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HomeMy WebLinkAboutTR_Arborist_ Report_170920_v1FORESTRY AND VEGETATION MANAGEMENT SPECIALISTS WFCI 3601943-1 723 FAX 3601943-4 1 28 1919 Yelm Hwy SE, Suite C Olympia, WA 98501 URBANIRURAL FORESTRY TREE APPRAISAL HAZARD TREE ANALYSIS RIGHT-OF-WAYS VEGETATION MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES CONTRACT FORESTERS Member of International Society of Arboriculture and Society of American Foresters - Final Tree Protection Plan - VUECREST 4909 Main Ave South Renton, WA Prepared for: KBS III, LLC. Prepared by: Washington Forestry Consultants, Inc. Date: January 13, 2015 Introduction The project proponent is planning to construct a new 7 lot subdivision on ~2.42 acres at 4909 Main Ave South in Renton, WA. The proponent has retained WFCI to: • Evaluate and inventory all trees on the site pursuant to the requirements of the City of Renton Tree Protection Ordinance. • Make recommendations for retention of significant trees, along with required protection and cultural measures. Observations Methodology WFCI has evaluated trees 6 inches diameter at breast height (DBH) and larger in the proposed project area, and assessed their potential to be incorporated into the new project. All trees were numbered at their base. The trees in the northwest corner of the property, a wetland and associated buffer area, were not individually evaluated. Additionally, red alder (Alnus rubra), black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa), and Scouler's willow (Salix scouleriana) trees are not included in this evaluation as per Renton Code. The tree evaluation phase used methodology developed by Nelda Matheny and Dr. James Clark in their 1998 publication Trees and Development: A Technical Guide to Preservation of Trees During Land Development. Page 2 –Vuecrest – Final Tree Protection Plan Washington Forestry Consultants, Inc. 2 Site Description The site has an existing home, with a garage and a small shed. The forest was logged many years ago leaving a sparse stand of residual trees. The site was not replanted and bigleaf maple resprouts, red alder, and willow grew back and dominate the site today. A small number of planted trees occur. Overall, tree quality is very poor. The trees on site range between approximately 10 and 70 years old. The site is relatively flat, with the exception of the northwest corner where the topography slops down toward a small wetland. Soil Description According to the USDA Web Soil Survey the soil type is the Alderwood gravelly sandy loam (AgC), a moderately deep, moderately well drained soil found on glacial till plains. It is formed in ablation till overlying basal till. A weakly cemented hardpan is at a depth of 20 to 40 inches. Permeability is moderately rapid above the hardpan and very slow in the pan. Available water capacity is low. The effective rooting depth for trees is 20-40 inches. A perched seasonal high water table is at a depth of 18-36 inches from November to March. The potential for windthrow of trees is moderate under normal conditions. New trees require irrigation for establishment. In areas where grading brings the hardpan nearer to the surface, the hardpan must be fractured under new trees to provide soil volume for root development and to improve drainage around the tree. Figure 1. Soils map from NRCS showing 1 soil type – Alderwood gravelly sandy loam. Tree Conditions The project area consists of one forest cover type, ~90% of which is a natural stand. An inventory and assessment of the trees in the stand was conducted to determine the composition and health of the forest. Type I. -- Most of the trees in this type are native species. The native species found in this type include bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), western red Page 3 –Vuecrest – Final Tree Protection Plan Washington Forestry Consultants, Inc. 3 cedar (Thuja plicata), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), and western white pine (Pinus monticola). Other less prevalent tree species scattered across the type include apple cultivars (Malus domestica), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), cherry (Prunus spp.), crabapple (Malus spp.), American holly (Ilex opaca), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), and Norway spruce (Picea abies). A total of 117 trees exist on the parcel, ranging in diameter from 3 to 38 inches DBH. Sixty- eight (68) of the trees were classified as sound, healthy, long-term trees in the