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RES 4336
CITY OF RENTON, WASHINGTON RESOLUTION NO. 4336 A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY OF RENTON, WASHINGTON, RATIFYING THE 2017 UPDATE TO THE LAKE WASH INGTON/CEDAR/SAMMAMISH WATERSHED [WATER RESOURCE INVENTORY AREA (WRIA) 8] CHINOOK SALMON CONSERVATION PLAN. WHEREAS, the 2017 update to the WRIA 8 Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan ("WRIA 8 Plan") is an addendum to the 2005 WRIA 8 Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan, and includes a scientific framework, Chinook salmon population goals to achieve sustainable and harvestable populations, habitat restoration goals, recovery strategies, a list of priority projects and programmatic actions, and a monitoring and adaptive management plan; and WHEREAS, 28 local governments in WRIA 8 partner through an interlocal agreement to jointly fund implementation of the WRIA 8 Plan through 2025 to advance their shared interest in and responsibility for addressing long-term watershed planning and conservation of aquatic ecosystems and floodplains for purposes of implementing the WRIA 8 Plan and improving watershed health; and WHEREAS, the WRIA 8 partners recognize participating in the ILA and implementing priorities in the WRIA 8 Plan demonstrates their commitment to proactively working to address the ESA listing of Chinook salmon; and WHEREAS, WRIA 8 partners took formal action in 2005 and 2006 to ratify the WRIA 8 Plan; and WHEREAS, in March 1999, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries listed the Puget Sound Chinook salmon evolutionary significant unit, including the Cedar 1 RESOLUTION N0. 4336 and Sammamish populations in WRIA 8, as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA); and WHEREAS, an essential ingredient for the development and implementation of an effective recovery program is coordination and cooperation among federal, state, and local agencies, tribes, businesses, researchers, non -governmental organizations, landowners, citizens, and other stakeholders as required; and WHEREAS, local jurisdictions have authority over some habitat -based aspects of Chinook survival through land use and other policies and programs; and the state and tribes, who are the legal co -managers of the fishery resource, are responsible for addressing harvest and hatchery management in WRIA 8; and WHEREAS, the City values ecosystem health; water quality improvement; flood hazard reduction; open space protection; and maintaining a legacy for future generations, including commercial, tribal, and sport fishing, quality of life, and cultural heritage; and WHEREAS, the City supports cooperation at the WRIA level to set common priorities for actions among partners, efficient use of resources and investments, and distribution of responsibility for actions and expenditures; and WHEREAS, the WRIA 8 Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan (WRIA 8 Plan) is one of 15 watershed -based chapters of the Puget Sound Salmon Recovery Plan; and WHEREAS, the Puget Sound Partnership serves as the Puget Sound regional organization and lead for planning and implementing the Puget Sound Salmon Recovery Plan, approved by NOAA Fisheries; and 2 RESOLUTION No. 4336 WHEREAS, in WRIA 8, habitat protection and restoration actions to significantly increase Chinook productivity trends are necessary, in conjunction with other recovery efforts, to avoid extinction in the near term and restore WRIA 8 Chinook to viability in the long term; and WHEREAS, the WRIA 8 Plan recognizes that salmon recovery is a long-term effort, and focuses on a 10-year implementation time horizon to allow for evaluation of progress and updating Plan goals and priorities; and WHEREAS, the City has implemented habitat restoration and protection projects, and uses the WRIA 8 Plan and salmon habitat recovery strategies and goals as guidance in its land use and public outreach policies and programs; and WHEREAS, it is important to provide jurisdictions, the private sector and the public with certainty and predictability regarding the course of salmon recovery actions that the region will be taking in WRIA 8, including the Puget Sound nearshore; and WHEREAS, if insufficient action is taken at the local and regional level, it is unlikely Chinook salmon populations in WRIA 8 will improve and it is possible the federal government could list Puget Sound Chinook salmon as an endangered species, thereby decreasing local flexibility; NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF RENTON, WASHINGTON, DO RESOLVE AS FOLLOWS: SECTION I. The City Council of the City of Renton, Washington, hereby ratifies the 2017 update to the Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan, dated September, 2017 (2017 Plan), which shall be kept on file in the City Clerk's office. Ratification is intended to convey the City's approval and support for the following: 3 RESOLUTION N0. 4336 1. Conserving and recovering Chinook salmon and other anadromous fish, focusing on preserving, protecting and restoring habitat with the intent to recover listed species, including sustainable, genetically diverse, harvestable populations of naturally spawning Chinook salmon. 2. Providing multiple benefits to people and fish through Plan implementation, including flood hazard reduction; water quality improvement; open space protection; and maintaining a legacy for future generations, including commercial, tribal and sport fishing, quality of life, and cultural heritage. 3. Continuing to work collaboratively with other jurisdictions and stakeholders in WRIA 8 to implement the WRIA 8 Plan as updated in 2017. 4. Using the habitat goals and associated recovery strategies in the 2017 Plan update as a basis for local actions recommended in the Plan and as one source of best available science for future projects, ordinances, programmatic actions, and other appropriate local government activities. 5. Supporting implementation of the 2017 Plan's Monitoring and Assessment Plan on a watershed basis, including an adaptive management approach to implementation and funding to address uncertainties and ensure cost-effectiveness by tracking actions, assessing action effectiveness, learning from results of actions, reviewing assumptions and strategies, making corrections where needed, and communicating progress. 6. Using the 2017 Plan project list, recommended land use and education and outreach actions, and other actions consistent with the Plan as the suite of WRIA 8 actions to guide priorities for implementation and funding, including through grants, local capital 4 RESOLUTION NO. 4336 improvement projects, ordinances, and other activities. Jurisdictions, agencies, and stakeholders can choose to implement these actions at any time. 7. Using an adaptive approach to funding the Plan through both local sources and by working together (within WRIA 8 and Puget Sound) to seek federal, state, grant, and other funding opportunities, and recognizing that funding assumptions, strategies, and options will be revisited periodically. PASSED BY THE CITY COUNCIL this 26th day of March �, '�' (i Jas f � A. Setlo City Clerk 2018. APPROVED BY THE MAYOR this 26th day of March , 2018. Approved as to form: Shane Moloney, City Attorney RES.1761:3/1/18:scr Denis Law, Mayor OFCJ AL * = SEAL ✓,'✓ OVA /��N` ED8E? 5 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan Y` 10-year Update r �.. PREPARED FOR LAKE WASH IN GTONlCEDAR/SAM MAMI SH WATERSHED SALMON RECOVERY COUNCIL w�iya an>aa"` P 2017 FOREWORD Chinook salmon are an icon of the Pacific Northwest and a vital cultural, economic, and environmental resource for our reqion. Salmon disappearing from our local waters would alter the fabric of our local communities and is an outcome we are not willing to accept. For the past 10 years, and the foreseeable future, the salmon recovery effort in the Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (a.k.a., Water Resource Inventory Area [WRIA] 8) will continue working to keep salmon in our local streams. The WRIA 8 Chinook Salmon Recovery Council is an example of local governments working together regionally to deal with a problem that if not addressed will have long-term, wide-ranging consequences. Without increased habitat protection and restoration, as well as greater public awareness and support, we risk losing these valuable fish. When the federal government listed Puget Sound Chinook salmon as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 1999, local governments in WRIA 8 banded together to address the listing through a coordinated, bottom -up approach. Since 2000, the WRIA 8 Salmon Recovery Council, comprised of 28 local government partners and community groups, state and federal agencies, businesses, and citizens, has worked to implement the WRIA 8 Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan (Plan), driven by the shared goal of recovering sustainable, harvestable populations of Chinook salmon. This collaborative effort demonstrates the power of working together toward a common vision, investing in a cause that will not only benefit the region's salmon populations, but will also improve the quality of life for all people and wildlife in our watershed. After more than 10 years of implementing the WRIA 8 Plan, we can say that we have made great headway, and our partnership remains strong. We have helped protect more than 1,500 acres of land, over 300 acres of floodplain, and nearly 12 miles of streambank. We have helped restore over 75 acres of floodplain, more than 325 acres of riparian area, and over a mile of lakeshore. We have removed invasive species from more than 500 acres of riparian areas. This is a great foundation from which to continue and accelerate our efforts on habitat protection and restoration. However, salmon recovery is a long-term endeavor, and Chinook salmon populations remain far short of our goal of sustainable runs that enable tribal and recreational fishing. Over a century of development and modification in our region degraded salmon habitat and reduced populations to critically low levels. It will take us time and investment to restore our streams and rivers and recover salmon. Updating the Plan is an important step in keeping salmon recovery on track. Through this Plan Update, we set ambitious new habitat goals and developed a set of recovery strategies to guide implementation and ensure our salmon recovery efforts continue to be based on the most recent science, are informed by lessons learned, and are using limited resources wisely. This Plan Update also tells our salmon recovery story and explains to our partners, the public, and decision makers what is still needed to recover Chinook salmon. As the most populous watershed in the state, WRIA 8 is the proving ground for whether salmon and people can live together. The 28 local government partners in WRIA 8 remain committed to recovering Chinook salmon. We serve as a model for how communities can effectively coordinate and rally around a shared natural resource issue. By continuing to work together, even as our region grows, we can continue to have both a vibrant local economy and a healthy watershed with strong salmon runs returning o each fall. N Working to recover salmon is about more than salmon — it is fundamentally about caring for our home and u, making our communities sustainable for the long-term. The strategies and actions called for in this Plan will protect and restore salmon habitat, but they will also improve water quality, reduce flood hazards, a protect open space, improve stormwater management, sustain and improve our quality of life, and promote a proud legacy of stewardship for future generations. By taking action to recover Chinook salmon, we w are taking a stand that extinction is not an option, that we want a healthy environment where we live, o that meeting tribal treaty rights is imperative, and that future generations will continue to witness salmon returning to local streams. c m On behalf of the WRIA 8 Salmon Recovery Council, we are pleased to share this update to the WRIA 8 a Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan, and we strongly encourage everyone interested in salmon recovery o and watershed health to assist in implementing this plan. Mayor Andy Rheaume City of Bothell Mayor John Stokes City of Bellevue Chair, WRIA 8 Salmon Recovery Council Vice -Chair, WRIA 8 Salmon Recovery Council n 0 N w a 0 a Of Q w 0 CONTENTS Foreword Acronyms V Contributors VI Executive Summary 1 1. Introduction 3 2. Recovery Goals 7 3. Current Status 16 4. Strategies To Achieve Our Goals 34 5. Implementation Framework 41 6. Adaptive Management Process 47 7. References 50 Acknowledgements 53 APPENDICES Appendix A - Monitoring and Assessment Plan A-1 Appendix B - Plan Update Process B-1 Appendix C - WRIA 8 Pressures Assessment C-1 Appendix D - Habitat Goals D-1 Appendix E - Recovery Strategies E-1 Appendix F - Site -Specific Projects List F-1 Appendix G - Proposing Projects and Programmatic Actions for Implementation — WRIA 8 Four -Year Work Plan G-1 Appendix H - Land Use Action Recommendations H-1 Appendix I - Education and Outreach Recommendations 1-1 FIGURES Figure 1. Map of WRIA 8 Habitat Priority and Tiers 3 Figure 2. Puget Sound Chinook Population Decline and WRIA 8 Population Recovery 5 Figure 3. Life Stage Conceptual Model of WRIA 8 Chinook Salmon 10 Figure 4. Cedar River Chinook Salmon Abundance: Natural -Origin Spawners (NOS), 2004-2016 18 Figure 5. Bear Creek/Cottage Lake Creek Chinook Salmon Abundance: Natural -Origin Spawners (NOS), 2004-2015 18 Figure 6. Juvenile Chinook Salmon Abundance (Cedar River) 19 Figure 7. Juvenile Chinook Salmon Abundance (Bear Creek/Cottage Lake Creek) 19 Figure 8. Number of Parr Migrants from the Cedar River and Bear Creek/Cottage Lake Creek, Brood Years 2000-2015 22 Figure 9. Estimated Proportion of Hatchery -Origin Chinook Salmon (PHOS) Detected in Cedar River and Bear Creek/Cottage Lake Creek Spawning Surveys Since 2004 22 Iffl 4 Table 1. WRIA 8 Chinook Salmon Population Goals 8 Table 2. WRIA 8 Habitat Goals 14 Table 3. Summary of the Current Status of Chinook Salmon in WRIA 8 17 Table 4. WRIA 8 Chinook Salmon Redd Survey Results, 1999-2015 21 Table 5. WRIA 8 Habitat Goal Adaptive Management Triggers 49 ACRONYMS 2005 Plan Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan 2017 Plan WRIA 8 Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan 10 Year Update BMP best management practice EIV CARA critical aquifer recharge area cfs cubic feet per second CMZ channel migration zone EIM environmental information management 0 F Fahrenheit FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency w o GMA Growth. Management Act a- GSI green stormwater infrastructure w HCP Habitat Conservation Plan o_ HOS hatchery -origin spawners _ IC WRIA 8 Implementation Committee KCFCD King County Flood Control District ILA interlocal agreement 0 Z LID low impact development MAP monitoring and assessment plan c 0 NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration E NOS natural -origin spawners NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System o PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons r U PIT passive inductance transponder ro PHOS proportion of hatchery -origin spawners RM river mile SMA Shoreline Management Act a N SMP shoreline master program 3 TC WRIA 8 Technical Committee .0 UGA urban growth area E USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers E E USGS U.S. Geological Survey VSP viable salmonid population v WDFW Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife U WQI water quality index 0 m WRIA water resource inventory area y 0 N CONTRIBUTORS WRIA 8 Implementation Committee Alison Bennett, City of Bellevue Marc! Chew, City of Mill Creek Casey Costello, WDFW Tawni Dalziel, City of Sammamish Jeanette Dorner, MSFEG Troy Fields, Snohomish County Gretchen Glaub, Snohomish County Danika Globokar, City of Sammamish Peter Holte, City of Redmond Cyndy Holtz, City of Seattle Antonia Jindrich, MSFEG Kelli Jones, City of Kirkland Jenne Kaje, King County Kristina Lowthian, City of Renton Kamal Mahmoud, City of Mill Creek Kathy Minsch, City of Seattle Lisa Nelson, Mountains to Sound Greenway Trust Joan Nolan, Ecology Kit Paulsen, City of Bellevue Jerallyn Roetemeyer, City of Redmond Stacey Rush, City of Kirkland Suzanna Stoike, Puget Sound Partnership Ron Straka, City of Renton Elizabeth Torrey, WDFW WRIA 8 Technical Committee Jim Bower, King County Karl Burton, City of Seattle Casey Costello, WDFW Brett Gaddis, Snohomish County Tom Hardy, City of Redmond Andy Loch, City of Bothell Kit Paulsen, City of Bellevue Robert Plotnikoff, Snohomish County Elizabeth Torrey, WDFW WRIA 8 Staff Polly Freeman, Communications Specialist Linda Grob, Administrative Coordinator Jason Mulvihill -Kuntz, Salmon Recovery Manager Scott Stolnack, Technical Coordinator Jason Wilkinson, Actions and Funding Coordinator Photo Credits Ned Ahrens, Elise Antonio, Hans Berge, Judy Blanco, City of Bothell, Jim Bower, Leslie Brown, Geoff Clayton, Lorraine Day, Envirolssues, Nicole Faghin, Forterra, Larry Franks, Cyndy Holtz, Kollin Higgins, Dan Lantz, Ray Lapine, Josh Latterell, Janice Mathisen, City of Redmond, Roger Tabor, Jo Wilhelm, and Norm Ziegler Plan Update Contributors Brianna Blaud, Herrera Environmental Consultants Jose Carrasquero, Herrera Environmental Consultants Megann Devine, King County Visual Communication Specialist Jessica Engel, King County Climate Change Specialist Susan O'Neil, Long Live the Kings Andrea Rouleau, King County Visual Communication Specialist Jennifer Schmidt, Herrera Environmental Consultants Stacy Vynne, Puget Sound Partnership Financial Support Production of this document was made possible by funding from the WRIA 8 Interlocal Agreement among 28 local government partners, as well as grant funding from Washington State's Puget Sound Acquisition and Restoration fund and the Aquatic Lands Enhancement Account through a state legislative allocation to Puget Sound Partnership. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This document updates the Lake Washington/ Cedar/Sammamish Watershed Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan (2005 Plan; WRIA 8 Steering Committee, 2005). Since 2000, Lake Washington/ Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (a.k.a. Water Resource Inventory Area [WRIA] 8) partners have worked together to improve conditions for threatened Chinook salmon, with the goal of bringing naturally -produced Chinook salmon back to sustainable, harvestable levels. While the Plan focuses on recovering Chinook salmon, actions taken to improve conditions for Chinook also improve conditions for other salmon species and support improving overall watershed health. The 2017 WRIA 8 Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan (2017 Plan) updates the 2005 Plan by drawing on current science to develop quantitative habitat goals for Chinook salmon, evaluate the negative impacts (or pressures) on Chinook salmon, update salmon recovery strategies to identify actions that address the highest priority pressures on salmon, and produce a Monitoring and Assessment Plan (MAP). The 2017 Plan is an addendum to the 2005 Plan, but is also intended to serve as a stand-alone document. As an addendum, the 2017 Plan continues themes and content discussed in the 2005 Plan, provides information learned during the first 10 years of implementation, includes new habitat goals, and identifies new and updated strategies to meet salmon recovery goals. The 20 updated strategies are a valuable new tool to direct our work addressing the key factors limiting salmon recovery in our watershed. They are outlined in Section 4 of this document and spelled out in detail in Appendix E. Over the past 10 years, we have learned more about the impacts humans have on Chinook salmon survival through empirical scientific research, studies, and formal and informal monitoring of implemented projects. While the 2005 Plan included measurable salmon population recovery goals, there were no measurable goals for habitat restoration. The 2017 Plan uses recent habitat monitoring efforts that establish baseline conditions to develop near -term (2025) and long- term (2055) quantifiable habitat recovery goals. To produce a plan to achieve these goals, a conceptual model was developed to identify key life stages and important habitats that may limit Chinook salmon recovery. Human impacts that exert pressures on Chinook salmon and their habitat were evaluated for each life stage and geographic area of the watershed. This work formed the basis for developing the 20 recovery strategies to improve conditions that support Chinook salmon in WRIA 8. One of the primary gaps identified in the 2005 Plan was the lack of methodology to measure progress towards the desired future status of habitat. While we have learned much from monitoring efforts to date, developing the MAP (Appendix A) allows us to better assess our progress and correct our course as we protect and restore salmon habitats and ecosystem processes. The MAP guides project sponsors in monitoring and reporting the progress of habitat restoration projects towards habitat and salmon recovery. Significant Changes to the WRIA 8 Plan Since 2005 2005 Plan Status Change Plan Update Reference Focus on recovery of three Combined Issaquah Creek and Page 6 populations (Cedar River, North Lake Washington populations Issaquah Creek, and North Lake into a single Sammamish River Washington Tributaries) population Conceptual model New, lifecycle-based conceptual Pages 9-10 model helps prioritize life stages to inform prioritization of actions, location, and timing No habitat restoration goals Numeric habitat goals for five key Page 9 habitat elements Upper Cedar River Watershed, Area designated Tier 1 given regular, Section 1.2 above Landsburg Diversion Dam significant Chinook salmon designated Tier 21 spawning use since 2003 when construction of fish passage facilities allowed Chinook salmon to pass above Landsburg Diversion Dam Recovery strategies included Twenty new and updated recovery Section 4 strategies identified to guide implementation of recovery actions. Strategies based on new science, current conditions, and lessons learned. Comprehensive List of Revised and updated list of Pages 41-46 & Appendices F, H, Site -Specific Projects (600+ site -specific projects to improve and I projects) project specificity, update definitions, Start List of most important and reduce duplication, and add newly ready -to -go projects, land use identified projects. actions, and education and Revised and updated lists of (1) outreach actions to implement in recommended land use actions, and the first 10 years (2) education and outreach actions. All projects/actions are connected to the most relevant recovery strategies. Monitoring and adaptive Monitoring and Assessment Plan Pages 47-49 & Appendix A management framework guides monitoring and reporting on progress towards implementing recovery strategies and meeting habitat goals. Recovery "tiers" are determined by watershed condition and fish use and denote the priority for recovery activities. Tier 1 areas are highest priority, followed by Tier 2, which are satellite spawning areas and are important for the spatial diversity of Chinook. Tier 3 areas see infrequent or no Chinook use but are important from a water quality perspective. WA p L EE OTHELL .311 N�RYLaxo PEOMONO WRIA 8 Habitat Priority Tiers = Tier 1 et_', 2 ../^ WRIA 8 boundary River -- -- Stream „i- Major road 400 Lake Incorporated area xEWCA5TLE J S)PO H vEvi N 0 2 4 6Mlles July 2017 1. INTRODUCTION PLAN UPDATE CONTEXT This document updates the Lake Washington/ Cedar/Sammamish Watershed Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan (2005 Plan; WRIA 8 Steering Committee, 2005). Since 2000, Lake Washington/ Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (a.k.a. Water Resource Inventory Area [WRIA] 8) partners have worked together to improve conditions for threatened Chinook salmon, with the goal of bringing naturally -produced Chinook salmon back to sustainable, harvestable levels. Concerned about the need to protect and restore Chinook salmon habitat for future generations and to maintain local control over recovery decisions and implementation, 27 local governments in WRIA 8, including King and Snohomish counties and 25 cities, signed an interlocal agreement (ILA) in 2001 to jointly fund the development of the 2005 Plan. The 2005 Plan was created with input from numerous stakeholders to provide a science - based roadmap for protecting and restoring spawning, rearing, and migratory habitat for Chinook salmon. When the WRIA 8 Salmon Recovery Council adopted the 2005 Plan, they established an initial 10-year implementation period and called for the plan to be reviewed and updated after that Figure 1. Map of WRIA 8 Habitat Priority Tiers n 0 N time. After 10 years, we have learned much about where more work is needed. The 2017 WRIA 8 Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan (2017 Plan) updates the 2005 Plan with new information and lessons learned over the last decade, and includes refined strategies and goals for the future. The full process for updating the 2017 Plan with Salmon Recovery Council input and approval is described in Appendix B. In 2015, 28 local government partners in the watershed (the Town of Woodway joined the original 27 partners in 2014) renewed the ILA, recommitting themselves to coordinated salmon recovery for another 10 years. In so doing, partners recognized the habitat protection and restoration progress made over the past decade, the resulting benefits to local communities, and the efficiency of working collectively to make the watershed a place where salmon and people can live together. RECOVERY CONTEXT The Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8), located in western Washington, comprises 692 square miles and includes two major river systems (the Cedar and Sammamish rivers) and three large lakes (Union, Washington, and Sammamish). It also includes the marine nearshore and numerous smaller sub -basins that drain directly to Puget Sound from West Point in the City of Seattle northward to Elliott Point in the City of Mukilteo. WRIA 8 is located predominantly in western King County and about 15 percent of the land area extends northward into Snohomish County. Over 53 percent of the marine shoreline is located within Snohomish County (Figure 1). A large portion of the upper Cedar River watershed is the municipal drinking water supply for the City of Seattle, and is managed under a Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP). Tribal treaty areas in WRIA 8 include usual and accustomed fishing places of the Muckleshoot, Snoqualmie, Tulalip, and Suquamish tribes. The human population of the watershed is approximately 1.4 million. Historically, the Lake Washington watershed drained south to the Black and Duwamish rivers. In 1916, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) constructed the Hiram M. Chittenden (a.k.a. Ballard) Locks (Locks) and excavated the Ship Canal to conned the Union Bay area in Lake Washington with Salmon Bay in Puget Sound. The surface of Lake Washington dropped 9 feet and exposed previously inundated shallow -water areas, decreasing the lake shoreline by 12.8 percent and draining many of the lake's wetlands. The decrease in lake elevation disconnected Lake Washington from the Duwamish River, and the Cedar River — which previously flowed into the Duwamish River via the Black River —was permanently rerouted to Lake Washington. As most of the Black River dried up and became impassable, salmon populations were forced to find a new route to their natal streams. The Sammamish River, which historically had a meandering channel through a large wetland complex, was also heavily modified, straightened, and drained in the early to mid-1900s to reduce flooding and support agricultural production in the Sammamish Valley. In subsequent years, salmon habitat was further impaired as upland and shoreline development removed more shallow - water habitat, reduced channel complexity in rivers and streams, and reduced forest cover along lake and channel shorelines. Today, all Chinook salmon enter and exit the watershed through the Ballard Locks and its associated fish passage facilities. An estimated 31 populations of Chinook salmon once existed in Puget Sound. Annually, nearly 700,000 adults returned to Puget Sound watersheds to spawn. Since the late 1800s and early 1900s, human activities such as logging, overfishing, water withdrawals, and land development have caused the numbers of Chinook salmon to plummet to less than 10 percent of their historic levels (Figure 2). Nine populations have gone extinct, leaving only 22 populations in the Puget Sound. This drastic decline prompted the federal government to list Puget Sound Chinook salmon as threatened under the Endangered Species Ad in 1999. \' Railroad 1870 Northern Pacific Railroad Chinook Salmon Recovery Timeline q� i survey triggers land boom Logging 1881 First splash dam built for logging in Washington Population 1890 650k Seattle population 42,000 Landsburg Diversion Dam on Cedar River Constructed to supply drinking water to Seattle 550k - Canneries 1913 Puget Sound canneries pack more than 2.5 million cases of Pacific salmon - Ballard Locks Built 450k - �?rdA -- -- Lake Washington drops 9 feet Oc A7 `PO Gy c� t _ _ _-. NOgt'S t 1■ Population 0 G p Seattle 465,00,000 250k O�R Puget Sound 150k Wild Chinook — Population 50k WRIA 8 Wild Chinook Population 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 t --- _ _ _ _ I WRIA 8 Chinook Salmon I recovery goals: 2025 (near -term) 1 1 abundance goal= 1 2,763 returning natural- 1 I origin spawning adult fish I 1 2055 (long-term) I abundance goal range= I 3,000- 12,000 returning i 1 natural -origin spawning l adult fish I 1870 1881 1890 1901 1913 1916 1950 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015 2016 Why do the data on salmon abundance get better starting in 1975? The quality of data on annual salmon population runs improves starting in 1975, when the Washington Puget Sound Population 2016 Department of Fisheries (predecessor to Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife) initiated data Chinook listed Seattle 689,000 collection and began estimating annual salmon run size in response to the federal court mandate to as threatened develop and share annual abundance of salmon returning to individual rivers in Puget Sound. species Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 n 0 ry w a 0 a w 0 WRIA 8 is home to two of the 22 Chinook salmon populations in Puget Sound: the Cedar population (Cedar River and tributaries) and the Sammamish population (Sammamish River, North Creek, Little Bear Creek, Bear/Cottage Lake Creek, Issaquah Creek, Kelsey Creek). Focusing on two populations reflects a change since adoption of the 2005 Plan. Originally, lacking certainty about genetic differences between populations, salmon recovery partners took a precautionary approach that identified three distinct Chinook salmon populations in WRIA 8. Genetic analyses performed after the 2005 Plan indicated that a two -population approach (Cedar River and Sammamish River populations) was appropriate. This approach was adopted by the WRIA 8 Salmon Recovery Council in 2010. The contribution of WRIA 8 partners to the overall goal of increasing WRIA 8 natural -origin Chinook salmon to sustainable and harvestable levels is to protect high -quality habitat, as well as to reduce existing pressures and restore additional habitat needed by salmon at specific life history stages in the watershed. To prioritize implementation of restoration strategies, the watershed has been classified into functional "tiers" based on watershed condition and fish use (Figure 1). Tier 1 areas are the highest priority habitats for protection/ restoration, and include primary spawning areas, as well as migratory and rearing corridors. The Cedar and Sammamish rivers, Bear and Issaquah creeks, shores of lakes Sammamish, Union, and Washington (including the Ship Canal), and the marine nearshore (including bluff -backed beaches and pocket estuaries) are classified as Tier 1. The Cedar River is considered the highest priority Tier 1 area because it includes spawning and rearing areas for the Cedar population, which supports the largest number of natural -origin Chinook salmon in the watershed. With its tributaries, it is also the sole spawning area for the Cedar population. The marine nearshore is a Tier 1 area because it is important as migratory and rearing habitat for WRIA 8 Chinook populations and those from other Puget Sound watersheds. Tier 2 areas are a secondary priority and include areas less frequently used by Chinook salmon for spawning, but that contribute to the overall spatial diversity of salmon populations in the watershed. Tier 2 systems include North, Little Bear, Kelsey, and Evans creeks. Upland areas associated with Tier 1 and Tier 2 streams assume the tier designation for the waterbody the upland area supports. Tier 3 areas (all areas not Tier 1 or Tier 2) contain streams that are infrequently or never used by Chinook salmon, but are still important for other species of salmon and resident fish, water quality, flow management, and overall watershed health. Coal and May creeks were classified as Tier 3 streams in the 2005 Plan. Recently, these creeks have experienced an increase in use by spawning Chinook salmon, and contain areas with somewhat higher quality habitat compared to some other Tier 2 areas. The WRIA 8 Technical Committee (TC) plans to monitor their status and to consider upgrading these streams to Tier 2 if adult returns continue to increase. In addition to prioritizing geographic areas by tiers, the 2017 Plan further prioritizes actions by life stage, using an updated conceptual model developed by the WRIA 8 TC during the 2017 Plan update process. This conceptual model is described in more detail in Section 2.2. 2. RECOVERY GOALS As part of the 2005 Plan update process, the WRIA 8 Technical Committee (TC) reviewed the Chinook salmon population recovery goals established in the 2005 Plan and determined that they remain appropriate and relevant. Upon the recommendation of the TC, the WRIA 8 Salmon Recovery Council approved carrying them forward in the 2017 Plan. Noting that the 2005 Plan did not include quantifiable habitat goals, the TC used an assessment of pressures on Chinook salmon, a new conceptual model, existing monitoring data, limiting factor assessments, and available scientific studies to develop and articulate a focused set of near -term (2025) and long-term (2055) Chinook salmon habitat goals. These habitat goals provide targets for the most important Chinook salmon habitat elements in the watershed, and give us a roadmap for measuring progress. CHINOOK SALMON RECOVERY GOALS Chinook salmon population recovery goals were determined using the Viable Salmonid Population (VSP) concept and the recommendations identified in WRIA 8's "H-Integration" process to address impacts from habitat degradation, hatchery production, and harvest. A "viable" population is one that has a negligible risk of extinction in its native habitat over a 100-year time frame. Recovery goals are set for both a near -term (2025) and a long-term (2055) time frame for each VSP parameter to support sustainable Chinook salmon populations (Table 1). The 2025 and 2055 goals described for the Chinook salmon recovery goals in this section are the same as the short-term and long-term goals from the 2005 Plan. The 2005 Plan included Chinook salmon population recovery goals that are based on recovery planning targets provided by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Population Viability Analysis, which the TC further elaborated in 2009 as part of the H-Integration process. The TC reviewed these goals as part of updating the 2005 Plan, and recommended no changes for the 2017 Plan, which the Salmon Recovery Council approved. For more information on the Chinook salmon population recovery goals, see Chapter 3 of the 2005 Plan. Adult spawner ("fish -in") and juvenile outmigration ("fish -out") monitoring has occurred in the watershed since 1998, at significant expense to watershed partners. The TC recognizes the value of these data and recommends continuing this work. However, the TC notes that future priorities may require directing limited monitoring funds toward other priorities over the next 10-year implementation cycle. 8 Chinook Salmon Population Goals VSP' Parameter Historical Conditions 2025 GoalsrGoals CEDAR POPULATION Abundance >15,000 spawner capacity 1,680 natural -origin 2,000 to 8,000 spawners (NOS) natural -origin spawners; consistent with tribal treaty rights and recreational harvest Productivity Unknown >_2 returns per spawner 12-20% egg -to -migrant 2-4 years out of 10; survival rate >13.8% egg -to -migrant survival rate Spatial distribution Proportional use by river Convert one satellite Recapture historical mile and lake residencyc subarea to core (Tier 1); distribution; fully exploit expand spawning area available habitat distribution Diversity Assume >50% parr rearing Increase Cedar River Increase Cedar River life history; low stray rate instream rearing trajectory instream rearing from other systems trajectories to 50% SAMMAMISH POPULATION Abundance Unknown, estimated at Maintain base period 1,000 to 4,000 '8,500 spawners average of 1,083 naturally natural -origin spawners; spawning adults tribal treaty and sport fishing occur on a consistent basis Productivity Unknown Adult productivity>_1.0; >_10%egg-to-migrant >_2 returns per spawner 2 survival rate 4 years out of 10; >4.4% egg -to -migrant survival rate Spatial distribution Spawning distribution Convert one satellite Consistent use of north assumed to be broad, but subarea to core; expand Lake Washington more concentrated in spawning area distribution tributaries (in addition to larger streams Bear Creek) for spawning Diversity Historical diversity Improve Sammamish River Maintain and increase assumed to be greater habitat rearing conditions duration of natural than that at present to support eventual parr spawning in the basin rearing Note: Current population status is discussed in Section 3 a VSP — viable salmon population, one with a negligible risk of extinction over a 100-year time frame. b Historical conditions are estimates of presettlement or "template" conditions provided by NOAA and WDFW. c Lake residency is considered a template condition, even though lake residency is not a historical condition. See 2005 Plan for more information. Table 1. WRIA 8 Chinook Salmon Population Goals For more information on the VSP Framework and how the Chinook salmon recovery goals were developed, see Appendix C-1 in the 2005 Plan. HABITAT GOALS The relationships between habitat conditions and Chinook salmon growth and survival are known to be multifaceted and complex. They operate at many spatial and temporal scales. The response of Chinook salmon populations to even large-scale habitat improvements may not be detectable for years, and may be confounded by improvements or declines elsewhere in the watershed or in the marine environment. Nevertheless, known linkages exist between freshwater habitat conditions and salmon, supported by decades of scientific research. During the 2017 Plan update process, the TC reviewed new information about Chinook salmon needs and limiting factors in WRIA 8. This review culminated in a conceptual life stage model of WRIA 8 Chinook salmon that considers the habitat needs and pressures facing Chinook salmon at each specific time and place in their lifecycle. The conceptual model allowed the TC to rank the pressures affecting Chinook salmon in the watershed, thereby helping ensure that strategies were developed to address the most pressing issues. This process allowed the TC to focus protection and recovery recommendations where they will be most effective and cost-efficient. WRIA 8 conceptual life -stage model Chinook salmon occupy different and unique habitats at each stage of their lives. Each of these habitat types becomes significant to salmon for the specific periods it is occupied (or traversed) by Chinook salmon. Environmental conditions vary across space and time; stresses vary in their significance by geography, season, and life stage. The life stage conceptual model for WRIA 8 Chinook salmon (Figure 3) attempts to describe these local stresses and illustrate the factors with the most important impacts. The following section summarizes the key factors affecting each life stage at the most significant places and times. More information can be found online at http;// www.goviink.org/watersheds/8/reports/default. aspx#fishecol. Adult migration occurs from June through September from Salmon Bay through the Ballard Locks and Ship Canal to Lake Washington, and from Lake Washington either north to the Sammamish River and its tributaries, or south to the Cedar River or south Lake Washington tributary streams (Kelsey, May and Coal creeks). Significant stresses identified for adult migrants include thermal and dissolved oxygen barriers at the Locks and Ship Canal, and physical passage through the Locks and fish ladder. The Sammamish River can pose significant thermal stress to Chinook salmon returning to Bear/Cottage Lake and Issaquah creeks, as well as to Chinook salmon returning to the Issaquah Salmon Hatchery. Lethal and sublethal temperatures in the Ship Canal and Sammamish River during adult migration are considered a key constraint on recovery. Harvest in terminal or freshwater areas (including bycatch) is currently minimal, and is managed to protect Cedar River Chinook salmon as stipulated in the Puget Sound Chinook Harvest Management Plan (Puget Sound Indian Tribes and WDFW, 2010). Stream flows on the Cedar River are managed by Seattle Public Utilities to support fall migration and spawning needs. Elsewhere, low flows early in the migration period could potentially impede migration. The sockeye broodstock collection facility on the lower Cedar River has the potential to delay passage and alter spawning patterns (facility is monitored and managed to minimize delays and is undergoing redesign). Predation on migrating adults occurs at the Locks, but is not SPAWNING ADULT MIGRATION ,f MATURATION (MARINE WATERS) i NEARSHORE FORAGING MIGRATION TO PUGET SOUND INCUBATION AND EMERGENCE -VV RZIP STREAM REARING DOWNSTREAM I MIGRATION LAKE REAR LAKE MIGRATION .4-- elo l� Figure 3. Life Stage Conceptual Model of WRIA 8 Chinook Salmon consistently significant. Disease or parasites on Chinook salmon do not appear to be a significant issue at this time. Spawning in WRIA 8 occurs from September through November in the Cedar River, Bear/ Cottage Lake Creek, Issaquah Creek (below and above the Issaquah Salmon Hatchery), Little Bear Creek, North Creek, and Kelsey Creek. May and Coal creeks and a few other streams in the basin also see intermittent use by small numbers of Chinook salmon. Monitoring on the Cedar River and on Bear/Cottage Lake Creek indicates that these streams have sufficient spawning habitat at current abundance levels. Limitations in other creeks are unknown but are assumed to be present inside the Urban Growth Area (UGA). Potential spawning stresses include habitat limitations (gravel quantity and quality, inadequate cover), hatchery interactions, and low streamflow and high temperatures early in the spawning season. In addition, disturbance or harassment by humans or their pets, or human infrastructure (e.g., artificial light) could affect spawning success, especially in urban areas. Incubation and emergence occurs from September through March in the Cedar River, Bear/Cottage Lake Creek, Issaquah Creek (below and above the hatchery), Little Bear Creek, North Creek, and Kelsey Creek. Potential stresses include habitat limitations through excessive fine sediments, abnormally high or low streamflow, high temperature, and possible water quality concerns, especially during early fall freshets (urban stormwater has been shown to affect salmon embryo development). Monitoring on Cedar River and Bear Creek indicates those areas are not limited at this life history stage at current abundance levels (WRIA 8 TC, unpublished data). Habitat quality/quantity limitations on other creeks are unknown but likely high, except perhaps upper Issaquah Creek where human impacts are lower. Streamflow on the Cedar River is regulated to support Chinook salmon incubation through an HCP, and is managed during redd incubation to avoid, if possible, redd scour due to flows above about 2,200 cfs. Flow management on the Cedar River also supplements minimum flows to prevent redd dewatering during low flow periods. It is important to note that flow management can be limited due to the relatively small size of the water supply dams on the Cedar River, which were not designed as flood control facilitates. Elsewhere, high- or low -flow events may affect success through scouring or dewatering redds. Temperature during incubation influences time of emergence — warmer temperatures speed embryo development and result in earlier emergence dates, which could affect survival if fry emerge before prey or during high winter flows. Stream rearing occurs from January through July, and a very small fraction of the population remains in the system as yearlings. Stream rearing occurs in the Cedar River, Bear/Cottage Lake Creek, Issaquah Creek (below and above the hatchery), Little Bear Creek, North Creek, and Kelsey Creek. Potential stresses include streamflow, habitat limitations (quantity and quality of instream habitat, cover, flood refugia, and large woody debris), predation, prey resources, and water quality. A key constraint on Chinook salmon recovery in WRIA 8 is insufficient Instream rearing and refuge habitat, due to habitat simplification, loss of floodplains and side channels/off-channel rearing, and lack of large woody debris. Evidence from annual juvenile outmigrant trapping indicates this life stage is limited in the Cedar River and Bear/Cottage Lake Creek. It is likely that this life stage is limited by lack of instream rearing and refuge habitat throughout the watershed, though little data exist on Chinook salmon productivity in other WRIA 8 streams. (Habitat monitoring confirms lack of quality rearing/refuge habitat.) Streamflow issues vary from year to year. Peak storm flows may wash fry downstream if floodplain refuge habitat is insufficient; base flows are usually adequate during the period that Chinook salmon rear in the stream (although unusually low base flows in spring 2015 could become more common under climate change scenarios). Predation by cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) and other predators may be a factor. Prey abundance and its potential limitation during the stream rearing stage is unknown, although prey abundance may be considered low in areas with low concentrations of macroinvertebrates (as measured by the Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity, or B-IBI). Poor water quality may affect Chinook salmon survival in areas with high volumes of storm runoff. Downstream migration occurs from January through July, with fry migrants moving downstream from January through April, and parr migrants moving downstream from April through July. Potential stresses include streamflow, habitat limitations (quantity and quality of cover), and predation. Predation on migrating juvenile Chinook salmon by resident trout and other fish, including some non -natives, may present localized bottlenecks, and is likely a key pressure at this life stage. Lake rearing and migration occur from January through July, with small numbers of Chinook salmon remaining year-round in Lake Washington and Lake Union, either by choice or due to late - season thermal barriers to outmigration at the Ballard Locks, Lake Washington is a unique feature across Puget Sound Chinook populations, and functions much like an estuary for WRIA 8 Chinook salmon fry. Rearing in Lake Washington begins in the southern end near the outlet of the Cedar River (January through March) and shifts northward toward Union Bay and the Ship Canal in later months, as juveniles move toward eventual outmigration (May through July). Prey resources do not appear to be limiting. During January through to early April, fry are shoreline -oriented and feed primarily on chironomids in shallow waters. Chinook salmon fry become less shoreline -oriented and occupy deeper water as they grow and migrate northward, and shift to Daphnia spp. as their preferred prey after the spring phytoplankton bloom and daphnia emergence. Information on the behavior of naturally produced Chinook salmon in Lake Sammamish is limited, but it is likely that fry exhibit similar behavior. Potential stresses during take rearing and migration include predation, habitat limitations (quantity and quality of refuge habitat, cover), inadequate prey resources, high temperatures, and poor water quality. Shoreline habitat, including stream mouths, has greater importance at the southern ends of Lake Washington and Lake Sammamish when n 0 N w a 0 IL w 0 Chinook salmon are smaller; good lake shoreline habitat is generally lacking throughout both lakes. Early -season predation on Chinook salmon is assumed to be focused on the southern shorelines, with a shift northward and offshore as Chinook salmon grow. Early -season water temperatures likely hinder significant predation by warmwater fish, but predation by cutthroat trout and northern pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) could affect a large proportion of the Chinook salmon population. Recent captures of walleye (Sander vitreus), a non-native warm -water lake fish common to the Midwest, in both lakes raise concerns that this low -light predator could adversely affect overall survival rates in the future if their numbers grow. There is little research on avian predation in Lake Washington. Predation by fish in Lake Washington and the Ship Canal, while not yet adequately quantified, appears likely to be a key constraint on juvenile rearing and migration. Predation is likely to be exacerbated by artificial nighttime lighting in urban areas. Poor water quality may have sublethal effects on Chinook salmon survival, especially near stormwater outfalls and in the Ship Canal and Lake Union. Recent analyses showed no evidence of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination of juvenile Chinook salmon leaving the Lake Washington system, although the issue is known to be significant elsewhere in Puget Sound (Meador, 2013). Migration to Puget Sound occurs from April through August. The key geography for this life stage includes the Lake Washington Ship Canal, Ballard Locks, and the Salmon Bay estuary. Potential stresses include abrupt temperature and salinity transitions, predation, habitat limitations (quantity and quality of refuge habitat, cover), high temperatures, poor water quality, and lack of prey resources (though ample zooplankton prey are available in the inner bay just downstream of the Locks (Simenstad et al., 2003). Predation by warmwater predators is likely significant because of the concentration of predators and timing of migration. Recent surveys have documented smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), largemouth bass (M. salmoides), rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) as predators on juvenile Chinook salmon in the Ship Canal. The Ballard Locks pose a migration barrier hazard as exit pathways may physically harm Chinook salmon, delay their volitional passage, or cause other sublethal effects. Nearshore foraging occurs primarily from April through August in the Puget Sound nearshore, but Chinook are found in the nearshore throughout the year (Brennan et al., 2004). Data from beach seining in 2001 and 2002 showed thatjuvenile Chinook (<150mm) caught within WRIA 8's nearshore consumed higher amounts of crab larvae and terrestrial insects than two areas in WRIA 9 (Brennan et al., 2004). It also showed that as juvenile Chinook get larger than 150mm, they predominately feed on other fish. Potential impacts include lack of rearing habitat and disconnected habitat, predation, lack of or competition for prey resources, and poor water quality. Since WRIA 8 lacks a true estuary, Chinook fry tend to rear in Lake Washington and enter Puget Sound at approximately the same size as WRIA 8 parr migrants. The nearshore is a shared resource that offers regional benefits for Chinook migrating along the shoreline from WRIA 8 as well as from other watersheds. Maturation (marine waters). Chinook salmon spend 1 to 5 years in Puget Sound and the Pacific Ocean before returning to fresh water to spawn, with the majority of WRIA 8 Chinook salmon returning at age 3 or 4. Shifts in ocean conditions such as those related to El Nino and Pacific Decadal Oscillation patterns or climate change (e.g., ocean acidification) have been shown to affect ocean survival rates and therefore Chinook salmon abundance. Approximately 58 percent of WRIA 8 adult Chinook salmon caught in marine fisheries (1973-1985) were recovered within Puget Sound, while 15 percent were recovered off southwest Vancouver Island (Quinn et al., 2005). Marine harvest of Chinook salmon is governed by international treaty and by state, federal, and tribal fishery managers. HABITAT GOALS SUMMARY During development of the 2017 Plan, the TC developed a short list of near -term (2025) and long-term (2055) goals (Table 2) that focus on the key elements affecting Chinook salmon within the watershed, as determined by scientific research (including new and emerging scientific information), the WRIA 8 Chinook salmon conceptual model, and assessment of the human pressures on Chinook salmon survival in WRIA 8 (Section 3.3). The 2025 goals selected by the TC focus on the most important habitat elements for conservation and recovery of Chinook salmon in the watershed and are based on local data, the unique constraints placed on rivers and streams in the WRIA 8 watershed, and the pace of implementation progress in the last 10 years. These goals are intended to be feasible and achievable, and are proxies for a larger set of habitat processes that o the TC hypothesizes will be improved if these — goals are met. The 2055 goals represent desired future conditions, which in some cases are a o qualitative description rather than a quantitative D measure. The WRIA 8 Salmon Recovery Council a approved the goals during development of the } 2017 Plan. g Monitoring is necessary to track progress towards achieving these goals. To align with other planning M horizons and remain ecologically meaningful, we C recommend that adaptive management course corrections occur in 5-year intervals, at which time the goals will be assessed and adjusted as necessary, and the next adaptive management planning horizon will be set. The WRIA 8 TC will oversee monitoring efforts in the intervening periods and recommend changes if warranted by interim results. (see Appendix A: Monitoring and Assessment Plan) WRIA 8 Habitat Goals Habitat Component I ..ls 2055 Goals Cedar River Total connected floodplain acres Total connected floodplain acres between between Lake Washington and Lands- Lake Washington and Landsburg Diversion burg Diversion Dam will be 1,170 acres Dam will be at least 1,386 acres by 2055 (reconnect an additional 130 acres) by (reconnect on additional 346 acres). 2025. Average wood volume between RM 4 and Average wood volume will quadruple Landsburg Diversion Dam will be 93 over current basin conditions to 42 m3/100 m by 2055 (the median standard m3/100 m (RM 4 to Landsburg Diversion wood volume for streams over 30 m Dam) by 2025. bankfull width — Fox and Bolton, 2007). Sammamish River Areas of river will be cool enough to Riparian forest cover and thermal refugia support Chinook salmon migration and along the river will help keep it cool survival (Increase riparian cover by at enough to support Chinook salmon least 10% and add two thermal refugia) migration and survival by 2055. by 2025. Streams Area of riparian cover in each Tier 1 and Riparian areas along Tier 1 and Tier 2 (Bear/Cottage Lake, Tier 2 stream will increase by 10% over streams will be of sufficient size and quality Issaquah, Evans, 2015 conditions by 2025. to support sustainable and harvestable Kelsey, Little Bear, Chinook salmon populations in the water - North creeks) Average wood volume will double over shed by 2055. current basin conditions by 2025. Each Tier 1 and Tier 2 stream system will meet appropriate regional instream wood -loading standards by 2055. Lakes Natural lake shoreline' south of 1-90 Natural lake shoreline south of 1-90 on (Lake Washington) and throughout Lake Lake Washington and throughout Lake Sammamish will double over 2015 Sammamish will be restored adequately to conditions by 2025. supportjuvenile rearing and migration by Natural riparian vegetation within 2055. 25 feet of shoreline south of 1-90 Natural vegetation within 25 feet of the (Lake Washington) and throughout Lake shoreline south of 1-90 (Lake Washington) Sammamish will double over 2015 and throughout Lake Sammamish is conditions by 2025. restored adequately to supportjuvenile rearing and migration by 2055. Nearshore Pocket estuaries along WRIA 8 shoreline Same as 2025 goal. (Pocket Estuaries) will supportjuvenile Chinook salmon for rearing and migration (reconnect two stream mouth pocket estuaries) by 2025. '"Natural lake shoreline" is defined by the WRIA 8 Technical Committee as without bulkhead, with slope and substrate matching historic lakeshore contours for the area under consideration. RM = River Mile Table 2. WRIA 8 Habitat Goals In 2015, WRIA 8 hosted a technical forum assembling fisheries scientists and technical experts on salmon recovery in the watershed. Participants proposed the following priority - level rankings of limiting factors to recovery. These constitute an outline for a prioritized list of research and data needs to advance recovery and support implementation of the 2017 Plan. (A full summary of the forum and presentations can be found online at http://www.goviink.org! watersheds/8/committees/15Tech Frm/defau It.aspx). First -tier priorities: Ballard Locks and Ship Canal operations — What are feasible solutions to improve conditions related to high temperature, low dissolved oxygen, and concomitant decreased resistance of salmonids to disease/parasites? Rearing and refuge — What are the effects of a lack of woody debris and floodplain connectivity (levees, revetments) and other features of adequate instream rearing habitat? Lake survival — What are the effects of artificial light and predation in Lake Washington, Lake Sammamish, and the Ship Canal (predation in Ship Canal may be a key limiting factor)? High water temperature — What are the effects of high water temperature in the Ship Canal and Sammamish River? Other important priorities: Water quality — What are the effects of stormwater on Chinook salmon, including toxic loading of chemicals and contaminants? Are current stormwater regulations and treatment standards adequate? How can the pace of retrofits be increased? Streamflows — What are the effects of low summer flows and "flashy" winter flows? Invasive aquatic vegetation — What are the effects of invasive aquatic vegetation on salmon migration and survival? Other limiting factors with potentially large impacts: • Piers and docks — What are the effects of overwater structures on salmon migration and survival? Genetic introgression or other issues related to hatchery operations — What are the effects of hatcheries on the genetic fitness of natural origin salmon? In addition, the WRIA 8 TC identified the following critical monitoring needs to track indicators associated with key recovery goals. Juvenile outmigrant trapping and adult spawner surveys are currently funded in part by competitive grants; other critical monitoring needs are unfunded. • Juvenile outmigrant trapping • Adult spawner surveys • Wood volume surveys on all Tier 1 and Tier 2 streams • Lakeshore surveys: length of natural bank profile, bulkheads, overwater structures • Remote sensing: high -resolution land cover mapping of forest cover and impervious surfaces • Assessment of accessibility and habitat quality of pocket estuaries and coastal streams entering Puget Sound Monitoring needs are outlined in more detail in the Monitoring and Assessment Plan, Appendix A. 3. CURRENT STATUS 0 N CHINOOK SALMON STATUS „ The general approach to determine the conservation status a of Chinook salmon in the Puget Sound region is based on the a viable salmonid population (VSP) concept. A VSP is defined as an independent population with a negligible less than 5 percent) risk of � P P P( p ) } extinction in their natural habitat over a 100-year period (McElhany o et al. 2000). The attributes used to evaluate the status of Chinook salmon are abundance, population productivity, spatial distribution, c and diversity. m ABUNDANCE Adult abundance is the number of adult Chinook salmon returning to WRIA 8 streams to spawn. In WRIA 8, abundance is monitored by surveying each Tier 1 and Tier 2 stream for salmon redds during the spawning season. Carcasses are surveyed for the presence or absence of an adipose fin: the absence of an adipose fin indicates hatchery origin. Abundance goals for Chinook salmon in WRIA 8 were set by the state and tribal Co -Managers and adopted in the WRIA 8 Plan in 2005. The 10-year WRIA 8 abundance goal for the Cedar River population was 1,680 natural -origin spawners (NOS). Average return for the Cedar River population (2006-2015) was 1,012 NOS (Figure 4). The 10-year abundance goal for the Sammamish River population (measured on Bear/Cottage Lake Creek) was 350 NOS. Average spawner abundance for Bear/Cottage Lake Creek (2006-2015) was 47 NOS (Figure 5). A second 10-year WRIA 8 goal for the Sammamish River population (measured on Bear/Cottage Lake and Issaquah creeks) was to maintain the base period average escapement of 1,083 adults (combined hatchery -origin and natural - origin spawners). Average return for the Sammamish River population (2006-2015) was 1,269 adults (including HOS). WRIA 8 Chinook Salmon Abundance Productivity Status 1,012 natural -origin spawners (NOS) ) 1,680 NOS Positive trend (see text) 24.0% egg -to -migrant survival >_2 returns per spawner 2-4 years out of 10 >_13.8% egg -to -migrant survival rate Spatial distribution Cedar River above Landsburg converted to Tier 1 Convert one satellite subarea to core (Tier 1) Spawning area distribution includes Restore historic spatial distribution Cedar River from Landsburg to Cedar Falls (natural upstream barrier) Diversity Average instream rearing (parr): 8% Increase Cedar River instream rearing to 40% Abundance Productivity Spatial distribution Diversity Hatchery -origin spawners (HOS) 20% 47 NOS HOS<20% 350 NOS —Bear/ Cottage Lake index 1,337 naturally spawning adults Maintain base period average of (includes HOS) 1,083 naturally spawning adults Productivity < 1.0 Adult productivity 21.0; >2 returns per spawner 2 4 years out of 10; 8.8%egg-to-migrant survival >_4.4%egg-to-migrant survival rate Restored access to Issaquah Creek I Restore historic spatial distribution above hatchery intake diversion No detectable change in spawning Expand spawning area distribution distribution in North Lake Washington tributaries No improvement Sammamish River habitat on trajectory to support parr rearing Hatchery origin spawners (HOS) Hatchery -origin spawners status average: 90% (status quo) quo or decrease 17 n 0 N w F- a 0 a of a w 0 Table a Summary of the Current Status of Chinook Salmon in WRIA 8 2000 1800 c _ 1600 w Q N 1400 a c tM o a 1200 O w } A 1000 O 3 Y 800 _ Z m W 0 600 a y o E 400 v Z 200 0 0 ZUU4 ZUUb 2UUb ZUU/ 2UUU 2UU9 201U 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Source: WDFW Return Year Figure 4. Cedar River Chinook Salmon Abundance: Natural -Origin Spawners (NOS), 2004-2016 400 12 350 d C 300 Q to c 250 IM .` 200 N 7 � 150 Z 46 0 100 r d a E 50 7 Z L 2004 2005 2006 2007 2006 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Source: WDFW Return Year Figure 5. Bear Creek/Cottoge Lake Creek Chinook Salmon Abundance: Natural -Origin Spawners (NOS), 2004-2015 While WRIA 8 has no quantitative goals forjuvenile Chinook salmon abundance, the watershed funds juvenile abundance monitoring through outmigrant trapping on the Cedar River and Bear Creek. Juvenile Chinook salmon abundance has significantly increased in recent years (Figure 6 and Figure 7). PRODUCTIVITY Productivity indicates whether a population is growing or shrinking over time. Given the very low overall abundance of Chinook salmon in WRIA 8, high productivity is necessary to restore the population to historical levels. Overall Chinook salmon productivity is influenced by factors throughout the full salmon lifecycle, including elements outside the control of WRIA 8 partners, such as marine Survival. Juvenile productivity, however, mostly reflects habitat factors within the control of WRIA 8 partners, such as watershed hydrology and juvenile rearing habitat quantity and quality. For this reason, WRIA 8 focuses on juvenile productivity as a key indicator of progress. Adult productivity is assessed and reported by the NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center at five-year intervals. The most recent review was published in 2015, and reported on Chinook salmon status through 2011 (NWFSC, 2015). Fifteen -year trends in c 41 M 0 `w a E .. �, loll e x IN M rrM nil I I I I I Source: WDFW Brood Year '2012 '20U '2014 '2015 Figure 6. Juvenile Chinook Salmon Abundance (Cedar River) 70,000 N 60,000 rn 50,000 O w C 40,000 �e 30,000 w 0 a 20,000 E Z 10,000 191 Source: WDFW Brood Year Figure 7. Juvenile Chinook Salmon Abundance (Bear Creek/Cottage Lake Creek) 0 N productivity are reported by a method where a number above zero indicates positive productivity, while a number below zero indicates a population that is not replacing itself (NWFSC, 2015). Data through 2011 indicated that the Cedar River population has shown a positive productivity trend. The Sammamish population displays a negative trend through 2011. Adult spawner surveys and juvenile outmigrant trapping allows the watershed to estimate juvenile productivity. WRIA 8 uses egg -to -migrant survival as its indicator ofjuvenile productivity. The 10- year juvenile survival rate goals in the 2005 Plan for WRIA 8 Chinook salmon from egg deposition to the trapping location were 13.8 percent and 4.4 percent for the Cedar and Bear populations, respectively.2 The average survival rates for the last 10 years (brood years 2004-2013) are 22.2 percent for the Cedar population and 7.64 percent for the Bear population. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION The distribution of a population throughout a landscape provides an insurance policy against isolated catastrophes, such as floods or landslides that affect only a small geographic area. WRIA 8 salmon populations possess a greater chance of long-term survival if they are able to spawn and rear successfully throughout the landscape. During times of high abundance, salmon are more likely to spread out and use less ideal habitats, and colonize nearby streams and basins. During periods of low abundance, spawning salmon spatial distribution is more likely to contract to prime spawning areas. In WRIA 8, the 10-year goal in the 2005 Plan was to maintain and, where opportunities existed, increase the spawning and rearing distribution of Chinook salmon throughout the watershed. Annual spawning ground surveys indicate increasing use of the Cedar River above the Landsburg Diversion Dam since creation of a fish passage facility there in 2003. Similarly, recent construction of a fish passage project at the hatchery intake diversion on Issaquah Creek will likely increase Chinook use of the upper creek. 2Juvenile survival is an indicator of freshwater production above the trapping location. In WRIA 8, those locations are in the lower Cedar River and lower Bear Creek. Survival from the trapping location to the eventual exit of the WRIA 8 system at the Ballard Locks can be estimated through the use of passive inductance transponder (PIT) tag readers. Measured at the Locks,juvenile survival integrates overall survival through Lake Washington and (for the Bear Creek migrants) through the Sammamish River. Currently, the complex nature of the passage options forjuvenile Chinook salmon through the Locks makes estimating overall survival problematic. In 2016, an additional PIT tag array in one of the lock -filling culverts should improve our ability to estimate the survival ofjuvenile Chinook salmon to the Locks. WRIA 8 Chinook Salmon Redd Survey Results, 1999-2015 Creek Bear 1999 137 iri 30 2001 42 2002ii 25 24 rr• 25 2005 40 2006 12 2007 20 2008 44 2009 9 2010 1 2011 17 2012 41 2013r2015 16 5 60 Cottage 171 103 96 102 120 96 82 119 69 88 39 59 38 106 32 55 78 EF Issaquah NS NS NS 0 3 25 11 3 30 13 19 29 18 15 28 31 12 Little Bear 1 1 1 3 3 1 0 0 5 1 1 0 0 0 NS NS 7 North Creek 2 4 6 10 1 5 4 9 3 5 7 3 5 14 NS NS 4 Kelsey Creek 76 8 4 5 0 7 14 93 77 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 May Creek 0 1 3 1 NS 1 5 1 9 1 0 12 5 2 1 1 1 1 2 NS I NS 1 0 Rock Creek (Lower) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 2 7 1 0 1 0 Taylor Creek 0 0 7 12 11 8 7 i 30 0 0 1 2 11 9 5 4 Peterson Creek 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Walsh Creek 0 0 1 0 6 12 0 0 10 0 0 X X X X X X Cedar River Mainstem (and tribs above L'burg) 182 53 390 269 319 490 331 587 859 599 285 262 322 420 724 227 713 Source: WDFW, Seattle Public Utilities, City of Bellevue Note: X' denotes an artificial tributary that no longer supports spawning. "NS" denotes No Survey. Table 4. WRIA 8 Chinook Salmon Redd Survey Results, 1999-2015 DIVERSITY WRIA 8 partners monitor diversity through assessments of the age of returning adults, the proportion of juvenile salmon migrating as fry (early) or parr (later), and the proportion of hatchery fish on the spawning grounds. WRIA 8 goals are to increase the proportion of parr migrants on the Cedar River, and decrease the proportion of hatchery -origin Chinook salmon spawning with natural -origin fish. The number of parr migrants has not increased consistently (Figure 8). Fry migrants have driven the overall increase in juvenile migrants in recent years (Figure 6 and Figure 7). This and other data indicate that freshwater rearing and refuge habitat continues to limit the production of parr migrants. This information confirms that our primary goal of increasing freshwater rearing and refuge habitat is still a priority. We expect that over time, as more rearing and refuge habitat is restored, the number of parr migrants will increase. WRIA 8 goals in the 2005 Plan were to see a decrease in the proportion of hatchery -origin spawners to below 20 percent for the Cedar population and to increase the proportion of natural -origin spawners in the Sammamish population. For the Cedar population, the proportion of hatchery -origin spawners was below 20 percent between 2007 and 2013, but has recently increased (Figure 9). We speculate that recent high temperatures during the late summer/early fall migration period have induced more hatchery -origin Chinook salmon to migrate to the Cedar River, rather than return through the much warmer Sammamish River to the Issaquah hatchery. The proportion of hatchery -origin spawners is consistently high (over 70 percent) for the Sammamish population (Figure 9). 