterman ca. 1920, 1922). Early ethnographers documented locations of villages and names for resource areas, water bodies, and other landscape features from local informants. Smith (1940) notes that there has been numerous naturally and culturally induced changes within the Duwamish River system over time and is important to consider when identifying ethnographic places on modern maps. Smith (1940:15-16) identifies many named places at the southern end of Lake Washington. The name for the confluence of the of the Black and Green (historically White) rivers where they form the Duwamish River was sqw álqó. Two villages are located on the east bank of the White River between the confluence of the Black River and the mouth of the Green River, stak’ and tcutupáltxu, the specific location of these villages are not provided. Waterman (2001:47, 133-134, 148-149) identifies numerous place names surrounding the confluence of the Green and Black rivers in Renton: • An ‘isolated knoll’, referring to Surge Tank Hill, which abuts the southern border of the project. This isolated knoll is where an informant found three piles of snakes, each a yard high. It was understood that this place was part of the “old world” because it had not submitted to transformation by the Transformer. This may reference the fact that the hill was not buried by the Osceola Mudflow. • Sqoa’l-qo, translated as “meeting of rivers” in reference to where the Black River entered the Green (historic White River). The town was on a point of land between these two rivers. • cuhu’dutugwEL, translated as “burning each other” in reference to a sandy point that is occupied by the picnic grounds at Renton junction southeast of the project. During the summer, snakes that swim across the river sometimes get burnt by the sand and die. • b1sq3a’ka, translated as “where there are crows” in reference to a place on the west bank of the Green River. • bstsxEbe’dats, translated as “place of ironwood” in reference to bluff that overhangs the river on the west side where ironwood was gathered. • spa’tus, translated as “going around in a long circle” in reference to a place north of the Black river confluence. • Hwa’utsegwiL, translated as “to carry a canoe over” in reference to a place on the south bank of the Black River east of the project area. Here, canoes were put in a creek leading to a swamp. • Sba’badid, translated as “crags” in reference to an unusually large community house on the Black River below Renton east of the project. Two Traditional Cultural Property (TCP) studies have been conducted in the general project area (Larson 1994, 1995). Surge Tank Hill, the location of 45KI267, is directly adjacent to the project area. This location had been identified by local ethnographers as a place associated with local mythologies. Larson (1994) determined that this place did not meet the criteria to be listed as a CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 7 TCP on the National Register. The Allentown Fishing TCP, also known as 45KI431, located northwest of the project area was an important salmon fishing camp occupied ca. 500 B.P. to A.D. 1880 and appears eligible for listing on the National Register (Larson 1995). Historical Context: The Duwamish people were among a number of tribal signatories of the Point Elliot Treaty of 1855. This treaty called for tribal people to cede their traditional lands and relocate to selected reservations while maintaining the rights to hunt and fish in their traditional lands. The Duwamish Tribe exchanged over 54,000 acres of their homeland, which include the modern day cities of Seattle, Renton, Tukwila, Bellevue, and Mercer Island (Duwamish Tribe 2011). Some Euroamerican subsequently violated this treaty leading to the Indian War of 1855- 1856. Fort Dent, located east of the project area, at the confluence of the Green River and Black rivers played a role in protecting Euroamerican settlers during the Indian Wars. Early industries in the Renton area included mills, agriculture, coal mining, and other economic ventures. Numerous coals mines flourished east of Renton and shortly the area became a hub for the coal mining industry. The need to export these commodities led Renton to be one of the first peripheral communities connected by road to Seattle and subsequently Renton also became a railway hub. Development was steady through the Great Depression and the introduction of the Boeing Company to the town in 1941 set Renton on the track of commercial development thriving today. Historical Maps: Review of historic maps and aerial imagery provides an understanding of the historic and modern land use, and ownership of the project parcel. The USSG (1862a, 1863) maps show the project area inundated by White Lake, which is bisected by the section line between Section 23 and 24 (Figure 3). Here the landscape was described as "Land except swamp, high, dry, rich bottom" (USSG 1862b: 255) and "low, wet bottom soil 1st rate-Timber Cottonwood, Maple and Ash-Undergrowth-Willow" (USSG 1862b:293). The USSG (1863) map is annotated with numerous land claims surrounding the project area; however, no annotations appear on parcels surrounding the project. The Anderson (1907) and Kroll (1912) maps show the project area remained inundated by White Lake. The land surrounding the lake was owned by C. or Christian Jorgenson. The Kroll (1912) map depicts two railroad lines cross the lake north- south, but are not present within the project area. By the mid-1930s the project area was owned by Louis Desimone (Metsker 1936; Figure 4). White Lake does not appear on the map and was presumably filled between 1912 and 1936. Nearby transportation development present on current maps was in place at this time and includes the railroad tracks to the west of the project and Steel Hill Road presently named Monster Road. Historic aerial imagery from 1936 and 1940 show the project area as farmland (NETR 2015). Imagery between 1968 and 1990 depict the project and surrounding area as undeveloped land in a series of vegetated states. A semicircular railroad track is present along the southern boundary of the project in imagery from 1969 to 1995, likely defining the unique shape of the parcel boundary. In 1996, the existing facility on the project parcel was constructed (King County 2015). Despite the filling of White Lake the project parcel and surrounding area remained in part marshland with a series of small manmade or natural ponds appearing periodically on historic topographic maps and in aerial imagery (NETR 2015; Google Earth 2015). DAHP WISAARD: A review of the WISAARD database presents information regarding CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 8 previous cultural resource studies and recorded precontact and historic sites, which assists in gauging the potential for and nature of cultural resources within the project vicinity (DAHP 2015b). Numerous historic inventory properties are located in near the project area (Table 1). Two historic register properties are within one mile of the project area. These properties include: the Nelson James House at 15643 West Valley Road (Garfield 1990) and the Tukwila School or Tukwila City Hall at 14475 59th Avenue South (Baumgart 1978). None of these properties will be affected by the proposed project. Two cemeteries (also listed as archaeological sites 45KI6 and 45KI51) are within 1.2 