dominant and co- dominant crown class. The other 49 trees are not long-term trees due to structural defects or poor health (dead, diseased, or hazardous). Table 1. Summary of Trees in Type I. Species DBH Range (in.) Trees/acre Total # of Trees # of Healthy Trees # of Trees in Poor Health* Species Composition of Stand Bigleaf Maple 4-26 24.7 60 31 29 51.3% Douglas-fir 7-38 14.7 32 27 5 27.3% Western Red Cedar 6-18 2.8 6 5 1 5.1% Western Hemlock 6-22 0.9 2 1 1 1.7% Western White Pine 13-22 1.8 4 3 1 3.4% Other** 3-24 6.9 13 1 12 11.1% Sum 3-38 53.9 117 68 49 100% *Dead, diseased, or hazardous. **Less prevalent tree species. Off-Site Impacts Tree removal on this parcel will not impact trees on any surrounding parcels. Discussion Potential for Tree Retention The only potential for retaining existing trees in this project is along the southerly parcel boundary at the back lots 1, 5, and 6, and in the open space in the southwest corner of the parcel. Eleven trees occur that are suitable for retention in these areas. The proposed ‘save’ trees are illustrated on the proposed site plan in Attachment #2. A detailed list of all trees by species, DBH, crown position, condition, root protection zone (RPZ), drip line (D/L) radius, save/remove potential, and retention availability is provided in Attachment #3. Page 4 –Vuecrest – Final Tree Protection Plan Washington Forestry Consultants, Inc. 4 Tree Density Calculations Title 4-4-130 of the Renton Municipal Code requires that a minimum of 30% of all healthy significant trees in buildable areas be retained on the project. The following is a summary of the required and planned tree retention: Total Project Area 2.45 acres Critical Areas and Buffers 0.19 acres Rights-of-ways 0.58 acres Buildable Area 1.68 acres Total Number of Significant Trees on Site (excluding critical areas) 117 trees Trees Excluded from Retention Calculation: Trees that are Dead Diseased or Dangerous 49 trees Healthy Trees in Proposed Public Streets 30 trees Trees in Critical Areas and Buffers (Not Inventoried) N/A Number of Healthy, Significant Trees in Buildable Area: 38 trees Required Tree Retention: 30% of healthy significant trees in buildable area: 11 trees Planned Tree Retention 11 trees Excess of Retention over the Minimum Requirement 0 trees There are 38 healthy significant trees in the buildable area of the site. At least 11 of these trees need to be retained to meet the 30% requirement of the City of Renton Code. The proposed plan retains 11 trees outside of the critical areas and buffers, which meets the minimum retention requirement. No tree replacement will be required. The landscape plan (prepared by others) should incorporate some native conifer trees along with deciduous accent and shade trees to provide a mix of color, texture, and size in the project. Page 5 –Vuecrest – Final Tree Protection Plan Washington Forestry Consultants, Inc. 5 Recommendations Tree Protection Measures Trees to be saved must be protected during construction by a six foot high chain link fencing (Attachment #8), located at the edge of the critical root zone (CRZ). Placards shall be placed on the fencing every 50 feet indicating the words, "NO TRESPASSING - Protected Trees". The individual CRZ are a radius of one foot for each one inch of DBH (6 feet minimum), unless otherwise delineated by WFCI (see Attachments #3 and 4). Tree protection fences should be placed around the edge of the critical root zone (CRZ). The fence should be erected after logging but prior to the start of clearing. The fences should be maintained until the start of the landscape installation. There should be no equipment activity (including rototilling) within the critical root zone. No irrigation lines, trenches, or other utilities should be installed within the CRZ. Cuts or fills should impact no more than 20% of a tree’s root system. If topsoil is added to the root zone of a protected tree, the depth should not exceed 2 inches of a sandy loam or loamy fine sand topsoil and should not cover more than 20% of the root system. If roots are encountered outside the CRZ during construction, they should be cut cleanly with a saw and covered immediately with moist soil. Noxious vegetation within the critical root zone should be removed by hand. If a proposed save-tree must be impacted by grading or fills, then the tree should be re-evaluated by WFCI to determine if the tree can be saved with mitigating measures, or if the tree should be removed. Pruning and Thinning All individual trees to be saved near or within developed areas should have their crowns raised to provide a minimum of 8 feet of ground clearance over sidewalks and landscape areas, 15 feet over parking lots or streets, and at least 10 feet of building clearance. All pruning should be done according to the ANSI A300 standards for proper pruning, and be completed by an International Society of Arboriculture Certified Arborist®, or be supervised by a Certified Arborist®. Conclusions and Timeline for Activity 1. 