70,000 r` 0 N 60,000 W N a 50,000 0 `0) a 40,000 w O r, a 30,000 — 0 o m 4 20,000 a E c z o Z 10,000 AI Source: WDFW Brood Year Figure 8. Number of Parr Migrants from the Cedar River and Bear Creek/Cottage Lake Creek, Brood Years 2000-2015 f[IIXIV 90.0% 80.0% N 0 � � 70.0% m = = C 60.0% O o c E so.o% o m Y N C C 40.0% O o Q. C 30.0% DU d � 20.0% E N 10.0% W 0.0% Source: WDFW and Return Year Seattle Public Utilities Figure 9. Estimated Proportion of Hatchery -Origin Chinook Salmon (PHOS) Detected in Cedar River and Bear Creek/Cottage Lake Creek Spawning Surveys Since 2004 CHINOOK SALMON HABITAT STATUS The condition of the watershed varies between lower elevations that have been intensively developed and higher elevations that are more pristine. Current stream habitat conditions in most areas inside the UGA boundary in WRIA 8 are degraded, largely because of land conversion and associated effects of human activities. Data on habitat status since 2005 includes a forest cover analysis (Vanderhoof et al., 2011) and a wadeable streams status and trends monitoring project (King County, 2015), as well as ongoing annual monitoring of water quality and macroinvertebrates (indirect indicators of habitat quality) conducted by King County and other jurisdictions. The wadeable streams project collected data on pools, wood in streams, sediment, riparian canopy cover, and many other metrics. Other studies in the watershed that provide valuable information on habitat status include a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) longitudinal profile of the Cedar River (Konrad et al., in press), Bear Creek watershed planning research (King County, 2017), and high -resolution land cover mapping by NOAA using 2015 aerial photography (NOAA, 2017). Important locations lacking in recent data include the lake shorelines, where information on bulkheads, docks, and lakeshore conditions is necessary to track improvements or degradation. Other habitat status and trends monitoring needs are outlined in the Monitoring and Assessment Plan (Appendix A). RIVERS AND STREAMS Cedar River and Tributaries (Tier 1) The Cedar River contains the highest priority spawning and rearing areas in WRIA 8 and (with its tributaries) is the sole spawning and rearing stream for the Cedar River Chinook salmon population. The river supports the largest number of natural - origin Chinook salmon in the basin, and contains the primary spawning areas for Lake Washington sockeye and steelhead. A fish passage facility installed at the Landsburg water supply diversion dam in 2003 substantially increased the extent of Chinook salmon spawning and rearing habitat by over 17 miles in the watershed, and reconnected the full historical extent of migratory habitat. The river upstream of the Landsburg Diversion Dam is protected by a 50-year HCP administered by Seattle Public Utilities, and is used annually by a substantial proportion of Chinook salmon returning to the watershed. The river upstream from Landsburg Diversion Dam to the natural barrier at Cedar Falls was reclassified to Tier 1 habitat status in 2017. Aside from some service roads, this area is unconfined by levees or other artificial structures, and the riparian zone is dominated by second - growth conifer forest. Of the 1,419 acres in the moderate CMZ below Landsburg Diversion Dam as of 2015, approximately 380 acres (26 percent) are behind levees, revetments, or other hard structures. (WRIA 8 uses the moderate CMZ as a proxy for its floodplain metric.) Between 2005 and 2015, approximately 65 acres of floodplain were reconnected through levee setbacks and floodplain restoration. Using a recent remote -sensing product (NOAA, 2015), the TC estimates the instream area of woody debris in the Cedar River between RM 4 and Landsburg as 5.2 m2/100 m. If the typical jam is assumed to be 2 meters tall, the estimated wood volume would be 10.4 m3/100 m (WRIA 8 TC, unpublished GIS data; King County, 2015). This value is substantially below regional benchmarks for rivers of this size (Fox and Bolton, 2007) and the TC considers this value to reflect poor condition (well below the 25th percentile for rivers 30 meters bankfull width or greater). Using a high -resolution (1 meter) land cover product (NOAA, 2017), the WRIA 8 TC estimated the 2015 forest cover within 200 feet of the channel centerline as 70 percent outside the UGA boundary and 39 percent inside the UGA (WRIA 8 TC, unpublished data). Impervious cover extent was estimated at 4 percent outside the UGA and 18 percent inside. Sammamish River (Tier 1) The Sammamish River is a low -gradient waterbody connecting Lake Sammamish and Lake Washington, and is the migratory pathway to and from Lake Washington for salmon originating in the Issaquah and Bear Creek/Cottage Lake Creek systems, as well as for Chinook and coho salmon produced at the Issaquah salmon hatchery. The Sammamish River valley was heavily modified in the 20th century, and the river is channelized and armored along its entire length. The Sammamish River is classified as a flood conveyance facility by the USACE; opportunities for levee setback projects are minimal. King County designated a portion of the Sammamish Valley as an agricultural production district (APD), to preserve agricultural production. While development pressure is reduced in the APD, efforts to restore habitat in this area may be limited and will need to consider these agricultural designations and work closely with agricultural preservation interests. A recent remote -sensing product (NOAA, 2015) detected zero incidence of large wood in the Sammamish River (WRIA 8 TC, unpublished GIS data). However, constructed logjams are known to be present in the Sammamish River in and near Redmond. Notwithstanding the few known logjams, the TC considers the Sammamish River to reflect poor condition for wood volume. Using a high -resolution (1 meter) land cover product (NOAA, 2017), the WRIA 8 TC estimated the 2015 forest cover within 200 feet of the Sammamish River channel centerline as 16 percent outside the UGA boundary and 32 percent inside the UGA (WRIA 8 TC, unpublished data). Impervious cover extent within the 200-foot area was estimated at 6 percent outside the UGA and 15 percent inside. Bear Creek/Cottage Lake Creek (Tier 1) The Bear Creek/Cottage Lake Creek system is the primary spawning tributary for the naturally produced portion of the Sammamish River Chinook salmon population. The lower reaches of the Bear Creek/Cottage Lake system are heavily urbanized in Redmond near the confluence with the Sammamish River. Farther upstream, rural/ suburban land uses predominate. Using a high -resolution (1 meter) land cover product (NOAA, 2017), the WRIA 8 TC estimated the 2015 forest cover within 200 feet of the Bear Creek channel centerline as 69 percent outside the UGA boundary and 35 percent inside the UGA (WRIA 8 TC, unpublished data). Cottage Lake Creek forest cover (all outside the UGA) was estimated at 39 percent. Impervious cover within the 200-foot area was estimated at 4 percent outside the UGA and 19 percent inside for Bear Creek, and 10 percent for Cottage Lake Creek. Wood volume for seven sites sampled annually in the Bear Creek/Cottage Lake Creek basin between 2010 and 2013 averaged 22.8 m3/100 m (WRIA 8 TC, unpublished data; King County, 2015). This value is slightly below the 25th percentile of the distribution of wood volume for unmanaged western Washington streams less than 30 meters bankfull width (Fox and Bolton, 2007). The TC considers this value to reflect poor condition for wood, though more sites should be sampled to characterize the overall stream system with greater confidence. Issaquah Creek (Tier 1) Issaquah Creek is a potentially significant spawning area for Chinook salmon in WRIA 8. A fish passage facility installed at the Issaquah salmon hatchery water supply diversion dam in 2013 opened up 11 miles of Chinook salmon spawning and rearing habitat in the watershed, and reconnected the hypothesized extent of historical migratory habitat. The lower reaches of Issaquah Creek are heavily urbanized in Issaquah near the confluence with Lake Sammamish, though the bottom -most reaches flow through Lake Sammamish State Park. Farther upstream, rural/suburban, recreation, and forestry land uses predominate. Using a high -resolution (1 meter) land cover product (NOAA, 2017), the WRIA 8 TC estimated the 2015 forest cover within 200 feet of the Issaquah Creek channel centerline as 82 percent outside the UGA boundary and 60 percent inside the UGA (WRIA 8 TC, unpublished data). Impervious cover extent within the 200-foot area was estimated at 3 percent outside the UGA and 15 percent inside. Wood volume for 13 sites sampled annually in the Issaquah Creek basin (including Carey, Holder, and East Fork Issaquah creeks) between 2010 and 2013 averaged 30.7 m3/100 m (WRIA 8 TC, unpublished data; King County, 2015). This value is above the 25th percentile of the distribution of wood volume for unmanaged western Washington streams less than 30 meters bankfull width (Fox and Bolton, 2007). The TC considers this value to reflect overall fair condition for wood in the Issaquah Creek system, though the wood volume in much of the lower extent is low or very low. Little Bear Creek (Tier 2) Little Bear Creek is a tributary to the Sammamish River, joining the Sammamish River at Woodinville. Most of the upper reaches are rural/suburban. Spawning by Chinook salmon in Little Bear Creek is intermittent, though sockeye salmon regularly spawn in the lower reaches. Using a high -resolution (1 meter) land cover product (NOAA, 2017), the WRIA 8 TC estimated the 2015 forest cover within 200 feet of the Little Bear Creek channel centerline as 83 percent outside the UGA boundary and 44 percent inside the UGA (WRIA 8 TC, unpublished data). Impervious cover extent within the 200-foot area was estimated at 5 percent outside the UGA and 44 percent inside. Wood volume was sampled annually at two sites in Little Bear Creek between 2010 and 2013, and averaged 5.3 m3/100 m (WRIA 8 TC, unpublished data; King County, 2015). This value is significantly below the 25th percentile of the distribution of wood volume for unmanaged western Washington streams less than 30 meters bankfull width (Fox and Bolton, 2007). The TC considers this value to reflect very poor condition for wood in Little Bear Creek, though more sites should be sampled to characterize the overall stream system with greater confidence. North Creek (Tier 2) North Creek is a tributary to the Sammamish River, joining the Sammamish at Bothell. Spawning by Chinook salmon in North Creek is intermittent. The entire North Creek basin is inside the UGA. Using a high -resolution (1 meter) land cover product (NOAA, 2017), the WRIA 8 TC estimated the 2015 forest cover within 200 feet of the North Creek channel centerline as 70 percent (WRIA 8 TC, unpublished data; King County 2015). Impervious cover extent within the 200-foot area was estimated at 14 percent. Wood volume was sampled annually at four sites in the North Creek basin between 2010 and 2013, and averaged 22.7 m3/100 m (WRIA 8 TC, unpublished data; King County, 2015). This value is below the 25th percentile of the distribution of wood volume for unmanaged western Washington streams less than 30 meters bankfull width (Fox and Bolton, 2007). The TC considers this value to reflect overall poor condition for wood in North Creek, though more sites should be sampled to characterize the overall stream system with greater confidence. Kelsey Creek (Tier 2) Kelsey Creek is a tributary to Lake Washington, draining into Lake Washington through Bellevue. Spawning by Chinook salmon in Kelsey Creek is intermittent. The entire Kelsey Creek basin is inside the UGA. Using a high -resolution (1 meter) land cover product (NOAA, 2017), the WRIA 8 TC estimated the 2015 forest cover within 200 feet of the Kelsey Creek channel centerline at 56 percent (WRIA 8 TC, unpublished data). Impervious cover extent within the 200-foot area was estimated at 16 percent. Wood volume was sampled annually at four sites in the Kelsey Creek basin between 2010 and 2013, and averaged 18.3 m3/100 m (WRIA 8 TC, 0 N w a CL D a w Y 0 unpublished data; King County, 2015). This value is below the 25th percentile of the distribution of wood volume for unmanaged western Washington streams less than 30 meters bankfull width (Fox and Bolton, 2007). The TC considers this value to reflect overall very poor condition for wood in Kelsey Creek, though more sites should be sampled to characterize the overall stream system with greater confidence. Other Chinook Salmon Creeks in WRIA 8 (Tier 3) Regular Chinook salmon spawner surveys occur in May and Coal creeks, both tributaries to Lake Washington a few miles north of the Cedar River. Spawning by Chinook salmon in these creeks is intermittent. Other Tier 3 streams in WRIA 8 are not regularly surveyed for Chinook spawning. Forest cover within 200 feet of the Coal Creek channel centerline in 2015 was estimated at 100 percent outside the UGA and 84 percent inside (WRIA 8 TC, unpublished data; King County, 2015). Impervious cover extent within the 200-foot buffer was estimated at 0 percent outside the UGA, and 7 percent inside. For May Creek, the 2015 forest cover within 200 feet of the channel centerline was estimated at 48 percent outside the UGA and 81 percent inside (WRIA 8 TC, unpublished data; King County, 2015). Impervious cover extent within the 200-foot area was estimated at 5 percent outside the UGA and 8 percent inside. Wood volume was sampled at one site in the May Creek basin and two in the Coal Creek basin annually between 2010 and 2013. Wood volume averaged 64.0 m3/100 m at May Creek and 40.6 m3/100 m in Coal Creek (WRIA 8 TC, unpublished data; King County, 2015). The May Creek site exceeded the median and the Coal Creek sites averaged slightly below the median of the distribution of wood volume for unmanaged western Washington streams less than 30 meters bankfull width (Fox and Bolton, 2007). The TC considers these values to reflect overall fair condition for wood, though more sites should be sampled to characterize the overall stream systems with greater confidence. LAKE WASHINGTON AND LAKE SAMMAMISH SHORELINE (TIER 1) Lake shoreline habitats in both Lake Washington and Lake Sammamish are important for outmigrating and lake -rearing juvenile Chinook salmon. Juvenile salmon use shallow -water lake shoreline areas to escape predators and to feed as they enter the lakes as fry. Shoreline conditions were initially degraded by the lowering of Lake Washington during construction of the Ballard Locks, and impacts from urbanization and shoreline development have further degraded shoreline conditions. The majority of lake shorelines are in private residential ownership, with landscaped yards and bulkheads or other shoreline armoring. Earlier studies indicated that approximately 75 percent of Lake Washington's shoreline has a bulkhead or other form of shoreline armoring (Taft at al., 2003). These conditions have altered or eliminated much of the shallow -water habitat around the lake, reduced emergent and riparian vegetation, reduced the amount of large wood, and changed sediment dynamics. Using a high -resolution (1 meter) land cover product (NOAA 2017), the WRIA 8 TC estimated the 2015 forest cover within 200 feet of the shoreline as 38% (Lake Washington) and 36% (Lake Sammamish) (WRIA 8 TC, unpublished data). Impervious cover extent within the 200-foot area was estimated at 28% (Lake Washington) and 36% (Lake Sammamish). Recent information on bulkheads, docks, and lakeshore conditions is lacking, but necessary to track improvements or degradation. MARINE NEARSHORE The marine nearshore portion of WRIA 8 encompasses approximately 24 miles of shoreline, from West Point north to Elliot Point in Snohomish County. The nearshore is of primary importance forjuvenile salmon for rearing and migration as they make their way through Puget Sound to the ocean. In particular, areas where small coastal streams enter Puget Sound have been identified as important forjuvenile salmon rearing and refuge during migration (Beamer et al., 2013). With a few notable exceptions, recent status information is not available for the WRIA 8 marine nearshore. The BNSF railroad along most of the shoreline disconnects upland habitats from the nearshore and interrupts natural beach creation and erosion processes; this condition is not likely to change without engagement with and support from BNSF. For information on the status of marine shorelines prior to 2005, see the 2005 Plan and Kerwin (2001). PRESSURES ASSESSMENT During development of the 2017 Plan, the WRIA 8 TC assessed the primary human -induced impacts on Chinook salmon and their habitat through a systematic "pressures assessment" This exercise evaluated the various impacts —or pressures — faced by Chinook salmon during each of the life stages represented in the conceptual model. Since each life stage relies on specific habitat types at particular locations and at certain times of year, evaluating pressures on certain life stages takes into account location in the watershed, use of habitat, and the timing of that use. The pressures assessment used a regionally standardized list of pressures and rated each according to its scope, severity, and irreversibility at each life stage. The WRIA 8 TC used their knowledge of local conditions, local monitoring and scientific studies, and other studies from the scientific literature as the basis for their assessment. The pressures assessment process and results are further described in Appendix C. Priority pressures The most significant pressures in WRIA 8 are hypothesized to be land conversion, existing levees and revetments, shoreline armoring (marine nearshore, lakes and Ship Canal), altered peak flows, increased water temperatures, predation, and pressures associated with migration through the Ballard Locks. Many of these pressures are interconnected and one may exacerbate another (for example, increased water temperatures are likely to increase the efficiency of warm water predators such as bass in the Ship Canal). These seven most significant pressures are described below, based on the definitions of the Puget Sound Partnership and modified slightly to be most relevant to WRIA 8. The assessment considered climate change not as a separate pressure but through its exacerbating effects on the other pressures in the Lake Washington/Cedar/ Sammamish Watershed. The WRIA 8 TC has documented its rating of the full list of pressures that threaten the recovery of Chinook salmon in WRIA 8. These pressures are described in Appendix C. The impacts of these pressures in WRIA 8 are assumed based on studies and data from other watersheds, but these pressures are well known in general (WDFW, 2009). The specific empirical data associated with these pressures is not included in this document. Land conversion. Land conversion is the conversion of land from natural cover to one dominated by residential, commercial, and/ or industrial development or one dominated by agriculture. Land conversion reduces the extent and quality of habitat. Related pressures such as pollution, shoreline hardening, and other cascading effects of land conversion are assessed separately. Note that conversion is often a step -wise process. Some areas of WRIA 8 have converted from natural cover to agriculture, while others have then converted from agriculture to urban or suburban development. Compared to other Puget Sound watersheds, development pressure and the rate of urbanization have been and continue to be very high in WRIA 8. This pressure includes the legacy effects of past conversion and ongoing degradation from continued development. Levees and revetments.3 Levees and revetments are structures, often originally intended for flood control, that block or restrict movement of water, sediment, or debris flow in the river or stream channel and consequently change sediment and debris delivery. These structures may also be barriers to movement of species. The structures built along the Cedar and Sammamish rivers in WRIA 8 block habitat connectivity within the floodplain, prevent inundation of off -channel habitat, and keep fish from accessing what refuge habitat might remain behind the levees. Relative to the Sammamish River system, the Cedar River system has more opportunity for setting back levees and re-creating habitat with some additional constraints to consider, such as flood protection, trails, and regional fiber-optic lines located underneath the Cedar River Trail along much of its length. Shoreline armoring. Shoreline armoring changes shoreline features in a manner that reduces habitat extent and/or disrupts shoreline processes. The primary source of this impact is the construction of shoreline infrastructure, often as part of land conversion activities, that produces a hard linear surface along the beach or streambank intended to reduce erosion. In WRIA 8, natural shallow shoreline and creek mouths in Lake Washington and Lake Sammamish have been changed by shoreline hardening. In addition, the BNSF track running along most of the WRIA 8 marine shoreline is armored, disconnecting backshore areas and pocket estuaries from Puget Sound, while also disrupting the natural supply of beach sediment from eroding bluffs. In most cases, shoreline armoring also eliminates vegetated cover and thus exacerbates other pressures on Chinook salmon (e.g., water temperature and predation), and interferes with food web processes. Altered flows. Altered flows into and within surface waters are caused by changes in land cover, the associated surface hardening (impervious surfaces), and changes in precipitation volume and timing due to climate change, as well as associated impacts such as changes in sediment and debris delivery. Heavy rains and high flows can cause scouring and high water velocities that can push salmon out of the habitat they need for rearing and spawning. Altered low flows, often caused when impervious surfaces prevent infiltration and groundwater recharge, can be exacerbated by climate change and water withdrawals. Peak flows can be challenging to salmon in fall and winter, while low flows are most often problematic in summer and early fall. Increased water temperatures. A specific water quality issue, high temperatures are linked to and can exacerbate many other pressures in WRIA 8. Increased water temperatures in WRIA 8 are caused by land conversion, altered flows, a lack of riparian cover and groundwater connections, infrastructure (e.g., Ballard Locks) and inadequate estuarine mixing, and climate change. Water temperatures are of greatest concern in the Ship Canal and Sammamish River, but can also be problematic in all streams. Increased predation by native and non-native species. Increased predation results from the increase or spread of native and non-native fish and other wildlife. Predation on juvenile Chinook salmon is almost certainly a key pressure that affects their recovery in WRIA 8. Predatory fish documented in the Ship Canal include smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, rock bass, yellow perch, and northern pikeminnow (Tabor et al., 2004, 2007, 2010; WDFW/King County unpublished data). More recent studies have investigated the 3 Levees are raised embankments built parallel to rivers and are intended to contain or direct flood flows, sometimes allowing water surface elevations in the river or stream to exceed the elevation of the surrounding floodplain. Revetments are not designed to contain floodwaters but rather serve the purpose of preventing bank erosion or lateral channel migration (King County, 2006). impact of predation from resident cutthroat and rainbow trout (O. mykiss) from 2006 to 2010 in the Cedar River below the Landsburg Diversion Dam (Taboret al. 2014). Issues such as artificial night- time lighting, shoreline hardening and overwater structures, and increased water temperatures exacerbate the effects of predation on Chinook salmon in WRIA 8. Impacts to fish passage and survival at the Chittenden (Ballard) Locks. The Ballard Locks is one of the most significant single structures affecting Chinook salmon recovery in WRIA 8. The creation of the Ship Canal and the Ballard Locks in 1916 forever changed the hydrology and function of the watershed by shifting outflow of water from its historic exit in south Lake Washington through the Black River to its present-day configuration through the Montlake Cut, Salmon Bay, and into Shilshole Bay (Chrzastowski,1981). All WRIA 8 anadromous fish populations must move through the Ballard Locks as they migrate out of and into the watershed. Chinook salmon experience physical trauma, stress and mortality at the Ballard Locks due to elevated water temperatures, decreased dissolved oxygen, and the physical barrier presented by the structure (NMFS, 2008). CLIMATE VARIABILITY, CLIMATE CHANGE, AND IMPACTS TO SALMON In the years since the adoption of the 2005 Plan, our understanding of the effects of a changing climate on Chinook salmon and salmon habitat, and restoration techniques to mitigate those effects, has grown substantially. Research from the Northwest and elsewhere suggests we can and must plan for and adapt to changing watershed conditions and incorporate the concept of resilience into salmon recovery actions. Intact ecosystems are inherently more resilient systems. Stream corridors with intact riparian zones and floodplains help dissipate destructive flood waters and shade streams from direct sunlight. Stormwater that is allowed to infiltrate into the ground is slowed, cleansed, and cooled before it reaches our streams and lakes. Wood in stream channels can create pools of deeper, cooler water and cover for fish to hide from predators, and can help to lessen the force of floods. Salmon habitat restoration and protection strategies focused on reconnecting floodplains and restoring stream corridors, lake shores, and marine shorelines make our ecosystems and communities more resilient to a changing climate. The present and anticipated effects of climate change emphasize the need to increase the pace of salmon habitat protection and restoration. NATURAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE The Northwest climate naturally varies seasonally, as well as annually, between cool and hot, wet and dry. Year to year variability is generally associated with the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) which affects ocean currents and temperature as well as global precipitation and air temperature. Longer term decadal patterns are often described by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, a pattern defined by variations in sea surface temperatures in the North Pacific Ocean. r` 0 N LU 0 a w 0 n 0 N Notwithstanding the natural variability around climate patterns in the Northwest, the Puget Sound region is already experiencing some of the effects of a changing climate. Records show that all but six of the years from 1980-2014 were above the 20th century average temperature (Mauger et al., 2015). The waters of the North Pacific Ocean and Puget Sound are becoming more acidic as a consequence of increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Recent years have seen record average summer air temperatures; by mid-century, annual average air temperatures are projected to rise between 4.2 and 5.9 degrees Fahrenheit (F), exacerbating surface water warming. Computer models predict a decline in summer precipitation as well as increases during fall, winter and spring. The region's snowpack is expected to decrease as winters get warmer and wetter. Winter rainstorms are projected to become more intense, which can lead to increased flooding and erosion. Ikilo] C719smiky olKNIR 1/( AI2 PROJECTIONS AND EFFECTS ON WRIA 8 CHINOOK SALMON Salmon in WRIA 8 are projected to face threats related to changes in the timing and intensity of precipitation, increasing air and water temperatures, a reduction in snowpack at low and middle elevations, sea level rise, and ocean acidification. The effects can be grouped into the categories of temperature and precipitation, altered hydrologic patterns, stormwater, sea level rise, and ocean acidification. Temperature and precipitation Average annual air temperature for the Puget Sound region has increased by about 1.3 degrees F from 1895 to 2014, while average nighttime air temperatures have increased by 1.8 degrees F. The frost -free season has lengthened by 30 days from 1920 to 2014 (Mauger et al., 2015). Water temperatures will be especially affected by this warming during increasing periods of summer low flows, when they are highly influenced by air temperature. Warmer temperatures will accelerate snow melt during spring and early summer and decrease snow accumulation in winter. While a rising temperature trend is evident in the long- term record, there is no current evidence of a corresponding trend in annual precipitation (Mauger et al., 2015); however, the timing and intensity of precipitation events will likely change. Most scenarios of future climate change project a decline in summer precipitation and increases in winter precipitation extremes (e.g., "atmospheric river" events). While average annual precipitation may be relatively constant, the timing and intensity of events will change. Increasing temperatures will affect all life stages of Chinook salmon in WRIA 8, though they are likely to have the most impact on migrating adults and juveniles, especially in the Ship Canal and Sammamish River. Water temperatures above about 77 degrees F can kill Chinook (Richter and Kolmes, 2005), though Chinook salmon appear to be able to withstand higher temperatures for short periods. At about 70 degrees F, adult migration can be blocked. When salmon hold and migrate at temperatures above around 63 degrees F, there is an increase in sublethal effects such as egg abnormalities, or increased susceptibility to parasites or disease (Richter and Kolmes, 2005). Juvenile outmigration behavior also changes when temperatures warm in spring, with juveniles avoiding the warmer surface waters in the Ship Canal as water temperature approaches 68 degrees F (DeVries and Shelly, 2017). Additionally, warm -water predators such as bass become more active as temperatures rise, and are known to consume Chinook salmon in the Ship Canal during spring outmigration (WDFW and King County, unpublished data). Adult Chinook returning in the late summer and fall tend to congregate in areas of cooler water until environmental cues trigger upstream migration. Temperature mitigation strategies will likely involve efforts to create cooler -water refuges in the Ship Canal and Sammamish River during adult migration periods. Mitigation strategies for juveniles are also yet to be developed. Current concepts being discussed by the TC involve potential management of warm -water predators at key areas (e.g., in the Ship Canal). The timing of the spring plankton bloom may also be affected by warming lake temperatures. Plankton support the aquatic food web and a shift in timing may alter predator -prey dynamics and food sources for salmon species (Mauger et al., 2015). In the marine environment, changing temperature patterns are likely to affect coastal upwelling and ocean currents, with changes to the composition, abundance, and distribution of marine plankton communities, the basis of the ocean food web. Since salmon spend the majority of their lives in the ocean, these changes will affect overall salmon migration and survival patterns in ways that are as -yet insufficiently studied. Changing precipitation regimes in WRIA 8 are likely to exacerbate temperature problems during summer and late fall if the timing of fall rains is delayed. Altered hydrologic patterns The changing intensity and timing of precipitation events will affect stream flow throughout WRIA 8. More winter precipitation will fall as rain rather than snow, resulting in less winter snow accumulation, higher winter stream flows, increased scour, earlier snowmelt, and lower summer stream flows. Atmospheric river' storm events may result in more damaging floods that destroy salmon habitat, scour redds, and displace juveniles downstream. Mitigating the challenges associated with altered hydrologic patterns involves floodplain reconnection and levee setbacks, and other actions that protect and restore connectivity of the stream system, restoring summer stream flow regimes (e.g., through purchase of water rights or other water conservation measures), reducing erosion and sediment delivery problems (e.g., through restoration of stream channel complexity and other stormwater control measures), restoring riparian functions (e.g., shading, root reinforcement of banks, natural large wood recruitment, trapping sediment etc.), and instream rehabilitation measures (e.g., channel reconstruction, wood installation, gravel additions) (Beechie et al., 2012). Stormwater Polluted stormwater runoff is known to be a serious issue for salmon in the Puget Sound region. It is currently considered the top source of pollutants to the Sound. With predicted increases in heavy rainfall events in fall and winter, stormwater runoff will increase pollutant discharge into rivers and streams and, ultimately, Puget Sound. Pesticides, heavy metals, bacteria, motor oils and other pollutants already contribute significantly to stormwater pollution in our region. Stormwater can affect the watershed by washing toxics into streams, and adding nutrients that increase algal blooms and decrease oxygen levels. A key impact of increased stormwater runoff on Chinook salmon is the associated increase in the "flashiness" of the hydrograph, meaning higher, more sudden peak flows during storms. These flows can scour stream beds and banks, flushing out habitat -forming debris and organic matter important to macroinvertebrate communities and small fish. Concentrations of toxic pollutants in stormwater have been shown to cause mutations in salmon embryos and rearing juvenile salmon, though effects on Chinook salmon in WRIA 8 have not been directly observed (Meador et al., 2006). Current research studying the effects of toxic pollutants in stormwater on Chinook salmon survival should help improve the understanding of how great an impact this aspect of stormwater has on juvenile and adult Chinook survival. r, 0 N w Q 0 a w 0 Actions to mitigate the effects of stormwater on salmon include retrofits to areas and facilities developed prior to regulatory requirements; application of low impact development techniques like green stormwater infrastructure; streamside plantings; improved tracking, control and elimination of pollutant sources; and other efforts to restore a natural hydrograph, recharge groundwater, lower stream temperatures, and treat, filter or otherwise eliminate bacteria and other pollutants. Many older developed areas lack adequate stormwater controls. Treating and retaining stormwater at its source before it runs off into streams and rivers may reduce fish exposure to chemicals and stressful hydrologic and water quality conditions. Sea level rise The melting of mountain glaciers and ice sheets at both poles, in addition to thermal expansion of the oceans, will continue to result in rising sea levels. Higher sea levels contribute to destructive storm surges and coastal flooding. Low-lying coastal areas will be inundated, and coastal wetlands will become increasingly brackish; coastal communities and shallow nearshore areas, which are rearing areas for young salmon, will expand or contract depending on existing shoreline armoring and future efforts to accommodate or prevent intrusion. In WRIA 8, shoreline armoring is nearly continuous because of the BNSF rail corridor along the coast. This will likely result in a decrease in already limited marine nearshore rearing habitat. Rising sea levels may also affect operation of the Ballard Locks, which could negatively impact fish passage, as well as water quality conditions in the Ship Canal. Ocean acidification As oceans absorb excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, ocean water will become more acidic. Ocean acidification makes it more difficult for many marine organisms to create shells and skeletons, which could disrupt food resources for salmon and other fish. Studies are limited, but modeling of the Puget Sound food web suggests that alternative sources of food that are not directly affected by acidification may be available for salmon. More research is needed on this issue. 33 KEY ACTIONS TO FOSTER CLIMATE RESILIENCE IN WRIA S Changing climate conditions affect many aspects of salmon recovery and underscore the importance of improving ecosystem resiliency. Below are several key actions to improve ecosystem resiliency and address current and anticipated effects of a changing climate, which are consistent with WRIA 8 salmon recovery strategies and recommended implementation actions discussed in Sections 4 and 5. • Work toward resilience by encouraging and restoring natural processes that may moderate expected changes (e.g., floodplain reconnection and restoring natural shorelines). • Identify how habitat boundaries, such as floodplains, are changing. Limit armoring shorelines where feasible by protecting and restoring shoreline properties. Protect habitat outside current habitat boundaries if evidence exists that habitat boundaries will change. Protect or acquire land that will be inundated by increased flooding and sea level rise. • Study potential engineered solutions in high -priority, heavily modified areas like the Ship Canal and Sammamish River (e.g., hypolimnetic withdrawal in Lake Washington and/or Lake Sammamish, or chillers to create localized thermal refugia). • Identify, protect and enhance processes and habitats, such as stream headwaters areas, that provide cool water. Protect and replant forests and riparian buffers, and locate groundwater sources and seeps and protect natural processes that create critical habitats like wetlands, tidal flats, marshes and estuaries; this will help ensure that water can be stored, recharged, and delivered at a moderated pace and temperature. Monitor land cover change and promote actions to minimize impacts to hydrology. • Protect and restore tributary streams, which are often cooler than mainstem rivers and can provide salmon with cold water refugia. • Reconnect floodplains (e.g., remove/set back levees and revetments), including oxbows and side channels, to restore areas that provide flood storage and slow water during flood events. Priority should be placed on areas above, below and adjacent to spawning grounds to counter the increased risk of higher flows scouring spawning areas, as well as to provide rearing and refuge habitat during floods. • Remove and fix fish passage barriers such as culverts to ensure fish access to tributaries. • Continue to work with Seattle Public Utilities to manage the Chester Morse Reservoir to ameliorate hydrologic impacts, such as low summer flows, in the Cedar River. • Plant and protect forests in the basin. Work with forestry managers and researchers to investigate longer stand rotations and selective logging to improve basin hydrology. Studies have shown that young tree stands (<100 years) actually decrease summer baseflows due to the water demands of younger trees. • Study and prioritize areas that need stormwater retrofits, LID, and green stormwater infrastructure projects, and accelerate those actions in areas important to salmon. 4. STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE 0 N OUR GOALS aA strategy is a group of actions designed to achieve a goal. As a a set, the 20 strategies described in this section serve as the primary D salmon recovery approach in WRIA 8 and are intended to address a the highest priority stresses on Chinook salmon and support the key Chinook salmon life stages. The strategies were developed by 0 examining the initial strategies from the 2005 Plan and additional knowledge gained since 2005, including the key life stages M identified by the conceptual model of WRIA 8 Chinook salmon, a the current pressures affecting Chinook salmon survival, and new ° scientific information. WRIA 8 partners were engaged throughout Z this effort, beginning with a recovery strategies workshop and followed by numerous discussions with the WRIA 8 TC and WRIA 8 Implementation Committee (IC). A set of clear strategies based on the most recent and applicable science is important for effectively guiding salmon recovery actions in the watershed given limited resources. A full description of each strategy, including a description of its importance, the negative impact (or pressure) it reduces, the benefit or improvement sought, the Chinook salmon lifecycle stage affected, the location in the watershed where implementation is most relevant, and the specific actions needed for implementation, is found in Appendix E. Lists of site -specific projects and land use and education and outreach actions that implement each strategy can be found in Appendix F, Appendix H, and Appendix I, respectively. To the right are the 20 WRIA 8 Chinook salmon recovery strategies, followed by a brief description of each strategy. The first eight strategies (in bold font) were identified by the WRIA 8 TC as the most important for reducing critical pressures on the highest priority Chinook salmon life stages. PROTECT AND RESTORE 0 FLOODPLAIN CONNECTIVITY Floodplains provide crucial habitat for — juvenile salmon to rear and find refuge from F floods and predators. Connected floodplains and o associated riparian and instream habitat provide sources of large wood that slow fast-moving a water and create channel complexity through w braiding and formation of side channels, backwater o channels, and off -channel wetlands. In addition, floodplain reconnection improves the connection between surface water and groundwater, and this a connectivity provides a source of cooler water o and reduces the impacts of increased water temperature from other factors. This strategy will v help decrease the negative impacts of nearby land o use, levees and revetments, problematic peak and U low flows, and increased sediment and pollutant ° E loads. It will also promote resilience to effects of N climate change. Monitoring data suggest that —for o the Cedar River especially —rearing capacity is c a greater limitation than spawning capacity, and �j restoring floodplain connectivity is the best way to F address this limitation. Reconnecting floodplains g often provides additional benefits, such as reducing 3 flood risk, improving recreational opportunities, and y improving water quality. iv PROTECT AND RESTORE FUNCTIONAL RIPARIAN IN VEGETATION M Protecting and restoring riparian trees is important E throughout the watershed and offers direct and `m indirect benefits to Chinook salmon via food web inputs, water quality protection (including reducing U thermal, pollutant, and fine sediment inputs), and as a source of large wood for recruitment. This rn 5 strategy mitigates some of the impacts of land � conversion and urbanization, shoreline armoring, 3 invasive plant infestations, polluted stormwater w � runoff and increased water temperature from J climate change. In Tier 2 areas, this strategy is particularly important to prevent,loss of spawning or rearing habitat, ultimately protecting the spatial diversity of Chinook salmon in the watershed. By trapping sediment and filtering pollutants, functional riparian buffers also reduce the impacts of nonpoint-source pollution. ®PROTECT AND RESTORE CHANNEL COMPLEXITY Complex stream channels provide a range of habitats necessary for Chinook salmon spawning, rearing, and survival. They provide pools and eddies where salmon can rest, feed, and find refuge from predators and floods. Adding large wood can improve natural processes for maintaining or creating pools and riffles and sorting sediment and gravels, all of which create the complex habitat that salmon require. Increased wood loading will improve habitat complexity in nearly all areas of stream habitat within WRIA 8. Restoring channel complexity lessens the impacts of shoreline hardening, altered peak flows due to impervious surfaces, and increased water temperature. ®RESTORE SHALLOW -WATER REARING AND REFUGE HABITAT Gently sloping sandy beaches maximize shallow -water habitat for lake -rearing juveniles outmigrating to Puget Sound, and can help provide refuge from native and non-native predators. Bulkheads or other shoreline hardening and nighttime lighting affect juvenile behavior in ways that may increase their susceptibility to predation. The effects of these changes can be mitigated in key areas through soft shoreline techniques and lighting modifications. Shallow -water rearing and refuge habitats are particularly critical in Lake Washington south of 190 as lake -rearing juveniles enter from the Cedar River to rear in and migrate through the lake, as well as the south end of Lake Sammamish where juveniles enter from Issaquah Creek. Improved shorelines throughout the migration corridor would improve refuge from predation and provide terrestrial insects for food. ®RECONNECT AND ENHANCE CREEK MOUTHS The area where a creek enters a river or lake provides habitat forjuvenile rearing and refuge from predators as juveniles migrate to marine waters. Daylighting or restoring creeks, reducing their gradient to make them available tojuvenile salmon, and removing armoring near creek mouths should restore their ecological function and reduce the impact of land cover conversion for residential, commercial, or industrial use, as well as the effects of predation. All creek mouths are important, but efforts should prioritize those in the south end of Lake Washington for rearing and migration to increase survival of Cedar River juveniles. This includes enhancing the associated creek delta habitat. IPROTECT AND RESTORE COLD -WATER SOURCES AND REDUCE THERMAL BARRIERS TO MIGRATION Areas of water warmer than about 65 degrees F can delay migration, diminish spawning success, and contribute to pre -spawn mortality. While other strategies help protect and restore cold water sources (e.g., floodplain reconnection, riparian cover and forest retention throughout the watershed), this strategy focuses specifically on key areas known to be migratory bottlenecks (e.g., Ship Canal and Sammamish River), or where problems could develop for other life stages through climate change impacts. However, high water temperatures may indirectly exacerbate other stresses to Chinook salmon (e.g., disease) as they migrate or rear, ultimately affecting their survival and/or ability to reproduce. This emerging issue will be tracked and adaptively managed, particularly as it affects key life stages. Cold -water sources will become more important throughout the watershed for all life stages, notjust migration, as water temperatures increase. IMPROVE JUVENILE AND ADULT SURVIVAL AT THE BALLARD LOCKS The primary fish passage barrier in the watershed is the Ballard Locks, which affects salmon survival and the timing of adult and juvenile passage into and out of the watershed. As a legacy land use impact that forever changed the hydrology of the watershed, the pressure exerted by the Ballard Locks can be mitigated but not removed. Measures to improve fish passage conditions and survival through the Ballard Locks are of paramount importance. This strategy focuses on USACE funding and implementing critical facility upgrades to ensure effective fish passage and continued safe facility operation. REDUCE PREDATION OF JUVENILE MIGRANTS AND Predation of juvenile Chinook salmon by native and non-native species is a long -suspected issue affecting juvenile survival in the freshwater system, especially in Lake Washington, Lake Sammamish, and the Ship Canal. The magnitude of the problem is not well quantified, and ongoing research is attempting to clarify the relative impact of predation on freshwater juvenile survival in WRIA 8. Additionally, emerging research suggests that artificial nighttime lighting may alterjuvenile fish behavior in a way that makes them more susceptible to predators and increases the length of time predators actively feed. With improved juvenile survival, greater numbers of adults are likely to return, boosting the odds for recovering a self-sustaining Chinook salmon population. ©REMOVE OR REDUCE IMPACT ' OF OVERWATER STRUCTURES Removing or reducing the impact of overwater structures works to alleviate the pressure of residential and commercial land use along the lakeshores and migration corridors. This strategy reduces the effects of docks, piers, pilings, and other overwater structures that make juveniles more susceptible to predation, since docks can provide cover for predators and/or juveniles will avoid overwater structures and move to deeper water where they are more susceptible to predators. The primary purpose of this strategy is to improve juvenile survival during lake rearing and outmigration. REMOVE FISH PASSAGE HARRIERS Ensuring that Chinook salmon can access a range of habitat types is important for all life stages, but fish passage is not a primary limiting factor in WRIA 8 for many life stages of Chinook, especially since the two largest passage barriers that existed at the time of the ESA listing —the Landsburg Diversion Dam and the Issaquah Hatchery Intake Dam —have been addressed. Providing juvenile Chinook salmon with access to more area for rearing, especially in small channels where many fish passage barriers still exist, is important. Also, ensuring juveniles have access to available cooler water habitat can mitigate the effects of increased water temperatures. Removing barriers to fish passage in Tier 2 areas is important to maintain the potential for spatial diversity. As development continues and new roads are built, creek crossings should be minimized to prevent future barriers, and new crossings should use bridges or culverts designed to accommodate fish passage. r, " 9PROTECT AND RESTORE FOREST COVER AND Retaining forest cover and functional upland habitat in areas throughout the watershed is important for water quantity and quality, particularly to address changes in winter peak flows, summer low flows, and water temperatures as climate change progresses. This strategy reduces the impacts of land conversion, pollutant- and sediment -filled runoff, and changes in water flow and temperature. Since implementation of the 2005 Plan, many of the opportunities to purchase or protect headwater areas have been acted on or otherwise addressed. Remaining opportunities are limited but exist along the middle and upper reaches of Bear/Cottage Lake, Issaquah, Little Bear, and North creeks. Incentivizing and regulating retention of forest cover and reforestation on private lands, as well as reducing impervious cover through low impact development (LID) practices, are likely to be effective in indirectly benefiting all life stages of WRIA 8 Chinook salmon populations. PROVIDE ADEQUATE STREAMFLOW Adequate streamflow is important to provide habitat during critical rearing and migration stages. This strategy, intended to address the impacts of both high and low flows, would reduce the impacts of land conversion, water withdrawals, increasing water temperatures, scouring events, and fish passage barriers. Reducing illegal withdrawals and protecting or enhancing flows are important actions throughout WRIA 8, especially in the Sammamish River basin and its tributaries, and may become more important in the future, as climate changes. RESTORE SEDIMENT PROCESSES NECESSARY FOR KEY LIFE STAGES This strategy addresses two issues — excessive fine-grained sediments and insufficient spawning gravel. An excess of fine sediment is a concern during incubation, when redds/eggs can be smothered by fine particles. This issue is most prevalent along Bear Creek/Cottage Lake Creek, Issaquah Creek, and in all Tier 2 streams. Beneficial gravels for spawning can be lacking where natural sediment recruitment processes are interrupted, such as where levees disconnect the river from the floodplain on the Cedar River or confluence areas on other streams are modified. This strategy reduces the impacts of land conversion, shoreline hardening, and impervious surface runoff. RESTORE NATURAL MARINE SHORELINES Preventing and removing bulkheads and armoring along the marine shoreline will allow for a more natural shoreline with increased overhanging vegetation, connected drift cells and pocket estuaries, and increased extent of eelgrass beds and forage fish spawning habitat. These features will improve the marine food web function and increase success of juvenile Chinook salmon rearing and migrating. The BNSF railway runs along most of the WRIA 8 marine shoreline, severely limiting restoration opportunities. However, any shoreline enhancement or restoration will offer regional salmon recovery benefits, as Chinook salmon from other watersheds also rear in or migrate through the WRIA 8 nearshore. Opportunities exist to enhance the habitat in front of the BNSF railway through beach nourishment, as well as behind or above BNSF through riparian restoration. Identifying and restoring shoreline sediment processes are also important to support habitat for primary Chinook prey species, such as sand lance and smelt. RECONNECT BACKSHORE AREAS AND POCKET ESTUARIES Many backshore areas and pocket estuaries have been disconnected from Puget Sound, resulting in a lack of tidal inundation and reducing or preventing access by migrating adult and juvenile salmon. Along the nearshore, creek mouths provide important rearing habitat, and recent research suggests these areas are important to the overall life history of Puget Sound salmon. Much of the WRIA 8 shoreline is disconnected from the Sound by armoring from the railroad prism, but juvenile salmon need viable rearing and refuge locations along the shoreline wherever possible. This strategy will mitigate the effects of the railroad, perched culverts, and shoreline hardening in commercial and residential areas. ®PROTECT AND RESTORE MARINE WATER AND SEDIMENT QUALITY Improving marine water and sediment quality where possible and capping contaminated sediment in the nearshore, especially near commercial and industrial areas, may improve early marine survival directly or indirectly. Additional research is needed to better understand how impaired marine water and sediment affect Chinook salmon early marine survival and the food web. WRIA 8 will track and adaptively manage this emerging issue. The strategy will mitigate the legacy and current impacts of land conversion and of point and nonpoint source pollution. IMPROVE WATER QUALITY "Water quality" is multi -faceted and intersects with salmon recovery in many ways. The purpose of this strategy is to support water quality improvements beyond water quality permit requirements through encouraging individuals and jurisdictions to participate in voluntary and incentive -based programs. Improvements should target reductions in polluted runoff from impervious surfaces, nonpoint source pollution, fine sediment inputs, and altered flows. This strategy is primarily implemented through education and outreach programs. Several water quality elements are also addressed by other strategies in this section (local and regional planning, regulations, and permitting; protect and restore cold water sources and reduce thermal barriers to migration; protect and restore functional riparian vegetation; and, protect and restore forest cover and headwater areas). New regional research is underway to identify possible impacts of polluted stormwater runoff on Chinook salmon, and any findings will be adaptively managed at the local level and in implementation of the 2017 Plan. INTEGRATE SALMON RECOVERY PRIORITIES INTO LOCAL AND REGIONAL PLANNING, REGULATIONS, AND PERMITTING Local jurisdictions, state agencies, and federal agencies should consult the WRIA 8 Plan for the best available science on incorporating Chinook salmon requirements into required planning for shorelines, land use, water quality, and project permitting. The 2005 Plan and this update are built on the assumption that regulations are protective and supportive of sustaining salmon in the watershed; the other strategies articulated in the plan provide additional ecological efforts necessary for recovery. While WRIA 8 staff will not track these actions specifically, or likely fund capital projects through the process, this strategy is foundational to the success of others. a CONTINUE EXISTING AND oCONDUCT NEW RESEARCH, MONITORING, AND ADAPTIVE a MANAGEMENT ON KEY ISSUES aSpecific research and monitoring are necessary to ensure that the latest science informs w implementation of recovery strategies and actions o The MAP (Appendix A) details the indicators that should be tracked to support a complete adaptive management cycle. This strategy a highlights research and monitoring needed to o further develop or refine strategies or address data gaps on specific issues critical for recovery. w These include emerging issues such as impacts on osalmon survival from predation, artificial light, and U climate change. WRIA 8 relies on regional research Efor issues related to stormwater impacts and early m marine survival, such as the Salish Sea Marine Survival Project. INCREASE AWARENESS OF AND SUPPORT FOR SALMON RECOVERY While most strategies include specific outreach/ education actions to support their implementation, this strategy is entirely focused on the importance of raising awareness of and broadening support for salmon recovery in general. The intent of this strategy is to ensure watershed -wide awareness of salmon, agreement on the ecological, cultural, recreational and economic importance of salmon in the watershed, and an understanding of the individual actions that can support salmon recovery. With a growing human population in the watershed and many new residents who may be unfamiliar with Chinook salmon, this strategy is critical to meeting specific habitat and Chinook salmon population goals articulated in this plan. 5. IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK 0 The 2017 Plan will be implemented through numerous comprehensive LU actions, developed through a collaborative process involving o local stakeholders, jurisdiction staff, environmental and business 7) representatives, and project experts. The 2017 Plan's actions are a grouped into three categories: y • Site -specific habitat protection and restoration projects, which seek 0 to protect a specific area through acquisition or easements, or restore habitat with projects such as levee setbacks, revegetation, a addition of large wood, and removal of barriers to fish passage. o • Land use actions, which focus on accommodating future growth while minimizing impacts to salmon habitat. Recommended actions y address planning, regulations, best management practices (BMPs), o and incentive programs. U • Public education and outreach actions, which support land use and 0 B site -specific actions and/or encourage behavior that helps salmon — through, for example, workshops for shoreline landowners, general o awareness campaigns, community stewardship, and promoting r BMPs and incentive programs. ip SITE -SPECIFIC PROJECTS a The 2005 Plan offered a comprehensive approach for salmon habitat protection and restoration in the watershed through an extensive list of protection and restoration projects. The original project list contains actions focused on protecting intact habitat and natural processes that support salmon, restoring degraded habitat to create conditions more suitable for salmon, and acquiring land to facilitate future restoration projects. This suite of habitat projects represents the actions thought to be needed to effect change in WRIA 8 salmon populations. As part of the 2017 Plan, WRIA 8 partners and staff revisited the 2005 project list to ensure the list is up to date and addresses the current thinking about recovery needs in the watershed. This involved convening groups of partners by geographic area to evaluate the 2005 project list. Partners provided input to update and refine existing projects and project descriptions and offered new project concepts that align with the suite of updated WRIA 8 recovery strategies. In many cases, the 2005 project list lacked specificity, and an emphasis of the 2017 Plan is to focus the project list on specific actions in specific areas. This resulted in removing many vague project references from the 2005 project list, yet where these concepts remain important priorities for implementation, they are carried forward in the 2017 Plan update as recovery strategies. The 2005 Plan identified a "Start List" of projects envisioned as the focus of the first 10 years of plan implementation. In the absence of quantified habitat goals, the Start List was developed in part to measure and track implementation progress. Now that habitat goals exist— which are a more effective mechanism for measuring progress than the number of projects implemented — the Start List concept has not been carried forward in the 2017 Plan. In the 2005 Plan and again in the 2017 Plan, implementation of habitat protection and restoration projects is a voluntary activity. This is an important consideration, especially for local jurisdictions that have other capital priorities for their limited public resources. Looking forward, WRIA 8 encourages jurisdictions to explore multi -benefit approaches to capital project implementation, whereby habitat restoration is incorporated into stormwater, drainage, parks, and other related capital projects and programs. Grant funders are increasingly recognizing the value of multi -benefit approaches to project implementation, which in turn offers an opportunity to leverage local investments. Additionally, given that grant resources continue to be insufficient to achieve recovery objectives, WRIA 8 Salmon Recovery Council members from partner jurisdictions are encouraged to prioritize habitat protection and restoration in local budgets to the extent practical to accelerate the pace of implementation and move toward the recovery goals outlined in this plan. Please see Appendix F for the full list of WRIA 8 projects. Role of mitigation in salmon recovery The premise of the WRIA 8 Plan's identified habitat protection and restoration projects and programmatic actions is to prevent further decline of Chinook habitat and restore degraded habitat in order to make significant net improvements in habitat to address limiting factors and support recovery. It is clear that simply maintaining status quo habitat conditions will not restore sustainable, harvestable levels of Chinook. Land use changes and associated impacts will continue as the region's population grows, especially within urban growth areas designated under the Growth Management Act, further reducing and degrading habitat throughout the watershed. It is important to understand how efforts to address the negative impacts of development affect WRIA 8 Chinook salmon habitat protection and restoration. What is mitigation? Development projects require permits at local, state, and/or federal levels, which identify potential impacts to protected environmental features — such as wetlands —and species —such as Chinook salmon. In large measure, the regulatory and permit process requires avoiding and minimizing potential impacts as much as possible. When development activities will create unavoidable environmental impacts but are allowable under the existing regulatory framework, project sponsors are required by regulators to take a defined action or set of actions to offset or mitigate the impact. How mitigation works Mitigation projects can occur on -site (at or near the development project) or off -site. On -site mitigation is generally preferable when it is ecologically feasible and likely to succeed long-term. However, if mitigation on or adjacent to the development site is impractical or will not result in meaningful and sustainable ecological benefits, off -site mitigation becomes an option under state and federal rules. One increasingly common option for off -site mitigation includes purchasing mitigation credits from a certified mitigation bank or in - lieu fee mitigation program (e.g., King County's Mitigation Reserves Program). Mitigation banks are constructed and certified before impact, and project proponents purchase credits in the bank to mitigate for unavoidable impacts. In -lieu fee mitigation programs first collect impact fees from development projects and then use those fees to identify and implement mitigation projects within an associated service area. Both mitigation banks and in -lieu fee programs undergo significant state and federal scrutiny during their initial establishment and through ongoing oversight. Mitigation projects only earn credit when success is proven, and mitigation sites are monitored and maintained in perpetuity with funding set aside to ensure projects are completed successfully. As a result, these off -site, and in some cases out -of -kind, mitigation options are proving increasingly effective in improving ecological functions in areas of a watershed that have been prioritized for restoration. Mitigation and salmon recovery With the establishment of mitigation banks and programs such as King County's Mitigation Reserves Program, mitigation funds have become part of the fabric of funding sources that can support implementation of habitat restoration projects. This is especially true in highly urbanized watersheds, where large development or transportation projects can create significant mitigation needs. In some cases, mitigation funding may be capable of implementing all or portions of a project identified on the WRIA 8 project list. The use of mitigation funds to implement habitat enhancement projects can improve ecological functions in some areas sooner than may otherwise be possible by simply relying on grant - funded restoration or limited local funds. At the same time, it is important to recognize that mitigation projects do not represent net improvements in overall habitat conditions since each mitigation action is linked to new habitat impacts resulting from a development action. No comprehensive and consistent method currently exists to account for the impacts accrued through actions that incrementally degrade habitat, water quality, and hydrologic functions within our watersheds, not to mention across the broader region. This conundrum exists even as mitigation funded projects are helping to implement key priorities and strategies identified in the WRIA 8 plan. Accounting for mitigation in salmon recovery tracking and reporting The habitat protection and restoration actions identified in the 2017 Plan, and the associated quantitative habitat goals, are meant to represent net gains in habitat and ecological functions. Since mitigation is intended to offset impacts to habitat from various development projects, habitat enhancements funded through mitigation do not represent net habitat gains. For purposes of tracking habitat restoration progress in WRIA 8, we will work with project managers, mitigation program managers, and other partners to ensure appropriate accounting for habitat improvements as well as their associated environmental impacts. To produce a transparent accounting and reporting of net progress towards achieving WRIA 8 habitat goals, WRIA 8 will document which projects, or portions of projects, were implemented with mitigation funding. r, 0 N w a 0 IL a w 0 LAND USE ACTION RECOMMENDATIONS In addition to habitat protection and restoration projects, land use actions are critical to protecting and restoring habitat conditions for Chinook salmon and to the success of salmon recovery in WRIA 8. Land use actions are defined as policies, rules, or other non -capital actions that programmatically address habitat protection. Local governments are responsible for land use actions, which include planning, regulations, incentive programs and BMPs that address landscape features or ecological processes such as forest cover, road crossings, riparian buffer conditions, natural flow regimes, and sediment dynamics. Land use actions determine where and how urban growth takes place in the watershed, how stormwater is managed, and the degree to which environmentally critical and sensitive areas and functioning habitat processes are protected. These actions are particularly important to accommodate a rapidly growing population and mitigate the effects of a changing climate. Together with land protection and restoration actions, land use policies will determine whether salmon continue to return to our watershed each year. In many cases, land use actions complement or support implementation of site -specific project actions. The 2005 Plan grouped the actions by geographic subarea (i.e., Cedar River, north Lake Washington tributaries, Issaquah Creek, and migratory and rearing areas). For the 2017 Plan, the list of recommended land use actions was revisited and updated to serve as a resource for partners and decision -makers in land use planning and decisions, and to better focus and guide future investment of resources to support implementation of salmon recovery strategies. See Appendix H for a list of recommended land use actions organized by land use category. Growth Management Act Under the Growth Management Act (GMA), local jurisdictions must protect critical areas and designate natural resource lands (e.g., forest, agricultural, and mineral areas) and urban growth areas, which identify where urban growth and development may occur. The 2017 Plan calls for managing growth in a way that minimizes negative impacts to salmon. This includes maintaining existing UGA boundaries, unless altering the boundary would be beneficial to salmon. Plan recommendations within UGAs: • Manage growth to minimize impacts to water quality, riparian forest cover, and flows • Promote LID and green stormwater infrastructure • Use incentive programs to protect watershed functions and values (examples include transfer of development rights, public benefit ratings system, etc.) • Promote restoring native vegetation cover Plan recommendation outside UGAs: • Promote livestock BMPs to protect ecological functions Use incentive programs to protect forest cover and protect and restore riparian buffers (examples include transfer of development rights, public benefit ratings system, etc.) • Ensure maintenance of properties protected through fee acquisitions or easements Critical Areas Ordinance Local governments have critical area ordinances to protect the natural environment and public health/safety, including measures to preserve and enhance "unique, fragile, and valuable elements of the environment," with special consideration for actions that preserve or enhance anadromous fisheries. These regulations have great potential for achieving salmon conservation objectives, including: • Protecting aquatic areas • Protecting riparian buffers and nearshore vegetation • Protecting forest cover • Protecting wetlands • Protecting water quality Shoreline Management Act and Shoreline Master Programs A goal of the Shoreline Management Act (SMA) is to "prevent the inherent harm in an uncoordinated and piecemeal development of the state's shorelines' and to facilitate public access to shorelines of the state. Local governments are required to develop shoreline master programs (SMPs), which are the primary means for administering the SMA. These SMPs include a characterization of a jurisdiction's shorelines, including rivers, large lakes, and marine shorelines, and their associated ecological functions. The primary overlap between the 2017 Plan and SMPs is the protection of shoreline forest/vegetation cover and the protection of vegetated riparian buffers. Water Quality and Stormwater Management, including NPDES Permit Improving water quality and managing stormwater are critical for creating and maintaining stream and water conditions that support salmon survival. In particular, local jurisdictions are required, under their NPDES permits, to develop and implement stormwater management programs to protect water quality and reduce pollutant discharge. 0 There are at least three areas of strong overlap N between stormwater management actions and salmon recovery: LU 1. Regulatory activities — Local government a partners should implement and enforce NPDES permit conditions to improve water quality by ,¢u restoring natural flow regimes. State and local }o partners need to work together to address water quality -impaired Tier 1 and Tier 2 streams with total maximum daily load designations for a excessive pollution, temperatures or dissolved o oxygen. These actions help address impacts to salmon in WRIA 8 streams. Z 2. Incentive -based and voluntary programs — Local government partners and community organizations concerned about water quality can go beyond NPDES requirements by increasing and promoting stormwater management structure retrofits, LID, and GSI, as well as pollutant source control efforts. stormwater discharge permit requires local governments to develop public education and outreach programs. Many of the actions required by these programs also support salmon recovery. Groundwater Groundwater contributes to streamflow and functions as a coldwater input for many streams, which is especially needed in streams affected by high water temperatures. Ensuring that groundwater is protected and hydrologic connections are maintained and improved throughout the watershed is important for improving habitat conditions for salmon. The following actions are key: Encourage LID, GSI and natural drainage systems to promote groundwater recharge n 0 N w 0 a a w 0 Protect streamflow and hydrologic integrity through regulations, incentives, and acquisitions Educate the public about the importance of groundwater for human health, fish and wildlife, and ecosystem processes Floodplain Management The King County Flood Control District (FCD) is responsible for managing flood risk along the County's major river systems, and local jurisdictions participating in the National Flood Insurance Program also share flood risk reduction obligations. In WRIA 8, FCD activities most commonly overlap with salmon recovery priorities along the Cedar River and Sammamish River. In many cases, potential projects to reduce flood risk are close to or in the same location as habitat restoration projects, creating opportunities to collaborate and identify solutions that meet both flood risk reduction and salmon habitat restoration goals. In addition to floodplain management on the Cedar River and Sammamish River, some local governments also manage floodplains on streams to reduce flooding and restore habitat. EDUCATION AND OUTREACH ACTION RECOMMENDATIONS Since WRIA 8 is the most populous watershed in the state, raising public awareness of salmon recovery, and building and sustaining public and political will to take action, are imperative if conditions for salmon are to be improved in the watershed. Without public and political support over the long-term, Chinook salmon recovery efforts cannot succeed, especially as our region continues to grow. Outreach and education actions support land use management and capital projects, or promote behavior change to improve habitat conditions. They can apply to a specific location, a particular target audience, or throughout the basin. The 2005 Plan ranked outreach and education actions as high, medium, and low priority. To better prioritize and guide outreach and education efforts, the 2017 Plan uses the results of WRIA 8 programmatic action implementation surveys conducted in 2009 and 2015, a 2009 outreach and education gap analysis, and feedback from the WRIA 8 Salmon Summit in 2016. This information provided the basis for a suite of draft outreach and education actions that were reviewed and revised at a workshop of education and outreach partners in 2016. See Appendix I for recommended outreach and education priorities. 6. ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT PROCESS 0 Effective implementation of the WRIA 8 Plan requires adaptive W management. The major steps of an adaptive management cycle o are to: D 1. Set a vision and identify goals w 2. Plan actions and identify monitoring needs o 3. Implement and monitor 4. Analyze data and use results to adapt assumptions and approach c a 5. Capture lessons learned and share results o The 2005 Plan set a vision for recovery and identified the actions for implementation. WRIA 8 has adaptively managed the 2005 Plan using monitoring results, studies and research, and lessons learned from implementing projects to inform recommendations to the WRIA 8 Salmon Recovery Council for ways to adjust implementation. Progress reports completed in 2010 and 2015 shared implementation status, analyzed data, identified challenges, and assessed recovery assumptions. The 2017 Plan includes quantitative habitat goals and revised recovery strategies developed using new information and lessons learned from the past decade of implementation. The goals and strategies will improve our ability to adaptively manage implementation moving forward, help partners work together toward the same goals, implement the most important actions, and improve our ability to track and report on our progress. Implementation of the 2017 Plan will be adaptively managed by linking monitoring and new and emerging information to decision -making through reports and presentations to the Salmon Recovery Council, and through specific recommendations from the TC and IC. This approach enables the Salmon Recovery Council to have a common understanding and adjust the direction of implementation based on monitoring results and lessons learned. In 2017, WRIA 8 developed the MAP (Appendix A) to guide monitoring c' and reporting on progress towards implementing recovery strategies and meeting habitat recovery goals throughout the watershed, to 3 prioritize restoration actions, and to identify gaps. The adaptive management approach evaluates success in meeting 2017 Plan habitat goals, and uses triggers to guide future actions or changes (Table 5). A trigger refers to a threshold of the habitat indicator that prompts a recommended action. In the case of WRIA 8 habitat goals, five-year triggers are established to assess r, whether implementation in on track (i.e., 50% of 0 N the way toward implementation of the 2025 goal). w Q 0 a a w } 0 Adaptive management involves assessing both indicators associated with project implementation and the success of land use actions and education and outreach programs in supporting implementation of recovery strategies. The expectation moving forward is that the WRIA 8 TC will regularly review and report data from monitoring efforts (annually for fish population data and every five years for habitat condition data) to assess the effectiveness of restoration and recovery actions and report to the IC and Salmon Recovery Council. The WRIA 8 IC will work with local government and non -governmental partners to review and assess land use actions and education and outreach programs at least every five years to help highlight any changes that should be considered. The WRIA 8 TC will track new technology and information on Chinook salmon, and the monitoring plan will be updated as needed, pending coordination with the Puget Sound Partnership to assure consistency with the Puget Sound Chinook salmon recovery framework. Assuming the appropriate information is collected to a sufficient degree to inform decision - making, the process in WRIA 8 typically involves discussing monitoring results within the TC and IC and developing and submitting joint TC/ IC recommendations to the Salmon Recovery Council for their consideration and action. The adaptive management process will also affect how WRIA 8 staff develop their work plans and assist project sponsors with implementation. This process will continue to be followed in the future with continued oversight by the WRIA 8 Salmon Recovery Council. WRIA 8 Habitat Goal Adaptive Management Triggers Habitatr ,rnent 2025 Goals2020 1', Cedar River Total connected floodplain acres between Total connected floodplain acres Lake Washington and Landsburg Diversion <1,105 acres Dam will be 1,170 acres by 2025. Average wood volume will quadruple over Average wood volume current basin conditions (RM 4 to Landsburg <21 m3/100 m Diversion Dam) by 2025. Sammamish River Areas of river will be cool enough to support <1 thermal refuge added Chinook salmon migration and survival (increase riparian cover and add thermal Net riparian cover added <20 acres refugia) by 2025. Streams Area of riparian cover in each Tier 1 and Tier 2 Varies by stream: cover in each (Bear/Cottage Lake, stream will increase by 10% over 2015 stream increases by <5% over 2015 Issaquah, Evans, conditions by 2025. conditions Kelsey, Little Bear, North creeks) Average wood volume will double over current Varies by stream: wood volume in basin conditions by 2025. each stream increases by <50% Lakes Natural lake shoreline south of 1-90 (Lake Natural lake shoreline <X acres Washington) and throughout Lake Sammamish (baseline assessment required) will double over 2015 conditions by 2025. Natural riparian vegetation within 25 feet of Natural riparian vegetation restored shoreline south of 1-90 (Lake Washington) and < 30 acres throughout Lake Sammamish will double over 2015 conditions by 2025. Nearshore (Pocket Pocket estuaries along WRIA 8 shoreline will <1 stream mouth/pocket estuary Estuaries) support juvenile Chinook salmon for rearing added and migration. "Natural lake shoreline' is defined by the WRIA 8 Technical Committee as without bulkhead, with slope and substrate matching historic lakeshore contours for the area under consideration. Table 5. WRIA 8 Habitat Goal Adaptive Management Triggers NN H 0 a a w } 0 7. REFERENCES Beamer, E.M., W.T. Zackey, D. Marks, D. Teel, D. Kuligowski, and R. Henderson. 2013. Juvenile Chinook salmon rearing in small non- F natal streams draining into the Whidbey Basin. Skagit River System o Cooperative, LaConner, WA. a Beechie, T., H. Imaki, J. Greene, A. J. Wade, H. Wu, G. R. Pess, P. Roni, w J. Kimball, J. A. Stanford, P. M. Kiffney, and N. Mantua. 2012. Restoring } salmon habitat for a changing climate. River Research 0 and Applications. Brennan, J. S., K. Higgins, J. Cordell, and V. Stamatiou. 2004. Juvenile salmon composition, timing, distribution, and diet in marine nearshore waters of central Puget Sound in 2001-2002. King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks, Seattle, WA. 164 pp. http://www. kingcountV.gov/services/environ ment/watersheds/centra I- puget-sou nd/nea rshore-environ ments/juvenile-sal mon id-report.aspxx Chrzastowski, M. 1981. Historical Changes to Lake Washington and Route of the Lake Washington Ship Canal, King County, Washington. United States Geological Survey, Department of the Interior. https:Hpubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr8lll82 DeVries, P., and A. Shelly. 2017. PIT Tagging of Juvenile Salmon Smolts in the Lake Washington Basin: Fourteenth through Sixteenth Year (2013-2015). Prepared for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District by R2 Resource Consultants, Inc. Seattle, WA. Fox, M., and S. Bolton. 2007. A regional and geomorphic reference for quantities and volumes of instream wood in unmanaged forested basins of Washington State. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 27:342-359. Kerwin, J. 2001. Salmon and steelhead habitat limiting factors report for the Cedar-Sammamish Basin (Water Resource Inventory Area 8). Washington Conservation Commission, Olympia, WA. King County. (in prep.) King County's Bear Creek Watershed -Scale Stormwater Management Plan: A NPDES Permit Requirement. Prepared by King County, Water and Land Resources Division. Prepared for King County, Snohomish County, City of Redmond, City of Woodinville, and in collaboration with Washington State Department of Transportation. King County. 2006. Flood Hazard Management Plan: King County, Washington. King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks, Water and Land Resources Division, Seattle, Washington. King County. 2015. Monitoring for Adaptive Management: Status and Trends of Aquatic and Riparian Habitats in the Lake Wash ington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8). King County Water and Land Resources Division. Seattle, Washington http://your.kingcounty.gov/dnrp/library/2015/kcr2671.pdf — Konrad, C., K. Burton, R. Little, A.D. Gendaszek, M.D. Munn, and S.C. Anderson. (in press). Characterizing w a aquatic habitats with an emphasis on side channels for long-term monitoring of a fourth -order, regulated a river irrthe Pacific Northwest, USA. River Research and Applications. Mauger, G.S., J.H. Casola, H.A. Morgan, R.L. Strauch, B. Jones, B. Curry, T.M. Busch Isaksen, L. Whitely a Binder, M.B. Krosby, and A.K. Snover, 2015. State of Knowledge: Climate Change in Puget Sound. Report prepared for the Puget Sound Partnership and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. — Climate Impacts Group, University of Washington, Seattle. doi:10.7915/CIG93777D http://cses.washington.edu/picea/mauger/ps-sok/ps-sok_cover_and_execsumm 2015.pdf a McElhany, P., M.H. Ruckelshaus, M.J. Ford, T.C. Wainwright, and E.P. Bjorkstedt. 2000. Viable salmonid c 0 � populations and the recovery of evolutionarily significant units. U.S. Dept. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. v NMFS-NWFSC-42,156 p. o https://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/assets/25/6190_06162004_143739_tm42.pdf c� Meador, J.P., Sommers, F.C., Ylitalo, G.M. & Sloan, C.A. 2006. Altered growth and related physiological c E responses in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscho) from dietary exposure to polycyclic n aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 63, 2364-2376. o Meador, J. P. 2013. Do chemically contaminated river estuaries in Puget Sound (Washington, USA) affect 0 u the survival rate of hatchery -reared Chinook salmon? Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 71:162-180. U a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). 2008. Endangered Species Act — Section 7 Consultation 3 Biological Opinion and Magnuson -Stevens Fisheries Conservation and Management Act — Essential Fish v Habitat Consultation: Operation and Maintenance of the Lake Washington Ship Canal in King County, Washington State. March 31, 2008. Seattle, WA. 3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 2015. Wood loading shapefile. Obtained from N Northwest Fisheries Science Center November, 2016. E m E National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 2017. High Resolution Land Cover product (draft), 2015 conditions. v) Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC). 2015. Status review update for Pacific salmon and steelhead `m listed under the Endangered Species Act: Pacific Northwest. http://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa gov/publications/status reviews/salmon steelhead/2016/2016 nwfsc pdf 0 CD Puget Sound Indian Tribes and WDFW, 2010 Comprehensive Management Plan for Puget Sound Chinook: Harvest Management Component. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Lacey, Washington. 9 http://wdfw.wa.gov/publications/00854/wdfw00854.pdf Y Quinn, T. P., B. R. Dickerson, and L. A. Vollestad. 2005. Marine survival and distribution patterns of J two Puget Sound hatchery populations of coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) salmon. Fisheries Research 76:209-220. Richter, A., and S. A. Kolmes. 2005. Maximum temperature limits for Chinook, coho, and chum salmon, and 0 steelhead trout in the Pacific Northwest. Reviews in Fisheries Science 13:23-49. N Tabor, R. A., M. T. Celedonia, F. Mejia, R. M. Piaskowski, D. L. Low, B. Footen, and L. Park. 2004. Predation w of juvenile Chinook salmon by predatory fishes in three areas of the Lake Washington basin. US Fish and a Wildlife Service, Lacey, WA. ahftp://www.govlink.org/watersheds/8/pdf/TaborReport.pdf a Tabor, R. A., B. A. Footen, K. L. Fresh, M. T. Celedonia, F. Mejia, D. L. Low, and L. Park. 2007. Smallmouth i Bass and Largemouth Bass Predation on Juvenile Chinook Salmon and Other Salmonids in the Lake o Washington Basin, North American Journal of Fisheries Management 27:1174-1188. Tabor, R. A., H. B. Berge, M. Klungle, B. Thompson, D. W. Lantz, and B. Price. 2014. Predation of juvenile ii salmonids by resident trout and other fishes in the lower Cedar River, Washington: Final report to Seattle `o Public Utilities. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lacey, WA. Tabor, R. A., S. T. Sanders, M. T. Celedonia, D. W. Lantz, S. Damm, T. M. Lee, Z. Li, and B. Price. 2010. Spring/ Summer habitat use and seasonal movement patterns of predatory fishes in the Lake Washington Ship Canal: Final Report to Seattle Public Utilities. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lacey, Washington. Taylor Assoc., 2010. Salmon Bay Estuary Synthesis Report. Prepared for WRIA 8 Estuary and Nearshore Workgroup. Seattle, WA. http•//www govlink org/watersheds/8/reports/SalmonBayEstuary-SynthesisReport-Januarv2010 pdf Toft, J., C. Simenstad, C. Young, and L. Stamatiou. 2003. Inventory and Mapping of City of Seattle Shorelines along Lake Washington, the Ship Canal, and Shilshole Bay. Draft Report to City of Seattle, School of Aquatic and Fisheries Resources, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 33 pp. https:Hdigital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/bitstream/handle/1773/4530/0302 pdf?sequence=1 Vanderhoof, J., S. Stolnack, K. Rauscher, and K. Higgins. 2011. Lake Washington/ Cedar/ Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Land Cover Change Analysis. Prepared for WRIA 8 Technical Committee by King County Water and Land Resources Division, Department of Natural Resources and Parks. Seattle, Washington. http://www.govli n k.o rg/watersheds/8/reports/W 8Landcove rCha ngeReport7-19-2011.pdf Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW). 2009. Compiled White Papers For Hydraulic Project Approval Habitat Conservation Plan. Online: http://wdfw.wa.gov/publications/00803/ WRIA 8 Steering Committee. 2005. Final Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan. Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA) 8, Seattle, WA. http://wwwgoviink org/watersheds/8/planning/chinook-conservation-plan aspx ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS WRIA 8 Salmon Recovery Council Deputy Mayor Jay Arnold, City of Kirkland Councilmember Eileen Barber, City of Issaquah Councilmember Diane Buckshnis, City of Edmonds Councilmember Allen Dauterman, City of Newcastle Councilmember Rod Dembowski, King County Councilmember Bruce Dodds, City of Clyde Hill Councilmember Ted Frantz, Town of Hunts Point Councilmember Sean Kelly, City of Mill Creek Councilmember Doug McCardle, City of Mountlake Terrace Councilmember Ryan Mclrvin, City of Renton Councilmember Hank Myers, City of Redmond Councilmember Tom Odell, City of Sammamish Deputy Mayor Dana Parnello, City of Maple Valley Councilmember Mark Phillips, City of Lake Forest Park Mayor Andy Rheaume, City of Bothell, Chair Councilmember Kshama Sawant, City of Seattle Councilmember Jesse Solomon, City of Shoreline Councilmember Brian Sullivan, Snohomish County Mayor Carla Nichols, Town of Woodway Mayor Pro Tern Carl Scandella, Town of Yarrow Point Mayor John Stokes, City of Bellevue, Vice -Chair Deputy Mayor Allan VanNess, City of Kenmore Councilmember Paula Waters, City of Woodinville Councilmember Dave Wisenteiner, City of Mercer Island Vacant, Town of Beaux Arts Village Vacant, City of Kent Vacant, City of Medina Vacant, City of Mukilteo Government Agency, Organization, Business and Non -Profit Representatives Eric Adman, Sno-King Watershed Council Tor Bell, Mountains to Sound Greenway Trust Judy Blanco, Forterra Bea Covington, King Conservation District 0 CN Don Davidson, Washington Policy Center Mike Dixon, Alderwood Water & w a Wastewater District n. Nancy Eklund, The Boeing Company Noel Gilbrough, Mid Sound Fisheries Enhancement Group (MSFEG) _o Mike Grady, National Oceanic and Atmospheric — Administration Fisheries Joe Miles, WA State Department of Natural m a Resources (WDNR) o Joan Nolan, WA State Department of Ecology (Ecology) Jacques White, Long Live the Kings Stewart Reinbold, WA State Department of Fish & Wildlife (WDFW) Charles Ruthford, Cedar River Council Gary Schulz, Washington Association of Sewer and Water Districts Gary Smith, Water Tenders/Trout Unlimited Richard Sowa, Friends of the Issaquah Salmon Hatchery Vacant, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Kathy Minsch, City of Seattle Susan O'Neil, Long Live the Kings Ryan Osada, City of Medina Vivian Roach. WDNR Audrie Starsy, City of Newcastle Ralph Svrjcek, Ecology Recommended Citation WRIA 8 Salmon Recovery Council. 2017. Lake Washington/Cedar/ Sammamish Watershed Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan 10-year Update (2017). Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA) 8, Seattle, WA. jhttp://www.govlink.org/watersheds/8/ reports/plan-upd ate.aspxl 10-YEAR UPDATE 2017 Financial support to coordinate implementation of Lake Wash ington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan is provided by the following local governments and the Washington State Salmon Recovery Funding Board: AeF CITY OF OF EQ4, I i of <<F � Clyde F ^j G Y CITY OF c r l 7� 5��'�q w.Nesieene Town of ISSA UAH Beaux Arts /yq w'�2 City of Bothelr NUnkS� w n s x I�u a T o u Village SNfill sir f F`.H aF UJ(E FONESTp iko �/ aG k< � a 1y MAP LLEY ® L9 King County ti KENT v o a J�V of lifej` 040�8 ague 60 CIIy j 4 y F /w^ �.y..r MOUNTLAKE CITY Or 06 soa Mi1lCreek TERRACE MUKILTEO 2 1wy1NOA Parks & Recreation MARL! CITY o C JCL?YZZYZCZYYIZSh ( { I I SHOREL NE Gir CityofFtedmond , of Seattle Snohomish ' Fdg6Recovery FSalmon YarlayPont f" ' Washington gp x�iur µa Tmcn of Hbodaap Additional copies of this report are available from: Department ofNatural Resources and Parks � Water and Land Resources Division LN 201 South Jackson Street, Suite 600 Seattle, WA 98104 King County 206-296-6519 TTY Relay: 711 www.kingcounty.gov/wir Alternative Formats Available 206-296-7380 TTY Relay 711 Printed on recycled paper. Please recycle. � =: , For more information: Jason Mulvihill -Kuntz Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed Salmon Recovery Manager 206-477-4780 jason.mulvihill-kuntz@kingcounty.gov WRIA 8 website: http:lwww.goulink.org/watersheds/B/ File name:1710_8207m_WSTenYrSalmonConservationPlanUpdate.indd Find inside 1705_8207m—WBTenYearSalmonConsewationPlan/Final/1710j2evisedReportFiles King County IT Services, Design & Civic Engagement Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan Appendices A -I ate; F +f 1 r e. VO 5 ir,S if < PREPARED FOR LAKE WASH INGTON/CEDAR/SAM MAMISH WATERSHED SALMON RECOVERY COUNCIL 2017 APPENDIX A o Monitoring and Assessment Plan N A-1. Introduction and background This document describes the monitoring and assessment activities recommended to oversee a Chinook salmon conservation and recovery within the Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish (WRIA 8) a watershed. It is intended to be a framework for WRIA 8 staff, partners and practitioners for monitoring the most important elements to indicate progress in protecting and restoring Chinook habitat in the ,a„ watershed. To the extent practical, it describes monitoring goals and objectives, assessment questions, 0 monitoring design, protocols, staffing needs and costs, and reporting requirements. This plan is focused on Chinook population and habitat monitoring needed to track Chinook recovery. Its ultimate function is to provide methods by which users collect and report information to decision -makers on the progress and pace of Chinook recovery within the WRIA 8 watershed. This WRIA 8 Monitoring and Assessment Plan (MAP) was informed by numerous prior documents and efforts, including the WRIA 8 Chinook Salmon Conservation Pion (WRIA 8 Steering Committee, 2005), Puget Sound Shared Strategy Draft Monitoring and Adaptive Management Plan (PSAMM Steering Committee, 2007), NOAAs Guidance for monitoring recovery of Pacific Northwest salmon and steelheod listed under the Federal Endangered Species Act (Crawford et al., 2011), A framework for the development of monitoring and adaptive management plans (Puget Sound RITT, 2015), Monitoring habitat status and trends in Puget Sound: development of sample designs, monitoring metrics, and sampling protocols (Beechie et al., 2017), and the Chinook monitoring and adaptive management toolkit (Puget Sound Partnership, 2016). Monitoring and Assessment Plan purpose The overall goal of the WRIA 8 MAP is to document that actions to protect and restore habitat quantity and quality within WRIA 8 are performed and adequately contribute to restoring Chinook salmon viability in the watershed (Figure 1). This plan focuses on freshwater and nearshore habitat under the jurisdiction of freshwater habitat managers, and includes freshwater Chinook salmon monitoring performed in the watershed. This plan is intended to address five fundamental questions: 1. Were strategies and actions carried out as recommended? (Implementation monitoring) 2. Did those strategies and actions work as intended? (Effectiveness monitoring) 3. Are overall conditions in the watershed related to Chinook salmon habitat improving? (Habitat status and trends monitoring — sometimes called cumulative effectiveness monitoring) 4. Do the sum of actions lead to improved Chinook salmon viability? (Chinook status and trends monitoring) 5. What other technical issues may constitute key constraints to Chinook recovery in the WRIA 8 watershed, and to what degree? (Emerging issues assessment) NOTE: Other factors, such as harvest and hatchery management, and conditions in the marine J environment beyond the WRIA 8 nearshore, also affect the trajectory of Chinook recovery. When these other factors are outside the jurisdiction of WRIA 8 Salmon Recovery Council members, they should be addressed at the appropriate level — for example, by State and Tribal salmon resource co -managers or others with jurisdiction. Monitoring objectives are specific to the assessment questions, geography and life stage, and will be addressed in greater detail in the following sections. Do these........................to reduce pressure(s) and/or. ....... to protect/restore habitat C' (PRESSURES;• CHINOOK (z0) STRESSOR$ Gultimately ...... to improve ChinOALS„ And ACTIONS ACTIONS • • k VSP ECOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES ACTIONS ACTIONS - • improve these functions. MANY... (projects. programs. etcl Figure A-1. Logic Model of Chinook ;< �_ ove: y Description of the watershed area The WRIA 8 watershed comprises 692 square miles extending from the marine nearshore along Puget Sound east to the Cascade Crest (Figure 2). Most of the watershed is in western King County; about 15% extends northward into Snohomish County. It includes two major river systems (Cedar and Sammamish) and their tributaries, three large lakes (Union, Washington and Sammamish) and numerous smaller subbasins that drain directly to Puget Sound. The watershed contains two Chinook salmon populations: Cedar Population (Cedar River and tributaries) and Sammamish Population (Sammamish River, North Creek, Lake Washington tributaries, Little Bear Creek, Bear/Cottage Lake Creek, Issaquah Creek, Kelsey Creek). The watershed is divided into functional "tiers," which denote priority habitat areas for Chinook salmon. Tier 1 areas are highest priority and include core spawning areas as well as migratory and rearing corridors. Tier 2 areas include areas less frequently used by Chinook salmon for spawning and rearing, but are considered important for the long-term geographic distribution of the populations. Tier 3 areas are infrequently used by Chinook salmon, but are still important areas for water quality and flow management. mp� 0 2 4 6 Miles I_�t�l Incorporated area ry2017 Figure A-2. Map of WRIA 8 Watershed Chinook VSP goals. Chinook salmon population recovery goals were determined using the viable salmonid population (VSP) concept (McElhany et al., 2000). The VSP attributes used to evaluate the status of Chinook salmon are abundance, productivity, spatial distribution, and diversity. A "viable" r population is a population that has a negligible risk of extinction over a 100-year time frame. Recovery goals are set for both a near -term (2025) and a long-term (2055) time frame for each VSP parameter to support a trajectory toward sustainable, harvestable Chinook salmon populations (Table a A-1). In 2006-2009, the WRIA 8 Technical Committee worked with resource Co -Managers to reach Q a a consensus understanding of habitat, hatchery and harvest conditions and goals' leading towards recovery of WRIA 8 Chinook salmon. The process resulted in clarification of some of the Chinook w goals contained in the 2005 WRIA 8 Conservation Plan. These goals were reaffirmed by the WRIA 8 Salmon Recovery Council in 2017. o ' See "H-Integration Subcommittee Documents" at http://www.goviink.org/watersheds/8/reports/default.aspx#tech. WRIA 8 Chinook Salmon Population Goals Parameter HistoricalVSP' r ,itionsb 2025 Goals1Goals CEDAR Abundance >15,000 spawner capacity 1,680 natural -origin 2,000 to 8,000 spawners (NOS) natural -origin spawners; consistent with tribal treaty rights and recreational harvest Productivity Unknown >>-2 returns per spawner 12-20% egg -to -migrant 2-4 years out of 10; survival rate >03.8% egg -to -migrant survival rate Spatial distribution Proportional use by river Convert one satellite Recapture historical mile and lake residencyc subarea to core (Tier 1); distribution; fully exploit expand spawning area available habitat distribution Diversity Assume >50% parr rearing Increase Cedar River Increase Cedar River life history; low stray rate instream rearing trajectory instream rearing from other systems trajectories to 50% SAMMAMISH POPULATION Abundance Unknown, estimated at Maintain base period 1,000 to 4,000 '8,500 spawners average of 1,083 naturally natural -origin spawners; spawning adults tribal treaty and sport fishing occur on a consistent basis Productivity Unknown Adult productivity>-1.0; >_10%egg-to-migrant >2 returns per spawner 2 survival rate 4 years out of 10; >4.4% egg -to -migrant survival rate Spatial distribution Spawning distribution Convert one satellite Consistent use of north assumed to be broad, but subarea to core; expand Lake Washington more concentrated in spawning area distribution tributaries (in addition to larger streams Bear Creek) for spawning Diversity Historical diversity Improve Sammamish River Maintain and increase assumed to be greater habitat rearing conditions duration of natural than that at present to support eventual parr spawning in the basin rearing Note: Current population status is discussed in Section 3 3 y a VSP —viable salmon population, one with a negligible risk of extinction over a 100-year time frame. b Historical conditions are estimates of presettlement or "template" conditions provided by NOAA and WDFW. Lake residency is considered a template condition, even though lake residency is not a historical condition. See 2005 Plan for more information. Table A-1. WPIA 8 Chinook Salmon Population Goals Habitat goals. Habitat goals were developed as part of the WRIA 8 Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan update (2017). These goals focus on key elements affecting critical habitat limitations as determined by conservation science, and are based on the WRIA 8 conceptual model and pressure assessment n work performed by the TC in 2015-2016. These goals focus on the most important habitat elementsCN for conservation and recovery of Chinook salmon in the watershed and are based on local data — on existing habitat conditions, the unique constraints placed on rivers and streams in the WRIA 8 F watershed, and the pace of implementation progress in the last ten years. While the number of habitat o goals is relatively small, the TC considers them to be proxies for a larger set of expected habitat a improvements. It is expected that meeting the short-term and long-term goals for this short list of habitat elements will result in improvements in other key ecological attributes and contribute to overall LU Chinook recovery. } o n 0 N w Q 0 a M w 0 8 Habitat Goals Habitat Component 2025 Goals 2055Goals Cedar River Total connected floodplain acres Total connected floodplain acres between Lake Washington and between Lake Washington and Landsburg Diversion Dam will be Landsburg Diversion Dam will be at 1,170 acres (reconnect an additional least 1,386 acres by 2055 (recon- 130 acres) by 2025. nect on additional 346 acres). Average wood volume will quadru- Average wood volume between RM ple over current basin conditions to 4 and Landsburg Diversion Dam will 42 m3/100 m (RM 4 to Landsburg be 93 m3/100 m by 2055 (the Diversion Dam) by 2025. median standard wood volume for streams over 30 m bankfull width — Fox and Bolton, 2007). Sammamish River Areas of river will be cool enough to Riparian forest cover and thermal support Chinook salmon migration refugia along the river will help and survival (increase riparian cover keep it cool enough to support by at least 10% and add two thermal Chinook salmon migration and refugia) by 2025. survival by 2055. Streams Area of riparian cover in each Tier 1 Riparian areas along Tier 1 and Tier (Bear/Cottage Lake, Issaquah, and Tier 2 stream will Increase by 2 streams will be of sufficient size Evans, Kelsey, Little Bear, North 10% over 2015 conditions by 2025. and quality to support sustainable creeks) and harvestable Chinook salmon Average wood volume will double populations in the watershed by over current basin conditions by 2055. 2025. Each Tier 1 and Tier 2 stream system will meet appropriate regional instream wood -loading standards by 2055. Lakes Natural lake shoreline south of 1-90 Natural lake shoreline south of 1-90 (Lake Washington) and throughout on Lake Washington and throughout Lake Sammamish will double over Lake Sammamish will be restored 2015 conditions by 2025 adequately to supportjuvenile rearing and migration by 2055. Natural riparian vegetation within 25 feet of shoreline south of 1-90 Natural vegetation within 25 feet of (Lake Washington) and throughout the shoreline south of 1-90 (Lake Lake Sammamish will double over Washington) and throughout Lake 2015 conditions by 2025. Sammamish is restored adequately to supportjuvenile rearing and migration by 2055. Nearshore (Pocket Estuaries) Pocket estuaries along WRIA 8 Same as 2025 goal. shoreline will supportjuvenile Chinook salmon for rearing and migration (reconnect two stream mouth pocket estuaries) by 2025. "'Natural lake shoreline' is defined by the WRIA 8 Technical Committee as without bulkhead, with slope and substrate matching historic lakeshore contours for the area under consideration. RM = River Mile Table A-2. WRIA 8 Habitat Goals. A-2. Monitoring in WRIA 8: Overview Monitoring for Chinook recovery in WRIA 8 is conducted for three purposes: 1) to determine whether actions were carried out as recommended (implementation monitoring); 2) to determine whether those actions produced the expected physical change and/or biological effects, and to share lessons learned (effectiveness monitoring); and 3) to determine whether the aggregated actions are improving overall watershed habitat conditions and Chinook VSP (status and trends/cumulative effectiveness monitoring). Priority indicators to track WRIA 8 habitat goals The 2017 Plan includes a short list of goals that focus on the key elements affecting Chinook salmon within the WRIA 8 watershed. The goals focus on the most important habitat elements for conservation and recovery of Chinook salmon in the watershed and are based on local data, the unique constraints placed on rivers, streams and lakes in the WRIA 8 watershed, and the pace of implementation progress. These goals are proxies for a larger set of habitat processes that the TC hypothesizes will improve if the goals are met. In order to track progress toward these goals, the following information should be collected by project implementers and provided to the TC. 1. Acres of floodplain reconnected. Using GIS, measure the area of the Moderate Channel Migratior Zone previously "disconnected" behind levees or other structures that is now able to interact with the river. Measure to the nearest 0.1 acre. 2. Wood volume added to stream channel (m3/100 m). Estimate the wood volume added to the stream channel (methods in Fox and Bolton, 2007). 3. Number of pieces and number of key pieces of wood installed. Count number of pieces and number of key pieces (methods in Fox and Bolton, 2007). 4. Area of riparian forest planted (to the nearest 0.1 acre) and length of streambank planted (to the nearest 0.01 mile). 5. Number, location and area of thermal refugia created/restored (square feet, to nearest foot — Sammamish River and Lake Washington Ship Canal). (Methods to measure thermal refugia as in Torgersen et al., 2012 and Ebersole et al., 2003.) 6. Length of natural bank profile restored (Lake Sammamish, and Lake Washington south of 1-90 — feet, to nearest foot). "Natural bank profile" is defined by the WRIA 8 Technical Committee as without bulkhead, with slope and substrate matching historic Iakeshore contours for the area under restoration. 7. Area of natural riparian vegetation restored within 25 feet of lake shore (Lake Sammamish, and Lake Washington south of 1-90 — to the nearest 0.1 acre). "Natural riparian vegetation" in this context is defined by the WRIA 8 Technical Committee as native trees and tall native shrubs. 8. Number and area of pocket estuary habitat (stream mouths) restored in marine area (square feet, to nearest foot, or acres to the nearest 0. 1 acre). Reporting interval: five years Information on progress for all strategies and habitat goals should be reported to the Salmon Recovery Council every five years, beginning in 2020. n 0 N Collected/reported by: WRIA 8 Technical and Implementation Committees Project/program managers should incorporate this information into their project implementation reporting, and forward to WRIA 8 staff. Information will be compiled and reported by the WRIA 8 Technical and Implementation Committees, with assistance from WRIA 8 staff. Where feasible, the objective is to use standard reporting metrics as in Habitat Work Schedule (HWS) or Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund (PCSRF) requirements. Cost Cost of information gathering should be integrated into standard project reporting protocols. Summary reporting will be incorporated into WRIA 8 team work program. A-3. Implementation monitoring Assessment questions: Were Chinook recovery actions carried out as recommended? Are we performing actions at the recommended pace? The purpose of implementation monitoring is to assess whether activities were carried out as planned. Typically, implementation monitoring is performed using information reported by project or program managers. Implementation monitoring also documents whether Best Management Practices were implemented as planned (for example, for water quality or stormwater projects, or riparian plantings). Implementation monitoring indicators In order to report progress toward recovery at the watershed level and regionally, WRIA 8 tracks implementation using the state's Habitat Work Schedule (HWS) database. This tool contains an extensive list of implementation tracking metrics intended to capture progress on a wide variety of salmon recovery actions. In addition to being a tool for watersheds to track their local activities, HWS is used by the Governor's Salmon Recovery Office and Washington Recreation and Conservation Office to report to NOAA as required by agreement under the Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund (PCSRF). The universe of metrics in HWS is vast, and WRIA 8 has identified a subset of indicators for tracking implementation of the highest priority recovery actions needed in our watershed. These indicators align very closely with the recovery strategies approved by the WRIA 8 Salmon Recovery Council in 2017, which are designed to address the most significant factors limiting Chinook recovery. Strategy implementation Table A-3 lists the recovery strategies used to recover Chinook salmon in WRIA B. The first eight strategies address the highest priority pressures on the most critical life stages and are considered the highest priority (highlighted in bold font). Project partners should —at a minimum —track implementation using the indicators outlined in the table below. Grant recipients may be asked by funders to provide additional implementation information, and where such information is being developed for other reporting purposes, WRIA 8 should receive that information as well. WRIA 8 Chinook Salmon Recovery Strategies and Associated Imvlementation Indicators Protect/restore floodplain connectivity Protect/restore functional riparian vegetation Protect/restore channel complexity Acres offloodplain area protected Acres of floodplain/offchannel area connected/ added Miles of levee removed or set back Acres of riparian area planted/treated/protected Total riparian miles of streambank treated Miles of stream treated for channel reconfiguration Miles of off -channel stream created Miles of streambank protected Volume of wood installed (m3/100 m) Feet of side channel/off-channel created Restore shallow water rearing and refuge habitat I Linear feet of armoring removed Linear feet of shoreline restored Reconnect and enhance creek mouths Number of creek mouths restored Feet of stream made accessible Square feet of thermal refuge created Protect/restore cold water sources and reduce thermal Number of cold water sources protected/restored barriers to migration I Acres of cold water protected/restored Improve juvenile and adult survival at the Ballard Locks I Number and type of actions implemented Reduce predation on juvenile migrants and lake -rearing I Number and type of actions implemented Remove (or reduce impacts of) overwater structures Number of overwater structures removed (or improved) Acres of overwater structures removed/ improved Acres of overwater structure treated (nearshore) Remove fish passage barriers Number of blockages/barriers removed Miles of stream made passable Acres opened to fish passage Protect/restore forest cover and headwater areas Acres of land conserved Provide adequate stream flow Miles of stream protected for adequate flow Cubic feet per second (CFS) of water protected/ leased Restore sediment processes necessary for key life I Number and type of actions implemented Restore natural marine shoreline Miles of marine shoreline treated for armor modification/removal Miles of marine shoreline treated for beach nourishment Total acres of estuarine/nearshore treated Reconnect backshore areas and pocket estuaries I Number of creek mouths restored Acres of backshore area connected Protect/restore marine water/sediment quality, especially I Acres treated for contaminant removal/ modification near commercial and industrial areas Improve water quality Number and type of water quality actions implemented (information likely derived from Ecology data and WRIA 8 surveys to member jurisdictions) Integrate salmon recovery priorities into local and Number and type of actions implemented (information regional planning, regulations, and permitting (SMP, derived from WRIA 8 surveys, etc.) CAO, NPDES, etc.) Continue existing and conduct new research, Number and type of actions implemented (information monitoring, and adaptive management on key issues derived from TC) Increase awareness of and support for salmon recovery Number and type of actions implemented (information derived from WRIA 8 surveys, etc.) A10 Table A-3. WRIA 8 Chinook Salmon Recovery Strategies and Associated implementation Indicators. Many of the HWS indicators outlined in Table A-3 are primarily for tracking elements of habitat protection and restoration project implementation. WRIA 8 also requires tracking progress in implementing recovery strategies that are not as directly tied to site -specific projects or are N programmatic in nature. Strategies that could involve indicators not captured with HWS metrics include: w A• Improve juvenile and adult survival at the Ballard Locks 0 0- • Reduce predation on juvenile migrants and lake -rearing fry Z) a • Restore sediment processes necessary for key life stages w }o • Protect/restore cold water sources and reduce thermal barriers to migration • Improve water quality o Integrate salmon recovery priorities into local and regional planning, regulations, and permitting (SMP, CAO, NPDES, etc.) 0 Continue existing and conduct new research, monitoring, and adaptive management on key issues 2 v Increase awareness of and support for salmon recovery 0 U Implementation tracking of these strategies will be accomplished throuqh periodic surveys of partners E and other methods determined by the IC and TC. N Reporting format 0 Implementation progress should be summarized in a short narrative and tables that convey the t following information: U • Strategy addressed co a • Number of project/programmatic actions implemented (restoration, protection, outreach/education, 3 etc.) a o Site -specific habitat protection and restoration projects v o Land use/policy actions 3 o Education and outreach actions (programs funded, others) s N E • Summary of priority metrics m E • Progress toward implementing strategies E V) • Funding/costs of actions v • Pace of implementation toward near -term and long-term habitat goals U o Reporting interval: five years Project proponents should report implementation progress to WRIA 8 annually or as progress is made Information on progress for all strategies and habitat goals will be compiled by the IC and TC and 3 should be reported to the Salmon Recovery Council every five years, beginning in 2020. v Cost of implementation monitoring J Implementation monitoring should be reported by individual project managers, and compiled by WRIA 8 committees and staff. Cost of reporting by project managers should be integrated into standard project reporting protocols. Summary reporting will be incorporated into WRIA 8 team work program. Adaptive Management trigger(s) Adaptive management actions are recommended in 2020 if priority implementation goals are not being met, or if strategies are not being implemented. The Technical and Implementation Committees will examine the pace of overall implementation and make recommendations to the Salmon Recovery Council. This will include an assessment of the reason for not being on pace, and a reassessment of priority strategies, given new knowledge on key constraints and life stages based on an updated WRIA 8 conceptual model. The adaptive management approach evaluates success in meeting 2017 Plan habitat goals, and uses triggers to guide future actions or changes (Table A-4). A trigger refers to a threshold of the habitat indicator that prompts a recommended action. In the case of WRIA 8 habitat goals, five-year triggers are established to assess whether implementation in on track (i.e., 50% of the way toward implementation of the 2025 goal). WRIA 8 Habitat Goal Adaptive Management Triggers Habitat Component 2025 Goals2020 t , Cedar River Total connected floodplain acres between Total connected floodplain acres Lake Washington and Landsburg Diversion <1,105 acres Dam will be 1,170 acres by 2025. Average wood volume will quadruple over current basin conditions (RM 4 to Land Average volume rage wood <21 ragem3/1m Diversion Dam) by 2025. Sammamish River Areas of river will be cool enough to support <1 thermal refuge added Chinook salmon migration and survival (increase riparian cover and add thermal Net riparian cover added <20 acres refugia) by 2025. Streams Area of riparian cover in each Tier 1 and Varies by stream: cover in each (Bear/Cottage Lake, Tier 2 stream will increase by 10% over 2015 stream increases by <5% over 2015 Issaquah, Evans, conditions by 2025. conditions Kelsey, Little Bear, Average wood volume will double over Varies by stream: wood volume in North creeks) current basin conditions by 2025. each stream increases by <50% Lakes Natural lake shoreline' south of 1-90 (Lake Natural lake shoreline < X acres Washington) and throughout Lake (baseline assessment required) Sammamish will double over 2015 conditions by 2025. Natural riparian vegetation within 25 feet of Natural riparian vegetation restored shoreline south of 1-90 (Lake Washington) <30 acres and throughout Lake Sammamish will double over 2015 conditions by 2025. Nearshore (Pocket Pocket estuaries along WRIA 8 shoreline will <1 stream mouth/pocket estuary Estuaries) support juvenile Chinook salmon for rearing added and migration. '"Natural lake shoreline" is defined by the WRIA 8 Technical Committee as without bulkhead, with slope and substrate matching historic lakeshore contours for the area under consideration. Table A-4. WRIA 8 Habitat Goal Adaptive Management Triggers A-4. Effectiveness monitoring Assessment question: Did actions work as intended? b Effectiveness monitoring evaluates whether the specified activities had the desired effect — i.e., it monitors outcomes. It would answer questions such as, "Did the riparian planting project create effective shade cover?" or, "Did the floodplain reconnection project increase the amount of low- o velocity edge habitat at flood flows, and are the new habitats being used by Chinook?" or, "Did the a Critical Areas policy meet its goal of no net loss of shoreline habitat?" a Effectiveness monitoring can be applied to a strategy, a restoration project, an outreach and education } program, or a policy action. For restoration projects, effectiveness monitoring used in this context o is at the spatial scale of the project — i.e., effects are usually measured at the project site. Strategy, — program or policy effectiveness monitoring, where outcomes may be more diffuse, may be designed at a different scale. For example, an education program might investigate whether the program had a the desired effect on behaviors or attitudes related to habitat protection in a particular city, or on a demographic throughout the watershed. Specific effectiveness monitoring requirements should focus on projects where outcomes are uncertain, and should be based on the objectives and performance standards of the action. For instance, a floodplain reconnection project intended to increase shallow -water edge habitat at five- year flood flows by 50% over pre -project conditions would measure the amount of edge habitat gained by the project under those conditions, compared to the prior amount. Ideally, the project would also compare its before -and -after results to an appropriate local standard (control), or use another appropriate study design (Ron!, 2005). For projects with a hypothesized but uncertain direct effect on Chinook salmon, monitoring that effect (i.e., before -and -after snorkel monitoring) is strongly recommended. In many cases, a Before -After -Control -Impact (BACI) design is optimal (Roni, 2005). Effectiveness monitoring plans should answer the following management questions (PSAMM Steering Committee, 2007): • What is the hypothesis supporting the action? • What are the expected physical and biological changes and time frames for these changes? Effectiveness at a larger programmatic or watershed scale is often captured as "cumulative effectiveness" or status and trends monitoring, discussed in the next section. Specific guidance for all circumstances is beyond the scope of this document. However, good sources of information include the Pacific Northwest Aquatic Monitoring Partnership website at https://www. monitoringresources.org/Resources/Home/Index. Field methods for effectiveness monitoring are also described in Tetra Tech, 2014. WRIA 8 has created a website with links to relevant monitoring documents at http://www.govlink.org/watersheds/8/reports/default.asDx#tech. See also effectiveness monitoring information funded by the Washington State Recreation and Conservation Office at http://www.rco.wa.gov/doc—pages/othe[..pubs.shtml#monitoring. 3 Project effectiveness Guidance on study design and field methods can be found in Roni, 2005 and Tetra Tech, 2014. J Another important resource summarizing the research literature on fish -habitat relationships and the effectiveness of common restoration actions is Roni et al. (2014) Policy and Program effectiveness Examples of programmatic effectiveness monitoring include WRIA 8-funded outreach and education programs like Beach Naturalists, Cedar River Salmon Journey, and Stewardship in Action. Monitoring the effectiveness of policies and programs related to land use is not yet extensively developed in WRIA 8. One notable exception is a study assessing the effectiveness of Critical Areas rules in rural King County (Lucchetti et al., 2014). Other useful guidance for policy and plan effectiveness monitoring can be found online, e.g., www.gualityplanning.org.nz. Priority effectiveness metrics Effectiveness metrics depend on the action being implemented, and should be selected to monitor whether project outcomes are being achieved. High -impact projects with greater uncertainty are highest priority for effectiveness monitoring. A large body of literature exists documenting the effectiveness of many common restoration techniques (Boni et al., 2014). Projects with uncertainty around outcomes related to fish use are highest priority. The TC has identified the following project types as priorities for effectiveness monitoring: Instream habitat enhancement (based on placement of structures such as large woody debris, boulders, other hydraulic or cover elements) o Wood loading in Bear Creek and Issaquah Creek and elsewhere Shoreline restoration (specifically lacustrine and marine nearshore beach nourishment or bank restoration) Over -water structures (including dock modifications) Floodplain reconnection (including river levee setbacks and specifically the effectiveness of off - channel habitats) o Sammamish side channel reconnection and fish use • Thermal refuge creation and other projects designed to lower water temperatures • Water quality enhancement (e.g., effectiveness of project or outreach BMPs, stormwater retrofits for quality control, temperature and dissolved oxygen control, and other treatment targeting reduction in metals, nutrients, and other constituents) • Management of exotic species of flora and fauna • Predator control • Use of herbicides on aquatic species (where the goals of these projects target effects on salmon) and impacts of aquatic invasives on migration Note: The Project Subcommittee may work with TC to recommend monitoring to projects with greater uncertainty of outcomes. Reporting interval b Effectiveness monitoring reporting intervals vary depending on the activity, but reporting often occurs at the project 2, 5, and 10-year mark, or after significant events (e.g., a 10-year flood). The Technical w Committee will review reports and make adaptive recommendations as needed. nCollected/reported by: D Project sponsors should send effectiveness monitoring reports to the WRIA 8 TC. The TC will post the of w reports on the WRIA 8 website, review and summarize the information for the WRIA 8 SRC and other o_ interested groups when appropriate, and provide feedback to the project sponsors. Cost of effectiveness monitoring Effectiveness monitoring costs vary, depending on the project outcome to be monitored. Projects o should incorporate some degree of effectiveness monitoring into their budget, with more extensive o efforts when there is greater uncertainty about the effectiveness of a particular project or technique Z(see Roni et al., 2014 for a review of restoration activities and their known effectiveness). v o Adaptive Management trigger(s) `c An adaptive management response by the Technical Committee is required if effectiveness monitoring E results suggest that projects are not achieving their desired goals. The Technical Committee will N communicate any findings to project sponsors, as well as to the WRIA 8 Project Subcommittee or other o interested groups. 0 u A-5. Habitat status and trends monitoring °D Assessment question: Are salmon habitat conditions in the watershed improving or a declining? a Habitat status and trends (S&T) monitoring tracks and reports on overall watershed health. Because it Nis designed to provide a reliable picture of watershed habitat condition over time, it must collect key vinforMntinp thro, Oh t thQ xuatarshed in A Qygtomnlor and rigorous manner NOTE: Habitat status and trends monitoring currently is un-funded in WRIA 8. The recommendations presented in this section provide a framework for future habitat status and trends monitoring in WRIA 8 when funding or partnership opportunities with other monitoring agencies allow. v S&T Monitoring Purpose V o The purpose of S&T monitoring is to assess the overall condition of stream and riparian habitat along salmon streams in the WRIA 8 watershed over time, to inform adaptive management of the WRIA 8 Plan. It is intended to examine whether the sum of actions are leading to a net improvement in habitat 3 conditions in the watershed. As such, S&T monitoring takes a watershed -scale approach. m J The efficient use of limited monitoring resources requires WRIA 8 to work with partners and to rely on _ a small set of indicators to represent watershed health for salmon recovery. Much useful information requires only gathering and reporting information collected by other agencies (e.g., WQI, B-IBI). Table A-5 summarizes the indicators proposed by the TC and their relationships to WRIA 8 salmon recovery goals and strategies. .i Q 1C WRIA 8 Habitat Habitat Component Status Ecological and Trends Habitat Component Summary 1. Directly Measures Goal Progress; Applicable Goal Strategy Desktop (D) PSP Field Common Cedar and Sammamish Attribute Flootlplain Area of connected 2. Related to Strategy 1 or Cedar: Total connected flootlplaln acres or (F) Comments Protocol? Indicate,? D Y Desktop protocol: use moderate cmz as "flootlplaln" Rivers (Tier 1, connectivity floodplaln (acres) between Lake Washington and Landsburg nonwadeable) Diversion Dam will be 1,170 acres by 2025. Riparian extent %forest within 200 1 Increase riparian cover by at least 10% by D Y Desktop protocol; use mesa high and continuity feet of anadromous 2025 (Sammamish) Resolution landcover product streams (acres, %) Channel Wood volume (remotely 1 Cedar: Average wood volume will DIP Y Desktop (noes) or field based protocol complexity sensed/NOAA or quadruple over current basin conditions field data) (m'/100 m) (RM 4 to Landsburg Diversion Dam) by 2025, Water quality Water Quality Index 2 Improve water quality D Y Desktop exercise: use king county wq stations (WOO -- indicator of overall stream water quality Tier 1 and Tier 2 Channel Residual pool area 2 Protect/restore channel complexity F Y WSST protocol Wadeable Streams complexity (m2/100 m) Channel Wood volume (m3/100 m) 1 Average wood volume will double over F Y WSST protocol complexity current basin conditions by 2025. Sediment Percent sand/flne 2 Restore sediment processes necessary F N WSST protocol transport sediment I%) for key life stages and storage Riparian %forest within 200 1 Area of riparian cover in each Tier 1 and D Y Desktop protocol; use noes high extent and feet of anadromous Tier 2 stream wil l Increase by 10%over Resolution landcover product continuity streams (acres, %) 2015 conditions by 2025. Water quality/ Benthic Index of Biotic 2 Improve water quality D N Desktop exercise: use pssb database watershed Integrity(B-IBI) — indicator of overall stream health health Water quality Water Quality Index 2 Improve water quality D Y Desktop exercise: use king county wq stations (WQI) — indicator of overall stream water quality Lakes Riparian %natural riparian 1 Natural riparian vegetation within 25 feet of D N Desktop protocol; use noaa high extent and vegetation within shoreline south of 1-90 (Lake Washington) Resolution landcover product continuity 25 feet ofshorelfne and throughout Lake Sammamish will double (%, acres) over 2015 conditions by 2025. Rearing habitat Linear feet of 1 Natural lake shoreline south of 1-90 (Lake F N Field protocol (to be developed from extent and 'natural' shallow Washington) and throughout Lake Previous shoreline surveys) complexity shoreline area (feet) Sammamish will double over 2015 conditions by 2025. Habitat Percent of stream mouths 2 Reconnect and enhance creek mouths D N Desktop exercise. Long term goal would be 100%; connectivity accessible tojuvenfle highest priority in N and S ends of lakes Chinook (%) Uplands Spatial extent Acres of forested 2 Protect/restore forest cover and D N Useful to track to discern trends. Desktop protocol; of forest cover land Inside and headwater areas use NOAA high resolution landcover product or outside UGA (acres) LandSat C-CAP product to compare to previous status Marine shorelines- Habitat Percent of nearshore 1 Pocket estuaries along WRIA 8 shoreline D/F Y Desktop CIS exercise, with some field work (survey pocket estuaries connectivity stream mouths accessible will supportjuvenile Chinook salmon for stream mouths/culverts) Includes non -natal stream tojuvenile Chinook (%) rearing and migration. mouths ofwatersheds> 110 acres (T. Zxekey research) Lake Wash ington/Cedar/Sammannish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 rn 0 N Management questions: 1. Status: What is the condition of streams, rivers and lakes in WRIA 8 based on common attributes? 2. Trends: Are conditions of streams, rivers, and lakes changing overtime? S&T Monitoring Elements The WRIA 8 S&T program is comprised of two elements: 1) a field component; 2) a remote -sensing and GIS component. Field -based S&T monitoring The WRIA 8 wadeable streams element of field -based monitoring will follow the design and methods used in the King County/WRIA 8 Status and Trends Monitoring Project (King County, 2015). The non - wadeable elements (rivers and lakes) will follow other methods, detailed below. Study area. Wadeable streams, and rivers and lakes used by salmon in the Lake Washington/ Cedar/ Sammamish (WRIA 8) watershed. Study design. For the wadeable streams portion, the TC recommends re -sampling the study sites used in the 2010-2013 King County/WRIA 8 status and trends project (King County, 2015). This project used a Generalized Random Tessellation Stratified (GRTS) design, which can produce a spatially balanced probability -based survey design (Stevens and Olsen, 2004; Olsen et al., 2012). Because this survey design is spatially balanced and probabilistic, it can be used to extrapolate the observed metric values from the relatively small number of sites sampled to the larger population. In 2009-2010, King County and WRIA 8 established 50 sampling locations on Tier 1, 2 and 3 streams throughout the watershed; these sites were selected from the Washington Master Sample and sampled annually from 2010-2013. The TC recommends continuing to monitor these established sites. For the rivers and lakes portion, the TC recommends a full longitudinal survey of the Cedar (downstream from Landsburg) and Sammamish rivers, the entire Lake Sammamish shoreline, and the Lake Washington shoreline (including Mercer Island) south of the Interstate 90 bridge. Sampling frequency. The TC recommends annual sampling for the wadeable streams portion. For replicated metrics with medium to high precision, reasonably high power to detect moderate levels of change (i.e., from 1 to 3 percent per year) is generally not achieved until 10 or more years, if sampled annually (Larsen et al., 2004; King County, 2015). Sampling less frequently would impede the ability to detect change for 20 or more years. The rivers and lakes surveys should be performed every five years to inform reporting and adaptive management. Initial results should be reported in 2020; therefore, field work should be completed by 2019 or earlier. Sampling protocol and quality assurance. The TC recommends using the Washington Department of Ecology Protocol for Wadeable Streams (WDOE, 2009), as outlined in the WRIA 8 Wadeable Streams Status and Trends Project (King County, 2015). Data storage and analysis is significantly streamlined by using electronic based data collection forms and transmitting the electronic information directly into the Ecology Environmental Information Management (EIM) System. River wood volume surveys can use either the Ecology protocol for wide streams and rivers (WDOE, 2010) or another approach, e.g., as outlined in the PSP Chinook Monitoring and Adaptive Management Toolkit (PSP, 2016). The lake surveys (linear feet of natural shoreline) will use methods as in Toft et al. (2003). For wadeable streams, data collection and storage should follow guidelines for the Ecology EIM. Consult the WRIA 8 S&T project documentation (King County, 2015) for details. Rivers and lakes data will be maintained in Excel spreadsheets by the WRIA 8 Technical Coordinator. Wadeable streams metrics will include measures of the components of variance and levels of precision. Cumulative distribution function (CDF) plots will be used to quantify metrics extrapolated over the target sample — frame (refer to the S&T project report for methods). UJ Reporting interval F a a Wadeable streams data are collected annually, and reported every five years. Rivers and lakes data are D collected and reported every five years. w Collected/reported by: Entities responsible for data collection and reporting will depend on funding, partnerships, and capacity of partner agencies. Communication of findings to the WRIA 8 IC and SRC will be by the TC m and WRIA 8 staff. a C O Reporting format Reporting should generally follow the format published in King County (2015) for status and trends, and should include trend detection analyses as in the WRIA 8 Wadeable Streams Status and Trends i0 Project. Cost of status and trends field monitoring 0 M Cost depends on final scope, objectives and potential partnerships with other agencies. With o efficiencies gained by using existing databases, protocols, and field sites, the TC estimates the current o annual cost for a streamlined wadeable streams monitoring program at approximately $100,000 per v year. Rivers and lakes monitoring is estimated at approximately $50,000 every five years. 00 Remote sensing and other data WRIA 8 relies on aerial photographs and data products acquired from other agencies to monitor status and trends of land cover and water quality in the watershed. Most GIS analysis can be performed by King County under existing work programs in its capacity as service provider to the WRIA 8 SRC. High -resolution land cover data using 2015 aerial photography were provided to some Puget Sound counties (NOAA, 2017), and should be available at five-year intervals from NOAA. Some products or analyses may need to be purchased in the future. Priority remote sensing and other metrics Priority metrics for status and trends of remotely sensed data should follow regional guidelines and protocols where available. The TC recommends that the following information be collected: 1) Forest cover (NOAA High Resolution Land Cover); 2) Floodplain area (King County GIS); 3) Water Quality Index for WRIA 8 WO stations (King County Streams Monitoring Website); 4) Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity scores for WRIA 8 streams (King County Ambient Monitoring Program). Riparian forest cover Management question: What is the extent of forested riparian cover along streams and lakes in the watershed? Is riparian forest cover increasing or decreasing, and at what rate? Geographic extent: All Tier 1 and Tier 2 salmon streams in WRIA 8, Lake Washington and Lake Sammamish. Data sources • NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program High -Resolution Land Cover and Change (C-CAP; 2015 coverage in process — to be updated every five years starting in 2020): (GIS coverage) • Local streams GIS layer (county data — also should have coverage that depicts anadromous (salmon) streams. • Other local datasets (e.g., Urban Growth Area boundaries, jurisdictional boundaries, zoning) Methods 1. Extract land cover into GIS and clip to watershed boundary. 2. Load appropriate stream layer into GIS with other relevant local datasets. 3. Create a 200' buffer around the anadromous stream layer. (NOTE: Other widths, e.g. 50' etc., may be informative.) a. For Lake Washington and Lake Sammamish, create a 25' buffer around the lake shoreline (Lake Washington south of Interstate 90 and entire Lake Sammamish) 4. Compute the total area inside the buffered area for each stream/lake. Compute the total area classified as "Forest" 5. Calculate % of forested land cover for each stream/lake: %forested area = (forested area/total area) x 100. Reporting interval Information should be assessed and reported in five year intervals, as land cover data become available from NOAA. Collected/reported by: King County GIS as directed by WRIA 8 TC. Reporting format Memo from TC to the WRIA 8 SRC. Area of connected floodplain Management question: What is the area of floodplain connected to its channel? Is connected floodplain area increasing or decreasing, and at what rate? Geographic extent: All salmon streams with mapped floodplains in WRIA S. Data sources • King County Rivers GIS layer • King County Channel Migration Zone GIS layer (or mapped floodplain layer if CMZ is not mapped) • King County flood facilities GIS layer (i.e., levees, revetments etc., including private facilities) • Local roads GIS layer • Local aerial photography in GIS NOTE: This metric depends upon accurate mapping of flood control facilities, including private facilities. Mapping should involve periodic field updates. In WRIA 8, a field survey of private flood facilities was last completed in 2015. Methods 1. Load appropriate mapping and floodplain (CMZ) layers into GIS with other relevant local datasets. Load flood facilities and roads layers. o N 2. Verify floodplain (CMZ) layer is accurately represented, with no added or missing features. — 3. Compute the total floodplain area (in acres) for each stream inside the WRIA. a 4. In GIS, manually delineate disconnected floodplain areas, defined as those areas separated from a the river by roads, levees, revetments, railroad embankments, etc. Compute total area (in acres) of D disconnected floodplain. < 5. Calculate % of connected floodplain for each stream with a mapped floodplain: % connected o floodplain = [(total area — disconnected area)/total area] x 100. — Reporting interval Information should be assessed and reported at five year intervals. a 0 Collected/reported by z King County GIS as directed by WRIA 8 TC. Reporting format 0 U WRIA 8 TC will produce a memo to the WRIA 8 SRC. E Water Quality Index (WQI) Y WQI is a unitless number from 1 to 100 that integrates annual stream water quality monitoring data for temperature, pH, fecal coliform bacteria, dissolved oxygen, total suspended sediment, turbidity, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen into a single score. Constituents are combined and results are aggregated over time to produce a single score for each sample station. Stations scoring 80 and above generally meet Ecology expectations for water quality and are of "lowest concern," scores 40 to 80 indicate "marginal concern," and water quality at stations with scores below 40 do not meet expectations and are of "highest concern" (WDOE, 2002). Scores can be acquired from the King County Water Quality monitoring unit: http://green2.kingcounty.gov/streamsdata/wgl.aspx. Because WQI integrates a number of important water quality metrics, it is a useful tool for tracking overall water quality over time. However, since the metric integrates many constituents into a single score, the information may not be enough to indicate specific adaptive management responses. Nevertheless, WQI can indicate whether the sum of actions in a stream basin are sufficient to maintain or improve water quality. Therefore, the TC recommends collecting and reporting the WQI to the SRC. Reporting interval Information should be assessed and reported at five year intervals. Collected/reported by WRIA 8 TC. Reporting format WRIA 8 TC will produce a memo indicating WQI status and trends to the WRIA 8 SRC. Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity (B-IBI) Like WQI, B-IBI is a unitless number from 1-100 that integrates a number of components into a single score to compare the biological condition of streams. Sites scoring 80 and above are considered in "excellent" condition, scores from 60-79 are "good," 40-59 are "fair," 20-39 are "poor," and 0-19 are "very poor." (PSSB, 2017). Scores can be downloaded from the Puget Sound Stream Benthos website: http://www.pugetsoundstreambenthos.org/. Because B-IBI integrates a number of metrics indicating biological condition, it is a useful tool for tracking the overall biological health of a stream system. However, since B-IBI integrates many constituents into a single score, the information does not lend itself to providing specific adaptive management recommendations. Nevertheless, like WQI, B-IBI can indicate whether the sum of actions in a stream basin are sufficient to maintain or improve water quality. Therefore, the TC recommends collecting and reporting B-IBI to the SRC. Reporting interval Information should be assessed and reported at five year intervals. Collected/reported by WRIA 8 TC. Reporting format WRIA 8 TC will produce a memo indicating B-IBI status and trends to the WRIA 8 SRC. A-6. Chinook salmon status and trends monitoring Assessment question: Do the sum of actions lead to improved Chinook salmon viability? Chinook salmon status and trends monitoring in WRIA 8 generally consists of state efforts augmented by grant -funded assistance from WRIA 8 partners. In that context, WDFW and partners annually conduct Chinook spawner surveys (redd count method) on all Tier 1 and 2 streams, and juvenile outmigrant trapping on Bear Creek and the Cedar River, Abundance: Annual spawner surveys are conducted on all streams with regular Chinook spawning (Cedar River and its tributaries, Bear/Cottage Lake, Issaquah, Little Bear, North, Kelsey, May, and Coal creeks). Trained crews survey each stream weekly during the spawning season (Cedar River is surveyed more frequently). Method of deriving abundance estimate for all streams except the Cedar River is Area -Under -the -Curve. For the Cedar River population, surveys via inflatable raft and foot are performed at least weekly for the entire portion of the river and tributaries accessible to Chinook salmon, and up to three times per week during the peak spawning season. The survey is considered a census of the complete river, though redd detection efficiency is acknowledged to depend on light conditions, flow level and turbidity (Burton et al., 2016). Adult abundance on the Cedar River is estimated by a redd expansion factor of 2.5 fish per redd (WDFW, 2017). Proportion of natural -origin spawners (PNOS) is estimated from weekly carcass surveys to detect the presence or absence of adipose fins or coded wire tags. Juvenile abundance is calculated for the Cedar River and Bear/Cottage Lake Creek byjuvenile outmigrant trapping conducted annually by WDFW (Kiyohara, 2016). Productivity: Adult -adult productivity is computed by two methods. WDFW calculates productivity annually using PNOS and age data collected during carcass surveys on Bear Creek and the Cedar River, combined with run reconstruction methods using FRAM modeling (Bosworth, personal communication). In its 2015 status review of Chinook salmon, NOAA estimated the productivity as the trend of the log of the smoothed natural -origin spawning abundance in year t minus the smoothed natural spawning abundance in year (t-4), where results below zero indicate populations below replacement (NWFSC, 2015). Juvenile productivity is measured by the number of juvenile migrants from Bear Creek and the Cedar River produced per female spawner that contributed to the outmigrating brood year (Kiyohara, 2017). Average fecundity is assumed to be 4,500 eggs per female. Two life -history forms of sub -yearling Chinook salmon are observed in WRIA 8: small fry migrating immediately after emergence, and larger parr that rear in freshwater for some time (usually one to three months) before migrating. Because the survival rate of parr migrants is unknown, an overall juvenile survival rate is calculated combining both fry and parr migrants and reported annually (Kiyohara, 2017). Distribution: WRIA 8 calculates the spatial distribution of Chinook salmon in the watershed by conducting annual spawner surveys on all Tier 1 and Tier 2 Chinook spawning streams in the watershed. Diversity: Carcass surveys are performed at least weekly during the spawning season on Bear Creek and the Cedar River to estimate the proportion of hatchery -origin Chinook spawners (PHOS) in WRIA 8 streams. Scales are collected from carcasses to determine the age distribution of returning Chinook. Ages are estimated by WDFW staff using the Gilbert -Rich system (total age of the fish with freshwater age as the subscript). Reporting interval Status is reported to the WRIA 8 SRC during annual presentations. Trends are reported to the SRC at approximately five year intervals. Collected/reported by The WRIA 8 TC compiles reports and other information from partner agencies. Reporting format Annual presentations to WRIA 8 SRC and five-year written reports. Cost of Chinook status and trends monitoring Chinook status and trends monitoring is currently funded through grants and partnerships between King County, Seattle, Bellevue, Redmond, USACE and WDFW. Juvenile outmigrant trapping at Bear Creek and the Cedar River and associated reporting, including PIT tagging, detection and reporting at the Ballard Locks, costs approximately $340,000 per year (cost to be updated to include USACE contribution). Adult spawner surveys of all Tier 1 and Tier 2 streams in WRIA 8 costs approximately $XXX,000 per year. [cost information to be added] r, 0 N w Q a 7 w 0 A-7. Emerging issues assessment In 2015, WRIA 8 hosted a technical forum assembling fisheries scientists and technical experts in salmon recovery issues in the watershed. Participants proposed the following priority -level rankings of limiting factors to recovery. These constitute an outline for a prioritized science agenda to advance recovery and support implementation of the 2017 Plan. (A full summary of the forum and presentations can be found online at http://wwwgoviink org/watersheds/8/committees/l5TechFrm/default.aspx ) First -tier priorities: Ballard Locks and Ship Canal operations — effects of high temperature, low dissolved oxygen, and concomitant decreased resistance of salmonids to disease/parasites Rearing and refuge — lack of woody debris and floodplain connectivity (levees, revetments) and other features of adequate instream rearing habitat Lake survival — especially the effects of artificial light and predation (predation in Ship Canal may be a key limiting factor) • High water temperature — especially in the Ship Canal and Sammamish River Other important priorities: • Water quality — stormwater, toxic loading of phthalates, and dialysis drugs; are current stormwater regulations and treatment standards adequate? • Streamflows — both winter and summer • Invasive aquatic vegetation Other limiting factors with potentially large impacts: • Piers and docks • Genetic introgression or other issues related to hatchery operations In addition, the WRIA 8 TC identified the following critical monitoring needs to track indicators associated with key recovery goals: • Juvenile outmigrant trapping • Spawner surveys • Wood volume surveys on all Tier 1 and Tier 2 streams • Lakeshore surveys: length of natural bank profile, bulkheads, overwater structures • Remote sensing: high -resolution land cover mapping of forest cover and impervious surfaces • Assessment of pocket estuaries and coastal streams entering Puget Sound References Beechie, T.J., B. Timpane-Padgham, O. Stefankiv, J. Hall, G. Pess, M. Liermann, M. Rowse, K. Fresh, and M. Ford. 2017. Monitoring salmon habitat status and trends in Puget Sound: development of sample o N designs, monitoring metrics, and sampling protocols for large river, floodplain, delta, and nearshore _ environments. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC-137. Burton, C., B. Craig, and D. Lantz. 2015. Cedar River Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshowytscha) o Redd and Carcass Surveys: Annual Report, Return Year 2015. Seattle Public Utilities, Seattle, WA. Crawford, B. A., and S. M. Rumsay. 2011. Guidance for Monitoring Recovery of Pacific Northwest o: w Salmon & Steelhead listed under the Federal Endangered Species Act. National Marine Fisheries o Service, NW Region. Seattle, WA. Ebersole, J. L., W. J. Liss, and C. A. Frissell. 2003. Cold water patches in warm streams: physicochemical characteristics and the influence of shading. JAWRA Journal of the American Water a Resources Association 39:355-368. C s Fox, M., and S. Bolton. 2007. A regional and geomorphic reference for quantities and volumes of instream wood in unmanaged forested basins of Washington State. North American Journal of o Fisheries Management 27:342-359. v King County. 2015. Monitoring for Adaptive Management: Status and Trends of Aquatic and Riparian c 0 E Habitats in the Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8). King County Water and Land Vn Resources Division. Seattle, Washington http://Vour.kingcountv.gov/dnrp/library/2015/kcr2671.pdf o Kiyohara, K. 2017. Evaluation of juvenile salmon production in 2016 from the Cedar River and Bear 0 C Creek. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Fish Program Science Division. Olympia, WA. http://wdfw.wa.gov/publications/01901/. a Konrad, C., K. Burton, R. Little, A.D. Gendaszek, M.D. Munn, and S.C. Anderson. (in press). 3 Characterizing aquatic habitats with an emphasis on side channels for long-term monitoring of a s fourth -order, regulated river in the Pacific Northwest, USA. River Research and Applications. i2 0 Larsen, D. P., P. Kaufmann, T. M. Kincaid, and N. S. Urquhart. 2004. Detecting persistent changes in the habitat of salmon -bearing streams in the Pacific Northwest. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 61:283-291. E m Lucchetti, G., J. Burkey, C. Gregersen, L. Fore, C. Knutson, J. Latterell, P. McCombs, R. Timm, J. E Vanderhoof, and J. Wilhelm. 2014. Assessing land use effects and regulatory effectiveness on streams V) in rural watersheds of King County, Washington. Prepared by Water and Land Resources Division. a Seattle, Washington. McElhany, P., M.H. Ruckelshaus, M.J. Ford, T.C. Wainwright, and E.P. Bjorkstedt. 2000. Viable salmonid c populations and the recovery of evolutionarily significant units. U.S. Dept. Commec, NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-NWFSC-42,156 p. https://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/assets/25/6190 06162004 143739 tm42 pdf National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 2017 (draft). Coastal Change Y Analysis Program (C-CAP) High Resolution Land Cover Data for WRIA 8 (2015). National Ocean Service, Office of Coastal Management. Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC). 2015. Status review update for Pacific salmon and n 0 N w F- LU 0 steelhead listed under the Endangered Species Act: Pacific Northwest. http://www.westcoastlisheries. noaa.gov/publications/status reviews/salmon steel head/2016/2016 nwfsc pdf. Olsen, A.R., T.M. Kincaid, and P. Quinn. 2012. Spatially balanced survey designs for natural resources. Chapter 6, R. Gibson, J. Millspaugh, A. Cooper, D. Licht led.), Design and Analysis of Long -Term Ecological Monitoring Studies. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. pp. 126-150. Roni, P., editor. 2005. Monitoring stream and watershed restoration. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD. Puget Sound Adaptive Management and Monitoring (PSAMM) Steering Committee. 2007 Monitoring and adaptive management plan (draft). October 31, 2007 Puget Sound Partnership (PSP). 2016. Chinook Monitoring and Adaptive Management Toolkit (Version 3.0). November, 2016. https:Hpspwa.app.box.com/s/ffc9lgnOxidamodOk8fvmv00808figi0 Accessed June 2017. Puget Sound Recovery Implementation Technical Team (PSRITT). 2015. Puget Sound Chinook salmon recovery: A framework for the development of monitoring and adaptive management plans. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-NWFSC-130. doi:10.7289/V5/TM-NWFSC-130. Puget Sound Stream Benthos (PSSB) website. 2017. Accessed June 17, 2017 http://www.pugetsoundstreambenthos.org/About-BIBI.asr)x Roni, P., G.R. Pess, T.J. Beechie, and K.M. Hanson. 2014. Fish -habitat relationships and the effectiveness of habitat restoration. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-NWFSC-127. https://www.nwfsc.noaa gov/assets/25/7422 08122014 141405 FishHabRelationshipsTM127WebFinal pdf Stevens, D.L„ Jr., and A.R. Olsen. 2004. Spatially balanced sampling of natural resources. Journal of the American Statistical Association 99:262-278. Tetra Tech. 2014. SRFB Reach -Scale Project Effectiveness Program Monitoring. http://www.rco.wa.gov/ documents/monitoring/2014Report.pdf Toft, J., C. Simenstad, C. Young, and L. Stamatiou. 2003. Inventory and Mapping of City of Seattle Shorelines along Lake Washington, the Ship Canal, and Shilshole Bay. Draft Report to City of Seattle, School of Aquatic and Fisheries Resources, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 33 pp. Torgersen, C. E., J. L. Ebersole, and D. Keenan. 2012. Primer for identifying cold -water refuges to protect and restore thermal diversity in riverine landscapes. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Washington Department of Ecology (WDOE). 2009. Status and trends monitoring for watershed health and salmon recovery: Field data collection protocol, wadeable streams. Environmental Assessment Program. Olympia, WA. http://www.ecywa.gov/programs/eap/stsmf/docs/0lSnTWadeab]eManA-Vv3bhfl pdf Washington Department of Ecology (WDOE). 2010. Status and trends monitoring for watershed health and salmon recovery: Field data collection protocol, wide streams and rivers. Environmental Assessment Program. Olympia, WA. http://www.ecywa.gov/programs/eap/stsmf/docs/01-27-10DRAFT W H S R_ R i ve rs_M a n u a I, p df Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW). 2017. Retrieved from https://fortress.wa.gov/dfw/ score/score/species/population_details.isp?stockld=1144. June 5, 2017. WRIA 8 Steering Committee. 2005. Final Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan. Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA) 8, Seattle, WA. http://www.goviink. org/watersheds/8/planning/chinook-conservation-plan.aspx Plan Update Process In developing the 2005 Plan, the WRIA 8 Salmon Recovery Council set an initial 10-year time horizon 0 N for implementation, with the expectation that the plan would be updated after 10 years. To initiate the — plan update process, WRIA 8 hosted a watershed summit in early 2016, convening salmon recovery LU partners to report on 10 years of progress implementing the 2005 Plan, share the status of Chinook o salmon recovery, re -energize partners for the next phase of recovery work, and discuss emerging Z) challenges and opportunities. Following the summit, the TC developed a new Chinook salmon life a stage conceptual model to better identify when and where in the watershed certain human pressures } have the greatest impact on Chinook salmon survival and to highlight the resulting priority life stages on which to focus recovery strategies and actions. The TC then rated the human pressures on Chinook — salmon survival to identify the pressures that pose the greatest threat to recovery (referred to as the m "pressures assessment"). In a series of workshops, the TC and WRIA 8 Implementation Committee a (IC) used the conceptual model and pressures assessment to develop a set of 20 new and revised o recovery strategies that guide implementation of recovery actions. Concurrent with developing the strategies, the TC reviewed the Chinook salmon population recovery goals from the 2005 Plan. The TC recommended, and the Salmon Recovery Council approved, retaining the existing Chinook salmon population recovery goals. The TC and the IC then developed a suite of habitat restoration goals for the most important WRIA 8 habitat. The 2017 Plan also describes the adaptive management approach that guides how we track and report progress towards implementing recovery strategies and goals. During the plan update process, roughly February 2016 to September 2017, the TC and IC were heavily engaged in developing and reviewing elements of the 2017 plan. The Salmon Recovery Council received regular updates at bimonthly meetings, and made decisions on elements of the 2017 Plan at key milestones, such as approving Chinook salmon population recovery goals, recovery strategies, and habitat goals (Figure B-1). Update conceptual model Identify crucial ecosystem components Identify key ecological attributes and indicators Identify key pressures affecting components Document strategies, actions, and adaptive management processes Set goals for desired future conditions (habitat plus fish) Monitor progress and adapt management Figure B-1. Plan Update Process 0 N APPENDIX C WRIA 8 Pressures Assessment During the Plan update process, the WRIA 8 Technical Committee (TC) estimated the intensity of the most important known sources of human -caused stress to Chinook salmon and salmon habitat in the WRIA 8 watershed. This "pressures assessment" was based on current scientific research and local knowledge of conditions in each habitat used by Chinook salmon. The pressures assessment rated the scope, severity and irreversibility of each important stressor to Chinook salmon at each life stage and habitat component for both WRIA 8 Chinook populations. These ratings were entered into a regional conservation planning tool (Miradi) to create a summary that constitutes thejudgement of the TC on the relative impacts of each stressor to Chinook salmon in the watershed. The WRIA 8 pressures assessment began with the list of 47 stressors developed by the Puget Sound Partnership as part of the effort to create a common regional 'language' for Chinook and Puget Sound Recovery (PSP, 2014). As part of what was known as "Phase 1" of a PSP-led Monitoring & Adaptive Management process, the TC first classified each stressor on a scale of 1-5 (5 denoting the highest negative impact). With a few exceptions, stressors that were classified below 2.5 in the 2014 assessment were not carried forward for further prioritization. A few others, noted below, were combined to simplify the assessment. This initial filtering and combining process reduced the total number of stressors subsequently assessed to 35. The TC concurrently developed a life -cycle based conceptual model, and incorporated that knowledge into the pressures assessment by considering each stressor in relation to each life stage of both populations. This approach is somewhat aligned with WDFW's approach to managing species based on life stages and life -cycle modeling in the Columbia Basin and elsewhere. With this approach, estimates of impacts were focused on the specific locations used by Chinook salmon in WRIA 8 during the specific times and life stages Chinook occupy them. Next, the TC reviewed the links between stressors and components (Chinook habitats and life stages for each population), and rated the impact of each stressor on each component. The pressures assessment rated each stressor/component pair low, medium, high, or very high in terms of scope, severity and irreversibility according to regional definitions (see below). (If a stressor was hypothesized to have no impact on a particular life stage, the component pair was not rated.) Note that a score of low or medium is not meant to convey that the pressure is unimportant, but rather that relative to other pressures, it is not the most widespread or severe for that life stage. Life Stage Components Used for Rankings The following life stages match those identified in the conceptual model, which represents the basis of TC assumptions and working knowledge of Chinook in WRIA 8. The two WRIA 8 Chinook populations were rated separately due to their different experiences in the watershed. Migration - Cedar population (returning adults) Migration - Sammamish population (returning adults) Spawning - Cedar population Spawning - Sammamish population Incubation and emergence - Cedar population Incubation and emergence - Sammamish population Stream rearing - Sammamish population cil Downstream migration - Sammamish population 0 N Lake rearing - Sammamish population Stream rearing - Cedar population w o Downstream migration - Cedar population Lake rearing - Cedar population r Migration to Puget Sound- Sammamish and Cedar populations Nearshore foraging - Sammamish and Cedar populations Maturation (Marine Waters) - Sammamish and Cedar populations m a 0 Pressure Rating Definitions SCOPE: Most commonly defined spatially as the proportion of the habitat component (life stage + v geography) that can reasonably be expected to be affected by the pressure within ten years given U the continuation of current circumstances and trends. For ecosystem and ecological communities, o measured as the proportion of the component's occurrence. E m Low: The pressure is likely to be very narrow in its scope, affecting the component across a small (1- o 10%) proportion of the area/population. 0 Medium: The pressure is likely to be restricted in its scope, affecting the component across some (-11- U 30%) of the area/population. < The pressure is likely to be widespread in its scope, affecting the component across much (-31- 70%) of the area/population. a v Very High: The pressure is likely to be pervasive in its scope, affecting the component across all or v most ('71-100%) of the area/population. SEVERITY: Within the scope, the level of damage to the component from the pressure that can reasonably be expected given the continuation of current circumstances and trends. E E Low: Within the scope, the pressure is likely to slightly degree/reduce the component or reduce its E population by -1-10% within ten years or three generations. Medium: Within the scope, the pressure is likely to moderately degrade/reduce the component or V reduce its population by ^'11-30% within ten years or three generations. o Within the scope, the pressure is likely to seriously degrade/reduce the component or reduce its 0 __ population by-31-70% within ten years or three generations. 3 Very High: Within the scope, the pressure is likely to destroy or eliminate the component or reduce its s population by-71-100% within ten years or three generations. 0 IRREVERSIBILITY (PERMANENCE): The degree to which the effects of a pressure can be reversed and the component affected by the pressure restored o Low: The effects of the pressure are easily reversible and the component can be easily restored at a relatively low cost and/or within 0-5 years. F Medium: The effects of the pressure can be reversed and the component can be restored with a o reasonable commitment of resources and/or within 6-20 years. a I iigh: The effects of the pressure can technically be reversed and the component restored, but it is not w practically affordable and/or within 21-100 years. r, o Very High: The effects of the pressure cannot be reversed and it is very unlikely the component can — be restored, and/or it would take more than 100 years to achieve this. Results: The summary results are shown in Table 1. The rating for each pressure to component pair is performed in Miradi using an algorithm to weigh scope, severity and irreversibility. A rating of Low, Medium, High or Very High is assigned to all relevant relationships (a blank cell indicates no significant relationship is hypothesized between the pressure and life stage). The TC highlighted high or very high pressures for the most important life stages to address first. Climate impacts are reflected in the results. By considering altered peak flows, temperatures and predation, which are predicted to be exacerbated in WRIA 8 by continued climate change, the ratings reflect current and predicted worsening through the severity and irreversibility ratings. The life stages identified for the WRIA 8 Chinook Recovery Plan update process as the highest priority are lake rearing, stream rearing, and migration (both downstream migrants and returning adults). The high and very high pressures for each priority life stage were summarized and were presented to a workshop of WRIA 8 TC and Implementation Committee (IC) members in August of 2016. The joint workshop analyzed the current recovery strategies in relation to the pressures and developed new strategies where needed. Some pressures were only relevant or highly rated for one of the populations; therefore, strategies have a geographic specificity reflected in the recovery strategies and associated actions. At a high level, the pressures assessment process and workshops confirmed the following pressures as most important to address in WRIA 8 for Chinook salmon recovery: • Land conversion • Levees • Shoreline armoring • Altered peak flows Increased water temperatures Predation (native and non-native species) Ballard Locks (fish passage) References Puget Sound Partnership (PSP). 2014. Puget Sound pressure assessment — stressor definitions. https://docs.google.com/. Accessed July 18, 2017, 9 is n C rD WRIA 8 Pressures Assessment by life stage Version:2017-06-29 Pressure Ratings - Summary Table NOTES: C = Cedar Population: S = Sammamish Population. Life stages as in WRIA 8 Conceptual Model Pressures C-Adult S-Adult C- s- C-Inc& S-Inc& S- C- S- C- S-Lake C-Lake S&C-n S&C-S&C- Components Migration Migration Spawnin Spawnin Emerge Emerge Stream stream Dnstrm Dnstrm Rearing Rearing Migratio Nearshore Maturation g g Rearing Rearing Migration Migration to Ps Foraging 01.1 Conversion of Ind cover for `Medium Medium Medium Medium High High High residential, commercial, and industrial use 01.3 Conversion of land cover for high Medium Medium Medium High transportation & utilities 02 Terrestrial Medium Medium habitat fragmentation 03 Shoreline Low Medium High high High High High High High High High hardening 04 Shading of Medium Medium shallow water habitat 05.1 Ballard Locks High Very High 05.2 Culverts and Low High other fish passage barriers 07.1 Terrestrial and Medium Medium high High Medmm i'' High High High High freshwater species disturbance in human dominated areas 10.1 Altered peak Low Medium Low high Low High High Medium Low Low flows from land cover change 11.1 Altered low Low Medium Low Medium Low Medium Low Low Low Low flows from land cover change 11.3 Altered low Low Medium Low Medium Low Low Low Low Low Low flows from withdrawals 13.1 In channel Low Low Low Low Iliuh high High Low High High High High stmctural barriers to water, sediment, a -.W ' - mogii.. debris flows 132 Levees and Medium Medium Ilish Ili_eh Very High H_h High High Revertants 14Animal harvest Medium 17.1 Predation from NI& Medium Mediull ediwn high High High High High High High increased native I I I I I I I I I L-1 species Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 N ... t 17.2 Displacement edium Medium Medium Medium by increased native ..:: .......:..... :........_ .,- species 18.1 Predation from High High High High Medium Medium I-lieh non-native species 21.1 Point source. Low 14 Medium Medium Medium persistenttoxic - chemicals in aquatic systems 21.2 Non -point Lo+e Low Low Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium source, persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic systems 22.1 Point source, Low Law Medium Medium Medium non -persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic systems 22.2 Non -point Lo+v Low Low Low Medium Medium high Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium source, non - persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic systems 24.2 Non -point Low Low Low Low Low High High Low Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium source conventional water pollutants 24.3 Changes in Medium High Low Mcdium Low Low High MecOom Medium Medium High High High water temperature from local causes 26.1 Changing air Medium High Low Medium Low Low Medium Medium Medium Medium High High High temperature 26.4 Changing High High ocean condition 01.2 Conversion of Low Low Low Low Low land cover for natural resources production 7.2 Terrestrial and freshwater species disturbances in natural landscapes 08 Species Medium disturbances - marine 10.2 Altered peak Medium Medium High high Medium Medium Very High I1i_eh Medium Medium Flows from climate change 11.2 Altered low Pugh"okv '> 1. High Low Medium Medium Medium Low Law Flows from climate a rnz '' 'a'1 change ,e',+y,+it ,� , 12 Flow regulation Medium Mediun -- prevention of flood flows 15 Bycatch 'Cdw 23 Large Spills 24.1 Point source conventional water pollutants 26.3 Sea level rise Lake Wash ington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Pressure Rating Details S - Spawning Pressure Scope Severity Irreversibility Summary Pressure Rating Comments 11.3, 11.3 Altered low flows from ium, Medium High Low flows during adult spawning withdrawals period (from wells) are possible, " potentially delaying or preventing migration to spawning streams. See Tributary streamflow document (Tributary Streamflow Technical Committee 2006). Highest need/ importance/benefits to be seen in Bear, EF Issaquah, Issaquah and Rock Creek, also augmenting cold '' ......:............._,,., _ water inflows to Sammamish. 13.1. 13.1 In channel structural Low Medium barriers m water, sediment, debris - flows 13.2. 13.2 Levees and Revetments Medium �'y fir-:,, I11_211 Medium This pressure includes levees and revetments. Effect on spawning _ _.. .000w-- -" `-' -^ habitat to the extent it restricts - creation of side channels (used by --- -^ -'! `----•^�r-•--�,, Chinook for spawning) or affects the natural delivery and deposition of spawning gravel, 01.2. 01.2 Conversion of land cover ' orr Low Low Low Current natural resource production for natural resources production; limited to small timber harvest ". areas on DNR land in upper reaches j, of Issaquah Creek and its tributaries. 10.2.10.2 Altered peak flows from Medium High Very 111e11 high Climate scenarios do not indicate climate change higher flows earlier in season. (CHECK) Potential for higher fall Now flows, increased occurrence of __ _ _ - atmospheric rivers. 03. 03 Shoreline hardening High High Ilieh High Hardened shorelines affect spawning habitat quantity and quality. Armoring also limits instream wood and overhanging vegetation for cover. Likely more pronounced inside UGA. 17.1. 17.1 Predation from increased Medium Medium Medium Medium Predation on eggs by cutthroat, native species - - sculpin etc -- no evidence of Low, increased numbers (?) 17.2. 17.2 Displacement by Low Low Ilieh increased native species 7.1 7.2 Terrestrial and freshwater Low Low Low Low.." Few natural landscapes in species disturbances in natural Sammamish system (upper reaches landscapes i of Issaquah Creek) likely to see very little species disturbance. Most species disturbance will occur in developed landscapes. C - Inc & Emerge Pressure Scope Severity Irreversibility Summary Pressure Rating I Comments 11.3. 11.3 Altered low flows from Withdrawals for municipal water withdrawals supply are mitigated by flow roles under the CRI-ICP. Low flows are monitored and managed to prevent dewatering of redds. 13.1. 13.1 In channel structural High High Meth barriers to water, sediment, debris flows 13.2. 13.2 Levees and Revetments High High High High This pressure includes levees and revetments. Effect on incubation to the extent it affects hydraulics and scour. 10.2.10.2 Altered peak flows from Medium High High Medium If changing climate brings more climate change r atmospheric river/other high flow events, could result in increasing redd scour and diminished survival. tI Management response should be to increase resilience of stream r ecosystems (reconnect flood plains, increase wood in streams, increase riparian cover). NOTE: Cedar HCP flow control, where possible, could buffer impacts from some events, -� Water management is not designed for flood control however, 03. 03 Shoreline hardening Medium 11igh Very High Bich Effect on incubation to the extent it _ affects hydraulics and scour. Shoreline hardening scores higher in irreversibility than "other structural barriers" pressure though lower in scope (defining this threat to include infrastructure in urban areas where removal is unlikely in next 100y). 17.1. 17.1 Predation from increased Medium Medium Medium Medium predation of emerging fry by native species sculpin -- no evidence of increased native spp (?) 17.2.17.2 Displacement by Low Low Ilieh Low increased native species 21.2. 21.2 Non -point source, Medium Medium high Medium persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic systems 11.2.11.2 Altered low flows from Low Low ,,.:_. Low Low ,._.,,,, ., .,... ,, - NOTE: Cedar lnstream Flow climate change Agreement maintains minimum flows to prevent dewatering of redds. 22.2. 22.2 Non -point source, non- Medium Medium high Medium See non -point source persistent persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic chemicals systems 24.2. 24.2 Non -point source Low Low Low'- Not as much of an issue in the conventional water pollutants --" '" "' ° ` - ` '""" " ' . ' �.:--.:.. Cedar. 10.1. 10.1 Altered peak flows from Not likely to be a strong pressure land cover change. on this life stage in Cedar basin. Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan ( 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 24.3. 24.3 Changes in water Ih6h Loiv High Incubation time shortens as water temperature from local causes temp increases. Severity is low for -= -' - this life stage; 12. 12 Flow regulation-- Medium Low b"cry High Medium t Flow regulation on the Cedar River prevention of flood flows does attenuate flood flows. This has negative consequences for habitat - forming processes that provide spawning gravels and habitat. On the other hand, prevention of flood flows during incubation and emergence increases fry survival. Greater issue is disconnection of floodplain from river channel. 26.1. 26.1 Changing air temperature High Low high Low See changing water temperature notes for this life stage. Effects of changing air temperature on fish felt through changing water temperature. l 1.1. 11.1 Altered low flows from Low Low Mich Low Altered low flows from LC change land cover change not likely to have much of an impact on this life stage. C - Adult Migration Pressure Scope Severity Irreversibility Summary Pressure Rating Comments 11 3. 11 3 Altered low flows from Medium High Low Cedar instream flows managed withdrawals '" through Cedar River Habitat - Conservation Plan to provide spawning flows. The group is not saying that this is a huge impact to fish but the irreversibility is high because it is part ofthe HCP and wouldn't be changed. 13.1. 13.1 In channel structural Low Low MediumC. barriers to water, sediment, debris flows 14.14 Animal harvest AlLow Low High Low Harvest is governed by international treaty and Puget Sound Harvest Management Plan. Only looking at fw component... also, harvest is a goal... (harvest we are leaving to co managers, and nose— ranking low based on poaching and incidental fisheries... approved by NOAA). Total annual harvest rates for all areas approx 20%-54% over last 10 years. 15.15 Byeatch Low Low Medium Low :_ Some bycatch occurs during coho or sockeye fishery, when those fisheries occur. Closely monitored. 10.2. 10.2 Altered peak flows from Low Low Very Iligh Medium -,:. Climate scenarios do not indicate climate change altered peak flows earlier in season —therefore not likely to affect this life stage. 03. 03 Shoreline hardening Medium Low II eh Low Most severe at Ballard Locks/Ship - Canal area. Some areas along migration corridor are more severely affected than others. Adult life stage not as affected as others. 17.1. 17.1 Predation from increased Low Low Low Lowpotential increased native predators native species in Salmon Bay, though no data to - substantiate 05.1. 05.1 Ballard Locks Very I ligh High Very Ihh Very Iligh This pressure is the proxy for the Chittenden Locks. Could delay migration; salinity, temp, physical barrier... BIOP says it is a barrier. Consider severity in terms of ..,. ..: ...•::.... ., structure itselfbut also salinity and , temp exchange barrier. 7.2. 7.2 Terrestrial and freshwater - Law - - "" "'- -.. '"' Low Existing riparian areas in natural species disturbances in natural _ "� landscapes are likely to remain landscapes _ protected. Some minimal ratting ' and"salmon watching" occurs on .i Cedar River during fall migration and spawning season, though effect on migration and spawning is not w likely to be extreme. Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Wash ington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 ® APPENDIX C 21.1. 21.1 Point source, persistent _ High Not likely an extreme threat to this toxic chemicals in aquatic systems life stage. Prespawn mortality not ---- known to be severe for Chinook salmon, though coho salmon Low - - _ affected strongly. 21.2.21.2 Non -point source, - high not likely an extreme threat to this persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic life stage g systems 22.1. 22.1 Point source, non- w_ Low High Low •. Not likely an extreme threat to this persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic _ life stage. Prespawn mortality not systems :i - known to be severe for Chinook salmon, though coho salmon , ' affected strongly. Medium Medium Low NOTE: Cedar Instream Flow 11.2. 11.2 Altered low flows from w climate change Agreement maintains minimum flows during spawning season. In years of extreme drought, when Lake levels are managed in conserve water, there may be some small effect on passage through Locks facility. 22.2. 22.2 Non -point source, non- Low Low I-lieh Low t SS not likely an extreme threat to persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic this life stage systems 01.1. 01.1 Conversion of land cover High Low I hgh Low ' Migratory pathways considered for residential, commercial, and intact (assuming Lake Washington industrial use basin hydrology post construction of Ship Canal is new'nomial'). Conversion of Chinook habitat reflected more strongly in other L componems/geographies. Some dismrbance by people, [heir 07.1. 07.1 Terrestrial and freshwater "'- Medium species disturbance in human pets, artificial light, Salmon dominated areas watchers during migration.... Sim of Cedar likely limits interactions somewhat. Timing of spawning L (peaking in October) is usually after most recreation on the river has ended. 24.2. 24.2 Non -point source High Low Not likely an extreme threat to this conventional water pollutants life stage 24.3. 24.3 Changes in water High _ , High Medium,. . _ , Assuming any and all water temp temperature from local causes (not just local causes) - Focus on Locks and Ship Canal; Medium severity here for chinook; higher for Sammamish pop. Ways to manage it in local areas to maintain pops in foreseeable future. Low -- but not reversible Low probability event 123.23 Large Spills High Medium 10.1. 10.1 Altered peak flows from '" High Low - Not an issue for Cedaz population. land cover change _ Included here for contrast with Sammamish. Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 S - Inc & Emerge Pressure Scope Irreversibility Summary Pressure Rating Comments 11.3. 11.3 Altered low flows from OlSeventy High Low flows during incubation period withdrawals (from wells) are possible, potentially delaying or preventing - migration to spawning streams. However, incubation period is less likely to see LOW flows -- more likely insee high flows. See Tributary stmamflow document (Tributary Streamflow Technical Committee 2006). Highest need/ importance/benefits to be seen in - — Bear, EF Issaquah, Issaquan and Rock Creek. also augmenting cold water inflows to Sammamish. 13.1. 13.1 In channel structural High High Medium High barriers to water, sediment, debris flows 13.2. 13.2 Levees and Revetments High High 111211 High This pressure includes levees and revetments. Effect on incubation to the extent it affects hydraulics and scour. 01.2. 01.2 Conversion of land cover Low Lo,e - Current natural resource production for natural resources production limited to small timber harvest areas on DNR land in upper reaches of Issaquah Creek and its tributaries. 10.2. 10.2 Altered peak flows from INW.,, _ .; High - - High Medium _ If changing climate brings more climate change'. atmospheric river/other high flow events, could result in increasing redd scour and diminished survival. Management response should be to increase resilience of stream ecosystems (reconnect flood plains, increase wood in streams, increase riparian cover). 03. 03 Shoreline hardening High Very High -- -: - High Effect on incubation to the extent it affects hydraulics and scour. Shoreline hardening scores higher in irreversibility than "other structural barriers" pressure though lower in scope (defining this threat to include infrastructure in urban areas where removal is unlikely in next 100y). 17.1. 17.1 Predation from increased Medium "' Medium Medium Medium::` Predation of emerging fry by native species sculpin — no evidence of increased -'.: native spp(?) 17.2. 17.2 Displacement by Hieh increased native species 21.2. 21.2 Non -point source, High Media High Medium persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic systems 11.2.11.2 Altered low flows from Medium Medium High Medium - Low flows during winter months climate change are possible (dewatering redds) but climate models do not project this element to increase. 22.2. 22.2 Non -point source, non- High Medium Iligh Medium See non -point source persistent persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic chemicals systems 24.2. 24.2 Non -point source High high Medium Iligh Focused on sediment (ditches; conventional water pollutants erosion of streambanks). Pervasive but reversible. Group on the fence for irreversibilty - medium or high. SS highest generally in urban areas 10.1. 10.1 Altered peak flows from High High High High Increased flashiness from increased land cover change urbanization likely, though stormwater regs are intended to nummim or prevent such impacts. 24.3. 24.3 Changes in water High Low„ High temperature from local causes 26.1. 26.1 Changing air temperature High High See changing water temperature notes for this life stage. Effects of changing air temperature on fish felt through changing water _ temperature, 11.1. 11.1 Altered low flows from Highto Altered low flows from land cover land cover change change may affect this life stage, if flows are insufficient to allow sufficient habitat. Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 S - Stream Rearing Pressure Scope Severity Irreversibility Summary Pressure Rating Comments 11.3. 11.3 Altered low flows from Low Medium See comments far -Altered low withdrawals W High flows from land cover change 13.1. 13.1 In channel structural High Medium Hieh barriers to water, sediment, debris flows 13.2. 13.2 Levees and Revetments High High Very I-ligh Ve Irreversibility- Sammamish has been changed due to Locks and dredging that makes reconnection _ nearly impossible. Make 13.2 the ' - same as 03. 02. 02 Terrestrial habitat High Medium I -hell Medium Terr. habitat fragmentation often fragmentation affects runoff patterns, hydrology. If riparian areas included, then severity is high or very high. Irreversibility ranked high (not very high) because while fragmentation is irreversible, LID and stormwater techniques could hypothetically restore hydrology to natural or nearly natural state. 01.2. 01.2 Conversion of land cover ow Low, Low Low `. Current natural resource production for natural resources production - limited to small timber harvest �! areas on DNR land in upper reaches of Issaquah Creek and its . ...:,_ . ...., .. ,.,._ tributaries. 10.2. 10.2 Altered peak flows from High Iligh Very High Very High Potential high flows during early climate change rearing season could displace rearing juveniles, especially in simplified channels. Highest likelihood of effect in urban areas. Improved stonnwater management could mitigate somewhat (therefore irreversibility set at high rather than very high). 8/10 changed to very high 03, 03 Shoreline hardening - Iiigh Very High Very 1-fiah rP Irreversibility: Possible overtime i but it would take more than 20 years and political will. Note the length of time in the stream rearing - is the short timing a result of lack of habitat or would the population migrate quickly "'•.,. anyway. We don't have an answer, - so it is important to express this for r diversity. = Need to distinguish when we are thinking about tribs (this is high) versus sammamish(medium - but Sammamish ranks higher for 13.2 Mom structural barriers) 17.1. 17.1 Predation from increased High Medium Vcp liieh Interspecific dynamics (cutthroat vs native species coho, sculpin etc.) complex and not ,R well understood 17.2. 17.2 Displacement by High Medium Ilieh Intempecific dynamics complex and increased native species not well understood. Uncertainty of effect is high. 8/10 imeversibilty changed to high. This may be a bigger issue for small streams so increased scope from medium to high. 18.1. 18.1 Predation from non- High ikledium Vcn high I igh predation by bass and other non- native species native species documented. Likely to affect this life stage, especially in lower reaches of streams. 8/10 changed to match Cedar stream rearing. 21.2. 21.2 Non -point source, High Medium Ili_eI Medium -' persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic ' systems 05.2. 05.2 Culverts and other fish High High Medium I-ligh Use ratings for 13.2. The group is passage barriers "combining" culverts and other in - stream structural barriers. This includes Tier 1 and Tier 2. Same as 13.1. Group only using one pressure due to redundancies. 11.2. 11.2 Altered low Flows from Low Medium Very High Medium SS Effects of altered low flows on climate change this life stage are not clear. Late winter/spring months, when this life stage inhabits streams, not generally considered to he time of j year with low flow problems. 2015 ?. was an extreme outlier and effects were seen on Bear Cr (check with K Kiyohara) -- however, forecasts for conditions under most climate scenarios do not indicate less winter/spring precipitation (CHECK). 8/10 Increased irreversibility to very high. 22.2. 222 Non -point source, non- Ih��h high High Iligh See non -point source persistent persistent toxic chemicals in aqua(is chemicals. May be more of an issue systems for Sammimish population. Changed scope and severity to high and the overall summary rating to high. 01.1. 01.1 Conversion of land cover High Medium [hall Med um. Effect of this pressure most likely for residential, commercial, and _ felt inside UGA, though some areas industrial use of Bear/Cottage Creek (TI) and Little Bear Creek (T2) could be affected. Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 ® APPENDIX C 07.1. 07.1 Terrestrial and freshwater High Media, High Species disturbance by people, their species disturbance in human pets, artificial light.... dominated areas 24.2. 24.2 Non -point source High I-Iigh ":'i High Sedimentation results in decline in conventional water pollutants inverts 01.3. 01.3 Conversion of land cover High High High High Transportation and utility projects for transportation & utilities in stream corridors often result in confined channels without ability to meander. For example, wastewater lines exist along both banks of Sammamish River, also wastewater lines along shoreline of Lake Washington. NOTE: did not include ballard Locks in this component (covered elsewhere). Keeping severity at high - more of an issue in Sammamish pop than Cedar. 10.1. 10.1 Altered peak flows from High high high High Stream flashiness is detrimental to land cover change stream tearing and exacerbated by shoreline hardening, stream channel simplification, lack of wood and riparian vegetation. Most severe inside UGA. There is data to back 24.3. 24.3 Changes in water Medium Medium Very I lieh I Iigh Increased temperatures during temperature from local causes stream rearing stage may have positive effect on growth, but negative consequences possible but unclear. Later in stream -rearing season, temperatures could affect migration/survival (saw effects in 2015 -- though considered extreme outlier. Potential increase in activity from warm -water predators (e.g. bass in some lower reaches) could have negative consequences. Assuming local causes include "heat island" effects, warming wetlands, and local air temperature changes. Including increases from climate change in this pressure, which is why irreversibility is very high. Groundwater connections, riparian shading are good efforts to sustain/improve conditions. 26.1. 26.1 Changing air temperature Medium Low Ven liiish Medium See changing water temperature notes for this life stage. Effects of changing air temperature on fish felt through changing water Low ` temperature. Effects of altered low flows on this 11. L 11.1 Altered low Flows from 'w Low Medium land cover change - life stage are not clear. Late winter/ spring months, when this life stage inhabits streams, not generally considered to be time of year with low flow problems. C - Dnstrm Migration Pressure Scope Severity Irreversibility Pressure Rating Comments ' 11 3. 11.3 Altered low flows from '.High SS Effects of altered low flows on withdrawals plow -;..-.�,.-;, this life stage are not clear. Late winter/spring months, when juveniles are migrating to the lake, not generally considered to be time .of year with low flow problems. 2015 was an extreme outlier and ISummaly effects were seen (check with K. Kiyohara) -- however, projections for conditions under most climate -r scenarios do not indicate less winter/spring precipitation (CHECK). NOTE: Cedar Instream Flow Agreement maintains minimum flows for rearing and migration. 13.1. 13.1 In channel structural I ligh High Medium 1-Iigh barriers to water, sediment, debris flows 13.2. 13.2 Levees and Revetments high Medium 'Very High I Iigh 10.2. 10.2 Altered peak flows from Medium Medium Medium Medium SS Downstream migration is often climate change _ triggered by Freshets. Change in timing of freshets could affect r,...-•, -. •- ", timing ofmigmtion. 03. 03 Shoreline hardening Medium Medium Very High - I Iigh SS Hardened shorelines affect edge habitat quantity and quality. Armoring also limits instream wood and overhanging vegetation for hydraulic relief and cover. Therefore, whenjuveniles are shoreline -oriented, could be serious issue. (confirm extent thatjuveniles are shoreline oriented during active migration) 17.1. 17.1 Predation from increased High High High High Tabor work native species IZ2. 17.2 Displacement by Medium Medium Medium Medium increased native species 18.1. 18.1 Predation from non- High Medium Very high 111211 native species 21.2. 21.2 Non -point source, Medium Medium Ili,_.h Medium persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic systems Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 11.2. 11.2 Altered low flows from ' ' "ow' I ligh SS Effects of altered low flows on climate change this life stage are not clear. Late winter/spring months, when juveniles are migrating to the lake, I not generally considered to be time of year with low flow problems. 2015 was an extreme outlier and effects were seen (check with K. I Kiyoham) -- however, projections for conditions under most climate scenarios do not indicate less winter/spring precipitation " (CHECK). NOTE: Cedar Instream Flow Agreement maintains minimum flows for rearing and - - migration. 22.2. 22.2 Non -point source, non- Medium Medium Ilieh persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic systems 01, 1. 01.1 Conversion of land cover Mediutn Medium Medium Medium,. SS During migration, to the extent for residential, commercial, and mmams Wait .. 19 aI':. `' thatjuveniles are shoreline oriented industrial use -- strongest effects in lower reaches -' - (i.e. inside UGA). 07.1. 07.1 Terrestrial and freshwater Ilieh high Ilieh High SS effects ofartifical light during species disturbance in human downstream migration affects dominated areas behavior, susceptibility to predation. Most other human disturbance likely low during this life stage. True strength of effect not known but assumed to be high. Effect strongest in urban areas, e.g. Renton. 24.2. 24.2 Non -point source Medium ' `- """'"' ' Medium Medium Medium ^" SS hypothetical effect on ability to conventional water pollutants Low detect predators, prey? (turbidity) 10.1. 10.1 Altered peak flows from Low Low Low land cover change 24.3. 24.3 Changes in water Medium Low Very High Medium SS Hypothetically could shift temperature from local causes " "" migration dates earlier-- some possible evidence of this from 20167 (check with K Kiyoham). Likelihood of strong effect on Medium """"- Cedar population is small. SS See changing water temperature 26.1. 26.1 Changing air temperature Medium Low Ven,Fh_sh notes for this life stage. Effects of changing air temperature on fish felt through changing water temperature. 11.1. 11.1 Altered low flows from Low Low Low SS Altered low flows from land land cover change cover change not likely to have much impact. S - Lake Rearing Pressure Scope Severity Irreversibility Summary Pressure Rating Comments 13.1. 13.1 In channel structural High High Medium High Discussion in Technical Committee barriers to water, sediment, debris about importance of small streams flows and stream mouths forjuvenile salmon -- therefore this pressure was included in Lake Rearing. 24. 24.1 Point source conventional Medium Medium Point source — wastewater outfalls, water Pollutants CSO outfalls. Nutrients, sediment, '. turbidity. Not an extensive or frequent problem in watershed. Active CSO reduction management ongoinog. High High High - Issaquah Creek juveniles likely use 03. 03 Shoreline hardening High southern Lake Sammamish shoreline. 17.1. 17.1 Predation from increased High High High High Cutthroat trout, northern native species ,. pikeminnow, sculpin... '`...`.. . Current research(2016) by champ et al. 17.2. 17.2 Displacement by ta indicating displacement by increased native species sed native species. 04. 04 Shading of shallow water -Higfi - n. ult to change; may be able to habitat - new dock types. Connected y to predation pressure. 18.1. 18.1 Predation from non- High " High 1111tbass, and small mouth bass, rock native species walleye. Assessment slightly ent due to orientation to line. Need more data on non - predators. 21.1. 21.1 Point source, persistent I ligh Medium High toxic chemicals in aquatic systems 21.2. 21.2 Non -point source, Medium Medium High Medium persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic systems 22.1. 22.1 Point source, non- Medium Medium High Medium., persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic systems 222. 22.2 Non -point source, non- Medium Medium High Medium persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic systems 01.1. 01.1 Conversion of land cover High High High High Conversion of lake shoreline habitat for residential, commercial, and in addition to shoreline hardening. industrial use Especially affecting early season juveniles that are shoreline- 01.1. 01.1 Conversion of land cover oriented. Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Wash ington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 07.1. 07.1 Terrestrial and freshwater High High High High Effects of artificial light on species disturbance in human behavior, susceptibility to predation dominated areas during lake rearing likely strong. Dock maintenance often occurs during March before the lake level is raised. Boat prep/washing also occurs during this time. Power washing and some soap/chemical use. Possibly also wastewater pump station intakes: There are documented entrainment of fish/ other organisms in these pump/ flush stations (KP), many with shallow water intake within 10 ft of shore- often with damaged or even without screens. 24.2. 24.2 Non -point source Medium Medium Medium Medium Hypothetical effect on ability to conventional water pollutants ` detect predators, prey? (turbidity) Also exposure to other conventional pollutants during rearing could pose risks 01.3. 01.3 Conversion of land cover Medium Medium High Medium Wastewater infrastructure along for transportation & utilities Lake Washington and Lake Sammamish shorelines. 23. 23 Large Spills Low Iligh Medium high Low probability event 24.3. 24.3 Changes in water Medium Medium Very High -` Climate change effects included temperature from local causes here. Temperature effects on lake rearing stage, if present, likely relate to 1) potential food web shifts as daphnia populations fluctuate (potential mismatch with phytoplankton blooms) and 2) earlier spring warning could increase activity of wane -water predators. Increasing temperatures could also affect growth rates, metabolic demand, shift migration timing to earlier periods. 26.1. 26.1 Changing air temperature Medium Medium Very figh High See changing water temperature notes for this life stage. Effects of changing air temperature on fish felt through changing water "' x -, temperature. S - Dnstrm Migration Pressure Scope Severity Irreversibility Summary Pressure Rating Comments 11.3.I1.3 Altered lowflows from : w _ Lo,c High SS Low flows during downstream withdrawals - - ' migration period are possible, potentially delaying or preventing migration. However, migration period is muchless likely to see LOW Flows -- more likely to see high flows. Potential for lower flows increases after May -- could Ilieh influence later migrants. 13.1. 111 In channel structural Hall high Medium barriers to water, sediment, debris flows 13.2. 13.2 Levees and Revetments High Medium Very lliah Iieh Downstream migration impacted; Chinook loodking for velocity refugia as they make their way out. OL2.OL2 Conversion of land cover i .. :,, _,:_. .,�:, Lev Low ' SS Current natural resource for natural resources production production limited to small timber harvest areas on DNR land in upper reaches of Issaquah Creek and its tributaries. 10.2. 10.2 Altered peak flows from odium Medium Medium Medi SS Downstream migration is often climate change triggered by freshets. Change in timing of freshets could affect timing of migration. 03. 03 Shoreline hardening MediumVery high -- High SS Hardened shorelines affect edge habitat quantity and quality. Armoring also limits instream wood jcd,, and overhanging vegetation for hydraulic relief and cover. Therefore, whenjuveniles are shoreline -oriented could be serious issue. (confirm extent doujuveniles are shoreline -oriented during active migration) 17.1. 17.1 Predation from increased High Medium Very High High SS Interspecific dynamics native species (cutthroat vs coho, sculpin etc.) complex and not well understood 17.2. 17.2 Displacement by Medium Medium Medium Medium �! increased native species 18.1. 18.1 Predation from non- High Medium Very High High SS predation by bass and other non- native species native species documented. Likely to affect this life stage, especially in lower reaches of streams. 21.2. 21.2 Non -point source, High Medium high Mediu `P" - persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic systems I Lake Wash! ngton/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 11.2. 11.2 Altered low flows from Medium. High SS Effects of altered low flows on climate change this life stage are not cleat Late winter/spring months, when juveniles are migrating to the lake, not generally considered to be time " -" - -- - of year with low flow problems. 2015 was an extreme outlier and effects were seen (check with K. Kiyuham) -- however, projections for conditions under most climate scenarios do not indicate less winter/spring precipitation (CHECK). SS See non -point source persistent 22.2. 22.2 Non -point source, non- Ilieh Medium Iiieh persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic ... chemicals systems .. 01 A. 01.1 Conversion of land cover Medium Medium Medium Medium _ Ss During migration, to the extent for residential, commercial, and thatjuveniles are shoreline oriented industrial use -- strongest effects in lower reaches '.......-... ,_......._ _.. ... _. ... (i.e. inside UGA). 07.1. 07.1 Terrestrial and freshwater High High I-ligh High SS effects of artificial light during species disturbance in human downstream migration affects dominated areas behavior, susceptibility to predation. Most other human disturbance likely low during this life stage. True strength of effect not known but assumed to be high. Effect strongest in urban areas. 24.2. 24.2 Non -point source Medium Medium Medium Medium SS hypothetical effect on ability to conventional water pollutants -_-•-- _-- - - - - •-- ' detect predators, prey? (turbidity) 10.1. 10.1 Altered peak flows from w Low Low ., land cover change Iheh them out earlier or trap 24.3. 24.3 Changes in water High Medium temperature from local causes them in the small, cooler systems (e.g. Bear and North Creek) 26.1. 26.1 Changing air temperature High Medium High Medium SS See changing water temperature notes for this life stage. Effects of changing air temperature on fish felt through changing water temperature. 11.1. 11.I Altered low flows from Low }, ". Medium High SS Effects of altered low flows on land cover change this life stage are not clear. Late winter/spring months, when juveniles are migrating to the lake, not generally considered to be time of year with low flow problems. 2015 was an extreme outlier and ..... effects were seen (check with K. Kiyohara) -- however, projections for conditions under most climate scenarios do not indicate less winter/spring precipitation (CHECK). C - Lake Rearing Pressure Scope Severity Irreversibility Summary Pressure Rating Comments 13.1. 13.1 In channel structural high I Iigh Medium High Discussion in Technical Committee barriers to water, sediment, debris about importance of small streams flows and stream mouths farjuvenile salmon — therefore this pressure was included in Lake Rearin,,. 24. 24.1 Point source conventional Low Medium Medium Point source— wastewater outfalls, water pollutants CSO outfalls. Nutrients, sediment, turbidity. Not an extensive or - - frequent problem in watershed. 4 Active CSO reduction management . ,. _.u..,.- _ ._._...... High High ongoing. Assumption: juvenile Chinook use 03. 03 Shoreline hardening Iligh High the southern portion of the Lk WA shoreline during this life stage. Mouth of Cedar to 1-90, Scope is focused on southern Lk. WA. 17.1. 17.1 Predation from increased high High High HIeII Cutthroat trout, northern native species pikeminnow, sculpin... Current research(2016) by Beauchamp et al. 17.2. 17.2 Displacement by Low Lmv Low Low No data indicating displacement by increased native species + increased native species. 04. 04 Shading of shallow water high Medium Medium Medium Difficult In change; may be able to habitat shift new dock types. Connected tightly to predation pressure. 18, 1. 18.1 Predation from non- Medium Medium I-Iigh Medium - Large and small mouth bass, rock native species - bass, walleye. Expensive and difficuIt to reverse. NOTE: could be much more serious threat than estimated here. Ship Canal not included in this life stage. See ' Migration to Puget Sound stage for y Ship Canal Assessment. 21.1. 21.1 Point source, persistent Medium Medium I Iigh Medium toxic chemicals in aquatic systems 21.2. 21.2 Non -point source, Medium Medium High Medium persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic systems 22.1. 22.1 Point source, non- Medium Medium High Medium persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic j systems 22.2. 22.2 Non -point source, non- Medium Medium High Medium persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic systems 01.1. 01.1 Conversion of land cover High High High High Conversion of lake shoreline habitat for residential, commercial, and in addition to shoreline hardening. industrial use Especially affecting early season juveniles that are shoreline - oriented. Lake Wash ington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 07.1. 07.1 Terrestrial and freshwater High High High High Effects of artificial light on species disturbance in human behavior, susceptibility to predation dominated areas during lake rearing likely strong. Dock maintenance often occurs during March before the lake level is raised. Boat prep/washing also occurs during this time. Power washing and some soap/chemical use. Possibly also wastewater pump station intakes: There are documented entrainment of fish/ other organisms in these pump/ flush stations (KP), many with shallow water intake within 10 ft of shore- often with damaged or even without screens. 24.2. 24.2 Non -point source Medium Medium Medium Medium .: Hypothetical effect on ability to conventional water pollutants detect predators, prey? (turbidity) Also exposure to other conventional - pollutants during rearing could pose risks 01.3. 01.3 Conversion of land cover Medium Medium high Medium Waste water infrastructure along for transportation & utilities "- ` - Lake Washington shoreline. 24.3. 24.3 Changes in water Medium Medium Va. I liili 111,11 Climate change effects included temperature from local causes here. Temperature effects on lake rearing stage, if present, likely relate to 1) potential food web shifts as daphnia populations fluctuate (potential mismatch with phytoplankton blooms) and 2) earlier spring warming could increase activity of warm -water predators. Increasing temperatures could also affect growth rates, metabolic demand, shift migration timing to earlier periods. 23. 23 Large Spills Low.. Iligh Medium Low Low probability event 26.1. 26. I Changing air temperature Medium Medium Very IIIgh high See changing water temperature notes for this life stage. Effects of changing air temperature on fish felt through changing water temperature. S&C — Migration to PS Pressure Scope Severity Irreversibility Summary Pressure Rating Comments 05.1. 05.1 Ballard Locks High If this is just considered as a fish passage the severity might be lower than if you connect all of the other issues associated with the structure. Current conditions may be improved through stony gate valves. Kept the severity score high until this is dealt with. 21.1. 21.1 Point source, persistentx -High :> .,.:. ...:..,.. :Medium High toxic chemicals in aquatic systems 21.2. 21.2 Non -point source, rMcdium Medium High Medium persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic =. systems 22.1. 211 Point source, non- High Medium High Medmm- persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic systems 24. 24.1 Point source conventional Medium Medium Low _ _.... SS Point source -- wastewater water pollutants It outfalls, CSO cattails. Nutrients, sediment, turbidity. Not an extensive or frequent problem in watershed. Some CSO ouffalls in Ship Canal. Active CSO reduction management ongoing. 22.2. 22.2 Non -point source, non- Medium Mediwn _. High Medium persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic low systems 01. 1. OL 1 Conversion of land cover High 1-ligh Ven, Iligh Very High SS Shoreline along migratory route for residential, commercial, and from Lake Washington to Puget industrial use Sound (i.e., Ship Canal) is highly -'-'-- modified. 17.1. 17.1 Predation from increased High High I ligh I Iigh Need more data native species 24.2. 24.2 Non -point source Medium Medium Medium Medium ` SS Some exposure hypothesized conventional water pollutants (especially in Lake Union) but transit time is fairly short. 24.3. 24.3 Changes in water High high high High Temperature bottleneck as fish temperature from local causes outmigrate at the Locks. Severity between high and medium. 18.1. 18.1 Predation from non- High High High High native species 26.1. 26.1 Changing air temperature High High High High SS See changing water temperature notes for this life stage. Effects of changing air temperature on fish felt through changing water temperature. Lake Wbshington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Wash ington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 S&C - Nearshore Foraging Pressure Scope Severity Irreversibility Summary Pressure Rating Comments 01.1. 01.1 Conversion of land cover High High SS Seawalls, bulkheads related to for residential, commercial, and residential/commercial/industrial-- industrial use not a large issue in WRIA 8 because 1 most of shoreline is impacted by BNSF. However, marinas are considered in this pressure. Certainty of effect on WRIA 8 chinook is low-- likely greater effect on other populations - (circumstantial evidence suggests WRIA 8 chinook do not use - - y-'-'- - nearshore to great extent). 03, 03 Shoreline hardening High High High Lli;•h BNSF SS This seems to duplicate 'conversion of land cover for transportation and utilities.' Acmal effect is from shoreline hardening as opposed to clearing land. As stated elsewhere, use of nearshore by WRIA 8 juveniles thought to be minimal. However, armoring of shoreline highly likely to affect other chinook populations. 08. 08 Species disturbances - :Low Low Low Low SS No data marine Ll 23. 23 Large Spills qW Iigh Medium Low SS hreversiblity (restoration in ,_ ... .:, �..:... 6-20y) may be optimistic. Low probability, high impact event. 01.3. 01.3 Conversion of land cover High High Iligh 1-I1g11 BNSF for transportation & utilities As stated elsewhere, use of nearshore by WRIA 8 juveniles thought to be minimal. However, armoring of shoreline highly likely to affect other chinook populations.Acmal effect is from shoreline hardening as opposed to clearing land. 26.4. 26.4 Changing ocean High Mcdium Very High high SS Top -down or bottom -up effects condition on chinook uncertain but potential is thought to be severe. For this geography, it is also uncertain how extensively chinook from WRIA 8 use the nearshore -- some evidence indicates that WRIA 8 chinook are larger than most smelts leaving their natal estuary and may not be nearshore oriented. 26.3. 26.3 Sea level rise High I Iigh Very High Very high SS Loss of nearshore habitat, - - pocket estuaries likely to affect habitat and prey resources. As stated elsewhere, use of nearshore by WRIA 8 juveniles thought to be minimal. C - Stream Rearing Pressure Scope Severity Irreversibility Summary Pressure Rating I Comments 11.3. 11.3 Altered low flows from withdrawals _ Withdrawals for municipal water supply are mitigated by flow rules '. under the CR HCP. Not likely an Y issue for this life stage. 13.1. 13.1 In channel stmctuml Low Low, barriers to water, sediment, debris - flows 02. 02 Terrestrial habitat fragmentation High � -.:, Ilieh Medium Terr. habitat fragmentation often affects runoffpatterns, hydrology. If riparian areas included, then severity is high or very high. Irreversibility ranked high (not very high) because while fragmentation is irreversible, LID and stormwater techniques could hypothetically restore hydrology to natural or nearly natural state. 13.2. 13.2 Levees and Revetments High High High High 8/10 The group discussed this as part migrant concern. Changed the scope from very high to high. This presure is being ranked the same as shoreline hardening (3.0) since one includes levees and hue other revetments (with similar effect). 01.2. 01.2 Conversion of land cover OW Low 2 Not an issue in Cedar watershed 10.2.10.2 Altered peak flows from -Mi dium — - " High 'ticry Hr I lieh Potential increased high flows climate change-- during rearing season could displace rearing juveniles, especially in simplified channels. CR managed to moderate high flows when possible, but water supply system is not designed for flood control. Increasing rain events in upper watershed could constrain options of watershed managers. Irreversibility set at very high because options for further reservoir capacity likely limited. 03. 03 Shoreline hardening High High High High 8/10 group following logic and scores for 13.2 which they are now combining to simplify (levees and revetments are interchangable in the way they are addressed in this system). 17.1, IT 1 Predation from increased High High High High See Tabor et al. 2014. Cutthroat native species trout predation likely significant. Concerns over the reliabithy of the data on cutthroat predation. 8/10 Group is keeping as high despite some concern ovicer cutthroat predation numbers (see 1B notes for concern over this being highly severe over long periods oftime). Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 17.2. 17.2 Displacement by MCtham Iligh Interspecific dynamics complex and increased native species 2 Ij "- -. - •.- not well understood. Uncertainty of effect is high. If there is more habitat to displace them to, it shouldn't be a big concern for - Chinook in the Cedar. 8/10 Group ,. changed the irreversibility from Vrrc llieh medium to high predation by bass and other non- 18.1. 18.1 Predation from non- Iligh Malium native species ' ` native species documented. Likely to affect this life stage, especially in lower reache of CR. Scope is high because all juveniles pass through lower reaches. Likelihood or utility of predation management probably not favorable. 21.2. 21.2 Non -point source, Medium Mcthmo II"'], persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic systems 05.2. 05.2 Culverts and other fish I (m Low Low G This is more of a Sammamish passage barriers population issue. Not aware of anything in Cedar tribs or mainstem where Chinook are present. ibledium SS Effects of altered low flows on 11.111.2 Altered low flows from Lme Low Wn llieh climate change "•' this life stage are not clear. Late winter/spring months, when this life stage inhabits streams, not generally considered to be time of year with low flow problems. 2015 was an extreme outlier and effects were seen (check with K. Kiyoham) -- however, forecasts for conditions under most climate scenarios do not indicate less winter/spring - precipitation (CHECK). NOTE: Cedar Instream Flow Agreement maintains minimum flows for rearing and migration. 8/10 Group changed ineversibilty, to very high elevating the overall " pressure to medium from low. 22.2. 22.2 Non -point source, non- Medium Medium High Medium persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic systems 01. 1. 01. I Conversion of land cover Medium Medium Ilieh Medium for residential, commercial, and industrial use 07.1. 07.1 Terrestrial and freshwater Medium Medium High _ Medium Species disturbance by people, their species disturbance in human pets, artificial light... Timing ofthis dominated areas life stage may intersect with recreation in CR during late spring/ early summer, though water temps are likely too cold for much in - water recreation. 24.2. 24.2 Non -point source !Medium not likely a serious threat to the CR conventional water pollutants a instream rearing 01.3. 01.3 Conversion of land cover Fligh High Fiber optic cable beneath CR trail; For transportation &utilities SR 169 -- shoreline hardening and floodplain disconnection also -4 ) associated with conversion. 8/10 ;I Changed severity to medium. 10.1. 10.1 Altered peak flows from Medium Medium High Medium r'; Stream flashiness is detrimental to land cover change % stream rearing and exacerbated by rshoreline hardening, stream channel -i simplification, lack of wood and '14! riparian vegetation. Most severe inside UGA. Since most of CR is outside UGA, pressure is less than -? elsewhere in watershed for this life f stage. Also, flow regulation in CR - watershed diminishes this pressure. 24.3. 24.3 Changes in water Low Medium Very lii;h Medium Increased temperatures in CR temperature from local causes coupled with low flows affected juvenile outmigration in CR in 2015. Could pose a threat to stream rearing life stage, though 2015 is (for now) considered an extreme outlier event. Including temperature changes from climate change in this pressure, which is why irreversibility is very high. 8/10: This might alter behavior - outmigration timing. Questions about whether this is really limiting. The summary rating of high doesn't have consensus. Changing the scope to low because this doesn't impact a large majority of the population in this life stage in this location. 12.12 Flow regulation-- Medium Low Very High Medium Flow regulation on the Cedar River prevention of flood flows does attenuate flood flows. This has negative consequences for habitat - forming processes that provide spawning gravels and habitat. On the other hand, prevention of flood flows during incubation and emergence increases fry survival. - - - ,Greater issue is disconnexion of floodplain from river channel. 26.1. 26.1 Changing air temperature Medium Lo Very liieh Medium See changing water temperature notes for this life stage. Effects of changing air temperature most directly felt through changing water temperature. 11.I. I1,1 Altered low flows from -• Medium Low ,: • ' Low flows from land cover change land cover change "' generally not an issue forjuvenile life stage. Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan 10YEAR UPDATE 2017 w 0 Lake Wash ington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 S & C - Maturation Pressure Scope Severity Irreversibility Summary Pressure Rating Comments 14.14 Animal harvest Medium Medium High Medium SS Harvest is governed by international treaty and Puget „ Sound Harvest Management Plan. Total annual harvest rates for all areas approz 200/o-54% over last 10 years. 15. 15 Bycatch Medium Law High SS Bycatch is regulated under ESA take rules. I donY have any data on bycatch outside (coho/sockeye) terminaI area, or in some seasons in Lake Washington? Medium SS No data 08.08 Species disturbances- Medium Medium Medium marine 23. 23 Large Spills Low Iiigh Medium Low SS Low probability, high impact 1 event. Puget Sound. 26.4. 26.4 Changing ocean Ihgh Ilrv!h High high SS Food web issues related to condition warming ocean, or interdecadal climate patterns, have been reported. S -Adult Migration Pressure Scope Severity Irreversibility Summary Pressure Rating Comments 11.3.11.3AItemd lowflows from Medi" Medium High Medium °: Low flows during adult migration withdrawals period (from wells) are possible, !, potentially delaying or preventing '. migration to spawning streams. See Tributary streamflow document (Tributary Streamflow, Technical Committee 2006). Highest need/ importance/benefits to be seen in Bear, EF Issaquah, Issaquah and Rock Creek. also augmenting cold water inflows to Sammamish. 13.1. 13.1 In channel structural Low Medium barriers to water, sediment, debris flows 14.14 Animal harvest Low I-ligh Harvest is governed by international treaty and Puget Sound Harvest Management Plan. Total annual harvest rates for all areas approx 20 % 54 % over last 10 years. 10.2. 10.2 Altered peak flows from ow Low Vcry 11101 Medium Climate scenarios do not indicate climate change 9 higher flows earlier in season. how (CHECK) 15. 15 Bycatch Low Medium Low- Some bycatch occurrs during coho or sockeye fishery, when those fisheries occur. Closely monitored. 03. 03 Shoreline hardening High Low Ili_eh Most severe at Ballard Locks/Ship - Canal area. Some areas along - . �• migration corridor are more severely affected than others. Adult life stage not as affected as others. re 17.1. 17.1 Predation from incased Low Low .Potential increased native predators native species' in Salmon Bay, though no data to substantiate 05.1. 05.1 Ballard Locks blue, Very I Lieh This is the proxy for locks. Could delay migration; salinity, temp, physical barrier... BiOp says it is a barrier. Consider severity in terms of structure itself but also salinity and ` temp exchange barrier. 