miles of the project area. Site 45KI6 was a shell midden site buried beneath three meters of river silt and listed as “completely destroyed” on the associated site form (Holmes and Possehl 1963). A review of associated survey reports on WISSARD did not report the presence of human remains at this site. Site 45KI51, originally recorded in 1979, was composed of burnt shell features; lithic material; fish, bird, and mammal bone, and charcoal (Hanley 1979). According to the Cemetery Detail Report (DAHP 2015c), this location was a known Indian village and Indian burial ground since the late 1800s. Seven archaeological sites are located within one mile of the project area; three are historic sites and four are precontact sites (Table 2). The three historic sites are: 45KI538 Columbia and Puget Sound Railroad (Hudson 1996); 45KI768 or Puget Sound Shore Railroad Company Grade (Bundy 2007); and Site 45KI1132 or the Tukwila Interurban historic scatter (Baldwin 2013). Precontact site 45KI6 was previously discussed. Site 45KI59, also known as the Tualdad Altu Site, is a multiple occupation campsite on a remnant natural levee (Vance 1980). Two precontact sites are located adjacent to the project area. Archaeological site 45KI438/45KI438a, also known as the White Lake Site, dates between 500 B.P. and the mid- 1800s (Lewarch 1995). This site is the ethnographic Duwamish winter village of Sqoa'lqo at the confluence of the Green and Black rivers. This village was said to consist of two houses measuring 60 feet by 120 feet. This village was approximately 400 feet northwest of White Lake, named so by Euroamericans. According to Lewarch (1995), this village does not appear on any cartographic maps of the area. Investigations here provided information on hunter-fisher- gatherer subsistence/settlement patterns and village organization. Archaeological site 45KI267 or Swa’wa tix ted is a precontact site that was identified during a survey for an effluent transfer system on Surge Tank Hill (BOAS 1985; Kennedy 1985). The site is located on the isolated knoll southwest of the project. This landform rises approximately 140 feet above the surrounding flood plain surface and consists of volcanic and sandstone bedrock overlain by a thin layer of glacial till. According to Lewarch et al. (1996:3-4), “… the hill was available for hunter-fisher-gatherer use throughout the Holocene, and was an Island in the Duwamish Embayment until approximately 2000 BP. Thus, It certainly was an inviting campsite location for people living in the area prior to 4000 BP”. The site is located from the peak of the knoll at 153 feet to a lower elevation of 50 feet (BOAS 1985). The site extends 335 meters east-west and 365 meters north-south. However, the map from the 1985 testing report covers the hill from an elevation of approximately 70 feet and above and the lowest surface find was between an elevation of 80 and 90 feet (Kennedy 1985:Figure 3). CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 9 The estimated vertical depth of the site is 60 centimeters based on subsurface testing. According to Waterman’s (2001:134) ethnographic named places, this isolated knoll is where an informant found three piles of snakes, each a yard high. It was understood that this place was part of the “old world” because it had not submitted to transformation by the Transformer. Material observed during survey and monitoring was determined to be potentially historically significant. As a consequence, archaeological testing was recommended to determine the extent of the site within the project boundaries, site type, and density of cultural material. Eight 1 x 1 meter units were excavated, the results of which can be summarized as thus (Kennedy 1985): • Test pits 6 and 7 did not yield cultural materials and appeared minimally disturbed. • Test pit 1 did not yield cultural materials and encountered fill. • Test pits 2 and 8 encountered fill. • Test pit 3 yielded one core and the depositional context revealed scraping and leveling. • Test pits 4 and 5 revealed scraping and leveling. No detailed information was provided as to the type and quantity of archaeological material recovered from the test pits. Twelve artifacts were collected from the surface of a bulldozed road in the northeastern area and it was determined that the site could potentially be intact in this area. Recovered artifacts from surface collection and testing included: four cobble tools, sixed used flakes and chunks, three cores, and 21 unused flakes. These stone tools were made from local siltstone, basalt, chert, and quartzite and were determined to resemble Olcott Phase lithic material (4,000-8,000 years ago). The depositional contexts of the test pits and surface exposures provide evidence of previous historical disturbance in the area. Consequently, it was determined that the spatial distribution of the recovered artifacts was likely a product of landform alteration relating to hill top leveling and road building. It was concluded that the site was not historically significant, but that “archaeological examination of the project area should be conducted during clearing operations due to reported human burials” (Kennedy 1985: 2). Numerous cultural resources reports and monitoring reports have been conducted within the project vicinity in response to growing development. For the purposes of this report, those directly adjacent to the project and those providing a detailed overview of the surrounding area were reviewed. The majority of cultural resources surveys conducted adjacent to the project area did not identify any historic properties (Bangs 1996; Cagle 2011; Ellis and Erickson 2000; Juell 2001; Mathews 2015; Robbins et al. 2007; Robbins and Dugas 2000, 2001; Robinson 1995; Shong 2004; Trudel et al 2004). Fernandez (2011) identified historic railroad bridges and a pipeline utility bridge; however, neither appeared eligible for listing on the National Register. As previously discussed above, Lewarch et al (1996) conducted data recovery at the Allentown Site (45KI431) and the White Lake Site (45KI438 and 45KI438A) located northwest of the proposed project. 3. Relationship to Archaeological Site 45KI267 Archaeological Site Alteration & Excavation Permit: According to correspondence between DAHP and the City of Renton it was determined that the proposed project was within the CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 10 boundaries of archaeological site 45KI267. Consequently, an Archaeological Site Alteration & Excavation Permit jointly held by CRC and the Seattle Area Plumbing & Pipefitting Industry, Journeyman and Apprentice Training Trust was obtained. The following provides a synopsis of the background research regarding the known relationship between the project area and archaeological site 45KI267. Site Proximity: Site 45KI267 was described on the 1985 site form as being on an isolated hill or knoll, with the site boundary delineated by the extent of the hill (335 m E-W by 365 m N-S) to an elevation of 50 feet (BOAS 1985). The map from the 1985 testing report covers the hill from an elevation of approximately 70 feet and above (BOAS 1985) and the lowest surface find was between 80 and 90 feet (Kennedy 1985:Figure 3). The base of this hill is in the southern part of the project; however, the maximum elevation of the project is 40 feet. The King County iMAP shows that land