11 trees are proposed to be retained on the site in the buildable area. 2. The final, approved tree protection plan map should be included in the construction drawings for bid and construction of the project and should be labeled as such. 3. Contact WFCI to attend pre-job conference and discuss tree protection issues with contractors. WFCI can verify all trees to be saved and/or removed are adequately marked for retention. Page 6 –Vuecrest – Final Tree Protection Plan Washington Forestry Consultants, Inc. 6 4. Install tree protection fences along the 'limits of construction'. The fences should be located at the limits of construction or 5 feet outside of the dripline of the save tree or as otherwise specified by WFCI. Maintain fences throughout construction. 5. Complete logging. Complete necessary hazard tree removals and invasive plant removals from the tree protection areas. No equipment should enter the tree protection areas during logging. 6. Complete clearing of the project. 7. Do not excavate stumps within 10’ of trees to be saved. These should be individually evaluated by WFCI to determine the method of removal. 8. Complete all necessary pruning on save trees or stand edges to provide at least 8’ of ground clearance near sidewalks and trails, and 15’ above all driveways or access roads. 9. Complete grading and construction of the project. Summary The City of Renton Municipal Code requires 11 of the 38 significant trees be retained on the buildable area of the site. This plan retains 11 trees, which meets the minimum tree retention requirement. Please give me a call if you have further questions. Respectfully submitted, Washington Forestry Consultants, Inc. Galen M. Wright, ASCA, ACF ISA Board Certified Master Arborist PN-0129 BU Certified Forester No. 44 ISA Tree Risk Assessor attachments: aerial photo with forest cover types site plan with tree protection areas Tree maps with tree numbers and tree retention tree list individual tree condition rating key description of tree evaluation methodology glossary of forestry and arboricultural terms tree protection fence detail assumptions and limiting conditions Page 7 –Vuecrest – Final Tree Protection Plan Washington Forestry Consultants, Inc. 7 Attachment #1: Aerial Photo of Vuecrest Site with Forest Cover Types (King County Parcel Viewer 2.0) Approximate Site Boundary Planned Save Trees NORTH No Scale Page 8 –Vuecrest – Final Tree Protection Plan Washington Forestry Consultants, Inc. 8 Attachment #2: Vuecrest Proposed Site Plan Page 9 –Vuecrest – Final Tree Protection Plan Washington Forestry Consultants, Inc. 9 Attachment # 3. Tree locations with numbers and planned retention. EAST HALF WEST HALF 60 Matchline Matchline Tree Protection Fence Locations (Typ.) Page 10 –Vuecrest – Final Tree Protection Plan Washington Forestry Consultants, Inc. 10 Attachment #4: Inventory list of project area trees A detailed list of all trees by species, DBH, crown position, condition, root protection zone (RPZ), drip line (D/L) radius, tree health status, and save/remove potential: Tree Spp. DBH Crown Position Tree Condition RPZ D/L Radius Healthy Tree? Save/ Remove 1 DF 12.3 S P-Topped 8 12 YES Remove 2 DF 17 C G 10 14 YES Save 3 DF 12.2 C G 8 12 YES Save 4 NS 24 D G 16 16 YES Save 5 CH 7 S VP 6 12 NO Remove 6 CH 10 S VP 8 16 NO Remove 7 CH 6 S VP 6 10 NO Remove 8 CH 8 S P 8 16 NO Remove 9 BM 4-8 S P 14 25 NO Remove 10 WP 14 C F 10 12 YES Remove 11 WP 13 S VP NO Remove 12 WP 14 C F 10 16 YES Remove 13 WP 22 C F 12 20 YES Remove 14 DF 18 C F 10 18 YES Remove 15 DF 26 C G 12 20 YES Remove 16 LP 8 S P 6 8 NO Remove 17 DF 24 C F 12 20 YES Remove 18 DF 16 C G 10 14 YES Remove 19 DF 38 D G 18 22 YES Remove 20 DF 32 D F 14 20 YES Remove 21 BL 3-7 C P 8 10 NO Remove 22 holly 6-8 P 8 8 NO Remove 23 apple 10 VP NO Remove 24 apple 8,6 VP NO Remove 25 apple 8,10 VP NO Remove 26 apple 10 VP NO Remove 27 DF 17 C F 12 18 YES Remove 28 DF 10 S F 8 8 YES Remove 29 DF 14 C F 10 14 YES Remove 30 WH 22 D F 12 20 YES Remove 31 DF 12 C G 12 15 YES