7.2. 7.2 Terrestrial and freshwater ,,w Low Low L,ow - '` "' ° Few natural landscapes in species disturbances in natural Sammamish system (upper reaches landscapes of Issaquah Creek) likely to see very little species disturbance. 21.1. 21. L Point source, persistent ftw, Low I I I h Low ': Not likely an extreme threat to this toxic chemicals in aquatic systems life stage. Prespawn mortality not known to be severe for Chinook salmon, though some PSM (likely due to elevated temperatures in Sammamish R has been noted). 21.2. 21.2 Non -point source,'""' '^ ""' "' "" "- 111211 L Not likely an extreme threat to this persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic life stage System Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA S) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 ® APPENDIX C 05.2. 05.2 Culverts and other fish xisting barriers aren't for passage barriers PW k or are only partial 22.1. 22.1 Point source, non- High Lowely an extreme threatto this persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic ge systems 11.2. I1.2 Altered low flows from High — - - Very high High Low flows during adult migration climate change - period (from climate change) are possible, potentially delaying or preventing migration to spawning streams. Not as likely in larger tributaries where chinook normally spawn (North, Bear, Issaquah), but potentially serious in other smaller streams with episodic chinook use or tributaries where other issues (e.g. milfoil) compound effects of lower flows (e.g. Kelsey Creek). Would be exacerbated by water withdrawals in basin. 22.2. 22.2 Non -point source, non- Low Low 1-I1g11 Low Not likely an extreme threat to this persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic life stage systems 01.1. 01.1 Conversion of land cover high Low High Low Migratory pathways considered for residential, commercial, and intact (assuming Lake Washington industrial use basin hydrology post construction _ i of Ship Canal is new'normal'). Sammamish Valley conversion for various purposes decreased habitat substantially; however, extensive historic wetland system likely not as productive for chinook salmon. Conversion of Chinook habitat reflected more strongly in other components/geographies. 07.1. 07.1 Terrestrial and freshwater I Iigh Medium Medium Medium Some disturbance by people, their species disturbance in human „ pets, artificial light Salmon dominated areas SEEson volunteers during g migration.... Size of most streams in Sammamish pop make closer approaches (thus greater harassment) possible. Also T2 areas likely have much greater human disturbance opportunities. ,_' Not likely an extreme threat to this 24.2. 24.2 Non -point source Low Low High conventional water pollutants •• �_ life stage 24.3. 24.3 Changes in water High Iligh High high Includes Locks and River; higher temperature from local causes severity in Sammamish River population. 23. 23 Large Spills Low Iligh Medium High Low Low probability event Medium Possibility of increased flashy flows 10.1. 10.1 Altered peak flows from Medium Medium land cover change during migration having impact, though not likely to be severe for this life stage. 26.1. 26.1 Changing air temperature High High High High See changing water temperature notes for this life stage. Effects of changing air temperature on fish felt through changing water temperature. 11.1. 11.1 Altered low flows from Medium plahuni I huh Medium Low flows during adult migration land cover change period from wells pe ( ) are possible, potentially delaying or preventing migration to spawning streams. See Tributary streamflow document -. (Tributary Streamflow, Technical Committee 2006). Highest need/ i importance/benefits to be seen in Bear, EF Issaquah, Issaquah and Rock Creek. also augmenting cold water inflows to Sammamish. Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 C - Spawning Pressure Scope Severity Irreversibility Summary Pressure Rating Comments 11.3.11.3 Altered lowflows from Low Medium Low l Cedar R instream flows managed withdrawals ,,, ,,.„„_, , „ through CR HCP to provide spawning flows. 13.1. 13.1 In channel structural Low Low Medium Low barriers to water, sediment, debris flows I 13.2. 13.2 Levees and Revetments Medium Medium liieh Medium This pressure includes levees and revetments. Effect on spawning habitat to the extent it restricts creation of side channels (used by Chinook for spawning) or affects the natural delivery and deposition of spawning gravel. 10.2. 10.2 Altered peak flows from Medium Medium Vet lligh High Climate scenarios do not indicate climate change higher flows earlier in season. Potential for higher fall flows, increased occurrence of atmospheric rivers; moderated to the extent possible by flow control on Cedar River (not designed for flood control). . 03. 03 Shoreline hardening Medium Medium I-1wh Medium Hardened shorelines affect spawning habitat quantity and quality. Armoring also limits instream wood and overhanging vegetation for cover. 17.1. 17.1 Predation from increased Medium Medium Medium Medium Predation on eggs by cutthroat, native species sculpin etc -- no evidence of increased numbers Low Interspecific dynamics complex and 17.2. 17.2 Displacement by atow Low Flieh increased native species not well understood. Uncertainty of - effect is high.Sockeye redd superposition is documented, but generally not severe (Burton annual reports). LowExisting riparian areas in natural T2. 7.2 Terrestrial and freshwater Low Low Lnw species disturbances in natural landscapes are likely to remain landscapes protected. Some minimal rafting and"salmon watching" occurs on - - Cedar River during fall migration and spawning season, though effect on migration and spawning is not likely to be extreme. 21.2. 21.2 Non -point source, Low Low 1-I igh Low Not likely an extreme threatto this persistenttoxic chemicals in aquatic life stage systems Low' NOTE: Cedar Instream Flow 11.2. 11.2 Altered low flows from Low Low Medium climate change Agreement maintains minimum flows during spawning season. Low, ." Not likely an extreme threat o this 22.2. 22.2 Non -point source, non- Low Low I hgh persistent toxic chemicals in aquatic life stage systems 01.1. 01.1 Conversion of land cover Hieh High for residential, commercial, and industrial use 07.1. 07.1 Terrestrial and freshwater Medium Medium Medium Medium _ Species disturbance by people, their species disturbance in human pets, artificial light, Salmon dominated areas Low' SEEson volunteers.... Not likely an extreme threat to this 24.2. 24.2 Non -point source iow Low Ilieh conventional water pollutants Low,. life stage g Not likely to be a strong pressure 10.1. 10.1 Altered peak flows from - Low I l igh land cover change on this life stage in Cedar basin, though effects in (urban) lower Low, Cedar are possible. Could change spawn liming and 24.3. 24.3 Changes in water Medimn Low Ihgh temperature from local causes _ add to pro -spawn mortality; susceptiblity to disease. Temperature effects on spawning (as opposed m migration) not likely to be severe, especially for Cedar Lowy population. See changing water temperature 26.1. 26.1 Changing air temperature Low I -li gh notes for this life stage. Effects of changing air temperature on fish felt through changing water temperature. 11.1. 11.1 Altered low Flows from s-------- Low High o Altered low flows from LC change land cover change not likely to have much of an impact on this life stage. Lake Wash ington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 APPENDIX D Habitat Goals 0 N BACKGROUND w A goal is a formal statement of a desired future condition. The goals in this section describe desired a future conditions of habitat components needed to conserve and restore Chinook salmon (Chinook a.. viable salmonid population goals are discussed elsewhere in the Plan update). Goals may be 0 quantitative (expressed as a number or numbers) or qualitative (expressed as a condition or other non - (if w numeric characteristic), but to be useful, all goals should be specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, r, and time -bound. In the following paragraphs, WRIA 8 uses both quantitative and qualitative goals for 0 desired future habitat conditions. WRIA 8 Habitat Components a 1. Non -wadeable streams g a. Cedar River Nb. Sammamish River c ° 2. Wadeable Chinook streams U Ea. Tier 1 streams — (Bear Cottage Lake Creek and Issaquah Creek) b. Tier 2 streams — (North, Little Bear, Kelsey, and Evans Creekst) Y 0 3. Lakes (Lake Sammamish, Lake Washington, Lake Union and Ship Canal) C 4. Nearshore (Pocket estuaries/stream mouths) a HABITAT GOAL SETTING APPROACH The relationships between habitat conditions and Chinook salmon growth and survival are multifaceted and complex, and operate at many spatial and temporal scales. Chinook population -level responses to even large-scale habitat improvements may not be detectable for years, and may be confounded v by improvements or declines elsewhere in the watershed or in the marine environment. Nevertheless, known linkages exist between freshwater habitat and salmon, backed by decades of credible research. The WRIA 8 Technical Committee selected a short list of goals (Table 1) that focus on key elements affecting critical habitat bottlenecks as determined by conservation science, and based on the 2016 WRIA 8 conceptual model and pressures assessment. These goals focus on the most important habitat elements for conservation and recovery of Chinook salmon in the watershed and are based on local data on existing habitat conditions, the unique constraints placed on rivers and streams in the WRIA 8 watershed, and the pace of implementation progress in the last ten years. These goals are ambitious but feasible within the framework of current conditions. t Coal and May Creeks were classified as Tier 3 streams in the 2005 Chinook Plan. They have experienced a recent increase in use by spawning Chinook salmon and contain areas with somewhat higher -quality habitat compared to some other Tier 2 areas. The Technical Committee will continue monitoring their status, and consider upgrading to Tier 2 if spawning continues to increase. WRIA 8 Habitat Goals ComponentHabitat i25 Goals 2055 Goals Cedar River Total connected floodplain acres Total connected floodplain acres between Lake Washington and between Lake Washington and Landsburg Diversion Dam will be Landsburg Diversion Dam will be at 1,170 acres (reconnect an additional least 1,386 acres by 2055 (recon- 130 acres) by 2025. nect on additional 346 acres). Average wood volume will quadru- Average wood volume between RM ple over current basin conditions to 4 and Landsburg Diversion Dam will 42 m3/100 m (RM 4 to Landsburg be 93 m3/100 m by 2055 (the Diversion Dam) by 2025. median standard wood volume for streams over 30 m bankfull width — Fox and Bolton, 2007). Sammamish River Areas of river will be cool enough to Riparian forest cover and thermal support Chinook salmon migration refugia along the river will help and survival (increase riparian cover keep it cool enough to support by at least 10% and add two thermal Chinook salmon migration and refugia) by 2025. survival by 2055. Streams Area of riparian cover in each Tier 1 Riparian areas along Tier 1 and Tier (Bear/Cottage Lake, Issaquah, and Tier 2 stream will increase by 2 streams will be of sufficient size Evans, Kelsey, Little Bear, North 10% over 2015 conditions by 2025. and quality to support sustainable creeks) and harvestable Chinook salmon Average wood volume will double populations in the watershed by over current basin conditions by 2055. 2025. Each Tier 1 and Tier 2 stream system will meet appropriate regional instream wood -loading standards by 2055. Lakes Natural lake shoreline' south of 1-90 Natural lake shoreline south of 1-90 (Lake Washington) and throughout on Lake Washington and throughout Lake Sammamish will double over Lake Sammamish will be restored 2015 conditions by 2025 adequately to supportjuvenile rearing and migration by 2055. Natural lake shoreline south of 1-90 on Lake Washington and throughout Natural vegetation within 25 feet of Lake Sammamish will be restored the shoreline south of 1-90 (Lake adequately to supportjuvenile Washington) and throughout Lake rearing and migration by 2055. Sammamish is restored adequately to supportjuvenile rearing and migration by 2055. Nearshore (Pocket Estuaries) Pocket estuaries along WRIA 8 Same as 2025 goal. shoreline will supportjuvenile Chinook salmon for rearing and migration (reconnect two stream mouth pocket estuaries) by 2025. "Natural lake shoreline' is defined by the WRIA 8 Technical Committee as,,without bulkhead, with slope and substrate matching historic lakeshore contours for the area under consideration. RM = River Mile Table D-1. WRIA 8 Habitat Goals n 0 ry While the number of habitat goals is relatively small, the Technical Committee considers them to be proxies for a larger set of expected habitat improvements. Some of these multiple benefits are described in the notes accompanying the goal narratives. Monitoring is necessary to track progress toward these goals (See Appendix A). Reporting will occur at five-year intervals. To align with other planning horizons and still be ecologically meaningful, we recommend that adaptive management course corrections occur in 2025, at which time goals will be re-examined and the next adaptive management planning horizon will be set. The Technical Committee will oversee monitoring efforts in the intervening periods and recommend changes if warranted by interim results. Cedar River Habitat Goals Short -Term Goal: Total connected floodplain acres between Lake Washington and Landsburg Diversion Dam will be 1,170 acres by 2025. Long -Term Goal: Total connected floodplain acres on the Cedar River between Lake Washington and Landsburg Diversion Dam will be at least 1,386 acres by 2055. Indicator: total connected floodplain areas. Reconnecting floodplains along the Cedar River is a key action and one of the highest priorities for Chinook salmon recovery in WRIA 8. Monitoring indicates that while juvenile Chinook salmon fry are density -independent (more redds = more fry), parr survival appears to be density -dependent (more redds ; more parr). For this goal, the moderate channel migration zone (CMZ) is used to define the floodplain area and assess floodplain connectivity. The moderate CMZ was chosen because this area could be actively engaged by the river by lateral migration, and therefore would directly (and positively) affect river processes. The WRIA 8 TC chose the CMZ rather than the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)100-year floodplain because of this direct relationship to the restoration of habitat -forming processes. There are 1,419 total floodplain acres on the Cedar River below the Landsburg Diversion Dam, using the moderate CMZ as the indicator of floodplain area. As of 2015 (WRIA 8 TC, unpublished data) approximately 380 acres, or 26 percent of the CMZ2 is behind levees, revetments, or other hard structures (i.e., disconnected). The pace of reconnection in the first 10 years of the 2005 Plan implementation (which averaged 6.44 acres per year, for a total of 64.4 acres) is insufficient to support long-term Chinook salmon viability in the watershed. The WRIA 8 TC determined that doubling that pace is appropriate as well as feasible. This would add 130 acres by 2025 and decrease the amount of disconnected floodplain from 26 percent to 17.5 percent of the total area. The 2055 goal would be to decrease the amount of disconnected floodplain further, to 9 percent of the CMZ or less. Short -Term Goal: Average wood volume will quadruple by 2025 relative to 2015 basin conditions (river mile [RM] 4 to Landsburg Diversion Dam) by 2025 (i.e., from 10.4 m3/100 m to 42 m3/100 m). Long -Term Goal: Average wood volume between RM 4 and Landsburg Diversion Dam will be 93 m3/100 m by 2055 (the median wood volume for streams over 30 meters bankfull width) (Fox and Bolton, 2007). Indicator: Average wood volume (m3/100 m) 2 All mentions of CMZ in this document refers to the moderate CMZ. Using a recent remote -sensing product (NOAA 2015), the WRIA 8 TC estimates 5.2 m2/100 m wood area in the Cedar River between RM 4 and Landsburg Diversion Dam. If the typical wood logjam is assumed to be 2 meters tall, the estimated wood volume would total 10.4 m3/100 m. This value is substantially below regional standards (Fox and Bolton, 2007) and needs to be enhanced. Even four o times the current value (42 m3/100 m) does not achieve the 25th percentile of the regional standard — and is still poor by that standard, but it is an ambitious goal to achieve by 2025. The 2055 goal would w be to reach the median value for streams over 30 meters bankfull width (i.e., 93 m3/100 m). o a Sammamish River Habitat Goals Short -Term Goal: Areas of river will be cool enough in 2025 to support Chinook salmon migration and a } survival. o Long -Term Goal: Riparian forest cover and thermal refugia along the river will keep it cool enough to — support Chinook salmon migration and survival by 2055. o a Indicator. Number of thermal refugia — target would be to add 2 by 2025. o Indicator: Acres of riparian forest — increase -2015 area by at least 10 percent by 2025. A recent remote -sensing product (NOAA 2015) detected zero incidence of large wood in the v o Sammamish River (WRIA 8 TC, unpublished GIS data). However, constructed logjams are known to be present in the Sammamish River in and near Redmond. Notwithstanding the few known logjams, the E TC considers the Sammamish River to reflect poor condition for wood volume. M A recent report on cooling options for the Sammamish River indicates that there are limited $ opportunities for creating thermal refugia along the river (R2 Resource Consultants 2010). As indicated t in the Strategies section of the Plan update, WRIA 8 and partners should also investigate other actions for cold -water supplementation. The target riparian forest cover area would add at least 45 acres by a 2025. Tier 1 and Tier 2 Wadeable Streams Habitat Goals v Short -Term Goal: Area of riparian cover in Tier 1 and Tier 2 stream will increase by 10 percent over current conditions (2015) by 2025. 3 Long -Term Goal: Riparian areas along Tier 1 and Tier 2 streams will be of sufficient size and quality to support sustainable and harvestable Chinook salmon populations in the watershed by 2055. E Indicator. Acres of riparian forest E • Bear/Cottage Lake Creek • Issaquah Creek a • North Creek `o • Little Bear Creek rn L • Evans Creek N 3 • Kelsey Creek This indicator will use a high -resolution land cover product by the NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program and/or Washington high -resolution land cover product. Short -Term Goal: Average. wood volume will double over 2015 basin conditions by 2025. Long- term goal is to meet appropriate standards (Fox and Bolton 2007) for each stream system. Individual n projects should strive to meet or exceed Fox Bolton (2007) standards 0 Long -Term Goal: Tier 1 and Tier 2 stream systems will meet appropriate regional instream wood- w loading standards by 2055. oIndicator. Wood volume (m3/100 m) a Bear/Cottage Lake Creek } Issaquah Creek 0 North Creek • Little Bear Creek `m • Evans Creek a • Kelsey Creek Wood volume is currently far below minimum standards for functional stream systems in every WRIA 8 stream (King County 2015). The TC acknowledges that the best realistic goal for streams inside the UGA would be to attain the 25th percentile of Fox and Bolton (2007) standards. Some WRIA 8 streams outside the UGA can realistically attain the 50th percentile, while a few may approach the 75th percentile in some reaches. The TC will encourage project proponents to install loads approaching the 75th percentile in appropriate projects. —6 This goal requires fieldwork to quantify current wood loads in these streams. The WRIA 8 TC will s determine whether a census -based or probabilistic sampling -based approach should be taken. U U a Lakes Habitat Goals Short -Term Goal: Natural lake edge habitats south of Interstate 90 (1-90) (Lake Washington) and a throughout Lake Sammamish will double over current conditions by 2025, Long -Term Goal: Natural lake edge habitat south of 1-90 (Lake Washington) and throughout Lake Sammamish will be restored adequately to support juvenile rearing and migration by 2055. tIndicator. Length of natural bank profile. N E "Natural bank profile" refers to a bank without bulkhead, with a slope and substrate matching historic E lakeshore contours. The southern ends of the lakes are the highest priority. A field survey will be E required to quantify current conditions. Short -Term Goal: Area of natural riparian vegetation within 25 feet of shoreline south of 1-90 (Lake 0 Washington) and throughout Lake Sammamish will double over 2015 conditions by 2025. a Long -Term Goal: Natural vegetation within 25 feet of the shoreline south of 1-90 (Lake Washington) and throughout Lake Sammamish will be restored adequately to supportjuvenile rearing and migration 3 by 2055. Indicator. Natural riparian vegetation within 25 feet of shoreline (acres). J Natural riparian shoreline refers to native trees and tall shrubs. This may also include projects from the City of Seattle's guide to environmentally sound alternatives to shoreline bulkheads (a.k.a. Green Shorelines projects — City of Seattle, nd). It may be possible to quantify current conditions via remote sensing. Note: the minimum assessment unit size is 25 feet by 25 feet. Marine Nearshore Habitat Goals Short -Term Goal: Pocket estuaries along WRIA 8 shoreline will supportjuvenile Chinook salmon for rearing and migration. Reconnect two stream mouth pocket estuaries by 2025. Indicator: Number of tributary stream mouths connected to nearshore. A stream mouth assessment that quantifies the number of stream mouths connected or disconnected is still needed. A "connected" stream is defined as connected to the nearshore through natural channel profile and delta formation processes. References City of Seattle. nd. Green Shorelines: Bulkhead alternatives for a healthier Lake Washington. Seattle, WA. http://www.govlink.org/watersheds/8/action/greenshorelines/ Fox, M. and S. Bolton. 2007 A regional and geomorphic reference for quantities and volumes of instream wood in unmanaged forested basins of Washington State. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 27:342-359. King County. 2015. Wadeable streams status and trends. http://www.kingcounty.gov/dents/dnrp/wlr/ sections -grog rams/scie nce-section/doing-science/wadeable-strea ms.aspx R2 Resource Consultants. 2010. Assessment of summer temperatures and feasibility and design of improved adult Chinook salmon thermal refuge habitat in the Sammamish River. Prepared for the Muckleshoot Indian Tribe Fisheries Division. Redmond, Washington. Protect and Restore Floodplain Connectivity Floodplains provide crucial habitat forjuvenile salmon to rear and find refuge from floods and o predators. Connected floodplains and associated riparian and instream habitat provide sources of large wood that slow fast-moving water and create channel complexity through braiding and formation of side channels, backwater channels, and off -channel wetlands. In addition, floodplain reconnection aimproves the connection between surface water and groundwater, and this connectivity provides a n source of cooler water and reduces the impacts of increased water temperatures from other factors. Z) This strategy will help decrease the negative impacts of nearby land use, levees and revetments, a problematic peak and low flows, and increased sediment and pollutant loads. It will also promote resilience to effects of climate change. Monitoring data suggest that —for the Cedar River especially — rearing capacity is a greater limitation than spawning capacity, and restoring floodplain connectivity is the best way to address this limitation. Reconnecting floodplains often provides additional benefits, such as reducing flood risk, improving recreational opportunities, and improving water quality. Focus areas: • Highest priority — Cedar River from Landsburg Diversion Dam to Lake Washington • Sammamish River — feasibility to implement may be limited • Issaquah Creek — throughout sub -basin, including Carey and Holder Creeks, with restoration especially important along Lower Issaquah Reaches 1 — 7 and Lower North Fork and East Fork • Bear Creek — throughout sub -basin, with restoration especially important along Lower Bear Reaches 1 — 7 and Cottage Lake Creek Reaches 1 and 2 • North, Little Bear, Evans, and Kelsey creeks, where opportunities exist Life stases: Juvenile rearing, especially parr migrant stage in the Cedar River. Relevant actions: Site -specific actions include installing levee setbacks, reducing or removing bank armoring to allow channel migration and interaction between the main channel and floodplain, and acquiring lands to protect areas featuring natural river processes or to enable future floodplain restoration work. Outreach/education actions include building support for funding and implementation of restoration projects, with fact sheets, media coverage, and tours. Land use actions include coordinating with and leveraging floodplain management to develop policies and identify areas where habitat and flood control benefits can be achieved jointly, and implementing and enforcing local government critical area ordinances and shoreline master programs (SMPs), especially buffer and setback requirements on rivers, streams, and lakeshore areas. Habitat goals: • Total connected floodplain acres on the Cedar River between Lake Washington and Landsburg Diversion Dam will be 1,170 acres by 2025. o Long-term goal: Total connected floodplain acres on the Cedar River between Lake Washington and Landsburg Diversion Dam will be at least 1,386 acres by 2055. • Current average wood volume in the Cedar River will quadruple between RM 4 and Landsburg Diversion Dam by 2025. o Long-term goal: Average wood volume in the Cedar River between RM 4 and Landsburg Diversion Dam will be 93 m3/100 m by 2055 (the median standard wood volume for streams over 30 meters bankfull width). Implementation goals: Reconnect 130 additional acres by 2025; increase wood volume from 10.4 m3/100 m to 42 m3/100 m by 2025. Protect and Restore Functional Riparian Vegetation Protecting and restoring riparian trees is important throughout the watershed and offers direct and indirect benefits to Chinook salmon via food web inputs, water quality protection (including reducing thermal, pollutant, and fine sediment inputs), and as a source of large wood for recruitment. This 0 strategy mitigates some of the impacts of land conversion and urbanization, shoreline armoring, — invasive plant infestations, polluted stormwater runoff and increased water temperature from climate change. In Tier 2 areas, this strategy is particularly important to prevent loss of spawning or rearing p habitat, ultimately protecting the spatial diversity of Chinook salmon in the watershed. By trapping Z) sediment and filtering pollutants, functional riparian buffers also reduce the impacts of nonpoint a pollution. w y Focus areas: 0 • Throughout the watershed along all Chinook salmon -bearing waterbodies in all Tier 1 and Tier 2 areas, including migratory corridors and the nearshore. Protection should occur where riparian a buffers are relatively intact (such as the upper Cedar River, Bear Creek Reaches 6 —15, Cottage o Lake/Cold Creeks, and Issaquah Creek Reaches 9 —12), and restoration should target areas where riparian buffer function is degraded. Life stapes: y o Lake rearing and stream rearing, spawning, migration Relevant actions: 0 Site -specific actions for protection include acquisition of intact riparian habitat. Site -specific actions for o restoration include the removal of invasive or noxious plants followed by replacement with native trees 0 and shrubs. Restoration efforts should target riparian corridors whether the land is publicly or privately owned. Outreach/education actions for both public and private landowners include reach -scale riparian stewardship programs (e.g., by nonprofits and jurisdictions) to remove invasive species and replace 3 them with native plantings. Additional actions include incentive programs and other means to encourage streamside landowners to adopt best management practices (BMPs). Plantings provide an opportunity to involve and educate volunteers. Land use actions include implementing and enforcing local government critical area ordinances and t SMPs, especially buffer and setback requirements on rivers, streams, and lakeshore areas. E Habitat goals: E • Area of riparian cover in each Tier 1 and Tier 2 stream increases by 10 percent over current E N conditions (2015) by 2025. o Long-term goal: Riparian areas along Tier 1 and Tier 2 streams are of sufficient size and quality to a u support sustainable and harvestable Chinook salmon populations in the watershed by 2055. o • Riparian cover along the Sammamish River increases by at least 10 percent to help make areas of the river cool enough to support Chinook salmon migration and survival by 2025. o Long-term goal: Riparian forest cover along the Sammamish River helps keep it cool enough to support Chinook salmon migration and survival by 2055. � Implementation goal: Increase riparian forest cover in each Tier 1 and Tier 2 stream, plus Sammamish J _ River, at least 10 percent over current conditions. Protect and Restore Channel Complexity Complex stream channels provide a range of habitats necessary for Chinook salmon spawning, rearing, and survival. They provide pools and eddies where salmon can rest, feed, and find refuge from predators and floods. Adding large wood can improve natural processes for maintaining or creating pools and riffles and sorting sediment and gravels, all of which create the complex habitat that salmon require. Increased wood loading will improve habitat complexity in nearly all areas of stream habitat within WRIA 8. Restoring channel complexity lessens the impacts of shoreline hardening, altered peak flows due to impervious surfaces, and increased water temperatures. Focus areas: Throughout the watershed, including the Cedar River and other Tier 1 streams (Bear/Cottage Lake, Issaquah); the Sammamish River; and Tier 2 streams, including Little Bear Creek, North Creek, Kelsey Creek, and Evans Creek. Life stages: Stream rearing, spawning Relevant actions: Site -specific actions for both public and private property include removing bank armoring, reactivating access to or re-creating side channels, and adding large woody debris or otherwise increasing hydraulic complexity in river and stream channels to reestablish habitat -forming processes.. Outreach/education actions include building support for funding and implementation of restoration projects, with fact sheets, media coverage, and tours. Land use actions include coordinating with and leveraging floodplain management efforts to develop policies and identify areas where habitat and flood control benefits can be achieved. Habitat goal: • Total connected floodplain acres on the Cedar River between Lake Washington and Landsburg Diversion Dam will be 1,170 acres by 2025. o Long-term goal: Total connected floodplain acres on the Cedar River between Lake Washington and Landsburg Diversion Dam will be at least 1,386 acres by 2055. • Current average wood volume in the Cedar River will quadruple between RM 4 and Landsburg Diversion Dam by 2025. o Long-term goal: Average wood volume in the Cedar River between RM 4 and Landsburg Diversion Dam will be 93 m3/100 m by 2055 (the median standard wood volume for streams over 30 meters bankfull width). • Average wood volume will double over current basin conditions in Tier 1 and Tier 2 streams by 2025. o Long-term goal: Tier 1 and Tier 2 stream systems meet appropriate regional instream wood loading standards by 2055. Implementation goal, Individual projects should strive to meet or exceed, as appropriate, the median values for wood volume found in Fox and Bolton (2007). Restore Shallow -water Rearing and Refuge Habitat Gently sloping sandy beaches maximize shallow -water habitat for lake -rearing juveniles outmigrating to Puget Sound, and can help provide refuge from native and non-native predators. Bulkheads or 0 other shoreline hardening and nighttime lighting affect juvenile behavior in ways that may increase N their susceptibility to predation. The effects of these changes can be mitigated in key areas through soft shoreline techniques and lighting modifications. Shallow -water rearing and refuge habitats are particularly critical in Lake Washington south of 190 as lake -rearing juveniles enter from the Cedar p River to rear in and migrate through the lake, as well as the south end of Lake Sammamish where D juveniles enter from Issaquah Creek. Improved shorelines throughout the migration corridor would a improve refuge from predation and provide terrestrial insects for food. j Focus areas: o • Highest priority — Lake Washington shoreline south of 1-90 (especially lakeshore Segments 1 and 2), including the southern end of Mercer Island • Lake Sammamish Life stages.• Lake rearing and juvenile migration Relevant actions: Site -specific actions include removing bulkheads, softening shorelines, planting native shoreline vegetation, and removing or retrofitting nighttime lighting to reduce effects on juvenile migration patterns. Outreach/education actions include promoting Green Shorelines messages and incentive/education programs (Green Shores for Homes, Shore Friendly, etc.) to landowners on both lakes, particularly in priority locations. Other outreach/education actions include raising awareness for/via realtors, and encouraging decision -makers to support protective regulations. Land use actions include implementing and enforcing local government critical area ordinances and SMPs, especially buffer and setback requirements. Habitat goal: • Natural lake edge habitat south of 1-90 on Lake Washington and throughout Lake Sammamish doubles over current conditions (2015) by 2025. o Long-term goal: Natural lake edge habitat south of 1-90 on Lake Washington and throughout Lake Sammamish is restored adequately to supportjuvenile rearing and migration by 2055. • Natural riparian vegetation within 25 feet of the shoreline south of 1-90 in Lake Washington and throughout Lake Sammamish doubles over current conditions (2015) by 2025. o Long-term goal: Natural vegetation within 25 feet of the shoreline south of I-90 in Lake Washington and throughout Lake Sammamish is restored adequately to supportjuvenile rearing and migration by 2055. r, 0 N w a 0 a a w } 0 Reconnect and Enhance Creek Mouths The area where a creek enters a river or lake provides habitat forjuvenile rearing and refuge from predators asjuveniles migrate to marine waters. Daylighting or restoring creeks, reducing their gradient to make them available to juvenile salmon, and removing armoring near creek mouths should restore their ecological function and reduce the impact of land cover conversion for residential, commercial, or industrial use, as well as the effects of predation. All creek mouths are important, but efforts should prioritize those in the south end of Lake Washington for rearing and migration to increase survival of Cedar Riverjuveniles. This includes enhancing the associated creek delta habitat. Focus areas: • Lake Washington shoreline south of 1-90, particularly south of Seward Park in Segments 1, 2, and 3 (including southern portion of Mercer Island) • Lake Sammamish • Sammamish River Life stages: Lake rearing and juvenile migration Relevant actions: Site -specific actions include acquiring land to protect creeks or enable restoration, daylighting creeks or otherwise restoring the lower segments to reduce their gradient and make them available to juvenile salmon (-100 meters from mouth), and removing armoring. Outreach/education actions include building support for funding and implementation of restoration projects, including fact sheets, media coverage, and tours. Land use actions include implementing and enforcing local government critical area ordinances and SMPs, especially buffer and setback requirements. Protect and Restore Cold -water Sources and Reduce Thermal Barriers to Migration Areas of water warmer than about 65 degrees F can delay migration, diminish spawning success, CN and contribute to pre -spawn mortality. While other strategies help protect and restore cold water _ sources (e.g., floodplain reconnection, riparian cover and forest retention throughout the watershed), u, this strategy focuses specifically on key areas known to be migratory bottlenecks, or where problems o could develop for other life stages through climate change impacts. Because ocean -type Chinook a salmon do not live in fresh water during summer, the effects of increased summer temperature are less pronounced for them than for other resident salmonids. However, high water temperatures w may indirectly exacerbate other stresses to Chinook salmon (e.g., disease) as they migrate or rear, o ultimately affecting their survival and/or ability to reproduce. This emerging issue will be tracked and adaptively managed, particularly as it affects key life stages. Cold -water sources will become more important throughout the watershed for all life stages, notjust migration, as water temperatures 0 a increase. _ 0 Focus areas: • Ship Canal d • Sammamish River c o U Life stages: C 0 Adult migration, juvenile migration —E� Relevant actions: o Site -specific actions include limiting water withdrawals and, where necessary, testing and creating engineered solutions (e.g., creating cool water refugia in the Ship Canal, withdrawing cool water [hypolimnetic withdrawal] from Lake Washington and inserting it into the Ship Canal). Increasing shade (see Strategy to Protect and Restore Functional Riparian Vegetation) will have limited benefits in isolation but may be an important part of an overall strategy. Outreach/education actions include developing fact sheets and media coverage to raise public awareness; encouraging adoption of green infrastructure BMPs (e.g., planting trees, improving infiltration) by development community and landowners; and involving volunteers in plantings (see riparian strategy). Land use actions include implementing and enforcing local government critical area ordinances and SMPs, especially buffer and setback requirements on rivers, streams, and lakeshore areas. Habitat goal: • Areas of Sammamish River are cool enough to support Chinook salmon migration and survival by 2025. o Long-term goal: Temperatures in the Sammamish River do not pose a thermal barrier to migration by 2055. Implementation goal, Complete two thermal refugia projects in the Sammamish River by 2025; increase riparian forest cover by at least 10 percent over current conditions by 2025. 0 N Improve Juvenile and Adult Survival at the Ballard Locks The primary fish passage barrier in the watershed is the Ballard Locks, which affects salmon survival and the timing of adult and juvenile passage into and out of the watershed. As a legacy land use impact that forever changed the hydrology of the watershed, the pressure exerted by the Ballard Locks can be mitigated but not removed. Measures to improve fish passage conditions and survival through the Ballard Locks are of paramount importance. This strategy focuses on USACOE funding and implementing critical facility upgrades to ensure effective fish passage and continued safe facility operation. Focus area: Ballard Locks Life stapes: Adult migration, juvenile migration Relevant actions: Site -specific actions include improving fish passage facilities in concert with overall structural improvements. Fish passage improvements include updating or replacing smolt flumes, replacing large lock filling culvert valves and machinery (i.e., Stoney Gate valves) permanently screening off the diffuser well to prevent entrainment of salmon in the saltwater drain, ensuring effective passage at the fish ladder, scraping the filling culverts annually to remove barnacles and prevent harm to fish, and implementing "reasonable and prudent measures" identified in the Lake Washington Ship Canal Biological Opinion. Outreach/education actions include outreach to state legislators, Congress, and federal agencies through fact sheets, media coverage, and tours, and building support for funding among decision -makers. Regulatory actions include supporting National Marine Fisheries Service and USACOE work to update the Biological Opinion for operation of the Ballard Locks, with salmon passage and survival needs as a primary consideration, including updated and revised "reasonable and prudent measures" and other required actions. Pressure reduction goal: • By 2025, the USACOE has completed critical fish passage facility improvements at the Ballard Locks for both adults and juveniles. Reduce Predation of Juvenile Migrants and Lake -rearing Fry Predation of juvenile Chinook salmon by native and non-native species is a long -suspected issue affecting juvenile survival in the freshwater system, especially in Lake Washington, Lake Sammamish, and the Ship Canal. The magnitude of the problem is not well quantified, and ongoing research is attempting to clarify the relative impact of predation on freshwater juvenile survival in WRIA 8. Additionally, emerging research suggests that artificial nighttime lighting may alter juvenile fish behavior in a way that makes them more susceptible to predators and increases the length of time predators actively feed. With improved juvenile survival, greater numbers of adults are likely to return, boosting the odds for recovering a self-sustaining Chinook salmon population. Focus areas: • Lake Washington • Ship Canal (Ballard Locks to Portage Bay) • Lake Sammamish Life stages: Juvenile migration, lake rearing Relevant actions: Site -specific actions will be determined once sub -strategies are better defined but could include predator control (e.g., bounties on native and non-native fish that are determined to cause significant predation on Chinook salmon juveniles, or removal of predators from focal areas such as parts of the Ship Canal), artificial light modifications, and improvement of coho salmon habitat to diminish cutthroat trout success. Actions that reduce water temperatures and remove or mitigate overwater structures (represented in other strategies) may also reduce pedation. Outreach or education actions will be determined once current research clarifies predation impacts and management actions that address them. Remove or Reduce Impact of Overwater Structures Removing or reducing the impact of overwater structures works to alleviate the pressure of residential oand commercial land use along the lakeshores and migration corridors. This strategy reduces the effects of docks, piers, pilings, and other overwater structures that make juveniles more susceptible to predation since docks can provide cover for predators and/orjuveniles will avoid overwater structures aand move to deeper water where they are more susceptible to predators. The primary purpose of this strategy is to improve juvenile survival during lake rearing and outmigration. a Focus areas: y Lake Washington, especially south Lake Washington in Segments 1 and 2, including southern end of o Mercer Island, and Segment 7 at the north end of the lake iF17�. ,, u'i ,7—Hrr,ZnP c a Sammamish River o Ship Canal z Life stage: o Lake rearing and juvenile migration U o Relevant actions: Site -specific actions include removing or consolidating docks, piers, and pilings, or retrofitting existing Y docks with grating to allow natural light to reach the water (or other modifications if indicated by new $ data). c Outreach/education actions include promoting Green Shorelines messages and incentive/education m programs (Green Shores for Homes, Shore Friendly, etc.) to landowners on both lakes, particularly in priority locations. Other outreach/education actions include raising awareness for/via realtors, and 3 encouraging decision -makers to support protective regulations. a NLand use actions include implementing and enforcing local government critical area ordinances and SMPs, especially buffer and setback requirements. Remove Fish Passage Barriers Ensuring that Chinook salmon can access a range of habitat types is important for all life stages, but fish passage is not a primary limiting factor in WRIA 8 for many life stages of Chinook, especially since the two largest passage barriers that existed at the time of the ESA listing —the Landsburg Diversion 0 N Dam and the Issaquah Hatchery Intake Dam —have been addressed. Providing juvenile Chinook — salmon with access to more area for rearing, especially in small channels where many fish passage barriers still exist, is important. Also, ensuring juvenile access to available cooler water habitat can o mitigate the effects of increased water temperatures. Removing barriers to fish passage is also an important strategy to ensure that Tier 2 areas are not further degraded and that spatial diversity of the Q populations is not hampered by cutting off habitat through current or future land use. Although most Lit barriers in the watershed affecting Chinook salmon are thought to be partial rather than full, these barriers could degrade and create larger impediments to fish passage. As development continues and new roads are built, creek crossings should be minimized to prevent future barriers, and new crossings should use bridges or culverts designed to accommodate fish passage. a Focus areas: c 0 • Issaquah Creek sub -basin (middle and upper, North Fork) • Lower reaches of some upper Cedar River tributaries within the Cedar River Municipal Watershed o U • Little Bear Creek o E • Kelsey Creek (includes private culverts) • Creek mouths along the lakeshores or nearshore that restrict juvenile access (Snohomish County 0 0 has identified all barrier culverts in their jurisdiction) • Tributary connections along the Sammamish River inaccessible due to perched culverts v 6F Life stage: a of Juvenile rearing and adult migration a m Relevant actions: Site -specific actions include replacing barrier culverts with passable culverts, conducting an inventory v of barriers, and prioritizing key areas. Fish passage improvements should target both public and 3 private culverts. s D Protect and Restore Forest Cover and Headwater Areas n Retaining forest cover and functional upland habitat in areas throughout the watershed is important o for water quantity and quality, particularly to address changes in winter peak flows, summer low flows, and water temperatures as climate change progresses. This strategy reduces the impacts of land conversion, pollutant- and sediment -filled runoff, and changes in water flow and temperature. Since aimplementation of the 2005 Plan, many of the opportunities to purchase or protect headwater areas have been acted on or otherwise addressed. Remaining opportunities are limited but exist along the middle and upper reaches of Bear/Cottage Lake, Issaquah, Little Bear, and North creeks. Incentivizing w and regulating retention of forest cover and reforestation on private lands, as well as reducing r impervious cover through low -impact development (LID) practices, are likely to indirectly benefit all life o stages of WRIA 8 Chinook salmon populations. Focus areas: • Bear Creek — especially upper Bear Creek Reaches 7 —14, and throughout Cottage Lake Creek and Cold Creek • Issaquah Creek — especially along Carey and Holder creeks, middle Issaquah Creek Reaches 11 and 12, Fifteenmile Creek, and East Fork Issaquah Creek • Upper reaches and headwaters areas of all Tier 2 sub -basins Life stage: All life stages benefit but this is not a key strategy for any specific life stage. Relevant actions: Site -specific actions include fee -simple land acquisition, transfer of development rights, and conservation easements to protect intact forestlands, especially in areas where contiguous forest cover can be protected. Restoration is focused on reforestation of lands outside the riparian corridor. Outreach/education actions include streamside landowner outreach, and awareness and incentive programs focused on retaining forest cover, reforestation, and reducing impervious cover through LID practices. Land use actions include implementing and enforcing local government critical area ordinances and SMPs, especially buffer and setback requirements on rivers and streams, and offering incentives to retain forest cover and plant forested areas. Provide Adequate Streamflow Adequate streamflow is important to provide habitat during critical rearing and migration stages. This strategy, intended to address the impacts of both high and low flows, would reduce the impacts of land conversion, water withdrawals, increasing water temperatures, scouring events, and fish passage barriers. Reducing illegal withdrawals and protecting or enhancing flows are important actions throughout WRIA 8, especially in the Sammamish River basin and its tributaries, and may become more important in the future as climate changes. Focus areas: • Bear Creek — especially upper Bear Creek Reaches 7 through 16, and Cottage Lake Creek and Cold Creek • Issaquah Creek — especially North Fork Issaquah Creek Reach 1 • Sammamish River Life stage.• All life stages benefit but this is not a key strategy for any specific life stage. Relevant actions: Actions to protect instream flows include reconnecting floodplains, preventing illegal withdrawals, and protecting aquifers and critical aquifer recharge areas (CARA). Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) projects that improve groundwater recharge could help sustain streamflow. Outreach/education actions include promoting water conservation and LID to the general public, and incentivizing retention of forest cover and reforestation to private landowners and the development community. Land use actions include implementing and enforcing local government development regulations and stormwater regulations (e.g., National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System [NPDES] permits), protecting groundwater recharge areas through CARA protections, enforcing prohibition of illegal water withdrawals or other flow -altering practices, and reducing impervious cover through LID and GSI t- o N Restore Sediment Processes Necessary for Key Life Stages This strategy addresses two issues — excessive fine-grained sediments and insufficient spawning gravel. An excess of fine sediment is of concern during incubation, when redds/eggs can be suffocated by fine particles. Beneficial gravels for spawning can be lacking where natural sediment recruitment processes are interrupted. This strategy reduces the impacts of land conversion, shoreline hardening, and impervious surface runoff. Focus areas: • All Tier 2 sub -basins • Issaquah Creek • Cedar River Life stages: Spawning and incubation Relevant actions: Site -specific actions include protecting confluence areas that provide high quality spawning gravel, removing shoreline armoring, placing instream wood, and planting riparian areas. Outreach/education actions to reduce the amount of fine sediments include promoting water quality BMPs and green infrastructure programs to landowners and developers in priority areas, incentivizing retention of forest cover and reforestation of private lands, as well as reducing impervious cover through LID practices. Land use actions include implementing and enforcing local government development regulations and stormwater regulations, and reducing impervious cover through LID and GSI. Strategy addresses a key pressure for highest priority life stages Restore Natural Marine Shorelines Preventing and removing bulkheads and armoring along the marine shoreline will allow for a more natural shoreline with increased overhanging vegetation, connected drift cells and pocket estuaries, o and increased extent of eelgrass beds and forage fish spawning habitat. These features will improve the marine food web function and increase success of juvenile Chinook salmon rearing and migrating. The BNSF railway runs along most of the WRIA 8 marine shoreline, severely limiting restoration a opportunities. However, any shoreline enhancement or restoration will offer regional salmon recovery o benefits, as Chinook salmon from other watersheds also rear in or migrate through the WRIA 8 nearshore. Opportunities exist to enhance the habitat in front of the BNSF railway through beach a nourishment, as well as behind or above BNSF through riparian restoration. Identifying and restoring shoreline sediment processes is also important to support habitat for primary Chinook prey species, such as sand lance and smelt. — Focus Area: • Entire WRIA 8 marine nearshore (Snohomish County and King County have identified potential beach nourishment locations that could be used to support prioritization) Life stages: Juvenile migration and marine rearing Relevant actions: Site -specific actions may include removing bulkheads and shoreline armoring to enable habitat - forming processes, and completing beach nourishment projects where beach substrates need supplementation or where restoring habitat -forming processes is not feasible. The replacement of culverts under the railroad with bridges or trestles can also facilitate greater sediment transport to the nearshore, enabling beach formations to establish and persist. Establishment of pocket beaches and coves can also provide important rearing and refuge opportunities, especially close to the Ballard Locks. Outreach/education actions include outreach to property owners, including jurisdictions and BNSF, to promote green and shoreline softening alternatives to bulkheads and other shoreline armoring; project -specific fact sheets; media coverage; and tours. Land use actions include implementing and enforcing local government SMP regulations, and working with regional partners and BNSF to identify and implement priority beach nourishment actions. n 0 ry Reconnect Backshore Areas and Pocket Estuaries Many backshore areas and pocket estuaries (generally defined here as small creek mouths) have been disconnected from Puget Sound, resulting in a lack of tidal inundation and reducing or preventing access by migrating adult and juvenile salmon. Along the nearshore, creek mouths provide important rearing habitat, and recent research suggests these areas are important to the overall life history of Puget Sound salmon. Much of the WRIA 8 shoreline is disconnected from the Sound by armoring from the railroad prism, but juvenile salmon need viable rearing and refuge locations along the shoreline wherever possible. This strategy will mitigate the effects of the railroad, perched culverts, and shoreline hardening in commercial and residential areas. Focus area: • Entire WRIA 8 marine nearshore, with particular emphasis on those small streams that have the greatest potential to offer non -natal rearing habitat Life stages: Juvenile migration and marine rearing (for all populations in the evolutionarily significant unit south of WRIA 8, and potentially the WRIA 7 population in the northernmost portions of the watershed) Relevant actions: Site -specific actions include replacing culverts or other obstructions in a manner that allows natural processes and tidal interaction with backshore habitat, daylighting streams along the nearshore, and reconnecting tidal wetlands and pocket estuaries that have been disconnected (in many cases by the railroad). Outreach/education actions include outreach to property owners, including jurisdictions and BNSF; project -specific fact sheets; media coverage; and tours. Land use actions include implementing and enforcing local government SMP regulations, and working with regional partners, state and federal agencies, local governments, and BNSF to reconnect pocket estuaries where coastal streams flow into Puget Sound through culverts under the railroad tracks. Habitat goal: • Pocket estuaries along WRIA 8 shoreline support juvenile Chinook salmon for rearing and migration. Implementation goal: Reconnect two pocket estuaries (tributary stream mouths) to the nearshore by 2025. Protect and Restore Marine Water and Sediment Quality Improving marine water and sediment quality where possible and capping contaminated sediment in the nearshore, especially near commercial and industrial areas, may improve early marine survival directly or indirectly. Additional research is needed to better understand how impaired marine water and sediment affect Chinook salmon early marine survival and the food web. WRIA 8 will track and adaptively manage this emerging issue. The strategy will mitigate the legacy and current impacts of land conversion and of point and nonpoint source pollution. Focus areas: Portions of the WRIA 8 marine nearshore affected by commercial or industrial water or sediment quality issues Life stages: Juvenile migration and marine rearing Relevant actions: Site -specific actions will be determined through adaptive management. Most water quality issues will be more appropriately addressed through regulatory site cleanup and remediation, although creosote - treated in -water structures may fall outside of the regulatory landscape. Improve Water Quality "Water quality" is multi -faceted and intersects with salmon recovery in many ways. The purpose of this n 0 strategy is to support water quality improvements beyond water quality permit requirements through encouraging individuals and jurisdictions to participate in voluntary and incentive -based programs. Improvements should target reductions in polluted runoff from impervious surfaces, nonpoint source apollution, fine sediment inputs, and altered flows. This strategy is primarily implemented through o education and outreach programs. Several water quality elements are also addressed by other Z) strategies in this section (local and regional planning, regulations, and permitting; protect and restore wcold water sources and reduce thermal barriers to migration). New regional research is underway to identify possible impacts of polluted stormwater runoff on Chinook salmon, and any findings will be adaptively managed at the local level and in implementation of the 2017 Plan. m Focus areas: FL Throughout watershed, primarily in areas with higher stormwater management needs, including o existing developed areas and areas likely to experience development pressure. v Life stapes: c All Relevant actions: Outreach/education actions aim to promote water quality BMPs (such as landscaping and livestock management practices), and LID and green infrastructure incentive programs. Land use actions include improving stormwater management to provide detention, infiltration, or spill containment facilities where practicable; improving pollution control at commercial facilities (especially marinas); incentivizing LID; and implementing GSI practices. Integrate Salmon Recovery Priorities into Local and Regional Planning, Regulations, and Permitting Local jurisdictions, state agencies, and federal agencies should consult the WRIA 8 plan for the best available science on incorporating Chinook salmon requirements into required planning for shorelines, land use, water quality, and project permitting. The 2005 Plan and this update are built on the assumption that regulations are protective and supportive of sustaining salmon in the watershed; the other strategies articulated in the plan provide the additional ecological lift necessary for recovery. While WRIA 8 staff will not track these actions specifically, or likely fund capital projects through the process, this strategy is foundational to the others. Focus areas: • Throughout watershed Life stages: All Relevant actions: Outreach/education actions will promote the WRIA 8 plan as best available science for regulatory updates and permitting. These actions will also promote model programs where jurisdictions successfully implement their regulatory programs in a manner that aligns with Chinook salmon recovery strategies. Land use actions for integrating salmon recovery priorities include developing and updating land use regulations to include provisions that seek to protect salmon habitat needs. These salmon habitat needs include large shoreline and riparian buffers and setbacks, strong stormwater management standards, appropriately restrictive development codes and standards, and effective protections for critical and environmentally sensitive areas. Goal: • Land use regulations limit additional habitat degradation and support all habitat restoration goals through implementation of recovery strategies and actions. r 0 N Continue Existing and Conduct New Research, Monitoring, and Adaptive Management on Key Issues Specific research and monitoring are necessary to ensure that the latest science informs implementation of recovery strategies and actions. The MAP (Appendix A) details the indicators that should be tracked to support a complete adaptive management cycle. This strategy highlights research and monitoring needed to further develop or refine strategies or address data gaps on specific issues critical for recovery. These include emerging issues such as impacts on salmon survival from predation, artificial light, and climate change. WRIA 8 relies on regional research for issues related to stormwater impacts and early marine survival, such as the Salish Sea Marine Survival Project. Focus areas: Throughout watershed, as determined by priority issues or data needs Life stages: All, primarily salmon population recovery bottlenecks (e.g., stream and lake rearing and migration) Specific research underway: Fish use of habitat restoration projects (i.e., project effectiveness), juvenile passage and survival at the Ballard Locks, predation in the Ship Canal and Lake Washington, and effects of artificial light on juvenile salmon behavior and survival Goal: Gaps are identified where future research is needed; feasibility studies are implemented to identify possible options for reducing temperatures in the Ship Canal and Sammamish River. Increase Awareness of and Support for Salmon Recovery While most strategies include specific outreach/education actions to support their implementation this strategy is entirely focused on the importance of raising awareness of and broadening support o for salmon recovery in general. The intent of this strategy is to ensure watershed -wide awareness of ry salmon, agreement on the ecological, cultural, recreational and economic importance of salmon in the watershed, and an understanding of the individual actions that can support salmon recovery. With a growing human population in the watershed and many new residents who may be unfamiliar with o Chinook salmon, this strategy is critical to meeting specific habitat and Chinook salmon population goals articulated in this plan. CY a Focus areas: W o Throughout watershed — Life stages: All Relevant actions: Outreach/education actions include continuing to coordinate the Salmon SEEson program and other general salmon recovery awareness -building to increase public knowledge of, interest in, and support for salmon recovery, such as Cedar River Salmon Journey, Beach Naturalists. Additional actions include behavior change programs, and outreach and education for key audiences, including elected officials, schoolchildren, development and landscaping industries, and shoreline and streamside property owners. Goal: • Education and outreach actions support all habitat restoration goals. LAKE WASH INGTON/CEDAR/SAMMAMISH WATERSHED (WRIA 8) CHINOOK SALMON CONSERVATION PLAN I 4f AMISt�' 10 YEAR UPDATE 2017 APPENDIX F Site -Specific Projects List WRIA 8 Salmon Habitat Project List Monday, October 02, 2017 b Cedar River APPLICABLE STRATEGIES LEGEND: Protect and restore _ floodplain connectivity Protect and restore functional riparian vegetation Protect and restore channel complexity Restore shallow water rearing and refuge habitat —�-� Reconnect and enhance creek mouths Protect and restore cold water sources and reduce thermal barriers to migration Improve juvenile and adult survival at the Ballard Locks Reduce predation on juvenile migrants and lake - rearing fry Remove (or reduce impacts of) overwater structures Remove fish passage barriers Protect and restore forest cover and headwater areas Provide adequate stream flow Restore sediment processes necessary for key life stages Restore natural marine shoreline Reconnect backshore areas and pocket estuaries Protect and restore marine water and sediment quality, especially near commercial and industrial areas Improve water quality Integrate salmon recovery priorities into local and regional planning, regulations, and permitting (SMP, CAO, NPDES, etc.) Continue existing and conduct new research, monitoring, and adaptive management on key issues !� Increase awareness and support for salmon recovery Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 r M Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Cedar River Stewardship -in -Action Description p other Considerations Applicable S PP Strategies Control invasive plants and replantthe riparian corridor throughout the Lower Cedar River, with a specific focus on private properties and educating I Project Number CR-0.21-BB landowners on ways to become streamside stewards.. Four -Near Work Plan? Project Location Riparian gemnon Yes Lower Cedar River Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Restore Riparian Habitat in Reach 1 Description P other Considerations Applicable PP cable Strategies Focus on knotweed control throughout the reach, Habitat restoration opportunities in as well as riparian restoration where possible, especially along the right bank. Explore additional this reach are limited due to the flood protection requirements of I Project Number CR-0-1.1-RB opportunities to reduce the effects of artificial the Corps 205 project. The US Army nighttime lighting beyond the mitigation requirements for the 2016 dredging project. Corps of Engineers will have to be consulted on any habitat Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? restoration done in this area. Strict restrictions on planting along R'P°"'n vesecarion No Renton levees in this area, but there may be opportunities for planting on the right bank. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total R3 Renton Senior Center Habitat Improvement Description P Opportunities, Constraints, andDescri other Considerations Applicable Strategies Create a shallow alcove with large wood in the lawn area between the Renton Senior Center and the existing river bank (right bank). Plant the lawn Will create shallow, low velocity edge habitat with overhanging native vegetation that supports �{ Project Number CR-1.1-RB with riparian vegetation. juvenile Chinook rearing and refuge from high flows in the river. Project developed through Renton's Lower 1 Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? Cedar River Restoration Assessment (Site ill). R,Pariao Cnen,_I Vegetation Complexity Yes Renton Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total 276000 276000 Opportunities, Constraints, and Cedar River Trail Relocation Description P other Considerations Applicable Strategies Relocate the Cedar River Trail along the right bank between RM 1.1 and RM 1.45 from its current riverside location to Bronson Way N. Create a Will create shallow, low velocity edge habitat with overhanging native vegetation that supports �{ Project Number CR-1.1-1.45-RB shallow habitat bench in the footprint of the juvenile Chinook rearing and refuge 1 existing trail. from high flows in the river. Project developed through Renton's Lower .y Four -Year project Location Work Plan? Cedar River Restoration Assessment (Site g2). R,panan Channel V"esetanne Complexity Yes Renton - Senior Center to Bronson Way Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total 1230000 1230000 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammemish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 and Constraints, , Cedar Reach 2 Left Bank Vegetation g Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Improvement Project Remove invasive vegetation and plant native Relatively low Chinook benefit but riparian vegetation on left bank in areas where mature trees do not exist between Houser Way N also low cost, low permitting complexity, and high ecological and Project Number CR-1.1-1.6-LB and Logan Ave N. Potential for large wood implementation benefits when placement at toe of hank in selected locations. combined with nearby she opportunities. Project refined Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? through Renton's Lower Cedar River Restoration Assessment (Site Riparian V... tnion Yes Renton gq), Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total 252000 252000 Opportunities, Constraints, and Right Bank Habitat Enhancement Description other Considerations o A Applicable Strategies Remove soft surface trail and invasive vegetation High Chinook benefits at relatively on right bank (area currently fenced off) and create shallow habitat bench with large wood and low cost and with low permitting complexity. Project identified in is Project Number CR-1.5-RB native riparian vegetation where there is room to Lower Cedar River Restorationexcavate without removing mature trees. Assessment(Site#5). Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? UK No Renton Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total // i Riparian Restoration in City -Owned Parks Description P Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Restore riparian areas in city -owned parks Work occurring from upstream of upstream of 1-005. 1-605 to area behind Ran Regis Park. Currently being led by �{ Project Number CR-1.6-5.2-BB Forterra in partnership with City of Renton. 1 Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Yes Renton Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Descri tion other Considerations Applicable Strategies Theater is Create shallow, sandy alcove; add large wood; and plant native riparian vegetation in lawn area in front of Carco Theater. Area is heavily used for river access. An alternative could be to shift the location of the alcove upstream toNumber Project CR-1.74.8-RB the property corner, but this optioncould involve removing mature trees. Could offer relatively high Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? Chinook benefit for a low cost. Project developed through awenao chaO vecetanon c..91.xmv No Renton Renton's Lower Cedar River Restoration Assessment (Site #6). Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Left Bank Backwater/Alcove Restoration Description P o other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Excavate an alcove or backwateron the left bank Could offer relatively high Chinook at RM 1.85 —1.9 to complement Tri-Park Plan site improvements. Retain mature trees, install large benefit for a low cost. Project developed through Renton's Lower is Project j CR-1.9-LB wood, and plant native riparian vegetation. Cedar River RestorationNumber Assessment (Site #9). Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location R,ahan Channel Ve;emfian Complexity No Renton Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Reach 3 Right Bank Upland and Riparian Description P other Considerations Applicable PP cable Strategies Restoration Remove invasive vegetation and restore riparian Apartment complex currently has buffer adjacent to Riviera Apartments. Explore opportunities to remove impervious surface area extensive impervious surface area. Partial buyout would be necessary Project Number CR-2.1-2.4-RB and bank hardening on site. to achieve high benefits. Project 1 refined through Renton's Lower Cedar River Restoration Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? Assessment (Site #8). Aligns with Cedar Corridor Plan Habitat Riaarian vegetation No Renton Opportunity Area #2. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total My Cedar Reach 3 Side Channel Enhancement P Lion Opportunities, Constraints, andDescri other Considerations Applicable Strategies Project Create flow through conditions at an existing Project developed through backwater side channel. Improve habitat features within the channel and the adjacent riparian areas. Renton's Lower Cedar River Restoration Assessment (She #10). Project Number CR-3.2-LB y Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Cha,,.i Yes Renton Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total 488000 488000 Opportunities, Constraints, and Maplewood Neighborhood Acquisitions and Descri Lion P other Considerations Applicable Strategies Floodplain Restoration Pursue buyouts in this neighborhood and study Corresponds in part with the the feasibility of restoring thefloodplain, including removal of bank hardening. Maplewood Neighborhood Improvements project in the Flood Project Number CR-3.4-4.3-118 Control District's Cedar River Capital Investment Strategy (proposed' Align, Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? h i Cedar Corridor PlanHabitat Opportunity Area#3. Fiooapi„o connenwrty No Renton Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chlnook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Restore Right Bank Side Channel g Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Control invasive plants and replant native vegetation and conifers in vicinity of title channel on the right bank on property owned by 5� Project Number CR-4.6-4.9-RB Maplewood Heights Home Owners Association and City of Renton, across from golf course and downstream of landslide. Benefits could be gained r.rr Four -Year Project Location I Work Plan? by the upstream end of the side channel being reconnected; investigate whether to reconnect or channel R,,nan cnmp.e,¢y vegecauon No Renton allow the river to reconnect it on its own. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Protect and Restore Habitat in Ron Regis Park escr Di tion p other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Explore ways to restore habitat forming processes Restoration in this area should be on the left bank adjacent to Ron Regis Park. Project elements could include removing bank sequenced with restoration just upstream at the Elliot Bridge site. an Project CR-4.9-5.2-LB armoring and installing large wood. Restoration Number options should include lower Madsen Creek. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location l �avn�<tm�ry [omn a'b No Renton Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total s MA m Elliot Bridge Acquisitions and Floodplain Description P Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable PP cable Strategies Restoration Acquire parcels near the former Elliot Bridge site Portion of area already in public to enable floodplain restoration. Acquisition priorities include two parcels on the right bank just ownership. Some enhancements already performed through King Project Number CR-5.2-5.6-1311 upstream of the Punnett Briggs revetment and up County Mitigation Reserves - tofourparcelsontheleftbankalongtheriverand 149th Ave SE. Once property is acquired, restore Program projects on left and right bank. Corresponds in part with the Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? thefloodplain, including setting backor removing the Elliot Bridge levee, removing the old Elliot Elliot Bridge Reach Neighborhood Improvements in the Flood Control rioodpi,m cO°Oe" ioib� Yes King County Bridge abutments and portions of 149th Ave., and District's Cedar River Capital potentially removing the toe rock from the Orting Hill revetment (left in place following a mitigation Investment Strategy (proposed medium -term action). Aligns with Estimated Project Costs project). As part of this restoration, evaluate relocation of lower Madsen Creek to enhance Cedar Corridor Plan Habitat Opportunity Area#4, which Acquisition Restoration Total habitat conditions in the creek. identifies the potential for levee setbacks and riparian Bucks Curve Buyout and Restoration Description p Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Continue property acquisitions from RM 5.7 to RM Corresponds in part to Lower Jones 6.3 (all parcels between river and Jones Road). Once land acquired, remove Tobacco -Dotson, Road project in Flood Control Districts Cedar River Capital - Project Number CR-5.7-6.3-RB Lund, and Buck's Curve revetments and relocate Investment Strategy (proposed Jones Road outside of the channel migration zone. near -term action). Aligns with Cedar Corridor Plan Habitat Four -Year project Location Work Plan? Opportunity Area#5. no�epa�o eo�rerc:�ry Yes King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 0 a ro M r� MA i t7 Lake Washington/CedarfSammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Descri tlon Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Acquire parcels and set back the Herzman levee to Corresponds in part with the improve function of and access to floodplain on backside of levee. Additional actions include Herzman Levee Setback and Trail Stabilization project in the Flood Project Number CR-6.3-6.7-RB placement of large wood in the river and Control Districts Cedar River ' floodplain, planting native vegetation, and creation of side -channels and backwater areas Capital Investment Strategy (proposed near -term action). Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? where possible. Current acquisition efforts are focused on the parcels adjacent to the river, but Portion of area already in public ownership. Aligns with Cedar Floodplain co°n-chaiD� Yes King County over the long-term acquiring all parcels within the Corridor Plan Habitat Opportunity moderate channel migration zone would enable a larger area to be reconnected to the river. Area p6. Estimated Project Costs r��p estoration Total 5900000 Opportunities, Constraints, and Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Acquire parcels on the right bank across from the Riverbend site and remove additional portions of the left bank levee (which cannot be removed in Project Number CR-6.5-7.4-1313-P2 Phase I due to potential right bank flood risks). Also, set back the Brassfield Maxwell Guth revetment on the right bank and restore the right Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? bank floodplain. Floodplain ponmtwny No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total I ri MA Opportunities, Constraints, and ftiverbend Floodplain Restoration Description p other Considerations Applicable Strategies Remove or relocate portions of the levees along Already in public ownership. Aligns the Riverbend property and Cavanaugh Pond Natural Area (left bank) to allow for floodplain with Cedar Corridor Plan Habitat Opportunity Area N7. Project Number CR-6.5-7.4-LB-P1 reconnection to benefit multiple species. Include floodplain and mainstem habitat features, side channels, etc. Acquisition partially funded by King Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? County Mitigation Reserves Program. FlcnaN.=�� Connecemq Yes King County Estimated Project Costs r�7 estoration Total 7500000 7500000 Opportunities, Constraints, and Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Restoration at Cook/Jeffries Levee \� Pursue easement orfee acquisition to protect the riparian buffer behind the Cook/Jeffries levee; with sufficient acquisition, setback the levee and Project Number R B CR-7.8-8.2- restore the floodplain. 1 Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Riparian Floodciain veee+aann Ccnnennauy No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 LiL r/ lA Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Scott -Indian Grove Levee Riparian Protection Description p other Considerations Applicable PP cable Strategies and Floodplain Restoration -- Pursue easement or fee acquisition to protect the Aligns with Cedar Corridor Plan riparian buffer behind the Scott -Indian Grove levee; with sufficient acquisition, setback the levee Habitat Opportunity Area g8, which identifies levee setback and side Y{ Project l Number CR-8.2-8.8-RB and restore the floodplain. channel creation in addition to 1 - riparian enhancement. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Riparian Flondpiam Vegetation Connediviw No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Left Bank Public Land Forest and Riparian Description p other Considerations Applicable PP cable Strategies Restoration Protect and enhance forested riparian area on left Forterra conducting lots of planting bank owned by King County. in this area. The site is otherwise in relatively good shape and not much Y Project l Number CR-8.2-9.3-L8 additional enhancement is necessary. Four -Near Work Plan? Project Location aroarlan vegetation No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Remove Progressive Investment Revetment Description p Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies The lower portion of the original Progressive Property behind revetment is Investment revetment has been reclaimed by the river. Evaluate removal of the remainder of the owned by King County Parks. While part of the facility has been Project Number CR-8.3-M-1.11 revetment to restore natural processes. reclaimed by the river, the revetment still serves to direct the river away from the Cedar River ' a Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? Trail and SR 169. Removal would need to be accompanied by an noodpiem Connectwity No King County assessment of whether new boundary protection is needed along the trail. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Jones Reach Acquisitions and Restoration Description p Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Acquire parcels on right bank of the river behind Not a high priority area for Chinook the Scott -Indian Grove Levee upstream to the Jones Road crossing. Following acquisition, restore rearing, but opportunistic acquisitions remain a possibility, 1.7 Project Number CR-8.6-9.4-RB native vegetation. Full reach acquisition could Aligns with Cedar Corridor Plan enable future larger -scale restoration activities. Habitat Opportunity Area#8, which identifies levee setback and side Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? channel creation in addition to riparian enhancement. rloodpie,�. Cennem„-:. Yes King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 �/ J r1r���I V`J to T, T in a (0 n n D O n n in r Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE ( 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Removal of Cummins and Littlefield Description P other Considerations Applicable PP icable Strategies Revetments - Acquire remaining parcels not in public ownership Portion of area already in public and setback or remove the Cummins and Littlefield revetments. Restore and revegetate floodplain. ownership. Aligns with Cedar Corridor Plan Habitat Opportunity Project Number CR-9.4-9.8-LB May need to offer protection for the parking lot Area 19, which identifies levee - owned by KC Parks, which is outside of the channel migration zone. setback, riparian enhancement, and side channel creation as restoration Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? options. Fioodpiain Connectivity No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Belmondo Reach Acquisitions Description p other Considerations o A Applicable Strategies Continue to acquire parcels within the moderate Portion of area already in public channel migration zone or floodplain in this reach to protect functioning habitat. implement ownership. No levees in reach, numerous side channels, braided Project Number CR-9.8-10.5-RB restoration actions where needed and as reach. Aligns with Cedar Corridor opportunities become available. Plan Habitat Opportunity Area 4110, which identifies levee setback, Four -Year Project Location 1 Work Plan? riparian restoration, and side channel creation as restoration Fioedpln Yes King County options. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total 0 WPA Levee Removal Description Opportunities, Constraints, and Applicable Strategies other Considerations Acquire remaining parcel not in public ownership All but one needed parcel already and setback or remove the WPA levee. Restore and revegetate floodplain. in public ownership. Aligns witha Cedar Corridor Plan Habitat Project Number CR-10.7-11-LB Opportunity Area#11. Four-year Work Plan? project Location .-_ No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and McDonald Levee Acquisitions and Floodplain Description p other Considerations Applicable Strategies Restoration Acquire additional properties on left bank in Portion of area already in public vicinity of McDonald levee and remove or set back levee and restore floodplain. ownership. SE 184th Street could be set back to open up more '.-. Project Number CR-11.541.7-113 floodplain area. Aligns with Cedar Corridor Plan Habitat Opportunity Area#12. Four-year project Location Work Plan? F.00 No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total f Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Byers Reach Acquisitions and Floodpiain and Description P other Considerations Applicable PP icable Strategies Side Channel Restoration Acquire developed and undeveloped properties on Some of land for project already right and left bank. Remove the Byer's Curve levee and restore the floodplain and side channel on left has been acquired. Final design and habitat benefits are dependent on - Project Number CR-12.2-12.8-LB bank from ^' RM 12.5 to"RM 12.8. available land area. Corresponds in part with the Byer's Road Neighborhood Improvements Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? Phase I and it projects in the Flood Control District's Cedar River Floodplatn Channel Connectivity Complexity No King County Capital Investment Strategy (proposed medium -term action). Aligns with Cedar Corridor Plan Estimated Project Costs Habitat Opportunity Area 814. Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Lower Lions Reach Acquisitions Description P other Considerations Applicable PP icable Strategies Acquire up to 39 acres across 12 parcels on the left Portion of area already in public bank, including a large area of riparian forested floodplain between the Cedar River and SE 188th ownership. Aligns with Cedar Corridor Plan Habitat Opportunity CD Project Number CR-12-12.2-LB Street. Area#13. Flwdplain Connectivity Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Yes King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total LS.L r� MA 1r-1 WNN '+J (n rD to N n n n 0. n in r Ian Road Levee Setback and Fioodplain Descri tl Pon Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Restoration Acquire parcels to allow removing or setting back Corresponds in part with the Jan approximately 500 linear feet of the downstream end of the Jan Road Levee and restore the Road Neighborhood Improvements project in the Flood Control •� ' Project Number CR-13.1-13.4-RB fioodplain. Evaluate relocating all or portions of SE District's Cedar River Capital 197th Place, 218th Ave SE, and 221st Ave SE to maximize river/floodplain interactions. Investment Strategy (proposed near -term action). Some of the Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? needed land is already in public ownership. Aligns with Cedar Floulplaln mnnectivhy No - Ring County Corridor Plan Habitat Opportunity Areas #15 and 16. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Enhance 218th Place Side Channel Descri tion P Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Enhance the side channel on public land near Connection at upstream end would 218th Place SE. Consider whether a connection at the upstream end is beneficial or whether require modification or removal of Rutledge -Johnson levee. Aligns with Project Number CR-13.2-LB enhancements to the exisiting backwater Cedar Corridor Plan Habitat condition will provide the most benefit. Opportunity Areas 415 and 16. ..y Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location C; ., No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Mouth of Taylor Creek Acquisitions Description p other Considerations Applicable Strategies pp gies Acquire approximately 40 acres of forested Some land already in public riparian floodplain associated with both the Cedar mainstem and the lower reach of Taylor Creek. The ownership. Aligns with Cedar Corridor Plan Habitat Opportunity :._`- ^, �� Project Number CR-13.4-13.7-RB target parcels include approximately 1,000 feet of Area#17. mainstem channel, nearly 1,300 feet of the lowermost reach and mouth of Taylor Creek, and Four -Year Work Plan? project Location one of the largest remaining floodplain wetlands adjacent to the mainstem. Floodplain Riparian Connectivity Vegetation Yes King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Rhode and Rutledge -Johnson Floodplain Description p other Considerations Applicable Strategies pp gies Restoration Acquire remaining parcels along the left bank Corresponds in part with the Rhode behind the Rhode and Rutledge -Johnson Levees and remove or setback the levees and restore the and Getchman Neighborhood Improvements project in the Flood Project CR-13.4-14-LB floodplain. Control District's Cedar River Number Capital Investment Strategy (proposed medium -term action). Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? More than half of necessary parcels are already in public ownership. Fiocdpan c°°°"fivi0p No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total r, Getchman Levee Setback Description Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Remove or setback the Getchman levee to allow Corresponds in part with the Rhode channel-floodplain interactions. and Getchman Neighborhood Improvements project in the Flaad _ Project Number CR-13.7-14-RB Control District's Cedar River Capital Investment Strategy (proposed t Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? Most or all and needed eded for project appears to be in public Floodpla;,, conoacnmry No King County ownership. Aligns with Cedar Corridor Plan Habitat Opportunity Area #18 and 19. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Royal Arch Reach floodplain Reconnection Description p Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies and Restoration Upon acquiring sufficient land along the right Aligns with Cedar Corridor Plan bank, remove bank armoring and reconnect and restore the floodplain in the reach. Habitat Opportunity Area#20 and 21. , Project I Number CR-14-15-RB Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location - No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA B) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 T Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Royal Arch Reach Acquisitions Description P other Considerations Applicable Strategies Acquire floodplain properties for future floodplain Some land already in public reconnection and restoration, from SR 169 to Hwy 18. ownership (effort being led by Seattle Public Utilities). Aligns with ,y ' Project Number CR-14-15-RB Cedar Corridor Plan Habitat Opportunity Area #20 and 21. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location ConnectHiry rlooeufvit Yes King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition FRestoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Dorre Don Side Channel Enhancements Description p other Considerations Applicable Strategies Enhance protected side channels as needed in Corresponds in part with the Reaches 13 and 14. Focus should be on invasive treatment and revegetation, as the channels Rafter's Park - Dorris Creek Neighborhood Improvements Project CR-15.3-16.5-BB themselves are in relatively good condition and project in the Flood Control Number function well. District's Cedar River Capital Investment Strategy (proposed Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? medium -term action). Aligns with Cedar Corridor Plan Habitat Ch:,,,nei comoi�aey No King County Opportunity Area #23, 24, and 25. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Dorre Don Meanders Reach Acquisitions Description p Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Acquire rural residential, riverfront parcelsfrom Corresponds in part to Rafter's Hwy 18tothe Cedar River -frail bridge at RM 16.5. Includes an extensive floodplain riparian forest Park- Doris Creek Neighborhood Improvements project in Flood Project Number CR-15.3-16.5-BB and numerous valley floor spring -fed features, Control District's Cedar River such as side channel, stream, and oxbow habitats. Capital Investment Strategy owih Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? Aligns Cedar Corridor Plan) Habitat Opportunity Area 823, 24, Floodplam Forea Core, cOOOeohOm Yes King County and 25. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Commplexiplexi ty Opportunities, Constraints, and Protect Riparian Forest and Side Channel at tion Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies RM 15 is Protect forested riparian habitat and a side channel just upstream of Hwy 18 and Cedar River Trail bridge. Project Number CR-I5.5-LB Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Riparian Channel Vegetation Complexity No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Banchero Barnes Revetment Removal and Description other Considerations Applicable S pp Strategies Floodplain Restoration Acquire property along Corte Don Way, SE 224th St, SE 225th St, and SE 226th St to enable removing the Banchero Barnes revetment and restoring the Corresponds in part to Rafter's Park- Doris Creek Neighborhood Improvements project in Flood Project Number CR-15.7-15.8-RB floodplain and side channel in this area. Control District's Cedar River Capital Investment Strategy (proposed medium -term action). Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? Aligns with Cedar Corridor Plan Habitat Opportunity Area#23. Floadplain channel Connectivity Complexity No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Doris Creek Restoration Description p other Considerations Applicable Strategies pp Acquire easements or fee and restore Doris Creek Corresponds in part to Rafter's along Corte Don Way SE. Park- Doris Creek Neighborhood Improvements project in Flood 0Four-Year Project CR-15.8-16.2-RB Control District's Cedar River Number Capital Investment Strategy (proposed medium -term action). Project Location Work Plan? Aligns with Cedar Corridor Plan Habitat Opportunity Area fl25. Cnannel Complexity No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total h1 X OZ Cn 71 rD (n CD [D n n' 0 i Lower Dorre Don Area Acquisitions and Description p Opportunities, Constraints, andDescri other Considerations Applicable Strategies Floodplain Restoration Acquire developed properties along Lower Dorre Corresponds in part with the Dorre Don Way and modify levees and restore floodplain where feasible (right bank). Don Neighborhood Improvements project id the Flood Control Project Number CR-16.2-16.5-RB District's Cedar River Capital Investment Strategy (proposed medium -term action). Aligns with _ Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? Cedar Corridor Plan Habitat Opportunity Area #26, could be r�O°d0la'" cO""eamn� No King County expanded to include #27. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Orchard Grove Buyouts and Restoration Description P Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Pursue buyouts in the Orchard Grove Aligns with the Orchard Grove neighborhood and restore floodplain where possible. Neighborhood Improvements project in the Flood Control 9-, �- -- Project Number CR-17-17.6.RB District's Cedar River Capital Investment Strategy (proposed long-term action). Corresponds to *.. -� Four -Year project Location Work Plan? Cedar River Corridor Plan Habitat Opportunity Area R28. rlOO ,xh c`ooec°1any No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA B) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 i MA Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Left Bank Protection in Reach IS Description P other Considerations o A Applicable Strategies Explore protection of left bank forested floodplain area adjacent and upriver of property already in King County ownership in this reach. v� Y Project Number CR-17.1-17.0-LB Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Riparian sec enn No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Riparian Restoration Downstream of BN Nose Description P other Considerations o A Applicable Strategies Restore the riparian corridor downstream of the BN Nose. yy Y(t Project CR-17.6-18.1-CB Number Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Riparian >masnn No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Protect Left Bank Floodplain, Downstream of P Lion Opportunities, Constraints, andDescri other Considerations Applicable Strategies BN Nose and Upstream of Orchard Grove Revetment Protect the floodplain along 244th Avenue SE. High quality habitat and connected to river. Could benefit from protection. Conservation easement ./ _ Project Number CR-17.7-18.3-LB may be sufficient. ' Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location rloodpiaih Connactete No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Fish Access and Off -Channel Habitat Description otherIncrease other Considerations Applicable Strategies In Lower Rock Creek Explore improving fish passage in lower Rock Creek and evaluate feasibility of increasing off -channel habitat for juvenile rearing. There is high quality riparian habitat in reach now, which should remain intact. Need to evaluate Project Number CR-18.5-LB-P2 whether connecting left bank wetland in Reach Ito channel would adversely affect hydrology of ..ry Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? Rock Creek. Channel Passage Complexity Barrie No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan ( 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 L W' M Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Enhance Wingert Side Channel Description p other Considerations Applicable Strategies Side channel located on left bank, upper end of Property is in King County reach. Currently connected only at higher flows (1000 cfs+); evaluate connecting upper end of ownership. Project Number CR-20.1-20.4-LB channel at lower flows(200-300 cis). ..� Four -Near Work Plan? Project Location Co,n ole.ity 0 King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Cedar River Trail Site 8 Revetment Descri tion p other Considerations Applicable Strategies Restoration Explore restoration options at CRT 8 revetment, Aligns with Cedar River Corridor including full or partial removal to reconnection the river and floodplain. Plan Habitat Opportunity Area #30.'- Project Number CR-20.5-20.fi-L8 Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location ciocdeiain connemv„y No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Reconnection of Wetland 69 and CRT 9 Description P Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Revetment Removal - - Reconnect wetland 69(oxbow) to river and Need further input about feasibility remove all or portions of CRT 9 Revetment. Additional acquisition would be needed, and trail and potential benefit -location of trail would make this very costly. Project Number CR-21.1-21.3-RB would need to be relocated behind wetland. y Four -Near Work Plan? Project Location omoi �ry No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total tandsburg Reach Acquisitions Description P Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Acquire rural residential, riverfront parcels, including forested floodplam and areas of unarmored, steep bank that contribute beneficial {{{jjy,, 0 Project Number CR-21-22-BB gravels to the river. `d'�r irl, I Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location omci . ry No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE ( 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Upper Cedar River Riparian Enhancement Description P other Considerations o A Applicable Strategies Enhance riparian conditions on both sides of the river. Enhancement should occur through planting native vegetation and conducting ecological Y{ Project j Number CR-2134.5-BB thinningto advance the seral stage of the riparian 11 forest to provide improved wood recruitment, riparian food sources, and cover. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location a�oadan Vo=enx'io. No City of Seattle Municipal Watershed Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Rock Creek Large Wood Placement Description P other Considerations Applicable Strategies Add large wood to lower 2700 meters of Rock Some wood placements already Creek. complete. Project Number CR-24.7-Re Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Cha ,,d co�,pLr:o, No City of Seattle Municipal Watershed Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total n Descri tion Opportunities, Constraints, and Applicable Strategies Taylor Creek is the largest tributary to the Cedar River in the upper watershed, with about 0.5 mile of habitat accessible to fish (natural barrier). 0 Project Number CR-30.4-LB Restore the mouth of Taylor Creek by enhancing riparian vegetation and adding large wood. Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? Channel fnmplexiry No City of Seattle Municipal Watershed Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lower Taylor Creek Railroad Trestle and Description p Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Road 9 Bridge Replacement The railroad trestle and Road 9 bridge confine the lower portion of Taylor Creek. Remove the railroad bridge and remove or reconstruct the Road 9 Project Number CR-30.4-LB-P2 bridge to open up and increase 0.5 miles of large stream habitat. ..� Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location No City of Seattle Municipal Watershed Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Steele Creek Bridge Improvement and Road Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Decommissioning and Improvement This reach has roads adjacent to the river which contribute sediment (through erosion) directly to the river. Roads that should be considered for Project Number CR-32.6-1113 improvement include Road 10, 20 and 12. The Steele Creek bridge should be reconstructed at the same time as any road improvements. The bridge .wr. Four -Year project Location Work Plan? should be improved to reduce riparian confinement, and coupled with efforts to limit fine " No City of Seattle Municipal sediment inputs through revegetation and other Watershed riparian enhancements. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total MA WRIA 8 Salmon Habitat Project List Monday, October 02, 2017 b Bear and Cottage Lake Creeks z APPLICABLE STRATEGIES LEGEND: d IIIH�I Protect and Protect and Protect and restore Protect and restore NY restore restore cold water forest cover and marine water and floodplain sources and reduce sediment quality, headwater areas V1 connectivity thermal barriers to ) ( especially near migration # commercial and industrial areas Protect and Improve juvenile Provide adequate Improve water flow restore functional and adult survival stream quality n' riparian at the Ballard Locks _ -0 vegetation O n Integrate salmon Protect and Reduce predationa Restore sediment recovery priorities into restore channel on juvenile processes necessary"` local and regional complexity migrants and lake -for key life stages planning, regulations, 0rearing fry and permitting (SMP, CAO, NPDES, etc.) Restore shallow im Remove (or Restore natural Continue existing and water rearing reduce impacts of) a marine shoreline conduct new research, and refuge , overwater monitoring, and adaptive habitat structures management on key issues —_> Reconnect and Remove fish Reconnect ��1� Increase awareness enhance creek passage barriers backshore areas and "� and support for mouths pocket estuaries salmon recovery Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 y Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Restoration Downstream of Railroad Bridge Description P other Considerations Applicable PP able Strategies Restore 300 foot section of Bear Creek Sound Transit 3 intends to use the downstream of the railroad bridge. Enhance riparian buffers and add large wood to the bridge footprint as the path of future light rail expansion. Work in Project BCLC-R2-I-INS channel. this area likely tooccur in Number conjunction with that effort. .rg� Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Channel Riparian Complexity Vegetation No Redmond Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Remove Railroad Bridge Channel Constriction Description P other Considerations Applicable PP cable Strategies Remove the constriction of the Bear Creek channel Sound Transit 3 project will result in caused by the remnant of the railroad bridge, which likely causes erosion downstream of bridge. a new bridge. Could perhaps combine this with BLCL-R2-11NS but 0Pour-Near Project Number BCLC-R2-2-INS plans aren't yet certain. Work Plan? Project Location Channel Complexity No Redmond Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Restoration in Bear Creek Park Description P other Considerations Applicable PP cable Strategies On publicly owned lands in Reach 3 (primarily Bear Creek Park), remove invasive plants and replant with native vegetation. Add large wood to the Actively planting in phases. Right bank nearly finished. Left bank partially complete. is Project Number BCLC-R3-1-BB channel in areas lacking instream complexity. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location alp„n,,, Channel vee�;a;;on c n,wex�=v Yes Redmond Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies The Washington Department of Transportation owns property off NE Redmond Way in this reach. If the Department sells this property, it should be Project Number BCLC-133-2-LB protected from development. 11 Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location s�aa;nn station No Redmond Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Evans/Bear Creek Restoration at Keller Farm Description p other Considerations Applicable Strategies pp gies Restore instream and riparian habitat of Bear City of Redmond is in process to Creek and Evans Creek through the former Keller Farm property. Reconfigure the channel where it certify some of the site as a wetland mitigation bank. Other Project I Number BCLC-R4-1-BB has been widened due to past farm practices, activities —such as instream 1 enhance the riparian area, and add large wood to the channel. restoration, off channel and backwater habitat, and forested .wp, Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? buffer restoration —may occur separate from the mitigation - Channel Riparian Complexity Vegetation Yes Redmond funded elements. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Enhance Riparian Buffers Descri tion p other Considerations pp gies Applicable Strategies Enhance riparian buffers to reduce inputs of fine As of 2017, the left bank is mostly sediments into the creek from farm land (land not associated with Keller Farm project). complete. Design and implementation of right bank is is Project Number BCLC-R4-2-BB associated with the Keller Farm wetland mitigation bank. Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? ie„arias Sediment Vugeiation Processes No Redmond Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total luel Park Restoration tion Descri P Opportunities, Constraints, and Applicable Strategies other Considerations Remove rubble from Bear Creek, add large wood to the channel, and restore riparian buffers at Juei Park. Project Number BCLC-R6-1-BB Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location .. c._ a exty veaetnnon No Redmond Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Middle Bear Creek Natural Area Additions Description P Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies (NE 116th to second Avondale Rd crossing) is Acquire parcels consistent with the King County's goals for conservation to protect intact forested and riparian habitat and enable future restoration. Project Number BCLC-R6-2-BB Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location R,erien Forest Cover Vegetation No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Restoration at Friendly Village Description P Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable PP cable Strategies Work throughout the Friendly Village Mobile Phase I completed by Adopt A Home Park to restore riparian areas and increase in -channel complexity forjuvenile rearing habitat. Stream Foundation. Phase It design is complete and awaiting funding Project Number BCLC-116-3-813 for implementation, Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location channel Riparian Compleni[y Vegetation Yes Redmond Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Floodplain Restoration South of NE 95th Description P Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable PP cable Strategies Street On the city -owned parcel just south of NE 95th The project is approximately 500-ft Street, install backwater channels, alcoves, and large wood in the stream and improve riparian long and ends at the Friendly Village property line. Construction Project 1 Number BCLC-R6-4-BB habitat. is anticipated for 2018. The project was originally created for pure enhancement, but the city needed Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? to delay the 95th Street bridge replacement until 2024, so some of 0— °i-"'°° No Redmond the project is slated for mitigation related to the non -conforming bridge. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total _R Ono l J t� n C) n 7 O 0 n r— Floodplain Restoration South of NE Novelty Description P Opportunities, Constraints, andDescri other Considerations Applicable Strategies Hill Road Yy Restore the floodplain and channel of Bear Creek on the former Reid property, located just north of the Cityowned parcel on NE 95th. She has Project Number BCLC-R6-5-BB extensive invasive plant species, which should be a (t component of the restoration. y Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Channel R,p3r,- rnmplh.p Vegetatiar, No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lower Bear Creek Natural Area Restoration Description p Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies On publicly owned lands between Novelty Hill Road and the Little Bit property, increase channel complexity and restore riparian areas to enhance King County installed large wood in the channel in 2012-13. Additional opportunity for large wood may Project Number BCLC-R6.6-BB juvenile rearing habitat. remain, and invasive treatment still likely needed. Klapp restoration at Mackey Creek confluence �• Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? completed in 2015. Former Doyle property restoration to occur in Channel Conelex 1' Yes King County 2017. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Little Bit Foodplain Restoration Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Restore floodplain and historic side channels on property owned by Little BRTherapeutic Riding Center. Control invasive plants and replant the Project Number BCLC-R6-7-LB riparian area. •r,. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location che�nel Riparian Complexity Vegetation No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Restoration Remove existing bridge abutments and rip -rap, create a more natural channel configuration, and plant native riparian vegetation at NE 116th and Project Number BCLC-R6-8-BB Avondale.MI Four-Year Work Plan? Project Location a.,�i Rin��len Compliry Vegetaton No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total NE 95th Street Bridge Replacement and Description p Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Restoration �{{ Remove existing bridge abutments and rip -rap, create a more natural channel configuration, and plant native riparian vegetation. Project Number BCLC-R6-9-68 1 0 1 Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location chp"l Ri,'..n Complexity Vegetation Yes :edmond Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Monticello Creek Fish Passage Improvement Description p Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Improve fish passage at the fishway under Avondale Road just north of 116th. City is implementing actions upstream as an outcome of Project Number BCLC-R6-10-INS their Monticello Creek Basin Plan, and improving passage would benefit multiple species. Chinook usage is modeled per Salmonscape, and the barrier Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? is identified in WDFW's fish passage database. No Redmond Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Mill MA Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Lower Bear Creek Natural Area Protection Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies "t Continue acquisition efforts to expand the Lower Bear Creek Natural Area to protect spawning and rearing habitat and allow for future restoration to King County currently negotiating acquisitions consistent with this project, including the Reid and Project Number BCLC"R6-11-BB enhance riparian and inn -stream habitat. Little Bit parcels. Acquisition to target all parcels (or creek -bearing portions of parcels through Four -Near Project location Work Plan? conservation easement or lot line adjustment( on both banks of creek Channel R;parnn C°'° ie' vegenaWn Yes King County between 106th and 116th, consistent with King Courrty's goals for conservation. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Protect Forested Area near the Farm Description p other Considerations Applicable Strategies Protect forested area near The Farm through fee acquisition or transfer of development rights/conservation easements. Site is located Project Number BCLC-1374-BB along Avondale near NE 127th./lr 7rLNi ?y Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Fna:rcoo=� No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total I MA n Opportunities, Constraints, andDescri Middle Bear Creek Natural Area Additions Description P other Considerations Applicable Strategies (Second Avondale Rd crossing to NE 127th) Acquire parcels consistent with the King County's goals for conservation to protect intact forested and riparian habitat and enable future restoration. Project Number BCLC-R7-2-BB Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Riparian Fore,t ��er vegetatmn No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Descri tion other Considerations Applicable Strategies (NE 127th to NE 133rd) -- —--- - Acquire parcels consistent with the King County's goals for conservation to protect intact forested and riparian habitat and enable future restoration. is Numbeect BCLC-R7-3-BBNumber Four -Near Work Plan? Project Location Riparian F.nn, Cover Vegetation No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 i C! r� Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIAB) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE J 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Reforest 10-Acre Wetland Area on Golf Description P other Considerations Applicable PP cable Strategies Course (Wetland 30) - Reforestthe 10-acre wetland area on the golf Need to determine if wetlands are course that is part of dedicated open space for property. hydraulically connected to creek. y Project Number BCLC-R8-1-LB Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location aio3rian veg�tri._� No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Swanson Horse Farm Restoration Description P other Considerations Applicable PP icable Strategies Restoration needed on Swanson Horse Farm property on NE 141st St. Reduce fine sediment inputs and restore riparian areas. Pursue a farm y ■ � Project BCLC-R8-2-BB plan to address impacts to Bear Creek. Number Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Rip3nan vegetat— Yes King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Restoration Feasibility Study of Ponds on Description P lion other Considerations Applicable Strategies Golf Course Determine whether or not ponds on golf course High end golf course —would be are hydrologically connected to Bear Creek and a source of warm water. if found to add to expensive. Project Number BCLC-R8-3-LB temperature problems on the creek, plant the south side of ponds to shade them. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Riparian Vegetation No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Middle Bear Creek Natural Area Additions Descri tion p other Considerations A Applicable Strategies (NE 133rd to NE 141st) Acquire parcels consistent with the King County's goals for conservation to protect intact forested and riparian habitat and enable future restoration. �) Project Number BCLC-RS-4-BB 1 ` Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Riparian Forest Cover Vegetation No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 a v tT. T Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, andApplicable Middle Bear Creek Natural Area Additions Description other Considerations Strategies (NE 141st to Struve Creek) - -- -- Acquire conservation easements or fee acquisition Cranston property acquired in along Bear Creek to create an uninterrupted corridor for restoration between NE 141st and 2011. Parcels to the south have recently -constructed large, y� Project Number BCLC-R9-1-BB Struve Creek. expensive homes; easements may be more appropriate. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Riparian Vage tti Yes King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies (NE 141st to Struve Creek) Add large wood to Bear Creek and restore the riparian area in the Middle Bear Creek Natural Area between NE 141st and Struve Creek. include �� Project Number BCLC-R9-2-INS conifer underplanting, especially in areas lacking conifers currently. .,� Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location 1 Cna„am Riparian complaxlly Vegetat'an No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total CiL Protect Blacks of Contiguous Riparian Forest p Lion Opportunities, Constraints, andDescri other Considerations Applicable Strategies between Struve Creek and Tolt Pipeline Protect forested parcels upstream of the Struve Current focus is on acquisition but Creek confluence to the Tolt Pipeline crossing to expand the Middle Bear Creek Natural Area. restoration activities should be developed in the future. 1, Project Number BCLC-R10-1-BB �jPjt9 Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location ro;en Cover No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Restoration at Tolt Pipeline Crossing Description p Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies �st Remove bank hardening and restore riparian area at Tolt pipeline crossing. Remove creosote pilings. This site is used for public fish viewing so a benefit of this project would bean opportunity to Project Number BCLC-Rll-1-BB educate the public about what good fish habitat looks like. Some horse watering is acceptable, Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? especially if signage can be installed or maintained to inform equestrian Ch.orel R;p.run cpmpiexity V"et.tion No King County users of best practices and when salmon are in the stream. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammainish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Upper Bear Natural Area Additions ( Tolt Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Pipeline to Woodinville -Duvall Road) - - - Acquire parcels consistent with the King County's Current focus is on acquisition but goals for conservation to protect intact forested restoration activities should be Project and riparian habitat and enable future restoration, developed in the future. BCLC-Rli-1-BB Number TYt� 1 TtYL}} 1 Four -Near Work Plan? Project Location j roa:o covF. No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Revegetation of Wetland 32 tion Descri P other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Plant native vegetation in the wetland area on the Site is publicly owned. south side of Woodinville -Duvall Road. y rl� Project BCLC-R14-1-LB Number Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? sca,i>� vee^taoon No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total LRZ Imo/ �J Opportunities, Constraints, and Paradise Lake Natural Area Additions Description P other Considerations Applicable Strategies Protect habitat and forest cover on the Stevens King County has acquired in fee or and Doolittle properties and adjacent parcels within this reach of Bear Creek through through easements several parcels in this area. t�, Project Number BCLC-R3S-1-BB conservation easement or fee acquisition. '1!t 1 T}��} Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location rOfPSi coca, Yes King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Paradise Lake Natural Area Restoration ti Descri on P other Considerations Applicable Strategies Restore lands within the Paradise Lake Natural Area. In particular, this portion of Bear Creek has issues with yellow flag iris. Project Number BCLC-R154-BB Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location RrPar— Voyatat No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 r� A Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE ( 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Upper Bear Creek Forest Cover Protection — PP Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Paradise Valley Conservation Area Additions - Acquire fee interests or conservation easements in Priority should be (ands east of Snohomish County on forested headwaters of Bear Creek. Paradise Valley Conservation Area. Project Number BCLC-R363-BB 't➢itt Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location No King County Estimated Project Costs rcqestoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Paradise Valley Conservation Area Description p other Considerations I Applicable PP icable Strategies Restoration Remove invasive plants and plant riparian buffer Especially problematic are holly and along Bear Creek throughout Paradise Valley Conservation Area. hawthorn. yf Project Number BCLC-R16-1-88 1 Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Rir3fo,) oc Yes King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total O.F211 l I n Riparian Restoration and Invasive Species Description and Constraints Opportunities, , other Considerations Applicable Strategies Control — Bear and Cottage Lake Creeks - Control invasive knotweed and other priority Some work has been implemented invasive species on a coordinated basis to improve riparian habitat, on public and private properties. and other work is underway to address this need. u{ Project Number BCLC-I-BB After initial control is achieved, regularly monitor, 11 detect, and rapidly respond to any new infestations. Implement planting with native Four-year Project Location Work Plan? species in treated areas. Pii�onan Yes easinwide Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Improve Flood lain Connectivity p p ty-Cottage Description p Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Lake Creek Reach 1 -— - Improve floociplam connectivity along 2,750 linear Left bank owned by KC Roads. feet in lower Cottage Lake Creek by removing riprap or artificial constrictions. Project Number B[LC286 Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Fioodci=io Yes King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Restore riparian conditions along Cottage Lake Creek on Nicholls Farm. Reduce fine sediment inputs. Y Project Number BCLC-3-BB Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Riparian se*a;mn No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Nicholls Farm Acquisition Description P o other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Protect 40-acre parcel on Cottage Lake Creek at Nicholls Farm. ` �1 Project Number BCLC-4-68 Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location aipa.rn Vegetation Yes King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Add Large Wood in Cross Roads Development Description p Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Corridor owned by homeowners association —site has 250' buffers but no easement, and lots of invasives. Add wood to channel and restore Project Number aCLC-S-INS riparian area. Determine whether conservation easement would be useful to ensure protection. Neighborhood is in vicinity of NE 143rd. y four -Year Project Location Work Plan? Channel Ripanah Complexity Vegetation No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Tolt Pipeline Crossing Restoration -Cottage Description Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies ---- Lake Creek -- Remove bank hardening and restore riparian area at Tolt pipeline crossing. Remove creosote pilings. Project BCLC-6-INS Number Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location ...., No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA R) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Bassett Pond Natural Area Additions Description P other Considerations Applicable PP cable Strategies Acquire priority parcels along Cottage Lake Creek in the vicinity of NE 165th and up to the Cottage Lake outlet to expand the Bassett Pond Natural Ye' w Project Number BCLC-7-BB Area and enable future restoration. kll 1�� Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Riparian rove.t Cover Vegetation No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Restore Bog in Bassett Pond Natural Area Descri tlon P Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Restore bog, including possiblyfiiling cross Lots of restoration has already channels and ditches. Remove spirea. occurred through wetland mitigation funding. y� Project Number BCLC-B-RB Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Riparian Vegetation No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total I r/ Al Cold Creek Natural Area Additions Descri tion p Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Acquire parcels from Bassett Pond Natural Area upstream to Woodinville — Duvall Road to expand the Cold Creek Natural Area and protect the Cold 1; Project Number BCLC-9-BB Creek headwaters and aquifer. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location ro,e:: corer No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Cottage Lake Outlet Fish Screen tion Description p Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Explore the feasibility of installing a fish screen at Rainbow trout routinely found at the outlet of Cottage Lake Creek to prevent stocked trout from migrating downstream. Bear Creek smolt trap in lower Bear Creek. Project Number BCLG10-INS Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location c,enar,_- No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 i i� !i r� 1� MA VA Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 WRIA 8 Salmon Habitat Project List Issaquah Creek APPLICABLE STRATEGIES LEGEND: Protect and Protect and Protect and restore '-'-� restore restore cold water forest cover and floodplain sources and reduce I headwater areas connectivity thermal barriers to IP migration Protect and restore functional riparian vegetation Protect and restore channel complexity isRestore shallow water rearing and refuge habitat Reconnect and enhance creek mouths Improve juvenile and adult survival at the Ballard Locks Reduce predation on juvenile migrants and lake - rearing fry Remove (or reduce impacts of) overwater structures Remove fish passage barriers tea^ n Provide adequate stream flow - Restore sediment processes necessary for key life stages Restore natural marine shoreline Monday, October 02, 2017 Protect and restore marine water and sediment quality, especially near commercial and industrial areas Improve water quality Integrate salmon recovery priorities into local and regional planning, regulations, and permitting (SMP, CAD, NPDES, etc.) Continue existing and conduct new research, monitoring, and adaptive management on key issues Reconnect Increase awareness backshore areas and and support for pocket estuaries 9 salmon recovery Issaquah Creek Riparian Restoration and Description DPPort er Considerations Constraints, and othher Co Applicable Strategies Invasive Species Control Protect and restore riparian habitat throughout Issaquah Creek. Control invasive knotweed and other invasive species on a coordinated basis in Project Number IC-3-13B priority riparian habitats and areas upstream. After initial control is achieved, regularly monitor, detect and rapidly respond to any new Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? infestations. Implement planting with native species in treated areas. xlp.rl.^ ve¢et.no� Yes Basinwide Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Sammamish State Park Restoration Description p opportunities, Constraints, and o other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Vast (50 acres within shoreline buffer) and largely undisturbed area within State Park at mouth of Issaquah Creek. Former farmland with somewhat Channel is active in this area, and any park development should be conducted so as to allow for �. Project Number IC-RS-I-INS poor habitat conditions: incised channel, extensive continued meandering. Some work non-native vegetation. Potential projects include stream, riparian, floodplain, Lakeshore and could be done to reduce incision of creek and reconnect it with the ..ti Four -Year project Location Work Plan? wetland restoration on Issaquah Creek, Tibbetts Creek, and along Lake Sammamish lakeshore. floodplain in the uppermost portion of the site. State Parks has Fmodpl.m Ch.mmf connectivity Complexity Yes Issaquah Good connectivity to adjacent restoration projects next phase of strategic planning upstream in City. underway and is interested in restoration along Issaquah Creek il Estimated Project Costs and the lakeshore in ways that are compatible with recreational uses estoration Total r��r of the park. ¢jpari,m Vegetetloo Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA B) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 b ro M pzy 1..J w-w WIN 1z i 7 D i i y Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Bush Lane Acquisition and Restoration q Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies 12.5 acres of Issaquah Creek and North Fork City has interest in this project, but Issaquah Creek floodplain, located between confluence of these two streams and Darst Park it will need to be compatible with Costco expansion and a planned y� Project 1 Number IC-R2-1-RB (just north of I-90). Stream, riparian, and extension of 62nd Street across the floodplain restoration on 1,200 feet of Issaquah Creek east bank. Project could include stream and site. Acomponent of this project (or a separate project) could be Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? riparian restoration, side channel creation, and wetland restoration. Existing habitat is poor due to relocating the North Fork away from 221st. Approximately 5.8 Fi°odFiein Riparian Connenivity veeewuon Yes Issaquah residential development.Stream/buffer acres are already in public enhancements can be combined with other public use of upland area of site. ownership. Estimated Project Costs rcquffrestoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Issaquah Creek Pickering Reach Restoration Descri tion P other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Located between SE 56th Street and 1-90 along west bank of Issaquah Creek. Stream restoration along 1,800 feet of the creek within 200-foot Mountains to Sound has treated some invasives and planted portions of this area; but additional Project Number IC-R2-2-Le setback. Restoration could include removal of restoration opportunities remain. hardened banks, floodplain restoration, side channels, and riparian enhancements. Extension of Private property, but City has utility easement that could allow for some Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? restoration work conducted by City in 1999. restoration work C°nnectiviN Vogatab°c Yes Issaquah Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total r� Relocation of City Parks Maintenance Facility P Lion Opportunities, Constraints, andDescri other Considerations Applicable Strategies and Restoration of Site 4 Property is at confluence of Issaquah Creek and East Fork Issaquah Creek, adjacent to Confluence Park. Relocation of the maintenance facility and City of Issaquah has identified a potential replacement site for the maintenance facility, but funding is Project Number IC-R5-1-RB restoration of the stream and buffer offers needed to advance the project excellent opportunity to restore important sections of these two streams and build on forward. This project is in the City Parks Strategic Plan. +wka. Four -Year prg Project Location Work Plan? previous restoration efforts. channel Rlpa,izn Complexity Vegetation No Issaquah Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Issaquah Creek Wildwood Acquisition and Description p Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Restoration Located Between Wildwood Trail and Issaquah Some knotweed removal has Creek along Wildwood Blvd Trail to hatchery intake. Private and City ownership. Mature shade occurred. The site has steep slopes and is covered with ivy, which �{ Project Number IC-R6-1-LB canopy and native vegetation being lost due to makes restoration potentially very 1 English Ivy and other weed infestation. If site is developable, pursue a restoration easement with expensive. Site is owned by a partnership with the intent to Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? private ro a p p rty owners to allow for restoration focused on retaining the existing shade canopy develop the area; however, there is disagreement about whether the aipana^ ve"e1apipO No Issaquah through riparian vegetarian enhancements on top site is actually developable. of slope of west bank. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and "Guano Acres"Ingi Johnson Park Restoration Description P other Considerations o A Applicable Strategies Ingi Johnson Park is immediately downstream of the recently -removed fish hatchery intake dam. Some restoration was implemented through that In the Watershed Company's 2006 restoration report, this site scored high for potential benefit and v� Project Number IC-R6-2-RB project, but opportunities remain for Roodplain feasibility. restoration, wetland enhancement, side channels, and riparian enhancement. Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? Roodphin Riparian ConnectNity Vegetation No Issaquah Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and South Issaquah Creek Greenway Acquisitions Description P o other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Large parcels adjacent to the South Issaquah Creek The City of Issaquah purchased Greenway offer additional potential for open space preservation, riparian and wetland several properties, including the Fowler and Steiglitz properties, y� Project Number IC-R7-1-88 enhancements, instream restoration, and side totalling 5.18 acres. Lots of channels. Includes the Mohl Property, located immediately downstream of Sycamore Drive on restoration occurred here from 2000-200S(wood placements and ..y Four -Year Project Location 1 Work Plan? west bank; and other properties. Explore whether SE Sycamore Lane can be abandoned and removed side channels). The area includes wetlands and extensive reed Riparan Cbanoal Vegewvon comma,ov No Issaquah as part of additional restoration. canarygrass. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total MA a Squak Valley Park South Descri tion P Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations A PPlicable Strategies `"L K Located between the city limits at SE 104th St and Squak Valley Park. install log complexes in the main channel and along its banks to encourage Two of the three parcels targeted by this project are in city ownership. Project Number IC- R8-1-RB pool formation , provide protective cover, and improve habitat diversity and quality. Restore the floodplain and side channel to increase edge ,wr, Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? habitat. Implement wetland and riparian enhancements. Pursue acquisition or of Zone "h... =l a,p—an eomplexlty Vegetation No Issaquah remaining privately held parcel to enable full scale restoration on the right bank. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Remove Bank Hardening at Issaquah Creek & Description P Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Fifteenmile Creek Remove bank armoring at confluence of Issaquah Sites include expensive homes that Creek and Fifteenmile Creek. would need to be protected. Project IC-119-1-11B Number Four -Year Work Plan? project Location channel C Mpleg, No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/CedadSammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 a �" Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed IWRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 wPPENDIX F saquah Creek Opportunities, Constraints, and Remove Bank Hardening at Issaquah and Description P other Considerations Applicable pP icable Strategies McDonald Creek Remove bank armoring at the Issaquah Creek Sites include expensive homes that confluence with McDonald Creek. would need to be protected. Project Number IC-R10-1-83 Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location cna"oei Complerily Na King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Log Cabin Natural Area Restoration Description P other Considerations o A Applicable Strategies Remove non-native plants and plant with native Work is ongoing, being led by King vegetation. Potential for removal of bank hardening in upper portion of property. County Parks. Have removed approximately 15 acres of uj Project Number IC-R11-1-BB blackberries and replanted this 1 area with approximately 10,000 plants over the past 15 years. y Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? Revegetation is mostly complete; will add about 500 trees in fall of �'^ "'• No King County 2017 to the pasture area. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total !L Remove Bank Hardening in Four Creek Description p Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Subdivision -- — Remove bank hardening in subdivision located just Expensive homes would need to be upstream of McDonald Creek confluence, between 231st Place SE and 229th Drive SE. protected. Project Number IC-Rll-2-BB .� Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Ch.,n„el �omniEnN No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Carey/Holder/Issaquah Creek Confluence Description p other Considerations Applicable Strategies Restoration — On the 120 acre site under a King County Some fencing has been built. conservation easement, restore riparian vegetation, add livestock fencing, and implement Restoration work remains. Project Number IC-R324-BB other best management practices for livestock. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Rpoanan b^ aCmn Yes King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammemish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Mill Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 81 Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Fish Passage at 276th Avenue SE Crossing - Description P other Considerations Applicable PP cable Strategies Carey Creek Partial fish passage barrier. Remove or replace culvert to improve fish passage. Project IC-R13-1-INS Number Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location psse Banre z No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Fish Passage Improvements at Highway 18 - Descri tlon P other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Holder Creek - Install a bridge at the Highway 18 crossing to WSDOT culvert subject to culvert eliminate a partial fish passage barrier. injunction. Not on WSDOT's near - term action plan. Project Number IC-R13-2-INS Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? e�s,aac aim-u- No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total y� e% M 39 O.! MA Carey and Holder Creek Headwaters Description p Opportunities, Constraints, andDescri other Considerations Applicable Strategies Protection - - Protectexistingnaturalflowregimeinthe Through the State Trust land headwaters areas of Carey and Holder creeks, which are in the Tiger Mountain State Forest and Transfer program, some state DNR parcels are being transferred to 1; Project Number IC-R34-1-BB Taylor Mountain Forest vicinity, by acquiring forest King County Parks or are proposed property, development rights/conservation easements. Also, provide enhanced incentives to for transfer. Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? retain and plant forest area environments. rore:e cope, No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Description Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Creek Improve fish passage at RM 1.5 where there is a WDFW cites marginal benefits due barrier which consists of a bedrock cascade with an abandoned water supply dam on top. to impassable falls a short distance upstream. Also, height is 7 meters. Project Number IC-4-INS Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location F.—tc No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed tWRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies North Fork Issaquah Creek - Increase stream buffers and restore riparian The portion of the North Fork that vegetation along North Fork Issaquah Creek. goes through the lower portion of Lakeside Property has highly �{ Project 1 Number IC-5-BB impacted buffers and non- 1 conforming uses in close proximity to the stream. Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? Rra, r no= No Issaquah Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Fish Passage Improvement near Front Description p Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations pp gies Applicable Strategies Street - North Fork Issaquah Creek — --- — -- — ImproveFishpassageatthedownstreamendof These culverts are undersized and wetland where a culvert is a partial barrier to fish passage at low water and near the Front St. have persistent sedimentation problems. New design should direct Project Number IC-6-INS interchange by reconfiguring the culverts under channel directly into the wetland the road. rather than cross under the road an additional two times as it currently Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? is built. Per WDFW fish passage database, this remains a partial fish va:aaee earn,rs No Issaquah passage barrier. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Wetland Reve etation at Front Street 1-90 g / Description Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Interchange - North Fork Issaquah Creek Plant trees in the large wetland near the Front St. This is WSDOT right-of-way; not interchange to shade the creek as it flows through this section. sure what agency/entity takes lead on this effort. Project Number IC-7-BB Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Riparian Vegetation No Issaquah Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Reduce Sedimentation Problems from Gravel Description P Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Plant - North Fork Issaquah Creek Explore opportunities for reducing sedimentation City will need to identify specific problems related to the gravel plant. Possible to implement source control and also push for larger actions to deal with impacts of gravel plant. Project Number IC-8-LB riparian buffers through the gravel plant property. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location sadim.nt o<esse: No Issaquah Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammemish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 A Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and North Fork Issaquah Creek Headwater Description P other Considerations Applicable PP cable Strategies Wetlands Protection Protect headwater wetlands in this basin. An important issue in the North Fork watershed is the impact of impervious surfaces on base flows tt, Project Number IC-1-BB and the lack of water in the wetlands. TE➢L+} Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location FOfe3}cGVef No Issaquah Estimated Project Costs ruisitioFestoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and East Fork Issaquah Creek Restoration Descri tion p other Considerations Applicable Strategies pP gies Assessment - - -- — The East Fork provides valuable habitat but is highly urbanized in the lower reaches and passes under 1-90 numerous times. Investigate potential Project Number IC-2-BB restoration project opportunities benefitting Chinook. ..ti Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location rn,n r-1 ompl�nnv No Issaquah Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total WRIA 8 Salmon Habitat Project List Sammamish River APPLICABLE STRATEGIES LEGEND: Protect and restore floodplain connectivity Protect and �j restore functional Griparian vegetation Protect and restore channel complexity Restore shallow water rearing and refuge im habitat --_> Reconnect and enhance creek mouths Protect and restore cold water sources and reduce thermal barriers to migration Improve juvenile and adult survival at the Ballard Locks Reduce predation on juvenile migrants and lake - rearing fry Remove (or reduce impacts of) overwater structures Remove fish passage barriers Protect and restore forest cover and headwater areas Provide adequate stream flow Restore sediment processes necessary for key life stages Restore natural marine shoreline Reconnect backshore areas and pocket estuaries Monday, October 02, 2017 It 1V M z d Protect and restore yti marine water and sediment quality, especially near JI commercial and industrial areas p _ Improve water n quality n CD n Integrate salmon in recovery priorities into � local and regional �. planning, regulations, and permitting (SMP, CAO, NPDES, etc.) Continue existing and conduct new research, monitoring, and adaptive management on key issues )� Increase awareness and support for salmon recovery 1 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE ( 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Sammamish River Mouth Wetland Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Restoration Restore Wetlands on City of Kenmore property near mouth and on island (Inglewood Wetlands). y Projecti Number SR-o-0.2-LB Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location a�uar�a� me No Kenmore Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Lake Pointe Property Riparian and Aquatic Description p o other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Restoration Restore shoreline of the Lake Pointe property as Redevelopment is on hold, but the part of redevelopment. The 45-acre property on Lake Washington and the Sammamish River is property owner remains in discussion with developers. Future Project Number SR-0-0.3-RB targeted for cleanup of hydrocarbons and other redevelopment will require some pollutants. level of site cleanup and an enhanced buffer. Four -Year project Location Work Plan? Redg a Refuge Hamoaf No Kenmore Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total and Constraints Opportunities, , Squire's Landing Park Wetland and Stream Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Restoration 9 Restore upland, riparian, wetland and instream habitat in the 42-acre Squire's landing Park at the confluence of Swamp Creek and the Sammamish Small area of riparian enhancement is underway near mouth of Swamp Creek. City of Kenmore has an Project Number SR-0.7-1.2-RR River, creating a diversity of floodplain and interest in developing park _ instream habitat. amenities. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Ripen.. Floodpbin Vegetation Connectivity Yes Kenmore Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Acquire Undeveloped Property Adjacent to Description p other Considerations Applicable Strategies Squire's Landing - - -- — Purchase parcel to the east of Squire's Landing Park for inclusion in park and for restoration. Project SR-1.2-11e Number Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location rloodpiem ComecYv�,y No Kenmore Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washingtqn/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan ( 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 r� MA rn Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Wayne Sammamish Acquisition and Description P other Considerations Applicable PP icable Strategies Restoration - - - AcquiretheWayneGolfCourseintheCityof Bothell. Includes over 4,500 linear feet of river frontage (counting both banks) and approximately Some funding for acquisition already secured, and the goal is to complete acquisition by end of y� Project I Number SR-1.9-2.5-BB 90 acres. Once protected, restore both banks of 2017. Money secured for a full site the Sammamish and lower Waynita Creek. master plan, and restoration remains several years away. Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? Floodplam siparian Connectivity Vegetation IP Yes Bothell Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Thermal Stress 11000000 Opportunities, Constraints, and Enhance Tributary Confluence of Waynita Descri t.on P other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Creek Project should include as appropriate: improved Restoration of the Waynita Creek fish passage, riparian restoration, placement of large wood, and creation of cool -water refuge confluence may be incorporated into restoration implemented as IF I Project Number SR-2.4-LB pools. part of the larger Wayne Golf Course Back Nine effort. Four-year Work Plan? Project Location Thermal stress ¢ica„a„ Vegetaton No Bothell Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total channel Complexity Norway Hills Enhancement Description and Constraints Opportunities, , other Considerations Applicable Strategies Evaluate creation of pools in the Norway Hill area of the river where some groundwater sources are piped to the river as part of the stormwater Project Number SR-2.5-2.7-LB system. Determine if groundwater inflows at Norway Hill are in need of special protection. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Thermal Stress No Bothell Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Restore historic wetlands on right bank Property is city -owned. downstream of 102nd Avenue bridge to be seasonally inundated wetlands with small channels Project Number SR-3-3.1-RB connecting them to the river. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Tharmal Stress Ripar;en Vegetation No Bothell Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total aa.nel ComPlIoty Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 MA Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Enhance TributaryConfluence of Former Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Horse Creek Channel IP Horse Creek was rerouted to the west as part of the Bothell Landing redevelopment, but the former channel still receives cold water flow. Project Number SR-8.2-RB Evaluate the potential for improving fish access, riparian restoration, placement of large wood, and creation of cool -water refuge pools. ' Four -Year Project Location L Work Plan? rhermai mess Riparian Vegetation No Bothell Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total a„ ei comn'ex , Opportunities, Constraints, and Enhance Confluence of Tributary 0069 Description P other Considerations Applicable PP icable Strategies IP I Project should include as appropriate: improved fish passage, riparian restoration, placement of large wood, and creation of cool -water refuge Project Number SR-4.2-LB pools. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Thermal Suess Riear.,a„ Veaetatro', No Bothell Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Cmeie<nv M Restore and Reconnect Riparian Wetlands Description D Opportunities, Constraints, andDescri other Considerations Applicable Strategies Adjacent to 1-405/SR 522 Interchange Wetland site on right bank on publicly owned land Historically there was a very large (UW and King County Parks), as described in the Sammamish River Corridor Action Plan. If wetland wetland near the Cascadia Campus. Feasibility of this project affected Project Number SR-4.4-4.5-RB reconnection cannot be achieved, vegetation by WSDOT concerns, and the management should be implemented at a minimum. Sammamish River Trail and levees block connection to the river. y - Four-year project Location Work Plan? comannel Moan.. pia.ay Vegetation No Bothell Estimated Project Costs AcquisitionTr! estoration Total Description Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Hwy 522/1-405 Interchange 5j CD Sammamish River Trail runs along right bank. Undeveloped parcels are owned by KC Parks. Trail setback could allow reconnection of the river to Left bank landowner may not be receptive to selling to a public agency, but the land was recently Project Number SR-4.7-5.1-BB lain. the Racia The left bank is part public and part for sale. 11 private ownership. Acquiring the private parcels could also allow for floodplain restoration. At a Four-year Project Location Work Plan? minimum, extensive riparian restoration is a possibility. Fiondplmn Riparian Connectivity Vegetation No Bothell Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Enhance Tributary Confluence and Lower t Descri ion P o other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Reach of Woodin Creek IF I Enhance tributary confluence and lower portion of Woodin Creek. Project should restore riparian vegetation, place large wood, and create a cool- Some restoration completed on Woodin Creek several years ago, but opportunity remains. Project Number SR-6-RB water refuge pool. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Thermal stre:a Riparian Vegetation Yes Woodinville Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Enhance and Reconnect Riparian Wetlands Descri tion P other Considerations Applicable PP cable Strategies Near Gold Creek Enhance and reconnect riparian wetlands to river, Most of the land in this area is in as described in the Sammamish River Corridor Action Plan, at the historic wetland and meander the Agricultural Production District, and while not all is currently I Project Number SR-6.9-RB area near Gold Creek. farmed, restoration should include considerations for current or future farming. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Rn" Vegetation No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total ag IM Im !! M m Enhance Tributary Confluence and Lower Description P Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Reach of Gold Creek Enhance tributary confluence and lower portion of Gold Creek. Project should restore riparian vegetation, place large wood, and create a cool- Some restoration completed on Gold Creek several years ago, but opportunity remains. Could explore Project Number SR-6.95-RB water refuge pool. whether juveniles make it as far as the pond near 140th PI NE, and R so, whether restoration up to or Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? including the pond would be beneficial. Most of the land in this Thermal stress ffi,,an Vageta bn Yes King County area is in the Agricultural Production District, and while not all is currently farmed, restoration Estimated Project Costs should include considerations for current or future farming. Acquisition Restoration Total Reconnect Wetland 38 Description p Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies IIF Reconnect wetland 38 to the Sammamish River, which is located at the south end of the City of Woodinville on the Redhook Brewery site. Would need to evaluate whether reconnecting wetland to the river would drain the wetland. Land Project Number SR-7.1-7.2-LB owned by Red Hook Brewery. Four -Year Work Plan? project Location Ri,,un The,maiSl— Vegetation No Woodinville Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 APPENDIX P u L!! // MA Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Enhance Tributary Confluence and Lower Description p other Considerations Applicable Strategies pp gies Reach of Derby Creek Enhance tributary confluence and lower portion of Project is in design (King County Derby Creek. Project should restore fish passage, restore riparian vegetation, place large wood, and Parks). v� Project Number SR-7.2-RB create acoal-water refuge pool. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Thermal stress Riparian Vegetation Yes King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total pa„age sarne�. Opportunities, Constraints, and Restore Full Meander in Reach Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Restore meander and riparian vegetation. rf Project SR-7.5-1_13 Number - „y Four -Near Work Plan? Project Location channel Rp ni,i, Comel"111 vetetaaon Na King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Restore Small Meanders and Riparian Description P Opportunities, Constraints, andDescri other Considerations Applicable Strategies Vegetation _ This reach is the most straightened reach of the river. Explore restoration of small meanders (similar in scale to Redmond Riverwalk Project) Approximately 2,540 linear feet (" 1.5 acres) of riparian restoration completed as of April 2014. Of this, Project Number SR-7.7-9-INS and regrade. Then restore riparian vegetation. around 440 feet completed by the Snoqualmie Tribe. The Tribe is interested in restoring the small ..+ Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? tribs described in N346, which would connect to the riparian work cnao�ei R,paa,,, Complexity vege.t, n No King County described here. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Enhance Tributary Confluence with Descri tlon P Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Sammamish River at Tributary 0095 YC rl Improve connection of tributary to the river, enhance the mouth to create cool water refugia, and restore riparian vegetation. Project Number SR-8-LB Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location rno,mai st,n�, R,pamn :�eemro� No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 i Ar rd MA Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Restore Historic Side Channel in Reach 4 Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Reconnect historic side channel to river on left Project is in Redmond Capital bank between 116th and 124th and restore riparian vegetation. Improvement Strategy and will be implemented in concert with �� Project Number SR-9.1-9.2-LB Sammamish Park redevelopment. '.� Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location 1 Channel Compleriry Vegetation g No Redmond Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Connect Lek Bank Relict Meander North of Description P o other Considerations A Applicable Strategies NE 116th 2 Replace perched fish barrier culvert at River confluence with lower, oversized culvert to re - establish connection with River, provide off. Project Number SR-9.2-9.4-LB channel habitat, plant riparian vegetation. This project also includes relocating a small stream into the oxbow upstream. ..� Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location 1 Ch,"ei Pa.°°ge coc,pi°x�n ea:ne., No Redmond Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total a pa:'an vese2oo� Irl Lr Opportunities, Constraints, and Restoration from Valley Estates Creek to NE Description P other Considerations Applicable Strategies 116th Street v� r Regrade and revegetate both banks and reconstruct the channel section along this reach of the Sammamish River, including 1800 lineal feet of Project Number SR-9.5-10.2-BB right bank relic channel meander, and 3400lineal feet of existing channel restoration on both banks. Install large wood to improve habitat and provide Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? hydraulicdiversity. Create vegetated benches for juvenile salmon refuge. Channei R,aran complexity vegetation No Redmond Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Riparian Restoration along Willows Run Golf Description P Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Course Property to NE 116th Restore riparian vegetation and remove invasive City of Redmond restoration plans species.One-third to one-half of vegetation already restored on left bank. include this area. Project Number SR-9.Sa0.6-LB 1 Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location No Redmond Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 MA m Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Wetland Restoration and Side Channel Description P o other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Restoration on Right Bank across from -- _-- - Willows Run Golf Course Removal of non-native vegetation, excavation of On Redmond's Capital Investment side channel, and placement of large wood in channel. Enhance and reconnect riparian wetlands Strategy. Property owned by Valley Estates Homeowner's Association. �{ Project I Number SR-9.8d0.2-RB to river. Explore remeandering river at this 1 location. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Rlwt(an chancel Vegetatlon Complexity No Redmond Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Wetland Restoration Feasibility Study in Description P other Considerations o A Applicable Strategies Willows Run Golf Course — - — - — Explore opportunities for reconnection of wetlands/ponds with river. If found to be beneficial, develop project to reconnect to river. Project Number SR-9.8-10.4-LB 1 Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location rne,mal saes: Rlparan vegeWion No Redmond Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total o, Opportunities, Constraints, and Acquire Property Across from Willows Run Descri tion P other Considerations Applicable PP icable Strategies Golf Course Acquire 20-acre parcel on right bank across from Area is being slowly developed by Willows Run Goff Course for floodplain and wetland restoration. residential developer. May be tough to acquire, but restoration M Project Number SR-10.1-10.5-RB potential exists within and along Native Growth Protection Easement already in place. Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? maplam oRiparian FConneamrci vegetation No Redmond Estimated Project Costs quisition r Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Restoration from Willows Creek to Valley Description P other Considerations Applicable Strategies Estates Creek Regrade and revegetate both banks and reconstruct the channel section along this reach of the Sammamish River, including 2000 lineal feet on Project SR-10.2-10.6-BB the west bank and 2700 lineal feet on the east Number bank. Install wood to improve habitat and provide hydraulic diversity. Create vegetated benches for Four -Year Project Location I Work Plan? juvenile salmon refuge. channel Riparian CompleAty Vegetation No Redmond Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan ( 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 7 rip Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 ®APPENDIX F Sammamish River Opportunities, Constraints, and Restoration from NE 90th Street to Willows Description P other Considerations Applicable PP ble Strategies Creek Regrade and revegetate both banks and reconstruct the channel section along this reach of the Sammamish River, including 1800 lineal feet on Project Number SR-10.6-11.2-BB the west bank, and 2400 lineal feet on the east bank. Install wood to improve habitat and provide hydraulic diversity. Create vegetated benches for .yam Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location juvenile salmon refuge. Channel Rip -a,. i mDreary vegeiaeon No Redmond Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Leary Way to Redmond Way Buffer Description P other Considerations Applicable PP ble Strategies Enhancement Remove invasive plants, and plant two acres of riparian with native trees and shrubs. Project Number SR-11.8-12.1-813 Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location getY•on No Redmond Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Mouth of Bear Creek Thermal Refuge Description P other Considerations A Applicable (cable Strategies Implement a"thermal refuge" in the Sammamish Scope not yet developed. River at the mouth of Bear Creek, consistent with the recommendations of the Muckleshoot report IP Project Number SR-12.34NS on Sammamish River temperatures. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location rne�al Stress No Redmond Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Riparian Revegetation between Weir and Description P Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Confluence of Bear Creek Continue to enhance, maintain, and expand areas City of Redmond portion of project of revegetation to provide shade. Control invasive vegetation. is complete. Project Number SR-12.3-13.3-BB Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location �. No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Willowmoor Floodplain Restoration P tion other Considerations Applicable I PP icable Strategies Restore the Sammamish transition zone 1,500 feet Currently funded through above and below the weir. Enhance habitat through elements such as: excavation of a side preliminary design. Preliminary design scheduled to be complete by - 19 Project Number SR-12.9-13.6-LB channel in the left bank floodplain, creation of December 2018. pools, removal of non-native vegetation, addition of gravel substrate, connection to restored Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location segments of Tosh Creek, wetland and groundwater connections, and re -vegetation of riparian and Floodplain Thermal strew Conne<tivlry Yes Redmond wetland areas. Also explore alternatives for cold water supplementation. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total WRIA 8 Salmon Habitat Project List Wednesday, August 30, 2017 I b Lake Washington It APPLICABLE STRATEGIES LEGEND: Protect and restore floodplain connectivity Protect and restore functional riparian vegetation Protect and restore channel complexity .y Restore shallow water rearing and refuge habitat Reconnect and enhance creek mouths Protect and restore cold water sources and reduce thermal barriers to migration Improve juvenile and adult survival at the Ballard Locks Reduce predation on juvenile migrants and lake - rearing fry Remove (or reduce impacts of) 1 overwater structures Remove fish passage barriers HIV Protect and restore forest cover and headwater areas Provide adequate stream flow Restore sediment processes necessary for key life stages Restore natural marine shoreline Reconnect backshore areas and pocket estuaries Protect and restore marine water and sediment quality, especially near commercial and industrial areas Improve water quality Integrate salmon recovery priorities into local and regional planning, regulations, and permitting (SMP, CAO, NPDES, etc.) Continue existing and conduct new research, monitoring, and adaptive ti Mw management on key issues Increase awareness and support for salmon recovery Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 ii M, Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Lower John's Creek Enhancement Description P other Considerations Applicable PP icable Strategies Enhance lower channel to reduce predator habitat, Enhancement should aim to reduce restore riparian vegetation, and protect water quality and quantity from stormwater flows. predator habitat. Extensive planting was done when Park was created. Project Number LW-s1-1 Located in Gene Coulon Park. Park is heavily used and any restoration project will need to allow continued recreational use of Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? the site. Creek. Mouths No Renton Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Investigate feasibility of shoreline restoration Park is heavily used and any actions along shoreline in Gene Coulon Park. restoration project will need to allow continued recreational use of 13 Project Number LW-51-2 the site. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Rearing s Refuge Habitat No Renton Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total r/ rR Opportunities, Constraints, and Bird Island Shoreline Restoration Description p other Considerations Applicable Strategies Restore 19,000 square foot island near Gene Project scheduled for 2017/2018 Coulon Park by removing concrete debris from the shoreline and creating shallow water habitat, construction. 13 Project Number LW-S1-3 removing invasive plants, and planting native vegetation. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Rearing z Refuge Habitat Yes Renton Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Shoreline Restoration between Mouth of Description escr p other Considerations Applicable Strategies Cedar and Gene Coulon Park - — -- -- - Work with private property owners to remove Refers to small area on Boeing bulkheads and restore shallow water habitat and riparian vegetation, property not already enhanced and the Seco property. Seto property is Project Number LW-SS-4 undergoing redevelopment as of 2017 and opportunity for restoration here is essentially lost. Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? Rearinga Refuge Habitat Yes Renton Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 N Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Lower Taylor Creek Restoration Description P o other Considerations A Applicable Strategies . Restore, reconnect, and revegetate floodplain Project is in design (2017) and is along lower 1000 feet of Taylor Creek, including the mouth, 125 feet of lake shoreline, and 350 anticipated for construction beginning in 2019. Project LW-S1-5 square feet of delta. Number - Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location 1 Creek Mautht Yes Seattle Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Henderson 49 C5O Reduction and Shoreline Description other Considerations o A Applicable Strategies Restoration --- Restore approximately 100' of the shoreline on Design is expected to start in 2019 Lake Washington in south Seattle, north of the Taylor Creek mouth. Project includes removing 3-4 and construction in 2020. This is part of a larger project to upgrade a Milli Project LW-Sl-6 feet of RII and old wood shoring and adding 300,000 gallon in -line storage pipe Number appropriately sized gravels at a gradual slope to re- establish the shoreline and support salmon. to improve water quality by reducing combined sewer over- Four -Year project Location Work Plan? Rows in the area. Reer;„e Refuge Haut t No Seattle Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Xk�1 Opportunities, Constraints, and Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Located in Gene Coulon Park. Enhance mouth, The mouth has a good delta and remove silt, and facilitate recruitment of sand and gravel. Should also protect shallow water delta. there is a favorable gradient. Juvenile Chinook have been Project Number LW t S2 observed at the mouth in the past, but not in the stream. Extensive planting was done when Gene Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? Coulon Park was created. Any restoration project will need to Creek Mouths No Renton allow continued recreational use of the Park. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Atlantic City Boat Ramp Shoreline Description P other Considerations A PPlicable Strategies Restoration — - Remove shoreline armoring, regrade shoreline, and plant native vegetation along shoreline between Mapes Creek project site and boat ramp. Project Number LW 52 2 Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location s2df1�s� Refuge Habitat No Seattle Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 OV A M Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE ( 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies In northern reach, remove concrete bulkhead and regrade shoreline to gentle slope. Add fine substrate where needed. Remove invasive el Project Number LWi vegetation and plant native vegetation. Swim beach would be left intact. From Seattle Shoreline Park Inventory and Habitat Assessment. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Rearing& Refuse Habitat No Seattle Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Pritchard Island Wetland Restoration Description P other Considerations o A Applicable Strategies Between Rainier Beach Park and Beer Sheva, Land in public ownership. Wetland connect and restore wetland behind Pritchard Island. may already be hydraulically connected --needs investigation. At �p Project / Number Lgiii a minimum, invasive plant treatment and native revegetation are possibilities. 1t Four -Year project Location Plan? Riparian vogetation No Seattle Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total -0 Mouth of May Creek Restoration P tlon Opportunities, Constraints, andDescri other Considerations Applicable Strategies Restore mouth and lower reach of May Creek. May Creek has been historically Increase beach, set back banks, plant riparian buffers, and add large wood to improve habitat for dredged. In the future maintenance will probably cease. Need to Project Number LW-S2-5 juvenile Chinook. maximize Chinook and minimize cutthroat with development of beach and placement of large - Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? wood. Some buffer restoration was implemented in the past associated creek Mouths No Renton with adjacent development. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Port Quendall Site Cleanup Description P Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies -- Clean up hazardous material on site. Project LW-S2-6 Number " Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location s^stew oi.,, No Renton Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Z L L� /Il MA Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Lake Washington Boulevard South Description p other Considerations Applicable PP cable Strategies Restoration — Control invasive weeds at several locations and re- Some work has been implemented, establish native vegetation. Remove debris along the water's edge in the north portion, from Mount but more remains —additional rubble wall can be removed and 91 Project Number LW-53-1 Baker Park to Stan Sayres Park. Grade the shoreline restoration can occur, shoreline, add beach gravels, and plant native riparian shrubs to return the shoreline to natural Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? conditions. Rearing& Refuge Habitat No Seattle Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Groveland Beach Park Restoration Description p other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Remove/replace docks, remove shoreline City is currently working toward armoring and wooden bulkhead, and plant riparian vegetation along the shoreline. removing the north dock and a wooden bulkhead. In the long - al Project Number LW-53-2 term, shoreline enhancements will be carried farther south. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Rearing& Refuge Habinn No Mercer Island Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Clarke Beach Park Restoration Description P other Considerations o A Applicable Strategies Remove 700 linear feet of concrete and rock On the city's capital plan to begin bulkheads, a sheetpile wavebreak, and a fill jetty. Grade the shoreline to create a shallow beach and construction in 5-6 years. Project Number LW-53-3 nourish with gravels, place large wood, and replant with native species. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Rea,mga Refuge Habitat Vey Mercer Island Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Newcastle Beach Park Restoration Descri tfon P other Considerations A PPI icable Strategies Remove bank hardening and bulkheads, plant riparian vegetation, and protect existing riparian area. 13 Project Number LW-53-4 Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Rearing& Refuge Habitat Yes Newcastle Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 MA Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Creosote Wall Removal under 1-90 Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Remove creosote wall under 1-90, which leaches toeics into mouth of Mercer Slough. Project Number LW-S3-5 - Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location wme, aunty No Bellevue Estimated Project Costs quisition r Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Lake Washington Boulevard Restoration Description P other Considerations o A Applicable Strategies Remove concrete debris and blackberry bushes, Focal area is north of the bus circle regrade, and re-establish native trees and shrubs on the shoreline boulevard from East Pine Street in north Madrona Park. to Project LW-54-1 to the Madrona Drive intersection. Number Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Redf1ns& Refuge Habitat Yes Seattle Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total LI r/ I! MA Opportunities, Constraints, and North Madison Park Shoreline Restoration Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies On state DNR parcel located at end of E Madison Potential DNR/Seattle partnership Street and in north Madison Park, remove shoreline armoring, restore natural shoreline project. to Project Number LW-S4-2 gradient, and plant native vegetation. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Rearing& Refuge Habitat No Seattle Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Description Applicable Strategies Remove bulkhead and place gravels to create a more gradual shoreline. Potential to remove up to 500 feet of armoring and improve shoreline at Project Number LW-S4-3 function, while maintaining park use and access. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Rearing& Refuge Habitat Yes Bellevue Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 i AT Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 1OYE-AR UPDATE ( 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, andApplicable Luther Burbank Shoreline Restoration Description other Considerations Strategies Remove bulkheads, nourish the shoreline, and Initial work completed on two plant native vegetation to improve lakeshore rearing and refuge habitat. Multiple phases target sections. Future phases pending funding for implementation. 13 Project Number LW-54-4 up to 4,000 linear feet. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Rearing it Refuge Habitat Yes Mercer Island Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Clyde Beach Park Shoreline Restoration Description p other Considerations Applicable PP cable Strategies Remove bulkhead and place gravels to create a more gradual shoreline. Potential to remove up to 100 feet of armoring and improve shoreline 13 Project LW-54-5 function, while maintaining park use and access. Number Pour -Year Work Plan? Project Location Rearl,& ftafuge Habitat Yes Bellevue Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total r/ w '+J (n Meydenbauer Beach Shoreline Restoration Description Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Remove bulkhead and place gravels to create a more gradual shoreline. Potential to remove up to 350 feet of shoreline armoring and improve 13 Project Number LW-54-6 function while maintaining park use and access. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Rearmga Refuge Habitat Yes Bellevue Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Enatai Park Shoreline Restoration Description Opportunities, Constraints, andother Considerations Applicable Strategies Remove bulkhead and restore shallow beach Area gets heavy boat wake habitat. influence and recreational use. Bellevue Parks may not be Project Number LW 54 7 supportive of riprap removal here. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Rea,mga Refuge Hahitat No Bellevue Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Medina Beach Park Restoration Description p other Considerations Applicable Strategies Shoreline restoration for approximately 1/3 of park as part of park upgrade project. Will include riparian revegetation and area will be off-limits for 13 Project Number LW-54-8 swimmers and boats. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location a Reams & Refuge HabRm No Medina Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Magnuson Park Shoreline North Description P other Considerations Applicable PP cable Strategies Remove dumped material, concrete, and other Focuses north of swim beach, shoreline armoring; regrade the shoreline, install appropriate beach gravels, and plant with native including potentially the small area of shoreline NW of the NOAA is Project Number LW-S6-1 trees and shrubs in the north end of the park. shoreline. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Rearing& Refuge Habitat No Seattle Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total NOAA Shoreline Restoration at Sand Point Description P Opportunities, Constraints, andOescri other Considerations Applicable Strategies Remove bank armoring, regrade the shoreline to restore a more natural shoreline profile, and plant native vegetation. Project Number LW-S6-2 Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location RearIng a Refuge Hablcet No Seattle Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Magnuson Park Shoreline South Description P Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Remove dumped material, concrete, and other Focus on area south of boat ramp. shoreline armoring, regrade the shoreline, install appropriate beach gravels, and plant with native 91 Project Number LW-S6-3 trees and shrubs in the south end of the park. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Rao'.. g e Reruge Hahibt Na Seattle Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 M Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Feasibility study and analysis of options for Creek mouth currently in pretty shoreline and creek mouth restoration near Matthews Beach Park. Possible restoration good condition, and relocating to another area of the park would Project Number LW-56-4 elements could include replaced culvert at NE 93rd involve significant acquisition and 5t., re -aligned creek channel, riparian revegetation, property acquisition from willing infrastructure removal. Four-year Project Location Work Plan? sellers, and shoreline restoration. The project area is partially within Matthews Beach Park and trees Meee6; No Seattle bordered by Burke Gilman Trail to the north, Sandpoint Way NE to the west, NE 90th PI to the south and lake WA to the east. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Sammamish River Mouth and Inglewood Golf t Descri ion P other Considerations Applicable Strategies Course Shoreline Restoration --- — - Restore wetlands at mouth of Sammamish River Focus is on shoreline and wetlands (south side of mouth), remove invasive plants, and plant native riparian vegetation. along Inglewood Road NE. to Project Number W-57-1 Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location aex.Fnga Refuge Habitat No Kenmore Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total I `A n Opportunities, Constraints, and Tracy Owen Station at Log Boom Park Description p other Considerations Applicable Strategies Shoreline Restoration Shoreline near the mouth of the Sammamish River is degraded by the presence of invasive species, erosion, and shoreline armoring. Explore removal 13 Project Number LWi of wood waste and restore the shoreline by removing invasive plants, planting native vegetation, and removing existing shoreline Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? armoring. Re„ing& Feh,ge HabBm No Kenmore Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and 0.0. Denny Park Shoreline Restoration Description p other Considerations Applicable Strategies Remove bulkhead, plant riparian vegetation. Seattle -owned land, leased by Explore restoration of Denny Creek mouth. Kirkland. Seattle would likely support restoration measures as Project Number LW-S7.3 developed by Kirkland. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Fearing& Ref:,ge xaenat No Kirkland Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE ( 2017 opportunities, Constraints, and St. Edwards State Park Shoreline Restoration Description p other Considerations Applicable Strategies pp gies Remove large boulders that form a bulkhead and three groins along the shoreline and RII voids and depressions with gravels and sands that match the IM Project LW-57-4 natural lakebed substrate. Enhance shoreline Number vegetation by planting additional coniferous trees and shrubs. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Rearing& Refuge Habitat Yes Kenmore Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total 4L� rJ lJ WRIA 8 Salmon Habitat Project List Lake Sammamish APPLICABLE STRATEGIES LEGEND: Protect and restore =- floodplain connectivity Protect and restore functional riparian vegetation Protect and restore channel complexity Protect and restore cold water sources and reduce thermal barriers to migration Improve juvenile and adult survival at the Ballard Locks Reduce predation on juvenile migrants and lake - rearing fry Restore shallow Remove (or water rearing reduce impacts of) and refuge , overwater habitat structures Reconnect and enhance creek mouths Remove fish passage barriers Protect and restore forest cover and headwater areas Provide adequate stream flow Restore sediment processes necessary for key life stages Restore natural marine shoreline Reconnect backshore areas and pocket estuaries Wednesday, August 30, 2017 Protect and restore marine water and sediment quality, especially near commercial and industrial areas _ Improve water quality Integrate salmon recovery priorities into local and regional planning, regulations, and permitting (SMP, CAO, NPDES, etc.) Continue existing and conduct new research, monitoring, and adaptive management on key issues Increase awareness and support for salmon recovery I Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Mouth of Issaquah Creek Habitat Description p other Considerations o A Applicable Strategies Enhancement Project would primarily consist of bank and in. Mountains to Sound Greenway water revegetation at the mouth of the creek. Site is currently heavily impacted by human use. Could Trust implementing restoration plantings in this area —additional is Project LS-1 benefit from restoration, especially north of the enhancement opportunitiesNumber creek. remain. Four-Near Work Plan? Project Location R'Padan Channel Vegetation Complexity No Issaquah Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Acquire up to six acres along lower Ebright Creek Project identified in Kokanee and enhance mouth of creek and shoreline of Lake Blueprint is Project Number LS-Sammamish. 2 Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Creek Mouths Rearing& R.f,ge Habitat Yes Sammamish Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Descri tion Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Channel Restoration Restore the mouth of creek and upstream to the Current alignment of Laughing East Lake Sammamish Trail, focused on armoring removal and riparian restoration. As an initial step Jacobs downstream of East Lake Sammamish Parkway Is highly Project Number LS-3 in this effort, perform a feasibility study and risk armored and confined by private assessment for the potential to re-route lower Laughing Jacobs Creek south of its current residences. Relocating the channel will offer greater complexity and _ Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? alignment, moving the channel through Lake Sammamish State Park. channel/floodplain interactions, benef tting Chinook and kokanee. Creek Mouths Channel Complexity Yes Issaquah Project is a viable restoration opportunity regardless of the potential for a future re-route of Estimated Project Costs the lower channel due to inflows from Many Springs Creek. Acquisition Restoration Total Identified as a priority in the Kokanee Blueprint. Schneider Creek Mouth Restoration Description p Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable PP icahle Strategies Schneider Creek flows into Lake Sammamish along the boundary between City of Issaquah's Sammamish Cove Park and a private parcel. Project Number LS-4 Conduct a feasibility studyto determine potential for meandering and restoring the creek downstream of 1-90, through City -owned property. Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? J Creek Mouths Channel Complexity No Issaquah Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 APPEND! F 0 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Vasa Creek Mouth Restoration Description p other Considerations Applicable Strategies Restore the mouth and surrounding area of Vasa Involves private properties, and Creek. willingness to participate is uncertain. Project is identified in Project Number LS-5 the Kokanee Blueprint. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Cr ek Mouths No Bellevue Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Phantom Creek Habitat Protection Description P other Considerations Applicable Strategies One relatively large parcel exists at the mouth of Phantom Creek that would be ideal for acquisition possible restoration. Project Number LS-and 5 Four -Year Work Plan? proLocation j Creek Mouths No Bellevue Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, andDescri Protect and Restore Semi -Natural Shoreline P Lion other Considerations Applicable Strategies South of Weber Point Acquire easement and restore area south of Weber Point and between the lake and the East Sammamish Trail easement. 13 Project Number LS-Lake B Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location e ,,, E Hefu6a H=vilat No Sammamish Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Forested Buffer Protection Description P other Considerations Applicable Strategies Acquire private land to protect forested buffers in vicinity of Phantom Creek. ee t� Project Number LS-7 Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location No Bellevue Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Protect and Restore Inglewood Hill Shoreline Description P other Considerations o A Applicable Strategies Located at the end of Inglewood Hills Road, the Explore potential for restoration of majority of shoreline here is in King County ownership (East Lake Sammamish trait). For mouth of small tributary that enters lake at this location. Pr Project oject Number LS-9 private properties, pursue easements that would allow for restoration of shoreline and riparian vegetation. Four -Year project Location Work Plan? Vegetation No Sammamish Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Restore Semi -Natural Shoreline North of Description P other Considerations Applicable PP icable Strategies Weber Point Much of the shoreline is in public ownership. City of Sammamish owns and Restore the shoreline to enhance rearing and refuge habitat for juveniles. manages much of this section of shoreline as Sammamish Landing to Project Number LS-10 Park. Four -Near Work Plan? Project Location Re„n„ a s Refuge Nae4:ac No Sammamish Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total WRIA 8 Salmon Habitat Project List Monday, October 02, 2017 I b Ship Canal & Lake Union APPLICABLE STRATEGIES LEGEND: _ Protect and restore _ floodplain connectivity Protect and restore functional riparian vegetation Protect and restore channel complexity Restore shallow water rearing and refuge habitat Protect and restore cold water sources and reduce thermal barriers to migration Improve juvenile and adult survival at the Ballard Locks Reduce predation on juvenile migrants and lake - rearing fry Remove (or reduce impacts of) overwater structures Protect and restore forest cover and headwater areas Provide adequate stream flow Restore sediment processes necessary for key life stages Restore natural marine shoreline Protect and restore marine water and sediment quality, especially near commercial and industrial areas 0 Improve water quality Integrate salmon recovery priorities into local and regional planning, regulations, and permitting (SMP, CAD, NPDES, etc.) Continue existing and conduct new research, monitoring, and adaptive management on key issues Reconnect and Remove fish Reconnect Increase awareness enhance creek passage barriers backshore areas and and support for mouths pocket estuaries salmon recovery Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) ChlnooRMM&W&nservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 2 F f_T Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed jWRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, and Constraints, Implement Operational Improvements to the Description other Considerations Strategies Locks ;Applicable Operational improvements include replacing filling Updated project description in 2015 culvert valves and machinery jStoney Gate valves), installing a PIT tag reader in large lock filling to align this project with current improvements being implemented Project Number SC-2 culvert, rehabilitating the large lock gate, finding or targeted by Corps. A PIT tag permanent solution to the saltwater drain intake and diffuser well, and redesigning the smolt flume. reader was installed in the large lock filling culverts in 2017, as was a Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? prototype for a new smolt slide. Loos survivzl Yes Ballard Locks Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Locks Natural Fishway and Estuary Description p other Considerations Applicable PP cable Strategies Construct a more natural, fairly wide and long channel at the Locks facility that would allow both adult and juvenile fish to move back and forth - Project Number SC-3 between warmer lake outflow and cooler tidal water, and allow tidal change to inundate areas designed into the channel where both adults and Four -Year Project Location I Work Plan? juveniles could find refuge to hold and choose their preferred salinity. locks Survival No Ballard Locks Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total FW Improve Estuary Conditions Upstream of the Description P Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Locks Modify the salt water barrier or change operation A false lockage study was of the barrier while increasing the number of large lockages to introduce cool marine waters above conducted in 2015 and found minimal upstream benefits while Project Number SC-4 the locks and create a longer estuary environment. posing some other water quality issues. Other options may be available. Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? L«ks survmai Yes Ballard Locks Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Explore Low Elevation Smolt Passage at Locks Description Lion Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Consider structural options for smolt passage when use of smolt flumes drops off. Large locks may be serving this purpose. a Project Number SC-5 Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location to<ks survrvx� No Ballard Locks Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 APPENDIX F r� MA Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 - Opportunities, Constraints, and Reduce Large Lock Speed g P Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Further reduce lockage speed for large locks to Corps of Engineers should inform reduce smolt entrainment in filling culverts. whether this remains a viable alternative to address juvenile Project Number sC-11 survival. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location mrla survwal No Ballard Locks Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Fish Ladder Improvements Description p other Considerations Applicable Strategies pp gies Improve downstream entrance to the fish ladder Corps of Engineers should inform with a telescoping weir and a horizontal gate. Close the slot on the downstream end to whether this remains a viable alternative to address fish passage. a Project SC-12 concentrate the flow. Number Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location L.,k, S,. ,,,,,; No Ballard Locks Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total i/ M Add Fishway Lighting to the Fish Ladder Description p Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Corps of Engineers should inform whether this remains a viable ahernative to address fish passage. Project Number SC-13 a Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location toc�Sumwal No Ballard Locks Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Ballard Bridge Shoreline Restoration t Descri ion p Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Potential habitat restoration/public access area under the Ballard Bridge along the north side of the canal. The potential exists to connect the 13 Project Number SC-1 project with private green space just to the west of site, and the Seattle Central Community College Marine Technology Center's landscaped shoreline Four -Year project Location Work Plan? to the east. incorporate treatment of rainwater run-off from the Ballard Bridge and riparian Raa,^, & Refuse Habitat No Seattle vegetation. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIAB) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Ballard Bride Water Quality Improvements g Y P Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Improve water quality by treating runoff with vegetated bioswales. Project SC-6 Number Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Water4uaury No Seattle Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Fremont Bridge Demonstration Project Description P other Considerations Applicable PP cable Strategies Work with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to construct a demonstration project on federal lands West of the Fremont Bridge, where there is an Project Number SC-7 area available for bank re -sloping, addition of native vegetation, and rock removal. Hypothetically, this would provide a refuge site for Four -Year project Location Work Plan? migratingjuveniles. Rearing Refuse Habitat No Seattle Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Aurora Avenue Bridge Shoreline Restoration Description p other Considerations Applicable Strategies Remove riprap and restore vegetation under the Aurora Avenue bridge on the north side near Adobe property. IM Project Number SC 8 Four -Year Work Plan? project Location Ra.n, % Refuge Habitat No Seattle Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Gasworks Park Large area for potential shoreline restoration Seattle needs additional approvals including removal of shoreline armoring, invasive vegetation removal, and revegetation. Project from Ecology on sediment cleanup before they can proceed. East IM Project Number SC-9 should also evaluate DNR Waterway 20 for shoreline will be enhanced with potential enhancement Oust west of Gasworks). invasive vegetation removal and revegetation. Need investigation to Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? determine what can be done along the west portion. Best case is some Re.6i g s Rene^ uacttac No Seattle implementation begins in 2021-22. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Evaluate Deepening the Mortlake Cut P g Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Evaluate options for deepening the Mortlake Cut Need to coordinate this to determine if this is a feasible way to allow colder water from Lake Washington to flow in Lake investigation with the Army Corps of Engineers. IP Project Number SC-10 Union. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Thermm sire. No Seattle Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total WRIA 8 Salmon Habitat Project List Puget Sound Nearshore APPLICABLE STRATEGIES LEGEND: Protect and Protect and i restore restore cold water floodplainIR sources and reduce connectivity thermal barriers to migration Protect and Improve juvenile restore functional and adult survival riparian at the Ballard Locks vegetation Protect and Reduce predation restore channel on juvenile complexity migrants and lake- earing fry Restore shallow Remove (or water rearing reduce impacts of) and refuge , overwater habitat structures Protect and restore forest cover and headwater areas Provide adequate stream flow Restore sediment processes necessary for key life stages Restore natural 1 marine shoreline Wednesday, August 30, 2017 17-1 b LTJ z d I --I Protect and restore marine water and sediment quality, _ especially near — commercial and industrial areas CD Improve water quality -D O rJ n Integrate salmon in recovery priorities into r— local and regional FA planning, regulations, and permitting (SMP, CAO, NPDES, etc.) Continue existing and conduct new research, monitoring, and adaptive management on key issues Reconnect and Remove fish Reconnect •�� Increase awareness enhance creek passage barriers backshore areas and and support for mouths -:,- pocket estuaries salmon recovery 71 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA B) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Feeder Bluff Restoration Feasibility Study Description and Constraints Opportunities, , other Considerations Applicable Strategies Nearshore feasibility assessment to identify Both King County and Snohomish potential beach nourishment locations and develop beach nourishment designs for County have identified locations for beach nourishment. Designs are a fjr Project Number PS-1 restoration implementation. future phase. -- Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location nea,:hare No Nearshore Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Descri Lion Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Replacement of the existing culvert under the Lots of drainage/slope stability railroad with a trestle to restore connectivity and improve sediment transport from the uplands. problems exist in the drainage. Site receives quite a bit of sediment — Project Number PS-2 Project may also benefit fish passage. deposition from the creek but could be improved with the installation of a trestle. Two fish passage barriers Four -Year Project Location f Work Plan? upstream from the park have been identified. creek mio�ohs No Snohomish County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total 0 !'P Description Opportunities, Constraints, and Applicable Strategies Shoreline Restoration _ - -- Enhance non -natal rearing habitat by removing a portion of the hard -armored railroad embankment and the undersized culvert for Lund's Gulch Creek. Project Number PS-3 Install a multi -span bridge, create nearly one acre of tidal marsh pocket estuary and stream - connected wetlands, and restore approx. one acre Four -Year Project Location Work Plan. of nearshore stream and riparian buffers along aackshors Greek Mouths 1050 ft. of shoreline. The bridge opening will Yes Snohomish County improve sediment delivery and natural process. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Description Opportunities, Constraints, and Applicable Strategies Removal Acquire and remove the dilapidated marina structure. The site is a total of 2.17 acres, with the buildings/wharfs representing approx. 1.7 acres of q Project Number PS-4 over -water structures. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location 0�erw.te, o- cmres No Snohomish County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan ( 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 IVA M i Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Shell Creek Beach Nourishment Descri tion P other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Conduct beach nourishment activities at the mouth of Shell Creek near Yost Park. Project Number PS-5 Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location me—ho,e No Snohomish County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Shell Creek Culvert Replacement Descri tion P other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Replace the existing culvert where Shell Creek crosses the railroad with a trestle to restore connectivity and improve sediment transport. Project Number PS-6 -- Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Creel moms No Snohomish County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total s Brackett's Landing Park Vegetation Description and Constraints Opportunities, , other Considerations Applicable Strategies Enhancement Riparian vegetation enhancement at BracketYs Surf smelt and sand lance spawning Landing including addition of low -growing trees. There is an invasive species problem just to the has been documented along Olympic Beach and Brackett's I Project Number PS-7 north of the site. Further enhance the marine Landing. The southwestern two- riparian vegetation by adding native plants to existing backshore areas and removing non-native thirds of Olympic Beach is modified by a sea wall. The City of Edmonds Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? invasive plants. awns all but 100 feet of the tidelands in this area and about Riparian vegetation No Edmonds two-thirds of the adjoining upland property. Heavily used public area; feasibility is likely low. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Description Opportunities, Constraints, and Applicable Strategies Daylight Willow Creek downstream of Edmonds Marsh to create an open channel connection between the Sound and marsh and allow fish Project Number PS-8 access into the marsh for rearing. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Yes Edmonds Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 JCL LrJ Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed jWRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Woodway Tidal Lagoon North Description P other Considerations Applicable PP icable Strategies Potential culvert improvement project at an inter- Potential fresh water seepage into tidal lagoon and mud Rat where railroad was built offshore. Site is just south of Point Edwards Park. lagoon could make for good shallow water habitat. Site should 9 Project Number PS-9 be investigated further, as little is currently known. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location 9ackshore No Woodway Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Deer Creek Restoration or Culvert Description P other Considerations Applicable PP cable Strategies Replacement Enhance the connectivity of Deer Creek and the Site hosts several small tidal associated estuarine wetland with the nearshore by replacing the two concrete culverts with an lagoons upstream of tracks that could be improved. Significant Project Number PS-10 oversized culvert or a trestle bridge. Include in the amount of forested area in basin. t project an assessment of the tidal lagoon just north of the creek mouth and whether the lagoon Deer creek is too steep for fish passage. Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? connection or lagoon itself can be enhanced. C. k momhs aa�k:no,e No Woodway Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total V4 lJ n Opportunities, Constraints, and Description Applicable Strategies Restore the entire Point Wells site by completely removing the sea wall, riprap dike, and fill. Regrade the site and reconnect local freshwater tl�l Project Number PS-11 sources tore -create a tidal lagoon system with an opening at the north end of the point, which was probably the original mouth of the tidal lagoon vt Four -Year Project Location 1 Work Plan? system. Reestablish native riparian and backshore vegetation. No Snohomish County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Migratory Area Riparian Restoration and Description p Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Invasive Species Control Control invasive species on a coordinated basis in priority shoreline habitats and implement planting with native species In treated areas. Project Number PS-12 Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location gecadon Yes Nearshore Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 South Point Wells Habitat Acquisition and q Description Opportunities, and Constraints, other Considerations Applicable Strategies Restoration -- - Enhance the south shoreline by removing riprap dike, eliminating invasive plants, and reestablishing native riparian and backshore lie Project Number PS•13 vegetation. Evaluate re -treating three acre intertidal lagoon that may have been historicFour-Year pro ect Location 1 marsh before being filled. Work Plan? Na,r,noa eai No Snohomish County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Point Wells North Habitat Acquisition and Descri tion P other Considerations Applicable PP cable Strategies Restoration - - - Acquisition and protection of a very small (-1 acre) remnant piece of marine riparian habitat exists on the north side of Point Wells. Despite the I Project Number PS-14 proximity to the Point Wells site, it would be a valuable piece to rotect and restore.A p- p pprox. 850 it of shoreline. Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? Riparian seianon No Snohomish County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, andDescri Richmond Beach North Property Acquisition Description P other Considerations Applicable Strategies and Restoration _ Acquisition, demolition, and restoration of shoreline where numerous (3Pr) homes that are built in the nearshore north of Richmond Beach 'tit Project Number PS-15 park. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location r p1�rno�s No Shoreline Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Barnacle Creek Wetland Enhancement Description P Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Enhance tidally influenced wetland habitat on the Is at least partially fish passable and east side of Burlington Northern Railroad Tracks at Barnacle Creek. Evaluate whether better already has wetland characteristics. Project Number PS-16 connection through culvert replacement would be beneficial. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location earw:Wore No Shoreline Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 a (n a rD n n U O D n N r LO Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Pipers Creek Culvert Replacement Description p Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Replace the existing culvert under the railroad Proximity to Salmon Bay makes this with a trestle to restore connectivity and improve site potentially valuable for Project sediment transport. Evaluate upstream passage restoration. Number PS-17 problems and address in ways that would improve juvenile Chinook access. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Creek Mouths No Seattle Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Golden Gardens Pocket Estuary Feasibility Description p Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Study Explore creation of pocket estuary at Golden Gardens Park that juvenile fish can access. The north end of the park has a perched wetland area Project Number PS-18 that has a great deal of flat land that could be converted to a more substantial wetland complex. North end of the park could be modified to allow Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location I fish access to the wetland. sa<esr.�a No Seattle Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total 36th Ave. NW Street End on Salmon Bay Description p Opportunities, Constraints, andDescri other Considerations Applicable Strategies Increase rearing/refuge habitat for juveniles by restoring the conditions at this site, which is located downstream of the Salmon Bay Natural A{j Project Number PS-19 Area just west of the railroad bridge. Alternative bank protection measures would be used to create a more gradual slope. In addition, riparian and Yr' Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? emergent vegetation could be planted, and the substrate could be amended to restore nearshore n��anor_ No Seattle habitat. Site includes approximately 70 ft. of shoreline. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Commodore Park and Wolfe Creek Description p other Considerations o A Applicable Strategies Restoration --- ----- Explore feasibility of habitat restoration at Commodore Park, located immediately downstream of the Hiram M. Crittenden Locks on _ jjr -- A<; Project Number PS-20 the south bank. Purpose of the project would be to increase the limited high -quality rearing/refuge habitat for smotts that migrate through this area. Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? Armored seawall should be removed and restoredNo to a gentler, vegetated slope. Project could be Seattle combined with daylighting Wolfe Creek to create a pocket estuary downstream of the Locks. Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and West Point Pocket Estuary Description P other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Explore creation of pocket estuary at West Point. Site is currently not tidally This area used to have some form of salt marsh that appears to have allowed fish access. Currently influenced. A heavily engineered solution would be required to Project Number PS-21 there is a skinny, long, perched wetland between maintain such an estuary, but it isa the bulkhead and the facility. Explore possibility to expand the length of this wetland (towards the one of the few opportunities available. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location lighthouse) and come up with a permanent engineering solution to allow fish access. eackshore No Seattle Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Scheuerman Creek Riparian and Marine Description P o other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Shoreline Restoration - Remove barrier at the mouth of Scheuerman Creek, enhance creek mouth, remove shoreline armoring, and restore native riparian vegetation to — a Project Number PS-22 provide juvenile rearing habitat in the nearshore. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Creek M.,Ihs N� ..h.,e Yes Seattle Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total RW City of Mukilteo's Riparian Vegetation Description Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Enhancement - - - - - - - - Implement nearshore riparian revegetation on priority sites identified in Mukilteo's 2011 Draft Shoreline Plan. Project Number PS-23 Four -Year Project location Work Plan? Ripa,�.,o veseran No Mukilteo Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Restoration of Boeing Creek mouth and delta, to occur in concert with removal of Hidden Lake Dam and other upstream improvements that will Allowing sediment to move through the system is the easiest and cheapest way to get beach - i I Project Number PS-24 facilitate increased downstream sediment nourishment along the nearshore, transport. Proposed upstream dam removal will provide sediment nourishment benefits to Boeing thereby restoring this creek's mouth and delta habitats. It is not _ Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? Creekmouthand delta. Explore possibilityto remove existing culvert at railroad to enhance necessary to remove fish passage barriers upstream of the creek oexk moom: nea.more No Shoreline nearshore process. mouth to enable greater sediment transport to the nearshore, since those barriers do not trap Estimated Project Costs sediment. Habitat and fish passage conditions are good in the lower" estoration Total 1000 feet of Boeing Creek, but the culvert crossing of the railroad right r77T Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Shilshole Bay Shoreline Restoration Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Assessment SPU-led project to assess sites for potential future shoreline restoration along Shilshole segment of shoreline. is Project Number 1`5-25 Four-Year Work Plan? Project Location Nea„hare No Seattle Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Naketa Beach Home Acquisition and Descri tion P other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Restoration Purchase the fee simple property rights for all of Currently 12 houses in the the parcels and remove the houses, fill, and sea wall. proposed project area, but southernmost parcel has no is Project Number PS-26 structure. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Ne„snore No Mukilteo Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Iq I ori A Opportunities, Constraints, and City of Mukilteo Tideland and Shoreline Description P other Considerations Applicable Strategies Acquisitions Acquire tidelands and shoreline habitat for protection purposes. v� Project Number PS 27 Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location R,,,on VeC�taticn No Mukilteo Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Big Gulch Culvert Replacement and Description P other Considerations Applicable Strategies Restoration — - --- - Purchase the last remaining private property and re -construct a historic saltwater estuary at the mouth of Big Gulch Creek. Replace the undersized Project Number PS-28 culvert under the railroad with a trestle to restore system connectivity and improve sediment transport into the nearshore. Restore instream Four -Year project Location Work Plan? and riparian habitat. o-ezn rnoum: sack:nore No Mukilteo Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 LLL'. RE Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chino0k Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Shipwreck/Hulk Creek Riparian Restoration Description P other Considerations Applicable Stiategies Work with the property owners to enhance the Site holds high potential for marine marine riparian vegetation at the site. This would increase the amount of shade for potential forage riparian vegetation restoration/enhancement. A mid Project Number PS-29 fish spawning in the upper intertidal zone. sized backshore area supports Approximately 1000 ft. of shoreline restoration potential. some marine riparian vegetation and there appears to be potential Four -Year project Location Work Plan? for enhancement with additional native planting. Ripanan Vegeta i.n No Snohomish County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Shipwreck Hulk Creek Acquisition and Description P other Considerations A Applicable Strategies -- _- Restoration Acquisition and restoration of former shipyard site. Approximately 1000 ft. of shoreline restoration potential. It may be possible to protect Project Number PS-30 the site b Y Purchasing the fee simple property rights or some form of conservation easement. Four -Year Work Plan? project Location No Snohomish County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Picnic Point Riparian Enhancement Description P Opportunities, Constraints, andDescri other Considerations Applicable Strategies Marine riparian enhancement, creosote log removal, installation of nearshore interpretive signage, and feasibility and design of alternatives I Project Number PS-31 to address flooding, erosion, and fish passage problems. Project addresses approx. 1200 ft of shoreline. Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? Rrarian �re�oon No Snohomish County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 WRIA 8 Salmon Habitat Project List North Creek APPLICABLE STRATEGIES LEGEND: a Protect and restore floodplain connectivity Protect and restore functional riparian vegetation 19 Protect and restore cold water sources and reduce �t t thermal barriers to '►W!t}} migration Improve juvenile and adult survival at the Ballard Locks Protect and restore forest cover and headwater areas Provide adequate stream flow Monday, October 02, 2017 Protect and restore marine water and sediment quality, especially near commercial and industrial areas Improve water quality Integrate salmon Protect and Reduce predation Restore sediment v-4r recovery priorities into processes necessary local and regional restore channel on juvenile P Y g' complexity migrants and lake- for key life stages planning, regulations, rearing fry and permitting (SMP, CAO, NPDES, etc.) Restore shallow Remove (or Restore natural Continue existing and water rearing reduce impacts of) marine shoreline conduct new research, and refuge , overwater monitoring, and adaptive habitat structures management on key issues —�> Reconnect and Remove fish enhance creek passage barriers mouths ;I Reconnect backshore areas and pocket estuaries Increase awareness and support for salmon recovery a ro ro M z d I --I Riparian Restoration and Invasive Species Description P Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Control— North Creek Control invasive knotweed and other priority invasive species on a coordinated basis to improve riparian habitat, on public and private properties. �p Y Project Number NC-1-BB After initial control is achieved, regularly monitor, detect, and rapidly respond to any new infestations. Implement planting with native Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? species in treated areas. veee�anp� Yes Basinwide Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Riparian Restoration at NE 195th and 1-405 Description P Opportunities, Constraints, and other Considerations Applicable Strategies Riparian area along North Creek as it emerges from under 1-405 is thick with reed canarygrass. Treat site and restore native riparian forest I Project Number NC-R2-1-LB conditions. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location R,paa3n m� No Bothell Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed(WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation. Plan 110YEARUPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed )WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Flood lain Restoration in Reach 2 P Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Floodplain restoration on baseball diamond north Site constrained by North Creek of 195th and privately owned property between 195th and 1-405. Setback levee, increase Rood Trail. Property may be for sale. a Project Number NC-R2-2-LB storage, restore off -channel habitat and add large wood. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location / P1ectd1" Connectivity No Bothell Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Restore Riparian Wetland North of 195th Descri tlon P other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Add large wood, remove invasive plant species, and plant native vegetation. Site experiences high peak flows, well connected with North Creek. Levee located here is certified by FEMA, so very challenging site. `�'� Project Number NC-R2-3-RB Property is 1.46 acres and is in Bothell Business park. r Four -Near Work Plan? Project Location Channel Riparian Complexity Vei No Bothell Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Restore Riparian Wetland South of North Description p other Considerations Applicable Strategies Creek Parkway N Increase flood storage, set back levee, add large Past project done on site to breach wood, remove invasive plant species and plant native vegetation. levee -may need maintenance. Property owner willingness M Project Number NC-R2-4-LB unknown. 11 acre site within Bothell Business Park. y Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Complesiry Vegeution No Bothell Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Protect Forested Property to East of Reach 2 Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Protect forested, steep sloped property to east of Parr Creek flows along 120th and business park in reach. Includes wetlands and groundwater recharge areas. Located east of 120th routinely floods the road. Project Number NC-R2-5-RB and straddles Hollywood Hills Drive. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Fprestcover No Bothell Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 l! Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Protect Forested Property North of 24oth Description P other Considerations o A Applicable Strategies Protect forested, undeveloped property north of Reach has highest spawning area 240th (through 234th) through conservation easement or acquisition. on North Creek. Last undeveloped portion of North Creek within City Project Number NC-R3-1-RB of Bothell. Potential upzoning being 1 4 considered. i Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location For -sr cO1Pr No Bothell Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Floodplain Restoration North of 228th Description P other Considerations Applicable PP ble Strategies Acquire 16 acre property North of 228th, return creek to natural channel by removing berm that redirected it. Restore riparian vegetation and side Property is undevelopable. Project Number NC-R4-1-LB channels and add large wood. Increase flood storage and flood refuge habitat. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Fiooaa:a�� q�pa�ar co�oe�rmnv vosec�no� Na Bothell Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total i0 lWJ Opportunities, Constraints, and Enhance Mouth of Palm Creek Descri tion P o other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Enhance mouth and lower 100 yards of Palm Creek as cold water refuge for juvenile Chinook. Adopt A Stream potentially working on private properties in this area. Creek is very cold and has excellent 0 Project Number NC-R4-2-RB DO levels. ' Four -Near Work Plan? Project Location Creek Mouths Ch—.,YCS omplewl Bothell Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Enhance Creek in Thrasher's Corner Area Description P other Considerations Applicable Strategies Enhance incised stream channel within Thrashers Corner area (owned by the City of Bothell), restore riparian vegetation, plant conifers and add large �} Project Number NC-R4-3-INS wood. *w Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Chanel Ripa,Ian Complexity Vegetation No Bothell Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Protect Forested Wetland South of Maltby Description p other Considerations Applicable Strategies pp gies Road Protect forested, 10.5 acre wetland South of Some land has been acquired by Maltby Road, including unnamed tributary. Bothell. IP Project Number NC-R4-4-BB Four-year Work Plan? Project Location rne.mal stress No Bothell Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Floodplain Acquisition and Restoration at Descri Lion P other Considerations A Applicable Strategies end of Waxen Road -- _ --- - - - Acquire frequently flooded home at end of Waxen Road and restore flood plain and add large wood. Project Number NC-R6-1-RB Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location cioodai,� m rn;N No Snohomish County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total I Opportunities, Constraints, and Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Replant cleared parcel north of 192nd and west of Waxen Road. { Project NC-R6-2-LB Number Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Vr,'. ' No Snohomish County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and North Creek Regional Park Stream Channel Descri tion P o other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Enhancement Enhance North Creek stream channel within North Creek Regional Park, add large wood, encourage meandering of channel and restore riparian Project Number NC-117-I-INS vegetation. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location cna.,�ei a�..,,;,. comn�e.�cv vw>e�seo� No Snohomish County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 rim 7 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Flood lain Restoration North of North Creek P Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Park - -- — --- Acquire conservation easement on property west City unlikely to ever purchase in of 9th Ave. and north of the North Creek Regional Park and remove dike, reconnect North Creek to fee, but restoration easements maya be possible and appropriate given Project Number NC-R7-2-RB floodplain and wetlands. the site. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Fiood']U' co,�nemn No Snohomish County, Mill Creek Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Acquire North Creek Hillslope Forest Site, 53 acres of mature second -growth forest/wetlands on right bank of North Creek adjacent to North Creek Project Number NC-117-3-11B Regional Park. Includes minor tributaries and �� ` 1 groundwater sources. r� Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Fares m•:=, No Snohomish County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total MA Opportunities, Constraints, and Description Applicable Strategies Culvert at 164th Street SE meets fish passage criteria but contains creosote timbers in contact with the creek. Remove these to benefit water Project Number NC-117-4-I145 quality. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Water quality No Mill Creek Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Restoration in Native Growth Protection Area Description p other Considerations Applicable Strategies For the area below McCollum Park in the Native Growth Protection Easement, implement actions such as adding large wood, riparian restoration, �( Project Number NC-119-1-1.13 and conifer underplanting. j Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Channel Riparian Complexity Vegetation No Snohomish County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 m Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and McCollum Park Restoration Description P other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Install grade control structures or large wood from Northwest Stream Center to 128th to reduce peak flows and erosion; restore riparian vegetation. Project j Number NC-1110-1-INS Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location ch,nn.=i a., " co..�Fi�.ry veseia*ion No Snohomish County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Protect North Creek Headwaters Description P other Considerations o A Applicable Strategies Acquire 10-acre parcel south of Everett Mail Way on 3rd Avenue SE. Project Number NC-ft10-2-BB I Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location ro�en cope, No Snohomish County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total WRIA 8 Salmon Habitat Project List Little Bear Creek APPLICABLE STRATEGIES LEGEND: Protect and Protect and Protect and restore restore restore cold water forest cover and floodplain sources and reduce headwater areas connectivity thermal barriers to C2 IV migration Protect and �y restore functional Griparian vegetation Protect and restore channel complexity Restore shallow water rearing and refuge habitat Reconnect and enhance creek mouths Improve juvenile and adult survival at the Ballard Locks Reduce predation on juvenile migrants and lake - rearing fry Remove (or reduce impacts of) overwater structures Remove fish passage barriers Wednesday, August 30, 2017 Protect and restore marine water and sediment quality, especially near commercial and industrial areas Provide adequate Improve water stream flow - quality Integrate salmon Restore sediment recovery recovery priorities into processes necessary" local and regional for key life stages planning, regulations, and permitting (SMP, CAO, NPDES, etc.) Restore natural {j marine shoreline Reconnect backshore areas and pocket estuaries Continue existing and conduct new research, monitoring, and adaptive +ry management on key issues Increase awareness and support for salmon recovery 1 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Little Bear Creek Knotweed Control and Description P o other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Reforestation Control knotweed and other priority invasive plant Being led by Mountains to Sound species throughout the Little Bear Creek basin and restore riparian vegetation. Greenway Trust in Woodinville and multiple partners in Snohomish I Project 1 Number LBC-I-BB County. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Riparian veseramn Yes Basinwide Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and 134th Avenue Fish Passage Improvement Description P other Considerations Pp cable Strategies Applicable At 134th Avenue NE, replace three cement pipes Adopt A Stream began initial that are broken and pose a partial low flow blockage. project development in partnership with Woodinville, but funding ;a Project LBC-R2-I-INS couldn't be secured for an access Number bridge to replace the culverts. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location aas:aec Barriers ------------- Yes Woodinville Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total MA Opportunities, Constraints, and Add Large Wood to Downstream End of Description P other Considerations Applicable Strategies Reach 2 Add large wood to channel to enhance instream conditions in lower portion of Reach 2. Project Number LOC.R2.2-INS ..� Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Channel Complexity No Woodinville Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Restore Public Land in Reach 2 Descri tion P o other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Parcel No. 9517100250 just east of 134th Avenue NE (owned by the City) and Parcel No. 9517100220 just west of 134th Avenue NE (owned by WSDOT). I Project Number LBC-R2-3-RR Restore riparian area and assess other restoration opportunities. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location a,wn.,n vesecec�on No Woodinville Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Replace degraded vortex weir at NE 195th Street, which is a low flow barrier. Project LBC-R3-I-INS Number Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location va::age eemes No Woodinville Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Industrial Park Protect riparian wetland adjacent to industrial park, east of 58th, through conservation easement or acquisition. Project Number LBC-R4-1-BB Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location a�ozr;an gelation No Snohomish County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Description Applicable Strategies Snohomish County project to work with Alpine Rockeries to restore riparian vegetation, add large wood, and potentially reconfigure stream channel I Project Number LBC-RS-I-INS on 800 ft. of stream. +�. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Channel Riparian Complexity Vegetation No Snohomish County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Description Applicable Strategies Restoration V At upstream end of Reach 5, buyout frequently flooded home, add large wood and restore riparian vegetation. Parcel is located just inside the King County boundary, downstream of the Howell Creek confluence. Project Number LBC-RS-2-LB y Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Channel Riparian Complexity vegetation No Woodinville Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Flood lain Restoration Adjacent to SR 9 P 1 Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Acquire conservation easements on property Some recent work completed here where Little Bear Creek is close to State Route 9 and restore floodplain and remeander creek.-� by WSDOT on a parcel they own. - Project Number LBC-R7-1-RB _ Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location noadplain No Snohomish County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Remove Fish Passage Barrier Low in Description p o other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Cutthroat Creek - Improve fish passage at a privately owned barrier in lower Cutthroat Creek. May benefit juvenile Chinook (although presence not documented(. Project Number LBC-117-2-INS Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location ea:.ase eau er. No Snohomish County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total IT r/ MA 00 Opportunities, Constraints, and Protect Undeveloped Forested Parcels in Description P other Considerations o A Applicable Strategies Reach 7 _ Protect undeveloped, forested parcels in Reach 7, west of Little Bear Creek (from 229th to Cutthroat Creek confluence). Area includes a large wetland Project Number LBC-R7-3-LB complex and groundwater sources. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Pore:rco�er Na Snohomish County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Culvert Replacement at SR 524 Description P other Considerations A PPlicable Strategies Replace failing culvert of creosote logs under SR 524. _ ;a Project Number LBC-R9-I-INS Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Waternuana Passage Barriers No Snohomish County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA B) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Ono L IH X (n N n N n n e CD n r Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 ®APPENDIX F Lit¢e Bear Geel: Opportunities, Constraints, and Forest Cover Protection along Maltby Road Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Maltby Road property, five parcels totaling 35 32 of 35 acres acquired. acres of mature second -growth upland forest, without critical areas protection. Project Number LBC-R9-2-BB{ 1 Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location roresu Cove, No Snohomish County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Protect large, undeveloped forested wetland on 10 acres acquired both Little Bear and Great Dane Creeks. Approximately 100 acres including 10 parcels. Project Number LBC-R30-1-BB 1 Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Fore:r<o�e� Yes Snohomish County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total 1 ri xE MA Opportunities, Constraints, and Improve Fish Passage at Slst Avenue SE Description p other Considerations Applicable Strategies Improve fish passage at two partial fish passage barriers. Project Number LgC-R10-2-INS Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location as:sass Barriers No Snohomish County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Protect Riparian Wetlands in Reach 10 Description P other Considerations Applicable Strategies Protect undeveloped, forested wetlands )second 49 acres acquired. Use Snohomish growth forest) In reach covering approximately 110 acres and 10 parcels owned by two County wetland inventory to identify remaining priorities for tt,1 Project Number LBC-1130-3-60 landowners. Enhance with large wood. protection. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location roren �OVer Yes Snohomish County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 s Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Fish Passage Improvement at 180th Street SE Description P other Considerations Applicable Strategies PP Sgies Enhance fish passage at 180th Street SE Project is on Snohomish County's near -term radar. Project Number LBC-R111-INS Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location v.�55d€e same s No Snohomish County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Little Bear Creek Headwaters Forest Cover Description P other Considerations Applicable PP cable Strategies Protection Protectforested, headwater wetlands from corner 13 acres acquired of 53st and 180th upstream approximately 2 miles along Little Bear Creek through conservation Project LBC-R12.1-BB easements and acquisition. Includes three wetland Number complexes totaling over 200 acres: 4 parcels along 180th St. on mainstem; 7 parcels along Trout Creek A ,F Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location from 180th to Interurban Blvd.; and 5 parcels north of 164th Street to 156th Street. F° ,tC , Yes Snohomish County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total WRIA 8 Salmon Habitat Project List Evans Creek APPLICABLE STRATEGIES LEGEND: Protect and restore floodplain connectivity Protect and restore functional riparian vegetation Protect and restore channel complexity Restore shallow water rearing and refuge habitat —� Reconnect and enhance creek mouths Protect and restore cold water sources and reduce thermal barriers to migration Improve juvenile and adult survival at the Ballard Locks Reduce predation on juvenile migrants and lake - rearing fry Remove (or reduce impacts of) overwater structures Remove fish go passage barriers Protect and restore forest cover and headwater areas Provide adequate stream flow Monday, October 02, 2017 Protect and restore 19 marine water and sediment quality, especially near commercial and industrial areas 0 Improve water quality Integrate salmon Restore sediment ;>> g? recovery priorities into processes necessary ''V_ local and regional for key life stages planning, regulations, and permitting (SMP, CAO, NPDES, etc.) Restore natural Continue existing and marine shoreline conduct new research, monitoring, and adaptive �^ management on key issues Reconnect Increase awareness backshore areas and and support for pocket estuaries salmon recovery Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 sl ALWJ Gz ri A rn Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Riparian Restoration and Invasive Species Description o other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Control — Evans Creek Control invasive knotweed and other priority Invasive species on a coordinated basis to improve riparian habitat, on public and private properties. �{ Project i Number EC-1-BB After initial control is achieved, regularly monitor, 1 detect, and rapidly respond to any new infestations. Implement planting with native Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location species in treated areas. Rip.,Wa V,.nrion Yes Basinwide Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Evans Creek Relocation Description p other Considerations A Applicable Strategies �., Z ;- y� Relocate a portion of Evans Creek to from an industrial area into open space to reconnect the channel with floodplain wetlands, enhance Project EC-R2-I-INS channel complexity, and restore riparian buffer Number function. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Fmoapiam asp ,, <o�nem��n v�se�aeon Yes Redmond Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total M rJ lJ Restoration of Johnson Park P Opportunities, Constraints, andothertion other Considerations Applicable Strategies Control invasive, non-native vegetation within park and enhance existing riparian vegetation and channel complexity. Project Number EC-R3-1-BB �y Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Riparian chappei Vegetation Complexity No Redmond Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Restoration Feasibility Between Johnson Description P other Considerations Applicable Strategies Park and Evans Creek Natural Area `"± r Area of creek has lots of fill and poor instream and riparian conditions. Is also a potential development site. Explore feasibility of improving Project Number EC-R3-2-BB habitat in this area. y Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location cha-'ml Ri"a on Complexity Vegetation No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Pilot Project to Address Sedimentation, Reed Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Canary Grass and High Temperatures Conduct pilot project to address high sedimentation in Evans Creek, invasive reed canary grass that blocks fish passage, and to restore Y� Project j Number EC-R4-I-INS riparian vegetation in order to reduce high temperatures in the creek. Evans Creek warms in summer and is a warm water source to Bear Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? Creek —planting needed. if successful, expand project to other reaches of Evans Creek. a'oar'an vegeracon No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Evans Creek Riparian Restoration at Description p other Considerations Applicable Strategies Sportsman Park Sportsman Park is infested with reed canarygrass. Evans Creek flows through Sportsman Park wetlands for about half a mile. Evaluate feasibility S� Project Number EC-R4-2-BB of restoring off -channel habitat and establishing native wetland and riparian vegetation within the 126-acre wetland complex between NE Redmond - Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? Fall City Road and the Evans Creek Natural Area. s�pa,�an Vegetaflon Yes King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, andDescri Protect Wetlands on Private Property Description P other Considerations Applicable Strategies Area is a wet meadow that has in the past been grazed and mowed. Work with the landowners to protect existing wetlands and enhance where v� Y Project Number EC-R6-3-RR Possible. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location e,.nacan legetatlon No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Evans Creek Reach 5 Restoration Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Creek is constrained by Redmond -Fall City Road and agricultural use in Reach 5. Move Evans Creek away from Redmond -Fall City Road, reduce �} Project Number EC-115-I-INS channelization, increase channel complexity, and i increase the riparian buffer. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Cnaonei R;panan mmolexry veeetar:on No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 �J Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed jWRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Evans Creek Headwaters Protection Description P other Considerations Applicable PP cable Strategies Protect and maintain 700 acre wetland complex that drains to Evans Creek, Bear Creek, and the Snoqualmie River. The wetland has been set aside {{{{���y�,,,,t Project Number EC-R6-1-BB as open space as part of the Redmond Ridge I development. This wetland needs long-term stewardship to prevent encroachment, '}yN� 'H' - Four -Year Project Location 1 Work Plan? incompatible uses of the site, and invasive vegetation. Forut Cover ai,ri.n veget.tion No King County Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total ri W +} WRIA 8 Salmon Habitat Project List Kelsey Creek APPLICABLE STRATEGIES LEGEND: Protect and Protect and restore restore cold water floodplain sources and reduce connectivity thermal barriers to migration Protect and Improve juvenile restore functional and adult survival riparian at the Ballard Locks vegetation Protect and Reduce predation restore channel on juvenile complexity migrants and lake - rearing fry Restore shallow Remove (or water rearing reduce impacts of) and refuge , overwater habitat structures Reconnect and Remove fish enhance creek passage barriers mouths Protect and restore forest cover and headwater areas Provide adequate stream flow Restore sediment processes necessary for key life stages Restore natural marine shoreline Monday, October 02, 2017 Protect and restore marine water and sediment quality, especially near commercial and industrial areas Improve water quality Integrate salmon recovery priorities into local and regional planning, regulations, and permitting (SMP, CAO, NPDES, etc.) Continue existing and conduct new research, monitoring, and adaptive management on key issues Reconnect Increase awareness backshore areas and and support for pocket estuaries 9 salmon recovery Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Enhance Mercer is Slough Cool Water Refu 6 g Description other Considerations Applicable Strategies Restore mouth of seeps and springs at Mercer Two spring fed streams are known Slough to provide cool refugia areas. on East side of Mercer Slough, about mid -way to fish ladder. IP Project Number KC-Rl-I-INS Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location m..mai Sere,, No Bellevue Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Wetland Reconnection Near SE 8th Descri tion p other Considerations Applicable Strategies Investigate opportunities to connect wetlands on north side of SE 8th near fire station with Kelsey creek for off -channel habitat. Project Number KC-R1-2-RB Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Complexity No Bellevue Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, andDescri Woodridge Hill Cold water Refugia Description p other Considerations Applicable Strategies Improve connections with cold water seeps/springs off Woodridge Hill for rerugia in Kelsey[reek. IP Project Number KC-R1-3-LB Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Thermal stress No Bellevue Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Lower Kelsey Instream and Riparian Description P other Considerations Applicable Strategies Restoration - ----- improvechannelconditions, install large wood in the floodplain, and revegetate the riparian corridor. Cannot install wood in channel at this location due to sedimentation issues. On Bellevue's CIP and will Project Number KC-111-4-813 start design in probably 2018 or 2019. �< . ti Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Chat— ,....: No Bellevue Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and SE 7th Wetland Buffer Protection Description P other Considerations A Applicable -cable Strategies Acquire parcels just south of SE 7th along wetland Implement in large disturbed areas buffer to protect Kelsey and West Tributary. and work with Bellefields Office Park to create and increase buffers. Project Number KC-R2-1-RB I nclude large trees where not safety hazard to buildings or other structures. Four -Year protect Location f Work Plan? Rma"an Vegetation No Bellevue Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Reach 2 Stream Channel Improvements Description P other Considerations Applicable PP cable Strategies Restore stream channel through Kelsey Creek Bellevue Parks and Utilities are segments 76-03 through 76-05 (Kelsey Creek Farm) and remove invasive weeds. actively working on this project. ` � Project Number KC-112-2-INS y Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location No Bellevue Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total ro ro M Z V ItC�II �✓V �J Opportunities, Constraints, andDescri Reach 2 Berm Removal and Floodplain Description P other Considerations Applicable Strategies Restoration - Explore opportunities to set back or remove berm Feasibility of implementing this at Kelsey Creek Farm and expand buffer and channel migration zone. project is very low presently. The farm has a highly -supported ., :�' Project Number KC-R2-3-RB program of using horses with disabled youth. Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Flo. iplx�n No Bellevue Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Fish Passage at NE Sth tion Descri P other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Replace NE Sth St. culvert with bridge. Construction to occur in 2018. Project Number KC-R3-14NS Four -Near Work Plan? Project Location - Ba No Bellevue Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Restoration Upstream of NE Sth tlon Descri p other Considerations A Applicable icable Strategies Restore stream channel and use wildlife pond for off -channel habitat upstream of NE 8th. Project Number KC-R3-2-INS �rrr Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location comai^.ity No Bellevue Estimated Project Costs r��r estoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Fish Passage at Olympic Pipeline Descri tlon p other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Improve fish passage at Olympic Pipeline weirs. Project Number KC-114-I-INS Four-year Work Plan? Project Location aa.:aee No Bellevue Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total n Opportunities, Constraints, andDescri Bel -Red Channel Improvements Description p other Considerations Applicable Strategies Re-establish more natural channel through Bel -Red area, use weirs for grade control at sheet pile wall until stream can be restored. Project Number KC-R4-2-INS Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Channel mmnie.�n No Bellevue Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Reach 5 Channel Enhancements and Description p other Considerations Applicable Strategies Floodplain Reconnection Enlarge channel cross-section, reconnect Located at river mile 2.2-3.5 floodplain, and install large wood through. apartment complex. - - Project Number KC-RS-I-INS Four -Year Work plan? Project Location rloodplem Channel Connectivity Complexity No Bellevue Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan ( 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Reach 5 Riparian Forest Cover Protection Description P other Considerations Applicable PP cable Strategies Protect existing coniferous riparian habitat along Located at river mile 3.5-4.0 Kelsey Creek upstream of Valley Creek confluence to 148th Ave NE through acquisition or easement. Project 1 Number KC-R5-2-BB Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location veee�aiin� No Bellevue Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Wetland Protection along 148th Avenue NE Descri bon P other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Protect wetlands along 148th Avenue NE (upstream and downstream of NE 8th St) using acquisition or easement. Project Number KC-RS-3-BB Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location R;p„.a„ vea�t�no� No Bellevue Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Restoration Upstream of Main Street Description P Opportunities, Constraints, andDescri other Considerations Applicable Strategies Remove culvert and restore stream channel upstream of Main St. Project Number KC-R6-I-INS .� Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location cn.,�oei comp:e��ty No Bellevue Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Kelsey Headwaters Wetland Protection Description P other Considerations Applicable Strategies Maintain headwater wetlands to protect summer base flows and aquatic ecosystem health. Project Number KC-R6-2-BBt� r *SlN7 Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location Forest Cover No Bellevue Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 iY Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Opportunities, Constraints, and Valley Creek Daylighting tlon Descri p other Considerations Applicable Strategies Daylight Valley Creek through Bellevue Golf Coarse. Project Number KG -I -INS Four -Near Work Plan? Project Location cna,n�i C-1." _, No Bellevue Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total Opportunities, Constraints, and Fish Passage at NE 1st Street - West Tributary Descri tion p other Considerations A Applicable Strategies Construct new fish passable culvert at NE 1st Design anticipated to begin in near - Street on West Tributary. term Project Number KC-2-INS Four -Year Work Plan? Project Location as::age sa„or: No Bellevue Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration. Total Zq WRIA 8 Salmon Habitat Project List Tier 3 Areas APPLICABLE STRATEGIES LEGEND: Protect and ^,l _ restore floodplain connectivity Protect and restore functional riparian vegetation Protect and restore channel complexity Restore shallow water rearing and refuge habitat Protect and restore cold water sources and reduce thermal barriers to migration Improve juvenile and adult survival at the Ballard Locks Reduce predation on juvenile migrants and lake - rearing fry Remove (or reduce impacts of) 1 overwater structures Protect and restore forest cover and headwater areas Provide adequate stream flow Restore sediment processes necessary for key life stages Restore natural marine shoreline Wednesday, August 30, 2017 ro MV rz Z d Iy Protect and restore marine water and sediment quality, especially near I commercial and n industrial areas n Improve water � quality O Integrate salmon n recovery priorities into r— "" local and regional planning, regulations, and permitting (SNIP, CAO, NPDES, etc.) Continue existing and conduct new research, monitoring, and adaptive management on key issues Reconnect and Remove fish Reconnect Increase awareness enhance creek passage barriers backshore areas and and support for mouths pocket estuaries salmon recovery Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 p J 21 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 ®APPENDIX F T�e, 3 Swamp Creek Stream Wetland Description p Opportunities, Constraints, and Applicable Strategies and other Considerations Restoration - - - Conduct a detailed characterization and feasibility Opportunities constrained by study of options to restore habitat in the Swamp Creek Wetland Complex, with the goal being to modified hydrology upstream. Need to address the hydrology Project Number TM improve natural processes in Swamp Creek and its before this becomes a more viable - associated wetlands, floodplains, and riparian areas. project. Four -Year Project Location Work Plan? Riparian noodplam vegetation connectivity Yes Kenmore Estimated Project Costs Acquisition Restoration Total OMNI 1Z C LL APPENDIX G Proposing Projects and Programmatic Actions for Implementation - o WRIA 8 Four -Year Work Plan ry As required by the Puget Sound Partnership, as the regional salmon recovery organization, WRIA u, 8 maintains a "Four -Year Work Plan" that identifies the highest priority, most ready -to -go projects, and the most important monitoring and outreach and education actions for implementation in the a watershed (note: the Four -Year Work Plan is an iterative planning tool and not included in the 2017 Qo Plan; the most current Four -Year Work Plan is available on the WRIA 8 website at http://www.goviink. w org/watersheds/8/planning/default.aspx). The Four -Year Work Plan is essentially a subset of the larger }o WRIA 8 project list and recommended land use and education and outreach actions, and is intended to provide the near -term roadmap for recovery. Representation on the Four -Year Work Plan is also a prerequisite for WRIA 8 grant funding consideration. Each year, WRIA 8 issues an open call for sponsors interested in elevating projects to the Four -Year Work Plan. A sponsor can directly pull an existing acquisition or restoration project from the WRIA 8 project list to advance for implementation, and in such cases, they can propose that the project be considered by the WRIA 8 TC for inclusion on the Four -Year Work Plan. In addition to projects, the WRIA 8 TC also considers and recommends which monitoring priorities to include on the Four -Year Work Plan, and the IC considers and recommends which land use -related actions and education and outreach actions to include. Committee recommendations are reviewed and approved by the WRIA 8 Salmon Recovery Council. The annual open call also offers an opportunity for sponsors to propose new projects that are not directly referenced in the WRIA 8 Plan (i.e., proposing a project that is not specifically identified in the Plan but meets the Plan's objectives for salmon recovery). Following the 2017 Plan, the intent is that sponsors proposing new projects will connect their proposal to the relevant recovery strategy outlined in this update. In so doing, the sponsor will demonstrate the connection of the proposed activity to priority WRIA 8 recovery objectives and illustrate the fundamental merit of the project as one with salmon recovery as a primary objective. Specific technical details would be assessed at a later time, but at a minimum, new project proposals put forward to WRIA 8 must establish a connection to one or more of the updated recovery strategies to be included in the 2017 Plan and Four -Year Work Plan. To summarize, project sponsors have an annual opportunity to submit projects and programs to the WRIA 8 Four -Year Work Plan, which may involve: Proposing a project or activity from the current WRIA 8 habitat protection and restoration project list or from the current land use or education and outreach activity lists. Proposing a new project or activity that is not identified in the WRIA 8 Plan but is consistent with one or more of the WRIA 8 Chinook recovery strategies. The sponsor must be able to demonstrate a clear link to the strategies in order for the project to be elevated to the Four -Year Work Plan. Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 WRIA 8 Land Use Actions APPLICABLE STRATEGIES LEGEND: Protect and Protect and Protect and restore a restore restore cold water forest cover and floodplain sources and reduce headwater areas connectivity thermal barriers to 1 IP migration t Protect and restore functional riparian vegetation Protect and restore channel complexity •�yti Restore shallow water rearing and refuge habitat —� Reconnect and enhance creek mouths Improve juvenile and adult survival at the Ballard Locks Reduce predation on juvenile migrants and lake - rearing fry Remove (or reduce impacts of) overwater structures Remove fish passage barriers Provide adequate stream flow Restore sediment processes necessary for key life stages Restore natural marine shoreline Reconnect backshore areas and pocket estuaries Thursday, October 5, 2017 Protect and restore marine water and sediment quality, especially near commercial and industrial areas 0 Improve water quality Integrate salmon +;t recovery priorities into local and regional planning, regulations, and permitting (SNIP, CAO, NPDES, etc.) Continue existing and conduct new research, monitoring, and adaptive management on key issues Increase awareness and support for salmon recovery IH x r d 7 CL C M rD D n_ O r1 O 3 3 rD n Ci O O 7 Action Number LU-CA0-1 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category CAO Description Primary Geographies Strictly apply, and improve compliance with, critical areas ordinance (CAO) protections for aquatic buffers, Watershe -wide wetlands and forest cover. Limit or eliminate. variances. Applicable Strategies @9 i 1; Planning &Regs Riparian Vegetation Forest Corer Action Number LU-CAO-2 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category CAO Description Primary Geographies Use incentives and flexible development tools to encourage private landowners to retain and protect Watershed wide wetlands, riparian buffers, and forest cover (e.g., purchase of development rights programs, King County Public Benefit Rating System, and jurisdictional transfer of development rights programs). Provide expertise/technical assistance to property owners (e.g., templates for riparian planting plan, assistance with designing habitat restoration, identifying potential grant funding for implementation, etc.) and expedite permit process at local, state and federal levels (e.g., allow more restoration activities as shoreline exemptions to make permitting Applicable Strategies faster and less costly). Planning & Regs Rl,nnan Vegetation Porest Coe' Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 0 3 MA Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA S) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE ( 2017 Action Number Lu-CAO-3 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category CAD Description Primary Geographies Increase protection of riparian buffer function by limiting allowable uses that impact habitat functions that Watershed wide support salmon. Applicable Strategies Riparian Vegetation Action Number LU-CAO-4 Four -Year Work Plan? yes Land Use Category CAD Description Primary Geographies For development proposals on steep slopes and other environmentally critical areas, CAD regulations should Watershed wide require assessment and recommendations from a qualified geotechnical professional, to protect important sediment sources and vegetative cover and appropriately mitigate any impacts. Applicable Strategies Sediment Processes Forest Cover 2 O Action Number LU-CAO-S Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category CAO Description Primary Geographies Ensure appropriate mitigation is being required to offset impacts from development. Support on -site Watershed wide mitigation when it is ecologically feasible and likely to succeed long-term. if mitigation on or adjacent to the development site is impractical or will not result in meaningful ecological benefit, consider off -site mitigation options, such as a mitigation bank or in -lieu fee mitigation (e.g., King County's Mitigation Reserves Program), Applicable Strategies which would perform mitigation in areas prioritized for restoring ecological function. iiR., Riparian Vegetation Action Number LU-[Ao-6 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category CAD Description Primary Geographies Promote and support removal of invasive species and planting native vegetation. Reduce pesticide and Watershed wide herbicide use through regulations, best management practices, incentives, and education. Tier 1 Streams Applicable Strategies Riparian Vegetation Water Mality Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 i 4 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Action Number LU-FM-1 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category floodplain Management Description Primary Geographies Limit new development in floodplain; develop and apply standards which minimize impacts to salmon. Watershed wide Applicable Strategies Floodplain Planning&Pegs connectlufry Action Number LU-FM-2 Four -Near Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category Floodplain Management Description Primary Geographies Minimize the number and width of new roads, and design roads to maintain floodplain connectivity in Watershed wide transportation planning and implementation. Applicable Strategies C2 @ Floodplain Planning&Pegs ConneRivity A7!L Ono OWJ Action Number w-FM3 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category floodplain Management Description Primary Geographies Develop and promote incentives for private property owners to remove bank hardening or make bank All rivers and streams hardening more salmon/habitat friendly. Applicable Strategies Floodplain Conn a ttv Action Number LU-FM-4 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category floodplain Management Description Primary Geographies Support regional partners and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in their efforts to implement a regional variance to Cedar River federal vegetation management guidelines in order to allow local jurisdictions to improve riparian habitat on levees enrolled in the Corps' PL84-99 program. Sammamish River Applicable Strategies Riparian Vegetation Thermal Stress Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 �zy V 1F�I V`+ x Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Action Number LU-FM-S Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category Floodplain Management Description Primary Geographies Encourage adding and retaining large wood in all Tier 1 and Tier 2 streams. In the Cedar River, specifically, King Tier 1 Streams County, City of Renton, City of Seattle, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Washington Department of Natural Resources, Muckleshoot Indian Tribe, and other stakeholders should review and update large wood Tier 2 Streams management policies and practices to seek to balance the need to increase wood in the river to restore salmon habitat with recreation and public safety considerations. Applicable Strategies channel Compleviry Action Number LU-FM-6 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category Floodplain Management Description Primary Geographies City of Seattle, Cedar River Instream Flow Commission, and other stakeholders should coordinate on policies, Cedar River procedures and research related to effects of flow on potential habitat protection efforts and restoration projects such as restoring side channels and other floodplain reconnection. Applicable Strategies Streamflow Floodplain gipanan Vegetation Connectivity �J ICI x r v O Q on N D n_ o' n rD n O 3 3 fD D Q m O N Action Number LU-FM-7 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category Floodplain Management Description Primary Geographies Work with Army Corps of Engineers to revise maintenance practices for, and enable modifications to, the 1964 Sammamish River Sammamish River Channel Improvement Project to Improve and restore salmon habitat functions. Applicable Strategies Ripanan Vegetation Th.,m.IS reu Floodplain conna<timty Action Number LU-FM-8 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category Floodplain Management Description Primary Geographies Work with City of Seattle to implement the Cedar River Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP) and the City of Kent to Cedar River Implement the Rock Creek HCP to support salmon habitat benefits. Applicable Strategies Floodplain Floodplain Connectivity Connectivity Streamfl w Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 II LWA Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Action Number LU-GMA-1 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category GMA Description Primary Geographies Promote incentives to protect and restore priority habitat areas beyond what is protected through regulations. Watershed wide In rural areas, incentives include conservation easements, current use taxation (e.g., Public Benefit Rating System - PBRS, and Timberland Program), King County's TDR program, Native Growth Protection Area programs, voluntary farm plans, and technical assistance (e.g., King Counts program for small forest Applicable Strategies landowners). in urban areas, encourage tree retention, landscaping guidelines, street tree programs and restoring forest in urban areas. Floodplaln Connectivity Riparian Vegetation genii Cover Action Number LU-GMA-2 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category GMA Description Primary Geographies Habitat protection programs should include a stewardship element and adequate funding to ensure long-term Watershed wide management and maintenance of these areas, including ensuring allowed human use does not threaten habitat benefits. If areas are managed privately, standards for review and enforcement must be established. For privately managed areas, consider identifying and providing incentives in addition to education about Applicable Strategies importance of maintenance to the value of properties. Dg Canneativity Ripanan Vegetation tItH� f� x r- y C C2 C to rD D c� 0 A rD in O 3 3 fD D Cl O to Action Number LU-GMA-3 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category GMA Description Primary Geographies Jurisdictions should encourage or require that redevelopment proposals come into conformity (address Watershed wide nonconforming structures through incentives), depending on the degree of redevelopment. A sliding scale could be applied (e.g., based on redevelopment thresholds), where the greater the degree of redevelopment, the greater the expectation that the development come into compliance with applicable codes. Applicable Strategies @i a I Planning &Pegs Flcodplain Connectivity Riparian Vegetation Action Number LU-GMA-4 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category GMA Description Primary Geographies Keep current Urban Growth Area (UGA) boundaries and continue to absorb the majority of growth inside the Watershed wide UGA, while protecting and restoring forest and riparian areas, retaining and encouraging tree cover, and promoting low impact development, to maintain and improve water quality and flows in urban areas. Applicable Strategies W 1; a Planning & Rest Forest Cover Water gvallty Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 i TL r� Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Action Number LU-GMA-S Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category GMA Description Primary Geographies Enforce existing GMA regulations, and improve compliance through education about why regulations exist, Watershed wide improved coordination between permitting and technical staff, increased funding for enforcement, and monitoring regulatory effectiveness to make necessary adjustments. Applicable Strategies Planning&R., Rouarch& Monitonng Action Number LU-GMA-6 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category GMA Description Primary Geographies Encourage cluster developments in areas where important habitat can be protected or linked, in order to Watershed wide preserve contiguous habitat and provide important ecological services. Map critical habitat areas to help jurisdictions understand which areas need protection. Applicable Strategies PlarrirC&R., Fo,e:t Cover Riva,ian v¢g¢tx:ion Action Number w-GMA -7 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category GMA Description Primary Geographies Encourage flexible development tools, such as transferable development rights, environmental mitigation Watershed wide banking/reserve programs, and in -lieu fee mitigation to shift development to areas which are less environmentally sensitive and/or to mitigate impacts by restoring areas with highest ecological functions. Coordinate with mitigation bank and mitigation reserve programs to ensure their work Applicable Strategies _ considers/complements salmon habitat benefits. 099 Rn Cornea ity Action Number LU-GMA-g Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category GMA Description Primary Geographies Encourage use of green building standards, certifications, and rating systems aimed at mitigating the impact of Watershed wide buildings on the natural environment (e.g., Salmon Safe, LEED, Built Green, Living Building Challenge, Energy Star, etc.) to incentivize developers and property -owners to include salmon -friendly elements and systems into building designs (e.g., energy efficiency, water conservation, low impact development, sustainable landscaping, etc.). Applicable Strategies 1; water Quality Education&Outreach Marine Water quality Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan ( 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Action Number LU-GMA-9 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category GMA Description Primary Geographies Regularly assess and evaluate effectiveness of land use and environmental regulations. Watershed wide Applicable Strategies ii in Planning&Regs Research& Monitodng Action Number LU-GW-1 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category Groundwater Description Primary Geographies Improve information about, and enforcement of, surface and groundwater withdrawals, TMDL implementation, and water conservation measures. Watershed wide Applicable Strategies Thermal Stress Streamflow WaterQwliN Action Number LU-GW-2 Four -Year Work Plan? Ye: Land Use Category Groundwater Description Primary Geographies Encourage new development to use public water and sewer systems rather than wells and on -site septic Watershed wide systems. Applicable Strategies Streamflaw Water Quality Action Number LU-GW-3 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category Groundwater Description Primary Geographies Reduce the capture and diversion of ground and surface water into storm and wastewater pipe systems to Watershed wide allow for improved infiltration. Inspect and repair broken storm system pipes that infiltrate to groundwater in aquifer protection areas. Applicable Strategies sireamaow Water aualtty Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 r/ Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Action Number LU-Gw-a Four -Year Work PIan7 Yes Land Use Category Groundwater Description Primary Geographies Identify and protect critical aquifer recharge areas (CARA) to keep water cold for salmon. Watershed wide Applicable Strategies 5cnamPaw Thermal Stress Action Number LU-GW-S Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category Groundwater Description Primary Geographies Work with the Washington State Department of Ecology and Department of Health to identify unauthorized groundwater withdrawals and support efforts to educate the public about how these may impact salmon habitat. Watershed wide Applicable Strategies a IF streamfl. Thermal 5tess 24 MA ItH��l Iry x r m Q Q C rD n n_ 0 70 /Q n 0 3 3 M Q ai O Action Number w-Gw-6 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category Groundwater Description Primary Geographies Work with the Washington State Department of Ecology and Department of Health to identify water right Watershed wide permit exempt wells, and support efforts to educate the public about how these may impact salmon habitat. Applicable Strategies 9 IV sera fl— Th-mal stress Action Number LU-GW-7 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category Groundwater Description Primary Geographies Promote wise use of surface and ground water through implementation of water use efficiency programs and Watershed wide water system leakage reduction efforts. Applicable Strategies soeamno, ThxrmaI Scmss Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 r �i /I! iIIIIIIIIN LIVJ tHt��I x J_ Q N D 0 n n 0 O Q SL O D CA Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Action Number LU-NPDES-1 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category NPDES Description Primary Geographies Washington State Department of Ecology should develop, issue, and enforce NPDES permits (municipal, construction, industrial, boatyard, and sand and gravel). watershed wide Applicable Strategies Water quality Planning&Regs Action Number LU-NPDES-2 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category NPDES Description Primary Geographies Jurisdictions should implement NPDES Municipal Phase 1 and Phase 2 Permit requirements including development and enforcement of stormwater regulations. Watershed wide Applicable Strategies 0 &Y W.W Quality Planning&Regs i ro ,It M �zy V 1Fr���t1 t� x CL Q rn D 1 Action Number LU-NPDES-3 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category NPDES Description Primary Geographies As part of the NPDES Municipal Permit, jurisdictions should map and document stormwater system, including treatment and flow control facilities, conveyance systems, outfalls, and connections with other stormwater systems. Watershed wide Applicable Strategies Y`/atPl4ual�ly Pi3n Ing&Rx, Action Number LU-NPDES-4 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category NPDES Description Primary Geographies As part of the NPDES Municipal Permit, jurisdictions should control runoff from new development, redevelopment, and construction sites. Watershed wide Applicable Strategies wooer 4uaiity P!amm�e&aefs Lake Washington/Cedar/Sommamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 1 r— m a C 0 O D (1 0 A rD n 0 r7 O Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Action Number LU-NPDES-5 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category NPDES Description Primary Geographies As part of the NPDES Municipal Permit, jurisdictions should implement applicable structural stormwater control requirements. Watershed wide Applicable Strategies Water Quality Planning&lk,s Action Number LU-NPDES-6 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category NPDES Description Primary Geographies As part of the NPDES Municipal Permit, jurisdictions should implement applicable requirements for source control of polluted stormwater that discharges directly into and from Municipal Separated Storm Sewer System. Reduce pesticide and herbicide use through stormwater regulations, best management practices, education, and incentives. Consider opportunities for multiple benefits through implementing riparian habitat buffer to address direct stormwater discharges. Watershed wide Applicable Strategies Water Quality Riparian Vegetation @1 Planning&0.egs // S ■i Action Number LU-NPDES-7 Four -Year Work Plan? vas Land Use Category ; NPDES Description Primary Geographies As part of the NPDES Municipal Permit, jurisdictions should identify and eliminate non-stormwater discharges and illicit connections to the stormwater system. Watemhedwide Applicable Strategies 0 @ Watero"Iny Planning &Rags Action Number LU-NPDES-a Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Description Land Use Category NPDES Primary Geographies As part of the NPDES Municipal Permit, jurisdictions should conduct operations and maintenance of stormwater facilities to reduce polluted runoff. Watershed wide Applicable Strategies Water Quality Planning & Regs Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Action Number LU-NPDES.9 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category NPDES Description Primary Geographies As part of the NPDES Municipal Permit, jurisdictions should promote and implement education and outreach Watershed wide about the effects of stormwater and ways to reduce impacts. Provide technical assistance and incentives to encourage property owners to remove impervious surface, protect and restore riparian buffers, and make other stormwater management improvements. Reduce pesticide and herbicide use through stormwater Applicable Strategies regulations, best management practices, education, and incentives. Water Quality Planning &Regz Action Number LU-NPDES-SO Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category NPDES Description Primary Geographies As part of the NPDES Municipal Permit, jurisdictions should conduct regional scale stormwater monitoring of Watershed wide the effectiveness of permit requirements. Applicable Strategies C3 @9 11 Water Qualtyy Planning &Regz ReseartM1& Monitoring Ih x y Q Q- C rn rD D n 0 70 rD n 0 3 H3 rD 7 O_ O Action Number LU-NPDES-11 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category NPDES Description Primary Geographies Jurisdictions should coordinate with Washington State Department of Ecology to address specific water quality Al rivers and streams issues for streams on the Washington Water Quality Assessment list under Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act, by either the "straight to implementation" approach or by implementing actions called for in total maximum daily loads (TMOLs) listings, focusing especially on streams with TMOLs for temperature and Applicable Strategies dissolved oxygen (e.g., Bear Creek and the Sammamish River), which are of greatest concern for Chinook salmon. v_ Water Quality Th--[Suess planning&Pegs Action Number LU.NPDES-12 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category NPDES Description Primary Geographies Jurisdictions should enforce stormwater regulations through progressive enforcement procedures (i.e., first Watershed wide work with landowners to educate them and offer BMPs, before actual enforcement action for flagrant violation). Jurisdiction should share education tools and BMPs. Applicable Strategies Water Quality Planning&Reg, Lake Washington/CedarlSammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 I— s, C to rD D 0 �7 O n 0 3 rD D C2 O 7 to Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Action Number LU-RDS-1 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category Roads Description Primary Geographies When planning for new roads, or widening or retrofitting existing roads, assess and recommend ways to Watershed wide minimize impacts to water quality, instream flows, and sensitive areas through use of low impact development BMPs for narrower roads, enhanced maintenance of roadside ditches, more pervious surface, reduced parking areas and maximum infiltration of stormwater. Applicable Strategies a @ 8 Water Quality Planning&Regz Streamflow Action Number LU-RDS-2 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category Roads Description Primary Geographies Adopt and implement Regional Road Maintenance Endangered Species Act )ESA) Program Guidelines for Watershed wide maintaining existing roads and drainage systems. Applicable Strategies @9 (3 Planning &Begs Water Quallry 6Z 1 AL /l ell A Action Number LU-RDSi Four -Near Work Plan? ves Land Use Category Roads Description Primary Geographies Road widening should incorporate fish friendly culverts and drainage away from direct discharge of road runoff Watershed Wide (refer to available guidance, including Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Water Crossing Design Guidelines, Incorporating Climate Change into the Design of Water Crossing Structures, etc.) Applicable Strategies c�4sy, go 0 Plannniingg&&`Begs Passage Barriers Wafer 4ualio/ Action Number LU-RDS-O Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category Roads Description Primary Geographies Develop, adopt, and implement BMPs for herbicides and pesticides along roads and power lines. Use Watershed wide integrated pest management where possible. Applicable Strategies Planning & Pegs Water Quality Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Action Number LU-SMP-1 Four -Year Work Plan? yes Land Use Category SMP Description Primary Geographies Support development of federal/state/local specifications and streamlined permitting for salmon friendly Watershed wide shoreline restoration that meet appropriate standards (e.g., Green Shores for Homes program that promotes and incentivues removal of shoreline armoring and shoreline restoration of shoreline property). Applicable Strategies ly Planning&Regs Rearing&Retuge Habitat Riparian Vegetation Action Number LU-SMP-2 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category SMP Description Primary Geographies Adopt and enforce regulations to protect existing riparian buffers. Watershed wide Applicable Strategies I IM C) Riparian Vegetation Rearing&Refuge Habitat Water Quality Action Number LU-SMP3 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category SNIP Description Primary Geographies Replace shoreline armoring on pubiically owned shorelines (e.g., park lands, natural areas, etc.). Watershed wide Applicable Strategies C: Hearing&Refuge Riparian Vegetation Floodplain Habitat Connectivity Action Number LU-SMP3 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category SMP Description Primary Geographies Support and incentivize private property owners to restore or improve shorelines and address nonconforming Watershed wide structures over time. Provide technical assistance, streamlined permitting, current use taxation, livestock exclusion fencing cost share, voluntary farm plans and other incentives to encourage property owners to restore riparian function, remove impervious surface, shoreline hardening, docks, and invasive species. Applicable Strategies Rearing&Refuge Rn Habitat Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 2 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Action Number LU-SMP-S Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category SMP Description Primary Geographies Update jurisdicational parks and open space management plans to enoucrage appropriate use of integrated Watershed wide pest management, native landscaping and other salmon -friendly practices on publicly owned land. Applicable Strategies Planning &Pegs Riparian Vegetetlon Rearing & Refuge Habiw Action Number LU-SMP-6 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category SMP Description Primary Geographies Local jurisdictions should share information among themselves about model ordinance language, templates Watershed wide and specifications. Applicable Strategies Planning & Rep 2 i MA Action Number I Lil-SPo1 a-7 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes SNIP Land Use Category Description Primary Geographies Provide incentives for salmon-friencity community docks or mooring buoys to reduce the number of individual Lakeshore docks. Puget Sound/nearshore Applicable Strategies Ove.t.rttrudures Predation Action Number LU-SMP-8 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category SMP Description Primary Geographies Retrofit existing overeater structures (e.g., docks and piers) with salmon friendly design features. Repairs to Lakeshore overwater structures which exceed a certain threshold should be considered a replacement and be required to meet NOAA Fisheries standards. Remove overwater structures and pilings when possible. Puget Sound/nearshore Applicable Strategies 1 Ovemater5tructures Predation Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 I— C CL C D r, Et ;Cl N n O N 3 a v 0 W Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Action Number LD-SMP-9 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category SMP Description Primary Geographies Limit or restrict barge anchoring at creek mouths as a condition of shoreline permits. Lakeshore Puget Sound/nearshore Applicable Strategies overwaterstrudures Predation Action Number LU-SMP-10 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category SMP Description Primary Geographies Discourage filling and dredging in nearshore except for essential public facilities and where associated with shoreline restoration projects. Puget Sound/nearshore Applicable Strategies i a a Marine Water Nearfiore Backzhore Quality Action Number u.,1-SPo".P-11 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category SMP Primary Geographies Description Work with Department of Ecology and BNSF Railway to revise policies that address how landslide material on Puget Sound/nearshore or near the track is handled. Consider option of enabling side -casting of slide debris/sediment into the nearshore to mimic natural nearshore sediment processes, rather than removing and disposing of it off -site. Address concerns regarding sediment quality and identify appropriate locations for side-casting'd other than Applicable Strategies at slide sites. f{I % Marine Waterouallry Action Number LU-Wq-1 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category Water quality Description Primary Geographies Promote and incentivize stormwater management actions beyond NPDES permit regulations to reduce water Watershed wide quality impacts and to reduce flow impacts to creeks (e.g., retain forest/vegetative cover, encourage low impact development and green starmwater infrastructure, improve infiltration, etc.). Coordinate efforts with stormwater retrofit programs. Explore options for stormwater management in developed areas, including Applicable Strategies regional stormwater facilities, opportunities to retrofit retention/detention facilities, and investing in streetsweepers and vacuumsfor cleaning pervious pavements. Integrate salmon recovery considerations into stormwater retrain priaritization processes. F 0 Wateraualily FOrezt Cover Sedrmen[Vro[erses Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 MA Ht��I plhy��.l 'J 0 Q D D n_ O A rD n 0 3 3 M D CL d O W N Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed IWRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Action Number LU-wq-2 Four -Year Work Plan? Ves Land Use Category Water Quality Description Primary Geographies Coordinate with Washington State Department of Ecology, Seattle -King County Department of Public Health, and others to identify and correct on -site septic failures, particularly in nearshore and riparian areas. Identify and promote incentives for private landowners to correct on -site septic system failures. Watershed wide All rivers and streams Applicable Strategies .._.erqualiry marine Water Quaiiry Action Number LU-WQ-3 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Land Use Category water Quality Description Primary Geographies Coordinate with Washington State Department of Ecology to develop TMDLs for additional water bodies on 303d list that do not have them. Watershed wide Applicable Strategies per,, 0 IF Water Quality Thermal Stress Planning & Regs Action Number LU=wq-a Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Description Work with King County Wastewater Treatment Division to determine how reclaimed water use can reduce irrigation surface withdrawals, and support groundwater recharge and instream flows in temperature and flow impaired streams (e.g., Sammamish River). Land Use Category Primary Geographies Sammamish River All rivers and streams Applicable Strategies 5tre flow The,mai Stress Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 i AM rJ l J Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 WRIA 8 Education and Outreach Actions APPLICABLE STRATEGIES LEGEND: Protect and Protect and r' restore restore cold water floodplainIP sources and reduce connectivity thermal barriers to migration Protect and Improve juvenile restore functional and adult survival riparian at the Ballard Locks vegetation Protect and ® Reduce predation restore channel on juvenile complexity migrants and lake - rearing fry Restore shallow Remove (or water rearing reduce impacts of) and refuge , overwater habitat structures Reconnect and Remove fish enhance creek passage barriers mouths V Protect and restore forest cover and headwater areas Provide adequate stream flow Restore sediment processes necessary for key life stages Restore natural marine shoreline Reconnect backshore areas and pocket estuaries Wednesday, August 30, 2017 Protect and restore marine water and sediment quality, especially near commercial and industrial areas 0 Improve water quality Integrate salmon - recovery priorities into local and regional planning, regulations, and permitting (SMP, CAO, NPDES, etc.) Continue existing and conduct new research, monitoring, and adaptive management on key issues Increase awareness and support for salmon recovery L r/ 0-4 Action Number EO-1 Four -Year Work Plan? yes Description Develop project -specific outreach (e.g., factsheets, media, tours, etc.) to support priority site -specific projects. Action Number EO-2 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Description Promote riparian stewardship through non-profit and jurisdictional programs and landowner outreach. Primary Audiences b Decision -makers ro Floodplain landowners/communities Property owners tIH��1 I� Applicable Strategies 1---1 m OJ c OJ O v Flmdplain Chamwl Complexity Creek Mouths Connectivity Q- O r Primary Audiences (D On River/Streamside property owners 3 Volunteers n O tD Applicable Strategies c Q m O Riparian Vegetation Thermal Stress Forest Cover Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammemish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10 YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Action Number EO-3 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Primary Audiences Description Lakeshore property owners Decision -makers Promote lakeshore restoration messages and outreach/social marketing programs and efforts (e.g., Green Shorelines handbook, Green Shores for Homes, etc.). Realtors Applicable Strategies 12 q Rearing & Refuge Overwate, Structures Habitat Action Number EO-4 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Primary Audiences Description Decision -makers Conduct outreach (e.g., briefings, factsheets, media, tours, etc.) to state legislators, Congress, and federal agencies to improve fish passage and water quality conditions at the Ballard Locks and in the Ship Canal. Applicable Strategies Locks Survival Tharmal5tress // E A tht�^��1l 1�2 la-aal Action Number EO-5 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Primary Audiences > Description General public Development community Promote water conservation programs to protect stream flows and raise awareness about the impacts of low V stream flows and elevated water temperatures. Pr�—�41 1� Applicable Strategies I--1 ill t? r J 0 J Streamflow C Q Action Number EO-6 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Primary Audiences ;p y Description General public J Property owners Promote water quality EIMP's (e.g, tree plantings, infiltration improvement, etc.) and green infrastructure Development community `) incentive programs (e.g., Rainwisel in key areas to improve water quality. 0 Decision -makers M Applicable Strategies 0 Water qualO 5edlment Processes Planning&Rees Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10YEAR UPDATE 1 2017 Action Number EO-2 Four -Year Work Plan? yes Primary Audiences Description BNSF Marine shoreline property owners, including jurisdictions Promote marine shoreline restoration messages and outreach/social marketing programs and efforts (e.g., Green Shores for Homes, Shore Friendly, Your Marine Waterfront guide, etc.). Applicable Strategies a a Nearshore Backshore Action Number EO-8 Four -Year Work Plan? Yes Primary Audiences Description Marine shoreline property owners, including jurisdictions BNSF Promote source control BMP's to protect water and sediment quality. _ Applicable Strategies Madne WazW watera�eim Quality AM Ono s "Ol m a n m O 7 iU C !Z 0 C 1 rD rh n 3 70 !D n O 3 3 rD O_ m O 7 to a ro ro M z d x Action Number EO-10 I Four -Year Work Plan? I Yes I Primary Audiences Description General public Decision -makers Conductsalmon biology/recovery-related outreach and education programs (e.g, Salmon SEEson, Cedar River I Volunteers Salmon Journey, Beach Naturalists, etc.) to build awareness and foster public support for funding and implementation of recovery strategies and action Applicable Strategies Education & Outreach Lake Washington/Cedar/Sammamish Watershed (WRIA 8) Chinook Salmon Conservation Plan I 10-YEAR UPDATE 1 2017