modification had taken place since the 1980s and has altered parts of the hill, but not the northwestern edge of the hill in and adjacent to the project. Mapping the site data in conjunction with the project boundaries provides a better understanding the spatial relationship between these properties (Figure 6): • The site boundary provided on the site form by BOAS (1985) appears to have been an arbitrary boundary and is largely outside of the area reportedly surveyed and tested by Kennedy (1985: Figure 3). • Available data does not indicate that archaeological materials have been documented outside of this area. • There is a 10-foot elevation difference between the highest elevation mapped in the project area and the lowest of the arbitrary boundary. • There is over a 360-foot linear distance between the project boundary and mapped site area (Kennedy 1985). Geomorphological Context: The project area is situated on a low gradient, floodplain composed of recent alluvial deposits. Based on reviewed geomorphological research, this landform prior to approximately 2,000 years ago was a marine embayment, indicating the property has the potential to contain archaeological sites dating from ca. 2,000 years B.P. to the historic period. Soils mapped in the project area form on flood plains from alluvium, some of which has undergone recent deposition. Consequently, sites older than 2,000 years B.P. should occur on high points above the contemporary floodplain. Archaeological site 45KI267, is located on an isolated knoll, 15 to 30 percent slopes, above the floodplain composed of glacial till over residuum from sandstone (USDA NRCS 2015). Prior to 2,000 years B.P. this knoll was a sandstone bedrock island in the Duwamish embayment and was likely available for human use throughout the Holocene (Lewarch et al. 1996). Based on differences in geomorphology between the project area and 45KI267, the landform of the project area is approximately 2,000 years younger than the lower limit of diagnostic lithic material recovered. Consequently, it does not seem feasible for 45KI267 to extend into the project area as the landform is not old enough to support such deposits unless as relocated as secondary deposits from land moving activities. CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 11 4. Archaeological Expectations Archaeological Predictive Model: The DAHP statewide predictive model uses environmental data about the locations of known archaeological sites to identify where previously unknown archaeological sites are more likely to be found. The model correlates locations of known archaeological to environmental data “to determine the probability that, under a particular set of environmental conditions, another location would be expected to contain an archaeological site (Kauhi and Markert 2009:2-3). Environmental data categories included in the model are elevation, slope, aspect, distance to water, geology, soils, and landforms. According to the model, the project location is ranked as having a high potential to contain archaeological sites. Geomorphological Context: Based upon the above geological context, any archaeological resources in the project area would date to the past 2,000 years. Intact archaeological resources, if present, would likely be subsurface deposits. Depositional factors in the project area have been numerous and included lahars, alluvial deposition from flooding, the filling of White Lake, colluvium from the adjacent knoll, and the accumulation of organic material. Land Use Patterns: Human land use in the project vicinity dates back to 4,000-8,000 years ago based on lithic material recovered at 45KI267 located on the knoll southwest of the project area. Human land use within the river valley is known to date between 500 B.P. and the mid-1800s. Known precontact / ethnographic use of the project vicinity consisted of winter villages, burial grounds, short-term camps, and names places the remnants of which resulted in the local archaeological material record (e.g., shell midden, lithic scatters, etc.) that represent a range of domestic, subsistence and ceremonial activities. Historical land use of the vicinity was associated with the formation of transportation routes by road and rail, homesteading, and agriculture. Activity directly within the project area likely occurred only after the filling of White Lake that is present in early maps. Despite this, the area surrounding much of the project is still wetland outside of modern development and filling and the railroad corridor. Railroad construction and operation, and agriculture are the only historic era activates recorded within the immediate project area. Archaeological Expectations: Following the above lines of evidence, it is not expected that neighboring archaeological site 45KI267 extends within the project area as the landform of the project area is 2,000 years younger than the lower limit of the deposits identified at 45KI267. It also appears less likely that the immediate project area was used prior to the filling of White Lake in the early 1900s. Consequently, precontact archaeology within the project area likely consisted of that transient in nature such as resource gathering and overland travel. Historic era material likely includes infrastructure or objects associated with railroad building and agriculture. 5. Field Investigations Total Area Examined: The entire project (less than 1 acre). Areas not examined: None. CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 12 Date(s) of Survey: December 10, 2015 Weather and Surface Visibility: Weather consisted of overcast skies with periodic heavy rain showers. Surface visibility of native mineral soils was very poor as the project area consisted of dense invasive species and imported fill. Fieldwork conducted by: Sonja Kassa and Zach Allen. Notes are on file with CRC. Fieldwork consisted of surface survey and subsurface testing via hand excavated shovel test probes (STPs). Prior to subsurface testing, the archaeologist conducted a pedestrian survey of the project in an effort to understand the current condition and gauge the potential for as yet unknown archaeology within the project boundary. Much of the project area was covered by existing parking lot infrastructure and was where the majority of the facility expansion would take place (Figures 7 and 8). The non-paved project area can be described as a section of land between the existing paved parking lot and the side of the steep knoll. Numerous line of evidence were visible regarding human and natural modifications; these included small landslide areas, downed trees, an excavated and hard armored stream area, underground utilities, push piles, imported fill, and existing railroad track extending the length of the project (Figures 9 - 11). The terrain mainly consisted of the existing railroad grade aligned with a topographic low filled with water before increasing in elevation along the side of the knoll. Surface visibility was generally precluded by the presence of thick nonnative, invasive vegetation (i.e., Himalayan blackberry) that thrives in disturbed soils. Ten STPs were excavated to observe subsurface conditions. STPs were placed on either side of the existing railroad track present through the center of the project and along a small bench at the base of the knoll out side of the visible slide area (Figure 12). All sediments were screened through 1⁄4-inch hardware mesh to isolate artifacts. The probes were 30 – 40 centimeters in diameter and reached depths ranging from 35 to 87 centimeters below surface (Table 3). Sediments in the probes were consistent with the locally mapped soil units (very compact silt and clay) and modern fill from parking lot and railroad construction was present (Figures 13 - 22). Coal fragments were found intermixed with sediments along the railroad tracks and was presumably attrition from open coal cars. Ground water was encountered in the majority of the STPs. All probes were negative for archaeological material. Probes were backfilled following documentation. 