Remove 32 DF 14 C G 12 18 YES Remove 33 BM 16,10 C F 12 20 YES Remove 34 DF 32 D F 14 22 YES Remove 35 BM 9 C P 10 12 NO Remove 36 BM 6 C P 8 10 NO Remove 37 BM 10-12 C P 12 16 NO Remove 38 BM 6-8 C P 12 15 NO Remove Page 11 –Vuecrest – Final Tree Protection Plan Washington Forestry Consultants, Inc. 11 Tree Spp. DBH Crown Position Tree Condition RPZ D/L Radius Healthy Tree? Save/ Remove 39 BM 4-10 C P 12 16 NO Remove 40 BM 7-10 C P 15 22 NO Remove 41 DF 35 D F 15 25 YES Remove 42 DF 14 C G 8 14 YES Save 43 DF 9 S F 6 10 YES Save 44 BM 6-10 D F 12 16 YES Save 45 BM 7-10 C P NO Remove 46 BM 10 C F 12 20 YES Save 47 BM 8-15 C P 12 20 NO Remove 48 BM 8,14 C F 12 15 YES Save 49 BM 4-8 C P NO Remove 50 BM 16,18 C F 10 15 YES Remove 51 BM 4-6 C P NO Remove 52 BM 14-15 C F 12 25 YES Remove 53 BM 8-11 C F 10 15 YES Remove 54 DF 18 C F 12 18 YES Remove 55 DF 26 D F 15 20 YES Remove 56 BM 10 C VP NO Remove 57 BM 10 C F 8 12 YES Remove 58 BM 7 S F 6 10 YES Remove 59 BM Off site 60 BM Off site 61 BM 7-14 C F 12 15 YES Remove 62 BM 10 C F 8 12 YES Remove 63 BM 14 C F 10 12 YES Remove 64 BM 12,11 C P NO Remove 65 BM 16 D F 10 12 YES Remove 66 BM 7 S P 6 8 NO Remove 67 CB 7 S P NO Remove 68 BM 10-14 C P NO Remove 69 BM 12-14 C F 12 20 YES Remove 70 DF 24 D F 12 16 YES Remove 71 DF 11 S P 8 10 NO Remove 72 BM 12 C P NO Remove 73 BM 9 S VP NO Remove 74 DF 22 C VP NO Remove 75 BM 12 C VP NO Remove 76 DF 26 D F 12 15 YES Remove 77 BM 8-15 C P 12 18 NO Remove 78 RC 18 D VP NO Remove Page 12 –Vuecrest – Final Tree Protection Plan Washington Forestry Consultants, Inc. 12 Tree Spp. DBH Crown Position Tree Condition RPZ D/L Radius Healthy Tree? Save/ Remove 79 DF 9 C G 8 12 YES Remove 80 BM 16 D F 10 16 YES Remove 81 BM 18 D VP NO Remove 82 DF 20 D F 14 16 YES Remove 83 DF 13 C F 10 12 YES Remove 84 BM 20,18 C F 12 16 YES Remove 85 RC 14 S F 10 12 YES Remove 86 BM 12 C F 10 12 YES Remove 87 BM 11 C P 8 10 NO Remove 88 WH 6 S P NO Remove 89 DF 34 D F 12 18 YES Remove 90 DF 8 S P NO Remove 91 RC 10 S G 8 12 YES Remove 92 DF 12 S P NO Remove 93 RC 10 S F 8 12 YES Remove 94 BM Off site 95 DF 7 S P 8 12 NO Remove 96 RC 11 S G 10 15 YES Remove 97 RC 6 S F 6 10 YES Remove 98 BM 10-14 C P 10 15 NO Remove 99 BM 8-12 C VP NO Remove 100 BM 10 S P NO Remove 101 BM 11 C F 8 12 YES Remove 102 BM 16 D F 10 15 YES Remove 103 BM 8-10 C VP NO Remove 104 BM 8 C VP NO Remove 105 BM 12 C dead NO Remove 106 BM 11 C F 10 10 YES Remove 107 BM 8,10 C F 10 14 YES Remove 108 BM 5-16 C F 10 14 YES Remove 109 BM 10,14 C F 10 14 YES Remove 110 BM 9 C F 10 12 YES Remove 111 BM 14,13 C P NO Remove 112 BM 12 C dead NO Remove 113 BM 13 C F 10 12 YES Remove 114 BM 8-12 C F 10 14 YES Remove 115 BM 13-17 D F 12 16 YES Save 116 BM 7 S F 6 8 YES Save 117 BM 14-23 D F 12 20 YES Save 118 BM 12,26 C F 12 15 YES Remove 119 DF 11 C F 8 10 YES Remove Page 13 –Vuecrest – Final Tree Protection Plan Washington Forestry Consultants, Inc. 13 Tree Spp. DBH Crown Position Tree Condition RPZ D/L Radius Healthy Tree? Save/ Remove 120 BM 8 C P NO Remove Spp. = Species; DF = Douglas-fir; BM=bigleaf maple; WH = western hemlock; RC = western red cedar; SS = Sitka spruce; NS = Norway spruce; CB = crabapple; CH = cherry. Crown Position: D = Dominant; C = Co-dominant; I = Intermediate; S = Suppressed. Tree Condition: VG = Very good; G = Good; F = Fair; P = Poor; VP = Very poor. Note: some trees had multiple stems, thus a range of DBH's. Page 14 –Vuecrest – Final Tree Protection Plan Washington Forestry Consultants, Inc. 14 Attachment #5: Individual Tree Rating Key for Tree Condition RATING SYMBOL DEFINITION Very Good VG • Balanced crown that is characteristic of the species • Normal lateral and terminal branch growth rates for the species and soil type • Stem sound, normal bark vigor • No root problems • No insect or disease problems • Long-term, attractive tree Good G • Crown lacking symmetry but nearly balanced • Normal lateral and terminal branch growth rates for the species and soil type • Minor twig dieback O.K. • Stem sound, normal bark vigor • No root problems • No or minor insect or disease problems – insignificant • Long-term tree Fair F • Crown lacking symmetry due to branch loss • Slow lateral and terminal branch growth rates for the species and soil type • Minor and major twig dieback – starting to decline • Stem partly unsound, slow diameter growth and low bark vigor • Minor root problems • Minor insect or disease problems • Short-term tree 10-30 years Poor P • Major branch loss – unsymmetrical crown • Greatly reduced growth • Several structurally import dead or branch scaffold branches • Stem has bark loss and significant decay with poor bark vigor • Root damage • Insect or disease problems – remedy required • Short-term tree 1-10 years Very Poor VP • Lacking adequate live crown for survival and growth • Severe decline • Minor and major twig dieback • Stem unsound, bark sloughing, previous stem or large branch failures, very poor bark vigor • Severe root problems or disease • No or minor insect or disease problems • Mortality expected within the next few years Dead DEAD • Dead Page 15 –Vuecrest – Final Tree Protection Plan Washington Forestry Consultants, Inc. 15 Cultural Care Needs: ABBRV. ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION CC Crown Cleaning Pruning of dead, dying, diseased, damaged, or defective branches over 1/2 inch in diameter –includes removal of dead tops CT Crown Thinning Pruning of branches described in crown cleaning, plus thinning of up to 20% of the live branches over ½ inch diameter. Branch should be 1/3 to ½ the diameter of the lateral branch. Thinning should be well distributed throughout crown of tree, and should release healthy, long-term branches. RC Crown Reduction Reduction of the crown of a tree by pruning to lateral branches. Generally used to remove declining branches or to lighten end weight on long branches. CR Crown Raising Pruning of lower branches to remove deadwood or to provide ground or building clearances. RMV Remove Remove tree due to decline or hazardous conditions that cannot be mitigated by pruning. RS Remove Sprouts Remove basal sprouts from stem of tree. Rep Replace Tree is small – is in decline or dead. Replace with suitable tree species. HT Hazard Tree Tree is hazardous and cannot be mitigated by pruning. Recommendation is to remove tree. None No Work No work necessary at this time. Page 16 –Vuecrest – Final Tree Protection Plan Washington Forestry Consultants, Inc. 16 Attachment #6: Description of Tree Evaluation Methodology The evaluation of the tree condition on this site included the visual assessment of: 1. Live-crown ratio, 2. Lateral and terminal branch growth rates, 3. Presence of dieback in minor and major scaffold branches and twigs, 4. Foliage color, 5. Stem soundness and other structural defects, 6. Visual root collar examination, 7. Presence of insect or disease problems. 8. Windfirmness if tree removal will expose this tree to failure. In cases where signs of internal defect or disease were suspected, a core sample was taken to look for stain, decay, and diameter growth rates. Also, root collars were exposed to look for the presence of root disease. In all cases, the overall appearance of the tree was considered relative to its ability to add value to either an individual lot or the entire subdivision. Also, the scale of the tree and its proximity to both proposed and existing houses was considered. Lastly, the potential for incorporation into the project design is evaluated, as well as potential site plan modifications that may allow otherwise removed tree(s) to be both saved and protected in the development. Trees that are preserved in a development must be carefully selected to make sure that they can survive construction impacts, adapt to a new environment, and perform well in the landscape. Healthy, vigorous trees are better able to tolerate impacts such as root injury, changes in soils moisture regimes, and soil compaction than are low vigor trees. Structural characteristics are also important in assessing suitability. Trees with significant decay and other structural defects that cannot be treated are likely to fail. Such trees should not be preserved in areas where damage to people or property could occur. Trees that have developed in a forest stand are adapted to the close, dense conditions found in such stands. When surrounding trees are removed during clearing and grading, the remaining trees are exposed to extremes in wind, temperature, solar radiation, which causes sunscald, and other influences. Young, vigorous trees with well-developed crowns are best able to adapt to these changing site conditions. Page 17 –Vuecrest – Final Tree Protection Plan Washington Forestry Consultants, Inc. 17 Attachment #7: Glossary of Forestry and Arboricultural Terminology DBH: Diameter at Breast Height (measured 4.5 ft. above the ground line on the high side of the tree). Caliper: In the City of Renton - Caliper is referring to diameter measurement at DBH. Live Crown Ratio: Ratio of