6. Results Cultural Resources Identified: None. Project Conclusions, Findings and Recommendations: Background research and field investigations did not result in the identification of elements of precontact archaeological site 45KI267 within the project area. The majority of the facility expansion area is paved with a narrow unpaved corridor between the paved parking lot and the steep grade of the adjacent knoll. As previously stated and depicted in photographs numerous human and natural modifications were noted here during field reconnaissance. CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 13 In the unlikely event that ground disturbing or other activities do result in the inadvertent discovery of archaeological deposits (see protocol in Attachment C), work should be halted in the immediate area and contact made with the State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation in Olympia. Work should be halted until such time as further investigation and appropriate consultation is concluded. In the unlikely event of the inadvertent discovery of human remains, work should be immediately halted in the area, the discovery covered and secured against further disturbance, and contact effected with law enforcement personnel. No historic properties affected [x] Historic properties affected [ ] No adverse effect to historic properties [ ] Adverse effect to historic properties [ ] Attachments: Figures [x] Photographs [x] Other [x] Copies of project related correspondence between CRC and Tribal cultural resources staff. [x] DAHP correspondence [x] DAHP archaeological excavation permit. [x] Proposed inadvertent discovery protocol. 7. Limitations of this Assessment No cultural resources study can wholly eliminate uncertainty regarding the potential for prehistoric sites, historic properties or traditional cultural properties to be associated with a project. The information presented in this report is based on professional opinions derived from our analysis and interpretation of available documents, records, literature, and information identified in this report, and on our field investigation and observations as described herein. Conclusions and recommendations presented apply to project conditions existing at the time of our study and those reasonably foreseeable. The data, conclusions, and interpretations in this report should not be construed as a warranty of subsurface conditions described in this report. They cannot necessarily apply to site changes of which CRC is not aware and has not had the opportunity to evaluate. 8. References Ames, K. M. and Maschner, H. D. G. 1999 Peoples of the Northwest Coast: Their Archaeology and Prehistory. Thames & Hudson, London. Anderson Map Company 1907 Page 12 - Township 23 North, Range 4 East. In Atlas of King County 1907. Electronic document, http://www.historicmapworks.com/Map/US/1250012/Page+12+++Township+23+North++R ange+4+East/King+County+1907/Washington/, accessed October 14, 2015. CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 14 Baldwin, Garth 2013 State of Washington Archaeological Site Inventory Form, 45KI1132. On file at DAHP, Olympia. Bangs, Eric W. 1996 Cultural Resource Monitoring of the Waterworks Project at King County’s East Division Reclamation Plant, Renton, Washington. LAAS. Submitted to Black and Veatch Waste Science Incorporated. On file at DAHP, Olympia. Baumgart, Melanie 1978 National Register of Historic Places Inventory – Nomination Form, Tukwila School. On file at DAHP, Olympia. BOAS 1985 Master Site File, 45KI267. On file at DAHP, Olympia. Bundy, B. 2007 State of Washington Archaeological Site Inventory Form, 45KI768. On file at DAHP, Olympia. Cagle, Anthony J. 2011 An Archaeological Survey of the Sanft Property, Tukwila, King County, Washington. Cascadia Archaeology. Submitted to Louie Sanft. On file at DAHP, Olympia. Collins, Brian, and Amir Sheikh 2005 Historical Aquatic Habitats in the Green and Duwamish River Valleys and the Elliott Bay Nearshore, King County, Washington. Department of Earth and Space Science, University of Washington. Submitted to County Department of Natural Resources and Parks, Seattle. On file at DAHP, Olympia. Dragovich, Joe D., Patrick T. Pringle, and Timothy J. Walsh 1994 Extent and Geometry of the Mid-Holocene Osceola Mudflow in the Puget Lowland – Implications for Holocene Sedimentation and Paleogeography. Washington Geology 22(3):3-26. Duwamish Tribe 2011 Culture and History. Electronic document, http://www.duwamishtribe.org/culture.html, accessed October 15, 2015. Ellis, David V., and Lori Erickson 2000 Archaeological Monitoring at Three Locations for the Level 3 construction Project From the Lewis River to Seattle. Archaeological Investigations Northwest, Inc. Submitted to Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas, Inc. On file at DAHP, Olympia. CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 15 Fernandez, Trish 2011 Cultural Resources Survey Report Lake to Sound Trail – Segment A. ICF International. Submitted to King County Department of Transportation. On file at DAHP, Olympia. Franklin, J. F., and C. T. Dyrness 1973 Natural Vegetation of Oregon and Washington. Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Portland, Oregon. Garfield, L. 1990 National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, James Nelson House. On file at DAHP, Olympia. Geotech Consultants, Inc. 2014 Geotechnical Engineering Study. Geotech Consultants, Inc. Submitted to Seattle Area Pipe Trades. On file at Seattle Area Pipe Trades. Google Earth Imagery 2015 Google Earth. (Version 7.1.5.1557) [Software]. Available from http://www.google.com/earth/index.html, accessed October 13, 2015. Greengo, Robert E. (editor) 1983 Prehistoric Places on the Southern Northwest Coast. Thomas Burke Memorial Washington State Museum, University of Washington, Seattle. Hanley, John R. 1979 Master Site File, 45KI51. On file at DAHP, Olympia. Harrington, John P. ca. 1909 John P. Harrington Papers. National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution. Reel 15, 1907-1957, on microfilm held by Suzzallo Library, University Washington, Seattle. Holmes, Brian G., and Gregory L. Possehl 1963 University of Washington Archaeological Field Forms Site Survey Form, 45KI6. On file at DAHP, Olympia. Hudson, Lorelea 1996 State of Washington Archaeological Site Inventory Form, 45KI538. On file at DAHP, Olympia. Juell, Kenneth E. 2001 Cultural Resources Inventory of the Proposed Washington Light Lanes Project Route 5 Backbone Interstate – 405 (MP 0 to MP 11) From Interstate – 5 to Interstate- 90. NWAA. Submitted to David Evans & Associates, Inc. On file at DAHP, Olympia. CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 16 Kauhi, Tonya C., and Joanne Markert 2009 Washington Statewide Archaeology Predictive Model Report. GeoEngineers, Seattle. Kennedy, Hal 1985 The METRO Renton Effluent Transfer System Archaeological Testing, Site 45-KI-267, ETS-3C. BOAS, Inc. Submitted to URS Corporation. On file at DAHP, Olympia. King County Department of Assessments (King County) 2015 Parcel Search. Electronic document, http://info.kingcounty.gov/Assessor/eRealProperty/Dashboard.aspx?ParcelNbr=2423049122 , accessed October 13, 2015. Kroll Map Company 1912 Township 23 N Range 4 E. In Kroll’s Atlas of King County 1912. Electronic document, http://www.historicmapworks.com/Map/US/503560/Township+23+N+Range+4+E/King+C ounty+1912/Washington/, accessed October 13, 2015. Kruckeberg, A. R. 1991 The Natural History of Puget Sound County. University of Washington Press. Seattle. Larson, Lynn 1994 Renton Waterworks Project Traditional Cultural Property Study. Larson AnthropologicaJ/ Archaeological Services. Submitted to Brown and Caldwell Consulting Engineers. On file at DAHP, Olympia. 