live foliage on the stem of the tree. Example: A 100’ tall tree with 40 feet of live crown would have a 40% live crown ratio. Conifers with less than 30% live crown ratio are generally not considered to be long-term trees in forestry. Crown: Portion of a trees stem covered by live foliage. Crown Position: Position of the crown with respect to other trees in the stand. Dominant Crown Position: Receives light from above and from the sides. Codominant Crown Position: Receives light from above and some from the sides. Intermediate Crown Position: Receives little light from above and none from the sides. Trees tend to be slender with poor live crown ratios. Suppressed Crown Position: Receives no light from above and none from the sides. Trees tend to be slender with poor live crown ratios. Page 18 –Vuecrest – Final Tree Protection Plan Washington Forestry Consultants, Inc. 18 Attachment #8: Tree Protection Fence Detail Temporary Chain Link on Driven Posts Page 19 –Vuecrest – Final Tree Protection Plan Washington Forestry Consultants, Inc. 19 Attachment #9: Assumptions and Limiting Conditions 1) Any legal description provided to the Washington Forestry Consultants, Inc. is assumed to be correct. Any titles and ownership's to any property are assumed to be good and marketable. No responsibility is assumed for matters legal in character. Any and all property is appraised or evaluated as though free and clear, under responsible ownership and competent management. 2) It is assumed that any property is not in violation of any applicable codes, ordinances, statutes, or other governmental regulations, unless otherwise stated. 3) Care has been taken to obtain all information from reliable sources. All data has been verified insofar as possible; however, Washington Forestry Consultants, Inc. can neither guarantee nor be responsible for the accuracy of information. 4) Washington Forestry Consultants, Inc. shall not be required to give testimony or to attend court by reason of this report unless subsequent contractual arrangements are made, including payment of an additional fee for such services as described in the fee schedule and contract of engagement. 5) Loss or alteration of any part of this report invalidated the entire report. 6) Possession of this report or a copy thereof does not imply right of publication or use for any purpose by any other than the person to whom it is addressed, without the prior expressed written or verbal consent of Washington Forestry Consultants, Inc. 7) Neither all or any part of the contents of this report, nor copy thereof, shall be conveyed by anyone, including the client, to the public through advertising, public relations, news, sales or other media, without the prior expressed written or verbal consent of Washington Forestry Consultants, Inc. -- particularly as to value conclusions, identity of Washington Forestry Consultants, Inc., or any reference to any professional society or to any initialed designation conferred upon Washington Forestry Consultants, Inc. as stated in its qualifications. 8) This report and any values expressed herein represent the opinion of Washington Forestry Consultants, Inc., and the fee is in no way contingent upon the reporting of a specified value, a stipulated result, the occurrence neither of a subsequent event, nor upon any finding in to reported. 9) Sketches, diagrams, graphs, and photographs in this report, being intended as visual aids, are not necessarily to scale and should not be construed as engineering or architectural reports or surveys. 10) Unless expressed otherwise: 1) information contained in this report covers only those items that were examined and reflects the condition of those items at the time of inspection; and 2) the inspection is limited to visual examination of accessible items without dissection, excavation, probing, or coring. There is no warranty or guarantee, expressed or implied, that problems or deficiencies of the tree or other plant or property in question may not arise in the future. Note: Even healthy trees can fail under normal or storm conditions. The only way to eliminate all risk is to remove all trees within reach of all targets. Annual monitoring by an ISA Certified Arborist or Certified Forester will reduce the potential of tree failures. It is impossible to predict with certainty that a tree will stand or fail, or the timing of the failure. It is considered an ‘Act of God’ when a tree fails, unless it is directly felled or pushed over by man’s actions.