1995 Alki Transfer/CSa Facilities Project. Traditional Cultural Property Study: Summary of Findings. LAAS Technical Report #95-12/1. Larson AnthropologicaJ/Archaeological Services, Seattle. Submitted to HDR Engineering, Incorporated, Bellevue. On file at DAHP, Olympia. Larson, Lynn L., and Dennis E. Lewarch (editors) 1995 The Archaeology of West Point, Seattle, Washington: 4,000 Years of Hunter-Fisher Gatherer Land Use in Southern Puget Sound. Larson Anthropological Archaeological Services. On file at DAHP, Olympia. Lewarch, Dennis 1995 National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, 45KI438 and 45KI438A. On file at DAHP, Olympia. Lewarch, Dennis, Lynn L. Larson, Leonard A. Forsman, Guy F.. Moura, Eric W. Bangs, Paula Mohr Johnson 1996 King County Department of Natural Resources Water Pollution Control Division Alki Transfer/CSO Facilities Project Allentown Site (45KI431) and White Lake Site (45KI438 and 45KI438A) Data Recovery. Larson Anthropological/Archaeological Services. Submitted to HDR Engineering, Incorporated. On file at DAHP, Olympia. CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 17 Mathews, Bethany K. 2015 Cultural Resource Survey Memorandum for the Amended APE for the Lake to Sound Trail, Segment A, King County, Washington. Aqua Terra. Submitted to Parametrix. On file at DAHP, Olympia. Matson, R. G., and G. Coupland 1995 The Prehistory of the Northwest Coast. Academic Press, San Diego. Metsker Maps 1936 Township 23 N., Range 4 E., Sunnydale, Foster, Riverton. In Metsker’s Atlas of King County 1936. Electronic document, http://www.historicmapworks.com/Map/US/1260031/Township+23+N+++Range+4+E+++ Sunnydale++Foster++Riverton/King+County+1936/Washington/, accessed October 14, 2015. Miller, Jay, and Astrida R. Blukis Onat 2004 Winds, Waterways, and Weirs: Ethnographic Study of the Central Link Light Rail Corridor. BOAS, Inc. Submitted to Sound Transit. On file at DAHP, Olympia. Nationwide Environmental Title Research, LLC (NETR) 2015 Historic Aerials. Electronic Resource, http://www.historicaerials.com/?javascript, accessed October 13, 2015. Nelson, Charles M. 1990 Prehistory of the Puget Sound Region. In Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 7: Northwest Coast, pp. 481-484. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. Robbins, Jeffery R., and Amy E. Dugas 2000 Fort Dent Park Soccer Fields #7 and #8 Improvement Project Cultural Resources Assessment, Tukwila, King County, Washington. Compliance Archaeology LLC. Submitted to MacLeod Reckord Landscape Architects. On file at DAHP, Olympia. 2001 Fort Dent Park New Rugby Field Project Cultural Resource Assessment, Tukwila, King County, Washington. Compliance Archaeology LLC. Submitted to Osborn Pacific Group Inc. On file at DAHP, Olympia. Robbins, Jeffery R., Leonard Foresman, Dennis E. Lewarch, and Lynn L. Larson 1997 Landsburg Master Plan, King County, Washington Cultural Resources Assessment. Larson Anthropological/Archaeological Services. Submitted to Raytheon Engineers and Constructors. On file at DAHP, Olympia. Robinson, Joan M. 1995 Archaeological Monitoring of the Washington State Department of Transportation’s SR 405: SR 181/Green River Interchange Project, King County, Washington. Archaeological and Historical Services. Submitted to Washington State Department of Transportation. On file at DAHP, Olympia. CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 18 Shong, Michael 2004 Archaeological Monitoring at the South Treatment Plant Cogeneration Facility, City of Renton, King County, Washington. NWAA. Submitted to King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks. On file at DAHP, Olympia. Smith, Marian W. 1940 The Puyallup-Nisqually. Columbia University Press, New York. 1941 The Coast Salish of Puget Sound. American Anthropologist 43(2):197-211. Spier, Leslie 1936 Tribal Distribution in Washington. General Series in Anthropology, Number 3. George Banta Publishing Company, Menasha, Wisconsin. Suttles, Wayne, and Barbara Lane 1990 Southern Coast Salish. In Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 7: Northwest Coast, edited by Wayne Suttles, pp. 485-502. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. Trudel, Stephanie E., Dennis E. Lewarch, and Lynn Larson 2004 Southern Treatment Plant Cogeneration Facility Archaeological Resources Assessment, City of Renton, King County, Washington. Larson Anthropological/Archaeological Services Limited. Submitted to King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks Wastewater Treatment Division. On file at DAHP, Olympia. United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA NRCS) 2015 Web Soil Survey, Washington. Electronic resource, http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/WebSoilSurvey.aspx, accessed October 13, 2015. United States Surveyor General (USSG) 1862a Township: 023-0N Range: 004-0E. Electronic document, http://www.blm.gov/or/landrecords/survey/yPlatView1_2.php?path=PWA&name=t230n040 e_001.jpg, accessed October 14, 2015. 1862b General Land Office Surveyor's Notes, Township 23 North, Range 4 East, Willamette Meridian Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Olympia. 1863 Township: 023-0N Range: 004-0E. Electronic document, http://www.blm.gov/or/landrecords/survey/yPlatView1_2.php?path=PWA&name=t230n040 e_002.jpg, accessed October 14, 2015. Vance, E.D. 1980 Master Site File, 45KI59. On file at DAHP, Olympia. Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP) 2015a Washington State Standards for Cultural Resources Reporting 2015. On file at DAHP, Olympia. CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 19 2015b Washington Information System for Architectural and Archaeological Records Data (WISAARD) database. Electronic resource, https://secureaccess.wa.gov/dahp/wisaard/, accessed October 19, 2015. 2015c Cemetery Detail Report, Sbabadid Site Burials. On file at DAHP, Olympia. Washington State Department of Natural Resources (WA DNR) 2015 Washington Interactive Geologic Map. Division of Geology and Earth Resources – Washington’s Geological Survey. Electronic resource, https://fortress.wa.gov/dnr/geology/, accessed October 13, 2015. Waterman, T. T. ca.1920 Puget Sound Geography. Unpublished manuscript, Allen Library, University of Washington, Seattle. 2001 sda?da? gweł dibeł lešucid ?acaciłtalbixw Puget Sound Geography. Vi Hilbert, Jay Miller, and Zalmai Zahir, contributing editors. Lushootseed Press, Federal Way. Zehfuss, Paul H., Brian F. Atwater, James W. Vallance, Henry Brenniman, and Thomas A. Brown 2003 Holocene lahars and their byproducts along the historical path of the White River between Mount Rainier and Seattle: Geological Society of America Field Trip. In Western Cordillera and adjacent areas: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Field Guide 4, edited by Terry W. Swanson, pp. 209-223. CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 20 9. Figures and Tables Figure 1. USGS Renton, WA (1994) 7.5-minute quadrangle annotated in red with the project area. CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 21 Figure 2.Proposed Seattle Pipe Trades Expansion plans. CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 22 Figure 3. Proposed Seattle Pipe Trades Expansion, Grading and Drainage Plan. TOPO 'A'TOPO 'B ' T O PO ' C ' T O P O ' D ' T O P O ' E ' TO P O ' F ' T O P O ' G ' TOP O ' H ' TOPO 'I' TOPO 'J'C:\Users\pwilhelm\Documents\WC Tech\Seattle Pipe Trades\SPT-C2.0-Grading-Drainage.dwg, 5/2/2015 3:49:59 PM, pwilhelm CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 23 Figure 4. USSG (1862a) map annotated with the project parcel, located within White Lake. Figure 5. Metsker (1936) map annotated with the project parcel, White Lake had been filled. CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 24 Figure 6. Google Earth (2015) imagery illustrating the project parcel annotated in red, site 45KI267 as defined by the 50-foot contour annotated in green, and Kennedy’s report (1985:Figure 4). CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 25 Figure 7. Overview of the facility expansion area abutting the existing facility, view is to the northwest. Figure 8. Overview of the facility expansion area. The parking lot will extend into the non-paved area characterized by dense vegetation, view is to the southwest. CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 26 Figure 9. Overview of ground disturbance within the project area. Excavated sediments are present in the foreground and a fallen tree in the background, view is to the southeast. Figure 10. Overview of the railroad tracks extending the length of the project area approximately east-west, view is to the west. This section of track was recorded as a historic site by the author. CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 27 Figure 11. Overview of the project area depicting observed conditions photographed from the paved parking lot, view is to the south. Archaeological site 45KI267 is located outside of the photograph on the knoll southwest. Figure 12. Google Earth (2015) imagery annotated with the project parcel (red polygon), the approximate area of expansion and grading (yellow polygon), and the location of excavated STPs. CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 28 Figure 13. Photograph of STP #1. Figure 14. Photograph of STP #2. CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 29 Figure 15. Photograph of STP #3. Figure 16. Photograph of STP #4. CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 30 Figure 17. Photograph of STP #5. Figure 18. Photograph of STP #6. CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 31 Figure 19. Photograph of STP #7. Figure 20. Photograph of STP #8. CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 32 Figure 21. Photograph of STP #9. Figure 22. Photograph of STP #10. CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 33 Table 1. Historic property inventory structures adjacent to the project area, Address Year Built Historic/Common Name Building Use Anticipated Effects 601 Monster Rd SW Renton, WA 1956 None Industry/Processing/Extraction - Manufacturing Facility None 15031 Monster Rd Renton, WA 1901 Fred Nelson House/Jacob Nielson House Single family home None 1215 Monster Rd SW Renton, WA 1968 None Commerce/Trade - Professional None 515 Monster Rd SW Renton, WA 1966 None Commerce/Trade - Business None 1200 Monster Rd SW Renton, WA 1965 Renton Sewage Treatment Plant/ South Treatment Plant FS#138 Government - Public Works None Monster Rd S Tukwila, WA 1940/1975 Pipe Utility Bridge N/A None Monster Rd S Tukwila, WA 1905/1988 BNSF Bridges 9.7X A and B Transportation - Rail-Related None Table 2. Archaeological sites located within one mile of the project area. Archaeological Site DAHP Site Type DAHP Listing Status Approximate Distance to Project Area Anticipated Effects 45KI6 Pre Contact Camp, Pre Contact Fishing Station, Pre Contact Lithic Material, Pre Contact Shell Midden Inventory 0.70 None. 45KI59 Pre Contact Camp, Pre Contact Lithic Material Inventory 0.85 None. 45KI267 Precontact Lithic material Inventory 0.08 miles None. 45KI438 Pre Contact Camp, Pre Contact Isolate, Pre Contact Lithic Material, Pre Contact Shell Midden Determined Eligible National Register 0.20 None. 45KI538 Historic Railroad Properties Potentially Eligible 0.20 None. 45KI768 Historic Railroad Properties Potentially Eligible 0.45 None. 45KI1132 Historic Debris Scatter/Concentration, Historic Railroad Properties Determined Not Eligible National Register 0.35 None. CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 34 Table 3. Summary table of STPs excavated within the project boundary. Probe # Probe Location (WGS84 Zone 10 UTM coordinates, +/- 3 meters) Stratigraphic Description (depths are centimeters below surface [cmbs]) Archaeological Materials Found 1 556855 m E 5257958 m N 0-42: Grey silt with angular gravels and small to medium cobbles / asphalt fragments /charcoal fragments 42-56: Rust orange very compact silt mottled with grey silt 42: Water seepage None. 2 556852 m E 5257941 m N 0-49: Rust orange silt clay with grey silt mottling / few sub-rounded cobbles / charcoal fragments 49-68: Rust orange silt clay with light grey silt sand mottling / few sub-rounded cobbles / charcoal fragments / organics 53: Water table None. 3 556839 m E 5257931 m N 0-17: Small sub-rounded gravels 17-33: Grey silt with small to medium cobbles and gravels 33-45: Rust orange very compact silt clay / charcoal fragments 45: Water seepage None. 4 556838 m E 5257919 m N 0-18: Brown silt 18-27: Black stained silt with coal 27-51: Rust orange very compact sandy silt with light grey sand pockets / coal None. 5 556824 m E 5257915 m N 0-21: Small sub-rounded gravel 21-35: Grey compact silt with small to medium cobbles 35-48: Grey gravelly silt 48-66: Grey compact silt clay with rust orange silt mottling / charcoal fragments None. 6 556819 m E 5257902 m N 0-35: Brown silt sand 16: Water Charcoal stained pocket below water table None. 7 556843 m E 5257917 m N 0-16: medium brown silt 16-32: Light brown silt with mottled dark grey organics 32-51: Tam very compact silt clay 40: Water None. 8 556853 m E 5257930 m N 0-47: Brown-Rust orange silt with small cobbles and roots 47-52: Grey very compact silt clay with rust orange and black mottling 39: Water None. 9 556856 m E 5257938 m N 0-24: Medium brown- grey silt 24-78: Mottled brown- rust orange silt with grey fine sand pockets 77: Brown glass fragment and coal fragments 78-87: Light grey very compact silt clay 85: Water table None. 10 556830 m E 5257906 m N 0-18: Medium brown – grey silt 18-69: Tan silt sand with brown silt mottling and coal fragments 65: Brick fragment 69-76: Charcoal stained sand 73: Water table None. CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 35 Attachment A. Project correspondence between CRC and area Tribes. PO BOX 10668, BAINBRIDGE ISLAND, WA 98110 PHONE 206.855.9020 - info@crcwa.com October 13, 2015 Snoqualmie Indian Tribe Steven Mullen-Moses 8130 Railroad Ave, Suite 103 PO Box 969 Snoqualmie, WA 98065 Re: Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades-UA Local 32 Facility Expansion Project, Renton, King County, WA Dear Steven: I am writing to inform you of a cultural resources assessment for the above referenced project and to seek additional information about the project area the Tribe may have that is not readily available through other written sources. The project is located in Section 24, Township 23 North, Range 04 West Willamette Meridian at 595 Monster Road SW in Renton, King County, Washington. Seattle Area Plumbing & Pipefitting Industry, Journeyman and Apprentice Training Trust is requesting this assessment prior to development at 595 Monster Road SW. The project will add approximate 12,500 sf addition to the existing building. Additional property was purchased from an adjourning property owner in order to relocate and add to existing parking. The building will be slab on grade, no basement; however, portions of the existing structures will be supported by driven pilings approximately 16-20 feet deep. New parking will be constructed with pervious pavement, assisting with storm water drainage/storage. We are in the process of reviewing available information. Background research will include a site files search at the Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, review of previously recorded cultural resource reports, and review of pertinent published literature and ethnographies. Results of our investigations will be presented in a technical memo. We are aware that not all information is contained within published sources. Should the Tribe have additional information to support our assessment, we would very much like to include it in our study. Please contact me should you wish to provide any comments. I appreciate your assistance in this matter and look forward to hearing from you. Sincerely, Glenn D. Hartmann President/Principal Investigator CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 36 PO BOX 10668, BAINBRIDGE ISLAND, WA 98110 PHONE 206.855.9020 - info@crcwa.com October 13, 2015 Suquamish Tribe Stephanie Trudel PO Box 498 Suquamish, WA 98392-0498 Re: Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades-UA Local 32 Facility Expansion Project, Renton, King County, WA Dear Stephanie: I am writing to inform you of a cultural resources assessment for the above referenced project and to seek additional information about the project area the Tribe may have that is not readily available through other written sources. The project is located in Section 24, Township 23 North, Range 04 West Willamette Meridian at 595 Monster Road SW in Renton, King County, Washington. Seattle Area Plumbing & Pipefitting Industry, Journeyman and Apprentice Training Trust is requesting this assessment prior to development at 595 Monster Road SW. The project will add approximate 12,500 sf addition to the existing building. Additional property was purchased from an adjourning property owner in order to relocate and add to existing parking. The building will be slab on grade, no basement; however, portions of the existing structures will be supported by driven pilings approximately 16-20 feet deep. New parking will be constructed with pervious pavement, assisting with storm water drainage/storage. We are in the process of reviewing available information. Background research will include a site files search at the Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, review of previously recorded cultural resource reports, and review of pertinent published literature and ethnographies. Results of our investigations will be presented in a technical memo. We are aware that not all information is contained within published sources. Should the Tribe have additional information to support our assessment, we would very much like to include it in our study. Please contact me should you wish to provide any comments. I appreciate your assistance in this matter and look forward to hearing from you. Sincerely, Glenn D. Hartmann President/Principal Investigator CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 37 October 14, 2015 Mr. Glenn Hartmann Cultural Resource Consultants, Inc. PO Box 10668 Bainbridge Island, WA 98110 RE: Seattle Pipe Trades – UA Local 32 Facility Expansion Project, Renton, King County, WA Request for Traditional Cultural Property Information Suquamish Tribe Reference: 15-10-13-04 Dear Glenn: Thank you for consulting with the Suquamish Tribe regarding CRC’s cultural resources assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades – UA Local 32 Facility Expansion Project in Renton, WA. The Tribe does not have any specific statements or concerns about the proposed project at this time. Please contact me at 360-394-8533 or via e-mail at strudel@suquamish.nsn.us as additional project information becomes available. Sincerely, Stephanie E. Trudel Archaeologist Cc: Gretchen Kaehler, Local Government Archaeologist, Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 38 PO BOX 10668, BAINBRIDGE ISLAND, WA 98110 PHONE 206.855.9020 - info@crcwa.com October 13, 2015 Duwamish Tribe Cecile Hansen, Chairwoman 4705 W Marginal Way SW Seattle, WA 98106-1514 Re: Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades-UA Local 32 Facility Expansion Project, Renton, King County, WA Dear Cecile: I am writing to inform you of a cultural resources assessment for the above referenced project and to seek additional information about the project area the Tribe may have that is not readily available through other written sources. The project is located in Section 24, Township 23 North, Range 04 West Willamette Meridian at 595 Monster Road SW in Renton, King County, Washington. Seattle Area Plumbing & Pipefitting Industry, Journeyman and Apprentice Training Trust is requesting this assessment prior to development at 595 Monster Road SW. The project will add approximate 12,500 sf addition to the existing building. Additional property was purchased from an adjourning property owner in order to relocate and add to existing parking. The building will be slab on grade, no basement; however, portions of the existing structures will be supported by driven pilings approximately 16-20 feet deep. New parking will be constructed with pervious pavement, assisting with storm water drainage/storage. We are in the process of reviewing available information. Background research will include a site files search at the Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, review of previously recorded cultural resource reports, and review of pertinent published literature and ethnographies. Results of our investigations will be presented in a technical memo. We are aware that not all information is contained within published sources. Should the Tribe have additional information to support our assessment, we would very much like to include it in our study. Please contact me should you wish to provide any comments. I appreciate your assistance in this matter and look forward to hearing from you. Sincerely, Glenn D. Hartmann President/Principal Investigator CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 39 PO BOX 10668, BAINBRIDGE ISLAND, WA 98110 PHONE 206.855.9020 - info@crcwa.com October 13, 2015 Muckleshoot Indian Tribe Laura Murphy, Archaeologist/Cultural Resources 39015 172nd Ave SE Auburn, WA 98092 Re: Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades-UA Local 32 Facility Expansion Project, Renton, King County, WA Dear Laura: I am writing to inform you of a cultural resources assessment for the above referenced project and to seek additional information about the project area the Tribe may have that is not readily available through other written sources. The project is located in Section 24, Township 23 North, Range 04 West Willamette Meridian at 595 Monster Road SW in Renton, King County, Washington. Seattle Area Plumbing & Pipefitting Industry, Journeyman and Apprentice Training Trust is requesting this assessment prior to development at 595 Monster Road SW. The project will add approximate 12,500 sf addition to the existing building. Additional property was purchased from an adjourning property owner in order to relocate and add to existing parking. The building will be slab on grade, no basement; however, portions of the existing structures will be supported by driven pilings approximately 16-20 feet deep. New parking will be constructed with pervious pavement, assisting with storm water drainage/storage. We are in the process of reviewing available information. Background research will include a site files search at the Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, review of previously recorded cultural resource reports, and review of pertinent published literature and ethnographies. Results of our investigations will be presented in a technical memo. We are aware that not all information is contained within published sources. Should the Tribe have additional information to support our assessment, we would very much like to include it in our study. Please contact me should you wish to provide any comments. I appreciate your assistance in this matter and look forward to hearing from you. Sincerely, Glenn D. Hartmann President/Principal Investigator CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 40 Attachment B. Correspondence between DAHP and the City of Renton. CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 41 Attachment C. DAHP Archaeological Excavation Permit CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 42 CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 43 Attachment D. Inadvertent Discovery Protocol Protocols for Discovery of Archaeological Resources In the event that archaeological resources are encountered during project implementation, the following actions will be taken: In work areas, all ground disturbing activity at the location will stop, and the work supervisor will be notified immediately. The work site will be secured from any additional impacts and the supervisor will be informed. The project proponent will immediately contact the agencies with jurisdiction over the lands where the discovery is located, if appropriate. The appropriate agency archaeologist or the proponent’s contracting archaeologist will determine the size of the work stoppage zone or discovery location in order to sufficiently protect the resource until further decisions can be made regarding the work site. The project proponent will consult with DAHP regarding the evaluation of the discovery and the appropriate protection measures, if applicable. Once the consultation has been completed, and if the site is determined to be NRHP-eligible, the project proponent will request written concurrence from the agency or tribe(s) that the protection and mitigation measures have been fulfilled. Upon notification of concurrence from the appropriate parties, the project proponent will proceed with the project. Within six months after completion of the above steps, the project proponent will prepare a final written report of the discovery. The report will include a description of the contents of the discovery, a summary of consultation, and a description of the treatment or mitigation measures. Protocols for Discovery of Human Remains If human remains are found within the project area, the project proponent, its contractors or permit-holders, the following actions will be taken, consistent with Washington State RCWs 68.50.645, 27.44.055, and 68.60.055: If ground-disturbing activities encounter human skeletal remains during the course of construction then all activity will cease that may cause further disturbance to those remains. The area of the find will be secured and protected from further disturbance. The project proponent will prepare a plan for securing and protecting exposed human remains and retain consultants to perform these services. The finding of human skeletal remains will be reported to the county medical examiner/coroner and local law enforcement in the most expeditious manner possible. The remains will not be touched, moved, or further disturbed. The county medical examiner/coroner will assume jurisdiction over the human skeletal remains and make a determination of whether those remains are forensic or non-forensic. If the county medical examiner/coroner determines the remains are non-forensic, then they will report that finding to DAHP, which will then take jurisdiction over the remains. DAHP will notify any appropriate cemeteries and all affected tribes of the find. The State Physical Anthropologist will make a determination of whether the remains are Indian or Non-Indian and report that finding to any CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 44 appropriate cemeteries and the affected tribes. DAHP will then handle all consultation with the affected parties as to the future preservation, excavation, and disposition of the remains. Lead Representative and Primary Contact Seattle Area Plumbing & Pipefitting Industry, Journeyman and Apprentice Training Trust 595 Monster Road Renton, WA 98057 Primary Contact: Ed Kommers, Trustee, ekommers@mcaww.net Secondary Contact: Andrew Clapham, Andrew Clapham & Assoc. LLC Project & Construction Management, 206-423-3342 Duwamish Tribe 4705 W Marginal Way SW Seattle, WA 98106 Primary Contact: Cecile Hanson, Chairwoman, 206-431-1582 Muckleshoot Indian Tribe 39015 172nd Ave SE Auburn, WA 98092 Primary Contact: Laura Murphy, Archaeologist/Cultural Resources, 253-876-3272 Snoqualmie Indian Tribe 8130 Railroad Ave, Suite 103 PO Box 969 Snoqualmie, WA 98065 Primary Contact: Steven Mullen Moses, Cultural Resources, 425-888-6551 Suquamish Tribe PO Box 498 Suquamish, WA 98392 Primary Contact: Dennis Lewarch, Cultural Resources, 360-394-8529 Washington Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation PO Box 48343 Olympia, WA 98504-8343 Lead Representative: Allyson Brooks, State Historic Preservation Officer, 360-586-3066 Primary Contact: Rob Whitlam, State Archaeologist, 360-586-3080 Primary Contact for Human Remains: Guy Tasa, State Physical Anthropologist, 360-586-3534 King County Sheriff’s Office 516 3rd Ave W-150 Seattle, WA 98104 Lead Representative: John Urquhart, Sheriff, 206-296-4155 CRC Technical Memorandum #1508I-1 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Seattle Pipe Trades Project, Renton, King County, WA Page 45 King County Medical Examiner’s Office 908 Jefferson Street Seattle, WA 98104 Lead Representative: Yvonne Marquis, ARNP, 206-731-3232